Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 915 1611367 1611280 2026-10-26T14:00:48Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. */ mjadala mpya 1611367 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka mmoja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--- '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Piga kura sasa katika uchaguzi wa 2026 U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Wapigakura walaotimiza vigezo na masharti ya kupiga kura wanaombwa kushiriki katika uchaguzi wa 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Kanuni na mwongozo wa Maadili kwa wote]]. Maelezo zaidi ikijumuisha ukaguzi wa ustahiki, maelezo ya mchakato wa kupiga kura, maelezo ya mgombeaji, na kiungo cha kupiga kura zinapatikana kwenye Meta katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 ukurasa wa maelezo ya Uchaguzi]]. Kura itafungwa tarehe 2 Juni 2026 kwa [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Tafadhali piga kura ikiwa akaunti yako imekidhi vigezo. Matokeo yatatolewa kufikia 14 Juni 2026. -- Kwa kushirikiana na U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:15, 27 Mei 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|majadiliano]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Juni 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:25, 24 Julai 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' * Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-09-23|sw}}. * Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' * Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067455 --> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].<br/> Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes. Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:29, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> == Wazo la Mradi: Kuongeza Makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (C-Dramas & K-Dramas) == Habari zenu wakuu na wahariri wenzangu wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili, Natumai mnaendelea vyema na ujenzi wa kamusi elezo yetu. Nimekuwa nikipitia maudhui yetu ya burudani na sanaa, na nimegundua kuna pengo kubwa sana (systemic bias) la makala zinazohusu filamu, tamthilia, na waigizaji wa ukanda wa Asia (hususan China na Korea). Licha ya kwamba filamu za Kung Fu, C-Dramas, na K-Dramas zina mashabiki mamilioni katika nchi zetu za Afrika Mashariki tangu miaka ya 80 hadi sasa, wasomaji wetu wakitafuta wasifu wa waigizaji hao au tamthilia maarufu kwa Kiswahili hawapati taarifa za kutosha. Ili kuziba pengo hili na kuleta usawa wa maarifa (Knowledge Equity), ninafikiria kuomba ruzuku ndogo ya Rapid Fund kutoka Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Lengo langu ni kuandaa warsha ya siku moja (In-person workshop) hapa Dar es Salaam, itakayofuatiwa na kampeni ya mwezi mmoja ya uandishi mtandaoni (Online Edit-a-thon). Kupitia mradi huu, tunalenga kuvutia vijana wapya na wapenzi wa filamu hizi, kuwafundisha misingi ya uandishi wa Wikipedia, na kutengeneza makala mpya 80 hadi 100 za sanaa hizo kwa Kiswahili sahihi na chenye vyanzo. Kabla ya kuwasilisha maombi haya rasmi WMF, ningependa kupokea maoni, ushauri, au mapendekezo yenu kuhusu wazo hili. Je, mnaona ni mradi utakaofaa? Na je, kuna changamoto yoyote mnayoiona ambayo tunapaswa kuizingatia? Nawasilisha, na asanteni kwa ushirikiano wenu wa kila siku. # {{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 10:03, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :ni wazo zuri sana.. :Ushauri wangu ni huu... :*Kuzingatia Ubora kuliko idadi pekee: Lengo la makala 300–400 linaweza kuvutia, lakini ni muhimu kueleza jinsi utakavyohakikisha kila makala ina vyanzo huru vya kuaminika na inakidhi miongozo ya Wikipedia. :*Wigo wa mada: Badala ya kuzingatia waigizaji na filamu maarufu pekee, unaweza kujumuisha wakurugenzi, watayarishaji na historia ya sinema za Asia, mradi kila mada inakidhi vigezo vya umuhimu wa Wikipedia. :*Uendelevu wa jamii: Eleza jinsi utakavyowasaidia washiriki kuendelea kuhariri hata baada ya kampeni kuisha, kwa mfano kupitia kikundi cha mawasiliano, ushauri wa wahariri wenye uzoefu na ufuatiliaji wa makala zilizoundwa. :Pendekezo langu: Chapisha ujumbe huu kwanza ili kupata maoni ya wahariri. Majibu yao yanaweza kukusaidia kuboresha wigo wa mradi, bajeti, malengo yanayopimika na mpango wa utekelezaji kabla ya kuwasilisha ombi rasmi la Rapid Fund.... Ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody|majadiliano]])''' 10:56, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] Kimsingi itahusu kila kitu si filamu pekee hadi waongozaji. Kimsingi ni cinema za Asia. Makala 100, sitaki kuandika makala ya mstari mmoja. Tutakaowafunza tutawaeleza dhima ya uundaji makala pana badala ya makala fupi-fupi zinazoja wingi pekee. Kama mimi nilivutiwa na mafunzo ya @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] na akina @[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] nami pia nina uhakika wa kuvutia wengi kwa vile nina uzoefu na uwezo pia wa kutumia WIKI MARK UP language kuliko watu wengi tu. Ukiacha challenge yako, unakubali au unakataa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 12:10, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) {{Support}}:::@[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] Wazo ni zuri, ila kwa kawaida wanaoanzisha hizi editathon hawafuatilii makala zilizotungwa na wahariri wapya, hawazisahahishi wala kuziboresha, hawaendele kuwapa maelekezo wanapoona wamekosea pengine kwa namna za kushangaza. Mzungu anawekwa katika jamii "Watu wa Ufilipino" na wakati huohuo "Watu kutoka Abu Dhabi"... Huyo @[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] mwenyewe, anayehimiza kuzingatia ubora kuliko idadi pekee, anatunga makala nyingi harakaharaka na kunipa kazi kuzisahihisha. Tena ni wiki kadhaa haweki tena vyanzo vyovyote, baada ya kuzuiwa asitumie vile vya Wikimedia... Naomba ukianzisha, mwezi mzima baada ya warsha uwajibike kweli. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:33, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::@Ikikupendeza, tutakuja kuifanyia pale Morogoro ili mambo yasiwe mengi. Ninaomba sana! '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Ikikupendeza, ingependa ije kuifanyika pale Morogoro Alfagem ili mambo yasiwe mengi. Ninaomba sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 12:45, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::Ndugu, sijakuelewa ulipoandika "ili mambo yasiwe mengi". '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 11:46, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Hapo nimekusudia iwapo tutakuwa mbali, hapo kwa wazee tutavuna mengi mno. 1) baraka za wazee, 2) ulezi kutoka kwa wazee, 3) tutapata mafunzo ya ana kwa ana na wakongwe wa kazi huku wakituasa namna bora ya kuanzisha miradi na kuisimamia. Hapo mambo hayawi mengi! '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 13:18, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]], pole, ila kwa kweli nimeelewa kidogo. Baraka sawa, ulezi kidogo sawa, mafunzo ya ana kwa ana kidogo sawa, ila kuhusu namna bora ya miradi sina uzoefu wa kwangu mimi. Naona ya wengine na kutambua shida mbalimbali. Kwanza wewe unakaa Arusha au wapi? Warsha ni siku moja, mradi ni mwezi mzima: utakaa siku ngapi? Ukifika Alfagems utaleta watu wengine au unategemea wanafunzi wetu? --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:27, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :Wazo ni Zuri na ninaliunga mkono, Kila la herí! '''[[Mtumiaji:Elizabeth Samwel|Elizabeth Samwel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elizabeth Samwel|majadiliano]])''' 16:12, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Elizabeth Samwel|Elizabeth Samwel]] Weka hivi {{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 16:27, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}} [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 16:52, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:ShijaOne|ShijaOne]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ShijaOne|majadiliano]])''' 20:15, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Elizabeth Samwel|Elizabeth Samwel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Elizabeth Samwel|majadiliano]])''' 00:26, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}}: wazo zuri na lenye kuleta tija kwa wasomaji na jamii tuliyonayo ,naunga mkono kwa asilimia mia moja. '''[[Mtumiaji:Bycashtz|Bycashtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bycashtz|majadiliano]])''' 03:59, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Mate Mingi|Mate Mingi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mate Mingi|majadiliano]])''' 07:04, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}}: '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' Ninaunga mkono hoja hii ya mradi. Ni wazo zuri litakalosaidia kuongeza makala za filamu na waigizaji wa Asia, hususan C-Dramas na K-Dramas, katika Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Mradi huu utachangia kupunguza pengo la maudhui, kuongeza maarifa kwa wasomaji na kuwahamasisha wahariri wapya kushiriki katika kukuza Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Nakupongeza kwa kuanzisha wazo hili na ninatumaini litapata mafanikio. {{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 23:27, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :{{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy|majadiliano]])''' 11:09, 21 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) {{Strong support}} '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' <br>{{Strong support}}-'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 10:19, 26 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Edit Wikidata Items on mobile devices == ''(Apologies for typing in English)'' Did you know that you can edit any Wikidata statement directly from your mobile device, just like on desktop? Since October 2026 all datatypes are now supported for mobile editing. This feature is automatically available to all users. Visit any Item on your mobile and try it out. If you run into issues or have feedback, share it on the project talk page: [[d:Wikidata talk:Usability and usefulness/Item editing experience/Mobile editing of statements|Mobile editing of statements]]. Happy editing on mobile. -'''[[Mtumiaji:Zita Zage (WMDE)|Zita Zage (WMDE)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zita Zage (WMDE)|majadiliano]])''' 11:55, 23 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2026-10-28|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' * Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2026-10-28|sw}}. * Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' * Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 14:00, 26 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> odrlv02eawy8k8a4lpkby5lrpo7fqgx 0 8702 1611582 1511436 2026-10-27T10:10:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Éire | jina_asili = ''Éire'' ([[Kieire]]) </br> ''Ireland'' ([[Kiingereza]]) | bendera = Flag of Ireland.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg | kaulimbiu = | wimbo = ''Amhrán na bhFiann''<br>"Wimbo wa Wanajeshi" | ramani = EU-Ireland (orthographic projection).svg | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Dublin]] | majiranukta1 = 53°20′39″K | majiranukta2 = 6°16′03″M | lugha_rasmi = [[Kieire]]</br> [[Kiingereza]] | dini= {{Plainlist| *75.7% [[Ukristo]] *14.5% [[Wasio na dini]] *3.1% Nyingine * 6.7% Hawakueleza}} | kabila= {{plainlist| * 76.6% [[Mzungu|Wazungu wa Eire]] * 10.8% [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] wengine * 3.3% [[Asia|Waasia]] * 1.5% [[Watu weusi|Weusi]] * 1.7% Wengine * 6.2% Hawakusema}} | serikali = Jamhuri ya bunge ya muungano | vyeo_viongozi = {{*}}[[Rais]]<br>{{*}}Taoiseach<br>{{*}}Tánaiste | majina_viongozi = [[Michael D. Higgins]]<br>[[Micheál Martin]]<br>[[Simon Harris]] | eneo_jumla = 70,273 | cheo_eneo = 118 | maji = 2.0% | watu_kadirio = 5,458,600 | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 76.6 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $691.904 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $127,750 | plt = {{increase}} $560.566 bilioni | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $103,500 | mwaka_pato = 2024 | maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.949 </br> {{juu sana}} | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | gini = 27.9 | mwaka_gini = 2022 | fedha = [[Euro]] (€) (EUR) | majira_saa = +1 (DST) | udereva = Kushoto | msimbo_simu = 353 | tld = .ie }} '''Eire''' (pia: '''Ayalandi'''; [[jina rasmi]]: '''Jamhuri ya Eire''') ni nchi katika [[Ulaya ya Magharibi]], inayochukua sehemu kubwa ya [[kisiwa]] cha Ayalandi/Eire. Inapakana na [[Atlantiki|Bahari ya Atlantiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Eire]] mashariki, na [[Eire Kaskazini]], ambayo ni sehemu ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], kaskazini-mashariki. Ina [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 5.45, ikiwa ya 119 [[dunia|duniani]]. [[Jiji]] lake kubwa zaidi na [[mji mkuu]] ni [[Dublin]]. Eire imegawanyika katika majimbo 4 na kaunti 26. Inajulikana kwa mandhari yake ya kijani kibichi, urithi wake tajiri wa [[Wakelti|Kiselti]], [[fasihi]] mashuhuri, na [[historia]] yake ya kupigania [[uhuru]] dhidi ya [[Uingereza]]. == Jiografia == Kijiografia Eire ni [[kisiwa]] kilichogawiwa kati ya Jamhuri ya Eire inayokalia sehemu kubwa ya kisiwa na [[Eire ya Kaskazini|Northern Ireland]] ambayo ni [[jimbo]] la [[Ufalme wa Maungano]]. Kisiwa chote kina eneo la [[km²]] 84,421 na 83% zake ni Jamhuri ya Eire. Upande wa [[magharibi]] kuna [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]], upande wa [[mashariki]] [[Bahari ya Eire]] inayokitenga na kisiwa cha [[Britannia]]. [[Kitovu]] cha kisiwa kuna [[tambarare]] inayozungukwa nje upande wa [[pwani]] na vilima. [[Mlima]] mrefu zaidi ni [[Carrauntoohil]] wenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 1,038. [[Mto]] mkubwa ni [[Shannon]] ambao kutoka kaskazini unaelekea [[kusini]]. Kwenye [[tambarare]] ya katikati kuna ma[[ziwa]] kadhaa. [[Hali ya hewa]] inaathiriwa na Atlantiki: ni ya wastani, hakuna [[baridi]] kali wala [[joto]] kali. [[Bahari]] inaleta [[mvua]] nyingi na hivyo Eire huitwa "Kisiwa cha Kijani". [[Miji]] mikubwa ni [[Dublin]] (wakazi [[milioni]] 1), [[Cork]] (watu 190,000), [[Limerick]] (90,000), [[Galway]] (72,000) na [[Waterford]] (49,000). ==Historia== Kwa [[karne]] kadhaa Eire ilitawaliwa na [[Uingereza]]. [[Sheria]] ya mwaka [[1800]] iliunganisha Ufalme wa Britania Kuu na Ufalme wa Eire na hivyo kuunda [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] (United Kingdom of Great Britan and Ireland). Baada ya [[Vita vya uhuru vya Eire]] [[bunge]] la [[London]] kwa sheria ya mwaka [[1920]] (Government of Ireland Act 1920) liligawa Ireland katika sehemu mbili za Northern Ireland na Southern Ireland. Wabunge waliochaguliwa katika Ireland ya Kusini walijitangaza kuwa bunge la Eire na kwa mapatano ya mwaka [[1922]] [[uhuru]] wa Eire ulitambuliwa. Nchi mpya ilijiita tangu [[1937]] "Jamhuri ya Eire" na kuendelea kama nchi ya pekee. Baada ya [[uhuru]] wa sehemu kubwa ya [[kisiwa]] hicho, [[Eire ya Kaskazini|ile ya kaskazini-mashariki]] imebaki kama sehemu ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. ==Watu== Wakazi walio wengi (76.6%) ni Waeire asili, [[Wazungu]] wengine ni 10.8%, [[Waasia]] 3.3%, [[Waafrika]] 1.5% n.k. Wengi kabisa hutumia [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] lakini [[Kieire]] ndiyo [[lugha ya taifa]] na [[lugha rasmi]] ya kwanza. Kinazungumzwa katika maeneo kadhaa ya [[Kijiji|vijijini]] na hufundishwa [[shule]]ni, lakini kutokana na [[uhamiaji]], [[Kipolandi]] kina wasemaji wengi zaidi kuliko Kieire. Upande wa [[dini]], 75.7% ni [[Wakristo]] (69.1% [[Wakatoliki]], 2.5% [[Waanglikana]] na 4.1% ni wa [[madhehebu]] mengine). Ushiriki wa [[ibada]] ni wa juu sana. [[Waislamu]] ni 1.3% na 14.5% hawana dini. == Tazama pia == * [[Wilaya za Eire]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Marejeo== <!-- Please order books alphabetically by the author's last name --> {{Refbegin}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=Ireland: Neutrality and the International Use of Force |last=Gilland|first=Karin|year=2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=0-415-21804-7|ref=harv}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=Rough guide to Ireland|url=https://archive.org/details/ireland0000unse_g9o2|last=Greenwood|first=Margaret|year=2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=1-84353-059-7|ref=harv}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=James Clarence Mangan – His Selected Poems|last=Mangan|first=James Clarence|year=2007|publisher=Read Books|isbn=1-4086-2700-0|ref=harv}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity|last=Meinardus|first=Otto Friedrich August|year=2002|publisher=American Univ in Cairo Press|isbn=977-424-757-4|ref=harv}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland|last=Moody|first=Theodore William|year=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-821737-4|ref=harv}} {{refend}} ===Marejeo mengine=== {{refbegin}} *''{{lang|ga|Bunreacht na hÉireann}}'' (the 1937 constitution) *''The Irish Free State Constitution Act, 1922'' *J. Anthony Foley and Stephen Lalor (ed), ''Gill & Macmillan Annotated Constitution of Ireland'' (Gill & Macmillan, 1995) (ISBN 0-7171-2276-X) *FSL Lyons, ''Ireland Since the Famine'' *Alan J. Ward, ''The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1992'' (Irish Academic Press, 1994) (ISBN 0-7165-2528-3) *Michael J. Geary, ''An Inconvenient Wait: Ireland's Quest for Membership of the EEC, 1957–73'' (Institute of Public Administration, 2009) (ISBN 978-1-904541-83-7) {{refend}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons|ireland}} ; Serikali *[http://www.gov.ie/ Irish State] – ''Official governmental portal'' *[http://www.president.ie/ {{lang|ga|Áras an Uachtaráin}}] – Official presidential site *[http://taoiseach.gov.ie/ Taoiseach] – Official prime ministerial site ; Taarifa za jumla *{{CIA World Factbook link|ei|Ireland}} *[http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/ei/ Ireland] information from the [[United States Department of State]] *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/ireland.htm Ireland] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/ireland.htm |date=20080821132627}} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Ireland|Ireland}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17473476 Ireland profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{Wikiatlas|Ireland}} *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=IE Key Development Forecasts for Ireland] from [[International Futures]] {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} {{mbegu-jio-Ireland}} [[Jamii:Ireland| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Atlantiki]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 7c2ofz6pev9czzextc0io7ozurozmxx 0 11709 1611589 1503462 2026-10-27T10:36:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Dini */ 1611589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kuhusu|nchi ya muungano wa [[Uingereza]], [[Welisi]], [[Uskoti]] na [[Eire Kaskazini]]|Kisiwa cha Britania|Britania}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire ya Kaskazini | jina_asili = ''United Kingdom of Great Britain</br> and Northern Ireland'' | bendera = File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | nembo = File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg | kaulimbiu = ''Dieu et mon droit''<br />([[Kifaransa]]: "Mungu na haki yangu") | wimbo = ''God Save the King'' | ramani = Europe-UK.svg | ramani2 = Location map of the United Kingdom and the European Union.svg | matini_ramani = Ufalme wa Muungano katika dunia | matini_ramani2 = Ufalme wa Muungano na Umoja wa ulaya | miji_mikuu = [[London]] | mji_mkubwa = | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = London | mji_mkuu = | majiranukta1 = | majiranukta2 = | lugha_rasmi = | lugha_taifa = [[Kiingereza]] | serikali= Ufalme wa kikatiba wa bunge la umoja | kiongozi1 = [[Charles III wa Uingereza|Charles III]] | kiongozi2 = [[Keir Starmer]] | cheo_kiongozi1 = Mfalme wa Ufalme wa Muungano | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu wa Ufalme wa Muungano | muundo_uhuru = '''Historia''' | tukio1 = Muungano wa Kiingereza na Kiskoti | tukio2 = Muungano wa Britania na Eire | tukio3 = Uanzishwaji wa Ufalme wa Muungano wa sasa | tukio4 = | tukio1_tarehe = 1 Mei 1707 | tukio2_tarehe = 1 Januari 1801 | tukio3_tarehe = 12 Aprili 1927 | tukio4_tarehe = | eneo_jumla = 243,610 | cheo_eneo = 80 | maji = 1.34% | ardhi = | mwaka_kabila = 2021 | kabila ={{plainlist| *83.0% [[Wazungu]] *8.6% [[Waasia]] *3.7% [[Watu weusi|Weusi/Waafrika]] *2.7% [[Chotara|Wachotara]] *2.0% Wengine }} | watu_kadirio = 67,545,757 | mwaka_kadirio = 2019 | msongamano = 270.7 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $4.28 Trilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $62,570 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 6 | plt = {{increase}} $3.59 Trilioni | mwaka_pato = 2024 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $52,420 | cheo_plt_kawaida = 10 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.940 </br> {{juu sana}} (ya 15) | gini = | mwaka_gini = | fedha = [[Pauni ya Sterling]] | majira_saa = +0 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) </br> | udereva = Kushoto | msimbo_simu = 44 | tld = .uk }} '''Ufalme wa Muungano wa Britania na Eire Kaskazini''', Inayojulikana kwa kawaida kama '''Ufalme wa Muungano''' (UK) au '''Britania''', ni nchi iliyoko [[Ulaya ya Kaskazini|Kaskazini Magharibi mwa Ulaya]], nje ya pwani ya bara kuu. Inajumuisha [[Uingereza]], [[Uskoti]], [[Welisi]], na [[Eire Kaskazini]]. Ufalme wa Muungano inajumuisha kisiwa cha [[Britania|Britania Kuu]], sehemu ya kaskazini-mashariki ya kisiwa cha Eire, na sehemu kubwa ya visiwa vidogo ndani ya [[Funguvisiwa la Britania|visiwa vya Britania]], ikichukua eneo la maili za mraba 94,354 (kilomita za mraba 244,376).Mnamo mwaka 2023, Ufalme wa Muungano ulikadiriwa kuwa na idadi ya watu milioni 68.2. [[London]] ndio [[mji mkuu]] na jiji kubwa zaidi la [[Uingereza]] na Ufalme wa Muungano. Ufalme wa Muungano una [[historia]] ndefu na yenye ushawishi mkubwa, ambayo imeathiri [[Ulaya]] na dunia kwa ujumla. Ulianzishwa kama taifa lililounganishwa kupitia mfuatano wa mikataba ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], ikiwemo muungano wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Uskoti]] mnamo mwaka 1707, na baadaye kuhusisha [[Eire]], ingawa sehemu kubwa ya [[Eire]] ilipata uhuru mwaka 1922. Ufalme huu uliheshimiwa katika matukio makuu ya [[Historia|kihistoria]] kama [[Mapinduzi ya Viwanda]], yaliyoanza nchini [[Uingereza]], pamoja na [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]] na [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Pia uliunda moja ya milki mikubwa zaidi ya [[Ufalme|kifalme]] katika [[Historia|historia]], ukiathiri [[biashara]], [[utamaduni]], [[lugha]], na mifumo ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] duniani. Leo, Ufalme wa Muungano unaendeshwa kama taifa la [[Ufalme|kifalme]] lenye katiba lenye mfumo wa bunge. Mfalme au Malkia anahudumu kama kiongozi wa taifa, wakati [[Waziri Mkuu]] ndiye kiongozi wa [[serikali]]. Uchumi wa Ufalme wa Muungano umeendelea sana, ukiwa na sekta muhimu kama [[fedha]], [[viwanda]], [[teknolojia]], na huduma. Jiji kuu la Ufalme wa Muungano ni [[London]], ambalo ni kitovu kikuu cha fedha duniani. Nchi hii pia inajulikana kwa michango yake ya kitamaduni, ikiwemo [[fasihi]], [[muziki]], [[sayansi]], na [[elimu]], na inaendelea kuwa mchezaji muhimu wa kimataifa katika [[diplomasia]], mashirika ya kimataifa, na masuala ya [[uchumi]]. ==Historia== Eneo hilo lilikaliwa na watu tangu miaka 30,000 iliyopita. Miaka 2000 iliyopita kisiwa cha [[Britania]] kilikaliwa na [[Wakelti|makabila ya Wakelti]] kikavamiwa na [[Dola la Roma]] kuanzia mwaka [[43]] [[BK]]. [[Waroma wa Kale|Waroma]] wakatawala sehemu zote za kisiwa kikubwa isipokuwa Uskoti kwa miaka 400. Walipoondoka wanajeshi wao, walowezi wapya [[Wagermanik]] kutoka [[Ujerumani]] wa Kaskazini na [[Denmark]] walihamia kisiwani, wanaojulikana kama [[Wasaksoni]] na [[Waangli]]. [[Utamaduni wa Wakelti]] uliendelea katika Welisi na Uskoti. Ndicho chanzo cha Ufalme wa Uingereza uliounganisha sehemu zilizokaliwa na [[walowezi]] Wagermanik. Mwaka [[1066]] [[Wanormani]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] walivamia Uingereza wakafaulu kuchukua utawala wa kusini mwa Uingereza. Uvamizi wao ulibadilisha utamaduni na pia lugha ya nchi. Walifaulu kuvamia Welisi na Uingereza lakini walishindwa kuteka Uskoti. Katika karne za utawala wao lugha ya Kiingereza ilizaliwa ambayo kimsingi bado ni lugha ya Kigermanik ya Wasaksoni pamoja na athira kubwa ya msamiati wa Kilatini-Kifaransa uliotokana na mabwana Wanormani walioshika utawala. Tangu [[mwaka]] [[1284]] [[Welisi]] ilitawaliwa na Uingereza na katika Hati ya Muungano ''(Act of Union)'' ya mwaka [[1536]] ilikuwa rasmi sehemu ya Milki ya Uingereza. Kutokana na asili yao katika [[Ufaransa|Ufaransa ya kaskazini]] wafalme wa Uingereza walijaribu pia kutetea madai yao ya utawala juu ya sehemu za Ufaransa. Baada ya Vita ya Miaka 100 walipaswa kuachana na madai haya. Katika karne ya 16 mfalme Henry VIII aliamua kutanganisha [[Kanisa Katoliki]] la nchi yake kutoka [[Papa|mamlaka ya Papa]] hivyo akweka misingi kwa kutokea kwa [[Kanisa Anglikana]]. Wakati huohuo mfalme wa Uingereza alipanusha utawala wake juu ya kisiwa cha Eire. Tangu 1603 mfalme wa Uingereza alikuwa pia mfalme wa Uskoti na hati ya Muungano ya mwaka [[1707]] iliunganisha milki [[mbili]] za Uingereza na [[Uskoti]] kuwa [[Milki ya Britania Kuu]]. Tangu wakati uleule Ufalme wa [[Eire]] (Ireland) ilitawaliwa na Uingereza pia. Katikati ya karne ya 17 kulikuwa na [[vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] ya 1642 hadi 1648. 1649 mfalme Charles I alihukumiwa na kukatwa kichwa na kwenye Mei wa mwaka uleule Uingereza ulitangaziwa kuwa "Commonwealth" yaani [[jamhuri]] chini ya [[Oliver Cromwell]]. Baada ya kifo chake ufalme ulirudishwa lakini wafalme hawakupata tena utawala kamili walipaswa kukubali kipaumbile wa [[bunge]] la raia wa ufalme. Hivyo Uingereza ilikuwa mfano wa mfumo wa utawala wa sheria inayoundwa na wawakilishi wa wanachi wenyewe. Tangu karne ya 18 Uingereza ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza iliyoona maendeleo ya teknolojia iliyoleta [[mapinduzi ya viwandani]]. Utajiri wa uwezo wake ulipanuka na kuweka msingi wake wa kutawala nchi nyingi nje yake kwa mfumo wa ukoloni. [[Sheria]] ya mwaka [[1800]] iliunganisha Ufalme wa Britania Kuu na Ufalme wa Eire na hivyo kuunda Ufalme wa Muungano (United Kingdom of Great Britan and Ireland). Baada ya [[Vita vya uhuru vya Eire]] [[bunge]] la [[London]] kwa sheria ya mwaka [[1920]] (Government of Ireland Act 1920) liligawa Ireland katika sehemu mbili za Northern Ireland na Southern Ireland. Wabunge waliochaguliwa katika Ireland ya Kusini walijitangaza kuwa bunge la Eire na kwa mapatano ya mwaka [[1922]] [[uhuru]] wa Eire ulitambuliwa. Nchi mpya ilijiita tangu [[1937]] "Jamhuri ya Eire" na kuendelea kama nchi ya pekee. Mikoa ya Northern Ireland iliendelea kuwa sehemu za Ufalme wa Muungano. Mwaka [[1999]] Uskoti, Welisi na Ireland ya Kaskazini zilirudishiwa mabunge yao ya pekee. Uskoti ulikuwa na [[harakati]] pana ya kuondoka katika Ufalme wa Muungano lakini katika [[kura]] ya watu wa Uskoti ya mwaka [[2014]] [[asilimia]] 55 waliamua kubaki. Kumbe kura ya wananchi wa Ufalme mzima ya mwaka [[2016]] iliamua kuondoka katika [[Umoja wa Ulaya]] kwa asilimia 51.9. Utekelezaji ulihitaji muda mrefu na kutimizwa tarehe [[31 Januari]] 2020. ==Demografia== ===Asili/Kabila=== Wenyeji wengi wana asili ya [[makabila ya Kigermanik|Kijerumaniki]] na ya [[Waselti|Kiselti]], lakini [[uhamiaji]] mkubwa umeleta Wazungu wengine wengi na kufanya sasa 7% wawe na asili ya [[Asia]], 3% wana asili ya Afrika, 2% ni [[Chotara|machotara]], n.k. === Lugha === Upande wa [[lugha]], Kiingereza ndiyo [[lugha mama]] ya 94.5% za wakazi na kinatumika kama [[lugha rasmi]] hata bila kutangazwa. === Dini === Upande wa [[dini]], kadiri ya [[sensa]] ya mwaka [[2021]]-[[2022]], 46.5% za wakazi ni [[Wakristo]] (hasa wa [[Anglikana]], halafu [[Wakatoliki]], [[Wakalvini]], [[Wamethodisti]], na wengineo), 6% ni [[Waislamu]], 1.6% ni [[Mabanyani]], 0.8% ni [[Singasinga]], 0.4% [[Wabuddha]], 0.4% [[Wayahudi]] n.k. 37.8% hawana dini yoyote. == Uchumi== [[File:London city.jpg|thumb|[[London]], [[Uingereza]]]] Ufalme wa Muungano una moja ya [[uchumi]] unaoendelea na wenye utofauti, ukiwa wa sita kwa ukubwa ikiwa na [[pato la taifa]] (GDP) trilioni 3.59. [[Historia ya Ufalme wa Muungano|Kihistoria]], ndio mahali palipoibuka [[Mapinduzi ya Viwanda]], yaliyoanzisha ushawishi wake wa kiuchumi duniani katika [[karne ya 18]] na ya [[Karne ya 19|19]]. Leo, uchumi huu unachanganya viwanda vya jadi kama vile uzalishaji wa bidhaa na [[kilimo]] pamoja na sekta za kisasa zikiwemo fedha, [[teknolojia]] ya taarifa, bioteknolojia, na viwanda vya ubunifu. Shughuli za [[Uchumi|kiuchumi]] zimekusanyika sana katika miji mikuu, huku Jiji kuu la [[London]] likihudumu kama kitovu cha [[fedha]] na [[biashara] kimataifa. Sekta ya [[huduma]] ndiyo inayoongoza katika [[uchumi]] wa Ufalme wa Muungano, ikichangia zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya [[pato la taifa]]. Huduma za fedha, bima, na taaluma maalum ni muhimu sana, huku [[utalii]], [[elimu]], [[afya]], na [[viwanda]] vya ubunifu vikichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa pia. Viwanda vinaendelea kuwa na umuhimu katika [[anga]], [[gari|magari]], [[kemikali]], na dawa, wakati [[kilimo]] kikiwa na mchango mdogo, likizalisha nafaka, mifugo, na mazao ya bustani. [[Uchumi]] wa Ufalme wa Muungano unategemea nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi mkubwa, [[miundombinu]] ya kisasa, na ubunifu ili kudumisha ushindani sokoni ndani na nje ya nchi. Biashara na uwekezaji ni nguzo kuu za nguvu za uchumi wa Ufalme wa Muungano. Inasafirisha nje [[mashine]], [[gari|magari]], [[dawa]], huduma za kifedha, na bidhaa za ubunifu, huku ikileta [[mafuta]], [[mashine]], [[chakula]], na bidhaa za matumizi. Uwekezaji wa moja kwa moja wa kigeni huvutwa na mfumo thabiti wa sheria, nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi, na eneo la kimkakati. Maendeleo ya karibuni, yakiwemo ''Brexit'', yameathiri mifumo ya [[biashara]] na kusababisha makubaliano mapya ya kimataifa, huku [[serikali]] ikizingatia kukuza ubunifu, ukuaji endelevu, na viwanda vya thamani kubwa ili kushughulikia changamoto kama vile tofauti za kikanda, mapengo ya uzalishaji, na mabadiliko ya uchumi wa dunia. == Elimu == [[File:University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford, [[Uingereza]]]] [[Elimu]] katika Ufalme wa Muungano imeendelea sana na imepangwa katika mifumo minne mikuu inayolingana na nchi zake zinazounda muungano huo: [[Uingereza]], [[Uskoti]], [[Welisi]], na [[Eire ya Kaskazini]]. Elimu ya lazima huanza katika umri wa miaka 5 na kuendelea hadi miaka 16 katika [[Uingereza]], [[Welisi]], na [[Eire ya Kaskazini]], na hadi miaka 16 pia katika [[uskoti]], ingawa wanafunzi wengi huendelea hadi miaka 18. Mfumo wa [[elimu]] umegawanywa katika ngazi ya msingi, [[sekondari]], na ya juu, huku elimu ya [[sekondari]] ikijumuisha njia za kitaaluma, za ufundi, na za kiufundi. [[Uskoti]] ina mfumo wake wa kipekee, wenye mtaala mpana na sifa kama vile Vyeti vya Juu vya [[Uskoti]], ilhali sehemu nyingine za Ufalme wa Muungano hufuata mitihani ya Cheti cha Jumla cha Elimu ya Sekondari na mitihani ya ngazi ya juu, au sifa sawa za ufundi. [[Chuo kikuu|Elimu ya juu]] katika Ufalme wa Muungano inatambulika kimataifa kwa ubora wake, matokeo yake ya utafiti, na utofauti wa taasisi zake. Vyuo vikuu kama [[Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford|Oxford]], [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge|Cambridge]], na Chuo cha Kifalme cha London vinajulikana duniani kote na huvutia wanafunzi kutoka pembe zote za dunia. Ufalme wa Muungano hutoa programu za shahada ya kwanza, [[shahada ya uzamili]], na [[shahada]] ya [[udaktari]], huku ukisisitiza kwa nguvu utafiti na ubunifu. Ufadhili wa elimu ya juu unajumuisha mikopo ya wanafunzi inayoungwa mkono na [[serikali]] na ufadhili wa masomo, huku taasisi binafsi pia zikichangia katika sekta hii. Elimu ya ufundi na ya kiufundi hutolewa kupitia vyuo, mafunzo ya uanafunzi, na programu za mafunzo ya kitaaluma ili kukidhi mahitaji ya nguvu kazi. Ufalme wa Muungano huweka msisitizo mkubwa katika viwango vya [[elimu]], ujumuishi, na upatikanaji. Serikali hudhibiti [[elimu]] kupitia mitaala ya kitaifa, vyombo vya ukaguzi kama ''Ofsted'' nchini [[Uingereza]], na mashirika ya uthibitishaji wa ubora katika nchi nyingine. Elimu maalumu, msaada wa lugha kwa wanafunzi wasio wazungumzaji asilia, na sera zinazokuza usawa ni sehemu muhimu za mfumo huu. Shughuli za nje ya [[darasa]], [[sanaa]], michezo, na [[teknolojia]] husisitizwa sambamba na ujifunzaji wa kitaaluma, na hivyo kuonyesha mtazamo mpana wa maendeleo ya mwanafunzi. Kwa ujumla, mfumo wa [[elimu]] wa Ufalme wa Muungano unaunganisha mila za kihistoria na mageuzi ya kisasa ili kudumisha viwango vya juu na ushindani wa kimataifa. == Nchi wanachama == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" |- bgcolor=cccccc ! Bendera !!width="100px"| Nchi !! Hali !width="75px" | Wakazi !width="140px"| Vitengo ! [[Mji mkuu]] |- | [[Picha:Flag of England.svg|left|70px]] || [[Uingereza (nchi)|Uingereza]] || [[Ufalme]] |style="padding-right:0.5em; text-align:right;"| 50,431,700 |style="padding-left:0.5em; font-size:95%;"| [[Mikoa ya England|Mikoa]]<br />[[Wilaya za Uingereza|Wilaya]] | [[London]] |- | [[Picha:Flag of Scotland.svg|left|70px]] || [[Uskoti]] || [[Ufalme]] |style="padding-right:0.5em; text-align:right;"| 5,094,800 |style="padding-left:0.5em; font-size:95%;"| [[Wilaya za Uskoti|Wilaya]] | [[Edinburgh]] |- | [[Picha:Flag of Wales (1959–present).svg|left|70px]] || [[Welisi]] || [[Utemi]] |style="padding-right:0.5em; text-align:right;"| 2,958,600 |style="padding-left:0.5em; font-size:95%;"| [[Wilaya za Welisi|Wilaya]] | [[Cardiff]] |- | ''Hapana'' || [[Eire Kaskazini]] || [[Jimbo]] |style="padding-right:0.5em; text-align:right;"| 1,903,100 |style="padding-left:0.5em; font-size:95%;"| [[Wilaya ya Eire ya Kaskazini|Wilaya]] | [[Belfast]] |} == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya miji ya Ufalme wa Muungano]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Tanbihi == {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} ; Serikali * [http://www.gov.uk/ Official website of HM Government] * [http://www.royal.gov.uk/ Official website of the British Monarchy] * [http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html Official Yearbook of the United Kingdom] statistics * [http://www.number10.gov.uk/ The official site of the British Prime Minister's Office] ; Taarifa za jumla * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18023389 United Kingdom] from the [[BBC News]] * {{CIA World Factbook link|uk|United Kingdom}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm United Kingdom] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/british.htm |date=20090406224510 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom}} * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/615557/United-Kingdom United Kingdom] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry * [http://www.oecd.org/unitedkingdom/ United Kingdom] from the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]] * [http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/unitedkingdom/index_en.htm United Kingdom] {{Wayback|url=http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/unitedkingdom/index_en.htm |date=20160725004722 }} at the [[European Union|EU]] * {{wikiatlas|United Kingdom}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=GB Key Development Forecasts for the United Kingdom] from [[International Futures]] ; Utalii * [http://www.visitbritain.com/en/EN/ Official tourist guide to Britain] {{Wayback|url=http://www.visitbritain.com/en/EN/ |date=20210213081243 }} {{Geographic location |Centre = {{UK}} |West = {{Flag|Isle of Man}}, {{Flag|Ireland}} |Southwest = {{Flag|Spain}} |South = {{Flag|Guernsey}}, {{Flag|Jersey}}, {{Flag|France}} |Southeast = {{Flag|Belgium}}, {{Flag|Netherlands}}, {{Flag|Germany}} |East = {{Flag|Denmark}} |Northeast = {{Flag|Norway}}, {{Flag|Sweden}} |North = {{Flag|Faroe Islands}} |Northwest = {{Flag|Iceland}} }} {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} {{coord|55|N|3|W|display=title|scale:10000000}} [[Jamii:Ufalme wa Muungano| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G7]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G8]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] tef7k8ghidekt0mlaeq7lcd54qhp2f8 0 14189 1611450 1274338 2026-10-26T23:22:58Z Juppi lantteineen 93314 File 1611450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Henry Fonda | picha = Henry Fonda in Slim.JPG | maelezo ya picha = Fonda akiigiza filamu ya ''Slim'' mnamo 1937 | jina la kuzaliwa = Henry Jaynes Fonda | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1905|5|16|mf=y}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Nebraska]], [[Marekani]] | tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|1982|8|12|1905|5|16}} | mahala alipofia = [[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]] | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]] | miaka ya kazi = 1928–82 | ndoa = 1) Margaret Sullavan<br />(1931-32)<br />2) Frances Ford Seymour<br />(1936-50)<br />3) Susan Blanchard<br />(1950-56)<br />4) Afdera Franchetti<br />(1957-61)<br />5) Shirlee Mae Adams<br />(1965-82) | watoto = Jane Fonda<br />Peter Fonda<br />Amy Fishman | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = }} [[File:Henry Fonda 1942 crop.jpg|thumb|Henry Fonda (1942)]] '''Henry Jaynes Fonda''' ([[16 Mei]] [[1905]] – [[12 Agosti]] [[1982]]) alikuwa mshindi wa [[Tuzo za Oscars|tuzo ya Oscars]] (Academy Awards) kama muigizaji bora wa filamu za [[Marekani|kimarekani]]. Fonda anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza [[filamu za western]] maarufu kama [[Spaghetti Western]]. == Maisha Binafsi == Henry Fonda alioa mara tano. Kwa mara ya kwanza alimuoa ''Margaret Sullavan'' mnamo mwaka [[1931]] hawakukaa muda mwingi wakatengana, kisha talaka rasmi ikawa mwaka [[1933]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1936]], Fonda akamuoa '''[[Frances Ford Seymour]]''', wakazaa watoto wawili, ambaye ni ''Peter Fonda'' na ''Jane Fonda''. Mnamo mwaka [[1950]], mke wa Fonda ambaye ni Seymour mama yao na kina Peter alijiua, ndipo Fonda akaamua kuoa mke mwingine aliyejulikana kwa jina la ''Susan Blanchard'', aliyekuwa mtoto wa kufikia wa mzee ''Oscar Hammerstein II'', hiyo ilikuwa mnamo mwaka [[1950]]. Fonda na Susan walimlea mtoto Amy (aliyezaliwa [[1953]]), lakini kwa bahati mbaya walitalikiana miaka mitatu mbele. Mnamo mwaka [[1957]] Fonda akamuoa kabaila wa [[Italia|kiitalia]] ''Afdera Franchetti''. Walibaki kuwa wanandoa mpaka mwaka [[1961]] ambako ndio ilikuwa mwisho wa Franchetti kuwa na mume aitwaye Fonda. Fonda hakukaa sana akaja kumwoa ''Shirlee Mae Adams'', alikaa na Adams mpaka kifo chake kilivyofika, mnamo mwaka [[1982]]. == Filamu Aliziigiza Henry Fonda == {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Mwaka !! Filamu !! Jina aliotumia !! Maelezo mengine |- | [[1935 in film|1935 || ''[[The Farmer Takes a Wife]] || Dan Harrow || |- | [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''Way Down East'' || David Bartlett || |- | [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[I Dream Too Much]]'' || Jonathan Street || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''Spendthrift'' || Townsend Middleton || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''[[The Trail of the Lonesome Pine]]'' || Dave Tolliver || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''The Moon's Our Home'' || Townsend Middleton || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''[[You Only Live Once]]'' || Kerry Gilfallen || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''Wings of the Morning'' || Eddie Taylor || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''[[Slim (movie)|Slim]]'' || Slim Kincaid || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''That Certain Woman'' || Jack V. Merrick, Jr. || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''I Met My Love Again'' || Ives Towner || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Jezebel (1938 film)|Jezebel]]'' || Preston Dillard || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Blockade]]'' || Marco || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Spawn of the North]]'' || Jim Kimmerlee || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''The Mad Miss Manton'' || Peter Ames || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Jesse James (1939 film)|Jesse James]]'' || [[Frank James]] || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''Let Us Live!'' || Brick Tennant || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''The Story of Alexander Graham Bell'' || Thomas Watson || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Young Mr. Lincoln]]'' || [[Abraham Lincoln]] || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Drums Along the Mohawk]]'' || Gilbert Martin || |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[The Grapes of Wrath]]'' || Tom Joad || ''[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] Nomination for Best Actor |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''Lillian Russell'' || Alexander Moore || |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[The Return of Frank James]]'' || Frank James || sequel to ''[[Jesse James (1939 film)|Jesse James]]'' |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''Chad Hanna'' || Chad Hanna || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[The Lady Eve]]'' || Charles Pike || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''Wild Geese Calling'' || John Murdock || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''You Belong to Me'' || Peter Kirk || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''Rings on Her Fingers'' || John Wheeler || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Male Animal'' || Prof. Tommy Turner || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Magnificent Dope'' || Thadeus Winship Page || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Tales of Manhattan]]'' || George || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Big Street'' || Agustus Pinkerton II || |- | [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''Immortal Sergeant'' || Cpl. Colin Spence || |- | [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[The Ox-Bow Incident]]'' || Gil Carter || |- | [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[My Darling Clementine]]'' || Wyatt Earp || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[The Long Night (1947 movie)|The Long Night]]'' || Joe Adams || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[The Fugitive (1947 film)|The Fugitive]]'' || A Fugitive || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''Daisy Kenyon'' || Peter Lapham || |- | [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''On Our Merry Way'' || Lank || |- | [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]'' || Lt. Col. Owen Thursday || |- | [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Jigsaw (1949 film)|Jigsaw]]'' || Nightclub Waiter || cameo appearance |- | [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Mister Roberts]]'' || Lt. Douglas A. Roberts || |- | [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[War and Peace (1956 film)|War and Peace]]'' || Pierre Bezukhov || |- | [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[The Wrong Man]]'' || Manny Balestrero || Fonda's only film with [[Alfred Hitchcock]] |- | [[1957 in film|1957]] || ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' || Juror #8 / Mr. Davis || '''also producer''' ''[[Golden Globe]] Nomination for Best Actor'' |- | [[1957 in film|1957]] || ''[[The Tin Star]]'' || Morg Hickman || |- | [[1958 in film|1958]] || ''[[Stage Struck (film)|Stage Struck]]'' || Lewis Easton || |- | [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[Warlock (1959 film)|Warlock]]'' || Clay Blaisedell || |- | [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[The Man Who Understood Women]]'' || Willie Bauche || |- | [[1959 in television|1959]] || ''The Deputy'' || Marshal Simon Fry || '''also producer''' ''Television Series (1959 - 1961, [[NBC]])'' |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[Advise and Consent (film)|Advise and Consent]]'' || Robert A. Leffingwell || |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[The Longest Day (film)|The Longest Day]]'' || Brig. Gen. [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]] || |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[How the West Was Won (film)|How the West Was Won]]'' || Jethro Stuart || |- | [[1963 in film|1963]] || ''[[Spencer's Mountain]]'' || Clay Spencer || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[The Best Man (1964 film)|The Best Man]]'' || William Russell || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[Fail-Safe (1964 film)|Fail-Safe]]'' || The President || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[Sex and the Single Girl]]'' || Frank Broderick || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[The Rounders (1965 film)|The Rounders]]'' || Marion 'Howdy' Lewis || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[In Harm's Way]]'' || Adm. Chester W. Nimitz || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''The Dirty Game'' || Dimitri Koulov || also known as ''The Secret Agents'' |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[Battle of the Bulge (film)|Battle of the Bulge]]'' || Lt. Col. Daniel Kiley || |- | [[1966 in film|1966]] || ''[[A Big Hand for the Little Lady]]'' || Meredith / Ben Bailey || |- | [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Welcome to Hard Times]]'' || Mayor Will Blue || |- | [[1967 in television|1967]] || ''Stranger on the Run'' || Ben Chamberlain || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Firecreek]]'' || Bob Larkin || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Madigan]]'' || Commissioner Anthony X. Russell || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' || Frank Beardsley || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[The Boston Strangler]]'' || John S. Bottomly || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' || Frank || also known as ''C'era una volta il West'' |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[Too Late the Hero]]'' || Capt. John G. Nolan || also known as ''Suicide Run'' |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[The Cheyenne Social Club]]'' || Harley Sullivan || |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[There Was a Crooked Man...]]'' || Woodward Lopeman || |- | [[1971 in film|1971]] || ''[[Sometimes a Great Notion (1971 film)|Sometimes a Great Notion]]'' || Henry Stamper || The first film ever shown on the [[HBO]] TV network. |- | [[1971 in television|1971]] || ''[[The Smith Family]]'' || Det. Sgt. Chad Smith || ''Television Series (1971 - 1972, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]])'' |- | [[1973 in television|1973]] || ''[[The Red Pony]]'' || Carl Tiflin || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Night Flight from Moscow]]'' || Allan Davies || also known as ''The Serpent'' or ''Le serpent'' |- | [[1973 in television|1973]] || ''The Alpha Caper'' || Mark Forbes || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Ash Wednesday]]'' || Mark Sawyer || |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[My Name Is Nobody|Il Mio nome è Nessuno]]'' || Jack Beauregard || also known as ''Lonesome Gun'' or ''My Name Is Nobody'' |- | [[1974 in film|1974]] || ''Mussolini: Ultimo atto'' || Cardinal Schuster || also known as ''The Last Days of Mussolini'' or ''The Last Four Days'' |- | [[1974 in television|1974]] || ''[[Clarence Darrow]]'' || Clarence Darrow || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur'' || Gen. Douglas MacArthur || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Almos' a Man'' || unknown || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in film|1976]] || ''[[Midway (film)|Midway]]'' || Adm. [[Chester W. Nimitz]] || also known as ''The Battle of Midway'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Captains and the Kings'' || Sen. Enfield Bassett || ''[[Miniseries]]'' |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[Tentacles]]'' || Mr. Whitehead || also known as ''Tentacoli'' |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[Rollercoaster (film)|Rollercoaster]]'' || Simon Davenport || |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''The Last of the Cowboys'' || Elegant John || also known as ''The Great Smokey Roadblock'' |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''Il Grande attacco'' || General Foster || also known as ''The Biggest Battle'' or ''The Greatest Battle'' |- | [[1978 in television|1978]] || ''Home to Stay'' || Grandpa George || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[Fedora (film)|Fedora]]'' || President of the Academy || |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[The Swarm (film)|The Swarm]]'' || Dr. Walter Krim || |- | [[1978 in television|1978]] || ''[[A Special Sesame Street Christmas]]'' || Guest || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1979 in television|1979]] || ''[[Roots: The Next Generations]]'' || Colonel Frederick Warner || ''[[Miniseries]]'' |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[City on Fire (1979 film)|City on Fire]]'' || Chief Albert Risley || |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Wanda Nevada]]'' || Old Prospector || |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Meteor (film)|Meteor]]'' || The President || |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''The Jilting of Granny Weatherall'' || Narrator || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''The Oldest Living Graduate'' || Col. J.C. Kincaid || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''[[Gideon's Trumpet]]'' || [[Clarence Earl Gideon]] || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1981 in film|1981]] || ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' || Norman Thayer Jr. || '''Won''' ''[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]/[[Golden Globe]] for Best Actor'' |- | [[1981 in television|1981]] || ''[[Summer Solstice (television)|Summer Solstice]]'' || Joshua Turner || ''[[Television movie]]'' |} == Tuzo Alizopata == {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#000000" | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Mwaka''' | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Tuzo''' | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Kazi''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Academy Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kushinda:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1981 in film|1981]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1981 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Honorary Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1957 in film|1957]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Picha Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1941 in film|1941]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[BAFTA Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kushinda:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1958 in film|1958]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1982 in film|1982]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Emmy Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1980 in television|1980]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Gideon's Trumpet]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1973 in television|1973]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[The Red Pony]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Golden Globes]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Won:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1982 in film|1982]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1980 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Cecil B. DeMille Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1958 in film|1958]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Tony Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Won:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1979 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Special Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1948 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Mister Roberts]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1975 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Clarence Darrow]]'' |} == Ona Pia == * [[Spaghetti Western|Orodha ya waigizaji na waongozaji wa spaghetti western]]. == Viungo vya Nje == * *[http://home.nyc.rr.com/alweisel/premierefonda.htm Everybody's All-American: Henry Fonda (2005 Premiere Magazine article)] {{Wayback|url=http://home.nyc.rr.com/alweisel/premierefonda.htm |date=20071016142049 }} * [http://www.tv.com/person/20389/summary.html Henry katika TV.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tv.com/person/20389/summary.html |date=20110628221436 }} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fonda, Henry}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu za Western]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1982]] one03z31xszohk3efvnsyro9w6eepzm 1611543 1611450 2026-10-27T09:35:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya Nje */ 1611543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Henry Fonda | picha = Henry Fonda in Slim.JPG | maelezo ya picha = Fonda akiigiza filamu ya ''Slim'' mnamo 1937 | jina la kuzaliwa = Henry Jaynes Fonda | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date|1905|5|16|mf=y}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Nebraska]], [[Marekani]] | tarehe ya kufa = {{Death date and age|1982|8|12|1905|5|16}} | mahala alipofia = [[Los Angeles]], [[Marekani]] | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]] | miaka ya kazi = 1928–82 | ndoa = 1) Margaret Sullavan<br />(1931-32)<br />2) Frances Ford Seymour<br />(1936-50)<br />3) Susan Blanchard<br />(1950-56)<br />4) Afdera Franchetti<br />(1957-61)<br />5) Shirlee Mae Adams<br />(1965-82) | watoto = Jane Fonda<br />Peter Fonda<br />Amy Fishman | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = }} [[File:Henry Fonda 1942 crop.jpg|thumb|Henry Fonda (1942)]] '''Henry Jaynes Fonda''' ([[16 Mei]] [[1905]] – [[12 Agosti]] [[1982]]) alikuwa mshindi wa [[Tuzo za Oscars|tuzo ya Oscars]] (Academy Awards) kama muigizaji bora wa filamu za [[Marekani|kimarekani]]. Fonda anafahamika zaidi kwa kucheza [[filamu za western]] maarufu kama [[Spaghetti Western]]. == Maisha Binafsi == Henry Fonda alioa mara tano. Kwa mara ya kwanza alimuoa ''Margaret Sullavan'' mnamo mwaka [[1931]] hawakukaa muda mwingi wakatengana, kisha talaka rasmi ikawa mwaka [[1933]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1936]], Fonda akamuoa '''[[Frances Ford Seymour]]''', wakazaa watoto wawili, ambaye ni ''Peter Fonda'' na ''Jane Fonda''. Mnamo mwaka [[1950]], mke wa Fonda ambaye ni Seymour mama yao na kina Peter alijiua, ndipo Fonda akaamua kuoa mke mwingine aliyejulikana kwa jina la ''Susan Blanchard'', aliyekuwa mtoto wa kufikia wa mzee ''Oscar Hammerstein II'', hiyo ilikuwa mnamo mwaka [[1950]]. Fonda na Susan walimlea mtoto Amy (aliyezaliwa [[1953]]), lakini kwa bahati mbaya walitalikiana miaka mitatu mbele. Mnamo mwaka [[1957]] Fonda akamuoa kabaila wa [[Italia|kiitalia]] ''Afdera Franchetti''. Walibaki kuwa wanandoa mpaka mwaka [[1961]] ambako ndio ilikuwa mwisho wa Franchetti kuwa na mume aitwaye Fonda. Fonda hakukaa sana akaja kumwoa ''Shirlee Mae Adams'', alikaa na Adams mpaka kifo chake kilivyofika, mnamo mwaka [[1982]]. == Filamu Aliziigiza Henry Fonda == {| class="wikitable" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Mwaka !! Filamu !! Jina aliotumia !! Maelezo mengine |- | [[1935 in film|1935 || ''[[The Farmer Takes a Wife]] || Dan Harrow || |- | [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''Way Down East'' || David Bartlett || |- | [[1935 in film|1935]] || ''[[I Dream Too Much]]'' || Jonathan Street || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''Spendthrift'' || Townsend Middleton || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''[[The Trail of the Lonesome Pine]]'' || Dave Tolliver || |- | [[1936 in film|1936]] || ''The Moon's Our Home'' || Townsend Middleton || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''[[You Only Live Once]]'' || Kerry Gilfallen || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''Wings of the Morning'' || Eddie Taylor || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''[[Slim (movie)|Slim]]'' || Slim Kincaid || |- | [[1937 in film|1937]] || ''That Certain Woman'' || Jack V. Merrick, Jr. || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''I Met My Love Again'' || Ives Towner || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Jezebel (1938 film)|Jezebel]]'' || Preston Dillard || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Blockade]]'' || Marco || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''[[Spawn of the North]]'' || Jim Kimmerlee || |- | [[1938 in film|1938]] || ''The Mad Miss Manton'' || Peter Ames || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Jesse James (1939 film)|Jesse James]]'' || [[Frank James]] || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''Let Us Live!'' || Brick Tennant || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''The Story of Alexander Graham Bell'' || Thomas Watson || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Young Mr. Lincoln]]'' || [[Abraham Lincoln]] || |- | [[1939 in film|1939]] || ''[[Drums Along the Mohawk]]'' || Gilbert Martin || |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[The Grapes of Wrath]]'' || Tom Joad || ''[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] Nomination for Best Actor |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''Lillian Russell'' || Alexander Moore || |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''[[The Return of Frank James]]'' || Frank James || sequel to ''[[Jesse James (1939 film)|Jesse James]]'' |- | [[1940 in film|1940]] || ''Chad Hanna'' || Chad Hanna || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''[[The Lady Eve]]'' || Charles Pike || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''Wild Geese Calling'' || John Murdock || |- | [[1941 in film|1941]] || ''You Belong to Me'' || Peter Kirk || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''Rings on Her Fingers'' || John Wheeler || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Male Animal'' || Prof. Tommy Turner || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Magnificent Dope'' || Thadeus Winship Page || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''[[Tales of Manhattan]]'' || George || |- | [[1942 in film|1942]] || ''The Big Street'' || Agustus Pinkerton II || |- | [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''Immortal Sergeant'' || Cpl. Colin Spence || |- | [[1943 in film|1943]] || ''[[The Ox-Bow Incident]]'' || Gil Carter || |- | [[1946 in film|1946]] || ''[[My Darling Clementine]]'' || Wyatt Earp || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[The Long Night (1947 movie)|The Long Night]]'' || Joe Adams || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''[[The Fugitive (1947 film)|The Fugitive]]'' || A Fugitive || |- | [[1947 in film|1947]] || ''Daisy Kenyon'' || Peter Lapham || |- | [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''On Our Merry Way'' || Lank || |- | [[1948 in film|1948]] || ''[[Fort Apache (film)|Fort Apache]]'' || Lt. Col. Owen Thursday || |- | [[1949 in film|1949]] || ''[[Jigsaw (1949 film)|Jigsaw]]'' || Nightclub Waiter || cameo appearance |- | [[1955 in film|1955]] || ''[[Mister Roberts]]'' || Lt. Douglas A. Roberts || |- | [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[War and Peace (1956 film)|War and Peace]]'' || Pierre Bezukhov || |- | [[1956 in film|1956]] || ''[[The Wrong Man]]'' || Manny Balestrero || Fonda's only film with [[Alfred Hitchcock]] |- | [[1957 in film|1957]] || ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' || Juror #8 / Mr. Davis || '''also producer''' ''[[Golden Globe]] Nomination for Best Actor'' |- | [[1957 in film|1957]] || ''[[The Tin Star]]'' || Morg Hickman || |- | [[1958 in film|1958]] || ''[[Stage Struck (film)|Stage Struck]]'' || Lewis Easton || |- | [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[Warlock (1959 film)|Warlock]]'' || Clay Blaisedell || |- | [[1959 in film|1959]] || ''[[The Man Who Understood Women]]'' || Willie Bauche || |- | [[1959 in television|1959]] || ''The Deputy'' || Marshal Simon Fry || '''also producer''' ''Television Series (1959 - 1961, [[NBC]])'' |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[Advise and Consent (film)|Advise and Consent]]'' || Robert A. Leffingwell || |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[The Longest Day (film)|The Longest Day]]'' || Brig. Gen. [[Theodore Roosevelt Jr.]] || |- | [[1962 in film|1962]] || ''[[How the West Was Won (film)|How the West Was Won]]'' || Jethro Stuart || |- | [[1963 in film|1963]] || ''[[Spencer's Mountain]]'' || Clay Spencer || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[The Best Man (1964 film)|The Best Man]]'' || William Russell || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[Fail-Safe (1964 film)|Fail-Safe]]'' || The President || |- | [[1964 in film|1964]] || ''[[Sex and the Single Girl]]'' || Frank Broderick || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[The Rounders (1965 film)|The Rounders]]'' || Marion 'Howdy' Lewis || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[In Harm's Way]]'' || Adm. Chester W. Nimitz || |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''The Dirty Game'' || Dimitri Koulov || also known as ''The Secret Agents'' |- | [[1965 in film|1965]] || ''[[Battle of the Bulge (film)|Battle of the Bulge]]'' || Lt. Col. Daniel Kiley || |- | [[1966 in film|1966]] || ''[[A Big Hand for the Little Lady]]'' || Meredith / Ben Bailey || |- | [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Welcome to Hard Times]]'' || Mayor Will Blue || |- | [[1967 in television|1967]] || ''Stranger on the Run'' || Ben Chamberlain || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1967 in film|1967]] || ''[[Firecreek]]'' || Bob Larkin || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Madigan]]'' || Commissioner Anthony X. Russell || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Yours, Mine and Ours (1968 film)|Yours, Mine and Ours]]'' || Frank Beardsley || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[The Boston Strangler]]'' || John S. Bottomly || |- | [[1968 in film|1968]] || ''[[Once Upon a Time in the West]]'' || Frank || also known as ''C'era una volta il West'' |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[Too Late the Hero]]'' || Capt. John G. Nolan || also known as ''Suicide Run'' |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[The Cheyenne Social Club]]'' || Harley Sullivan || |- | [[1970 in film|1970]] || ''[[There Was a Crooked Man...]]'' || Woodward Lopeman || |- | [[1971 in film|1971]] || ''[[Sometimes a Great Notion (1971 film)|Sometimes a Great Notion]]'' || Henry Stamper || The first film ever shown on the [[HBO]] TV network. |- | [[1971 in television|1971]] || ''[[The Smith Family]]'' || Det. Sgt. Chad Smith || ''Television Series (1971 - 1972, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]])'' |- | [[1973 in television|1973]] || ''[[The Red Pony]]'' || Carl Tiflin || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Night Flight from Moscow]]'' || Allan Davies || also known as ''The Serpent'' or ''Le serpent'' |- | [[1973 in television|1973]] || ''The Alpha Caper'' || Mark Forbes || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[Ash Wednesday]]'' || Mark Sawyer || |- | [[1973 in film|1973]] || ''[[My Name Is Nobody|Il Mio nome è Nessuno]]'' || Jack Beauregard || also known as ''Lonesome Gun'' or ''My Name Is Nobody'' |- | [[1974 in film|1974]] || ''Mussolini: Ultimo atto'' || Cardinal Schuster || also known as ''The Last Days of Mussolini'' or ''The Last Four Days'' |- | [[1974 in television|1974]] || ''[[Clarence Darrow]]'' || Clarence Darrow || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Collision Course: Truman vs. MacArthur'' || Gen. Douglas MacArthur || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Almos' a Man'' || unknown || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1976 in film|1976]] || ''[[Midway (film)|Midway]]'' || Adm. [[Chester W. Nimitz]] || also known as ''The Battle of Midway'' |- | [[1976 in television|1976]] || ''Captains and the Kings'' || Sen. Enfield Bassett || ''[[Miniseries]]'' |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[Tentacles]]'' || Mr. Whitehead || also known as ''Tentacoli'' |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''[[Rollercoaster (film)|Rollercoaster]]'' || Simon Davenport || |- | [[1977 in film|1977]] || ''The Last of the Cowboys'' || Elegant John || also known as ''The Great Smokey Roadblock'' |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''Il Grande attacco'' || General Foster || also known as ''The Biggest Battle'' or ''The Greatest Battle'' |- | [[1978 in television|1978]] || ''Home to Stay'' || Grandpa George || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[Fedora (film)|Fedora]]'' || President of the Academy || |- | [[1978 in film|1978]] || ''[[The Swarm (film)|The Swarm]]'' || Dr. Walter Krim || |- | [[1978 in television|1978]] || ''[[A Special Sesame Street Christmas]]'' || Guest || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1979 in television|1979]] || ''[[Roots: The Next Generations]]'' || Colonel Frederick Warner || ''[[Miniseries]]'' |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[City on Fire (1979 film)|City on Fire]]'' || Chief Albert Risley || |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Wanda Nevada]]'' || Old Prospector || |- | [[1979 in film|1979]] || ''[[Meteor (film)|Meteor]]'' || The President || |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''The Jilting of Granny Weatherall'' || Narrator || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''The Oldest Living Graduate'' || Col. J.C. Kincaid || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1980 in television|1980]] || ''[[Gideon's Trumpet]]'' || [[Clarence Earl Gideon]] || ''[[Television movie]]'' |- | [[1981 in film|1981]] || ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' || Norman Thayer Jr. || '''Won''' ''[[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]/[[Golden Globe]] for Best Actor'' |- | [[1981 in television|1981]] || ''[[Summer Solstice (television)|Summer Solstice]]'' || Joshua Turner || ''[[Television movie]]'' |} == Tuzo Alizopata == {| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#000000" | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Mwaka''' | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Tuzo''' | bgcolor="#75B5F6" | '''Kazi''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Academy Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kushinda:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1981 in film|1981]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1981 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Honorary Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1957 in film|1957]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Picha Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1941 in film|1941]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[The Grapes of Wrath (film)|The Grapes of Wrath]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[BAFTA Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kushinda:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1958 in film|1958]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1982 in film|1982]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[BAFTA Award for Best Actor|Muigizaji]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Emmy Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1980 in television|1980]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Gideon's Trumpet]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1973 in television|1973]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[The Red Pony]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Golden Globes]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Won:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1982 in film|1982]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[On Golden Pond#Film adaptation|On Golden Pond]]'' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1980 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Cecil B. DeMille Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[1958 in film|1958]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Best Motion Picture Actor - Drama | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F0AF49" | '''''[[Tony Awards]]''''' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Won:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1979 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Special Award | bgcolor="#ffffff" | Lifetime Achievement |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1948 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Mister Roberts]]'' |- | colspan="3" bgcolor="#F2D5A6" | '''Kuteuliwa:''' |- | bgcolor="#ffffff" | 1975 | bgcolor="#ffffff" | [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play|Muigizaji Bora]] | bgcolor="#ffffff" | ''[[Clarence Darrow]]'' |} == Ona Pia == * [[Spaghetti Western|Orodha ya waigizaji na waongozaji wa spaghetti western]]. == Viungo vya Nje == * *[http://home.nyc.rr.com/alweisel/premierefonda.htm Everybody's All-American: Henry Fonda (2005 Premiere Magazine article)] {{Wayback|url=http://home.nyc.rr.com/alweisel/premierefonda.htm |date=20071016142049 }} * [http://www.tv.com/person/20389/summary.html Henry katika TV.com] {{Wayback|url=http://www.tv.com/person/20389/summary.html |date=20110628221436 }} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fonda, Henry}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa filamu za Western]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1982]] adkebbvl64e2prqwvoowpi7o7vyaxnw 14 16095 1611349 904370 2026-10-26T13:52:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commons cat|Composers from Ireland}} [[Jamii:Watunzi nchi kwa nchi|Ireland]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|T]] l0ug6xytjjnutxe3opdlej0ihcmpflx 0 22209 1611295 1611229 2026-10-26T12:44:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Mji wa Runzewe |picha_ya_satelite = |maelezo_ya_picha = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_map_caption = Mahali pa Runzewe katika Tanzania |settlement_type = Mji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Tanzania]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Mkoa wa Geita]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Wilaya ya Bukombe|Bukombe]] |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 215,263 |latd= |latm= |lats= |latNS=S |longd= |longm= |longs= |longEW=E |website = }} '''Runzewe''' ni [[mji]] na eneo maarufu la [[biashara]] na [[Uchimbaji madini|uchimbaji]] wa [[madini]] ya [[dhahabu]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ministry of Minerals {{!}} United Republic of Tanzania|url=https://www.madini.go.tz/|work=Ministry of Minerals|accessdate=2026-10-25|language=en}}</ref> [[Kitovu]] cha mji (CBD) ni [[Uyovu]], [[kata]] ya katikati ya mji inayoongoza kwa [[idadi]] ya watu na shughuli za [[uchumi]] katika [[wilaya ya Bukombe]], [[Tanzania]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=GWF CORE|url=https://www.bukombedc.go.tz/|work=www.bukombedc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=GWF CORE|url=https://www.bukombedc.go.tz/|work=www.bukombedc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> Eneo lake lina ukubwa wa [[Kilomita ya mraba|kilomita za mraba]] 50.61.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=City Population: Check for Humans|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/checkhuman.html?url=%2F|work=www.citypopulation.de|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> Hapo awali Runzewe ilikuwa katika [[Mkoa wa Shinyanga]] lakini kuanzia mwaka [[2012]] ipo [[mkoa wa Geita]], ikiwa [[makao makuu]] ya [[tarafa]] ya [[Siloka]], ikiundwa na kata za Uyovu, kata ya mjini ambayo imegawiwa vitongoji vipya kikiwemo kile cha Majengo, halafu [[Runzewe Magharibi]], [[Runzewe Mashariki]], [[Namonge]] na [[Busonzo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=GWF CORE|url=https://www.bukombedc.go.tz/|work=www.bukombedc.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mwaka [[2022]] tarafa hiyo ilikuwa na [[idadi]] ya watu 215,263. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Census Information Dissemination Platform|url=https://sensa.nbs.go.tz/|work=www.sensa.nbs.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25|language=en}}</ref> Kwa mujibu wa sensa iliyofanyika [[mwaka]] wa [[2002]], kata ilikuwa na wakazi wapatao 36,424 walioishi humo. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/bukombe.htm|title=Ripoti Kuu ya Hesabu ya Sensa ya Watu na Makazi kwa Mwaka wa 2002|publisher=Serikali ya [[Tanzania]]|language=en|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031217225354/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/census/census/districts/bukombe.htm|archivedate=2003-12-17}}</ref> ==Historia na Utamaduni== Wenyeji wa mji wa Runzewe ni [[Wasumbwa]], [[kabila]] la [[Lugha za Kibantu|Kibantu]] lenye asili na mchanganyiko wa makabila ya [[Wanyamwezi]], [[Wasukuma]] na [[Wahutu]]. Kwa asili jamii ya Wasumbwa ni [[Uwindaji|wawindaji]] na [[Mkulima|wakulima]] wa [[mahindi]] na [[mihogo]] kwa ajili ya [[chakula]]. Pia walifuga [[nyuki]] wa [[asali]] na kulima [[pamba]] kwa ajili ya biashara. [[Ngoma (muziki)|Ngoma]] ya asili ya kabila la Wasumbwa ni [[Mulekule]]. Zamani, kabla ya ujio wa [[Ukoloni|wakoloni]], eneo la Runzewe lilijulikana kama Bunzebe. Wakati huo eneo la Runzewe lilikuwa chini ya Lwassa, ambaye alikuwa mtemi wa kabila la Wasumbwa akitawala maeneo ya [[Kahama]], [[Masumbwe]], [[Ushirombo]] na [[Runzewe]]. Mwaka 1893 [[Wajerumani]] walipoingia na kuweka himaya na makao yao [[Kahama]], Mtemi Lwassa alikutana na upinzani akaamua kukimbilia eneo la [[Upuge]], [[mkoa wa Tabora]], kwa [[hofu]] ya kuuawa na [[Wajerumani]]. Baadaye hao waliamulu Mtemi Lwassa arejeshwe Kahama ndipo alipoamua kuhamia Runzewe katika eneo la Musasa ([[Runzewe Magharibi]]) ambako alifariki na kuzikwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sumbwa of Tanzania (PGID: PG015046)|url=https://peoplegroups.org/people_groups/pg015046/|work=PeopleGroups.org|accessdate=2026-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=AFRICA {{!}} 101 Last Tribes -Sumbwa people|url=https://www.101lasttribes.com/tribes/sumbwa.html|work=www.101lasttribes.com|accessdate=2026-10-26}}</ref> ==Jiografia na usafiri== Mji wa Runzewe upo karibu na [[jiji]] la [[Mwanza]] (230 [[Km]]) pamoja [[manispaa]] ya [[Kahama]] (137 Km) na ya [[Geita]] (107 Km), pia umezungukwa na miji mingine inayokua kwa kasi ikiwemo [[Katoro]] (65 Km), [[Bwanga]] (46 Km), [[Chato]] (100 Km) upande wa Kusini, [[Ushirombo]] (45 km) na [[Masumbwe]] (83 Km) upande wa mashariki na [[Nyakanazi]] (45 km) [[Biharamulo]], [[Kakonko]] na [[Ngara]] upande wa Magharibi pamoja na mpaka Tanzania na Rwanda, [[Rusumo]] (156 Km) na mpaka wa Tanzania na [[Burundi]] [[Kabanga]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TANROADS Official Website :: Home|url=https://www.tanroads.go.tz/|work=www.tanroads.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> Mji huo umechangamka sana kibiashara kwa sababu umepitiwa na [[Barabara Kuu|barabara kuu]] inayoelekea nchi jirani za [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], [[Uganda]] na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], pamoja na barabara kuu inayounganisha [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa ya]] kanda ya [[Ziwa Viktoria|ziwa]] kama vile [[mkoa wa Mwanza]], [[mkoa wa Kigoma]], [[mkoa wa Kagera]], [[mkoa wa Geita]] na [[bandari]] ya [[Dar es Salaam]] na makao makuu ya nchi, [[Dodoma]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=TANROADS Official Website :: Home|url=https://www.tanroads.go.tz/|work=www.tanroads.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> ==Elimu== Mji wa Runzewe una [[shule]] mbalimbali zinazotoa [[elimu ya msingi]] na [[sekondari]] ikiongozwa na shule maarufu ya ''Runzewe High School.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wizara ya Elimu, Sayansi na Teknolojia {{!}} Ministry of Education, Science and Technology|url=https://www.moe.go.tz/sw|work=www.moe.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> ==Afya== Mji wa Runzewe una [[hospitali]] za [[serikali]] na vituo vya afya Uyovu, Namonge na Msonga ambavyo vinatoa huduma ya [[afya]]. Pia una hospitali maarufu ya binafsi ya Kumbukumbu ya Charles Kulwa inayotoa huduma za afya kwa wananchi wa ndani na nje ya wilaya ya Bukombe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Home{{!}}Ministry of Health|url=https://www.moh.go.tz/|work=www.moh.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> ==Uchumi== Mji wa Runzewe ni maarufu kwa shughuli mbalimbali za biashara, pia uchumi wake unakua kwa kasi kutokana na uchimbaji wa madini ya dhahabu, [[kilimo]] na [[ufugaji]]. Pia uchumi wa mji unachochewa na uwepo wa barabara kuu ya kimataifa inayounganisha bandari ya Dar es Salaam na nchi jirani za Rwanda, Burundi, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Uganda, inayopita katikati ya mji [[Uyovu]] CBD. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ministry of Minerals {{!}} United Republic of Tanzania|url=https://www.madini.go.tz/|work=Ministry of Minerals|accessdate=2026-10-25|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MLF {{!}} Wizara ya Mifugo na Uvuvi - Mwanzo|url=https://www.mifugouvuvi.go.tz/|work=www.mifugouvuvi.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-25}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-jio-geita}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Bukombe]] [[jamii:miji ya Tanzania]] s6tnp002sh6sfya7brgbekutc5t4yv5 0 24876 1611446 1335140 2026-10-26T20:49:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sivas districts.png|thumb|right|right|250px|]] '''Sivas''' (kwa [[Kigiriki]]: Σεβάστεια, kwa [[Kiarmenia]]: Սեբաստիա, kwa [[Kiajemi]]: Sebhasd: enzi ya Klasiko na [[karne za kati]] waliita ''Sebastia'', pia huitwa ''Sebastea'' au ''Sebasteia'') ni [[jina]] la [[orodha ya miji ya Uturuki|mji]] uliopo nchini [[Uturuki]] na ndiyo [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Mkoa wa Sivas]]. Kwa mujibu wa [[sensa]] iliyofanyika mnamo [[mwaka]] wa [[2007]], [[idadi]] ya wakazi ilihesabiwa kufikia 296,402. Mji upo [[mita]] 1,285 [[juu ya usawa wa bahari]]. == Viungo vya nje == <div class="references-small"> * [http://translate.google.com/translate?prev=_t&hl=en&ie=UTF-8&u=www.bizimsivas.net%0D%0A&sl=tr&tl=en&history_state0=en|tr|google%2527a%2520te%25C5%259Fekk%25C3%25BCrler Sivas News in English ] * [http://www.sivasdt.gov.tr Sivas State Theatre's Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sivasdt.gov.tr/ |date=20070930040413 }} * [http://www.sivaslilar.net Sivas News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sivaslilar.net/ |date=20081204034640 }} * [http://www.sivaslilarvakfi.com Sivaslilar Vakfi - Everything About Sivas] * [http://www.bizimsivas.net Bizim Sivas Gazetesi - Sivas' Newspaper] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bizimsivas.net/ |date=20181002030038 }} * [http://www.sivasbulteni.com Sivas News Agency] * [http://www.sivastuning.com Sivas Car Fan Site] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100107212717/http://www.sivasspor.com/ Sivas Fan Site] * [http://www.sivasliyiz.com Sivaslıyız - Everything about Sivas and Sivas Culture] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sivasliyiz.com/ |date=20090302092732 }} * [http://www.sivaskulturu.com Sivas Kulturu - Detailed Culturel Information about Sivas ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sivaskulturu.com/ |date=20211129024952 }} * [http://www.Sivasnews.com Sivas News Portal- 30 Another Language Sivas News] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sivasnews.com/ |date=20201127122824 }} * [https://www.sivashaberler.com Sivas Haber] * {{cite web | url=http://www.pbase.com/dosseman/sivas_turkey Photographs:| title = Sivas |author=Dick Osseman|publisher=| access date=}} </div> {{Miji ya Uturuki}} {{mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Uturuki]] 8kwkib6n1mzkzz0q7qlxokkqya583l6 14 30276 1611348 992384 2026-10-26T13:52:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watakatifu Wakristo|Ireland]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|T]] 05bwf6llphtzlq08i0aal7kean1o1i6 0 33668 1611315 1603564 2026-10-26T13:14:41Z Said Mfaume 68307 1611315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 <!-- For individuals; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> | jina = Salif Keita | picha = Salif Keita.JPG | image_size = 220 | maelezo = Keita in 2015, [[Festival Internacional Cervantino]], [[Mexico]]. | background = solo_singer | asili yake = Djoliba, [[Mali]] |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth date and age|1949|8|25|df=yes}} | aina = [[afro-pop]] | kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]] | miaka ya kazi = | ameshirikiana na = }} '''Salif Keïta''' (amezaliwa [[25 Agosti]] [[1949]]) ametambuliwa kimataifa kama mwimbaji wa muziki aina ya [[afro-pop]] na [[mtunzi]] kutoka [[Mali]]. Yeye ni mtu wa kipekee sio kwa sababu tu ya sifa zake kama ''Sauti ya dhahabu ya Afrika,'' lakini pia kwa sababu yeye ana [[uzeruzeru]] na ana ukoo moja ya mwanzilishi wa [[himaya]] ya [[Mali]], [[Sundiata Keita]]. Hii ilimaanisha kwamba urithi wake wa kifalme chini ya mfumo wa [[tabaka]] wa Mali, hakupaswa kamwe kuwa mwimbaji, ambayo ilikuwa ni jukumu la wengine. Keita alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Djoliba]]. Akatupwa na familia yake na jamii kwa sababu ya uzeruzeru wake, iliyochukuliwa kama ishara ya [[bahati mbaya]] katika utamaduni wa [[Mandinka]].<ref> [http://www.emimusicpub.com/worldwide/artist_profile/salif-keita_profile.html Profaili ya msanii - Salif Keita] {{Wayback|url=http://www.emimusicpub.com/worldwide/artist_profile/salif-keita_profile.html |date=20060324220243 }}</ref> Alitoka Djoliba kuelekea [[Bamako]] mwaka 1967, ambapo yeye alijiunga na bendi iliyodhaminiwa na serikali iitwayo [[Super Rail Band de Bamako]]. Mwaka 1973 Keita alijiunga na kundi, ''[[Les Ambassadeurs]]''. Keita na ''Les Ambassadeurs'' walikimbia kutoka nchini kwa sababu za rabsh za kisiasa nchini Mali wakati wa miaka ya 1970 hadi [[Abidjan]], [[Cote d'Ivoire]] na hatimaye walibadilisha jina la kundi lao kuwa les ''Les Ambassadeurs internationales.'' Sifa ya ''Les Ambassadeurs internationales'' ilivuma hadi wakajulikana kimataifa katika miaka ya 1970 na mwaka 1977 Keita alipokea ''Tuzo la Taifa'' kutoka rais wa [[Guinea]], [[Sékou Toure]]. Keita alihamia [[Paris]] mwaka 1984 ili kufikia watazamaji zaidi. Muziki wake huchanganya mitindo ya [[Afrika Magharibi]] iliyo na namna kutoka nchi za [[Ulaya]] na [[Amerika]], huku akidumisha [[mtindo]] wa jumla wa [[Kiislamu]]. Vyombo vya muziki ambavyo hupatikana kwa bendi yake ni kama [[balafon]], [[djembe]], [[gitaa]], [[koras]], [[viungo]], [[saksafoni]], na [[utayarishaji]]. Keita alipata mafanikio katika Ulaya kama mmoja wa nyota za Afrika katika dunia ya muziki, lakini kazi yake mara kwa mara nyingine ilikosolewa kwa sababu ya uzalishaji wake duni na kwa ajili ya namna isiyoeleweka. Hata hivyo, muda mfupi baada ya Milenia alirudi [[Bamako]] nchini Mali kuishi na kurekodi. Kazi yake ya kwanza baada ya kurejea nyumbani, ilikuwa ni ''Moffou'' mwaka 2002, iliyosifiwa kama albamu bora yake katika miaka mingi, na Keita alihamasishwa kujenga studio ya kurekodi katika Bamako, ambayo alitumia kuttayarisha albamu yake, ''M'Bemba'' hiyo, iliyotolewa mwezi Oktoba 2005. ==Diskografia== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Albamu za [[Salif Keita]] ! Albamu ! Mwaka ! Kampuni ya kurekodi |- | ''Seydou Bathili'' | 1982 | |- | [[Soro|''Soro'']] | 1987 | Mango |- | [[Ko-Yan|''Ko-Yan'']] | 1989 | Mango |- | [[Amina|''Amina'']] | 1991 | Mango |- | [[Hatima ya adimu maluuni|''Hatima ya adimu maluuni'']] | 1991 | PolyGram |- | [[69-80|''69-80'']] | 1994 | Sonodisc |- | [[Folon|''Folon'']] | 1995 | Mango |- | [[Rail Band|''Rail Band'']] | 1996 | Melodie |- | [[Seydou Bathili|''Seydou Bathili'']] | 1997 | Sonodisc |- | [[Papa|''Papa'']] | 1999 | Blue Note |- | [[Mama|''Mama'']] | 2000 | Capitol |- | [[The Best ya Salif Keita|''The Best ya Salif Keita'']] | 2001 | [[Wrasse Records]] |- | [[Sosie|''Sosie'']] | 2001 | Mellemfolkeligt |- | [[Moffou|''Moffou'']] | 2002 | Universal Jazz Ufaransa |- | [[The Best wa miaka ya mwanzo|''The Best wa miaka ya mwanzo'']] | 2002 | [[Wrasse Records]] |- | ''[[Chati kutoka Moffou]]'' | 2004 | Universal Jazz France |- | ''[[M'Bemba]]'' | 2005 | Universal Jazz France |- | [[The Lost Album|''The Lost Album'']] | 2006 | Cantos |- | ''La différence'' | 2009 | Emarcy |- | ''Talé'' | 2012 | Emarcy |- | ''Un autre blanc'' | 2018 | |} Makusanyiko mengi yanapatikana pia: <ref>[http://radioafrica.com.au/Discographies/Salif.html Salif Keita Discografia]</ref> <ref>Imekusanywa na Graeme Counsel, Radio Africa; ilipatikana 2009-04-20.</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{fr icon}} [http://salifkeita.artistes.universalmusic.fr/ Tovuti Rasmi ya Salif Keita] {{Wayback|url=http://salifkeita.artistes.universalmusic.fr/ |date=20070516110005 }} * [http://www.wrasserecords.com/Salif_Keita_7/biography.html Wrasse Records / Wasifu wa Salif] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wrasserecords.com/Salif_Keita_7/biography.html |date=20150529001049 }} * [http://www.afromix.org/html/musique/artistes/salif_keita/index.en.html Salif Keïta: Discografia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afromix.org/html/musique/artistes/salif_keita/index.en.html |date=20081202215811 }} * [http://www.rootsworld.com/rw/feature/keita2.html Opiyo Oloya mahojiano na Salif Keita] * [http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/93/Salif+Keita:+2006 Banning Eyre mahojiano na Salif Keita] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afropop.org/multi/interview/ID/93/Salif+Keita:+2006 |date=20110221155520 }} * [http://www.volubilis.net/festivals/vieillescharrues2003/vendredi/salif_keita_01.php Picha za Salif Keita ] {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{Salif Keita}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Keita, Salif}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Mali]] [[jamii:Walioathiriwa na uzeruzeru]] tk2fo4vxapvo82zl5vnc8icc628tktx 0 34292 1611487 1434995 2026-10-27T04:11:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox | jina la klabu= Ulinzi Stars| picha= [[Image:Ulinzi Stars.jpg|130px]]| Jina kamili= Ulinzi Stars| ground= [[Afraha Stadium]]<br>[[Nakuru]], [[Kenya]] | uwanja unaweza watu ngapi = 8,200| ligi= [[LigiKuuYaKenya]] | msimu= 2008 | pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=_blackshoulders|pattern_ra1=| leftarm1=ffffff|body1=ffffff|rightarm1=ffffff|shorts1=000000|socks1=ffffff| }} '''Ulinzi Stars''' ni klabu ya [[Kenya]] iliyo na makao yake katika [[mji]] wa [[Nakuru]]. == Historia == Ulinzi Stars ni klabu inayohusishwa na Jeshi la Kenya huku wachezaji wao wengi wakiwa wanajeshi. Wao hushindana katika ngazi ya juu ya ligi, [http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtumiaji:Kandyzo/LigiKuuYaKenya Ligi Kuu ya Kenya]. Timu hii imekuwa mabingwa wa Kenya mara tatu; mwaka wa 2003,wa 2004, na wa 2005 . Hii ilifanya kuwa timu ya tatu katika Ligi Kuu ya Kenya kuwa mabingwa kwa miaka mitatu mfululizo, baada ya AFC Leopards na Gör Mahia. Ulinzi Stars hucheza mechi zao katika Uwanja wa Afraha,[Nakuru]. Hapo zamani, makao ya klabu hiyo ilikuwa katika mji wa [Thika], lakini imehamia mji wa [Nakuru] tangu msimu wa 2004/05.Mechi zao zote za nyumbani wamekuwa wakicheza katika Uwanja wa Afraha, [Nakuru]. Ulinzi Stars pia ndio timu ya Jeshi La Kenya na wamehitimu kucheza katika Mashindano Ya Majeshi Duniani ya mwaka wa 2011. Mbali na kuwa na timu ya soka,walikuwa na timu ya mpira wa vikapu iliyoitwa Ulinzi Warriors.Ulinzi Warriors iliacha kucheza mwaka wa 2007 ingawa walikuwa Mabingwa watetezi katika ligi ya mpira wa vikapu.Timu hii ilikuwa imeshinda ligi hiyo ya mpira wa vikapu mara tano mfululizo.Palikuwepo pia na timu za raga na voliboli. == Utendaji katika mashindano ya CAF. == [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAF_Champions_League Ligi ya Mabingwa ya CAF] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAF_Champions_League_2004 2004]: Ilijitoa katika raundi ya kwanza == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230419012030/https://ken.worldfootball.net/teams/ulinzi-stars/10/#redirect Wachezaji wa Ulinzi] * [https://int.soccerway.com/teams/kenya/ulinzi-stars/13116/ SOCCERWAY] * [https://www.transfermarkt.com/ulinzi-stars-nakuru/alletransfers/verein/19624 Transfermarkt] * [https://globalsportsarchive.com/team/soccer/ulinzi-stars-fc/17114/ Globalsportsarchive] * [http://www.rsssf.com/tablesk/kenyachamp.html Kenya - Orodha ya Mabingwa] {{Kenyan Premier League}} {{Kenya-footyclub-stub}} [[Jamii:Vilabu Mpira vya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Nakuru]] 2mmkmx4dynxvfiowqx0y8q8qe6ttbd4 0 35417 1611554 1268612 2026-10-27T09:45:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MedalTableTop}} {{MedalSport | Men’s [[Wanariadha]]}} {{MedalCountry | {{KEN}} }} {{MedalCompetition|[[Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[1992 Summer Olympics|1992 Barcelona]]|[[Athletics at the 1992 Summer Olympics - Men's 800 metres|800 metres]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[All-Africa Games]]}} {{MedalGold |[[1991 All-Africa Games|1991 Cairo]]|[[Athletics at the 1991 All-Africa Games|800 metres]]}} {{MedalBottom}} '''William Kiptarus Tanui''' (alizaliwa 22 Februari [[1964]]) alikuwa [[riadha|mwanariadha]] wa [[Kenya]] ambaye alishinda [[nishani]] katika [[michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya mwaka 1992. ==Historia yake== Alizaliwa katika [[kaunti ya Nandi]] nchini Kenya. Alikuja kugundua talanta yake baada ya muda mrefu, wakati alishinda [[mbio]] za mita 1500 katika majaribio ya Kenya ya [[Mashindano ya Jumuia ya Madola]] mnamo 1989, lakini akaibuka wa sita katika mashindano hayo mnamo 1990 jijini [[Auckland, New Zealand]]. Mwaka huohuo, alishinda mbio za mita 800 katika Mashindano ya [[Afrika Mashariki]] jijini [[Cairo]]. Katika mashindano ya ndani ya Dunia jijini [[Seville]] mnamo 1991, Tanui alimaliza wa kwanza lakini ushindi huo ukafutwa kwa kutoka leni yake mapema. Alishinda mbio za mita 800 katika [[Michezo ya All-Africa]] ya 1991. Fursa yake kuu iliwadia wakati wa [[Mashindano ya Olimpiki ya 1992]] jijini [[Barcelona]]. Katika fainali ya shindano la mita 800 alishinda dhahabu huku akimaliza katika leni ya tatu na kumshinda mwenziwe [[Nixon Kiprotich]] kwa karibu. Hata hivyo alimaliza wa nane katika [[Mashindano ya IAAF]] ya 1003 jijini [[Stuttgart]] ambapo alimaliza wa saba. Pia alimaliza wa pili katika [[Kombe la Dunia la IAAF]], mbio za mita 800 mnamo 1992 na 1994<ref>gbrathletics.com: [http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/wp.htm IAAF WORLD CUP IN ATHLETICS]</ref>. ==Hatima ya kazi yake== Tanui alijishughulisha zaidi na mbio za mita 1500 kuliko zile za mita 800 katika siku za baadaye za kazi yake. Alimaliza wa tano katika mbio hizo wakati wa [[Mashindano ya Olimpiki ya 1996]] jijini [[Atlanta (Georgia)]]. Katika [[mashindano ya Ndani ya Dunia]], Tanui alimaliza wa tatu katika shindano la m 1500 jijini [[Paris]] mnamo 1997, na wa nne kule [[Maebashi, Gunma|Maebashi]] mnamo 1999. Sasa hivi Tanui hujitolea kwa Jamii ya Terik kuikuza miradi ya Michezo kwa machipukizi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190921215405/http://www.terik.org/ terik.org] *{{iaaf name|id=3699}} {{Marejeo}} {{Footer Olympic Champions 800 m Men}} {{Footer All-Africa Champions 800 m Men}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Tanui, William}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Kenya]] 7x6a4w6ypx5wbw5fpqql53wf6oj0l1x 14 36988 1611360 905089 2026-10-26T13:58:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{commons cat|Actors from Wales}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|F]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu nchi kwa nchi|Welisi]] lnr1ol7cn5xjnvjjqghozwup3kq44qw 14 38379 1611326 1103145 2026-10-26T13:37:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya kwa eneo|Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Nairobi|Watu]] in445nedllu9yz7x93v2yfyah58cz90 14 43244 1611343 1244282 2026-10-26T13:51:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|Musicians from Ireland}} [[jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|M]] 8we2jjfgvn8j3h19avj9sxy0gcs7uky 0 46050 1611508 1419337 2026-10-27T05:40:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611508 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|0|24|16|N|35|14|20|E|type:airport_region:KE|display=title}} {{Infobox Airport | name = Eldoret Airport | nativename = Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Eldoret | IATA = EDL | ICAO = HKEL | type = Public | owner = | operator = [[Kenya Airports Authority]] | city-served = [[Eldoret]], [[Kenya]] | location = | elevation-f = 6,838 | elevation-m = 2,116 | website = | metric-rwy = | r1-number = | r1-length-m = 3,500 | r1-length-f = 11,400 | r1-surface = Paved | footnotes = }} [[Picha: Main_lounge_at_Eldoret_International_Airport.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Eldoret]] '''Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Eldoret''' {{Airport codes|EDL|HKEL}} ni kiwanja cha ndege cha [[Eldoret]], mji katika [[Kenya]] Magharibi. ==Kampuni ya ndege na mwisho wa safari== <!-- Please use only independent sources. The airport and airline itself are not independent sources. --> ===Abiria=== {{Airport-dest-list | [[Fly540]] | [[Kisumu Airport|Kisumu]], [[Lodwar Airport|Lodwar]], [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]] | [[Jambojet]] | [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Moi|Mombasa]], [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]] | [[Kenya Airways]] | [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]] <ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Airways NS24 African Destinations Service Resumption |url=https://www.aeroroutes.com/eng/240308-kqns24af |website=Aeroroutes |access-date=8 March 2024}}</ref> | [[Skyward Express]] | [[Lodwar Airport|Lodwar]], [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Wilson (Kenya)|Nairobi–Wilson]] }} ===Mizigo=== {{Airport-dest-list | [[Astral Aviation]] | [[Uwanja wa ndege wa Kimataifa wa Jomo Kenyatta|Nairobi–Jomo Kenyatta]], [[Sharjah International Airport|Sharjah]] <ref>{{cite press release|title=Kenyan Cargo Airline, Astral Avition, begins flights to Sharjah|url=https://astral-aviation.com/kenyan-cargo-airline-astral-aviation-begins-flights-to-sharjah/|work=[[Astral Aviation]]|date=1 March 2021|access-date=2 August 2023|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418010522/https://astral-aviation.com/kenyan-cargo-airline-astral-aviation-begins-flights-to-sharjah/|archivedate=2025-04-18}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.logupdateafrica.com/astral-aviation-begins-sharjah-to-eldoret-service|title=Astral Aviation begins Sharjah to Eldoret service|work=Logistics Update Africa|date=17 March 2021|access-date=2 August 2023|language=en}}</ref> }} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121211031920/http://www.kenyaairports.co.ke/kaa/airports/eldoret Kenya Airports Authority - Eldoret International Airport] {{en}} [[Jamii:Viwanja vya ndege nchini Kenya]] [[Jamii:Eldoret]] k0gptw1s83xn0fa35fping6gjfjhymi 0 66445 1611448 1574414 2026-10-26T21:49:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:StefanIHongarije.jpeg|thumb|right|190px|Mt. Stefano wa Hungaria.]] '''Stefano I wa Hungaria''' (kwa [[Kihungaria]] '''István'''; kwa [[Kilatini]] '''Stephanus'''; [[Esztergom]], [[Hungaria]], [[967]] au [[969]] au [[975]] &ndash; Esztergom <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bgrg.sulinet.hu/tant/inf/verseny/Kecskemet/SAMANDOB/g44.htm |title=István halála |accessdate=2012-09-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212204014/http://www.bgrg.sulinet.hu/tant/inf/verseny/Kecskemet/SAMANDOB/g44.htm |archivedate=2009-02-12 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.esztergom.hu/files/DownloadFile?topic=esztergom\files.nsf&did=5554837333692F42C12573020035815A&filename=esztergom_delivarosresz_szabalyozasi_terv.pdf Esztergom.hu]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/04000/04092/html/ |title=Hankó Ildikó: Királyaink Tömegsírban |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305060242/http://mek.oszk.hu/04000/04092/html/ |archivedate=2016-03-05 |accessdate=2012-09-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> au [[Székesfehérvár]], [[15 Agosti]] [[1038]]) kabla [[ubatizo|hajabatizwa]] aliitwa '''Vajk''' na kuwa Mtawala mkuu wa Wahungaria ([[997]] – [[1000]]). [[Papa Silvester II|Papa Silvesta II]] alimfanya [[mfalme]] wa kwanza wa [[Hungaria]] (1000&ndash;[[1038]]). Hapo alieneza sana ufalme wake pamoja na [[Kanisa Katoliki]], akilipanga upya na kulipatia mali na [[monasteri]] ili kufanya wananchi wake, aliowatawala kwa [[haki]] na [[amani]], wajiunge nalo <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/28850</ref>. [[Papa Gregori VII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] pamoja na [[Mtoto|mwanae]], [[Emeriko wa Hungaria]] na [[Jeradi Sagredo]], [[uinjilishaji|mwinjilishaji]] wa nchi hiyo, [[tarehe]] [[20 Agosti]] [[1083]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[16 Agosti]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 289-291 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 282-283 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 245 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons}} *[http://www.cryingvoice.com/Christianity/HunIstvan.html Stephen I, the First Christian Hungarian King] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cryingvoice.com/Christianity/HunIstvan.html |date=20160122053500 }} (CryingVoice.com) *[http://english.mnb.hu/Engine.aspx?page=mnben_notes&ContentID=3325 His picture on the Hungarian 10,000 forint banknote] {{Wayback|url=http://english.mnb.hu/Engine.aspx?page=mnben_notes&ContentID=3325 |date=20100710053110 }} *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/889207.stm a BBC report on Saint Stephen's day celebrations in Hungary] *[http://videoactive.eu/VideoActive/VideoDetails.do?id=VA_NAVA20080225083519984&sw=&curitem=undefined&curpage=undefined Procession of the Holy Right Hand of St. Stephen on Videoactive]{{Wayback|url=http://videoactive.eu/VideoActive/VideoDetails.do?id=VA_NAVA20080225083519984&sw=&curitem=undefined&curpage=undefined |date=20110720173333 }} *{{CathEncy|wstitle=St. Stephen (2)}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 967]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1038]] [[Category:Wafalme wa Hungaria]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Hungaria]] 9573c42r7y7km7p6mxta1j8dbzrbxba 1611489 1611448 2026-10-27T04:23:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611489 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:StefanIHongarije.jpeg|thumb|right|190px|Mt. Stefano wa Hungaria.]] '''Stefano I wa Hungaria''' (kwa [[Kihungaria]] '''István'''; kwa [[Kilatini]] '''Stephanus'''; [[Esztergom]], [[Hungaria]], [[967]] au [[969]] au [[975]] &ndash; Esztergom <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bgrg.sulinet.hu/tant/inf/verseny/Kecskemet/SAMANDOB/g44.htm |title=István halála |accessdate=2012-09-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212204014/http://www.bgrg.sulinet.hu/tant/inf/verseny/Kecskemet/SAMANDOB/g44.htm |archivedate=2009-02-12 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.esztergom.hu/files/DownloadFile?topic=esztergom\files.nsf&did=5554837333692F42C12573020035815A&filename=esztergom_delivarosresz_szabalyozasi_terv.pdf Esztergom.hu]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/04000/04092/html/ |title=Hankó Ildikó: Királyaink Tömegsírban |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305060242/http://mek.oszk.hu/04000/04092/html/ |archivedate=2016-03-05 |accessdate=2012-09-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> au [[Székesfehérvár]], [[15 Agosti]] [[1038]]) kabla [[ubatizo|hajabatizwa]] aliitwa '''Vajk''' na kuwa Mtawala mkuu wa Wahungaria ([[997]] – [[1000]]). [[Papa Silvester II|Papa Silvesta II]] alimfanya [[mfalme]] wa kwanza wa [[Hungaria]] (1000&ndash;[[1038]]). Hapo alieneza sana ufalme wake pamoja na [[Kanisa Katoliki]], akilipanga upya na kulipatia mali na [[monasteri]] ili kufanya wananchi wake, aliowatawala kwa [[haki]] na [[amani]], wajiunge nalo <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/28850</ref>. [[Papa Gregori VII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] pamoja na [[Mtoto|mwanae]], [[Emeriko wa Hungaria]] na [[Jeradi Sagredo]], [[uinjilishaji|mwinjilishaji]] wa nchi hiyo, [[tarehe]] [[20 Agosti]] [[1083]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[16 Agosti]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Masomo ya Breviari - Sikukuu za Bwana, za Bikira Maria na za Watakatifu - Ndanda Mission Press 1978, uk 289-291 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 282-283 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 245 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons}} *[http://www.cryingvoice.com/Christianity/HunIstvan.html Stephen I, the First Christian Hungarian King] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cryingvoice.com/Christianity/HunIstvan.html |date=20160122053500 }} (CryingVoice.com) *[http://english.mnb.hu/Engine.aspx?page=mnben_notes&ContentID=3325 His picture on the Hungarian 10,000 forint banknote] {{Wayback|url=http://english.mnb.hu/Engine.aspx?page=mnben_notes&ContentID=3325 |date=20100710053110 }} *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/889207.stm a BBC report on Saint Stephen's day celebrations in Hungary] *[http://videoactive.eu/VideoActive/VideoDetails.do?id=VA_NAVA20080225083519984&sw=&curitem=undefined&curpage=undefined Procession of the Holy Right Hand of St. Stephen on Videoactive]{{Wayback|url=http://videoactive.eu/VideoActive/VideoDetails.do?id=VA_NAVA20080225083519984&sw=&curitem=undefined&curpage=undefined |date=20110720173333 }} *{{CathEncy|wstitle=St. Stephen (2)}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 967]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1038]] [[Category:Wafalme wa Hungaria]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Hungaria]] 24vpafwg6n837cwodax8r3skcu2byxg 14 71191 1611325 1209786 2026-10-26T13:37:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commonscat|People of Mombasa}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya kwa eneo|Mombasa]] [[Jamii:Mombasa|Watu]] 9n7umw757dlrenvks63brroghn9x67n 14 72663 1611366 1036680 2026-10-26T14:00:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|T]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu Wakristo|W]] 6maig9yu6xsi4cv321bmygivx35wjey 14 85941 1611339 1308621 2026-10-26T13:50:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|A]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa anga]] 1agexzz7imglplnmdtm2nva9i52i409 3 89634 1611435 1609931 2026-10-26T18:57:06Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Tech News: 2026-44 */ mjadala mpya 1611435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{karibu}} == Ukurasa wa Mathias E. Mnyampala == Habari, nimesahihisha ukurasa kama ulivyouliza. Nimeona bora kufuta matini yanayolingana na tafsiri ya kompyuta. Ni kweli nimejaribu kuongeza ukurasa huo wa Kiswahili kwa kutumia matini ya ukurasa wa Kiingereza ulio mrefu zaidi. Kama haipendezi basi ! Wassalaam ! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Goma999|Goma999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Goma999|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 3 Januari 2024 (UTC) Goma999 == Mambo yako! == Salaam teeele!<br> Pole na shida zangu,.<br> Nimeona nikusalimu bwana Injinia!<br> --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 19:32, 19 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Ahahah asante kwa shida zako == Salam..mimi mzima kabisa hofu kwako '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 20 Mei 2018 (UTC) == Salam.. == Salam zako zimenifikia nikia nimejaa teleee Kwako vipi khariii '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|oba21.on]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:20, 5 Oktoba 2018 (UTC) == MAMBO YANGU == salam zimenifikia, zimetufikia, tumesalimika. shida zetu ndio zinakupa shida pole sana. nikutakie ujenzi mwema wa jamii yako. asante! ==[[Watu wazima]]== HAbari, naona makala hii. TAfadhali ukumbuke makala za wikipedia si vyanzo au marejeo yanayokubalika. Hakuna tatizo ukichukua habari zako pale enwiki pamoja na marejeo yanayotajwa pale. Lakini hatuwezi kutaja makala ya wikipedia kama chanzo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:52, 7 Desemba 2019 (UTC) ==Tangazo== Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>Mimi ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation HAPA]<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo Wa Kimataifa Wa Mwenendo Na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuainisha vitu vya msingi vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) wa Wikipedia na pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana kwenye Wikipedia au ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kukithiri kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia kukumbana kufanyiwa unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Hivyo, wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo Hapa]na baada ya kuusoma mwongozo huo unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 15 April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Dar es Salaam ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla na miradi waliyoitekeleza tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi '''[[Mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|AMtavangu (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AMtavangu (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 22:47, 5 Aprili 2020 (UTC) == Mwaliko wa kutoa maoni yako kuhusu ''Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu'' == Habari ndugu Mwanawikipedia!<br><br>[[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mimi]] ni mwezeshaji wa mradi uitwao [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Ni mradi mchanga/mpya ambao Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation linanuia kuuanzisha endapo wadau wataona ni mradi unaofaa na kuunga mkono wazo hilo. Nakukaribisha usome mwongozo huo na kisha utoe maoni yako kwa kujibu maswali yote au baadhi yake kwa yale utakayopenda kuyatolea maoni [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation ''HAPA'']<br><br>'''<big>Taarifa zaidi kuhusu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Nidhamu na Mwenendo</big>'''<br><br> Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation lina mpango wa kuanzisha [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)&article_action=watch#Utangulizi_kuhusu_Mwongozo_Wa_Kimataifa_Wa_Nidhamu_Na_Maadili Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili]. Lengo la mwongozo huo ni kujaribu kuoanisha vitu vya msingi vya kimwongozo vinavyopatikana katika miongozo midogo midogo iliyopo tayari katika kila jamii husika (mfano katika Jumuiya yetu hii ya wahariri wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili). Lengo hasa la mwongozo huu ni kujaribu kutengeneza mazingira ambayo wanawikipedia wote duniani watakuwa na uelewa wa pamoja juu ya vitu vya msingi kuhusu nini kinakubalika na kipi hakikubaliki wakati wa uchangiaji (uhariri) au utumiaji wa Wikipedia, na pia pale wanawikipedia wanapowasiliana ndani ya tovuti ya Wikipedia yenyewe au wanapokutana ana kwa ana katika warsha na mikutano mbalimbali ya Wanawikipedia. Wazo hilo limekuja baada kutokea kwa baadhi ya matukio kwa baadhi ya Wanawikimedia anbapo katika tafiti iliyofanywa mwaka 2015 , ilionekana baadhi ya Wanawikimedia walikuwa wakikumbana na unyanyasaji wa kitabia (mfano matusi, kuitana majina yasiyofaa, kutishiana n.k) na Wanawikimedia wenzao, hivyo kuwakatisha tamaa ya kuendelea kuchangia katika miradi ya Wikimedia.Wewe kama mdau muhimu katika miradi ya Wikimedia Foundation, unakaribishwa ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct) soma zaidi kuhusu mwongozo huo]na unaweza ku [https://sw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majadiliano_ya_Wikipedia:Mwongozo_wa_Kimataifa_wa_Mwenendo_na_Maadili_(Universal_Code_of_Conduct)#Maswali_ya_Wikimedia_Foundation toa maoni yako Hapa kabla ya tar 29th April 2020.]<br><br>'''<big>Mwaliko wa kujiunga na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia</big>''' <br><br> Nakukaribisha ujiunge na kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia kutoka Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) ili tuweze kujadiliana na kubadilishana mawazo, uzoefu na mambo kadha wa kadha kuhusu Uhariri wa Wikipedia na miradi mingine yake ya Wikimedia Foundation. Iwapo utapenda kujiunga, usisite kuwasiliana nasi kupitia '''wikitzagroup@gmail.com''', na kwa taarifa zaidi kuhusu kundi la Wahariri wa Wikipedia wa hapa Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa ujumla kuhusu miradi waliyoifanya tayari, unaweza tembelea hapa ukurasa wao wa meta uitwao [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Community_User_Group_Tanzania Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania] au pia katika Facebook kwa jila la [https://www.facebook.com/Wikimediatz/ Wikimedia Tanzania].<br><br> Ndimi [[User:AMtavangu (WMF)|Mtavangu]]19:09, 18 Aprili 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:AMtavangu (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:AMtavangu_(WMF)/Massmessaging_test&oldid=19994514 --> == Uteuzi kuwa mkabidhi == Salaam! Ulipendekezwa na kukubaliwa kupata haki za mkabidhi. Je, uko tayari kupokea uteuzi huu na kushiriki katika kazi mara kwa mara kama jinsi ilivyoelezwa katika ukurasa wa wakabidhi? Tunaomba jibu lako kwa baruapepe katika wiki hii. Tumia zana za Wikipedia kutuma barua pepe. --[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{''''Muddyb Mwanaharakati''''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic Sans MS">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^{''''Longa''''}</font>]] 07:45, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) Ujumbe wako umenipata vema kabisa nita jibu mara tuu nikiwa naweza kufikia kompyuta yangu '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:15, 13 Septemba 2020 (UTC) ==Kukaribisha watumiaji wapya== Ndugu, hongera kwa kuanza kazi, ila kigezo cha kumkaribisha mtu kinatakiwa katika ukurasa wake wa mawasiliano, si ule wa mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) Asante Ndugu, nitazingatia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:35, 3 Oktoba 2020 (UTC) == [[Salzburg]] [[Austria]] [[Vienna]] == Hey Bro, thank you for helping to work at the article of Salzburg. If you want we could work together at some more articles about Austria in the Kiswahili languaged Wikipedia. I am learning Kiswahili right now Bro but I am still in the starter level, unfortunately, because I do not have a lot of possobilities to learn Kiswahili in Austria, but I know Austria very well and we could work together, I have knowledge about the country, you have language knowdledge Kiswahili. Have you been to Austria yet? Or was it a just random that you have found the article Salzburg? Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 16:29, 28 Novemba 2020 (UTC) Hello Alex, i would like to work together since its now my responsibility to make sure what comes into swahili wikipedia it is in a means that it suit swahili comunity and others as well, I have never been in Austria but till now i do have bunch of friends from there who are striving in swahili language like you. I would like to say that now you have an oppotunity to learn Swahili language as you wishe. Karibu sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:08, 29 Novemba 2020 (UTC) * Hey, sorry for a slow resonse. I d like to crate or work on some more Kiswahili Wikipedia articles about european countries, states, cities, transport and so on. I would do this about topics that I know, translate by Google, than you could check for grammar typos because google translations don t work out well many times and so we could do it together? Can you send me an e mail directly please to alexvie111987@gmail.com ? Than you can reach me sooner and easier and we could discuss about Kiswahili Wikipedia Articels? * And by the way if you know some Kiswahili native speakers in Vienna, Frankfurt or Hamburg would you help me to find somebody for language exchange Kiswahili - German, German - Kiswahili? I have started learning Kiswahili at the adult education center, but because of Covid19, any lessons have been cancelled and I am so unhappy because I wanna learn Kiswahili but I cant :( Alex [[Maalum:Michango/84.174.183.93|84.174.183.93]] 01:47, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Again hello Alex, thank you for leaving a contact for me i wall contact you soon. thank you '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:26, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Tuzo la uhariri== [[Image:Original Barnstar Hires.png|100px|right]] Ninakukabidhi '''Tuzo ya Uhariri ya Wikipedia''' kwa juhudi zako za kutupatia orodha ya Wabunge wa Tanzania wa 2020! '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 17:58, 7 Desemba 2020 (UTC) . Asante sana Ngugu Kipala, na mimi naipokea kwa heshima kubwa na tahadhima, na naahidi kuendeleza juhudi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:29, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Matangazo ya Kivietnam== Ulimwandikia [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tylekeoso]] salamu nzuri. Alijaza ukurasa wake kwa matini ya Kivietnam. Hao tumeshaona mara nyingi. Unaweza kuweka yaliyomo katika google translate Kivietnam-Kiingereza utaona ni matangazo ya kibiashara tu. Riccardo na mimi tumezoea kufuta kurasa hizi moja kwa moja na kuzuia akaunti za wachangiaji. Hao si watu waliokosa kupeleka habari kwetu; nadhani ni programu zinazotafuta nafasi kwenye intaneti kusambaza matangazo ya kibiashara. Sijafuatalia sijui kama programu zimewekwa hasa kutushambulia sisi lakini nahisi wanajaribu kote duniani. Kwa hiyo usisite kufuta na kubana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) .Asante kwataarifa, binafsi nilifikiri ni mtumiaji tuu mwenzetu maana nimeona amekaribishwa vizuri kabisa. .Sambamba na hilo kuna huyu mtumiaji anaitwa Alex kutoka Autria nimeona makala zake chache anatumia google translator moja kwa moja nakupakia matini kwenye swwiki nilivo mfuatilia anasema anajifunza kiswahili, sasa nafikiri kumtafutia mbadala wa kukutana na wewe inawezekana? '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:52, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ::Alex gani? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 12:50, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ːːHana username ila anahalili sana miji ya Austria na ujerumani alihalili makala hii [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzburg hapa]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:57, 8 Desemba 2020 (UTC) ==Salamu za Karibu== Habari naona umeweka salamu ya karibu kwenye ukurasa wa [[Wapangwa Watu Weupe (Vipindi vya Runinga)‎]] ambayo si ukurasa wa mtumiaji. Nadhani ulikuwa umechoka, Tuelewane sanduku hilo linaingia pekee kurasa za majidiliano ya watumiaji, si makala. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kipala|Kipala]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kipala|majadiliano]])''' 06:49, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) Asante, '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:58, 14 Desemba 2020 (UTC) == Reminder to sign the confidentiality agreement == Hi, as outlined in [[:m:Stewards/Elections_2021/Guidelines#Sign_the_confidentiality_agreement|the guidelines for the Steward Election]], all candidates must sign the [[:m:Access to nonpublic personal data policy|confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] before 5 February, or you will be disqualified. For instructions, see [[:m:Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information/How to sign]]. Best, '''[[Mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|Tks4Fish]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Tks4Fish|majadiliano]])''' 18:37, 1 Februari 2021 (UTC) == How we will see unregistered users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin=content/> Hi! You get this message because you are an admin on a Wikimedia wiki. When someone edits a Wikimedia wiki without being logged in today, we show their IP address. As you may already know, we will not be able to do this in the future. This is a decision by the Wikimedia Foundation Legal department, because norms and regulations for privacy online have changed. Instead of the IP we will show a masked identity. You as an admin '''will still be able to access the IP'''. There will also be a new user right for those who need to see the full IPs of unregistered users to fight vandalism, harassment and spam without being admins. Patrollers will also see part of the IP even without this user right. We are also working on [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Improving tools|better tools]] to help. If you have not seen it before, you can [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|read more on Meta]]. If you want to make sure you don’t miss technical changes on the Wikimedia wikis, you can [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe]] to [[m:Tech/News|the weekly technical newsletter]]. We have [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#IP Masking Implementation Approaches (FAQ)|two suggested ways]] this identity could work. '''We would appreciate your feedback''' on which way you think would work best for you and your wiki, now and in the future. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|let us know on the talk page]]. You can write in your language. The suggestions were posted in October and we will decide after 17 January. Thank you. /[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]<section end=content/> </div> 18:19, 4 Januari 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Admins2022(7)&oldid=22532681 --> ==[[Laverne cox]]== Naomba uifute. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 11 Februari 2022 (UTC) Nimefuta --'''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' == Have you voted in the UCoC enforcement guidelines ratification? == Hi! {{ping|User:Olimasy}} The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]]. Please vote and encourage other editors of Swahili Wikipedia to also vote. Regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zuz (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 11 Machi 2022 (UTC) == Event Registration Tool: Demo and Invitation to Test == Hello Subscribers! [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''The Campaigns Product  Team''']] from the Wikimedia Foundation will be hosting two office hours to  demo the new [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], and train organizers how to  use it. In these office hours, you will learn how to: * Create an event page in the new event namespace (as an event organizer) * Enable registration on your event page (as an event organizer) * Collect data on who registered for your event (as an event organizer) * Register for an event on the event page (as an event participant) You can attend one office hour or both, depending on your availability on the following dates: * Session 1: '''Thursday, July 21, 2022 at 5:00 PM UTC''' * Session 2: '''Saturday, July 23, 2022 at 12:00 PM UTC''' These events will be multilingual, with live interpretations in '''Arabic''', '''English''', '''French''', '''Italian''', and '''Portuguese''', and '''Swahili'''. Note that Portuguese will be available on the 21st, but not the 23rd. We strongly encourage you to join and share your feedback on the tool. Your feedback will help us improve the tool so that Wikimedians can have a better event experience. To register, please reply to this email or [[metawiki:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 07|'''''sign-up to our page''''']], by adding your signature. Thank you! <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|IBrazal (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:IBrazal (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 06:13, 18 Julai 2022 (UTC) == Campaign Product Team Office Hour - July 21, 2022 == Hello '''Campaign Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] will be having an office hour today, '''July 21, 2022 at 17:00 UTC''' via '''Zoom''' to demo the first release of the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']]. You may join the office hour using this [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/83538569035 '''meeting link''']. We look forward to your participation. Thank you. Best, The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|'''Campaign Product Team''']] '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:46, 21 Julai 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23512297 --> == Campaigns Product Update #4 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! We are excited to share our updates: *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Event Registration v0'''</div> :We have successfully launched '''Event Registration tool V0''' on beta cluster and collected feedback from the first batch of testers. This tool is part of a more comprehensive organizing solution, the '''Event Center''', which hopes to support movement organizers. Through this registration solution, organizers can collect useful data on campaign participants and their needs while respecting participant privacy. :'''Testing update'''. In our first round of feedback collection, testers were composed of different types of organizers around the movement with a language focus on Arabic, French, English, and Swahili communities. Most of the testers successfully created their test event registrations and signed up for a test event registration created by other organizers. '''''Simple''''', '''''easy to use''''', and '''''aids in managing event participants''''' were the common feedback we received from first-time users. In contrast, access and proper localization of the tool were the points for improvement identified. We are working on V1, which will include '''communication support''' and integration with the [https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/ '''Programs and Event Dashboard''']. This will be released on Meta-Wiki soon. We hope to address accessibility during this launch and improve localization problems once the tool has been deployed in local wikiprojects. :[https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Main_Page ''The tool is still available for testing on the beta cluster'']. Feel free to leave feedback on our project talk page or this [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe53MNV9CKVBAF3SV2q97baufizH7b_2QJ47H1w0Upvoh4QFQ/viewform form]. *<div style = "text-align:left; color: #192980; font-size: 1em;>'''Organizer Lab'''</div> Looking for a way to learn how to effectively organize around sustainability? Join the beta version of the Organizer Lab on WikiLearn to understand how to effectively organize a global campaign around sustainability and climate change! Applications are open from '''September 22 - October 19, 2022'''. The Organizer Lab will be a '''9-week online learning experience from the end of October until mid December''' that prepares participants to obtain knowledge about the topics that they wish to create, a call to action for strategic knowledge gaps, as well as more generalized Wikimedia organizing and campaign/event design skills. :[[m:Campaigns/Organizer_Lab|'''Read more about the program''']]! <br> '''What's Next''': *'''Organizer Lab Information Session'''. We invite you to join our information session for the Organizer Lab on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1664546421 '''September 30, 2022 at 14:00 UTC'''] via '''Zoom'''. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89032870014 ''Join this session!'']<br> *'''Organizer User Rights'''. We are reaching out to a pool of administrators from Arabic, French and Swahili communities to collect feedback on what is the best way to define organizer user rights, what privileges to give to community organizers, and what are the limitations of these privileges. Feel free to reach out to our [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|product ambassadors]] or send an email to '''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org''' if you are interested to be part of these conversations. <br> ---- '''Community Feedback''': <center>''"Participants have been always asking the organizers are asked by participants whether they are registered, now participants will just look directly if they are registered, Thank you for creating the system"'' <br> - French Organizer <br><br> ''“I think that the platform will facilitate the process of promoting events and searching for participants”''<br> - Arabic Organizer </center><br> ---- <br> Thank you! '''The Campaigns Product Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 06:30, 21 Septemba 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=23684552 --> == Campaigns Product Team Office Hour - December 2022 == Hello '''Campaigns Product Newsletter''' subscribers! The [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team|Wikimedia Foundation Campaigns Team]] invites you to join our upcoming office hours. In each session, we will introduce V1 of [[m:Event Center/Registration|'''Event Registration Tool''']], so you can begin '''using it for real events on Meta-wiki'''. <br> In V1, the following new features will be includedː * Support for the organizer to specify an event timezone * Automatic confirmation emails after participants have registered * Private registration: the option for participants to register and only display their registered username to organizers of the event and we will teach you how you can use it yourself. <br> <u>'''Office Hour Sessions''':</u> * '''1st Session''': '''December 5, 2022''' @ '''18:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] * '''2nd Session''': '''December 10, 2022''' @ '''12:00 UTC''' via [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/87853269514 Zoom] :[[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''''Join us and share your thoughts on these developments!''''']] <br> These office hours will be multilingual, with live interpretations in Arabic, English, French, and Swahili. Email us @ ''ibrazal-ctr@wikimedia.org'' or [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Programs Team/Office Hours/2022 12|'''sign-up here''']] if you want to receive a reminder for this meeting. <br><br> Thank you. '''The Campaigns Product Team''' <!-- Message sent by User:IBrazal (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=24091515 --> == Organizer Tools Office Hours & Event Discovery Project == ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/fr|Lire ce message en français]])'''; ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/es|Ver este mensaje en español]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/sw|Angalia ujumbe huu kwa Kiswahili]]'''); ('''[[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Update 5/ar|إقرأ هذه الرسالة بالعربي]]''') <small> {{int:please-translate}} </small>. [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team|The Campaigns team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation has some updates to share with you, which are: We invite you to attend our upcoming community office hours to learn about organizer tools, including the [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration|Event registration tool]] (which has [[m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Registration#September 18, 2023: October office hours & upcoming features|new and upcoming features]]). '''The office hours are on the following dates, and you can join one or both of them:''' *'''Saturday, October 7 at 12:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session A|Register here]]''') **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Swahili *'''Tuesday, October 10 at 18:00 UTC''' ('''[[m:Event:Organizer Tools Office Hour 5/Session B|Register here]]'''). **Languages available: Arabic, English, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Swahili '''We have launched a new project: [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|Event Discovery]]'''. This project aims to make it easier for editors to learn about campaign events. '''We need your help to understand how you would like to discover events on the wikis, so that we can create a useful solution. Please share your feedback on our [[m:Talk:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event Discovery|project talk page]]'''. ; Thank you, and we hope to see you at the upcoming office hours! [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:54, 24 Septemba 2023 (UTC) <small>You are receiving this message because you subscribed to this [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Subscribers|list]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:EUwandu-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Subscribers&oldid=25632558 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is available for translation. 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Huu ni ukumbusho kwamba kipindi cha kupiga kura kwa Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) kitamalizika tarehe 9 Mei 2024. Soma maelezo kwenye [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|ukurasa wa kupiga kura kwenye Meta- wiki]] ili kupata maelezo zaidi kuhusu upigaji kura na ustahiki wa mpiga kura. Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C) ni kikundi cha kimataifa kilichojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Wanajamii walialikwa kutuma maombi yao kwa U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, tafadhali [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|pitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe wanajumuiya wenzako ili nao waweze kushiriki. 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You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+and+Libraries+User+Group%2FMission+and+goals&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:20, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024|Wiki Loves Women/SheSaid/SheSaid 2024]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Women%2FSheSaid%2FSheSaid+2024&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 09:56, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WMDE+Technical+Wishes%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The sub-referencing feature is planned to be implemented until the end of 2024 on various wikis. Therefore, it would be great to have information about the feature ready in multiple languages.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 20:36, 8 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing|User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)/Sub-referencing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AJohannes+Richter+%28WMDE%29%2FSub-referencing&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2024-08-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear translators, Wikimedia Deutschland is currently developing a new feature for referencing ([[WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-references]]). Development will still take a while, but we'll send an announcement to the global communities soon, in order to let them know in advance and ask for feedback. Thanks for helping us translate this mass message!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:01, 9 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannnes89@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:What Meta is not == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:What Meta is not|Meta:What Meta is not]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AWhat+Meta+is+not&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Meta-Wiki guideline page</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 14:03, 15 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MrBenjo@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity) == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)|Meta:Administrators/Removal (inactivity)]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3AAdministrators%2FRemoval+%28inactivity%29&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:37, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Blue button == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Blue button|Template:Blue button]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ABlue+button&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 10:12, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:User groups == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:User groups|Template:User groups]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AUser+groups&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 11:59, 18 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Guideline == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Guideline|Template:Guideline]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AGuideline&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 01:32, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Keeping events safe == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Keeping events safe|Keeping events safe]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Keeping+events+safe&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 03:18, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety|Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation%2FLegal%2FCommunity+Resilience+and+Sustainability%2FTrust+and+Safety&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 05:39, 19 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Argentina == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili na Kiingereza on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Argentina|Wikimedia Argentina]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Argentina&language=en&action=page translate to Kiingereza] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 07:09, 20 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Amical Wikimedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Amical Wikimedia|Amical Wikimedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Amical+Wikimedia&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 04:59, 22 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 02:29, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: WikiGap == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:WikiGap|WikiGap]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-WikiGap&language=sw&action=page translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 06:27, 23 Agosti 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Steward requests/Global/block-header == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Steward requests/Global/block-header|Steward requests/Global/block-header]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Steward+requests%2FGlobal%2Fblock-header&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Contains information on how to appeal global blocks.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators&lrm;, 12:50, 25 Septemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Changing username == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Changing username|Changing username]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Changing+username&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 10:49, 27 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wiktionary == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiktionary|Wiktionary]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiktionary&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 11:52, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure|Ombuds commission/2019/CU Global Procedure on information disclosure]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Ombuds+commission%2F2019%2FCU+Global+Procedure+on+information+disclosure&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 12:29, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MdsShakil@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Deoband Community Wikimedia/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Deoband Community Wikimedia/News|Deoband Community Wikimedia/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Deoband+Community+Wikimedia%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 17:33, 27 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Aafi (DCW)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Template:Policy-cross-project == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Policy-cross-project|Template:Policy-cross-project]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3APolicy-cross-project&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 09:12, 30 Desemba 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs|Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product & Technology OKRs]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wikimedia+Foundation+Annual+Plan%2F2024-2025%2FProduct+%26+Technology+OKRs&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 08:07, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> == Translation notification: Help:Unified login == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Unified login|Help:Unified login]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AUnified+login&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 06:05, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 23:50, 3 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Tech/News == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News|Tech/News]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FNews&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 01:30, 13 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2F2025%2FVoter+information&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-25. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">--- Hello, and thank you for the work you do. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate We request you also translate these two sentences.]''' There are more details below. There is an ongoing community vote - the voter information is in the page linked for translation above. We would appreciate your help to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCoC_AR_2025_cookie&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;action=translate translate the two sentence CentralNotice banner], as a priority. If you can also translate the voter information page, I know the folks working on this - including the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) group - would be highly appreciative. ~ In cooperation with the U4C</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:30, 23 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing|User:Keegan (WMF)/EGCharter closing]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FEGCharter+closing&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-04-29. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">If you have some time to translate this message that will be sent to the communities prior to the close of the vote, it would be of great benefit.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:18, 26 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Call for candidates]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025%2FCall+for+candidates&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2025-05-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">I'm sorry for the short notice, details for the election came together at the last minute.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 18:53, 14 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the information page of 2025 U4C election. Please help with translation; your contributions will be greatly appreciated.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 15:09, 19 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716] [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] ("{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}"). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121] * Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492] * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]]. * Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named <code dir=ltr>pageImage</code> and <code dir=ltr>pageAssessments</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:17, 10 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28846858 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:39, 16 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964] '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001] * Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519] * A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates] * The <code dir=ltr>all_links</code> variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to <code dir=ltr>new_links</code> for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the "Add a Link" Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:21, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28870688 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599] * Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's "Find in page" function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special "favourite list". The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:41, 30 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28917415 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts. '''Updates for editors''' * Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]]. * Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22] * Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]]. * Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726] * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]]. * It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of "Connecting People through Linked Open Data". '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:06, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28930584 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:10, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=28980963 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=fi#/ ... More]" category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new "{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}" filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257] * Administrators can now limit "Add a Link" to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|"Add a Link"]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test & "Add a Link" Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 & 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from <code dir=ltr>beta.wmflabs.org</code> to <code dir=ltr>beta.wmcloud.org</code>. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:43, 21 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29005283 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598] * On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp</code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:27, 29 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29051727 --> == Translation notification: Incident Reporting System == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta. The page [[:metawikipedia:Incident Reporting System|Incident Reporting System]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Incident+Reporting+System&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta translation coordinators‎, 03:53, 2 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439] * Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035] * Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account</code> and use a value defined in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Ipboptions</code>. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Gadgets can now include <code dir=ltr>.vue</code> files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099] * Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918] * Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task. * Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the "no camera" icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as: ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience] ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 03:41, 5 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29083927 --> == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 08:01, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]]. * The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an "X" to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other "X" button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944] * Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for "Group results by page" on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of "One common data source, multiple local wikis". Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons] * Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the <code dir=ltr>mw.addWarning()</code> function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:30, 11 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29106516 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the "[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to "Thank" individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849] * An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716] * An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227] * Five new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|<code>s:tl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|<code>s:mad:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|<code>w:rki:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|<code>b:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|<code>wikt:zgh:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:39, 19 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29127690 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: <code>width: fit-content</code>; <code>ruby-align</code>; relative units such as <code>lh</code>; and custom strings in <code>list-style-type</code>. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619] * On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455] * Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240] * Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|<code>wikt:bew:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. <code>rc_new</code> and <code>rc_type</code> are being removed in favor of <code>rc_source</code>. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use <code>rc_source</code> instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:13, 26 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29175124 --> == Translation notification: Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025|Template:Affiliate recognition pause notice 2025]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffiliate+recognition+pause+notice+2025&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 15:33, 30 Agosti 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:51, 1 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29196010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]]. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577] * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like <code dir=ltr>en.wikipedia.org</code>), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an "m" domain (like <code dir=ltr>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the "Desktop view" opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] * Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698] * Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:15, 9 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29238161 --> == Translation notification: Meta:Deletion policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Meta:Deletion policy|Meta:Deletion policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Meta%3ADeletion+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 07:07, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * References lists that are made using the <code dir=ltr><nowiki><references/></nowiki></code> [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941] * Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]]. * Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including: ** for the <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (<code dir=ltr>^</code>) and end-of-line (<code dir=ltr>$</code>) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599] ** for both <code dir=ltr>intitle:</code> and <code dir=ltr>insource:</code> keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (<code dir=ltr>\d</code>), whitespace (<code dir=ltr>\s</code>), and word characters (<code dir=ltr>\w</code>); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (<code dir=ltr>\r</code>), newline (<code dir=ltr>\n</code>), tab (<code dir=ltr>\t</code>), and unicode (e.g. <code dir=ltr>\uHHHH</code>). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212] * When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]]. * Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288] * The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets. * Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. * A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot). * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:08, 15 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29263921 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:56, 22 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29305556 --> == Translation notification: Wikimedia Foundation website == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. 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Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 05:47, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 29 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29355230 --> ==Rangi nyekundu== Ndugu, usiogope rangi hiyo: inachochea utungaji wa makala na jamii mpya, kama hiyo ya wanasayansi wa Masedonia Kaskazini. Siku yoyote mimi au mwingine ataianzisha na mhusika ataonekana mara moja. Lakini ukiondoa jamii nyekundu, hata tukianzisha jamii hiyo mhusika huyo hatakumbukwa! Mimi nabana matumizi ya muda kwa kuanzisha mfululizo jamii nyingi zinazofanana, si mojamoja. Nadhani umenielewa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 5 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects. '''Updates for editors''' * Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like <code>en.wikipedia.org</code>), instead of via a redirect to an "m" domain (like <code>en.m.wikipedia.org</code>). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the "Desktop view" opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998] * New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], <code dir=ltr>creationdate:</code> and <code dir=ltr>lasteditdate:</code>, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. <code dir=ltr>>2024</code>) and relative dates (e.g. <code dir=ltr>today-1d</code>), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593] * [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402] * An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The field <code dir=ltr>rev_sha1</code> in the revision database table is being removed in favor of <code dir=ltr>content_sha1</code> in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the <code>rest.php</code> path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W41"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:24, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29400897 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. '''Updates for editors''' * Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579] * This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095] * Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:00, 13 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29434481 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the <code dir=ltr><nowiki>rest.php</nowiki></code> route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. * Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:37, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29478670 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]]. * Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]]. * The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/] * Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures. * A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]]. * Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 27 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29513638 --> == Translation notification: Template:AffCom == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:AffCom|Template:AffCom]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3AAffCom&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 04:55, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-45</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W45"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958] * For users with "{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools "{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}" or "{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}" widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778] * Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861] * Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628] * Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as "Get shortened URL". There are 30 wikis that also install an older "ShortUrl" extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means <code>/s/</code> URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML <code dir=ltr>class="title-shortlink"</code>. The <code>/s/</code> URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188] * On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board. * MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W45"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 3 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29552512 --> == Translation notification: Template:Cat main == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Template:Cat main|Template:Cat main]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Template%3ACat+main&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 06:12, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 10 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29606150 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November. * Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]]. * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|<code>s:min:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''"Report Visual Bug"'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. * Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">hackathon@wikimedia.org</bdi>. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:26, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29627455 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-48</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W48"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the "DWIM" (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''<span lang="und" dir="ltr">cxfcnmt</span>'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''<span lang="ru" dir="ltr">счастье</span>'' ("happiness") that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734] * Later this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the "{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}" preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for <code dir=ltr>format=xml'''&xlst={stylesheet}'''</code> will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/] * The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (<span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Main graph or <span dir=ltr><nowiki>https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/</nowiki></span> - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W48"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:57, 24 Novemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29702226 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-49</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W49"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]]. * The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|<code>w:tok:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|<code>q:pcm:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W49"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:58, 1 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29732328 --> == Translation notification: Help:Two-factor authentication == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Help:Two-factor authentication|Help:Two-factor authentication]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3ATwo-factor+authentication&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 03:09, 6 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-50</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W50"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions. '''Updates for editors''' * Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. * Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either <bdi lang="ka-Latn" dir="ltr">''bedniereba''</bdi> or <bdi lang="ka-Cyrl" dir="ltr">''бедниереба''</bdi> will now suggest the existing article about <bdi lang="ka" dir="ltr">ბედნიერება</bdi> ("happiness"). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development. * Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new "Edit full page" button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project. * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025. * A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting this week, users of the "{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711] * Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/] * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W50"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:46, 8 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29738112 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-51</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W51"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the <code dir=ltr>externallinks</code> table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W51"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 15 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29796010 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-52</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W52"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324] * The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping "First Steps" in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute <code dir=ltr>data-mw="interface"</code> to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with <code dir=ltr>data-mw-interface=""</code>, to avoid potential conflicts with other <code dir=ltr>data-mw</code> attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week. '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W52"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:45, 22 Desemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29831856 --> == Kufutwa kwa Jamii:User tok-1 == Habari. Naomba kufahamu kwa nini [[:Jamii:User tok-1]] ilifutwa. Niliunda kwa muundo sawa na [[:Jamii:User sw-1]] na [[:Jamii:User en-1]]: <pre><nowiki>{{Commonscat|User tok-1}} [[Jamii:User tok]] </nowiki></pre> Asante. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Volvox|Volvox]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Volvox|majadiliano]])''' 19:31, 23 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Kweli umekuwa mkali mno! Usipende kufuta kurasa kwa kuona tu kasoro. Afadhali uzirekebishe na kuelekeza mtumiaji. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:12, 24 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::Amani babu @Riccardo, Kunahaja gani ya kuanzisha jamii ambazo hazina matumizi? nimeona nikawaida ya mwanzirishi kufanya hiki kitendo ambapo anaongeza mzigo tuu kwa wakabidhi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 21:05, 7 Januari 2026 (UTC) :::Mbona jamii hiyo ina kurasa mbili? Ndiyo matumizi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:44, 8 Januari 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:34, 12 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open|Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/Messages/Review open]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FAnnual+review%2FMessages%2FReview+open&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-01-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">This message will be sent to all the wikis to inform communities about their chance to participate in proposing changes to the Universal Code of Conduct. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 22:30, 14 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:30, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:18, 26 Januari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:44, 2 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:31, 9 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Loves+Ramadan+2026%2FList+of+Articles%2FCulture%2F1&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is low. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/List of Articles/Culture/1. Thank you!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:02, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Global username policy == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global username policy|Global username policy]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+username+policy&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-12-31. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Global username policy. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:25, 15 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:17, 16 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 19:11, 18 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Julius 12345@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:04, 23 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == Translation notification: Mission == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Mission&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 02:15, 28 Februari 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:52, 2 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:53, 9 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:36, 16 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia & Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hi translators, The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities. Thank you for your support. Kind regards, Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 12:56, 17 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAdegboye (EdWH)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:51, 23 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:26, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:19, 6 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:19, 13 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:01, 20 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:06, 27 Aprili 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:43, 4 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 00:28, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:22, 18 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:17, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> ==Demo== Ndugu, makala ulizoanzisha kama kielelezo hazina ubora hata kidogo. Mkifundisha hivi, tutapata kurasa za kapuni. Naomba muangalie vizuri. Amina kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:40, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Tayari makala mbovu zimeshaanza kumiminika. Tafadhali, mwazuie haraka!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:43, 23 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Sawa kabisa tutachukua hatua kuanzia leo, kulikua na tatizo kidogo wakati wa mafunzo umeme ulikatika kabla hatuja waeleza vyote '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:37, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:52, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:09, 1 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Translation notification: Global locks == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Global+locks&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 01:45, 7 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:30, 8 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:49, 15 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:05, 23 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:48, 29 Juni 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:57, 6 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:12, 13 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:47, 21 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Content Translation]] now supports dark mode, fulfilling a [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|Community Wishlist request]]. This brings the tool in line with the accessibility features available in the Vector 2022 and Minerva skins, helping reduce visual fatigue for users translating content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * DiscussionTools' source mode and the 2017 wikitext editor will now offer autocomplete for links (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templates (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), HTML and parser tags (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), and magic words (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>), making it quicker and easier to insert links, templates, and other wiki markup while editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Readers Growth team]] has concluded its experiment with mobile page previews and will not roll out the feature. Page Previews are a pop-up bottom sheet that appears when readers tap a blue link, showing a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and an option to open the article. The experiment showed flat retention and negative indicator metrics, suggesting that mobile web readers preferred navigating directly to linked articles rather than using page previews. * The Reader Experience team has seen encouraging early results from the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]], with 93% of participating users reporting that it was useful. Reading Lists help active readers save articles for future reading and support their learning goals on Wikimedia projects. The team plans further improvements before expanding the feature to more users. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Explore Feed Refresh]] initiative was tested with new and casual Wikipedia app readers. The refreshed feed helps readers discover new and relevant content. After a 10.5% increase in engagement with the feed, Wikimedia Apps team has decided to scale the Home Feed redesign to iOS with the learnings from the Android release applied. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where subject names in the Article Guidance feature were displayed with incorrect capitalization on French Wikipedia, has now been fixed. Subject names will now follow the correct capitalization rules for the language. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * After running several [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]] to improve registration completion rates, a new version of the username field on [[Special:CreateAccount|Create Account]] has been rolled out. It includes [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|a popover summarizing the username policy]] to provide clearer guidance during account creation. As part of this change, the messages <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> that several communities have configured will no longer be used. If communities want to customize the guidance shown in the new popover, they can instead edit the following messages: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighter]] will offer [[w:en:Theme (computing)|themes]]. The themes can be picked from a dropdown menu in the full [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|CodeMirror preferences]] dialog. For wikitext, available themes are default, colorblind-friendly (previously the colorblind preference option on [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]) and no-highlighting. For code languages (i.e., CSS/JavaScript/JSON/Vue/Lua), there are several themes available. These same themes will eventually be available for wikitext, too. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * From now on, wikis can restrict editing in the "User" namespace to only the page owner and certain user groups. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|Read the configuration documentation]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:50, 27 Julai 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has developed a [https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo] that wraps the page toolbar onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, which can occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * The Reader Experience team is planning to launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]], a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|Community Wishlist item]], which is currently available to try in beta, as a full feature in September. Before then, volunteer translator help is needed for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate string translations] into a number of languages. The feature supports reading and learning goals on Wikipedia. * Next week, the table of contents on Wikimedia Commons file pages will be improved by consolidating the file page table of contents with the page table of contents. This will make it easier to understand a file page’s structure, navigate to specific sections, and share links to individual sections. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] images failed to load after clicking their thumbnail, causing a broken image to be displayed instead of the full-size image, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The variable and function selector in AbuseFilter has been updated to support search and autocomplete. It will allow filter maintainers to find the desired variable or function more quickly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * The MJPEG and VP8 formats are removed from the video player. The MP4 format (MPEG-4 Part 2) is added instead, which provides higher quality videos to older iPhone devices. It may take a few weeks to retroactively update all existing videos. The default format for modern devices stays the same (VP9/WebM). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:47, 3 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == Translation notification: Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest|Event:Open Heritage-Wikidata Contest]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AOpen+Heritage-Wikidata+Contest&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-08-15. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello, We are looking forward to translating this page. We highly appreciate your support Best</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 18:54, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SanBonne@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new ChartWizard is [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|now available on Wikimedia Commons]] for users interested in creating charts from their own data. The wizard makes the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] more beginner-friendly by allowing editors to create charts, such as bar and pie charts, without needing to use JSON. Users can still switch to the JSON editor if they prefer. Feedback on the new tool is welcome on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|wish talk page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Wikipedia iOS app’s Picture of the Day widget displayed the same image every day instead of updating daily, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|Math formula]] SVG images will soon be generated in the browser instead of on the server. MathML continues to be generated on the server and renders in the browser without JavaScript. Wikibooks will see this change on 12 August, Wikisource on 19 August and Wikipedia from 20-27 August. You can try this by selecting "{{int:Mw-math-mathjax}}" in your preferences. This change is part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|deprecating RESTBase]] and [[phab:T431372|deprecating Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * Category pages will soon support sorting entries by the time they are added to a category. This will make it easier to find recently or long-standing categorized pages. It will also improve workflows for maintenance categories such as deletion backlogs and other time-based review tasks. You can use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> URL argument in category view to sort the entries. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and user scripts on Wikimedia wikis may now use [[phab:T395347|ES2018 features]] and [[phab:T419142|ES2019 features]] in JavaScript code. Previously, the platform only allowed up to ES2017. MediaWiki validates the source code to protect functionality from syntax errors and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|supported browsers]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 10 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-34</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W34"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist|Worklist feature]] for the Event Registration tool is now live on all Wikimedia wikis. With Worklist, event organizers can add the articles their event will focus on directly to the event page. The Worklist also powers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Worklist#How Event Pathways uses the worklist|Event Pathways]] which notifies other editors of the upcoming or ongoing event when they edit an article featured in the event's Worklist. This is the minimum viable version (MVP), and feedback is welcome. Organizers are encouraged to try the feature. A hands-on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Worklist Setup Workshop: Get Your Event Ready|Worklist Setup Workshop]] will take place on 18 August at 16:00 UTC and 19 August at 11:00 UTC. '''Updates for editors''' * [[Special:ShortPages]] displays short pages by their size, but in many cases it gets filled with disambiguations and soft redirects, making it harder to find the short articles themselves. Starting this weekend, you will be able to choose not to include an article in the special page by adding the magic word <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__EXPECTSHORTPAGE__</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433203] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3436680|Bole]] ([[w:bol:|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>w:bol:</nowiki></code></bdi>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429921] * Starting the week of August 17, the page toolbar will wrap onto two lines when there is not enough horizontal space for all the buttons. This is a [[phab:T429518|fully merged patch from the Reader Experience team]] which aims to reduce crowding in the Vector 2022 toolbar, that may occur on some language Wikipedias at certain screen widths. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, uploading large files to Wikimedia Commons has become more stable and less prone to failure following some fixes related to the “Could not acquire lock” upload error. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386640] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Debian Bullseye will reach the end of its Long Term Support on 31 August 2026. [[phab:T434103|Some Cloud VPS projects]] still have instances running Debian Bullseye. Maintainers of those projects are encouraged to migrate to Debian Bookworm or Debian Trixie. A [[wikitech:Help:Cloud VPS instance operating system migration|migration guide]] is available to help with the process, and users may also want to consider whether their workload is better suited to Toolforge. If you need help or cannot complete the migration by 31 August, please contact the Cloud VPS admins as soon as possible. [[listarchive:list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/RVIPQSYLKMSL5M46JP6NEJVGVE6I2RXQ/|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/34|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W34"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 17 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30922806 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-35</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W35"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[Special:CreateAccount|Special:CreateAccount]] page has been simplified as part of ongoing work to modernize the account creation experience. The panel showing project statistics no longer appears next to the form on desktop and mobile web. Multiple account creation experiments show that a simpler form helps newcomers complete registration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433783] * In order to improve page performance, images now load when they are viewed. This means images lower down an article will not load if a reader never scrolls to that part of the page, which may affect some image-related metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T148047] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where image thumbnails in Abstract Wikipedia could fail to display after the corresponding file was moved on Wikimedia Commons, has now been fixed. Thumbnails will now update correctly when files are moved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433448] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * User Info card is a feature that helps patrollers see information about user accounts. So far, it has been available only in places such as page history, logs and recent changes. Now, it's possible to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CheckUser#User_Info_card_in_page_content|place it in the page content]] as well, using the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{#uic:}}</nowiki></code></bdi> parser function. It can be particularly useful in templates like [[:en:Template:Userlinks|<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{Userlinks}}</nowiki></code></bdi>]] (or their specialized variants), as it will make it easier to see the context about a user on various noticeboard pages. The card will be displayed only to users who have it enabled in their [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpcheckuser-userinfocard-enable|preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424466] * Due to user security and privacy risks, we have disabled access to <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs when specifically using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. If you are impacted by this, consider whether you can use an alternative approach. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Special:MyPage</nowiki></code></bdi> URLs can still be accessed and used without <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. Specified user page URLs (e.g. <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>User:Myusername</nowiki></code></bdi>) can still be used with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=raw</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120386] * Due to an update, the thumbnailing software has been improved. This includes upgrading <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>librsvg</nowiki></code></bdi> to 2.60 and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ImageMagick</nowiki></code></bdi> to 7, as well as resolving a number of long-standing thumbnailing bugs like rendering errors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419815#12222841] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/35|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W35"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:46, 24 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30961208 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A new format for the Community Wishlist is open for feedback. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027|read the proposed ideas on Meta]]. This new process plans to improve how wishes are triaged, voted on, and prioritized in a way that is transparent and balanced across project families and language editions. This consultation is open for two weeks. '''Updates for editors''' * The latest release of the Wikipedia Android app includes updates to the Saved feature, bringing the app’s saving experience closer to iOS and Web. The update redesigns the Saved tab with an “All articles” view, removes the default “Saved” reading list, renames reading lists to “Collections,” and modernizes the article-saving experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420788] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] feature was enabled for all logged-in users on Bengali, Chinese, Czech and Vietnamese Wikipedias on August 25, after several months as a beta feature. Reading Lists will be available to all logged-in users on Arabic, French and Indonesian Wikipedias on September 1, followed by English Wikipedia on September 14, and all other Wikipedia wikis on September 28. * At the end of the month, some logged-out readers on Bengali, Czech, Persian, English, and Polish Wikipedias using the Minerva skin on mobile will see an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|updated navigation bar]] in an [[w:A/B test|A/B test]]. The test will compare the current navigation bar with a new version designed to make it easier to find information more quickly. The goal is to determine whether these changes encourage readers to return more often. This experiment will not change the experience for logged-in readers and/or editors. * Editors who maintain redirects, templates, and categories used on redirect pages now have improved ways for finding and curating redirects. Previously, redirects pages could not be searched. Two new search keywords, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>onlyredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>withredirects:</nowiki></code></bdi>, now allow redirects to be searched directly and can be combined with existing keywords such as <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>incategory:</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>intitle:</nowiki></code></bdi>, and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>insource:</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T204089] * The ISBN lookup tools for generating citations were recently not working because of external service problems. Developers are working on solutions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435179] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where searching for pages by category using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>deepcat</nowiki></code></bdi> could return no results or unrelated results has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414859] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The domain of URLs for thumbnails is changing from upload.wikimedia.org to thumb.wikimedia.org. The old URLs will continue to work for the foreseeable future but MediaWiki will advertise the new domain instead. URLs to other types of media such as original files, videos and transcodes will still be served from upload.wikimedia.org. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427465] * The Wikimedia [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?api=wmf-math%2Fv1&title=Special%3ARestSandbox Math API] is now deprecated. These endpoints will be fully sunset by the end of September 2026. Developers who call these endpoints should transition to alternative math rendering solutions, such as the native [https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/MathML MathML] or [https://www.mathjax.org/ MathJax]. Third-party MediaWiki installations that utilize the Math extension for formula rendering are required to upgrade to v1.43+ to avoid disruption of service. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] in a Diff post titled, [[diffblog:2026/08/28/custom-edit-suggestions-for-every-wiki-how-communities-are-shaping-suggestion-mode-with-textmatch/|Custom edit suggestions for every wiki: How communities are shaping Suggestion Mode with TextMatch]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:54, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30990659 --> == Translation notification: Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya|Wiki Academy, Bejoy Narayan Mahavidyalaya]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Wiki+Academy%2C+Bejoy+Narayan+Mahavidyalaya&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:53, 31 Agosti 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Borhan@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-37</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W37"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a Link]] has been upgraded for English Wikipedia users with improved detection of links that have different capitalization. This will help reduce ambiguous suggestions caused by differences in capitalization in article titles, including articles about cultural goods. A second phase of improvements is planned, which will also prepare the feature for release in other languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435526#12240876] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434259] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance|Article guidance]] feature will be enabled by default for junior editors on Simple English and Turkish Wikipedia starting 10 September 2026 following [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article_guidance/Updates#Summary_of_experiment_result|an experiment]]. Junior editors with 0 to 99 edits will automatically see the feature when they click a red link or use the "[[tr:Vikipedi:Madde_sihirbazı|Madde oluşturto]]" option on Turkish Wikipedia to create a new article. The change is intended to help junior editors create higher-quality articles that meet each Wikipedia’s standards. [[phab:maniphest/query/z3tcTjmLMxk5/#R|Additional improvements]] will continue based on the experiment results and community feedback. * The [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org Pageviews Analysis] tool which allows users to compare pageviews across multiple pages, turns 10 years old this year and several new features have been added. They include [[toolforge:wikinav|WikiNav]] which provides insights into how readers of Wikipedia explore the content, editing stats in [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/siteviews?range=latest-30&sites=en.wikipedia.org Siteviews], the ability to [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/massviews?source=wikiproject&project=en.wikipedia.org lookup articles belonging to a WikiProject], and support for dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378549] * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Minimal_Minerva|visually simplified Minerva]] navigation bar is being tested for logged-out readers using mobile web on the Bengali, Czech, English, Farsi, and Polish Wikipedias. The experiment aims to determine whether simplifying the navigation improves reader retention. The test will run from August 31 to September 28, and no action is required from users. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is working on improving [[en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Editors will only notice a slight change starting this week. When adding automatic reference names the numbering will start at <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:1</nowiki></code></bdi> instead of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>:0</nowiki></code></bdi>. Read more on the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|project page]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/VisualEditor/VisualEditor/+/1332704] * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] could mishandle nested nowiki tags, causing content to be lost and displaying unwanted text has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435116] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Interface administrators can configure gadgets from [[MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition]]. The definition format has been updated and no longer requires the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi> option, as gadgets are always loaded through <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>ResourceLoader</nowiki></code></bdi>. This simplifies gadget configuration by removing an option that is no longer necessary, making gadget definitions easier for administrators. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298199] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/37|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W37"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:45, 7 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31008437 --> ==Tukio jipya== Ndugu, umetunga ukurasa juu ya Event:Wiki Loves Monuments 2026 in Tanzania kwa Kiingereza, wakati hii ni Wikipedia ya Kiswahili... Huoni kiroja? Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 07:52, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-38</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W38"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Future Audiences team has started a [[en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)#New proposed experiment to let readers know about “Google preferred sources”|discussion on English Wikipedia]] about a proposed new experiment to show a temporary notice about the new [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/original-high-quality-content-search/ Google Preferred Sources] feature to Wikipedia readers coming from Google. The experiment is to test whether this notice makes visitors come back to Wikipedia more often. Preferred Sources feature lets users choose websites they trust so Google can highlight content from those sources more prominently in Search and AI experiences. We are interested in testing this on other languages that Google supports and would welcome assistance with starting conversations on other wikis. If interested, please reach out to Future Audiences on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Preferred sources|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The chat platform Discord is releasing a new self-service framework that websites can use to specify how their links should look when shared on Discord. The Future Audiences team is planning to start using this new framework to improve how Wikipedia links look when shared on Discord, giving better attribution and credit to contributors. The link appearance and behavior won't change in the first phase of this project as we want to first collect some baseline data to assess the impact of future changes. However, if community members who are active on Discord spot any issues, they can reach out on [[phab:tag/future-audiences/|Phabricator]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences|Metawiki]]. * The Reader Growth team will be running an experiment to test whether [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Compact Lead|compacting article lead sections on mobiles]] with the addition of a "read more" button improves reader retention. The test will begin on September 17 on Arabic, Spanish, French, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and will run for four weeks. * All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only for a few minutes]] on September 23. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was returning an HTTP 500 error and could not be reached, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikimedia Commons links tables need to update their code to connect to the new x4 database cluster. The links tables have been moved from the s4 cluster to x4, and will no longer receive updates on s4. The page and redirect tables remain available on both clusters. A wiki replica for the x4 cluster will be set up afterwards. The change is being made because the s4 cluster has grown too large to operate efficiently. You can [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/News/2026 Commons links tables database split|read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/38|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W38"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:31, 14 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31039826 --> == Translation notification: Bengali Wikipedia == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Bengali Wikipedia|Bengali Wikipedia]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Bengali+Wikipedia&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr"></div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 11:15, 17 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Borhan@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Event:Wiki Loves Peace == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wiki Loves Peace|Event:Wiki Loves Peace]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWiki+Loves+Peace&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-09-30. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Hello there! I hope this message finds you well. I am Raydann, Wikimedian in Residence at the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), and organizer of Wiki Loves Peace. I would like to kindly ask for help with translating Wiki Loves Peace into additional languages. As the campaign is intended to be a global initiative, having multiple languages will be important in helping communities around the world learn about the campaign and participate in it. If you have some time to spare, I would be very grateful if you could help translate the campaign pages and messages into your language. Thank you very much!</div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 21:29, 19 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Raydann@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == Translation notification: Event:Wiki Loves Peace == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wiki Loves Peace|Event:Wiki Loves Peace]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Event%3AWiki+Loves+Peace&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is high. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-10-01. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">Dear Wikimedia Translators, I hope this message finds you well. My name is Raydann, and I'm the Wikimedian-in-Residence at the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA), and the organizer of Wiki Loves Peace. I recently submitted a CentralNotice banner request for Wiki Loves Peace, and the banner text is now ready for translation. The content consists of only two short sentences, so completing a translation should require just a few minutes of your time. I would be very grateful if you could help translate the page into as many languages as possible. Your support will help make the campaign accessible to communities around the world and encourage more participation. Please use this link to start translating: https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-Wiki_Loves_Peace The text to be translated is: "Wiki Loves Peace 2026", "Share the world's stories of peace. Upload your pictures now!" Thank you very much for your time &amp; effort. Best regards, Raydann </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 20:45, 26 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Raydann@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 23 September 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1790172000 14:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433363] '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team tested a new post-edit notice designed to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#4. Encourage Temporary Accounts to Register|encourage Temporary Account holders to register for a permanent account]]. The new notice replaced multiple dialogs and a simultaneous welcome notification with a single message highlighting the benefits of creating an account. The experiment increased permanent account creation from 1.94% to 3.66%, an 87% relative increase. The change will now be released to all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433551] * For Wikipedia editors using the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|"Suggestion mode" Beta Feature]], there is a [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-editcheck-experimental|new opt-in user preference]] for showing "experimental" edit checks and suggestions. These types are listed at [[Special:EditChecks#experimental-checks|Special:EditChecks]], and are intended for early developer-testing and for gathering feedback from experienced users. Administrators can change the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|configuration details]] for each suggestion as usual. Administrators can also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Experimental Suggestions|use this feature]] to help test their community's ideas for locally created checks and suggestions. Experimental types will have a more distinct visual style later this week. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * The [[m:CEE Technical Village Pump|CEE Technical Village Pump]] has been launched as a space for technical discussions and collaboration among Wikimedia communities in Central and Eastern Europe. * A new tool, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|Starter Kit]], is now available for new and small language Wikipedia communities. It brings together guided tasks, tools, and resources to help communities get started, monitor their progress, and collaborate with the broader Wikimedia community. Starter Kit is hosted on Wikimedia Toolforge and is designed for Wikipedias with fewer than 50,000 articles. Learn more about how Starter Kit works and how communities have been using it in [[diffblog:2026/09/18/introducing-starter-kit-for-new-and-small-language-wikipedias/|this Diff blog post]]. * The Reader Growth team is launching a retest of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|image carousel experiment]]. The retest will use three new versions of the design, updated based on community feedback. The team will assess results and determine with communities whether or not to proceed with the feature. The experiment will begin the week of September 28 and will run on Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, Farsi, French, German, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * After successful rollouts to Arabic, Bengali, Chinese, Czech, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists feature]] from the Reader Experience team will be available to all logged-in users on all Wikipedia wikis starting September 28. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the mentor status script repeatedly updated mentors’ status even when nothing had changed, creating unnecessary Recent Changes entries, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436659] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, used to retrieve specific details about active or historical abuse filters configured on a wiki, has been updated to support the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>formatversion=2</nowiki></code></bdi> configuration parameter, thereby leading to breaking changes to the API response. All users who maintain user-scripts or other code need to check if they use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>abusefilters</nowiki></code></bdi> list query API, and respond to any breaking changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435828] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:56, 27 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31085309 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of default skins on desktop and mobile web (Vector 2022 and Minerva respectively) will now be informed if the search suggestions displayed as they type into Search come from page redirects. Previously, users could get confused when the top search suggestions did not match exactly what they had typed. The new redirect notice clarifies that these suggestions are not random, but related to the search. The suggested pages may be redirects to the most relevant destination articles being searched for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T303013] * Logged-out Wikipedia users on mobile web will begin to see a bookmark button for saving articles to their [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] instead of the current Watchstar button. When clicked, the bookmark button prompts users to log in or create an account to save an article for later. An earlier experiment found that the bookmark icon was four times more likely than the Watchstar button to encourage logged-out users to create an account. This change is part of efforts to encourage more readers to become account holders and use features that help them save and return to content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T438769] * An experiment will begin on September 29 on Spanish, Arabic, English, and French Wikipedias to simplify the experience users encounter immediately after account creation. The test will explore whether removing friction from the current Welcome Survey helps new users understand what to do next more easily. The experiment will run through the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430058] * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has put out a call for the community to suggest topics that it should consider and discuss with the Wikimedia Foundation. Editors and technical contributors are invited to add topics to [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council|the council's talk page]]. * Later this week, it will be possible for communities to configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit Checks and Suggestions]] so that they are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#extraNamespaces|shown within additional namespaces]], such as a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>Draft:</nowiki></code></bdi> namespace. [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Feedback is welcome]]. * A bug in the [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] is causing the page to fail to load for users that have unseen changes on Wikimedia Commons. Developers are working on a fix. Until then, affected users can follow the workarounds described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist#GlobalWatchlist temporarily broken for users with Wikimedia Commons|relevant]] help section. * New magic words <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:TIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{CATEGORYSORT:RTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki></code></bdi> are now available for use. They are able to change the default sorting of categories to be based on timestamp of categorization. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where [https://wikistats.wmcloud.org/ Wikistats] for Wikipedias was not reachable has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T435959] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The datacenter switchover, scheduled on September 23, has been postponed. [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|The equinox exercise]] revealed capacity issues, preventing the switch of all services to the other datacenter. The process has been paused, prioritizing investigating that issue, to ensure that we continue to be able to serve our users reliably. A new exercise will be scheduled. Meanwhile, all traffic and edits continue to work as usual. * On September 23, a power loss briefly affected all wikis, creating intermittent issues on both reading and editing modes. This also affected Gerrit. This is unrelated to the datacenter switchover postponement. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/9fm19t8qykk8] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Produnto|Produnto]] has been deployed to mediawiki.org and [[phab:T421436|some Indic language wikis]]. We want to hear your feedback on this experimental product. Produnto allows users to use Lua modules hosted in [[gitlab:repos/lua|Wikimedia's GitLab]]. It simplifies the sharing of Lua code between wikis. Instead of copying each individual Lua module from one wiki to another, users will be able to easily share packages across all wikis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A [[m:Event:Cross-wiki Code Collaboration Workshop|Cross-wiki code collaboration workshop]] will be held online on October 2 at 12:30 UTC, bringing together South Asian technical contributors to learn about Produnto and begin piloting it on Hindi, Punjabi, Odia, Telugu, and Malayalam Wikipedias. Produnto is a package manager for deploying Lua modules hosted on GitLab to Wikimedia wikis, and was recently deployed on some pilot wikis. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10:49, 28 Septemba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31092225 --> == Translation notification: Community Wishlist/FAQ == Hello Olimasy, You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to Kiswahili on Meta-Wiki. The page [[:metawikipedia:Community Wishlist/FAQ|Community Wishlist/FAQ]] is available for translation. You can translate it here: * [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Community+Wishlist%2FFAQ&language=sw&action=page&action_source=translation_notification translate to Kiswahili] The priority of this page is medium. The deadline for translating this page is 2026-10-05. <div lang="en" class="mw-content-ltr">The new Community Wishlist is progressively updated. Several pages have been updated, the most important one being [[Community Wishlist/FAQ|the FAQ]]. You can also help, by translating [[Community Wishlist|the main page]]. Both pages are now stable. [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] is you point of contact if you have any question regarding these translations. </div> Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function as a truly multilingual community. To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup]. Thank you! Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, 14:04, 1 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-41</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W41"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The process for this year’s Community Wishlist [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027#Updated Community Wishlist Process 2027/2028|has been published]], incorporating community feedback. The wish submission process will [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is the deadline for submitting wishes?|end on November 8]]. This year, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Community Wishlist 2027/Working group|a working group (open for volunteering)]] that includes community members familiar with the technical aspect of our wikis alongside Wikimedia Foundation staff, will take care of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/FAQ#What is triage?|triage process]]. The triage is expected to be completed by late November. Votes for wishes will start in January. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] will now see a warning when they paste text that is likely to have initially been copied from one of five external generative AI chatbots into Wikipedia. This feature is known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check|LLM Paste Check]]. It is a type of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] that is community configurable. The check looks for markers in the copied HTML and is not using content watermark detection. Edits will also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Edit tags|be tagged]] so that patrollers can review them more closely. The feature helps newcomers add content that respects Wikipedia’s policies and makes it easier for experienced editors to identify problematic edits. Communities with local policies about LLM usage can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/LLM Paste Check#Configuration|adjust the wording and policy that is linked]]. The team [[listarchive:list/translators-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/EVHKWJ4IERZELMPIWNH3XUVUSQV5KOO4/|apologizes]] that this was rolled out without a delay for translations. * Editors can now easily [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|access the web visual editor directly from the iOS and Android apps]]. When opening the editor, users will be given a choice between visual editing and source editing. If they choose visual editing, they will be sent to a mobile web window in their phone's browser. After completing their edit, a banner will give them the option to return to the app. This enables readers to make quick contributions while casually reading. * Users of the Wikipedia Android and iOS apps will now see a one-time account creation prompt after they have used the app for two consecutive weeks. This prompt explains the benefits of having an account. It is intended to help more casual readers become logged-in users who return to the apps regularly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T434847] * Editors on [[wmnoc:conf/dblists/group1.dblist|group1 wikis]], including Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, Wikivoyage, and Wikisource, will no longer see notifications on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Recent changes|Recent Changes]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help: Watching pages|Watchlist]] when a link to another language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. This change will begin on October 5 at 07:00 UTC as a two-week trial to reduce high-volume, low-value notifications and make important changes easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or concerns on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439415] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where mentors who removed themselves from the mentorship program could still have mentees assigned to them and receive questions, has now been fixed. Mentees will now be reassigned when a mentor leaves the program. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418194] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Wikimedia Brasil has published its [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Brasil/Arcabouço de Boas Práticas de Desenvolvimento|Development Best Practices Framework]] (ABPD). It is a guide for staff, contractors and volunteers building technical tools and projects. It covers the project lifecycle, security, accessibility, personal data protection and responsible AI use, and explains how movement-wide guidelines were adapted to a local context. They encourage other affiliates to reuse it and adapt it. Read more in the [[wmfblog:2026/09/26/wikimedia-brasils-development-best-practices-framework-technical-sustainability-as-an-organizational-responsibility|Diff post]]. * A new, canonical base URL for Wikimedia APIs will soon be introduced. The new canonical route follows a <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/api/</nowiki></code></bdi> pattern and will act as an alternative path for current REST APIs (for example: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{projectName}/w/rest.php/</nowiki></code></bdi>). Both versions will be callable for all existing APIs, but the new structure will be the preferred path for newly created API modules. This change will be non-breaking for most users. The existing pathways will remain available for all existing endpoint requests. However, some endpoints may return URLs following the new pattern in response bodies. Changes will be available on test wiki first, with the rollout expected to cover all wikis by the end of October. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433535] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/41|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W41"/> </div> 18:52, 5 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31098825 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-42</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W42"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Starting October 13, wikis can change the default pattern for [[:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Named references|auto-generated reference names in VisualEditor]] (currently <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name=":1" /></syntaxhighlight>). They will be able to use human-readable, content-based reference names that are more helpful to contributors using the source editor (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref name="Miller2026-1" /></syntaxhighlight>). VisualEditor reference name patterns can be defined using MediaWiki system messages, JSON, templates and modules ([[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite/VisualEditor reference names|more information]]). Admins can enable these changes via [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/Cite-VisualEditor-Autonames|community configuration]]. This is a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist/W17|community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T436255] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to English Wikipedia on October 14 and to remaining Wikimedia Foundation wikis by end of October (likely October 21). The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. This is a [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/History|long-standing community wish]] implemented by [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440243][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440304] '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools]] will be removing the list view of the Watchlist and defaulting everyone to the changelog view. Previously, there were two versions of how the Watchlist is shown to mobile web users: the list view, where editors could see watched articles in a list format, and the changelog view, where editors could see changes to watched articles in a log format, controlled by a user's Advanced Mobile Control settings. This has created issues for code-base maintenance: two different displays means two sets of code to manage. By defaulting to the changelog view, we are simplifying the codebase and avoiding the likelihood of missing bugs. * The Wikipedia Android app is testing a way to listen to article introductions in the “For you” feed. A text-to-speech model reads the existing article text aloud without rewriting it or adding any content. The 30-day experiment will begin in the Wikipedia Beta app during the third week of September, then move to the regular Wikipedia Android app in October for a limited group of eligible users. A small portion of app users (those with English feeds and at least one topic interest) will have access to the feature. This experiment is part of broader efforts to give app readers options in how they consume content in order to deepen engagement and user retention. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Listening to Wikipedia/Phase 1|Learn more]] and [[mw:Talk:Readers/Listening to Wikipedia|share feedback]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror syntax highlighting]] was [[phab:T288161|enabled]] by default for all logged out and newly registered users on the English Wikipedia on September 14. With no signs of adverse effects, the same change is being proposed to be made globally across all wikis in a few weeks. If you have concerns or feedback, or if your wiki would like to opt out, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror#Enabling CodeMirror by default on all WMF wikis for newbies|please see the help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440077] * [[d:Wikidata:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|Wikidata mobile statement editing]] of all datatypes will be officially launched on October 13, when it will be removed from Wikidata [[d:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] and become available to all editors. Users can [[d:Wikidata_talk:Usability_and_usefulness/Item_editing_experience/Mobile_editing_of_statements|report bugs and share feedback]]. * Last week, language link changes were removed from [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] feeds on Wikivoyage, Wikisource, Wikiversity, Wikiquote and Wiktionary. As no adverse effects have been observed, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] plans to roll out this change globally to all Wikipedias. This is scheduled for October 13 at 07:00 UTC, after which editors will no longer see when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item. Editors who rely on these notifications can read more on the [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Clearer Wikidata Edit Summaries/Hide Language Link edits|project page]] and share feedback or ask to opt out their wiki on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440698] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where accidentally touching the graph while scrolling on the Pageviews tool on mobile could unintentionally zoom in has now been fixed. Click-and-drag zoom is now disabled on touch devices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440075] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There are three major changes coming to dumps: the legacy content dumps [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/E6D5EU4PMSTSOI2J7A46HJ3YW2W554CS/ deprecated in January 2026] will now be sunset, the replacement [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_Content_File_Exports MediaWiki Content File Exports] will be delayed to implement a “safety buffer”, and they are now also available as 7zip-compressed files. Users will need to switch the URL they download their dump from. For more information, timeline and migration instructions, see [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legacy_content_dumps_sunset Legacy content dumps sunset]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation discovered unauthorized activity by OpenAI agents on Wikimedia projects, including edits to wikis, attempts to exploit a public note-taking tool, and heavy automated traffic. [[diffblog:2026/10/05/openai-rogue-agent-activities-found-on-wikimedia-projects/|Read the blog post on Diff]] for more details about the activity and the Foundation’s response. '''Meetings and events''' * Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon! We’ll be meeting in lovely Tirana, Albania for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] from April 9–11, 2027. Scholarship and staff sponsorship applications are currently being [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ accepted through Pretix] and will close on October 30, 2026. General registration will open in January 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/42|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W42"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 07:40, 13 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31142468 --> == Ombi la kuunga mkono mradi wa makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (WMF Rapid Fund) == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kufanikisha mradi mpya wa maudhui hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha wazo la mradi kule Jumuiya ili kuomba ruzuku ya Rapid Fund kutoka Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Lengo ni kuandaa warsha (workshop) na mashindano ya uandishi (Edit-a-thon) yatakayolenga kuziba pengo kubwa la makala za filamu na waigizaji wa Asia (hususan C-Dramas na K-Dramas), mada ambazo zina wasomaji wengi sana Afrika Mashariki lakini hazina maudhui ya kutosha kwa Kiswahili. Ili jopo la ruzuku la WMF lipitishe maombi haya ya fedha, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano (consensus) na kuungwa mkono na wanajumuia wetu wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Tafhdali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Wazo la Mradi: Kuongeza Makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (C-Dramas & K-Dramas)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kuunga mkono]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kuleta rasilimali zitakazokuza jamii yetu na kuongeza wahariri wapya. Shukrani sana. — '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 10:18, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :Naunga mkono, na nitatenga muda kwaajili ya kuzipitia (Patrolling) '''[[Mtumiaji:Olimasy|Olimasy]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Olimasy#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:11, 21 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-43</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W43"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * To measure the impact of incorporating some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#November 2025: Ideas and feedback|community-requested features]] on logged-out reader retention, a test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing|Image Carousel]] will be pushed to logged-out readers. With the Image Carousel feature, readers browse community-uploaded images, selected by editors as relevant to specific articles. The test starts on November 20. * An experimental notice will be pushed to 0.5% of logged-out mobile readers who come to English Wikipedia from Google, asking them to add Wikipedia as a [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/preferred-sources/ Google Preferred Source]. The test is to see if this notice increases reader retention and encourages people who use Google Search to visit Wikipedia more often. It will run from October 15–29 and will be assessed for its impact on retention and referrals. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where [[quarry:|Quarry]] returned an “Access denied” error when users tried to run SQL queries, preventing queries from running normally, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T440966] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Cog-icon-grey.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Due to a long-standing bug, applications that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For_Developers|OAuth 2]] client credentials flow to act on their owners’ behalf are treated as if they are logged out. This will be fixed for new applications registered on or after Monday, October 19. Some affected applications need to re-register. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420297] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.1|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * A proposal to hold the Wikimedia Hackathon every three years, with regional hackathons in between, [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|has been shared]]. It explores making the event more accessible to technical communities in different regions. Share your feedback on the proposal’s [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Hackathon/Community Proposal 2026|talk page]] before November 6. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W43"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:38, 19 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31178499 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-44</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W44"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * An experiment launched on September 29 is testing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Experience/Reading_recommendations|article recommendations]] for new account holders who also identify as readers. By suggesting articles to read, similar to recommendations in the Wikipedia app for logged-in readers, the experiment aims to encourage new account holders to read and return to the website regularly, with the goal of increasing internal referrals by 1%. See the related [[m:Community Wishlist/W505|Community Wishlist]] proposal. * Several Wikimedia services were taken offline last week because of a [https://www.php.net/archive/2026.php#2026-10-20-1 security vulnerability in PHP]. This is because they need to be updated before they are safe to put back online. This is not a problem just for the Wikimedia movement but affects a lot of websites. You can follow updates on [[wikitech:Incidents/2026-10-21 PHP security update/Community|Wikitech]]. Cloud VPS and Toolforge will take longer to bring back online. This is to make sure that applications which run on Cloud VPS or Toolforge are not affected. Tool developers can see updates and more information on the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/cloud-announce.lists.wikimedia.org/ Cloud-announce mailing list]. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-tools-and-services/][https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/10/21/impact-of-php-vulnerabilities-on-wikimedia-cloud-services/] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/43|Last week we shared]] that to measure the impact of incorporating some community-requested features on logged-out reader retention, a test for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Carousel]] feature would be pushed to logged-out readers. Due to an issue, we will be restarting the test, but it will be live on October 26, not November 20 as initially announced. '''Updates for editors''' * A new [[wikitech:KAPOW|bot detection system]] to better identify automated traffic that disguises itself as human visitors, is coming to the Wikimedia wikis. This might cause sudden changes to visitor statistics starting from 26 October, going back to 20 June 2026. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] which renders musical notation inside wiki pages, has been temporarily disabled on all wikis due to a security issue. Affected pages will display a notice instead of musical scores, but the underlying code remains intact. No action is needed from editors, and a fix is in progress. A separate announcement will follow when the extension is re-enabled. Read more on [[phab:T441579|Phabricator]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where CodeMirror syntax highlighter appears to have been enabled in error for existing editors has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T441308] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, October 28 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1793199600 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T439703] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.48/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Scholarship and sponsorship applications for the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia%20Hackathon%202027 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon] will close on Friday, October 30th. Submit your application [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2027/ through Pretix] before the deadline! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/44|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W44"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:57, 26 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=31199592 --> snkttoihu4c09ylvfacc1w6ybpgrvsw 14 95844 1611368 1371581 2026-10-26T14:00:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wenye heri nchi kwa nchi|W]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|H]] sbprugx991e6gi63s2mvikbqnin0a47 14 100731 1611358 1103698 2026-10-26T13:58:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|Wales]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|C]] lf9c24e16gegoi9wdpdieiaozom3s4h 14 104345 1611335 1103676 2026-10-26T13:48:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|Ireland]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|C]] 0yb4i209wxlm8iwk6696111wakskqxc 0 109478 1611527 1056750 2026-10-27T08:44:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waterik''' ni [[jina]] la [[kabila]] dogo la [[Waniloti]] ambalo huhesabiwa katika kabila kuu la [[Wakalenjin]]. Wanakadiriwa kuwa 120,000<ref>www.ethnologue.com</ref> na kuishi hasa katika [[kaunti ya Kakamega]] na [[kaunti ya Nandi]] nchini [[Kenya]]. ==Lugha== Wao huongea [[Kiterik]], [[lahaja]] ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kikalenjin]], mojawapo ya [[lugha za Kiniloti]]. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * Heine, Bernd (1992) 'Dialect death: the case of Terik', in Brenzinger (ed.) ''Language Death – Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa''. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 255&ndash;272. * Omosule, Monone (1989) 'Kalenjin: the emergence of a corporate name for the 'Nandi-speaking tribes' of East Africa', ''Genève-Afrique'', 27, 1, pp.&nbsp;73&ndash;88. * Roeder, Hilke (1986) ''Sprachlicher Wandel und Gruppenbewusstsein bei den Terik. (Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'', Beiheft 7). Hamburg: Helmut Buske. ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://kalenjin.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=category&amp;sectionid=9&amp;id=63&amp;Itemid=92 Kalenjin Online - Terik] *[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=10448&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Terik] at UNESCO Communication and Information / Safeguarding endangered languages. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190921215405/http://www.terik.org/ Terik Community Program] *[http://blogs.warwick.ac.uk/kseroney/entry/terik_language_meeting/ Minutes of a Terik language meeting at Kapsengere] {{Makabila ya Kenya}} {{mbegu-utamaduni-KE}} [[Category:Makabila ya Kenya]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Nandi]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Kakamega]] dkcccmrhpr8keuy9jyq4r9263vfwsqj 14 114406 1611327 1209787 2026-10-26T13:38:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Kenya kwa eneo|Meru]] [[Jamii:Kaunti ya Meru]] 9a6g43bn2vms0yz3ezoctz13telskyw 14 134804 1611341 1244197 2026-10-26T13:50:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanaharakati nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|H]] iow5ipfn7cxzschzy3sao74ofyc0jbv 0 140706 1611521 1606930 2026-10-27T07:36:53Z Ziv 68200 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar.png]] → [[File:Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar.svg]] → File replacement: jpg/png/gif to svg vector image ([[c::c:GR]]) 1611521 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Souleymane_Mboup_on_Dakaractu_TV.jpg|thumb| Mboup akihojiwa kuhusu COVID-19 mnamo 2020]] '''Souleymane Mboup''' (amezaliwa [[1951]]) ni Msenegal [[mtaalamu]] wa [[viumbe hai]], mtafiti wa matibabu, na kanali katika vikosi vya wanajeshi vya [[Senegal]]. Mnamo [[1985]], alikuwa mshiriki wa timu ya kwanza kutambua ''Aina ya VVU-2'',<ref>Piot, Peter. No Time to Lose: A Life in Pursuit of Deadly Viruses. United Kingdom, W. W. Norton, 2012, p. 172.</ref> aina ya VVU ambayo hupatikana sana [[Afrika]] Magharibi na haiwezi kuambukizwa kuliko VVU-1 ya kawaida.<ref>Campbell-Yesufu, Omobolaji T, and Rajesh T Gandhi. “Update on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-2 infection.” ''Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America'' vol. 52,6 (2011): 780-7. doi:10.1093/cid/ciq248</ref> Mboup amechangia kuboresha miundombinu ya utafiti wa [[Senegal]] katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake. Miongoni mwa kazi zake zilizochapishwa, anajulikana kwa kuhariri kitabu cha kumbukumbu cha UKIMWI katika [[Afrika]] mwaka [[1994]]''reference book AIDS in Africa.'' Mboup kwa sasa ni Rais wa L'Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formations (IRESSEF) huko Diamniadio, [[Senegal]].<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Présentation Iressef|url=https://iressef.org/presentation-iressef/|access-date=6 June 2020|website=Iressef|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2020-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922082550/https://iressef.org/presentation-iressef/}}</ref> == Elimu == Mboup alipata digrii ya [[ufamasia]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar]] mnamo mwaka [[1976]] na MS katika Immunology kutoka Taasisi ya Pasteur mnamo mwaka [[1981]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1983]], alipata PhD katika Bacteriology Virology kutoka Université de Tours.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Souleymane MBOUP – Global Resarch and Advocacy Group|url=http://globalresearchandadvocacygroup.org/professor-souleymane-mboup/|access-date=6 June 2020|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122731/http://globalresearchandadvocacygroup.org/professor-souleymane-mboup/}}</ref> == Kazi == === Kazi ya mapema === Baada ya kumaliza PhD yake, Mboup alirudi Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar cha Shule ya Tiba na Pharmacy kama profesa wa microbiology.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=12 May 2018|title=Souleymane Mboup: le scientifique sénégalais premier à découvrir le VIH-2|url=https://afrotribune.com/souleymane-mboup-le-scientifique-senegalais-premier-a-decouvrir-le-vih-2/|access-date=12 June 2020|website=Afrotribune|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122730/https://afrotribune.com/souleymane-mboup-le-scientifique-senegalais-premier-a-decouvrir-le-vih-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mboup alielekeza utafiti wake kwa wafanyabiashara wa ngono wa Dakar na magonjwa ya zinaa (STDs) waliyoambukizwa. Alifanya utafiti huu katika maabara yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Boston|first1=677 Huntington Avenue|last2=Ma 02115 +1495-1000|date=29 June 2018|title=The Senegal Sex Workers Study|url=https://aids.harvard.edu/the-senegal-sex-workers-study/|access-date=12 June 2020|website=Harvard AIDS Initiative|language=en-us}}</ref> === Kutambua VVU-2 === [[Picha: HIV-SIV-phylogenetic-tree1.svg|thumb| Mti wa filogenetiki wa virusi vya SIV na VVU, pamoja na VVU-2]] Mnamo [[1985]], miaka miwili tu baada ya kumaliza masomo, utafiti wa Mboup wa wafanyabiashara wa ngono wa Dakar ulisababisha ugunduzi wa aina mpya ya VVU. Mkusanyiko wa asili wa sampuli za damu za Mboup kutoka kwa wafanyikazi wa ngono wa Senegal, zilipopimwa na Phyllis Kanki wa Shule ya Afya ya Umma, ilionyesha uhusiano wa karibu na Virusi vya Ukosefu wa Kinga ya Simian kuliko VVU-1 inayojulikana. <ref name=":1" /> Mboup baadaye alikusanya sampuli mpya kutoka kwa wanawake hao hao na kusafirisha bakuli 30 za damu kwenda Merika. <ref name=":0" /> Maabara ya Mboup wakati huo haikuwa na vifaa vya kutosha kwa utafiti zaidi wa sampuli na iliajiri mafundi wawili tu, kwa hivyo Mboup alifanya kazi katika maabara ya Profesa Max Essex katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Ushirikiano wa Mboup na timu yake na timu ya Max Essex ilisababisha kupatikana kwa VVU-2, aina tofauti ya VVU ya kisayansi.<ref name=":1" /> Utafiti uliofuata na ripoti iliyochapishwa ilikusanya sampuli kutoka kwa wafanyabiashara wa ngono 289 huko Dakar, mji mkuu wa [[Senegal]].<ref name=":2" /> Mboup, pamoja na Max Essex, Phyllis Kanki, na mwenzake wa Ufaransa, waliwasilisha kitambulisho chao cha aina mpya ya VVU mnamo [[Novemba]] [[1985]] katika Kongamano la Kimataifa la UKIMWI wa Afrika huko Brussels, [[Ubelgiji]].<ref name=":5">{{Rejea habari|last=Wanene|first=Wilson|date=January–February 1995|title=Pioneering Africa's Research|pages=45–47|work=Africa Report|url=https://www.aaionline.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jan_Feb1995_MozambiqueABetterFuture-2.pdf|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122730/https://www.aaionline.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Jan_Feb1995_MozambiqueABetterFuture-2.pdf}}</ref> === Ushirikiano juu ya VVU-2 === ==== Asili ==== Ingawa Mboup na timu yake walikuwa wamegundua ushahidi wa virusi vya pili vya upungufu wa kinga mwilini mnamo mwaka [[1985]], virusi hivyo bado haikuwa imetengwa au kujulikana kama VVU-2.<ref name=":3">Clavel F, Guétard D, Brun-Vézinet F, et al. Isolation of a new human retrovirus from West African patients with AIDS. ''Science''. 1986;233(4761):343‐346. doi:10.1126/science.2425430</ref> Baada ya utafiti wa Mboup wa 1985, ushirikiano uliibuka ili kuendelea kutafiti aina hii mpya ya virusi na athari zake. Timu ya Mboup katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar pamoja na Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, na vyuo vikuu vingine viwili vya Ufaransa viliunda ushirikiano. Lengo la taasisi zinazofanya kazi pamoja ilikuwa kuunda timu ya utafiti ambayo ilikuwa sawa katika michango yake. Ijapokuwa maabara ya Mboup haikufadhiliwa au kuendelezwa kitaalam kama Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard wakati huo, Mboup alisisitiza hitaji la ushirikiano sawa ili kuhakikisha ushirikiano huo hautengani na [[Senegal]] na [[Afrika]] Magharibi na badala yake ingeleta miundombinu ya utafiti na fursa kwa [[Senegal]].<ref name=":1" /> ==== Uelewa zaidi wa VVU-2 ==== Baada ya utambuzi wa awali wa aina mpya ya VVU, Mboup na timu yake, pamoja na muungano mpya, walilenga utafiti wao huko Dakar. Lengo la kuendelea na utafiti kati ya washirika ilikuwa kuelewa asili ya aina hii mpya ya VVU. Mboup na washirika wake walilenga kutafiti wafanyikazi wa ngono huko Dakar kwa muda, kwani hii ndio idadi ya watu wa kwanza wa VVU-2 walioambukizwa. Uwezo wa utafiti ulipokua, kliniki za STD za Dakar na wafanyikazi wa ngono ambao walitibiwa katika kliniki hizo zikawa njia kwa timu kupima na kufuatilia maendeleo na maambukizi ya virusi. Baada ya muda, idadi ya masomo yaliyohusika katika utafiti wa muungano ilikua ni pamoja na wanawake elfu chache.<ref name=":1" /> Mafanikio ya kufanya kazi katika kliniki za STD na kufuatilia wafanyikazi wa ngono iliwezekana na sheria za Senegal zinazozunguka kazi ya ngono. Kufanya biashara ya ngono kulihalalishwa nchini Senegal mnamo [[1969]] na wafanyikazi wote wa ngono wanahitajika kusajili taaluma yao kwa serikali na kupokea uchunguzi wa mara kwa mara na vipimo vya magonjwa ya zinaa.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Mgbako|first1=Chi|last2=Smith|first2=Laura|date=2011|title=Sex Work and Human Rights in Africa|url=https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=2202&context=ilj|journal=Fordham International Law Journal|volume=33|issue=4|pages=1212–1215}}</ref> Utafiti wa Mboup na washirika wake kutoka [[1985]] hadi [[1993]] ulisababisha hitimisho kwamba VVU-2 haina nguvu sana kuliko VVU-1. Utafiti huu ulichapishwa katika Sayansi, jarida la kitaaluma, mnamo [[Septemba]] [[1994]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Marlink|first1=R|last2=Kanki|first2=P|display-authors=1|date=9 September 1994|title=Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1|url=https://science.sciencemag.org/content/265/5178/1587|journal=Science|volume=265|issue=5178|pages=1587–1590|doi=10.1126/science.7915856|pmid=7915856|bibcode=1994Sci...265.1587M}}</ref> Ingawa Mboup hajatajwa kama mwandishi wa utafiti huu, alikuwa mshirika.<ref name=":5" /> Uchunguzi zaidi kupitia ushirikiano pia umebaini kuwa VVU-2 haipatikani kuliko VVU-1 na kwamba wanawake walioambukizwa VVU-2 wana uwezekano mdogo wa kupata VVU-1 kuliko wale ambao hawajaambukizwa. Ushirikiano wa Mboup juu ya VVU wanaosoma wafanyabiashara ya ngono wa Senegal ulidumu zaidi ya miaka 25. Takwimu zilizokusanywa wakati wa ushirikiano sio tu uelewa wa VVU, lakini pia hutumiwa leo kuarifu utafiti juu ya magonjwa mengine ya kuambukiza huko Afrika Magharibi.<ref name=":1" /> === L'Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Ufuatiliaji Épidémiologique et de Formations (IRESSEF) === Mnamo 2017, Mboup alianzisha IRESSEF, taasisi ya utafiti wa umma. IRESSEF ilianzishwa ili kutoa utafiti wa kina na mafunzo nchini [[Senegal]] na kuwaweka Waafrika miongoni mwa watafiti bora zaidi ulimwenguni. Shirika hufanya mafunzo ya magonjwa na mafunzo kwa lengo la kutoa huduma ya afya inayopatikana na kukuza uelewa wa magonjwa barani Afrika. IRESSEF inashirikiana na serikali ya Senegal, taasisi zingine na mashirika ya kiserikali kote [[Afrika]], na taasisi za Magharibi. Miradi ya hivi karibuni ni pamoja na utafiti juu ya VVU, Ebola, Kifua Kikuu, na Malaria.<ref name=":6" /> === Michango ya miundombinu ya utafiti nchini Senegal === Wakati wa kazi ya Mboup juu ya VVU-2, aliweka kipaumbele katika kuongeza miundombinu na uwezo wa utafiti wa Senegal. Mnamo 1985, maabara ya Mboup ilikuwa na mafundi wa maabara wawili tu na ilikosa vifaa vya kufanya kazi vizuri. Alikuwa kiongozi katika ushirikiano wa utafiti juu ya VVU kati ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar, Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, na vyuo vikuu vingine viwili vya Ufaransa. Kama kiongozi, alihakikisha kuwa rasilimali za kutosha zimewekezwa katika miundombinu ya utafiti wa [[Senegal]], kwani [[Senegal]] ilikuwa eneo la masomo ya ushirikiano.<ref name=":1" /> Wakati wa ushirikiano, Mboup alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Phyllis Kanki, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, ambaye alimsaidia kufamhamisha na kukuza uwezo wa Mboup na maabara mengine ya [[Senegal]] kupunguza njia. Hatimaye maabara ya Mboup ya Bakteria na Virolojia katika Hospitali ya Le Dantec, ilikua na kuwa moja ya maabara ya utambuzi yenye vifaa vingi barani Afrika, na wafanyikazi wa zaidi ya 40 kama ya [[1995]]. === Ushirika === Mbali na nafasi yake na Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar, Mboup ameshikilia nyadhifa katika mashirika kadhaa wakati wote wa kazi yake. Mboup alikuwa mratibu wa Senegal wa Mkataba wa Chuo Kikuu cha Utafiti juu ya Virusi vya Binadamu na Magonjwa Yanayohusiana. Mikutano ya mjadala huu ulitokea [[Desemba]] [[1986]] na [[Desemba]] [[1987]]. Washiriki walijumuisha Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, Chuo Kikuu cha Dakar, Chuo Kikuu cha Tours, na Chuo Kikuu cha Limonges.<ref>Socialdepartementet, Sweden, Statens bakteriologiska laboratorium (Sweden), Karolinska institutet, and World Health Organization. ''Abstracts 3103-7102''. IV International Conference on AIDS: Stockholm International Fairs, Stockholm, Sweden, 12–16 June 1988, 1988. <nowiki>https://books.google.com/books?id=C-5voqdMOEcC</nowiki>.</ref> Mboup aliwahi kuwa mshauri wa Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni mnamo [[1987]] alipopelekwa [[Benin]] kufanya utafiti wa magonjwa juu ya VVU.<ref name=":5" /> Mnamo [[1991]], Mboup aliongoza Mkutano wa Sita wa Kimataifa juu ya UKIMWI barani [[Afrika]]. Mkutano huu ulikuwa na watafiti zaidi ya 2,000 kutoka kote Afrika na ulifanyika [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]].<ref name=":5" /> Mnamo [[1998]], Mboup alikua kiongozi wa Timu ya Huduma ya UKIMWI ya [[Senegal]] katika Taasisi ya UKIMWI ya ''Harvard Enhancing Care Initiative''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Souleymane MBOUP – Global Resarch and Advocacy Group|url=http://globalresearchandadvocacygroup.org/professor-souleymane-mboup/|access-date=17 June 2020|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122731/http://globalresearchandadvocacygroup.org/professor-souleymane-mboup/}}</ref> Mpango huu ulidumu kwa miaka 5.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Boston|first1=677 Huntington Avenue|last2=Ma 02115 +1495-1000|date=26 March 2015|title=Timeline|url=https://aids.harvard.edu/timeline/|access-date=17 June 2020|website=Harvard AIDS Initiative|language=en-us}}</ref> Mboup alisimamia mipango kadhaa ya sera ya umma ya [[Senegal]] ya kupambana na VVU na UKIMWI nchini humo kama kiongozi wa Programu ya Ufuatiliaji wa UKIMWI ya Sentinel ya Senegal na Mpango wa Kitaifa wa UKIMWI wa [[Senegal]]. Mboup pia amewahi kuwa rais wa Mtandao wa Utafiti wa Ukimwi wa [[Afrika]]<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Quist-Arcton|first=Ofeibea|date=5 July 2001|title=Senegal: 'This Is My Whole Life'- A Scientist's Dedication To Defeating AIDS|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200107050030.html|access-date=17 June 2020|website=allAfrica.com|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> na ni mwakilishi wa zamani wa [[Afrika]] kwenye Baraza la Uongozi la Jumuiya ya UKIMWI la Kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Former IAS Governing Council Members|url=https://www.iasociety.org/Who-we-are/Governance/Former-IAS-Governing-Council-Members|access-date=17 June 2020|website=www.iasociety.org|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122730/https://www.iasociety.org/Who-we-are/Governance/Former-IAS-Governing-Council-Members}}</ref> == Vikosi vya Wanajeshi vya Senegal == Mboup alihudhuria Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Afya ya Kijeshi ya [[Senegal]] na mwishowe akapanda cheo cha Kanali katika Kikosi cha Wanajeshi cha [[Senegal]].<ref name=":4" /> Kabla ya kustaafu kutoka kwa Jeshi, Mboup alihudumu katika Muungano wa Kijeshi dhidi ya VVU / UKIMWI kama mratibu wa Afrika.<ref name=":7" /> == Kazi mashuhuri == Mboup ameandika au kuandika kwa pamoja zaidi ya machapisho 200 na vitabu 18.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Team Senegal|url=https://www.prolifica.africa/team-partners/the-hepatitis-b-team-in-senegal|access-date=6 June 2020|website=Prolifica|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122731/https://www.prolifica.africa/team-partners/the-hepatitis-b-team-in-senegal|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kazi mashuhuri zinazohusiana na utafiti wa Mboup juu ya VVU ni pamoja na: * '' UKIMWI barani Afrika, '' kitabu kamili cha marejeo<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=AIDS in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/aidsinafrica02edunse|date=2002|publisher=Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers|others=Essex, Myron.|isbn=0-306-47817-X|edition=2nd|location=New York|oclc=614686047}}</ref> * '' Ushahidi wa Serolojia Kwa Virusi vinavyohusiana na Simian T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus III kwa Wakazi wa Afrika Magharibi '', nakala ya utafiti ya 1985 iliyochapishwa katika [[The Lancet]] ikiripoti ushahidi wa kwanza wa kisayansi wa VVU-2<ref name=":2">Barin, F et al. “Serological evidence for virus related to simian T-lymphotropic retrovirus III in residents of west Africa.” ''Lancet'' vol. 2,8469-70 (1985): 1387-9. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)92556-5</ref> * '' Ulinzi wa Asili Dhidi ya Maambukizi ya VVU-1 Yanayotolewa na VVU-2 ''<ref>Travers, Karin, et al. “Natural Protection Against HIV-1 Infection Provided by HIV-2.” ''Science'', vol. 268, no. 5217, 1995, pp. 1612–1615. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/2888631. Accessed 6 June 2020.</ref> * '' Virusi vya chini vya Ukosefu wa kinga ya mwili (VVU) Aina ya 2 ya Mzigo wa Virusi Inaonyesha Tofauti ya Ugonjwa wa VVU-1 na VVU-2 ''<ref>Popper, Stephen J., et al. “Lower Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 2 Viral Load Reflects the Difference in Pathogenicity of HIV-1 and HIV-2.” ''The Journal of Infectious Diseases'', vol. 180, no. 4, 1999, pp. 1116–1121. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/30109911. Accessed 6 June 2020.</ref> == Tuzo == [[File:Order of Merit - Grand Cross (Senegal) - ribbon bar.svg|alt=Green and yellow ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of Merit - Grand Cross|thumb|218x218px|Ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of Merit - Grand Cross]] [[File:SEN Order of the Lion - Knight BAR.png|alt=Ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of the Lion - Knight|thumb|Ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of the Lion - Knight]] [[File:Palmes académiques - Chevalier (Senegal) - ribbon bar.gif|alt=Ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of Academic Palms - Knight|thumb|Ribbon bar of the Senegalese Order of Academic Palms - Knight]] Mboup amepokelewa na kutambuliwa ulimwenguni kwa utafiti na kazi yake.<ref name=":4" /> Tuzo mashuhuri ni pamoja na: * Tuzo ya 1 ya Jumuiya ya UKIMWI ya Afrika (SAA), Dakar, 1991 * Arthur Houghton Jr. Tuzo ya Crystal Star (Taasisi ya Afrika ya Amerika), New York, 1994 * Tuzo ya 1 ya Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Kifamasia cha Ufaransa cha "Pharmacy ya Kifaransa", Paris, 2000 Tuzo ya El fasi (Vyuo Vikuu vya Kifaransa), Ubelgiji, 2004 * Tuzo ya Pascoal Mocumbi (Ulaya na Nchi zinazoendelea Ushirikiano wa Majaribio ya Kliniki | EDCTP), Lisbon, 2018<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=EDCTP Prizes 2018|url=http://www.edctp.org/prizes/edctp-prizes-2018/|access-date=17 June 2020|website=EDCTP|language=en-US}}</ref> Mboup amepewa tuzo nyingi ''Amri, mapambo, na medali za Senegal | Daraja za Kitaifa'' nchini [[Senegal]], ambazo ni tuzo kubwa zaidi kitaifa kwa michango bora kwa nchi. Mnamo [[2019]], Mboup alipandishwa kwa kiwango cha Grand Cross katika Agizo la Sifa la Senegal. Hii ndio cheo cha juu zaidi ambacho mtu anaweza kupata katika Agizo la Thamani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Senegalese Order of Merit and the National Order of Lion|url=http://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/national-associations|access-date=17 June 2020|website=www.presidence.sn|accessdate=2021-08-06|archivedate=2021-10-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008090427/https://www.presidence.sn/en/presidency/national-associations}}</ref> Anashikilia pia cheo cha ''Knight of the Order of Academic Palms na Knight'' wa [[Agizo la Kitaifa la Simba]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=News|first=Xalima|date=22 March 2014|title=Professeur Souleymane Mboup: Une nouvelle distinction dans son palmarès|url=https://xalimasn.com/professeur-souleymane-mboup-une-nouvelle-distinction-dans-son-palmares/|access-date=1 July 2020|website=Xalima.com|language=fr-FR|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806122732/https://www.xalimasn.com/professeur-souleymane-mboup-une-nouvelle-distinction-dans-son-palmares/|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{Clear}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mboup, Souleymane}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d38xg0lfdfsdsewfmsjs5c7tupmjexg 14 142851 1611345 1193596 2026-10-26T13:51:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanariadha nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ireland|R]] 73xcfiula9liw45bhq6vup34dlhf9kh 14 143105 1611365 1194673 2026-10-26T14:00:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Washairi nchi kwa nchi|W]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|S]] fa1vdzmqc0sk4e3086ehwmcthakmwal 0 143190 1611409 1536278 2026-10-26T15:23:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint Romain.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Sanamu]] yake huko [[Rouen]].]] '''Romano wa Rouen''' (pia: '''Romain'''; alifariki [[Neustria]], leo nchini [[Ufaransa]], [[640]] hivi) alikuwa [[askofu]] wa [[Rouen]], [[Ufaransa]]<ref>Four ''Lives of Saint Romain'' exist - one is a Latin verse version of the 8th century, another is a prose life addressed to the [[archbishop of Rouen]] by the doyen of Saint-Médard de [[Soissons]]. Those two lives are held in the Bibliothèque municipale de Rouen, whilst another ''Life'' is held by the [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] in Paris.</ref>. Alibomoa hadi [[msingi|misingi]] yake [[hekalu|mahekalu]] ya [[Upagani|Kipagani]] ambayo yalikuwa yanahudhuriwa bado sana [[mji|mjini]], alihimiza [[Adili|waadilifu]] wazidi kutenda mema na alijitahifi kufanya waovu wasiendelee kutenda mabaya <ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/74870</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[23 Oktoba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Vyanzo== * Jean-Patrick Beaufreton, ''La Seine Normande'', Éditions Alan Sutton, 2001 * Alain Alexandre, ''Saint Romain, de la légende à la foire'', collection histoire(s) d'agglo n°4, January 2001 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Saint Romain}} *{{fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20210920114553/http://www.rouen-histoire.com/Saint-Romain/Histoire.htm Iconography and Bibliography] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070404015343/http://www.fairrosa.info/dragon/gargouille.html The Story of the Gargouille] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Romano wa Rouen}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 640]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] snd7plxouodurzw306aalj3j29uejx4 0 147636 1611432 1525594 2026-10-26T18:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Wairimu Mwarangu''' (née '''Sheila Wairimu''' ), ni [[mhandisi]] mshauri [[Mhandisi Majengo|wa kiraia]] na miundombinu, ambaye ni mshirika na [[Mkurugenzi|mkurugenzi mkuu]] katika [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722052239/http://www.gathara.co.ke/ Gathara & Partners Consulting Civil and Structural Engineers], kampuni ya uhandisi ya ushauri kutoka [[Kenya]] huko [[Nairobi]], mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi la Kenya. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|format=PDF|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|date=2017|accessdate=25 November 2017|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|author=Business Daily Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=25 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page|title=Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited|author=Sheila Mwarangu|accessdate=25 November 2017}}</ref> == Historia na elimu == Alipata Shahada yake ya Uhandisi (BEng) katika mnamo [[2002]], kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester . Aliendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo cha Imperial London, ambapo alitunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (MSc) katika Uhandisi wa Miundombinu, mnamo [[2003]]. Pia ana shahada ya Mtendaji wa MBA (EMBA) kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya IESE, iliyotunukiwa mwaka [[2015]]. Baadaye, mwaka [[2016]], alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) kutoka [[Strathmore Business School|Shule ya Biashara ya Strathmore]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=25 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page|title=Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited|author=Sheila Mwarangu|accessdate=25 November 2017}}Sheila Mwarangu (25 November 2017). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page "Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited"]. [[LinkedIn]]. Retrieved 25 November<</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game|title=Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=31 December 2011|first=Grace|author=Wekesa}}</ref> == Familia == Ni mama wa watoto wawili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|format=PDF|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|date=2017|accessdate=25 November 2017|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|author=Business Daily Africa}} web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBusiness_Daily_Africa2017">Business Daily Africa (2017). [http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf "Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya"] . Nairobi: [[Nation Media Group]]accessdate">. Retrieved {{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game|title=Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=31 December 2011|first=Grace|author=Wekesa}} id="CITEREFWekesa2011">Wekesa, Grace (31 December 2011). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game "Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game"]. ''[[Kiwango (Kenya)|The Standard (Kenya)]]''. Nairobi. Retrieved </ref> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722052239/http://www.gathara.co.ke/ Tovuti ya Gathara & Partners Consulting Civil and Structural Engineers] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi nchi kwa nchi]] qlztuvw6oymaqalesx6b8avshcziqnh 0 152475 1611484 1527829 2026-10-27T04:02:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611484 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukanda wa Ankeniheny-Zahamena''' (CAZ) ni eneo kubwa la hifadhi ya misitu iliyohifadhiwa mashariki mwa [[Madagaska]] . <ref>{{Rejea habari}}</ref> CAZ inajumuisha takriban 3,810km za mraba, na kuifanya kuwa moja ya maeneo makubwa ya misitu ya [[Msitu wa mvua|mvua]] iliyobaki nchini. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://satoyama-initiative.org/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor-a-field-demonstration-model-conservation-international-madagascar/|title=International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative » Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, a field demonstration model|work=satoyama-initiative.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-04-02|archivedate=2017-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403014800/http://satoyama-initiative.org/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor-a-field-demonstration-model-conservation-international-madagascar/}}</ref> Zaidi ya spishi 2,000 za mimea zimerekodiwa katika CAZ, karibu 1,700 ambazo zinapatikana katika eneo hilo. <ref name=":0" /> Eneo hili ndilo chanzo kikuu cha maji katika sehemu ya mashariki na magharibi ya Madagaska. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Landscapes for People, Food and Nature Initiative {{!}} Corridor Ankeniheny Zahamena, Madagascar|url=http://peoplefoodandnature.org/landscape/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor/|accessdate=2020-08-25|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222230121/http://peoplefoodandnature.org/landscape/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor/|archivedate=2020-02-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> lilipokea hadhi ya hifadhi ya maliasili mwaka wa [[2015]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor, Madagascar: "The economic viabilities of carbon offsetting are ridiculous" {{!}} REDD-Monitor|url=https://redd-monitor.org/2020/02/27/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor-madagascar-the-economic-viabilities-of-carbon-offsetting-are-ridiculous/|accessdate=2020-08-25|work=redd-monitor.org|archivedate=2020-09-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200903234945/https://redd-monitor.org/2020/02/27/ankeniheny-zahamena-corridor-madagascar-the-economic-viabilities-of-carbon-offsetting-are-ridiculous/}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] [[Jamii:Mazingira]] 4whrar54nxx78eemm0giq8oc8abp4ku 14 153603 1611357 1237243 2026-10-26T13:58:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:waandishi nchi kwa nchi|W]] [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|A]] aymkti7sic5siavhbtzj7r9zhysbn9z 14 155839 1611337 1240881 2026-10-26T13:49:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|F]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|I]] dtvq5poe8ujey083pn3ysuan4n1rwun 14 157402 1611340 1244169 2026-10-26T13:50:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanafizikia nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|F]] nn3ndwdnfp730anegmays2pxknk7rjs 14 157429 1611344 1244305 2026-10-26T13:51:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|M]] r7ytxty79twowep1cpkcki6eynwhodm 14 157443 1611338 1244327 2026-10-26T13:49:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|I]] fmb9y0mp7nlg69qdrlycff6drbc03pd 0 159121 1611371 1523123 2026-10-26T14:03:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Owain Glyndŵr portrait.png|thumb|Picha ya Owain Glyndmamir kutoka kwa muhuri wake mkuu]] '''Owain ap Gruffydd''' (1359 hivi - 1415 hivi), anajulikana kama '''''Owain Glyndmirar''''' au '''''Glyn Dmirar''''' (matamshi [ˈoʊain ɡlɨ̞nˈduːr], aliyetafsiriwa kama '''''Owen Glendower'''''), alikuwa [[kiongozi]] wa [[Wales]] aliyeongoza vita ya mda mrefu ya kupigania uhuru dhidi ya utawala wa [[Uingereza]] huko [[Wales]] wakati wa zama za Kati. Aliunda [[Bunge]] la kwanza la Wales na alikuwa [[mwanamume]] wa mwisho mzaliwa wa asili wa Wales kushikilia cheo cha Mwanamfalme wa [[Wales]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=RCAHMW {{!}} In the steps of Owain Glyndŵr|url=https://rcahmw.gov.uk/in-the-steps-of-owain-glyndwr|work=rcahmw.gov.uk|accessdate=2022-09-20}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=OWAIN GLYNDWR (c. 1354 - 1416), 'Prince of Wales' {{!}} Dictionary of Welsh Biography|url=https://biography.wales/article/s-OWAI-GLY-1354|work=biography.wales|accessdate=2022-09-20}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Owen Glendower (Owain Glyndwr), last Welsh Prince of Wales|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Owen-Glendower-Owain-Glyndwr/|work=Historic UK|accessdate=2022-09-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> Owain Glyndmirar alikuwa mzao wa kifalme wa [[Powys]] kupitia baba yake [[Gruffudd Fychan II]], mrithi [[Tywysog]] wa [[Powys Fadog]] na Lord of [[Glyndyfrdwy]].<ref name=":1" /> Kupitia kwa mama yake, Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn alikuwa mzao wa mwanamfalme wa [[Deheubarth]],<ref name=":0" /> na kupitia kwake Glyndmather pia alikuwa mzao wa [[Llywelyn the Great]] wa [[Nyumba ya kifalme ya Gwynedd ya Aberffraw]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Owen Glendower (Owain Glyndwr), last Welsh Prince of Wales|url=https://www.historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofWales/Owen-Glendower-Owain-Glyndwr/|work=Historic UK|accessdate=2022-09-20|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Welisi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1359]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1415]] 7uduuhkx6ye4n5a91w0v3isk66uumpq 0 159694 1611587 1511437 2026-10-27T10:26:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_rasmi = Eire ya Kaskazini |jina_asili= Tuaisceart Éireann ([[Kieire]])</br>Northern Ireland ([[en]]) |bendera= |nembo= |kaulimbiu= |wimbo= "God Save the King" (Ya kifalme) |ramani= Northern Ireland in the UK and Europe.svg |mji_mkuu_na_mkubwa = Belfast |majiranukta1= |majiranukta2= |lugha_rasmi= [[Kiingereza]]</br>Kigaeli cha Eire |kiongozi1 = Charles III |kiongozi2= Michelle O'Neill |cheo_kiongozi1= Mfalme |cheo_kiongozi2= Waziri Mkuu |muundo_uhuru= '''Historia''' |tukio1= Muungano na Uingereza |tukio2= Mgawanyiko wa Ireland |tukio3= Mkataba wa Ijumaa Kuu |tukio4= |tukio1_tarehe= 1801 |tukio2_tarehe= 1921 |tukio3_tarehe= 1998 |tukio4_tarehe= |eneo_jumla= 14,330 |cheo_eneo= |maji= 7% |ardhi= 13,181 |watu_sensa = 1,903,175 |mwaka_senaa= 2021 |msongamano = 135 |pato_ppp= |pato_ppp_kwa_mtu= |cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = |plt= {{increase}} £56.7 bilioni |mwaka_pato= 2022 |plt_kwa_mtu= {{increase}} $29,674 |cheo_plt_kawaida = |cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu |mwaka_maendeleo= 2021 |maendeleo= {{increase}} 0.887 </br> {{juu sana}} |gini = 33.2 |mwaka_gini= 2017 |fedha= [[Pauni ya Uingereza]] (£) |majira_saa= +0 GMT / BST (UTC+1 katika majira ya joto) |udereva= Kushoto |msimbo_simu= 44 |tld= .uk }} '''Eire Kaskazini''' (pia: '''Ayalandi ya Kaskazini'''; kwa [[Kiingereza]]: '''Northern Ireland'''; kwa [[Kieire]]: '''Tuaisceart Éireann''') ni nchi mojawapo ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]], iliyoko kaskazini-mashariki mwa [[kisiwa]] cha [[Eire]]. Ikiwa na [[idadi]] ya watu takriban [[milioni]] 1.9, ni [[taifa]] dogo zaidi kwa idadi ya watu ndani ya [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] na ina eneo la takriban [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 14,130. [[Jiji]] lake kubwa na [[mji mkuu]] ni [[Belfast]]. ==Historia== Eire Kaskazini ilijitenga rasmi na [[Eire|Jamhuri ya Eire]] mnamo Mei 3, 1921, kufuatia mgawanyiko chini ya Sheria ya Serikali ya Eire ya 1920. Ni kwamba baada ya [[Vita vya uhuru vya Eire]] [[bunge]] la [[London]] kwa [[sheria]] ya mwaka [[1920]] (Government of Ireland Act 1920) liligawa Ireland katika sehemu mbili za Northern Ireland na Southern Ireland. Wabunge waliochaguliwa katika Ireland ya Kusini walijitangaza kuwa bunge la Eire na kwa mapatano ya mwaka [[1922]] [[uhuru]] wa Eire ulitambuliwa. Nchi mpya ilijiita tangu [[1937]] "Jamhuri ya Eire" na kuendelea kama nchi ya pekee. Mikoa ya Northern Ireland iliendelea kuwa sehemu za Ufalme wa Muungano. Ndani ya ufalme huo, mwaka [[1999]] [[Uskoti]], [[Welisi]] na Ireland ya Kaskazini zilirudishiwa mabunge yao ya pekee. ==Watu== Kadiri ya [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2021]], wakazi ni 1,903,100<ref>Simpson, Mark (24 May 2022). "Census: Northern Ireland population just under 2m". BBC News. Retrieved 22 September 2022.</ref>. Wengi wao ni [[Mzungu|Wazungu]] (96.6%), wakifuatwa na [[Afrika|Waafrika]] (0.6%), [[Uhindi ya Kiingereza|Wahindi]] (0.5%) na [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|Wachina]] (0.5%). [[Kiingereza]] ni [[Lugha ya kwanza|lugha mama]] kwa [[asilimia]] 95.4 za wakazi na [[lugha rasmi]] pamoja na [[Kieire]]. Upande wa [[dini]], wengi ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] (76.6%), hasa [[Kanisa Katoliki|Wakatoliki]] (42.3%) na [[Uprotestanti|Waprotestanti]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali (37.3%). Wenye dini tofauti ni 1.3%, wakati 17.4% [[wasio na dini|hawana dini yoyote]] au hawakujibu swali. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * [[Jonathan Bardon]], ''A History of Ulster'' (Blackstaff Press, Belfast, 1992), ISBN|0-85640-476-4 * Brian E. Barton, ''The Government of Northern Ireland, 1920–1923'' (Athol Books, 1980) * [[Paul Bew]], Peter Gibbon and Henry Patterson '' The State in Northern Ireland, 1921–72: Political Forces and Social Classes, Manchester'' (Manchester University Press, 1979) *{{Rejea kitabu |author=Tony Geraghty |title=The Irish War |url=https://archive.org/details/irishwarhiddenco00mrto |url-access=registration |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8018-7117-7 |author-link=Tony Geraghty}} * [[Robert Kee]], ''The Green Flag: A History of Irish Nationalism'' (Penguin, 1972–2000), ISBN|0-14-029165-2 * Osborne Morton, ''Marine Algae of Northern Ireland'' (Ulster Museum, Belfast, 1994), ISBN|0-900761-28-8 * Henry Patterson, ''Ireland Since 1939: The Persistence of Conflict'' (Penguin, 2006), ISBN|978-1-84488-104-8 * P. Hackney (ed.) ''Stewart's and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland'' 3rd edn. (Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University of Belfast, 1992), ISBN|0-85389-446-9 (HB) ==Viungo vya nje== {{Sister project links|voy=Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland}} * [https://www.northernireland.gov.uk/ Northern Ireland Executive] (Northern Ireland [[Devolution|devolved]] government) * [http://www.discovernorthernireland.com/ Discover Northern Ireland] ([[Northern Ireland Tourist Board]]) * {{osmrelation|156393}} {{mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Eire ya Kaskazini]] [[Jamii:Ireland]] [[Jamii:Ufalme wa Muungano]] 35gm9ls6x314nr0suqb284124sca4x2 0 161624 1611546 1514084 2026-10-27T09:41:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:HR Logo CC&L RGB Large.jpg|thumb|Nembo ya High Resolves]] '''High Resolves''' (au ''High Resolves Initiative'') ni [[shirika]] lisilo la kiserikali la Kimataifa kwa ajili ya [[vijana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.acnc.gov.au/charity/b848808f2450d9cc9c2ef198a59b4c27 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2022-11-26 |archivedate=2022-11-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126134929/https://www.acnc.gov.au/charity/b848808f2450d9cc9c2ef198a59b4c27 }}</ref> Madhumuni ya programu za High Resolves ni kuelimisha wanafunzi wa [[shule]] ya upili kwa maana ya kuwa raia wa kimataifa.<ref>Tavangar, Homa Sabet (2009). ''Growing Up Global: Raising Children to Be At Home in the World''. New York: Random House (Ballantine Books). uk. 69–70.</ref> Programu za Masuluhisho ya Juu zilitokana na uigaji uliotayarishwa na mwanzilishi mwenza Mehrdad Baghai na Mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobel]] Thomas Schelling katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Chuo kikuu cha Harvard]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=As intolerance and extremism increase, High…|url=https://mcnultyfound.org/impact/stories/high-resolves|work=McNulty Foundation|date=2023-03-13|accessdate=2023-03-14|language=en|author=McNulty Foundation}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:mashirika ya kimataifa]] [[Jamii:African Youth Month 2022]] frf8d58wns7s92s2ooojn40xg3xu0v3 0 163412 1611523 1269446 2026-10-27T08:22:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{umbo}} '''Wanawake na Mazingira''', mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[1960]], maslahi ya [[wanawake]] na uhusiano wao na [[mazingira]] yalichochewa kwa kiasi kikubwa na [[kitabu]] kilichoandikwa na [[Esther Boserup]] kinachoitwa ''Jukumu la Mwanamke katika Maendeleo ya Uchumi''. Kuanzia miaka ya [[1980]], watunga sera na [[serikali]] wakaanza kuzingatia zaidi uhusiano kati ya mazingira na masuala ya kijinsia.<ref name=GDRC>{{cite web|title=The Global Development Research Center|url=http://www.gdrc.org/|access-date=2012-04-10}}</ref> Mabadiliko yalianza kufanywa kuhusiana na usimamizi wa [[maliasili]] na mazingira kwa kuzingatia jukumu maalumu la wanawake. Kulingana na [[Benki ya Dunia]] mnamo [[1991]], wanawake wana jukumu muhimu katika usimamizi wa rasilimali za asili, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[udongo]], [[maji]], [[misitu]] na [[nishati]]... na mara nyingi wana ujuzi wa kina wa jadi na wa kisasa katika ulimwengu wa asili unaowazunguka".<ref name=WorldBanK>{{cite web|url=http://www.gdrc.org/gender/gender-envi.html|title=Gender and the Environment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929201115/http://www.gdrc.org/gender/gender-envi.html|archivedate=2019-09-29|accessdate=2023-01-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ingawa wanawake hapo awali walikuwa wamepuuzwa au kupuuzwa, kulikuwa na ongezeko la tahadhari kwa athari za wanawake kwenye mazingira asilia na, kwa upande mwingine, mazingira yana matokeo muhimu juu ya [[afya]] na ustawi wa wanawake. Mahusiano ya kijinsia na mazingira yana matokeo muhimu kwa ufahamu wa asili kati ya wanaume na wanawake, usimamizi na usambazaji wa rasilimali na majukumu, na maisha ya kila siku na ustawi wa watu.<ref name=Env&Planning>Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2011, volume 29, pages 237–253</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wiki in Activism]] [[Jamii:Mazingira]] [[Jamii:wanawake]] 46zq9nam5iwhb8bzd9es8qq2yh2qwts 0 163665 1611423 1485946 2026-10-26T18:06:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackson Daudi Mukangara''' (maarufu kama '''Seneta Worldwide''', alizaliwa [[Tanzania]], [[16 Desemba]] [[1987]]) ni msanii wa [[Bongo Flava|muziki wa kizazi kipya]] na mtunzi wa mashairi nchini Tanzania. Amefanikiwa kujizolea umaarufu mwaka [[2002]] baada ya kutoa [[wimbo]] wake wa kwanza uitwao Pili na Lili na kuufanya umtambulishe katika tasnia ya muziki wa [[Bongo Flava]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Seneta Worldwide|title=Official Website of Seneta Worldwide|url=https://www.seneta.com/|website=Seneta Worldwide|access-date=29 November 2025|archive-date=2022-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414153145/http://seneta.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Forbes|title=Seneta Worldwide: Global Market Impact|url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/seneta-worldwide|website=Forbes|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref> ==Elimu na maisha ya awali== Seneta Worldwide alisoma shule ya msingi Mlimani iliyopo jiini [[Dar es Salaam]] kuanzia darasa la awali mpaka kufikia kuhitimu darasa la saba na kisha kuendelea na [[elimu ya sekondari]] katika shule ya Shaaban Robert iliyopo jijini [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]] na kwenda kumalizia elimu yake ya sekondari nchini [[kenya]] katika shule ya sekondari Peponi School. Pia akiwa huko nchini [[kenya]] alipata nafasi ya kujiunga na elimu ya juu katika chuo cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kimataifa cha Marekani - Afrika|United States International University]] na kuweza kuhitimu na kutunukiwa [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya kwanza ya biashara. akiwa bado anaishi huko nchini [[kenya]] ndoto zake za kuwa mwanamuziki zilianzia huko nchini [[Kenya]] taratibu kabla ya kuanza safari ya maisha yake ya [[muziki]] rasmi nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Reuters|title=Seneta Worldwide News and Updates|url=https://www.reuters.com/companies/seneta-worldwide|website=Reuters|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref> == Shughuli za Muziki == Jackson Daudi Mukangara au maarufu kwa jina la Seneta Worldwide nyota huyu wa [[Bongo Flava]] alizidi kujipatia umaarufu wake pale alipopata nafasi ya kuimba kwenye uzinduzi wa Album ya [[Mr. II|Mr II]] (Sugu) katika ukumbi wa Diamond Jubilee [[24 Desemba|Desemba 24]], [[2009]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam]] (kwenye Mkesha wa [[Krismasi]]). Baada ya kujipatia mashabiki mbalimbali nchini [[Tanzania]] hapa ndipo kipaji chake kiliweza kuonekana zaidi kwa kuonyesha uwezo wake mahiri wa kutoa burudani kwa mashabiki nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Bloomberg|title=Seneta Worldwide Company Profile|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/seneta-worldwide|website=Bloomberg|access-date=29 November 2025}}</ref> Aliweza kukubalika na kufanikiwa kwenye [[muziki]] wa [[Bongo Flava]] kwa uwezo wake wa kuimba nyimbo mbalimbali na uwezo huo ulifika hatua ya kuweza kushirikiana na baadhi ya wasanii wa nchini [[Tanzania]] kama vile Country boy, [[Mr. Blue|Mr Blue Byser]], [[Foby]], [[Godzilla (mwimbaji)|King Zilla]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Seneta Seneta Ft Country boy & Foby - Bata|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3jdv2wmsx3k|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Seneta Worldwide feat Mr Blue - MANUA (Official Music Video)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFLxnrcVVdM|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref> Katika harakati zake za [[muziki]] msanii Seneta Worldwide alishawahi kuachia wimbo uliofanya vizuri sana [[Tanzania]] na hatimaye kuweza kuvuka mipaka hadi kufikia nchini [[Kenya]] alipokuwa akifanya masomo yake kwa miaka kadhaa na kuweza kuongeza mashabiki kwenye nchi hii ya jirani na [[Tanzania]], wimbo huo uitwao Andazi aliutoa mnamo mwaka [[2010]].<ref>{{Citation|title=andazi.mp4|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqxUvgUFQVU|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref> Katika safari yake ya [[muziki]] nchini [[Tanzania]] msanii Seneta Worldwide anayeimba muziki wake kwa style ya [[Bongo Flava]] alishaitwa na kushiriki kwenye matamasha makubwa nchini [[Tanzania]] kama vile FIESTA ya mwaka [[2012]] tamasha ambalo linaandaliwa na Clouds Fm na pia kwa tamasha la BARKWABAR linaloandaliwa na kituo cha redio cha EFM.<ref>{{Citation|title=@senetaworldwidePERFORMS LIVE #efm #BAKWABAR CONCERT #DAR ES SALAAM #TANZANIA #BUNJU @EDigitalTanzania|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCqxLfF0VSo|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2023-02-02}}</ref> Vivyo hivyo alishawahi kushinda tuzo ya msanii bora akiwa masomoni [[Kenya]] (Best Pop Idol).<ref>{{cite web|last=Business Today|title=Seneta Worldwide Expands Operations Globally|url=https://www.businesstoday.com/seneta-worldwide-expansion|website=Business Today|access-date=29 November 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} == Viungo vya nje == https://web.facebook.com/KissFmTanzania/videos/kmw/627363191820683/?_rdc=1&_rdr <nowiki/> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Tanzania]] t8hdt8jo9umg97d7f4hb4p4dipc1pvj 1 166176 1611522 1344642 2026-10-27T07:59:48Z Deborah John Ngira 52259 /* Maelezo yanahitajika */ Jibu 1611522 wikitext text/x-wiki == Maelezo yanahitajika == Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Deborah John Ngira|Deborah John Ngira]], Je, makala hii ulitafasiri kutoka katika makala ya kiingereza? kama ndivyo tafadhari naomba jina la makala ya kiingereza. Aamni kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 00:28, 14 Machi 2023 (UTC) :High Resolves '''[[Mtumiaji:Deborah John Ngira|Deborah John Ngira]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Deborah John Ngira|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 18 Julai 2024 (UTC) :Habari @[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|Magotech]] :ndio nilitoa katika makala ya kingereza '''[[Mtumiaji:Deborah John Ngira|Deborah John Ngira]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Deborah John Ngira|majadiliano]])''' 07:59, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j3a6a4neg10auh3dnj7nsc8zq9djuws 14 169371 1611342 1280104 2026-10-26T13:51:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamichezo|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|C]] d6tv4mgdgfaa1pavbenruxmpyew0tia 14 169384 1611362 1280123 2026-10-26T13:59:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Wanamichezo|W]] [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|C]] rpqlzp2cy5yrhbxzyapdvaswa21n1n4 0 171775 1611451 1527088 2026-10-27T01:22:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611451 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joel Theophilus Afelokhai''' (alizaliwa [[7 Aprili]] 1988) ni mchezaji wa [[kandanda]] wa Nigeria ambaye anacheza kama [[golikipa]]. Theophilus ni mshindi wa taji nyingi za Ligi ya Mpira wa Miguu huko [[Nigeria]] wakati akiichezea klabu kama Kano Pillars, Enyimba, na Rivers United. ==Kazi== Afelokhai alijiunga na klabu ya Rivers United kutoka klabu ta Enyimba mwaka wa [[2020]]. Akawa mwanasoka anayelipwa zaidi katika Ligi ya Nigeria ya Professional Football.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://spnafricanews.com/most-expensive-npfl-star-afelokhai-speaks-on-rivers-united-switch|title= Most expensive NPFL star, Afelokhai speaks on Rivers United switch|website=spnafricanews.com}}</ref> ==Mtindo Anaocheza== Afelokhai asiyejulikana sana na miguu yake kutoka nyuma, ana sifa nzuri ya kupiga mashuti na kuokoa moja kwa moja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/5-things-to-know-about-super-eagles-goalkeeper-afelokhai/knfjk6z|title=5 things to know about Super Eagles goalkeeper Afelokhai|website=pulse.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814181429/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/5-things-to-know-about-super-eagles-goalkeeper-afelokhai/knfjk6z|archivedate=2022-08-14|accessdate=2023-06-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Ushiriki Kitaifa== Afelokhai aliitwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[timu]] ya [[taifa]] ya kandanda ya [[Nigeria]] mwaka wa 2018 baada ya jeraha lililomfanya kutochaguliwa kwa mara ya huko klabu ya Francis Uzoho.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url= https://www.goal.com/en-ng/amp/news/enyimbas-theophilus-afelokhai-replaces-uzoho-for-south/4n0g0e32f05o1pox3k10wmu4o|title= Enyimba's Theophilus Afelokhai replaces Uzoho for South Africa, Uganda clashes|website=Goal.com}}</ref> ==Heshima== '''Ushindi''' '''Kano Pillars''' * NPFL: 2011-2012, 2012-2013, 2013–2014 '''Enyimba F.C.''' * NPFL: [[2019]] '''Rivers United''' * NPFL: [[2021]]-2022 ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo Vya Nje== * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/173040/ Theophilus Afelokhai ] katika Soccerway {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 29vtfdz32fq13b3klkvecokwu6laalf 0 173670 1611314 1525168 2026-10-26T13:14:28Z Zafer 21927 Photo changed 1611314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sandy Brondello Australia 20260311 (2) (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|right|200px| Sandy Brondello]] '''Sandra Anne Brondello''' (alizaliwa tarehe 20 [[Agosti]] [[1968]]) ni kocha wa mpira wa kikapu wa wanawake kutoka [[Australia]], na kwa sasa ni kocha mkuu wa timu ya New York Liberty katika ligi ya WNBA. Brondello alikuwa mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu nchini Australia, [[Ujerumani]], na ligi ya WNBA kabla ya kustaafu na kuwa kocha. Brondello, mwenye urefu wa futi 5 inchi 7 (mita 1.70), ni mmoja wa walinzi bora wa mpira wa kikapu wa kushambulia wa Australia wa wakati wote. Alicheza katika timu ya taifa ya Australia "Opals" katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya majira ya joto mara nne na alishinda medali tatu (moja ya shaba, mbili za fedha). Alihudhuria Taasisi ya Spoti ya Australia kuanzia mwaka [[1986]]-[[1987]], na aliteuliwa katika Ukumbi wa Watu Maarufu wa Mpira wa Kikapu wa Australia mwaka [[2010]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sandy Brondello {{!}} Basketball Australia|url=http://www.basketball.net.au/hall_of_fame/sandy-brondello-2/|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-08-10|accessdate=2023-07-30|archivedate=2014-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810201553/http://www.basketball.net.au/hall_of_fame/sandy-brondello-2/}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Australia]] hy2p7f2bomec63h96t0g1snydi4p1ry 0 181312 1611455 1527305 2026-10-27T02:08:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tomo Matsukawa''' (alizaliwa [[1 Novemba]] [[1993]]), ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] nchini [[Japani]] ambae alichezea klabu ya [[wanawake]] ya Albacete.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.masquealba.com/alba/alba-femenino/item/20003-tomo-matsukawa-llega-al-funda-para-aportar-y-hasta-puede-dar-clases-de-japones-en-la-ciudad.html|title=TOMO MATSUKAWA LLEGA AL FUNDA PARA APORTAR Y HASTA PUEDE DAR CLASES DE JAPONÉS EN LA CIUDAD|website=masquealba|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005162536/https://www.masquealba.com/alba/alba-femenino/item/20003-tomo-matsukawa-llega-al-funda-para-aportar-y-hasta-puede-dar-clases-de-japones-en-la-ciudad.html|archivedate=2023-10-05|accessdate=2024-04-30|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.eldigitaldealbacete.com/2016/09/30/tomo-matsukawa-ya-luce-los-colores-del-fundacion-albacete-nexus/|title=Tomo Matsukawa ya luce los colores del Fundación Albacete Nexus - El Digital de Albacete}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://as.com/futbol/2017/06/02/mas_futbol/1496433796_973085.html|title=Tomo Matsukawa, una japonesa en la tierra de Andrés Iniesta|website=AS.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sdeibar.diariovasco.com/eibar-femenino-arranca-20190730181724-nt.html|title=El Eibar femenino arranca la pretemporada con una plantilla renovada|website=El Diario Vasco}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Japani]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Japani]] 6eyubove9i85stoqnp1uvou36i9rktv 0 185748 1611405 1464214 2026-10-26T15:19:01Z Zafer 21927 Photo changed 1611405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Caitlin Clark 12 United States 20260913 (6) (cropped).JPG|thumb|Caitlin Clark]] '''Caitlin Clark''' (alizaliwa [[22 Januari]] [[2002]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayekua kwa umaarufu kwa uchezaji wake wa kitaaluma. Clark alicheza katika timu ya chuo cha Iowa Hawkeyes na ameonyesha uwezo mkubwa kama [[mchezaji]] wa point guard. Kwa uchezaji wake wa kipekee, amekuwa na athari kubwa katika [[soka]] la [[Mwanamke|wanawake]] la [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] na amepewa sifa kwa ujuzi wake wa kucheza [[mpira]], kutunga na kutoa michango ya pekee kwenye uwanja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last1=Linder |first1=Jeff | title = Ashley Joens is Miss Iowa Basketball 2018|url=https://www.thegazette.com/basketball/ashley-joens-is-miss-iowa-basketball-2018/ |website=[[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa)|The Gazette]] |access-date=August 26, 2023 | date = Machi 5, 2018|archive-date=August 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827191720/https://www.thegazette.com/basketball/ashley-joens-is-miss-iowa-basketball-2018/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Rain |first1=Matthew |title=Dowling Catholic's Caitlin Clark, an Iowa recruit, named McDonald's All-American |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/sports/high-school/2020/01/23/caitlin-clark-iowa-hawkeyes-recruit-named-mcdonalds-all-american/4556375002/ |access-date=25 January 2025 |work=Des Moines Register |date=January 23, 2020 |quote=Clark is the first Iowa girl selected to the McDonald's All-American Game since 2011, when Linn-Mar's UConn-bound Kiah Stokes received the honor.}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [https://hawkeyesports.com/roster/caitlin-clark/ Wasifu wa Iowa Hawkeyes] {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] imetz2yea2nriteqiob5i1bca9huh0g 14 191226 1611347 1366078 2026-10-26T13:52:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|S]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa nchi kwa nchi|I]] kgt3yvkl1gzmdf1p2smprr8xtity41i 14 195370 1611361 1376379 2026-10-26T13:59:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611361 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Watu wa Welisi|H]] [[Jamii:wanaharakati nchi kwa nchi|W]] 2fdx5x29lmjk4olnftvjnte5iuaduml 14 195379 1611364 1376648 2026-10-26T13:59:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanateolojia nchi kwa nchi|W]] [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|T]] 89gkhuyjexnuzuewklopwrcgsj8gsuj 14 195386 1611346 1376677 2026-10-26T13:52:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasaikolojia nchi kwa nchi|I]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|S]] taxga232li5dkmigjh3lrpuuy1tpe30 14 195401 1611363 1376699 2026-10-26T13:59:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanamuziki nchi kwa nchi|W]] [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|M]] 3wugrtjb0n1j7dk4m2kxkcffqd913z1 0 196240 1611370 1382289 2026-10-26T14:02:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hugh Meirion Roberts''' ([[11 Septemba]] [[1934]] – [[6 Januari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa kimataifa wa mpira wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Wales]]. <ref>{{cite web|title=WRU recognises contribution of north Wales|url=https://community.wru.wales/2008/01/15/wru-recognises-contribution-of-north-wales/|website=Welsh Rugby Union|date=15 January 2008}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Welisi]] l6abljpt2s6fjkkyzmmcw3bxiu3t6wd 0 197071 1611595 1384980 2026-10-27T10:54:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611595 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yoon Ju-yeong''' ([[26 Julai|Julai 26]], [[1928]] – [[6 Januari|Januari 6]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Korea Kusini]]. Aliyekuwa mshirika wa chama cha kisiasa cha ''Yushin'' [ko], alihudumu katika [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa kuanzia [[1973]] hadi [[1979]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://rokps.or.kr/profile/profile_view.asp?idx=111|title=윤주영(尹冑榮)|work=Republic of Korea Parliamentarian Society|language=Korean|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114172752/https://rokps.or.kr/profile/profile_view.asp?idx=111|archivedate=2025-01-14|accessdate=2025-01-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Korea Kusini]] n8la772s48u6lytwuokcmwwod4w673c 0 201902 1611419 1590104 2026-10-26T17:56:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611419 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sean Young''' (alizaliwa Aprili 20, [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa kitaalamu wa [[Kanada]] anayecheza kama kiungo kwa timu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi kuu ya Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-rookie-sean-young-proud-to-carry-the-flag-for-vancouver-island|title=Pacific FC rookie Sean Young proud to carry the flag for Vancouver Island|date=August 7, 2020|first=Charlie|last=O'Connor-Clarke|work=[[Pacific FC]]|accessdate=2025-02-18|archive-date=2022-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225145/https://pacificfc.canpl.ca/article/pacific-fc-rookie-sean-young-proud-to-carry-the-flag-for-vancouver-island|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cheknews.ca/chek-upside-victoria-teen-achieves-soccer-dream-with-pacific-fc-686827/|title=CHEK Upside: Victoria teen achieves soccer dream with Pacific FC|date=July 25, 2020|work=Chek News|first=Kevin|last=Charach}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/sports/pacific-fc-signs-homegrown-soccer-product/|title=Pacific FC signs homegrown soccer product|first=Aaron|last=Guillen|date=August 4, 2020|work=Vancouver Island Free Daily|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225142/https://www.vancouverislandfreedaily.com/sports/pacific-fc-signs-homegrown-soccer-product/|archivedate=2022-11-25|accessdate=2025-02-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highlandersfc.ca/news/sean-young-signs-1st-professional-contract|title=Sean Young signs 1st professional contract|date=July 27, 2020|work=[[Victoria Highlanders FC]]}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 11jnn4of3txxrtzp0yz0dnyyp3d2vet 0 202423 1611454 1469685 2026-10-27T01:56:58Z Medelam 5546 +image 1611454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Walter Erbì (2026).jpg|thumb|Walter Erbì.]] '''Walter Erbì''' (alizaliwa [[Torino]], 8 Januari [[1968]]) ni [[askofu]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Italia]] ambaye anahudumu katika Huduma ya Kidiplomasia ya [[Vatikani]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy]]|language=it|access-date=23 July 2022|title=Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica, Ex-alunni 1950 – 1999|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdeccles/documents/1950-1999.htm}}</ref> == Wasifu == Walter Erbì [[Upadirisho|alipadrishwa]] kuwa kasisi wa [[Dayosisi]] ya [[Iglesias]] tarehe 10 Mei 1992.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2022/07/16/220716b.html|title=220716b, 16.07.2022|access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.laprovinciadelsulcisiglesiente.com/2022/07/mons-walter-erbi-originario-di-domusnovas-e-stato-nominato-nunzio-apostolico-in-liberia/|title=Mons. Walter Erbì, originario di Domusnovas, è stato nominato dal Papa Nunzio Apostolico in Liberia|access-date=16 July 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:maaskofu Wakatoliki wa Italia]] b2v05fuiscfd8hh8rrgfs859g8ggl6j 0 202437 1611593 1470354 2026-10-27T10:50:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611593 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paolo Romeo''' ([[Acireale]], [[20 Februari]] [[1938]] - [[Catania]], [[25 Oktoba]] [[2026]]) alikuwa [[kardinali]] wa [[Italia]] na [[Askofu mkuu]] wa [[Palermo]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Askofu Mkuu wa Palermo na [[Papa Benedikto XVI]] tarehe 19 Desemba 2006.<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bromeo.html Paolo Cardinal Romeo], Catholic-Hierarchy.org</ref> ==Maisha== Romeo alikuwa mtoto wa tano kati ya watoto tisa. Baada ya kumaliza [[shule ya msingi]], aliingia [[seminari]] na kuanza kusoma [[teolojia]]. [[Askofu]] wake alimpeleka [[Roma]] mwaka 1959 kumaliza masomo yake ya kitaaluma, ambapo alipata leseni ya teolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Gregoriana na [[daktari]] wa [[sheria za Kanisa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kipapa cha Laterano. [[Upadirisho|Alipadrishwa]] kuwa kasisi tarehe 18 Machi 1961 katika kanisa la seminari ya Askofu wa Acireale, ambapo alisajiliwa katika [[Dayosisi]] ya Acireale. Aliendelea na masomo yake chuoni na kufanya huduma za kichungaji kama msaidizi wa kikundi cha [[Skauti]] "Roma IX" katika "Collegio San Giuseppe in Piazza di Spagna" na msaidizi wa dayosisi wa shirika la "Silenziosi Operai della Croce."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-91-1999-ocr.pdf|title=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|date=1999|volume=XCI|page=327|access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:waliofariki 2026]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki wa Italia]] e192uc0uu5bkteszhfmth595kzc97ww 0 202867 1611513 1610342 2026-10-27T06:38:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Valeriy Kalchenko.jpg|thumb|Valeriy Mykhailovych Kalchenko]] '''Valeriy Mykhailovych Kalchenko''' ([[Kiukraini]]: Валерій Михайлович Кальченко; [[24 Februari]] [[1947]] – [[22 Februari]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ukraini|Ukraine]] na [[mhandisi]] wa ujenzi. Aliwahi kushikilia wadhifa wa Waziri wa Masuala ya Dharura.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRsmr27pld8C&q=%22Valeriy+Kalchenko%22+-wikipedia|title=Daily Report: Central Eurasia|date=1996|publisher=The Service|page=41|language=en}}</ref><ref>https://suspilne.media/kropyvnytskiy/954939-u-kropivnickomu-pomer-persij-ministr-ukraini-z-pitan-nadzvicajnih-situacij-valerij-kalcenko/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Про відзначення нагородами України працівників підприємств, установ, організацій з нагоди 7-ї річниці незалежності України|url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/894/98|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України|language=uk}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Про відзначення державними нагородами України з нагоди 20-ї річниці підтвердження всеукраїнським референдумом Акта проголошення незалежності України 1 грудня 1991 року|url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1094/2011|access-date=2023-06-30|website=Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України|language=uk}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Elimu == Kuanzia [[1963]] hadi [[1967]], alisoma katika Chuo cha Ujenzi cha Kirovohrad. Baadaye, kati ya [[1970]] na [[1976]], alisoma katika Taasisi ya Uhandisi wa Ujenzi ya [[Odessa|Odesa]], ambako alihitimu katika Uhandisi wa Kiviwanda na Kiraia akiwa mhandisi wa ujenzi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] 4nkcopdg25vp6slsozbrzpwqah2w05t 0 204429 1611403 1524517 2026-10-26T15:07:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Roberto Vaquero Arribas''' (alizaliwa [[21 Mei]] [[1986]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Uhispania]]. Yeye ni katibu mkuu wa Chama cha Marxist–Leninist (Ujenzi Upya wa Kikomunisti) (PML (RC)) na rais wa Front Workers' Front (FO). Vaquero anaunga mkono ujamaa wa Uhispania, uzalendo wa Uhispania na ujamaa. Anapinga vyama vikuu vya mrengo wa kushoto kama vile Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) na Podemos. == Wasifu == Vaquero alizaliwa mjini [[Madrid]] tarehe 21 Mei 1986<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=seo-eedc |title=Sobre mí |url=https://robertovaquero.es/sobre-mi |access-date=2025-01-05 |website=Roberto Vaquero |language=es |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209211110/https://robertovaquero.es/sobre-mi |archivedate=2024-12-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> na kukulia katika mji wa nje wa Pozuelo de Alarcón na wilaya ya Moncloa-Aravaca. Alikuwa jirani wa utoto wa [[mwanasiasa]] Íñigo Errejón. Akiwa amelelewa na wazazi wahafidhina, alijiunga na Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Uhispania (PCE) akiwa na umri wa miaka 16. <ref name=mundo>{{cite news |last1=Mucha |first1=Martín |title=El alumno leninista de Pablo Iglesias que prepara a 250 jóvenes para el "combate"|trans-title=Pablo Iglesias's Leninist student who is preparing 250 youths for "combat" |url=https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2019/09/12/5d72d565fc6c83a3578b469c.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |date=12 September 2019 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Vaquero alihitimu katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Complutense cha Madrid, ambapo mmoja wa wahadhiri wake alikuwa Pablo Iglesias Turrión, baadaye mwanzilishi wa chama cha mrengo wa kushoto cha Podemos. Vaquero aliakisi mwaka wa [[2019]] kwamba hakumpenda Iglesias na kumwita Iglesias kama "mwanasiasa" ambaye alimuona kuwa hana tofauti na chama cha mrengo wa kushoto cha Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), akidai kuwa Iglesias alikana kuwepo kwa vita vya kitabaka. Vaquero alifanya kazi na mizigo kwenye uwanja wa ndege na kama mwanzilishi wa sinema, na pia kumiliki duka la kigeni la wanyama vipenzi huko Leganés. Alikanusha shutuma kwamba alitumia pesa za chama kuanzisha biashara hiyo. Baada ya kuhamia [[Barcelona]], ​​Vaquero alirudi Madrid kufanya kazi kwa usalama wa kibinafsi kwenye kumbi za burudani za usiku. Yeye ni mmoja wa waganga wakuu wa Uhispania wa Krav Maga. <ref name=olmo>{{cite news |last1=Olmo |first1=José María |title=Vaquero, el marxista que odia a Podemos, ataca el feminismo y no deja de sumar fieles|trans-title=Vaquero, the Marxist who hates Podemos, attacks feminism and can't stop adding followers |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2021-06-06/roberto-vazquez-marxista-escraches-podemos-feminismo_3105191/ |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=[[El Confidencial]] |date=6 June 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Mnamo [[2016]], Vaquero alifungwa gerezani kwa siku 49 kabla ya kulipa € 6,000 kwa dhamana. Alishtakiwa kwa kupatikana na vilipuzi na uanachama wa shirika la uhalifu linaloshirikiana na Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), ambalo linaainishwa kama shirika la kigaidi nchini Uhispania. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Ibáñez |first1=Isabel |title='Cruzados' y comunistas, juntos contra el Daesh|trans-title='Crusades' and communists, together against Daesh |url=https://www.elcorreo.com/bizkaia/internacional/oriente-proximo/201603/31/cruzados-comunistas-juntos-contra-20160331085926.html |access-date=26 October 2024 |work=[[El Correo]] |date=31 March 2016 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[2018]], Audiencia Nacional ilimfutia uanachama wa shirika la uhalifu na makosa ya vilipuzi, huku ikikataa ombi la Wizara ya Mashtaka la kupiga marufuku chama chake, ambacho kilikuwa kimesimamishwa kwa shughuli wakati wa mchakato wa kisheria. Alitiwa hatiani katika tukio la kwanza la uanachama wa kikundi cha uhalifu na makosa ya silaha, na kuhukumiwa miaka miwili na miezi mitatu. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Barber |first1=Ferran |title=La Audiencia condena a dos años de cárcel al 'Camarada Martos' por luchar contra el ISIS en Rojava|trans-title=Audiencia sentences 'Comrade Martos' to two years in prison for fighting against ISIS in Rojava |url=https://www.publico.es/politica/audiencia-condena-anos-carcel-camarada-martos-luchar-isis-rojava.html |access-date=26 October 2024 |work=[[Público (Spain)|Público]]|date=31 October 2018 |language=Spanish}}</ref> Mnamo [[2020]], Mahakama Kuu ya Uhispania ilipunguza kifungo chake kwa mwaka mmoja, na kufikia [[Desemba]] [[2021]] alikuwa akisubiri matokeo ya rufaa yake kwa Mahakama ya Kikatiba ya Uhispania. == Maoni ya kisiasa == Mashujaa wa kisiasa wa Vaquero ni Joseph Stalin na Enver Hoxha. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Colmenero |first1=Ricardo F. |title=Operación Stalin: la 'guerrilla' de Roberto y Fermín para implantar la "violencia revolucionaria"|trans-title=Operation Stalin: Roberto and Fermín's 'guerilla war' to bring about "revolutionary violence"|url=https://www.elmundo.es/cronica/2021/08/31/6128061de4d4d80b4e8b45b3.html |access-date=24 May 2024 |work=El Mundo |date=31 August 2021 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Stalini dhe Enver Hoxha në qendër të Madridit, partia spanjolle tubim nderues (Video)|trans-title=Stalin and Enver Hoxha in the centre of Madrid, Spanish party honouring rally (Video)|url=https://www.voxnews.al/aktualitet/si-nderohet-enver-hoxha-ne-madrid-nga-partia-spanjolle-marksiste-leni-i6622 |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=21 April 2022 |language=Albanian}}</ref> Anapendekeza serikali ya chama kimoja isiyo na soko la kibinafsi au mali. Wafuasi wa Vaquero wamehusika katika kuwafurusha, au kuwakejeli hadharani, wanasiasa kama vile Errejón, Iglesias na Yolanda Díaz ambao wanawashutumu kwa kusaliti tabaka la wafanyakazi. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] r4e7ct3bos1xyezmqmeue18r9xz5461 0 205640 1611352 1524130 2026-10-26T13:53:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Raya Dunayevskaya''' (alizaliwa '''Raya Shpigel''', alijulikana pia kwa jina bandia '''Freddie Forest''', [[1 Mei]] [[1910]] - [[9 Juni]] [[1987]]) alikuwa mwasisi wa falsafa ya Marxist humanism nchini [[Marekani]]. Aliwahi kuwa katibu wa Leon Trotsky, lakini baadaye aligawanyika na Trotsky na mwishowe kuanzisha shirika la News and Letters Committees na alikuwa kiongozi wake hadi kifo chake.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=June 13, 1987 |title=Raya Dunayevskaya Is Dead; Author Was Aide to Trotsky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/13/obituaries/raya-dunayevskaya-is-dead-author-was-aide-to-trotsky.html |journal=The New York Times}}</ref> ==Asili== Dunayevskaya alizaliwa katika Podolia Governorate ya Dola la [[Urusi]] (leo [[Ukraini]]) na alihamia Marekani mnamo 1922 (jina lake lilibadilika kuwa Rae Spiegel) na alijiunga na harakati za mapinduzi akiwa mtoto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=The Raya Dunayevskaya Internet Archive |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/index.htm |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=www.marxists.org}}</ref> ==Kazii== ===Trotskyismu=== Alikuwa mfuasi hai wa shirika la vijana la Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Marekani, alifukuzwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 na kupigwa ngazi alipokuwa akipendekeza kwamba wenzake wa eneo lake wachunguze jibu la Trotsky kuhusu Leon Trotsky#Kushindwa na uhamisho (1927–1928) kwake kutoka kwa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Sovieti]] na [[Comintern]]. Mwaka uliofuata alikuta kundi la Trotskyists huru huko [[Boston]], lilioongozwa na Antoinette Buchholz Konikow, mtetezi wa udhibiti wa uzazi na abortion halali.<ref name="Women Building Chicago">{{cite book|title=Women Building Chicago 1790-1990: A Biographical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/womenbuildingchi0000unse |chapter=Dunayevskaya, Raya |author-first=Terry |author-last=Moon |editor-first1=Rima Lunin |editor-last1=Schultz |editor-first2=Adele |editor-last2=Hast |date=2001 |location=Bloomington |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenbuildingchi0000unse/page/n319 238]–241 |isbn=9780253338525}}</ref>Katika miaka ya 1930, alichukua jina la ubikira la mama yake, Dunayevskaya.<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Frank |author-last=Rosengarten |title=Urbane Revolutionary: C. L. R. James and the Struggle for a New Society |url=https://archive.org/details/urbanerevolution0000rose |pages=[https://archive.org/details/urbanerevolution0000rose/page/n82 65] |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |date=2008}}</ref> ===Huru=== Akiwa amerudi Chicago mnamo 1938 baada ya kifo cha baba yake na nduguye, aligawanyika na Trotsky mnamo 1939 alipoendelea kudai kuwa Muungano wa Kisovieti ilikuwa "nchi ya wafanyakazi" licha ya Pakti ya Molotov–Ribbentrop. Alipinga wazo lolote kwamba wafanyakazi wanapaswa kuombwa kulinda "nchi ya wafanyakazi" iliyo na ushirikiano na Ujerumani ya Nazi katika vita vya [[dunia]]. Pamoja na wanateori kama C. L. R. James, na baadaye Tony Cliff, Dunayevskaya alidai kwamba Muungano wa Kisovieti ulikuwa "kapitali wa kimataifa". Mwishowe wa maisha yake, alisema kwamba kile alichokiita "maendeleo yangu halisi" kilianza tu baada ya kutengana na Trotsky.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Marxist-Humanism, an Interview with Raya Dunayevskaya |magazine=[[Chicago Literary Review]] |pages=16 |date=15 March 1985}}</ref> Utafiti wake wa wakati mmoja wa uchumi wa Kirusi na maandiko mapema ya Marx (baadaye yanayojulikana kama ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844''), ulileta nadharia yake kwamba si tu kwamba U.S.S.R. ilikuwa jamii ya "kapitali wa kimataifa", bali kwamba 'kapitali wa kimataifa' ilikuwa hatua mpya ya ulimwengu. Sehemu kubwa ya uchambuzi wake wa awali ilichapishwa katika ''The New International'' mwaka wa 1942–1943. === Chama cha Wafanyakazi === Mnamo 1940, alihusishwa na mgawanyiko katika Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti (Marekani) ambao ulisababisha kuundwa kwa Chama cha Wafanyakazi (WP), ambacho alishiriki kupinga tafsiri ya Trotsky kuhusu Umoja wa Kisovieti kama 'hali ya wafanyakazi iliyoharibika'. Ndani ya WP, alianzisha Johnson–Forest Tendency pamoja na C. L. R. James (akiwa "Freddie Forest" na yeye "J.R. Johnson", kwa majina yao ya wahadhari wa chama). Mwelekeo huo ulidai kwamba Umoja wa Kisovieti ulikuwa "kapitali wa kimataifa", huku wingi wa WP ukisisitiza kwamba ilikuwa [[uchumi]] wa kijamaa wa kiutawala. === Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti === Tofauti ndani ya WP ziliongezeka, na mnamo 1947, baada ya kipindi kifupi cha kuwepo kwa uhuru wakati walichapisha mfululizo wa nyaraka, mwelekeo huo ulirudi katika safu za SWP. Uanachama wao katika SWP ulitokana na msisitizo wa pamoja kwamba kulikuwa na hali ya kabla ya mapinduzi karibu na kona, na imani ya pamoja kwamba chama cha Lenin kilihitajika kuwepo ili kuchukua faida ya fursa zinazokuja.* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209115021/http://www.newsandletters.org/Raya_Dunayevskaya.htm Biography] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newsandletters.org/ |title=News and Letters Newspaper |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401085853/https://newsandletters.org/ |archivedate=2025-04-01 |accessdate=2025-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/node/2480 Raya Dunayevskaya Collection at Walter Reuther Library, Wayne State University]</ref> <ref>[http://struggle.net/mhf/archive.htm Archive at struggle.net]</ref> <ref>[http://libcom.org/tags/raya-dunayevskaya Libertarian Communist Library Raya Dunayevskaya holdings]</ref> <ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/index.htm Marxists Internet Archive Raya Dunayevskaya Archive]</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1910|1987}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 66n0nb3v5fcpb6xnoghx8bh45zrus1j 1611477 1611352 2026-10-27T03:46:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Raya Dunayevskaya''' (alizaliwa '''Raya Shpigel''', alijulikana pia kwa jina bandia '''Freddie Forest''', [[1 Mei]] [[1910]] - [[9 Juni]] [[1987]]) alikuwa mwasisi wa falsafa ya Marxist humanism nchini [[Marekani]]. Aliwahi kuwa katibu wa Leon Trotsky, lakini baadaye aligawanyika na Trotsky na mwishowe kuanzisha shirika la News and Letters Committees na alikuwa kiongozi wake hadi kifo chake.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=June 13, 1987 |title=Raya Dunayevskaya Is Dead; Author Was Aide to Trotsky |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/13/obituaries/raya-dunayevskaya-is-dead-author-was-aide-to-trotsky.html |journal=The New York Times}}</ref> ==Asili== Dunayevskaya alizaliwa katika Podolia Governorate ya Dola la [[Urusi]] (leo [[Ukraini]]) na alihamia Marekani mnamo 1922 (jina lake lilibadilika kuwa Rae Spiegel) na alijiunga na harakati za mapinduzi akiwa mtoto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=The Raya Dunayevskaya Internet Archive |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/index.htm |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=www.marxists.org}}</ref> ==Kazii== ===Trotskyismu=== Alikuwa mfuasi hai wa shirika la vijana la Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Marekani, alifukuzwa akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 na kupigwa ngazi alipokuwa akipendekeza kwamba wenzake wa eneo lake wachunguze jibu la Trotsky kuhusu Leon Trotsky#Kushindwa na uhamisho (1927–1928) kwake kutoka kwa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Sovieti]] na [[Comintern]]. Mwaka uliofuata alikuta kundi la Trotskyists huru huko [[Boston]], lilioongozwa na Antoinette Buchholz Konikow, mtetezi wa udhibiti wa uzazi na abortion halali.<ref name="Women Building Chicago">{{cite book|title=Women Building Chicago 1790-1990: A Biographical Dictionary |url=https://archive.org/details/womenbuildingchi0000unse |chapter=Dunayevskaya, Raya |author-first=Terry |author-last=Moon |editor-first1=Rima Lunin |editor-last1=Schultz |editor-first2=Adele |editor-last2=Hast |date=2001 |location=Bloomington |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/womenbuildingchi0000unse/page/n319 238]–241 |isbn=9780253338525}}</ref>Katika miaka ya 1930, alichukua jina la ubikira la mama yake, Dunayevskaya.<ref>{{cite book|author-first=Frank |author-last=Rosengarten |title=Urbane Revolutionary: C. L. R. James and the Struggle for a New Society |url=https://archive.org/details/urbanerevolution0000rose |pages=[https://archive.org/details/urbanerevolution0000rose/page/n82 65] |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |date=2008}}</ref> ===Huru=== Akiwa amerudi Chicago mnamo 1938 baada ya kifo cha baba yake na nduguye, aligawanyika na Trotsky mnamo 1939 alipoendelea kudai kuwa Muungano wa Kisovieti ilikuwa "nchi ya wafanyakazi" licha ya Pakti ya Molotov–Ribbentrop. Alipinga wazo lolote kwamba wafanyakazi wanapaswa kuombwa kulinda "nchi ya wafanyakazi" iliyo na ushirikiano na Ujerumani ya Nazi katika vita vya [[dunia]]. Pamoja na wanateori kama C. L. R. James, na baadaye Tony Cliff, Dunayevskaya alidai kwamba Muungano wa Kisovieti ulikuwa "kapitali wa kimataifa". Mwishowe wa maisha yake, alisema kwamba kile alichokiita "maendeleo yangu halisi" kilianza tu baada ya kutengana na Trotsky.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Marxist-Humanism, an Interview with Raya Dunayevskaya |magazine=[[Chicago Literary Review]] |pages=16 |date=15 March 1985}}</ref> Utafiti wake wa wakati mmoja wa uchumi wa Kirusi na maandiko mapema ya Marx (baadaye yanayojulikana kama ''Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844''), ulileta nadharia yake kwamba si tu kwamba U.S.S.R. ilikuwa jamii ya "kapitali wa kimataifa", bali kwamba 'kapitali wa kimataifa' ilikuwa hatua mpya ya ulimwengu. Sehemu kubwa ya uchambuzi wake wa awali ilichapishwa katika ''The New International'' mwaka wa 1942–1943. === Chama cha Wafanyakazi === Mnamo 1940, alihusishwa na mgawanyiko katika Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti (Marekani) ambao ulisababisha kuundwa kwa Chama cha Wafanyakazi (WP), ambacho alishiriki kupinga tafsiri ya Trotsky kuhusu Umoja wa Kisovieti kama 'hali ya wafanyakazi iliyoharibika'. Ndani ya WP, alianzisha Johnson–Forest Tendency pamoja na C. L. R. James (akiwa "Freddie Forest" na yeye "J.R. Johnson", kwa majina yao ya wahadhari wa chama). Mwelekeo huo ulidai kwamba Umoja wa Kisovieti ulikuwa "kapitali wa kimataifa", huku wingi wa WP ukisisitiza kwamba ilikuwa [[uchumi]] wa kijamaa wa kiutawala. === Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti === Tofauti ndani ya WP ziliongezeka, na mnamo 1947, baada ya kipindi kifupi cha kuwepo kwa uhuru wakati walichapisha mfululizo wa nyaraka, mwelekeo huo ulirudi katika safu za SWP. Uanachama wao katika SWP ulitokana na msisitizo wa pamoja kwamba kulikuwa na hali ya kabla ya mapinduzi karibu na kona, na imani ya pamoja kwamba chama cha Lenin kilihitajika kuwepo ili kuchukua faida ya fursa zinazokuja.* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060209115021/http://www.newsandletters.org/Raya_Dunayevskaya.htm Biography] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.newsandletters.org/ |title=News and Letters Newspaper |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401085853/https://newsandletters.org/ |archivedate=2025-04-01 |accessdate=2025-03-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/node/2480 Raya Dunayevskaya Collection at Walter Reuther Library, Wayne State University]</ref> <ref>[http://struggle.net/mhf/archive.htm Archive at struggle.net]</ref> <ref>[http://libcom.org/tags/raya-dunayevskaya Libertarian Communist Library Raya Dunayevskaya holdings]</ref> <ref>[http://www.marxists.org/archive/dunayevskaya/index.htm Marxists Internet Archive Raya Dunayevskaya Archive]</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1910|1987}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Ukraine]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] mritmxadoj91730onpodr9oz61cdadw 4 208508 1611289 1611200 2026-10-26T12:34:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1611289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 615 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2600 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 362 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 792 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35102 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7656 || ↑ +6.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 44.0 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 615 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 2 || [[Komori]] || 538 || ↑ +412.4% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 391 || ↑ +6.5% |- | 4 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↓ -4.8% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 297 || ↓ -8.0% |- | 6 || [[Madagaska]] || 273 || ↑ +80.8% |- | 7 || [[Sierra Leone]] || 230 || ↑ +296.6% |- | 8 || [[Nigeria]] || 205 || ↑ +2.0% |- | 9 || [[Armenia]] || 185 || ↑ +270.0% |- | 10 || [[Hispania]] || 177 || ↑ +6.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.5% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 6fcbdf7f30zyhr1t8olz7kpo4ltxk0w 1611294 1611289 2026-10-26T12:38:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1611294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-26) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-26)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 615 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2600 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 619 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 362 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 391 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 339 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 375 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 205 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 373 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 792 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 268 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 234 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 297 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 305 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 273 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 230 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35102 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23069 || ↑ +1.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 132.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2600 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 792 || ↑ +398.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 619 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 615 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 538 || ↑ +412.4% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 433 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 391 || ↑ +6.5% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↓ -4.8% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 373 || ↑ +7.8% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 354 || ↑ +24.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.5% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} b6makctdm7sq8zual00kgvwh4n4hahz 1611488 1611294 2026-10-27T04:22:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1611488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 588 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2571 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 334 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 794 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35102 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 23069 || ↑ +1.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 132.6 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2600 || ↓ -24.7% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 792 || ↑ +398.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 619 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 615 || ↓ -6.1% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 538 || ↑ +412.4% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 433 || ↓ -6.3% |- | 7 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 391 || ↑ +6.5% |- | 8 || [[Burundi]] || 375 || ↓ -4.8% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 373 || ↑ +7.8% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 354 || ↑ +24.6% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.5% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 54z3ktx34pnxx98an7c291310z1lhk4 1611490 1611488 2026-10-27T04:33:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1611490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 588 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2571 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 334 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 794 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35102 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22700 || ↓ -1.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 130.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2571 || ↓ -25.4% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 794 || ↑ +396.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 618 || ↓ -10.6% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 588 || ↓ -11.7% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 548 || ↑ +432.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 433 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 376 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 374 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 368 || ↑ +7.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 344 || ↑ +19.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.5% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 48oriyzvhptiowgthklwcqsrwe0jwug 1611602 1611490 2026-10-27T11:52:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1611602 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 588 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2571 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 334 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 794 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35102 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22700 || ↓ -1.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 130.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2571 || ↓ -25.4% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 794 || ↑ +396.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 618 || ↓ -10.6% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 588 || ↓ -11.7% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 548 || ↑ +432.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 433 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 376 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 374 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 368 || ↑ +7.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 344 || ↑ +19.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.5% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} or41u5xdro67bq2hd8zq3vtxuekfm83 1611603 1611602 2026-10-27T11:55:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1611603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-27) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-27)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 588 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2571 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 618 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 369 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 374 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 334 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 376 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 219 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 142 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 794 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 281 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 162 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 295 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 296 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 548 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 177 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 182 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35104 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 22700 || ↓ -1.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 130.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2571 || ↓ -25.4% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 794 || ↑ +396.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 618 || ↓ -10.6% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 588 || ↓ -11.7% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 548 || ↑ +432.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 433 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 376 || ↓ -6.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 374 || ↓ -3.4% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 368 || ↑ +7.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 344 || ↑ +19.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 363 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} op9bcvf8pp2qix8zi6ph3a1e35v3em9 0 208822 1611496 1608658 2026-10-27T05:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Chad | picha = Flag of Chad.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Chad | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 200 | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa na Kiarabu | lugha_nyingine = Sara, Kanembu, Teda, Dazaga, na nyinginezo | vyakula_vikuu = Boule (ugali wa mtama), daraba, samaki wa Ziwa Chad, nyama ya kondoo na ng’ombe | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 55%), Ukristo (takriban 41%), na dini za jadi }} [[File:Tailor in Chad.jpg|thumb|Fundi nguo na muuzaji wa nguo za asili za Chad.]] '''Utamaduni wa [[Chad]]''' unaakisi mchanganyiko wa tamaduni zaidi ya 200 kutoka kwa makabila mbalimbali yanayoishi nchini humo. Utofauti huu wa kikabila na kidini umeunda urithi wa aina yake wa kijamii, kisanaa na kiimani unaojitokeza katika maisha ya kila siku ya watu wa Chad. Katika maeneo ya mijini kama [[N'Djamena]], [[Moundou]], na [[Abéché]], mwingiliano wa tamaduni umeongeza mseto wa maisha ya kisasa na ya jadi, huku maeneo ya vijijini yakihifadhi kwa ukaribu zaidi mila za asili. == Makabila == Makabila makubwa nchini Chad ni pamoja na [[Wasara]], [[Wakanembu]], [[Waarabu]], [[Wamasalit]], [[Watebu]] na [[Wafulani]]. Kila kundi lina lugha, mila, na desturi zake. Wasara, wanaoishi kusini mwa nchi, wanajulikana kwa sherehe za kitamaduni kama yondo, ambazo huashiria utu uzima kwa vijana. Wakanembu, walioko karibu na [[Ziwa Chad]], ni warithi wa moja ya milki kongwe barani Afrika [[Milki ya Kanem-Bornu]] ambayo ilistawi kuanzia karne ya 9 hadi ya 19. Waarabu wa Chad, hasa [[Waarabu wa Shuwa]] na [[Waarabu wa Baggara]], walifika kupitia uhamiaji kutoka Afrika Kaskazini na Mashariki ya Kati, na walieneza [[Uislamu]] pamoja na biashara ya misafara ya jangwani. Watebu, wanaoishi kaskazini mwa Chad katika [[Milima ya Tibesti]], ni jamii ya wafugaji wa kuhamahama wanaojulikana kwa ustadi wao wa kuishi katika mazingira magumu ya jangwa. Wafulani, ambao pia hupatikana katika nchi nyingi za Afrika Magharibi, ni wafugaji wa ng’ombe na wanajulikana kwa muziki wao wa jadi na mashairi ya kihistoria. == Lugha == Lugha rasmi za Chad ni [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiarabu]], lakini kuna zaidi ya lugha 120 zinazozungumzwa nchini humo. Lugha za kikabila kama [[Sara]], [[Kanembu]], [[Teda]], na [[Dazaga]] hutumika sana katika mawasiliano ya kila siku. Katika maeneo ya kusini, lugha ya Sara hutumika kama lugha ya biashara na elimu isiyo rasmi, huku Kiarabu kikiwa na nafasi kubwa zaidi kaskazini na mijini. Lugha hizi huakisi historia ya mwingiliano wa tamaduni, biashara, na dini. == Dini == Dini ni sehemu muhimu ya utambulisho wa watu wa [[Chad]]. Takriban asilimia 55 ya wakazi ni Waislamu, wengi wao wakiwa [[Wasunni]], hasa kaskazini na mashariki mwa nchi. Asilimia 41 ni [[Wakristo]], wengi wao wakiwa [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waprotestanti]], hasa kusini mwa nchi. Asilimia ndogo ya watu hufuata dini za jadi za Kiafrika, ambazo bado zina ushawishi mkubwa katika mila na desturi za jamii nyingi. Sherehe za kidini kama [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]], [[Krismasi]], na [[Pasaka]] huadhimishwa kwa shangwe, huku jamii zikikusanyika kwa maombi, karamu, na ngoma. == Sanaa == Sanaa na utamaduni wa [[Chad]] hujumuisha muziki, ngoma, uchoraji na ufinyanzi. Muziki wa jadi hutumia ala kama vile ngoma, zeze, na filimbi, na mara nyingi huambatana na ngoma za mdundo wa haraka. Katika jamii ya Wasara, ngoma ya balafon hutumika katika sherehe za harusi na maombolezo. Wakanembu huandaa tamasha la wavuvi karibu na [[Ziwa Chad]], ambapo nyimbo na ngoma huonyesha mshikamano wa kijamii. Watebu huandaa sherehe ya Gerewol, ambapo vijana wa kiume hujipamba na kushindana kwa urembo na uimbaji ili kuwavutia wasichana. Mavazi ya jadi ya Chad huakisi tofauti za kikabila na kidini. Wanaume wa Kiislamu huvaa majoho marefu na kufunika vichwa kwa vilemba au kofia, huku wanawake wakivaa [[hijabu]] au mavazi yaliyofunika mwili mzima. Katika jamii za Kikristo na zile zinazofuata dini za jadi, mavazi ya rangi ang’avu na vitenge huvaliwa katika sherehe na siku za kawaida. Mavazi haya huonyesha si tu staha bali pia utambulisho wa kikabila na kijamii. Usanifu wa majengo nchini Chad unaonyesha mchanganyiko wa mitindo ya jadi na athari za Kiislamu. Katika miji kama [[N'Djamena]], [[Msikiti Mkuu wa N'Djamena]] ni mfano wa usanifu wa Kiislamu wenye minara mirefu na mapambo ya kuta. Katika vijiji, nyumba nyingi hujengwa kwa udongo na nyasi, zikiwa na paa la mviringo linalosaidia kupunguza joto. Katika maeneo ya Watebu, nyumba za muda zilizojengwa kwa ngozi na matawi hutumika na jamii za kuhamahama. == Elimu == Elimu ya Kiislamu ina nafasi muhimu katika jamii nyingi za Chad. [[Madrasa]] hufundisha [[Qur'an]], lugha ya Kiarabu, na maadili ya Kiislamu. Watoto huanza masomo haya wakiwa na umri mdogo, na baadhi yao huendelea kuwa [[maulamaa]] au walimu wa dini. Katika maeneo ya Kikristo, shule za misheni zimechangia sana katika elimu ya msingi na sekondari, na zimekuwa sehemu ya urithi wa kihistoria wa Chad tangu enzi za ukoloni. Chakula cha jadi cha Chad kinategemea mazao ya ndani kama [[mtama]], [[sorghum]], [[mahindi]], na [[mchele]]. Pishi maarufu maarufu ni pamoja na boule (ugali wa mtama), daraba (mboga za majani zilizoandaliwa kwa mafuta na viungo), na jarret de boeuf (mguu wa ng’ombe uliochemshwa). Samaki kutoka [[Ziwa Chad]] ni sehemu muhimu ya lishe ya watu wa kaskazini na magharibi. Katika sherehe, nyama ya kondoo au ng’ombe huchinjwa na kuandaliwa kwa mapishi ya kipekee kama vile méchoui au kababu. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-chad.html |title=Chad - Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251210234156/https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-chad.html |archivedate=2025-12-10 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/chad/chad-tribes-languages/a-comprehensive-guide-to-the-tribes-of-chad-history-and-culture/ |title=A Comprehensive Guide to the Tribes of Chad: History and Culture |website=Afro Discovery |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Chad]] s0x2gynagnuj88ya79qqkx4ut9lxdup 0 208843 1611497 1438084 2026-10-27T05:02:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611497 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Gambia | picha = Flag of the Gambia.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Gambia | idadi_ya_makabila= Takribani 10+ | lugha_rasmi = Kiingereza | lugha_nyingine = Mandinka, Fula, Wolof, Jola, Serahule, Serer, Bambara | vyakula_vikuu = Benachin, domoda, caldo, pepeh soup, samaki wa kukaanga, wali wa karanga | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 95%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} '''Utamaduni wa [[Gambia]]''' unaakisi mchanganyiko wa mila za Kiafrika, dini ya [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]] na athari za ukoloni wa [[Kiingereza|Kiingereza.]] Ingawa ni nchi ndogo zaidi katika bara la Afrika, Gambia ina zaidi ya makabila 10, yakiwemo [[Wamandinka]], [[Wafulani]], [[Wolof]], [[Wajola]], [[Waserahule]] na [[Wabambara]]. [[Kiingereza]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini lugha za asili kama [[Mandinka]], [[Fula]] na [[Wolof]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku. Zaidi ya asilimia 95 ya wakazi ni [[Waislamu]], huku asilimia ndogo wakiwa [[Wakristo]] au wakifuata dini za jadi. Dini ya Kiislamu inaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa mavazi, sherehe na maadili ya kijamii. == Sanaa == [[Sanaa]] ya [[Gambia]] ni tajiri katika [[fasihi simulizi]], ushairi na muziki wa jadi. Wahifadhi wa [[historia]] wanaojulikana kama griots wana nafasi muhimu katika jamii, wakisimulia hadithi za kifamilia, mashujaa wa jadi na mafundisho ya maadili kupitia nyimbo na mashairi. Muziki wa jadi kama mbalax mchanganyiko wa ngoma za sabar na mitindo ya kisasa ya pop umekuwa maarufu, hasa ukihusiana na utamaduni wa [[Senegal]] jirani. [[Sanaa]] nyingine ni pamoja na uchongaji wa vinyago, ufinyanzi na ususi wa vikapu, ambavyo hutumika katika shughuli za kila siku na sherehe za kitamaduni. == Chakula == Chakula cha [[Gambia]] kinategemea sana [[wali]], [[muhogo]], [[samaki]], na [[karanga]]. [[Sahani]] maarufu ni pamoja na benachin (wali wa viungo na samaki au nyama), domoda (mchuzi wa karanga), caldo (samaki wa mvuke wenye limao) na pepeh soup (mchuzi wa samaki wenye pilipili). Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa kutumia viungo kama vitunguu, nyanya, pilipili na limao, na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au vikundi vya kijamii. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-culture-of-the-gambia.html |title=The Culture of The Gambia |website=WorldAtlas |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-Gambia.html |title=Gambia – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Gambia]] 7exjqxelnsosylcz9dja2t4x1v64r89 0 208865 1611498 1574564 2026-10-27T05:04:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Guinea | picha = Flag of Guinea.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Guinea | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 24 | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa | lugha_nyingine = Fula, Mandinka, Susu, Kissi, Kpelle, na nyinginezo | vyakula_vikuu = Jollof rice, cassava leaves, grilled fish, domoda, groundnut stew | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 85%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} [[File:Guinea Dinguiraye market.jpg|thumb|Mwanamama muuza genge katika soko la [[Dinguiraye]].]] '''Utamaduni wa [[Guinea]]''' unaakisi urithi wa makabila zaidi ya 24, ukiwemo [[Wafula]], [[Wamandinka]], [[Wasusso]], [[Wakissi]] na [[Wakpelle]]. Kila kabila lina lugha, mila na desturi zake, huku [[Kifaransa]] kikiwa lugha rasmi ya taifa. Lugha za asili kama [[Kifula]], [[Kimandinka]] na [[Kisusu]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku. [[Uislamu]] ndio dini kuu, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 85 ya wakazi, huku [[Ukristo]] na imani za jadi zikiendelea kuwepo kwa kiwango kidogo katika baadhi ya jamii. == Muziki == Muziki na ngoma ni kiini cha utambulisho wa [[Guinea]]. Ala za jadi kama balafon, kora na djembe hutumika katika sherehe za kijamii na kidini. Tamasha maarufu kama Festival des Masques huadhimishwa na jamii za [[Wabaga]] na [[Wanalu]], likiwa na ngoma za barakoa, midundo ya kitamaduni na ibada za kuenzi mababu. Wahifadhi wa historia wanaojulikana kama griots huimba mashairi ya kihistoria na mafundisho ya kijamii. == Chakula == Chakula cha Guinea ni mchanganyiko wa ladha za Afrika Magharibi. Pishi maarufu ni pamoja na ubwabwa wa jollof, majani ya mihogo, samaki wa kuchoma na karanga za kusaga. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji kama pilipili, vitunguu na nyanya, na huliwa kwa mikono kama ishara ya mshikamano wa kifamilia. Katika miji kama [[Conakry]] na [[Kankan]], vyakula vya kisasa huambatana na mapishi ya jadi. Usanifu wa majengo nchini Guinea huonyesha athari za Kiislamu na urithi wa jadi. [[Msikiti Mkuu wa Kankan]] ni mfano mashuhuri wa usanifu wa adobe, uliojengwa kwa udongo na kuni, na ni alama ya urithi wa Kiislamu wa karne ya 19. Sanaa ya ufinyanzi, ususi wa vikapu na uchongaji wa vinyago huendelea kufanywa na mafundi wa ndani, wakihifadhi mbinu za vizazi vya zamani. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/GN-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Guinea |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea/culture/ |title=Guinean Culture: Customs and Traditions |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718035940/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea/culture/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-ya-kankan-Guinea.html |title=Kankan, Guinea – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718035937/https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-ya-kankan-Guinea.html |archivedate=2025-07-18 |url-status=dead}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Guinea]] 5yh0bamf2gdpihcbvo4a2qqm2xe90iw 0 208867 1611499 1608659 2026-10-27T05:06:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Guinea-Bissau | picha = Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Guinea-Bissau | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 20 | lugha_rasmi = Kireno | lugha_nyingine = Balanta, Mandinka, Fula, Manjaco, Papel, na nyinginezo | vyakula_vikuu = Jollof rice, domoda, samaki wa kukaanga, mchuzi wa karanga, mboga za majani | dini_kubwa = Uislamu, Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} [[File:20130610-DSC 9001 (9173913319) (2).jpg|thumb|Vijana wa Guinea-Bissau wakipata chakula cha pamoja.]] '''Utamaduni wa [[Guinea-Bissau]]''' unaakisi mchanganyiko wa mila za Kiafrika, athari za [[Kireno]] na urithi wa kidini unaojumuisha [[Uislamu]], [[Ukristo]] na imani za jadi. Nchi hii ina zaidi ya makabila 20, yakiwemo [[Wabalanta]], [[Wamandinka]], [[Wafulani]], [[Wapapel]] na [[Wamanjaco]], kila moja likiwa na lugha, desturi, na sherehe zake za kipekee. [[Kireno]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini lugha za asili kama [[Balanta]], [[Mandinka]] na [[Fula]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku, hasa vijijini. == Sherehe == [[Sherehe]] maarufu kama Tabanka huadhimishwa na jamii ya Wabalanta kwa [[heshima]] ya mababu na kuomba baraka za kijamii. Sherehe hii hujumuisha muziki wa jadi, ngoma na [[mavazi]] ya rangi. [[Muziki]] wa [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] ni wa aina mbalimbali, ukiwemo gumbe, kussunde, na djambadon, mitindo inayochanganya midundo ya Kiafrika na athari za [[Kireno]]. Ala kama balafon, kora na ngoma hutumika kuandamana na dansi za kijamii na [[ibada]]. == Sanaa == Sanaa ya [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] hujumuisha [[uchongaji]] wa vinyago, [[ususi]] wa vikapu, na uchoraji wa barakoa za kitamaduni. [[Imani]] za jadi kama ushirikina, ibada za [[mizimu]], na Usufi huendelea kuathiri maisha ya kiroho, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini. [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] huadhimisha [[Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Eid al-Adha]] kwa sala za pamoja, karamu, na matendo ya hisani, huku [[Wakristo]] wakisherehekea [[Krismasi]] na [[Pasaka]] kwa ibada na mikusanyiko ya kifamilia. == Chakula == [[Chakula]] cha [[Guinea Bisau|Guinea-Bissau]] ni mchanganyiko wa mapishi ya ndani na athari za [[Kireno]]. Pishi maarufu ni pamoja na ubwabwa wa jollof, domoda (mchuzi wa karanga), caldo de mancarra, na [[samaki]] wa kukaanga. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji kama pilipili, vitunguu, na nyanya, na huliwa kwa mikono kama ishara ya mshikamano wa kifamilia. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau-tribes-languages/guinea-bissaus-cultural-diversity-exploring-ethnic-groups-and-indigenous-languages/ |title=Guinea-Bissau’s Cultural Diversity: Exploring Ethnic Groups and Indigenous Languages |website=AfroDiscovery |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711085835/https://afrodiscovery.com/country/guinea-bissau/guinea-bissau-tribes-languages/guinea-bissaus-cultural-diversity-exploring-ethnic-groups-and-indigenous-languages/ |archivedate=2025-07-11 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/Guinea-bissau-historia-ya-usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu.html |title=Guinea-Bissau – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718040608/https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/Guinea-bissau-historia-ya-usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu.html |archivedate=2025-07-18 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea-bissau/culture/ |title=Guinea-Bissau Culture: Customs, Traditions, and Etiquette |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718040538/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/guinea-bissau/culture/ |url-status=dead }} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Guinea Bisau]] [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] k46f5q4qm89bw4a9cmczumnm0peq2gp 0 208870 1611500 1437903 2026-10-27T05:07:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Jibuti | picha = Flag of Djibouti.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Jibuti | idadi_ya_makabila= Takribani 5 (Wasomali, Waafar, Waarabu, Wafaransa, na wengineo) | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa na Kiarabu | lugha_nyingine = Kisomali, Kiafar | vyakula_vikuu = Skoudehkaris, lahoh, maraq, samaki wa tanuri, wali wa viungo | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (hasa Sunni), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} [[File:Djiboutian women dressed in traditional Afar and Issa tribal attire.jpg|thumb|Wanawake wa Jibuti katika vazi la jadi.]] Utamaduni wa [[Jibuti]] unaakisi mchanganyiko wa urithi wa [[Wasomali]], [[Waafar]], na athari za [[Kiarabu]], [[Kifaransa]], na [[Kiitaliano]] kutokana na historia ya ukoloni na [[biashara]] ya kimataifa. [[Uislamu]] ndio dini kuu, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya wakazi, hasa wa madhehebu ya [[Sunni]], na unaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa mavazi, sherehe, na maadili ya kijamii. [[Sherehe]] za [[Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Eid al-Adha]] huadhimishwa kwa sala za pamoja, karamu, na matendo ya hisani, huku [[Krismasi]] na [[Sikukuu]] ya [[Uhuru]] (27 Juni) pia zikiwa na nafasi muhimu. == Mavazi == [[Mavazi]] ya jadi hujumuisha jalabiya kwa [[wanaume]] na kanzu au hijabu kwa [[Mwanamke|wanawake]], yakionyesha [[heshima]] kwa mila za [[Kiislamu]]. [[Muziki]] wa jadi hutumia ala kama oud, darbuka, na tambura, huku dansi za kikabila za [[Waafar]] na [[Wasomali]] zikichezwa katika sherehe za harusi na tamasha za kijamii. Sanaa ya [[kaligrafia ya Kiarabu]] na uchongaji wa vinyago huendelea kuheshimiwa, hasa katika mapambo ya misikiti na nyumba za jadi. == Chakula == [[Chakula]] cha [[Jibuti]] ni mchanganyiko wa ladha za [[Kiarabu]], [[Kiswahili]], na [[Kifaransa]]. Pishi konki ni skoudehkaris (wali wa viungo na nyama), maraq (kitoweo cha viungo), lahooh (chapati ya kuvutika), na [[samaki]] wa kuoka. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya halal na huliwa kwa mikono, hasa katika [[familia]] na mikusanyiko ya kijamii. == Maadili == [[Maadili]] ya kijamii yanazingatia ukarimu, mshikamano wa [[familia]], na [[heshima]] kwa wazee. [[Familia]] pana ni msingi wa jamii, huku madrasa zikihifadhi elimu ya [[Qurani]] na maadili ya Kiislamu. [[Usufi]] pia una nafasi katika maisha ya kiroho, kupitia matambiko, muziki wa kiroho, na mikusanyiko ya kidini. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Djibouti/Cultural-life |title=Culture of Djibouti |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-djibouti.html |title=Historia ya Kiislamu na Utamaduni wa Djibouti |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250718041444/https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-djibouti.html |archivedate=2025-07-18 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/DJ-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Djibouti |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Jibuti]] a2o0ndgyi34j076obpj3l3zv1zy5wzi 0 208910 1611501 1443369 2026-10-27T05:09:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Komori | picha = Flag of the Comoros.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Komori | idadi_ya_makabila= Mchanganyiko wa Waswahili, Waarabu, Wamadayu, na Wabantu | lugha_rasmi = Kiarabu, Kifaransa, na Kikomori | lugha_nyingine = Kiswahili, Kimakonde, na lahaja za kienyeji | vyakula_vikuu = Langouste à la vanille, samaki wa kukaanga, wali wa nazi, ndizi za kupika, mchuzi wa karanga | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 98%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} [[File:JOUR DE L'AÏDE DHUL HAJJ BANGOI-KOUNI.jpg|thumb|Wanakijiji huko Bangwa Kuuni, Ngazidja.]] '''Utamaduni wa Komori''' unajumuisha mchanganyiko wa urithi wa [[Waswahili]], [[Waarabu]], [[Wamadayu]], na [[Wabantu]], kutokana na historia ya biashara ya baharini, uhamiaji, na [[ukoloni]]. Visiwa vya Komori [[Ngazidja]], [[Nzwani]], [[Mwali]], na [[Mayotte]] (inayodhibitiwa na Ufaransa) vina tamaduni zinazofanana lakini pia zenye utofauti wa ndani. [[Uislamu]] ndio dini kuu, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 98 ya wakazi, na unaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa maisha ya kila siku, mavazi, sherehe, na maadili ya kijamii. == Sherehe == [[Sherehe]] maarufu ya jadi ni Ada au harusi kubwa, inayojulikana kama "the grand marriage" kwa Kiingereza. [[Sherehe]] hii ni tukio la kifahari linalohusisha mavazi rasmi, zawadi za dhahabu, maandamano ya kitamaduni, na mikusanyiko ya kijamii. [[Mwanaume|Wanaume]] huvaa shirwani na [[wanawake]] shiromani, vazi la [[heshima]] linalofanana na [[hijabu]]. [[Muziki]] wa Komori hujumuisha ala za jadi kama gabusi, ngoma, na oud, huku nyimbo za kidini na za sherehe zikiimbwa kwa [[lugha]] ya Kiarabu, Kikomori, na Kiswahili. == Chakula == [[Chakula]] cha Komori ni mchanganyiko wa mapishi ya [[Kiarabu]], [[Kifaransa]], na Kiafrika. Pishi maarufu ni langouste à la vanille (kamba wa baharini waliopikwa na vanila), samaki wa kukaanga, wali wa nazi, na mchuzi wa karanga. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji kama pilipili, tangawizi, nazi, na viungo vya harufu, na huliwa kwa mikono katika [[familia]] au [[sherehe]]. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/mutsamudu-comoro-usanifu-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-na-utamaduni.html |title=Mutsamudu, Komoro – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250930014522/https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/mutsamudu-comoro-usanifu-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-na-utamaduni.html |archivedate=2025-09-30 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/sw/ufahamu-utamaduni-wa-ada-wa-wakomoro/audio-38723327 |title=Ufahamu utamaduni wa “Ada” wa Wakomoro |website=DW Kiswahili |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Komori]] qqsqmuyxwz6dvobc3xoi37wpqc16k8u 0 208922 1611502 1608662 2026-10-27T05:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Mali | picha = Flag of Mali.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Mali | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 20 | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa | lugha_nyingine = Bambara, Fulani, Dogon, Tuareg, Soninke, Tamasheq, na nyinginezo | vyakula_vikuu = Tô, mchuzi wa karanga, samaki wa kuvutwa moshi, nyama ya ng’ombe, wali wa viungo | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 90%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} '''Utamaduni wa Mali''' ni mseto wa urithi wa kihistoria wa [[Milki ya Mali|Dola la Mali]], tamaduni za makabila zaidi ya 20, na athari za [[Uislamu]] na ukoloni wa [[Kifaransa]]. Makabila kama [[Wabambara]], [[Wafulani]], [[Wadogon]], [[Watuareg]], na [[Wasoninke]] huunda msingi wa tamaduni za Mali, kila moja likiwa na lugha, mavazi, muziki, na mila zake. [[Kifaransa]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini [[Kibambara]] ndiyo lugha inayotumika zaidi katika maisha ya kila siku, pamoja na lugha nyingine za kikabila. == Muziki == Muziki wa Mali ni maarufu duniani, hasa kupitia mitindo ya jadi kama griot (wahifadhi wa historia), kora (zeze ya nyuzi 21), na balafon (xilofoni ya mbao). Wasanii kama [[Ali Farka Touré]], [[Salif Keita]], na [[Oumou Sangaré]] wamechangia sana katika kukuza utamaduni wa muziki wa Mali. Sherehe za kitamaduni kama Festival sur le Niger na Biennale artistique et culturelle du Mali huadhimisha muziki, ngoma, sanaa, na mshikamano wa kitaifa. == Sanaa == Sanaa ya Mali hujumuisha uchongaji wa vinyago, uchoraji, na usanifu wa majengo ya udongo kama [[Msikiti Mkuu wa Djenné]], ambao ni Tovuti ya Urithi wa Dunia wa [[UNESCO]]. Fasihi ya Mali ina historia ndefu ya simulizi, mitholojia, na maandiko ya kihistoria, hasa kutoka kwa jamii za Dogon na Tuareg. == Chakula == Chakula cha Mali kinategemea nafaka kama [[mtama]], [[mahindi]], na [[wali]], pamoja na mchuzi wa karanga, mboga za majani, na nyama ya ng’ombe au samaki. Sahani maarufu ni tô (ugali wa mtama), maafe (mchuzi wa karanga), na riz gras (wali wa mafuta na viungo). Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au sherehe. == Dini == Dini kuu nchini Mali ni [[Uislamu]], unaofuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya wakazi, hasa wa madhehebu ya [[Wasuni|Sunni]]. [[Ukristo]] na imani za jadi huendelea kuwepo, hasa katika jamii za Dogon na maeneo ya milimani. Ibada za Kiislamu huambatana na maisha ya kila siku, mavazi ya heshima, na sherehe kama [[Eid al-Fitr]] na [[Eid al-Adha]]. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/mali/mali-tribes-languages/malis-cultural-diversity-exploring-ethnic-groups-and-indigenous-languages/ |title=Mali’s Cultural Diversity: Exploring Ethnic Groups and Indigenous Languages |website=AfroDiscovery |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711210319/https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/mali/mali-tribes-languages/malis-cultural-diversity-exploring-ethnic-groups-and-indigenous-languages/ |archivedate=2025-07-11 |url-status=dead}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/bamako-mali-usanifu-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-na-utamaduni.html |title=Bamako, Mali – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/ML-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Mali |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://trt.global/afrika-swahili/article/14108275 |title=Mlipuko wa rangi na utamaduni waangaza Mali |website=TRT Afrika |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Mali]] rwra4oakgiopgxldhf7ohyh5hhpiqto 0 208923 1611503 1574566 2026-10-27T05:12:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Mauritania | picha = Flag of Mauritania.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Mauritania | idadi_ya_makabila= Waarabu-Berber, Afro-Mauritanians, Soninke, Wolof, Fulani | lugha_rasmi = Kiarabu | lugha_nyingine = Hassaniya, Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof | vyakula_vikuu = Thieboudienne, mbeyu, couscous, chai ya mnanaa, nyama ya ngamia | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 99%), hasa Sunni }} '''Utamaduni wa Mauritania''' umejengwa juu ya urithi wa [[Uislamu]], maisha ya [[jangwa]], na mila za [[Waarabu-Berber]] na Waafrika wa Kusini mwa Sahara. Nchi hii ina historia ndefu ya biashara ya karne ya kati, hasa kupitia [[Chinguetti]], mji wa kihistoria wa elimu ya Kiislamu. Uislamu wa Sunni ndio dini kuu, na unaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa mavazi, ibada, sheria, na maisha ya kila siku. Sherehe kama [[Eid al-Fitr]], [[Eid al-Adha]], na [[Mawlid al-Nabi]] huadhimishwa kwa sala, karamu, na mikusanyiko ya kijamii. Maisha ya kuhamahama (nomadic) bado yana nafasi katika utambulisho wa kitaifa, hasa miongoni mwa jamii za [[Bedouin]] na [[Berber]]. Sherehe ya ''Nouakchott International Festival of Nomadic Culture'' huonyesha ngoma, mbio za ngamia, na sanaa za mikono za jamii hizi. Muziki wa jadi hutumia ala kama ardine (zeze ya wanawake), tidinit (zeze ya wanaume), na nyimbo za griot (wahifadhi wa historia), huku dansi za kijadi zikifuatana na mashairi ya Kiislamu na simulizi za kifamilia. Chakula cha Mauritania ni mchanganyiko wa ladha za Kiarabu na Afrika Magharibi. Sahani maarufu ni thieboudienne (samaki wa viungo na wali), mbeyu (keki za muhogo), na couscous ya nyama au mboga. Chai ya mnanaa yenye sukari nyingi ni sehemu ya utamaduni wa ukarimu, na huandaliwa kwa mizunguko mitatu ya kikombe kama ishara ya urafiki. Mila ya kula kwa mkono wa kulia na kuheshimu wazee huendelea kuheshimiwa, hasa nje ya miji mikubwa. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-mauritania.html |title=Historia ya Kiislamu na Utamaduni wa Mauritania |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/mauritania/culture/ |title=Mauritania Culture, Customs and Traditions |website=AnotherTravel |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archive-date=2025-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206203817/https://www.anothertravel.com/africa/mauritania/culture/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.studycountry.com/guide/MR-culture.htm |title=The Culture of Mauritania |website=StudyCountry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Mauritania]] 4chf7od37syrqpm3yrrfctjwjqbzkwl 0 208926 1611504 1438136 2026-10-27T05:14:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611504 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Niger | picha = Flag of Niger.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Niger | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 10 (Hausa, Zarma-Songhai, Tuareg, Fulani, Kanuri, Toubou, na wengineo) | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa | lugha_nyingine = Hausa, Zarma, Tamajeq, Fulfulde, Kanuri, Arabic, Gourmanché, Toubou | vyakula_vikuu = Thieboudienne, maafe, couscous, beignets, porridge ya mtama | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 99%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} [[File:Niamey Niger banquet 2007.jpg|thumb|Mwanamama akifanya maandalizi ya chakula huko mjini [[Niamey]], Niger.]] '''Utamaduni wa Niger''' ni mseto wa tamaduni za makabila mbalimbali, urithi wa [[Uislamu]], na athari za ukoloni wa [[Kifaransa|Kifaransa.]] Makabila makuu ni [[Wahausa]], [[Wazarma-Songhai]], [[Watuareg]], [[Wafulani]], [[Wakanuri]], na [[Watoubou]], kila moja likiwa na lugha, mila, na desturi zake. [[Kifaransa]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini [[Hausa]] na [[Zarma]] hutumika sana katika maisha ya kila siku. Uislamu wa Sunni ndio dini kuu, ukifuatwa na zaidi ya asilimia 99 ya wakazi, na unaathiri kwa kiasi kikubwa maisha ya kijamii, ibada, mavazi, na sherehe. == Muziki == Muziki wa Niger hujumuisha mitindo ya jadi kama griot (wahifadhi wa historia), kakaki ([[tarumbeta]] ndefu), algaita ([[filimbi]] ya pande mbili), na molo ([[zeze]] ya Hausa). Jamii ya Tuareg huimba mashairi ya mapenzi kwa ala za tinge ngoma na violi. Mitindo ya kisasa kama hip hop, reggae, na pop hupendwa na vijana mijini. Sherehe maarufu kama Gerewol ya [[Wodaabe]] huadhimisha uzuri wa wanaume kupitia ngoma, mapambo, na mashindano ya kuvutia. == Sanaa == Sanaa ya Niger hujumuisha uchongaji wa vinyago, ususi wa mikeka, uchoraji wa mawe, na utengenezaji wa vinyago vya kitamaduni. Miji kama [[Agadez]] na [[Zinder]] inaonyesha usanifu wa jadi wa adobe, hasa [[Msikiti Mkuu wa Agadez]] ambao ni jengo la juu zaidi la udongo duniani. == Chakula == Chakula cha Niger kinategemea nafaka kama [[mtama]], [[mahindi]], na [[wali]], pamoja na mchuzi wa [[karanga]], mboga za majani, na nyama ya ng’ombe au [[samaki]]. Pishi maarufu ni thieboudienne (wali wa samaki), maafe (mchuzi wa karanga), beignets, na porridge ya mtama. Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya kienyeji na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au sherehe. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-culture-of-niger.html |title=The Culture of Niger |website=WorldAtlas |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://idaoffice.org/sw/posts/ukweli-10-wa-kuvutia-kuhusu-niger/ |title=Ukweli 10 wa Kuvutia Kuhusu Niger |website=IDA Office |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/niamey-niger-usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu.html |title=Niamey, Niger – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Niger]] eqs4nc8jphwcrs0x8nd9hmbly6rdwhr 0 208932 1611505 1438139 2026-10-27T05:17:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611505 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Senegal | picha = Flag of Senegal.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Senegal | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 20 (Wolof, Fula, Serer, Jola, Mandinka, na wengineo) | lugha_rasmi = Kifaransa | lugha_nyingine = Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Mandinka, Jola, Soninke | vyakula_vikuu = Thieboudienne, yassa, maafe, samaki wa tanuri, beignets | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 95%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} '''Utamaduni wa Senegal''' ni mseto wa urithi wa makabila zaidi ya 20, athari za ukoloni wa [[Kifaransa]], na mila za [[Uislamu|Kiislamu]] na [[Usufii|Kisufi]]. [[Wolof]] ndio kabila kubwa zaidi, wakifuatiwa na [[Wafulani|Wafula]], [[Waserer]], [[Wajola]], [[Wamandinka]], na [[Wasoninke Wangara|Wasoninke]], kila moja likiwa na lugha, muziki, na desturi zake. [[Kifaransa]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini [[Wolof]] hutumika sana kama lugha ya mawasiliano ya kitaifa. Uislamu wa Sunni ndio dini kuu, hasa kupitia undugu wa Kisufi kama [[Tijaniyya]] na [[Muridiyya]], ambao huathiri sana maisha ya kiroho, elimu, na sherehe za kijamii. == kiini cha utamaduni == Dhana ya Teranga, ukarimu wa Kisenegali ni kiini cha utamaduni wa taifa. Wageni hupewa heshima na chakula, na jamii hujivunia mshikamano na maelewano ya kidini. Sherehe maarufu kama Grand Magal wa Touba huwaleta pamoja maelfu ya wafuasi wa Muridiyya kwa hija ya kiroho, huku Tamkharit (Ashura) na Tabaski (Eid al-Adha) zikiadhimishwa kwa sala, karamu, na sadaka. == Muziki == Muziki wa Senegal ni maarufu duniani, hasa kupitia mitindo kama mbalax, inayochanganya midundo ya jadi ya sabar na mitindo ya kisasa kama jazz na pop. Wasanii kama [[Youssou N'Dour]] na [[Oumou Sangaré]] wamechangia sana katika kukuza utambulisho wa muziki wa Senegal. Ngoma za jadi huchezwa katika harusi, mavuno, na tamasha za kijamii, zikifuatana na mashairi ya griot wahifadhi wa historia na fasihi simulizi.<ref>Eric S. Ross, Culture and Customs of Senegal, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT, 2008 ISBN 0-313-34036-6</ref> == Chakula == Chakula cha Senegal ni tajiri kwa ladha na viungo vya baharini. Sahani maarufu ni thieboudienne (samaki wa wali na viungo), yassa (kuku au samaki wa limao na vitunguu), maafe (mchuzi wa karanga), na beignets (keki za mafuta). Vyakula hivi huandaliwa kwa viungo vya asili kama pilipili, tangawizi, na nyanya, na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au sherehe. == Marejeo == # {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-ya-Senegal.html |title=Historia ya Kiislamu na Utamaduni wa Senegal |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} # {{cite web |url=https://globhistory.org/en/article/senegal/kultura_senegala |title=Culture of Senegal |website=GlobHistory |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} # {{cite web |url=https://africanancestry.com/blogs/african-countries/exploring-senegal-people-culture-geography-language |title=Exploring Senegal: People, Culture, Geography, & Language |website=African Ancestry |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Senegal]] bazyxwrvuzkwnpfj73a1j3ffdolbet7 0 208944 1611506 1438141 2026-10-27T05:20:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611506 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Sierra Leone | picha = Flag of Sierra Leone.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Sierra Leone | idadi_ya_makabila= Zaidi ya 15 (Mende, Temne, Limba, Kono, Loko, Fula, Sherbro, na wengineo) | lugha_rasmi = Kiingereza | lugha_nyingine = Krio, Mende, Temne, Limba, Fula | vyakula_vikuu = Kisamvu, mchuzi wa karanga, fufu, samaki wa tanuri, mboga za majani | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 78%), Ukristo (takriban 21%), na dini za jadi }} '''Utamaduni wa Sierra Leone''' unaakisi urithi wa makabila zaidi ya 15, historia ya ukoloni wa [[Waingereza]], na mila za jadi za [[Afrika ya Magharibi|Afrika Magharibi]]. Makabila makuu ni [[Wamende]], [[Watemne]], [[Walimba]], [[Wakono]], [[Waloko]], na [[Wafula]], kila moja likiwa na lugha, desturi, na sherehe zake. [[Kiingereza]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini [[Krio]] lugha ya Krioli yenye msingi wa Kiingereza inaeleweka na karibu watu wote nchini. [[Uislamu]] na [[Ukristo]] huishi kwa amani, huku sherehe za kidini kama [[Idd el Fitr|Eid]], [[Krismasi]], na [[Pasaka]] zikiadhimishwa kitaifa. == Jamii == Jamii za jadi kama Poro (kwa wanaume) na Sande (kwa wanawake) huandaa mafunzo ya maadili, mila, na ujuzi wa kijamii kwa vijana wanaovuka utu uzima. Ngoma za kitamaduni huchezwa kwa mdundo wa ala kama balafon, ngoma, na xylophone, huku vinyago vya mbao vikitumika katika ibada na sherehe za siri. [[Sierra Leone National Dance Troupe]] ni maarufu kimataifa kwa kuonyesha miondoko ya makabila mbalimbali. == Sanaa == Sanaa ya Sierra Leone hujumuisha [[uchongaji]] wa vinyago, [[Uchoraji|uchoraji,]] [[ususi]] wa mikeka, na utengenezaji wa nguo za kitamaduni. Kinyago cha Sande kinachovaliwa na mchezaji mkuu wa sherehe za wanawake ni alama ya taifa. == Chakula == Chakula cha Sierra Leone kinategemea sana mihogo, mahindi, na mboga za majani. Pishi maarufu ni kisamvu, mchuzi uliongwa na karanga, fufu, na samaki wa tanuri. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/usanifu-na-utamaduni-wa-historia-ya-kiislamu-ya-sierra-leone.html |title=Historia ya Kiislamu na Utamaduni wa Sierra Leone |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://madtechventures.com/sierra-leones-cultural-heritage-traditions/ |title=Sierra Leone’s Cultural Heritage & Traditions |website=Madtechventures |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://tourismsierraleone.com/stories/sierraleone-heritage-tapestry-of-history-and-tradition/ |title=Sierra Leone’s Heritage: A Tapestry of History and Tradition |website=Sierra Leone Tourism |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Sierra Leone]] q1pj3u1jaz71xm5flnt6rjth5puzyg0 0 208946 1611507 1608665 2026-10-27T05:21:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611507 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Utamaduni | jina_la_nchi = Sudan | picha = Flag of Sudan.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Bendera ya Sudan | idadi_ya makabila= Zaidi ya 500 (Kifur, Kibaqqārah, Kinuba, Kibeja, Kidinka, Kishilluk, na wengineo) | lugha_rasmi = Kiarabu | lugha_nyingine = Kiingereza, Kifur, Kinubi, Kibeja, Kidinka, Kizaghawa, na nyinginezo | vyakula_vikuu = Ful medames, Aseeda, Kisra, Mullah, Chai ya mnanaa | dini_kubwa = Uislamu (takriban 90%), Ukristo, na dini za jadi }} '''Utamaduni wa Sudan''' ni mseto wa tamaduni za [[Kiarabu]], [[Afrika|Kiafrika]], [[Nubia|Kinubi]], na [[Kisufi]], unaoonyesha historia ndefu ya ustaarabu, dini, na siasa. Nchi hii ina zaidi ya makabila 500, kila moja likiwa na lugha, mila, na desturi zake. [[Kiarabu]] ni lugha rasmi, lakini [[Kiingereza]] na lugha za kikabila hutumika katika maeneo mbalimbali. Uislamu wa Sunni ndio dini kuu, hasa kupitia undugu wa Kisufi kama [[Ansar]] na [[Khatmiyya]], ambao huathiri maisha ya kila siku. == Jamii == Jamii za Sudan zina mifumo tofauti ya kijamii na kisiasa. Jamii ya [[Fur]] ina muundo wa kifalme ulioongozwa na sultani, huku [[Baqqārah]] wakifuata mfumo wa koo wa kihistoria unaotegemea ufugaji wa ng’ombe. [[Nuba|Wanuba]] wa milimani huishi kwa mshikamano wa kijamii unaotegemea jamii za kilima, huku [[Otoro|Waotoro]] wakizingatia mkataba wa amani kati ya koo. Sherehe za maisha kama [[harusi]], kutahiri, na [[mazishi]] huadhimishwa kwa ngoma, nyimbo, na ibada za kijadi au Kiislamu. == Muziki == Muziki wa Sudan hujumuisha ala kama oud, tambour, riq, na saa-saa. Midundo ya Kisufi huambatana na nyimbo za kiroho na dansi za mdundo wa taratibu. Sanaa ya Sudan hujumuisha kaligrafia ya Kiarabu, vinyago vya [[Uchoraji|kuchora]], [[uchongaji]] wa vinyago, na usanifu wa majengo ya udongo kama [[Msikiti wa Al-Mahdi]] na [[Msikiti Mkuu wa Omdurman]]. == Chakula == Chakula cha Sudan ni mchanganyiko wa mapishi ya Kiarabu na Kiafrika. Sahani maarufu ni ful medames ([[Maharagwe|maharage]] ya fava), aseeda (uji wa [[mtama]]), kisra ([[chapati]] ya mtama), na mullah (kitoweo cha mboga au [[nyama]]). Chai ya mnanaa na [[kahawa]] ya kiasili huandaliwa kwa heshima ya wageni, na huliwa kwa mikono katika familia au sherehe. == Marejeo == * {{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sudan/Cultural-life |title=Sudan – Culture, Traditions, Religion |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.iqrasense.com/sw/utamaduni-wa-Kiislamu/Khartoum-sudan-usanifu-wa-historia-ya-Kiislamu-na-utamaduni.html |title=Khartoum – Historia ya Kiislamu, Usanifu, na Utamaduni |website=IqraSense |language=Kiswahili |access-date=10 Julai 2025}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{cite web |url=https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/sudan/sudan-culture/exploring-sudanese-culture-traditions-and-customs-you-need-to-know/ |title=Exploring Sudanese Culture: Traditions and Customs You Need to Know |website=AfroDiscovery |language=Kiingereza |access-date=10 Julai 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250711222056/https://www.afrodiscovery.com/country/sudan/sudan-culture/exploring-sudanese-culture-traditions-and-customs-you-need-to-know/ |archivedate=2025-07-11 |url-status=dead}} {{Africa in topic|Utamaduni wa}} [[Jamii:Afrocrowd 2025]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika|K]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Sudan]] ccykri8t6lp33gjscbyipp791crpxe8 14 209225 1611336 1439035 2026-10-26T13:49:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|I]] 0mo1hio6p7fqkema0esquqehad7l2ke 14 209240 1611359 1439052 2026-10-26T13:58:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|W]] hdz0u1uezxyqhdkixmkrhlesxueytv7 0 211814 1611414 1445422 2026-10-26T16:50:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samira Ahmed Jassim al-Azzawi''' au '''Samira Jassam''' (alizaliwa [[1958]])<ref name=NYT>[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/04/world/middleeast/04iraq.html?hp "Iraq Arrests Woman Tied to Bombings"], ''[[New York Times]]'', 3 February 2009</ref>anayejulikana pia kama '''Um al-Mumenin''', "mama wa waumini", <ref name=HS>[http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25006615-663,00.html "Iraqi woman had 80 women raped to recruit suicide bombers"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,25006615-663,00.html |date=20090207095202 }}, ''[[Herald Sun]]'', 4 February 2009</ref>inasemekana kuwa amefanya kazi na wanamgambo wa [[Sunni]] kutoka kundi la Ansar al-Sunnah katika mkoa wa Diyala.<ref name=BBC>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7869570.stm "Iraq's 'female bomber recruiter'"], ''[[BBC News]]'', 4 February 2009</ref><ref name=CT>[http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/woman-set-up-rapes-to-recruit-80-suicide-bombers/1425374.aspx "Woman set up rapes to 'recruit' 80 suicide bombers"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206185422/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/woman-set-up-rapes-to-recruit-80-suicide-bombers/1425374.aspx |date=2009-02-06 }}, ''[[Canberra Times]]'', 5 February 2009</ref> Jassim amekuwa kizuizini mikononi mwa vyombo vya usalama vya [[Iraki|Iraq]] tangu tarehe 21 Januari [[2009]]. Inadaiwa kwamba alikiri, kupitia video inayodaiwa kuwa ya mahojiano ya kukiri, kwamba alikuwa akiwatambua na kuwasajili watu walioweza kuwa washiriki wa mashambulizi ya kujitoa mhanga na pia kuwasaidia kuyatekeleza. Zaidi ya hapo, katika mahojiano na shirika la habari la Associated Press, Jassim alieleza jinsi yeye na waasi walivyotumia ubakaji kama “silaha” ya kuwasajili wanawake kwenye mashambulizi ya kujitoa mhanga, ikidaiwa kuwa waathirika wa ubakaji waliokuwa wamedhalilishwa walishawishiwa kwamba wangeweza “kujiosha aibu” hiyo kwa kujitoa mhanga kwenye mashambulizi. <ref name=BBC/><ref name=CT/> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Iraq]] 2jzn0mkx749rie05kyzzbjgtaj2sdx7 0 213066 1611329 1472801 2026-10-26T13:41:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611329 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teresia Wairimu Kinyanjuri''' (amezaliwa [[15 Novemba]] [[1957]]) ni mhubiri wa [[Injili]] kutoka [[Kenya]], mwanzilishi na [[Mkurugenzi]] wa Faith Evangelistic Ministries (''FEM''). Ana zaidi ya washikiri 20,000 wa huduma hiyo, ikiwa na ofisi nchini Kenya, [[Marekani]] na [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]. Alianzisha FEM mwaka [[1989]] wakati [[Makanisa]] ya [[Wapentekoste|Kipentekoste]] yalipoibuka kama mbadala wa ibada katika [[madhehebu]] makuu ya [[Kikristo]]. Wairimu alikuwa Mhubiri wa kwanza mwanamke kuendesha mikutano ya Injili ya Uamsho iliyofanyika katika viwanja vya [[Uhuru Park]]. Anatajwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa kwanza wa mafundisho ya kupanda mbegu (''Doctrine of Seed Planting-DSP'') katika historia ya uinjilisti wa Kenya.<ref>https://kibangabooks.com/she-was-born-in-1957-to-njeri-kinuthia-and-kinuthia-kinyanjui-she-was-born-in-1957-to-njeri-kinuthia-and-kinuthia-kinyanjui/</ref><ref>https://thekenyatimes.com/featured/teresa-wairimu-from-kindergarten-teacher-to-state-house-intercessor/</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Viongozi wa dini nchini Kenya]] i0bqz4amw4w9lbum7gcn8r7lmmjv6ux 0 213883 1611425 1533312 2026-10-26T18:19:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Severino Gallo, [[Wamersedari|O. de M.]]''' ([[karne ya 14]] – [[1419]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] maarufu wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Paris]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alijunga na [[shirika]] la [[Wamersedari]] akaenda mara kadhaa [[Afrika Kaskazini]] kukomboa [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] [[watumwa]]<ref>https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_severino_gallo {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Huko [[Aljeri]] aliteswa kwa [[ukatili]] sana akapigiliwa kwenye [[ubao]] mkubwa hadi kufa <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93921</ref>. Tangu kale [[shirika]] linamheshimu kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimshwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Januari]]. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa karne ya 14]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1419]] [[Category:Wamersedari]] [[Category:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Algeria]] tbnym68rr4pc86ga48s8hmdpimbyw2u 0 214511 1611494 1457160 2026-10-27T04:39:35Z Jonsbahati 93485 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|0|1 */ 1611494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Feyerabend''' (1924–1994) alikuwa mwanafalsafa wa sayansi wa Kiaustri ambaye alichangia sana katika uelewa wa mbinu za kisayansi na falsafa ya sayansi. Alizaliwa Vienna, [[Austria]], na alihitimu masomo yake ya fizikia kabla ya kuhamia katika falsafa ya sayansi. Feyerabend alijulikana kwa mtazamo wake wa kisiasa na kiufahamu unaopingana na mtazamo wa "methodological monism" akisisitiza kuwa hakuna njia ya kisayansi yenye hadhi ya kipekee.<ref>Feyerabend, P. Against Method, London: Verso, 1975</ref> == Falsafa == Feyerabend alikosoa dhana ya kwamba sayansi inafuata kanuni thabiti na hakika. Aliamini kuwa maendeleo ya kisayansi mara nyingi hufanyika kupitia mchanganyiko wa mbinu, uvumbuzi, na hata uvumbuzi wa kiholela. Mtazamo wake maarufu unaoitwa epistemological anarchism unapendekeza kuwa "kila kitu ni halali" pale ambapo inasaidia ukuaji wa ujuzi.<ref>Feyerabend, P. Science in a Free Society, London: New Left Books, 1978</ref> == Mafanikio == Feyerabend alifundisha katika vyuo vikuu mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Chuo Kikuu cha California|University of California]], Berkeley, na University of Zurich. Utafiti wake uliathiri wanasayansi, wahandisi, na watu mashuhuri katika nyanja za sayansi na elimu. Alijitahidi kuunganisha sayansi na maadili ya jamii, akionyesha jinsi uelewa wa kisayansi unavyoweza kuathiri maamuzi ya kisiasa na maendeleo ya [[Teknolojia|kiteknolojia]].<ref>Bird, A. The Philosophy of Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> == Msaada == Feyerabend pia alihimiza uhuru wa utamaduni na kuunga mkono maoni ya kuendeleza elimu inayojumuisha mitazamo mbalimbali. Alihoji uwezekano wa sayansi kuwa mojawapo ya chombo pekee cha kupata ukweli, akisisitiza umuhimu wa kuzingatia tamaduni na dini tofauti katika kuelewa sayansi na teknolojia.<ref>Hacking, I. Representing and Intervening, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983</ref> == Mchango == Leo, Feyerabend anatambuliwa kama kielelezo cha mtazamo wa uhuru katika falsafa ya sayansi. Wanasayansi na wahandisi wengi wanachukua hoja zake kama kielelezo cha ujasiri wa kujaribu mbinu mpya na kutokufuata blindly kanuni zilizowekwa. Mbinu zake zimesaidia kukuza mazungumzo kati ya sayansi, falsafa, na jamii.<ref>Gaukroger, S. The Emergence of a Scientific Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] arho022p95gt42l36tfo6df3sd3doc6 1611545 1611494 2026-10-27T09:40:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611545 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Feyerabend''' (1924–1994) alikuwa mwanafalsafa wa sayansi ambaye alichangia sana katika uelewa wa mbinu za kisayansi na falsafa ya sayansi. Alizaliwa [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], na alihitimu masomo yake ya fizikia kabla ya kuhamia katika falsafa ya sayansi. Feyerabend alijulikana kwa mtazamo wake wa kisiasa na kiufahamu unaopingana na mtazamo wa "methodological monism" akisisitiza kuwa hakuna njia ya kisayansi yenye hadhi ya kipekee.<ref>Feyerabend, P. Against Method, London: Verso, 1975</ref> == Falsafa == Feyerabend alikosoa dhana ya kwamba sayansi inafuata kanuni thabiti na hakika. Aliamini kuwa maendeleo ya kisayansi mara nyingi hufanyika kupitia mchanganyiko wa mbinu, uvumbuzi, na hata uvumbuzi wa kiholela. Mtazamo wake maarufu unaoitwa epistemological anarchism unapendekeza kuwa "kila kitu ni halali" pale ambapo inasaidia ukuaji wa ujuzi.<ref>Feyerabend, P. Science in a Free Society, London: New Left Books, 1978</ref> == Mafanikio == Feyerabend alifundisha katika vyuo vikuu mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Chuo Kikuu cha California]], Berkeley, na University of Zurich. Utafiti wake uliathiri wanasayansi, wahandisi, na watu mashuhuri katika nyanja za sayansi na elimu. Alijitahidi kuunganisha sayansi na maadili ya jamii, akionyesha jinsi uelewa wa kisayansi unavyoweza kuathiri maamuzi ya kisiasa na maendeleo ya [[Teknolojia|kiteknolojia]].<ref>Bird, A. The Philosophy of Science, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> == Msaada == Feyerabend pia alihimiza uhuru wa utamaduni na kuunga mkono maoni ya kuendeleza elimu inayojumuisha mitazamo mbalimbali. Alihoji uwezekano wa sayansi kuwa mojawapo ya chombo pekee cha kupata ukweli, akisisitiza umuhimu wa kuzingatia tamaduni na dini tofauti katika kuelewa sayansi na teknolojia.<ref>Hacking, I. Representing and Intervening, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983</ref> == Mchango == Leo, Feyerabend anatambuliwa kama kielelezo cha mtazamo wa uhuru katika falsafa ya sayansi. Wanasayansi na wahandisi wengi wanachukua hoja zake kama kielelezo cha ujasiri wa kujaribu mbinu mpya na kutokufuata blindly kanuni zilizowekwa. Mbinu zake zimesaidia kukuza mazungumzo kati ya sayansi, falsafa, na jamii.<ref>Gaukroger, S. The Emergence of a Scientific Culture, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{BD|1924|1994}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Austria]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] 8i892mi21omwkfp9bvm4s1qhqfw39tc 0 214536 1611472 1479326 2026-10-27T03:39:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uhandisi wa mazingira''' ni taaluma ya [[uhandisi]] inayohusiana na masuala ya [[sayansi]] ya mazingira. Inajumuisha mada pana za [[Sayansi|kisayansi]] kama vile [[Kemia]], [[Biolojia]], [[Ekolojia]], [[Jiolojia]], Haidrolojia, [[Mikrobiolojia]] na [[Hisabati]] ili kuunda suluhisho ambazo zitalinda na pia kuboresha afya ya [[Kiumbehai|viumbe hai]] na pia kuboresha hali ya [[mazingira]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aaees.org/careers/|title=Careers in Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science|work=American Academy of Environmental Engineers & Scientists|accessdate=2019-03-23|archivedate=2021-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224142618/https://www.aaees.org/careers/}}</ref> <ref name="Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/home.htm|title=Architecture and Engineering Occupations|date=20 February 2019|work=Occupational Outlook Handbook|publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics|accessdate=23 March 2019}}</ref>Uhandisi wa mazingira ni taaluma ndogo ya uhandisi wa majengo na uhandisi kemikali. Wakati ukiwa katika sehemu ya uhandisi wa ujenzi, Uhandisi wa Mazingira unalenga hasa Uhandisi wa Usafi. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Mahamud-López |first=Manuel María |last2=Menéndez-Aguado |first2=Juan Mariá |date=September 2005 |title=Environmental engineering in mining engineering education |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03043790500114490 |journal=European Journal of Engineering Education |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=329–339 |doi=10.1080/03043790500114490 |issn=0304-3797 |s2cid=109093239 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Uhandisi wa mazingira hutumia kanuni za kisayansi na uhandisi kuboresha na kudumisha mazingira ili kulinda afya ya binadamu, kulinda mifumo ya ikolojia ya asili, na kuboresha uboreshaji wa mazingira yanayohusiana na ubora wa maisha ya binadamu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210224142618/https://www.aaees.org/careers/ "Careers in Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science"]. ''American Academy of Environmental Engineers & Scientists''. Archived from [http://www.aaees.org/careers/ the original] on 2021-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> '''Wahandisi wa mazingira''' wanatengeneza suluhisho za usimamizi wa maji taka, udhibiti wa uchafuzi wa maji na hewa, kuchakata, [[Udhibiti wa taka|kuondoa taka]], na afya ya umma.<ref>https://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/home.htm Architecture and Engineering Occupations</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://science.howstuffworks.com/engineering/civil/10-advancements-environmental-engineering.htm|title=10 Advancements in Environmental Engineering|date=2014-05-18|work=HowStuffWorks|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-23}}</ref> Huwa wanabuni usambazaji wa Maji ya manispaa na mifumo ya matibabu ya maji ya taka ya viwanda na pia kubuni mipango ya kuzuia magonjwa yanayopitishwa na maji na kuboresha usafi katika maeneo ya mijini, vijijini na sehemu za burudani.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants|title-link=Aqueous Wastes from Petroleum and Petrochemical Plants|last=Beychok, Milton R.|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|year=1967|edition=1st|lccn=67019834}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Wastewater Engineering (Treatment Disposal Reuse) / Bailey Alatoree Inc.|last=Tchobanoglous, G.|last2=Burton, F.L.|last3=Stensel, H.D.|publisher=McGraw-Hill Book Company|year=2003|isbn=978-0-07-041878-3|edition=4th}}</ref> Huchunguza mifumo ya usimamizi wa taka hatari ili kutathmini uzito wa hatari hizo, na kutoa ushauri kuhusu matibabu na kuzuia, na kutengeneza kanuni za kuzuia hatari. Hutekeleza sheria ya uhandisi wa mazingira, kama katika kutathmini athari za mazingira ya miradi ya ujenzi iliyopendekezwa. Wahandisi wa mazingira huwa wanachunguza athari za maendeleo ya kiteknolojia juu ya mazingira, huku wakishughulikia maswala ya mazingira ya ndani ya nchi na ya kimataifa kama [[Mvua asidia|mvua ya asidi]], [[Mabadiliko ya tabianchi|ongezeko la joto duniani]], ukosefu wa tabaka la ozoni, uchafuzi wa maji na uchafuzi wa hewa kutoka kwa gesi za magari na vyanzo vya viwanda.<ref name="Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition"/><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://archive.org/details/workbookofatmosp0000turn|title=Workbook of atmospheric dispersion estimates: an introduction to dispersion modeling|last=Turner, D.B.|publisher=CRC Press|year=1994|isbn=978-1-56670-023-8|edition=2nd|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion|title-link=Fundamentals Of Stack Gas Dispersion|last=Beychok, M.R.|publisher=author-published|year=2005|isbn=978-0-9644588-0-2|edition=4th}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://archive.org/details/careerinformatio00_2|title=Career Information Center. Agribusiness, Environment, and Natural Resources|publisher=Macmillan Reference|year=2007|edition=9th|url-access=registration}}</ref> Mamlaka nyingi huweka mahitaji ya leseni na usajili kwa wahandisi wa mazingira wenye sifa zinazotakiwa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aaees.org/becomeboardcertified/environmentalengineers.php|title=Become Board Certified in Environmental Engineering|work=American Academy of Environmental Engineers & Scientists|accessdate=2019-03-23|archivedate=2021-01-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118112537/https://www.aaees.org/becomeboardcertified/environmentalengineers.php}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ncees.org/engineering/pe/environmental/|title=NCEES PE Environmental exam information|work=NCEES|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323171110/https://ncees.org/engineering/pe/environmental/|archivedate=2019-03-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.engc.org.uk/about-us/our-partners/professional-engineering-institutions/|title=Professional Engineering Institutions|work=Engineering Council|accessdate=2019-03-23|archive-date=2019-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617231150/https://www.engc.org.uk/about-us/our-partners/professional-engineering-institutions/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Etimolojia ya neno Mazingira == Neno '''mazingira''' lina mizizi yake katika maneno ya lugha ya Kifaransa ya mwisho wa karne ya 19 environ (tenda), maana yake kuzunguka. Neno mazingira pia lilitumiwa na Carlyle mwaka wa 1827 kurejelea jumla ya hali ambazo mtu au kitu huishi. Maana yake ilibadilika tena mwaka wa 1956 wakati lilitumiwa kwa maana ya ikolojia, ambapo [[Ekolojia|Ikolojia]] ni tawi la sayansi linaloshughulikia uhusiano wa viumbe hai na mazingira yao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=environ {{!}} Search Online Etymology Dictionary|url=https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=environ|accessdate=2020-12-14|work=www.etymonline.com}}</ref> Sehemu ya pili ya usemi wa mhandisi wa mazingira hutoka kwa mizizi ya lugha ya Kilatini na ilitumiwa katika karne ya 14 Kifaransa kama 'engignour', ikimaanisha mtengenezaji wa injini za kijeshi kama vile trebuchets, harquebuses, longbows, bunduki, catapults, ballistas, stirrups, silaha pamoja na vifaa vingine vya kuua katika vita. Neno mhandisi halikuweza kutumiwa kurejelea kazi za umma hadi karne ya 16; na labda iliingia katika lugha ya watu wengi kama maana ya mtengenezaji wa kazi za umma wakati wa John Smeaton. ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:uhandisi]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] hzy3pe1bfneu29m57aaqybnew3tefvf 0 221488 1611422 1525381 2026-10-26T18:04:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=Senait Fisseha|picha=Senait Fisseha.jpg}} '''Senait Fisseha''' (Amharic: ሰናይት ፍሰሃ) ni [[daktari]], wakili na mtaalamu wa afya ya wanawake kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]]. Alit specialize katika endocrinology katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan na alipata Shahada ya Haki kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Illinois.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Lane |first=Richard |date=2019-10-19 |title=Senait Fisseha: empowering women through reproductive health |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)32308-6/abstract |journal=The Lancet |language=English |volume=394 |issue=10207 |pages=1405 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32308-6 |issn=0140-6736 |pmid=31631846}}</ref> Kwa sasa, yeye ni Makamu wa Rais wa Programu za Kimataifa katika Fundi ya Susan Thompson Buffet.<ref>{{Citation|title=Commission Advisors - O'Neill|url=https://oneill.law.georgetown.edu/projects/the-oneill-lancet-commission-on-racism-structural-discrimination-and-global-health/commission-advisors/|work=O'Neill|language=en-US|access-date=2026-01-29|archive-date=2023-10-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019132207/https://oneill.law.georgetown.edu/projects/the-oneill-lancet-commission-on-racism-structural-discrimination-and-global-health/commission-advisors/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Senait amekuwa mtetezi wa usawa wa kimataifa, akifanya kazi na viongozi na taasisi za Kiafrika wakati wa janga la [[COVID-19]]. <ref>{{Citation|title=Africa: Progress for Women and Girls Is Essential Amid Covid-19 – Dr. Senait Fisseha|date=2020-08-09|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202008090050.html|work=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2026-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019132209/https://allafrica.com/stories/202008090050.html|archive-date=2023-10-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>Pia aliongoza kampeni ya uchaguzi na mpito wa Tedros Adhanom, [[Mkurugenzi]] Mkuu wa kwanza wa Kiafrika wa [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]], mwaka 2016–17. == Asili na elimu == Fisseha alizaliwa mjini [[Addis Ababa]], nchini [[Ethiopia]], ambako alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Shule ya Tiba ya Tikur Anbessa (Black Lion).<ref name=":52">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr.Senait Fisseha Awarded the Membership of Royal College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists (RCOG)|url=https://www.addisinsight.net/2019/01/31/dr-senait-fisseha-awarded-the-membership-of-royal-college-of-obstetrician-and-gynaecologists-rcog/|last=Insight|first=Addis|date=2019-01-31|website=Addis Insight|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-14|archive-date=2019-02-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203095518/http://www.addisinsight.net/2019/01/31/dr-senait-fisseha-awarded-the-membership-of-royal-college-of-obstetrician-and-gynaecologists-rcog/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baadaye alihamia [[United States]], na kusoma katika Rosary College (sasa Dominican University), ambako alipata shahada ya Sayansi (Bachelor of Science). Baadaye, Senait aliendelea na programu ya pamoja ya Juris Doctor (J.D.) na Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) katika Southern Illinois University, ambapo alihitimu kwa heshima<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=Mihret Lema |title=Who Is Who Senait Fisseha an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology |date=2014-10-11 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7KtwSFdsfg |access-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111004156/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A7KtwSFdsfg |url-status=live |archive-date=2020-01-11}}</ref> Alikamilisha mafunzo yake ya udaktari bingwa katika uzazi na magonjwa ya wanawake, pamoja na usomi maalum katika Taaluma ya homoni za uzazi na matatizo ya utasa katika University of Michigan Medical Center.<ref name=":9">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Senait Fisseha |url=https://new.ethioamericandoctors.com/profile/senait-fisseha-md/ |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=EADG |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019132209/https://new.ethioamericandoctors.com/profile/senait-fisseha-md/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kazi == Baada ya kukamilisha masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan, alijiunga na taasisi hiyo kama mhadhiri mchanga, na baadaye akapata nafasi ya kudumu (tenure track) iliyomfikisha kuwa profesa kamili. Katika kipindi chake akiwa University of Michigan, Fisseha alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za kitaaluma na kiutawala, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa mkurugenzi wa tiba wa Kituo cha Michigan cha Tiba ya Uzazi, mkuu wa kitengo cha endocrinolojia ya uzazi na utasa, na pia mkurugenzi mwenza wa programu ya Path of Excellence in Global Health & Disparities katika shule ya tiba. == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] j008f42rckdrf7my5dgbwi559rv4pam 0 227290 1611516 1577473 2026-10-27T06:47:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611516 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vasil Avrami''' alikuwa [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] na [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa [[Albania]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Sheria wa Albania kuanzia tarehe 6 Machi 1930 hadi 11 Aprili 1931. Alifuatwa na Milto Tutulani, ambaye naye baadaye alifuatwa na Mehdi Frashëri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The unknown story of the former Minister of Justice Vasil Avrami, who refused to take Skanderbeg’s Crown to Rome, the vici|url=https://memorie.al/en/the-unknown-story-of-the-former-minister-of-justice-vasil-avrami-who-refused-to-take-skanderbegs-crown-to-rome-the-vicissitudes-of-his-life/|work=Memorie.al|date=2021-03-06|accessdate=2026-04-08|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kush ishte Vasil Avrami, kryebashkiaku i parë i Korçës - Nga Klodi Stralla|url=https://flasshqip.ca/bota-shqiptare/trashegimi/7282-kush-ishte-vasil-avrami-kryebashkiaku-i-pare-i-korces-nga-klodi-stralla|work=Flas Shqip|accessdate=2026-04-08|language=sq-al|author=jeta|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260926103444/https://flasshqip.ca/bota-shqiptare/trashegimi/7282-kush-ishte-vasil-avrami-kryebashkiaku-i-pare-i-korces-nga-klodi-stralla|archivedate=2026-09-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Albania]] a7ygsoxjudars6030nxpqy9dd4lrzho 0 228061 1611530 1601058 2026-10-27T08:57:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendy Onyinye Osefo''' (née '''Ozuzu''', amezaliwa 21 Mei 1984) ni mchambuzi wa siasa wa nchini Nigeria, amesomea masuala ya utumishi wa umma, na mtangazaji wa televisheni. Yeye ni mshiriki mkuu wa waigizaji wa ''The Real Housewives of Potomac''. Wendy anafanya kazi katika uwanja wa uandishi wa habari na amepokea tuzo za kutambua michango yake katika eneo la uandishi wa habari. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa katika familia ya [[Waigbo]] nchini Nigeria, akahamia Marekani na familia yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 3 hadi [[Durham, North Carolina]] kabla ya kutua Maryland. Alisoma [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada ya kwanza]] katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Temple na shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa katika serikali, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins. Mnamo mwaka wa 2012, Osefo alikamilisha Shahada ya Uzamili katika masuala ya umma akiwa amejikita katika maendeleo ya jamii kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers–Camden. Mnamo mwaka wa 2016, alikuwa mwanamke Mweusi wa kwanza kupata Shahada ya Uzamivu (Ph.D.) katika masuala ya umma na maendeleo ya jamii kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers-Camden. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://admissions.camden.rutgers.edu/stories/wendy-osefo-16|title=Wendy Osefo '16|work=Rutgers University–Camden|accessdate=November 22, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004123123/https://admissions.camden.rutgers.edu/stories/wendy-osefo-16|archivedate=October 4, 2020}}</ref> Tasnifu yake inaitwa ''Kushirikisha Wazazi wa Kipato cha Chini Shuleni: Zaidi ya Mkutano wa PTA''. Gloria Bonilla-Santiago alikuwa mshauri wa udaktari wa Osefo. == Tuzo na utambuzi == * Mnamo 2017, Osefo alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa Wanawake 12 wa Pan African wa Kutazamwa na ''Face2Face Africa''. <ref name="face2faceafrica" /> * Alipokea Tuzo Bora ya Uzamili ya 2017 kutoka kwa mwanafunzi wake wa alma, Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Outstanding Recent Graduate Award|url=https://alumni.jhu.edu/awards/recentgrad|work=Johns Hopkins Alumni|accessdate=October 19, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810193529/https://alumni.jhu.edu/awards/recentgrad|archivedate=2025-08-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Pia mnamo 2017, alipokea Tuzo ya Distinguished Recent Alumni kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Johns Hopkins. <ref name="face2faceafrica">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Nkem|first=Omolayo|url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/12-influential-young-pan-african-women-watch|title=12 Influential Young Pan-African Women to Watch|date=June 2, 2017|work=Face2Face Africa|accessdate=November 22, 2019}}</ref> * Yeye ndiye mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Utambuzi wa Tofauti. * Osefo alitajwa katika darasa la 2017 la 40 Under 40 na ''Jarida la Biashara la Baltimore''. * ''Gazeti la Baltimore Sun'' lilimtaja Osefo kama mmoja wa Wanawake 25 wa Kutazamwa. * Alitajwa kuwa mshindi wa tuzo ya Wanawake Weusi katika Vyombo vya Habari mwaka wa 2018 kwa kazi yake katika vyombo vya habari na televisheni. == Maisha binafsi == Mnamo Agosti mwaka wa 2011, aliolewa na Edward Osefo. Wawili hao wanaishi Finksburg, Maryland na watoto wao watatu waliojaliwa. Uhusiano wao huonyeshwa mara kwa mara kwenye ''The Real Housewives of Potomac''. Familia hiyo ni [[Kanisa Katoliki|ya dini ya Wakatoliki]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Singleton|first=Sheridan|date=November 21, 2023|title='RHOP' Is Demonizing the Culture and Spirituality of Nigeria|url=https://collider.com/real-housewives-of-potomac-wendy-osefo-nneka-nigerian/|accessdate=December 11, 2023|work=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]|language=en}}</ref> Osefo alimuunga mkono hadharani [[Kamala Harris]] katika [[Uchaguzi wa Rais wa Marekani, 2024|uchaguzi wa rais wa Marekani wa mwaka wa 2024.]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Harris|first=Raquel|date=November 5, 2024|title=Halle Berry, Kumali Nanjiani, Andy Cohen and More Celebrate Election Day With 'I Voted' Selfies|url=https://www.thewrap.com/celebrity-election-day-i-voted-selfie-photos/|accessdate=November 6, 2024|work=[[TheWrap]]|language=en-US}}</ref> === Mashtaka ya ulaghai === Osefo na mumewe walikamatwa mnamo Oktoba Tarehe 10,ya mwaka wa 2025, na kushtakiwa kwa makosa 16 ya ulaghai wa bima. Mashtaka hayo yanatokana na wizi unaodaiwa kutokea Aprili mwaka wa 2024 nyumbani kwa Osefo. Akina Osefo walidai kwamba vitu vingi vya kifahari viliibiwa, vikiwa na thamani ya $450,000. Manaibu waliripotiwa kubaini kwamba vitu vingi vilikuwa vimerudishwa madukani kwa ajili ya kurejeshewa pesa. Baada ya kuwekwa kwenye nafasi, akina Osefo waliachiliwa kwa dhamana ya $50,000. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 55hh7y5f6gg7jopup4k3742cagygi4v 0 229857 1611296 1529904 2026-10-26T12:45:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Portia Arthur''' (alizaliwa [[7 Januari|Januari 7]], [[1990]]) ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari kutoka Ghana . <ref name="myjoyonline.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/July-22nd/against-the-odds-lifestyle-writer-portia-arthur-empowers-millennials-through-new-book.php|title=Against The Odds! New book by Lifestyle Writer Portia Arthur empowers millennials|work=myjoyonline.com|accessdate=22 August 2019|archive-date=2019-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904175728/https://www.myjoyonline.com/lifestyle/2019/July-22nd/against-the-odds-lifestyle-writer-portia-arthur-empowers-millennials-through-new-book.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ghanafuo.com/2019/08/lifestyle-writer-portia-arthur-models-megsignatures-new-collection.html|title=Lifestyle writer, Portia Arthur models for Meg'signature's new collection|date=21 August 2019|first=Kristine|author=Arthur|work=Ghanafuo.com|accessdate=22 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411011355/https://ghanafuo.com/2019/08/lifestyle-writer-portia-arthur-models-megsignatures-new-collection.html|archivedate=2021-04-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizindua kitabu chake cha kwanza chenye kichwa cha habari ''Against the Odds'' mnamo Julai 2018. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.amazon.com.au/Against-Odds-Portia-Arthur-ebook/dp/B077K52MW5|title=Against The Odds|last=Arthur|first=Portia|date=16 November 2017|publisher=Portia Arthur|others=Isaac Nana Baah, Alex Osei Bonsu|editor-last=Anaman|editor-first=Fiifi Essilfie|language=English}}</ref> Pia alianzisha Mpango wa Kitabu kwa Mtoto, ambao unalenga kuwahamasisha vijana kusoma kwa kuwasaidia kwa vifaa vya kielimu na kuanzisha vilabu vya kusoma katika shule na makanisa mbalimbali. <ref name="myjoyonline.com" /> Tangu 2022, yeye ni mhariri wa mitindo wa ''Yen News'', baada ya miaka sita kama mhariri wa mtindo wa maisha wa ''Pulse Africa'' nchini Ghana. == Elimu == Arthur alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Kwame Nkrumah mnamo 2013, akipata Shahada ya Kwanza katika Masomo ya Uchapishaji. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-10-01|title=Author Portia Arthur - Entertainment Editor, All Articles and News on Yen.com.gh|url=https://yen.com.gh/authors/portia-arthur/|accessdate=2025-10-01|work=yen.com.gh|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Business Insider - Meet Ghanaian author">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/against-the-odds-meet-ghanaian-author-portia-arthur-on-a-mission-to-cultivate-a/bj1lwxj|title=Meet Ghanaian author Portia Arthur, on a mission to cultivate a reading culture among children|date=7 January 2018|work=[[Business Insider]]|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref> Aliendelea kupata ujuzi wa usimamizi kupitia kozi za Udemy, ikiwa ni pamoja na Mafunzo ya Uthibitishaji wa [[Usimamizi wa Miradi|PMP]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Portia Arthur|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/portia-arthur-1636837b/|accessdate=12 August 2021|work=Linked In}}</ref> == Kazi == Baada ya kusoma uchapishaji chuo kikuu, kazi ya kwanza ya Arthur ilikuwa kama mwandishi wa mtindo wa maisha wa ''Pulse Africa'', nchini Ghana, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Arthur Portia {{!}} Pulse Ghana|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh//authors/arthur-portia-2024080619161286112|accessdate=2025-10-01|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en|archive-date=2025-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113050318/https://www.pulse.com.gh/authors/arthur-portia-2024080619161286112|url-status=dead}}</ref> chini ya usimamizi wa Godfred Akoto Boafo. <ref name="Business Insider - Meet Ghanaian author2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/against-the-odds-meet-ghanaian-author-portia-arthur-on-a-mission-to-cultivate-a/bj1lwxj|title=Meet Ghanaian author Portia Arthur, on a mission to cultivate a reading culture among children|date=7 January 2018|work=[[Business Insider]]|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref> Akiongozwa na hadithi moja aliyoripoti, kuhusu ukosefu wa miundombinu ya shule katika kitongoji changu, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/crisis-hundreds-of-pupils-stranded-as-two-schools-fight-over-building/pf7cqcr|title=Hundreds of pupils stranded as two schools fight over building|first=Portia|author=Arthur|work=Pulse Ghana|date=31 January 2017|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref> alianza mradi unaoitwa "Mpango wa Kitabu kwa Mtoto". <ref name="Business Insider - Meet Ghanaian author2" /> Kama alivyosema, aliuona kama "njia ya kuboresha kiwango cha kusoma na kuandika cha viongozi wetu wa baadaye. Lakini nilifikiri ni njia gani bora ya kuchangia katika kutatua tatizo nililoliona kuliko kutumia mafunzo yangu ya uchapishaji na shauku ya kuandika kitabu? Pia niligundua kuwa ningeweza kufadhili baadhi ya watoto na karo yao kwa mapato kutokana na mauzo ya vitabu." <ref name="Business Insider - Meet Ghanaian author2" /> Kama sehemu ya mradi huo, kitabu chake cha kwanza, ''Against the Odds'', kilizinduliwa mwaka wa 2018. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/against-the-odds-new-book-by-lifestyle-writer-portia-arthur-empowers-millennials/|title=Against The Odds! New book by Lifestyle Writer Portia Arthur empowers millennials|work=myjoyonline.com|date=20 July 2019|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref> Mnamo 2020, aliteuliwa kuwa Meneja Mkuu wa Blackbusters Family Media. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Portia-Arthur-appointed-as-General-Manager-of-Blackbusters-Family-Media-959191|title=Portia Arthur appointed as General Manager of Blackbusters Family Media|work=GhanaWeb|date=22 May 2020|accessdate=20 November 2022}}</ref> Baada ya miaka sita kama mhariri wa mtindo wa maisha katika ''Pulse'', alijiunga na ''Yen News'' kama mhariri wake wa mitindo, mnamo 2022. <ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-10-01|title=Author Portia Arthur - Entertainment Editor, All Articles and News on Yen.com.gh|url=https://yen.com.gh/authors/portia-arthur/|accessdate=2025-10-01|work=yen.com.gh|language=en}}</ref> Arthur aliteuliwa kama Mwanablogu wa Mitindo/Mtindo wa Maisha wa Mwaka katika Tuzo za Maisha za Ghana za 2019. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/events/pulse-ghanas-portia-arthur-nominated-for-2019-ghana-lifestyle-awards/948ze5p|title=Pulse Ghana's Portia Arthur nominated for 2019 Ghana Lifestyle Awards|date=10 March 2019|work=pulse.com.gh|accessdate=22 August 2019}}</ref> Pia aliteuliwa kwa Blogu ya Vipodozi ya Mwaka katika Tuzo za Vipodozi za Ghana za 2019 kwa mchango wake katika Pulse Lifestyle kwenye Pulse Ghana. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bellanaijastyle.com/third-ghana-makeup-awards/|title=Ghana makeup Awards|work=|date=9 April 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ghana]] jbdv90bvn04kv2av541rxthy4d7b020 0 230422 1611580 1529545 2026-10-27T10:00:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Wood Johnson IV''' (Alizaliwa [[Aprili 12]], [[1947]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Marekani]] na mmiliki ,mwenyekiti wa timu ya ''New York Jets'' ya National Football League (NFL).<ref>Reuters. "New York Jets co-owner Johnson completes purchase of 43% stake in Crystal Palace." 25 July 2025. https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/new-york-jets-co-owner-johnson-completes-purchase-stake-palace-2025-07-25/</ref> Alihudumu kama balozi wa Marekani nchini [[Uingereza]] kuanzia mwaka [[2017]] hadi [[2021]] wakati wa muhula wa kwanza wa [[Donald Trump]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kennedy |first=Ryan |date=2020-05-09 |title=Betty Wold Johnson – in memoriam |url=https://www.hopewellboro-nj.us/betty-wold-johnson-in-memoriam/ |access-date=2024-06-18 |website=Hopewell Borough |language=en-US |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618182311/https://www.hopewellboro-nj.us/betty-wold-johnson-in-memoriam/ |archivedate=2024-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Alinunua timu ya Jets mwaka [[2000]] kwa dola milioni 635.<ref name=pPhilanthropist&Fan>{{Rejea habari |author=Richard Sandomir|title=Philanthropist and Fan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/12/sports/man-in-the-news-philanthropist-and-fan.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=Robert Wood Johnson IV, whose great-grandfather founded Johnson & Johnson, won the right yesterday to buy the Jets for $635 million, the third-highest price for a professional sports team and the most for one in New York.|date=January 12, 2000|access-date=January 23, 2008}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] otbkhrkvf9kuzbhj0khozk4skxorfd1 0 232662 1611404 1538215 2026-10-26T15:12:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger''' '''Patrick''' '''Millimono''' ni mchumi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Guinea]]. Alifanya kazi kama mshauri katika Benki Kuu ya Jamhuri ya Guinea kabla ya kuingia serikalini. Kuanzia Mei 2018 hadi Juni 2020, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mazingira, Maji na Misitu. Baada ya hapo, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mifugo katika serikali iliyoongozwa na Ibrahima Kassory Fofana, akihudumu hadi 20 Januari 2021. Baadaye, aliendelea na nafasi ya Waziri wa Kilimo hadi tarehe 5 Septemba 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gouvernement Kassory : voici la liste des 33 ministres (Décret) - Guineematin.com|url=https://guineematin.com/2018/05/26/gouvernement-kassory-voici-la-liste-des-33-ministres-decret/|date=2018-05-26|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR|author=admin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401230335/https://guineematin.com/2018/05/26/gouvernement-kassory-voici-la-liste-des-33-ministres-decret/|archivedate=2020-04-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Guinea]] jlhptk5iuqzalemflrqwrfzzcsrk56v 0 234838 1611590 1543733 2026-10-27T10:39:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611590 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yogera''' ni filamu ya kuigiza ya nchini [[Uganda]] kuhusu mwanamke kijana ambaye ni kiziwi (Cleopatra Koheirwe), akizurura mitaani jijini [[Kampala]] akitokea kijijini kwao Ishaka baada ya dada yake pacha kumtupa nje kwa kumtia aibu.<ref>{{Citation|last=Apenyo|first=Mildred|title=Movie: Yogera - Vision Group Archives|url=http://archives.visiongroup.co.ug/collections/114-alive/14684-movie-yogera|access-date=2026-05-14|archive-date=2017-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819191509/http://archives.visiongroup.co.ug/collections/114-alive/14684-movie-yogera|url-status=dead}}</ref> Filamu hiyo iliongozwa na Donald Mugisha na kuonyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza jijini Kampala mnamo tarehe 22 Juni 2010. == Muhtasari == Baada ya kifo cha mama yake, mwanamke huyo kiziwi anakimbia kutoka nyumbani kwao kijijini kwenda kumtembelea dada yake anayesikia mjini, lakini anaepukwa naye na analazimika kuvumilia hali ngumu peke yake mitaani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yogera {{!}} African Film|url=http://africa-archive.com/ug/yogera|accessdate=2026-05-14|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410195539/http://africa-archive.com/ug/yogera|archivedate=2026-04-10|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Cultures-Uganda {{!}} Portal to cultural diversity|url=https://www.spla.pro/pays.uganda.227.html|work=Spla|accessdate=2026-05-14|language=en}}</ref> == Waigizaji == Waigizaji wa Yogera waliongozwa na [[Cleopatra Koheirwe]] ambaye aliigiza nyusika mbili katika filamu hiyo kama Hope, mwanamke kijana ambaye ni kiziwi na mhusika mkuu wa filamu hiyo na pia kama G.G, dada yake pacha anayesikia ambaye anamkataa Hope kwa sababu ya kumfedhehesha. Waigizaji wengine wote wametengenezwa na watu mashuhuri. * Cleopatra Koheirwe kama Hope/G.G * Mark Bugembe * Bobi Wine * Hellen Lukoma * Olot Bonny == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2010]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Uganda]] [[Jamii:Filamu kwa lugha ya Kiingereza]] trjyf9mqoyjs8aahgxmz34lftr6yjci 0 238571 1611599 1597631 2026-10-27T11:08:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuri Vasilyevich Mamonov''' (18 Februari 1958 – 11 Juni 2022) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]]. Alihudumu kama Mbunge wa [[Duma ya Serikali]] katika [[Duma ya Serikali ya Awamu ya 3|awamu yake ya tatu]], kati ya mwaka 2000 na 2003. == Kazi == Mamonov alizaliwa katika [[Mkoa wa Moscow]] nchini [[Umoja wa Kisovieti]] mnamo tarehe 18 Februari 1958.<ref name="rn">{{cite web|url=http://runetbook.ru/catalog/mamonov-uriy-vasilevich|title=Мамонов Юрий Васильевич|publisher=runetbook.ru|language=ru|access-date=12 June 2022|archive-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116133713/http://runetbook.ru/catalog/mamonov-uriy-vasilevich|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Serikali cha Uhandisi wa Kilimo cha Moscow ({{ill|Moscow State University of Agroengineering|ru|Московский государственный агроинженерный университет имени В. П. Горячкина}}) mnamo mwaka 1980.<ref name="iz">{{cite web|url=https://iz.ru/1348375/2022-06-11/v-moskve-naiden-mertvym-eks-deputat-ot-ldpr-mamonov|title= В Москве найден мертвым экс-депутат от ЛДПР Мамонов|publisher=[[Izvestia]]|language=ru|date=11 June 2022|access-date=12 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="lab">{{cite web|url=https://www.labyrinth.ru/content/card.asp?cardid=56332|title=МАМОНОВ Юрий Васильевич|publisher=labyrinth.ru|language=ru|access-date=12 June 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208161558/https://www.labyrinth.ru/content/card.asp?cardid=56332|archivedate=2011-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mwalimu kati ya mwaka 1980 na 1982, na alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovieti]]. Kuanzia mwaka 1982 hadi 1988, alifanya kazi za chama na harakati za [[Komsomol]], na kisha kuanzia 1988 hadi 1994 alikuwa mkuu wa makanika na baadaye mhandisi mkuu wa shamba la majaribio la Ilyinskoye.<ref name="lab"/> Mnamo mwaka 1994, alikua Mkurugenzi Mkuu na Mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni ya CJSC All Stars, ambayo ni kampuni ya kimataifa ya usafirishaji wa shehena za mizigo yenye makao yake katika Mkoa wa Moscow.<ref name="lab"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Urusi]] bgrspn9rxuj9sg1ej5fsp1i9wb3lzeo 0 240044 1611583 1558986 2026-10-27T10:13:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611583 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A. David Andrews''' (amezaliwa 1933) ni [[mwanaastronomia]] kutoka [[Eire]]. Alisoma katika Oriel College, Oxford na Chuo Kikuu cha Dublin. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960 alikaa nchini [[Denmark]], akifanya kazi pamoja na mwanafizikia wa anga M. Rudkjobing katika Observatori ya Aarhus. Mwaka 1963 alihamia Armagh Observatory huko Eire ya Kaskazini, ambako alifanya kazi kwa miaka 35 iliyofuata. Andrews aligundua sayari ndogo 1727 Mette (iliyopewa jina la mke wake wa Kidenmark, Mette) akiwa katika Boyden Observatory, iliyoko Bloemfontein]], [[Afrika Kusini]], ambapo alikuwa kaimu mkurugenzi. Akiwa Boyden Observatory ndipo alipoanza kazi yake ya maisha yote kuhusu nyota za mlipuko (flare stars).<ref>''Nine flares of YZ CMi'' Publ. Astron. Soc. Pacific vol.78, p.324 (1966)</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1933|}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Ireland]] jv7sl90q9c7vfwb6bnd65sr2ntwmug7 0 242243 1611406 1579788 2026-10-26T15:19:05Z MARkarani 82546 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368275915|Hayley Law]]" 1611406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hayley Law''' (aalizaliwa Novemba 18, 1992) ni mwigizaji na mwimbaji kutoka Kanada, maarufu kwa uigizaji wake wa Valerie Brown katika vitengo vya tamthilia [[The CW|ya CW]] ''Riverdale'', Lizzie Elliot katika vitengo vya hadithi za kisayansi [[Netflix|za Netflix]], ''Altered Carbon'', na Tess katika filamu nyeusi ya vichekesho ''ya Spontaneous'' . Law alizaliwa mwezi wa Novemba 18, 1992, huko [[Vancouver]], British Columbia, Kanada. Alianza kuigiza katika nafasi ya mara kwa mara kama Valerie Brown kwenye vitengo vya tamthilia [[The CW|wa CW]] ''Riverdale'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cbr.com/interview-riverdale-josie-pussycats/|title=Josie and the Pussycats Snag More Of Riverdale's Spotlight in Season 2|author=Puchko|first=Kristy|date=July 25, 2017|work=CBR|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}</ref> Alifuata kwa majukumu katika maonyesho ya televisheni na filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''The Arrangement'', ''Stickman'', ''The New Romantic'' na ''Altered Carbon'' ya [[Netflix]] . <ref name="Stickman">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://scifiandtvtalk.typepad.com/scifiandtvtalk/2017/10/riverdales-hayley-law-talks-stickman.html|title=Riverdale's Hayley Law Talks Stickman|author=Eramo|first=Steve|date=October 20, 2017|work=Scifiandtvtalk|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}</ref> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Articles with hCards]] eb8u0hwq83k5nrk0jvhsejjcp0kka64 1611537 1611406 2026-10-27T09:26:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hayley Law''' (alizaliwa [[Vancouver]], [[British Kolumbia|British Columbia]], [[18 Novemba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] nchini [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa uigizaji wake kama Valerie Brown kwenye mfululizo wa tamthilia wa CW uitwao Riverdale, Lizzie Elliot kwenye mfululizo wa sayansi ya kubuni wa ''Netflix'', ''Altered Carbon'', na ''Tess'' kwenye filamu ya vichekesho vyenye giza Spontaneous.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/interview-riverdale-josie-pussycats/|title=Josie and the Pussycats Snag More Of Riverdale's Spotlight in Season 2|last = Puchko|first = Kristy|date = July 25, 2017|work = CBR|access-date = December 5, 2017}}</ref> Law alianza kuigiza katika nafasi ya mara kwa mara kama Valerie Brown kwenye vitengo vya tamthilia vya [[The CW|CW]] ''Riverdale''. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cbr.com/interview-riverdale-josie-pussycats/|title=Josie and the Pussycats Snag More Of Riverdale's Spotlight in Season 2|author=Puchko|first=Kristy|date=July 25, 2017|work=CBR|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}</ref> Alifuata kwa majukumu katika maonyesho ya televisheni na filamu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ''The Arrangement'', ''Stickman'', ''The New Romantic'' na ''Altered Carbon'' ya [[Netflix]] . <ref name="Stickman">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://scifiandtvtalk.typepad.com/scifiandtvtalk/2017/10/riverdales-hayley-law-talks-stickman.html|title=Riverdale's Hayley Law Talks Stickman|author=Eramo|first=Steve|date=October 20, 2017|work=Scifiandtvtalk|accessdate=December 5, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[jamii:waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] ktwtmrmlbk7a3mvl7v4yrekv0pzaytc 0 242759 1611320 1583817 2026-10-26T13:20:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Waweru''' ni jina la [[Kenya|Kikenya]] wanalopewa [[watoto]] wa kiume wa [[kabila]] la [[Wakikuyu]], hasa katika eneo la Mlima Kenya. Baadhi ya watu mashuhuri wenye jina la Waweru ni: *[[Charles Waweru Kamathi]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1978]]) – Mwanariadha wa Kenya aliyebobea katika mbio za masafa marefu *[[David Waweru]] – Afisa Mkuu Mtendaji (CEO) wa [[kampuni]] ya uchapishaji ya WordAlive Publishers *[[George Japhet Waweru]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1978]]) – [[Mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka Kenya *[[Joel Waweru Mwangi]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1959]]) – [[Askofu]] wa Kenya *[[John Kiarie Waweru]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1978]]) – [[Mwanasiasa]] wa Kenya *[[Julius Waweru Karangi]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1951]]) – [[Jenerali]] mstaafu wa [[Jeshi]] la Ulinzi la Kenya (Kenya Defence Forces) *[[Patrick Waweru]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1958]]) – [[Bondia]] kutoka Kenya *[[Peter Waweru]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) – Mwamuzi wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Kenya *[[Wangechi Waweru]] (amezaliwa mwaka [[1994]]) – [[Mwanamuziki]] wa Kenya {{maana}} [[Jamii:majina]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] s35zy0cvtq63mg2lesiypgqv4emlgju 0 243386 1611417 1583786 2026-10-26T17:44:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''S'busiso Nkosi''' (jina kamili '''S'busiso Romeo Nkosi''', alizaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya [[chama]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Anachezea: * (timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini) * Free State Cheetahs katika mashindano ya Currie Cup Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ni winger. == Kazi ya raga == ==== 2012–2014: Raga ya vijana – Pumas na Golden Lions ==== S'busiso Nkosi alikulia katika [[mji]] wa Barberton. [[Mwaka]] [[2012]], timu yake ya [[eneo]] hilo, Pumas, ilimuita ili aiwakilishe katika mashindano ya vijana ya Chini ya miaka 16 Grant Khomo Week. Katika mashindano hayo, Nkosi alicheza mechi tatu 3. == Heshima na mafanikio == S'busiso Nkosi amepata mafanikio yafuatayo: === Kombe la Currie === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Currie — 2018 === Mashindano ya Rugby Championship === * Bingwa wa Rugby Championship — 2019 === Kombe la Dunia la Raga lililofanyika Japan mwaka 2019 === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Dunia la Raga (Japan 2019) — 2019 === Timu ya pili ya Afrika Kusini === * Mshindi wa mchezo wa maonyesho (exhibition match) — 2021 <ref>https://briefly.co.za/37030-sbu-nkosi-biography-age-measurements-100m-time-injury-high-school-current-team-stats-salary-instagram.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=SN952641 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527185341/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=SN952641 |archivedate=2025-05-27 |accessdate=2026-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]] k3a4hazloe6x11h0w0lkx7g48wssieo 1611486 1611417 2026-10-27T04:07:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''S'busiso Nkosi''' (jina kamili '''S'busiso Romeo Nkosi''', alizaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya [[chama]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Anachezea: * (timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini) * Free State Cheetahs katika mashindano ya Currie Cup Nafasi yake ya kawaida uwanjani ni winger. == Kazi ya raga == ==== 2012–2014: Raga ya vijana – Pumas na Golden Lions ==== S'busiso Nkosi alikulia katika [[mji]] wa Barberton. [[Mwaka]] [[2012]], timu yake ya [[eneo]] hilo, Pumas, ilimuita ili aiwakilishe katika mashindano ya vijana ya Chini ya miaka 16 Grant Khomo Week. Katika mashindano hayo, Nkosi alicheza mechi tatu 3. == Heshima na mafanikio == S'busiso Nkosi amepata mafanikio yafuatayo: === Kombe la Currie === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Currie — 2018 === Mashindano ya Rugby Championship === * Bingwa wa Rugby Championship — 2019 === Kombe la Dunia la Raga lililofanyika Japan mwaka 2019 === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Dunia la Raga (Japan 2019) — 2019 === Timu ya pili ya Afrika Kusini === * Mshindi wa mchezo wa maonyesho (exhibition match) — 2021 <ref>https://briefly.co.za/37030-sbu-nkosi-biography-age-measurements-100m-time-injury-high-school-current-team-stats-salary-instagram.html</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=SN952641 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527185341/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=SN952641 |archivedate=2025-05-27 |accessdate=2026-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]] 6bm5zf83ktpa3yk2j3kpowwxkqci12n 0 243390 1611411 1583788 2026-10-26T16:04:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rynhardt Elstadt 2018.jpg|thumb|Rynhardt Elstadt 2018]] '''Rynhardt Elstadt''' (alizaliwa [[20 Desemba]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya [[chama]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Anachezea: * (timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini) * Stade Toulousain katika ligi ya Top 14 ya [[Ufaransa]] Nafasi zake za kawaida uwanjani ni: * Mfungaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele * Mchezaji wa safu ya pili == Heshima na mafanikio == Rynhardt Elstadt amepata mafanikio yafuatayo: Western Province === Kombe la Currie === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Currie * [[2014]] Stade Toulousain === Heineken Cup === * Bingwa wa Mashindano ya Mabingwa wa Raga ya Ulaya * [[2021]] === Top 14 (Ligi Kuu ya Raga ya Ufaransa) === * Bingwa * 2019, 2021 Afrika Kusini (Springboks) === Rugby Championship === * Bingwa wa Rugby Championship * [[2019]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RE870406 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223230107/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RE870406 |archivedate=2025-02-23 |accessdate=2026-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]] 0r7ygzwkdhc8k37xoo065684hihj8v7 1611481 1611411 2026-10-27T03:58:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611481 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rynhardt Elstadt 2018.jpg|thumb|Rynhardt Elstadt 2018]] '''Rynhardt Elstadt''' (alizaliwa [[20 Desemba]] [[1989]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[raga]] ya [[chama]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Anachezea: * (timu ya taifa ya Afrika Kusini) * Stade Toulousain katika ligi ya Top 14 ya [[Ufaransa]] Nafasi zake za kawaida uwanjani ni: * Mfungaji wa pembeni wa safu ya mbele * Mchezaji wa safu ya pili == Heshima na mafanikio == Rynhardt Elstadt amepata mafanikio yafuatayo: Western Province === Kombe la Currie === * Bingwa wa Kombe la Currie * [[2014]] Stade Toulousain === Heineken Cup === * Bingwa wa Mashindano ya Mabingwa wa Raga ya Ulaya * [[2021]] === Top 14 (Ligi Kuu ya Raga ya Ufaransa) === * Bingwa * 2019, 2021 Afrika Kusini (Springboks) === Rugby Championship === * Bingwa wa Rugby Championship * [[2019]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RE870406 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223230107/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RE870406 |archivedate=2025-02-23 |accessdate=2026-08-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Afrika Kusini]] scecgufnlirb7lvie4d2e9o6q53dk90 0 243575 1611467 1611260 2026-10-27T03:19:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Olivier Magne.jpg|thumb|Olivier Magne]] '''Olivier Magne''' (alizaliwa [[11 Aprili]] [[1973]] huko Aurillac, Cantal) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na [[kocha]] wa sasa. Magne alikuwa mchezaji wa safu ya nyuma ya washambuliaji, anayejulikana hasa kwa kasi yake na uwezo wake wa kushika [[mpira]] katika mchezo wa wazi. Aliiwakilisha Ufaransa mara 89, akifunga majaribio14. Alijiunga na timu yake ya mji wa nyumbani, Stade Aurillacois, akiwa mvulana mwaka [[1979]]. Baadaye alichezea CA Brive na US Dax, kabla ya kujiunga na ASM Clermont Auvergne kwa msimu wa [[1999]]–[[2000]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=OM938886 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528182226/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=OM938886 |archivedate=2025-05-28 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240916070011/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/12438.html</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pr9uek8rarufvps5acq9v982mv23kot 0 243580 1611287 1584366 2026-10-26T12:13:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Saint-André''' (matamshi ya kifonetiki ya Kifaransa: [fi.lip ʒɔʁʒ sɛ̃.t‿ɑ̃.dʁe]; alizaliwa [[19 Aprili]] [[1967]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na kwa sasa ni meneja wa [[klabu]] ya Provence Rugby inayoshiriki Pro D2. Alipata [[mechi]] 69 za kimataifa akiwa na Timu ya Taifa ya Raga ya Ufaransa kati ya mwaka [[1990]] na [[1997]]. Nafasi yake aliyopendelea kucheza ilikuwa wing (mshambuliaji wa pembeni), lakini pia aliweza kucheza kama centre (mchezaji wa katikati katika safu ya nyuma). == Mafanikio == Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy * Washindi: [[2012]], 2014, [[2015]] Trophée des Bicentenaires * Washindi: 2012, Novemba [[2014]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=PS298966 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720052319/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=PS298966 |archivedate=2025-07-20 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120623221458/http://www.rugbyconnection.com/en/coach/155/saint-andre.philippe</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] dkrw7fz5acj2bm4o3rtys76g6hpovzu 1611470 1611287 2026-10-27T03:36:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philippe Saint-André''' (matamshi ya kifonetiki ya Kifaransa: [fi.lip ʒɔʁʒ sɛ̃.t‿ɑ̃.dʁe]; alizaliwa [[19 Aprili]] [[1967]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] na kwa sasa ni meneja wa [[klabu]] ya Provence Rugby inayoshiriki Pro D2. Alipata [[mechi]] 69 za kimataifa akiwa na Timu ya Taifa ya Raga ya Ufaransa kati ya mwaka [[1990]] na [[1997]]. Nafasi yake aliyopendelea kucheza ilikuwa wing (mshambuliaji wa pembeni), lakini pia aliweza kucheza kama centre (mchezaji wa katikati katika safu ya nyuma). == Mafanikio == Giuseppe Garibaldi Trophy * Washindi: [[2012]], 2014, [[2015]] Trophée des Bicentenaires * Washindi: 2012, Novemba [[2014]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=PS298966 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720052319/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=PS298966 |archivedate=2025-07-20 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120623221458/http://www.rugbyconnection.com/en/coach/155/saint-andre.philippe</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cjgztta6n4vwzsg63saa346t0dti3d4 0 243587 1611316 1584373 2026-10-26T13:15:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rabah Slimani.png|thumb|Rabah Slimani]] '''Rabah Slimani''' (alizaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1989]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza nafasi ya (mshambuliaji wa mbele anayesukuma kwenye scrum). Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya [[Ireland]] ya Leinster Rugby katika mashindano ya Mashindano ya United Rugby Championship (URC) na pia ameiwakilisha Timu ya Taifa ya Raga ya Ufaransa. == Mafanikio == === Klabu: ASM Clermont Auvergne 🇫🇷 === Top 14 (Ubingwa wa Raga wa Ufaransa): * [[2017]] European Rugby Challenge Cup: * [[2019]] === Klabu: Leinster Rugby 🇮🇪 === United Rugby Championship (URC): * 2025 * [[2026]] <ref>https://www.leparisien.fr/sports/rabah-slimani-l-enfant-d-a-cote-28-02-2015-4563781.php</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RS653416 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226104256/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RS653416 |archivedate=2024-12-26 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5m9bi14j3s7cy55cnf6v64cf5lwhhe8 1611474 1611316 2026-10-27T03:43:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rabah Slimani.png|thumb|Rabah Slimani]] '''Rabah Slimani''' (alizaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1989]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye hucheza nafasi ya (mshambuliaji wa mbele anayesukuma kwenye scrum). Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya [[Ireland]] ya Leinster Rugby katika mashindano ya Mashindano ya United Rugby Championship (URC) na pia ameiwakilisha Timu ya Taifa ya Raga ya Ufaransa. == Mafanikio == === Klabu: ASM Clermont Auvergne 🇫🇷 === Top 14 (Ubingwa wa Raga wa Ufaransa): * [[2017]] European Rugby Challenge Cup: * [[2019]] === Klabu: Leinster Rugby 🇮🇪 === United Rugby Championship (URC): * 2025 * [[2026]] <ref>https://www.leparisien.fr/sports/rabah-slimani-l-enfant-d-a-cote-28-02-2015-4563781.php</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RS653416 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226104256/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RS653416 |archivedate=2024-12-26 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1mwnog5arzfdnmk1ri1k7p3w4srrxc0 0 243592 1611408 1584375 2026-10-26T15:21:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romain Taofifénua''' (alizaliwa [[14 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza nafasi ya (mshambuliaji wa pili katika safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya Racing 92 katika ligi ya Top 14. == Mafanikio == === Taifa: France national rugby union team 🇫🇷 === Six Nations Championship: * [[2022]] * [[2025]] Six Nations Grand Slam: * 2022 === Klabu: RC Toulon 🇫🇷 === European Rugby Champions Cup: * [[2015]] <ref>https://www.rugbyrama.fr/rugby/les-bleus-se-baladent_sto3302393/story.shtml</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RT351750 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811235129/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RT351750 |archivedate=2025-08-11 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] sgvn4atsdvqiw06vtt8j79c2xh4mef5 1611479 1611408 2026-10-27T03:53:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romain Taofifénua''' (alizaliwa [[14 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza nafasi ya (mshambuliaji wa pili katika safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya Racing 92 katika ligi ya Top 14. == Mafanikio == === Taifa: France national rugby union team 🇫🇷 === Six Nations Championship: * [[2022]] * [[2025]] Six Nations Grand Slam: * 2022 === Klabu: RC Toulon 🇫🇷 === European Rugby Champions Cup: * [[2015]] <ref>https://www.rugbyrama.fr/rugby/les-bleus-se-baladent_sto3302393/story.shtml</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RT351750 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811235129/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RT351750 |archivedate=2025-08-11 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] l30xeu4t0h6rg8tnsotjklqvdnob28a 0 243638 1611452 1584390 2026-10-27T01:30:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Thomas Domingo.jpg|thumb|Thomas Domingo]] '''Thomas Domingo''' (alizaliwa [[20 Agosti]] [[1985]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya [[chama]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Ana asili ya [[Ureno]] (mzao wa Wareno). Domingo, ambaye hucheza nafasi ya prop wa upande wa kushoto, huichezea [[klabu]] ya ASM Clermont Auvergne. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza kwa timu ya [[taifa]] ya Ufaransa dhidi ya [[Wales]] tarehe 27 Februari [[2009]]. Alicheza katika mchezo wa fainali wakati Clermont ilipotwaa ubingwa wa Top 14 msimu wa 2009–10. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=TD695266 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204165729/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=TD695266 |archivedate=2024-12-04 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://all.rugby/player/thomas-domingo</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4kaa8lt7oz1yzd6wapimhpc8zca0ti0 0 243644 1611412 1585323 2026-10-26T16:07:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rémi Lamerat.png|thumb|Rémi Lamerat]] '''Rémi Lamerat''' (hutamkwa [ʁe.mi la.mə.ʁa], alizaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya chama kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa mchezaji wa safu ya nyuma . Alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Toulousain, kabla ya kuhamia Castres Olympique mwaka [[2012]]. Baadaye alihamia ASM Clermont Auvergne mwaka [[2016]], na kisha akaenda Union Bordeaux Bègles mwaka [[2019]]. Baada ya kustaafu raga ya kulipwa mwaka 2023, Lamerat alihamia katika sekta ya mvinyo, ambayo ilikuwa ni [[eneo]] alilolipenda sana sambamba na kazi yake ya raga. Alieleza kuwa alitaka kuendelea kufurahia mapenzi yake kwa mvinyo, jambo lililoonyesha mabadiliko yake kutoka kwenye michezo kwenda kwenye [[kilimo]] cha mizabibu na utengenezaji wa mvinyo. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240224193110/https://www.bordeauxwinetrip.fr/en/remi-lamerats-rugby-wine-interview/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224021106/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857 |archivedate=2025-02-24 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4d6m174n8pq4w07knozn9lmuegk1cz4 1611482 1611412 2026-10-27T03:58:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rémi Lamerat.png|thumb|Rémi Lamerat]] '''Rémi Lamerat''' (hutamkwa [ʁe.mi la.mə.ʁa], alizaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya chama kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa mchezaji wa safu ya nyuma . Alianza taaluma yake ya uchezaji katika [[klabu]] ya Stade Toulousain, kabla ya kuhamia Castres Olympique mwaka [[2012]]. Baadaye alihamia ASM Clermont Auvergne mwaka [[2016]], na kisha akaenda Union Bordeaux Bègles mwaka [[2019]]. Baada ya kustaafu raga ya kulipwa mwaka 2023, Lamerat alihamia katika sekta ya mvinyo, ambayo ilikuwa ni [[eneo]] alilolipenda sana sambamba na kazi yake ya raga. Alieleza kuwa alitaka kuendelea kufurahia mapenzi yake kwa mvinyo, jambo lililoonyesha mabadiliko yake kutoka kwenye michezo kwenda kwenye [[kilimo]] cha mizabibu na utengenezaji wa mvinyo. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240224193110/https://www.bordeauxwinetrip.fr/en/remi-lamerats-rugby-wine-interview/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224021106/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RL714857 |archivedate=2025-02-24 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p6kxwn3kpf0jsdx5mdz6hlpmmo6okzv 0 243676 1611466 1611240 2026-10-27T03:12:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611466 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Noa Nakaitaci 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Noa Nakaitaci]] '''Noa Seru Nakaitaci''' (alizaliwa [[11 Julai]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[raga]] ya muungano mwenye asili ya [[Fiji]], ambaye hucheza nafasi ya (mshambuliaji wa pembeni) kwa [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa. Kwa sasa anachezea [[klabu]] ya Toulon katika mashindano ya Top 14 nchini Ufaransa. Alianza taaluma yake ya raga nchini Fiji, akicheza kwa timu ya taifa ya Fiji ya vijana chini ya [[miaka]] 20, kabla ya kuhamia klabu ya Clermont mwaka [[2011]]. Mwaka [[2013]], alichaguliwa kuchezea Ufaransa katika mchezo dhidi ya All Blacks (timu ya taifa ya [[New Zealand]]). Noa alikulia katika mji wa Lautoka, na mwaka [[2009]] alichaguliwa na [[kocha]] wa raga wa Lautoka kujiunga na timu kuu ya Lautoka, akitokea timu ya Lautoka chini ya miaka 23. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151007112515/https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/france/player/36825</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=NN126675 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226005512/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=NN126675 |archivedate=2025-02-26 |accessdate=2026-08-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Fiji]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gwwc2likj83txiv4gcm4i5sjl4v6rra 0 243718 1611413 1584678 2026-10-26T16:08:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Castres Olympique - Présentation de l'équipe 2015-2016 - Rémi Grosso 2.jpg|thumb|Rémi Grosso]] '''Rémy Grosso''' (alizaliwa [[4 Desemba]] [[1988]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya winger (mshambuliaji wa pembeni) kwa [[klabu]] ya ASM Clermont Auvergne katika mashindano ya Top 14. Aliitwa kujiunga na kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la mwaka [[2015]] kwa kuchelewa, akichukua nafasi ya Yoann Huget, ambaye alikuwa ameumia. Baadaye alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa katika mashindano hayo, na akafunga try dhidi ya [[Canada]]. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/34395554</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RG226175 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223162821/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RG226175 |archivedate=2025-02-23 |accessdate=2026-08-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7tgtl7a7afsn5ketp6k4jf2sbvndvez 1611483 1611413 2026-10-27T03:58:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Castres Olympique - Présentation de l'équipe 2015-2016 - Rémi Grosso 2.jpg|thumb|Rémi Grosso]] '''Rémy Grosso''' (alizaliwa [[4 Desemba]] [[1988]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya winger (mshambuliaji wa pembeni) kwa [[klabu]] ya ASM Clermont Auvergne katika mashindano ya Top 14. Aliitwa kujiunga na kikosi cha [[timu ya taifa]] ya Ufaransa kwa ajili ya [[Kombe la Dunia]] la Raga la mwaka [[2015]] kwa kuchelewa, akichukua nafasi ya Yoann Huget, ambaye alikuwa ameumia. Baadaye alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa katika mashindano hayo, na akafunga try dhidi ya [[Canada]]. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/34395554</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RG226175 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250223162821/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=RG226175 |archivedate=2025-02-23 |accessdate=2026-08-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cqpq4tncxnredl226awv2ze2568ovgn 0 244310 1611407 1586150 2026-10-26T15:19:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dnepr-StEttine (9).jpg|thumb|Romain Hamouma]] '''Romain Hamouma''' (alizaliwa [[29 Machi]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya winga. == Maisha ya Klabu == Tarehe 20 Juni [[2022]], baada ya kuitumikia Saint-Étienne kwa kipindi cha miaka kumi, Hamouma alijiunga na [[klabu]] ya Ajaccio, ambayo ilikuwa imepanda daraja na kushiriki Ligue 1. == Maisha Binafsi == Babu yake Hamouma kwa upande wa [[baba]] alitoka katika eneo la Kabylie, nchini [[Algeria]]. Hamouma aliwahi kufuatwa ili aichezee [[timu ya taifa]] ya Algeria, lakini alikataa, akisema kwamba anajihisi kuwa Mfaransa zaidi kuliko Mualgeria. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200626011847/https://www.ligue1.com/player?id=romain-hamouma</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ac-ajaccio.corsica/article-romain-hamouma--asse--s-engage-a-l-aca-12345-co.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209010533/https://ac-ajaccio.corsica/article-romain-hamouma--asse--s-engage-a-l-aca-12345-co.html |archivedate=2025-12-09 |accessdate=2026-08-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6xnk2mfh1o2crw4dq0x5pgbnj690j9g 1611478 1611407 2026-10-27T03:53:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dnepr-StEttine (9).jpg|thumb|Romain Hamouma]] '''Romain Hamouma''' (alizaliwa [[29 Machi]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa soka la kulipwa kutoka [[Ufaransa]] ambaye alicheza katika nafasi ya winga. == Maisha ya Klabu == Tarehe 20 Juni [[2022]], baada ya kuitumikia Saint-Étienne kwa kipindi cha miaka kumi, Hamouma alijiunga na [[klabu]] ya Ajaccio, ambayo ilikuwa imepanda daraja na kushiriki Ligue 1. == Maisha Binafsi == Babu yake Hamouma kwa upande wa [[baba]] alitoka katika eneo la Kabylie, nchini [[Algeria]]. Hamouma aliwahi kufuatwa ili aichezee [[timu ya taifa]] ya Algeria, lakini alikataa, akisema kwamba anajihisi kuwa Mfaransa zaidi kuliko Mualgeria. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200626011847/https://www.ligue1.com/player?id=romain-hamouma</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ac-ajaccio.corsica/article-romain-hamouma--asse--s-engage-a-l-aca-12345-co.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251209010533/https://ac-ajaccio.corsica/article-romain-hamouma--asse--s-engage-a-l-aca-12345-co.html |archivedate=2025-12-09 |accessdate=2026-08-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} iynaql6xq2rycjudw1xcrc99idfr97v 0 248211 1611532 1593754 2026-10-27T09:07:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611532 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wiki ya Ubunifu Tanzania''' (IWTz), kwa Kingereza '''Innovation Week Tanzania''', ni jukwaa la matukio, [[Maonyesho|maonesho]] na mijadala linalolenga kukuza [[ubunifu]], [[ujasiriamali]], [[utafiti]], [[teknolojia]] na ushirikiano miongoni mwa wadau wa mfumo wa ubunifu nchini [[Tanzania]]. Jukwaa hili huwakutanisha wabunifu, wajasiriamali, watafiti, watunga sera, mashirika ya maendeleo, sekta binafsi, taasisi za elimu na wadau wengine wanaohusika na ubunifu.<ref name="about-iwtz">{{Rejea tovuti |title=About IWTz |url=https://innovationweektanzania.org/new/about-iwtz/ |website=Innovation Week Tanzania |access-date=31 August 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260901025859/https://innovationweektanzania.org/new/about-iwtz/ |archivedate=2026-09-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Innovation Week Tanzania ilianza mwaka [[2015]] chini ya uratibu wa [[Human Development Innovation Fund]] (HDIF), kwa kushirikiana na [[Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology]] (COSTECH) na wadau wengine wa mfumo wa ubunifu. Tangu kuanzishwa kwake, jukwaa hilo limeendelea kupanuka kwa kuongeza idadi ya washiriki, maeneo ya shughuli na taasisi zinazoshiriki.<ref name="iwtz2021">{{Cite report |title=Innovation Week Tanzania 2021 |url=https://www.innovationweektanzania.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/IWTz-2021-Report.pdf |publisher=Innovation Week Tanzania |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> == Historia == Innovation Week ya kwanza nchini Tanzania ilifanyika mwaka 2015. HDIF iliratibu tukio hilo kwa kushirikiana na taasisi mbalimbali zilizokuwa zikifanya kazi katika maeneo ya utafiti, ubunifu wa kijamii, ujasiriamali, teknolojia na sanaa. Miongoni mwa washirika wa awali walikuwa COSTECH, KINU Innovation and Co-Creation Space, Ifakara Health Institute, Buni Innovation Hub na Nafasi Art Space.<ref name="iwtz2019">{{Cite report |title=IW2019 Report |url=https://www.innovationweektanzania.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/IW2019-Report.pdf |publisher=Innovation Week Tanzania |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Katika miaka iliyofuata, Innovation Week ilipanuka kutoka tukio lililokuwa na washiriki takribani 500 mwaka 2015 hadi kuwa jukwaa lenye mtazamo wa kitaifa. Ripoti ya Innovation Week Tanzania 2021 inaeleza kuwa zaidi ya watu 7,500 walishiriki katika shughuli za mwaka huo.<ref name="iwtz2021"/> Mwaka 2019, Innovation Week ilipanua shughuli zake hadi mikoa mingine nje ya Dar es Salaam. Ripoti ya mwaka huo inaeleza kuwa kulikuwa na ongezeko la matukio, maonesho na washirika, pamoja na upanuzi wa kijiografia wa shughuli za wiki hiyo.<ref name="iwtz2019"/> Miongoni mwa shughuli zilizofanyika mwaka huo kulikuwa na mikutano iliyowakutanisha wadau wa habari, mawasiliano na teknolojia kujadili nafasi ya vyombo vya habari katika kukuza ubunifu nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Nukta Africa kuwakutanisha wadau wa habari, teknolojia ‘Wiki ya Ubunifu’ Dar |url=https://nukta.co.tz/nukta-africa-kuwakutanisha-wadau-wa-habari-teknolojia-wiki-ya-ubunifu-dar |website=Nukta Habari |date=13 March 2019 |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Mwaka 2020, Innovation Week ilikuwa katika toleo lake la sita. Shughuli zilifanyika Dar es Salaam na katika mikoa mingine, huku baadhi ya shughuli zikihamishiwa mtandaoni kutokana na [[janga la COVID-19]]. Kaulimbiu ya mwaka huo ilikuwa ''Innovate for Impact''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Knowledge Management and Innovation |url=https://www.esrf.or.tz/knowledge-management/ |website=Economic and Social Research Foundation |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Mwaka 2021, Innovation Week ilifanyika chini ya kaulimbiu ''Innovation for a Resilient and Inclusive Digital Economy''. Mada kuu zilihusu ujenzi wa mfumo imara wa kitaifa wa ubunifu, teknolojia zinazoibukia, ubunifu wa ngazi ya jamii, utafiti na maendeleo, ushiriki wa wanawake na wasichana katika ubunifu, pamoja na ubunifu wa kijani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Innovation Week 2021 - Dar es Salaam Edition |url=https://www.il.tzembassy.go.tz/resources/view/innovation-week-2021-dar-es-salaam-edition |website=Embassy of Tanzania in Tel Aviv |date=25 May 2021 |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Kuanzia kipindi hicho, [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) kupitia FUNGUO Innovation Programme ilianza kushiriki zaidi katika uratibu na uendelezaji wa jukwaa hilo. Ripoti ya UNDP inaeleza kuwa FUNGUO ilikuwa miongoni mwa waandaaji wa Innovation Week Tanzania 2021 na kwamba Serikali ya Tanzania ilielekeza juhudi za kulipanua jukwaa hilo hadi ngazi za wilaya.<ref>{{Cite report |title=FUNGUO Annual Progress Report 2021 |url=https://undpngddlsprod01.blob.core.windows.net/pdc/00134027-PPMFUNGUO%20Annual%20Pogress%20Report%202021.pdf |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> == Innovation Week Tanzania 2022 == Mwaka 2022, Innovation Week Tanzania iliandaliwa kwa pamoja na UNDP Tanzania kupitia FUNGUO Innovation Programme na COSTECH chini ya uratibu wa Wizara ya Elimu, Sayansi na Teknolojia. Shughuli kuu zilifanyika Dodoma kuanzia tarehe 15 hadi 20 Mei 2022 na ziliambatana na fainali za Mashindano ya Kitaifa ya Sayansi, Teknolojia na Ubunifu, yanayojulikana kama MAKISATU.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Innovation Week Tanzania 2022 – Information Sheet |url=https://www.innovationweektanzania.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IWTz2022-Final-Information-Sheet.pdf |publisher=Innovation Week Tanzania |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Mbali na maonesho ya wabunifu na washiriki wa MAKISATU, programu ya mwaka 2022 ilihusisha shughuli zilizolenga kuwakutanisha wabunifu, watunga sera, watafiti na umma kwa ujumla. Ifakara Health Institute, kwa mfano, iliandaa shughuli za Innovation Week Tanzania katika Ifakara Innovation Hub.<ref>{{Cite report |title=Annual Scientific Report 2022 |url=https://www.ihi.or.tz/media/SpecialEventMaterial/Ifakara_Annual_Scientific_Report_2022_Online_With_publications.pdf |publisher=Ifakara Health Institute |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> == Innovation Week Tanzania 2025 == Innovation Week Tanzania 2025 ilifanyika tarehe 12–16 Mei 2025 katika [[Julius Nyerere International Convention Centre]] jijini [[Dar es Salaam]], pamoja na shughuli za satelaiti katika maeneo mbalimbali nchini. Toleo hilo liliandaliwa kwa ushirikiano kati ya UNDP Tanzania kupitia FUNGUO Innovation Programme, [[Vodacom Tanzania]] na COSTECH.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=UNDP, Vodacom, and COSTECH Partner to Jointly Host Innovation Week Tanzania and the Future Ready Summit |url=https://www.undp.org/tanzania/news/undp-vodacom-and-costech-partner-jointly-host-innovation-week-tanzania-and-future-ready-summit |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Kaulimbiu ya Innovation Week Tanzania 2025 ilikuwa ''Innovation for a Resilient and Inclusive Future''. Mada zilizosisitizwa zilijumuisha ujenzi wa miji yenye teknolojia na endelevu, uwezeshaji wa vijana katika uchumi wa kidijitali, pamoja na uendelezaji wa utafiti na ubunifu kutoka hatua ya utafiti hadi matumizi ya kibiashara.<ref name="undp2025">{{Rejea tovuti |title=UNDP, Vodacom, and COSTECH Partner to Jointly Host Innovation Week Tanzania and the Future Ready Summit |url=https://www.undp.org/tanzania/news/undp-vodacom-and-costech-partner-to-jointly-host-innovation-week-tanzania-and-future-ready-summit |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=5 February 2025 |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> Programu ya mwaka 2025 ilihusisha hotuba, mijadala ya paneli, warsha na maonesho. Pia ililenga kuimarisha ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma, sekta binafsi, watafiti, wabunifu na washirika wa maendeleo.<ref name="undp2025"/> Miongoni mwa matukio yaliyohusishwa na Innovation Week Tanzania 2025 ilikuwa uzinduzi wa Green Catalyst Initiative, mpango unaolenga kusaidia biashara ndogo na za kati katika minyororo ya thamani ya misitu nchini Tanzania. Uzinduzi huo ulifanywa na [[Alexander Stubb]], Rais wa [[Finland]], wakati wa ziara yake nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=President of Finland Launches Green Catalyst Initiative at Innovation Week Tanzania 2025 |url=https://www.undp.org/tanzania/news/president-finland-launches-green-catalyst-initiative-innovation-week-tanzania-2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |date=19 May 2025 |access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref> == Malengo na shughuli == Innovation Week Tanzania inalenga kutoa nafasi kwa wadau wa mfumo wa ubunifu kuonyesha kazi zao, kubadilishana maarifa, kujenga ushirikiano na kujadili changamoto zinazokabili ubunifu nchini. Jukwaa hilo pia hutumika kuunganisha wabunifu na wafadhili, wawekezaji, watafiti, watunga sera na taasisi nyingine zinazoweza kusaidia kukuza au kutumia bunifu zao.<ref name="iwtz2021"/> Shughuli zinazofanyika wakati wa Innovation Week Tanzania zimejumuisha maonesho ya bunifu, mijadala ya sera, warsha, majadiliano ya wataalamu, shughuli za ujasiriamali na mikutano kati ya wadau mbalimbali. Mwaka 2025, kwa mfano, programu rasmi ilijumuisha hotuba kuu, mijadala ya paneli, warsha na maonesho.<ref name="undp2025"/> == Waandaaji na washirika == Katika miaka ya mwanzo, Innovation Week Tanzania iliratibiwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na Human Development Innovation Fund kwa kushirikiana na COSTECH na wadau wengine. Baada ya HDIF kumaliza shughuli zake mwaka 2021, jukumu la kuendeleza jukwaa hilo liliendelea kupitia ushirikiano wa wadau wa mfumo wa ubunifu, wakiwemo UNDP kupitia FUNGUO na COSTECH.<ref name="iwtz2021"/> Katika matoleo ya baadaye, taasisi za serikali, mashirika ya kimataifa, kampuni binafsi, taasisi za utafiti na mashirika mengine zimekuwa zikishiriki kama waandaaji, washirika au wadhamini. Mwaka 2025, UNDP Tanzania, Vodacom Tanzania na COSTECH walitangaza ushirikiano wa pamoja katika kuandaa Innovation Week Tanzania.<ref name="undp2025"/> == Umuhimu == Innovation Week Tanzania imekuwa mojawapo ya majukwaa yanayowakutanisha wadau wa ubunifu nchini Tanzania. Ukuaji wa jukwaa hilo kutoka tukio lililoanza mwaka 2015 hadi kuwa na mtazamo mpana wa kitaifa umeambatana na ongezeko la washiriki, washirika na maeneo ya shughuli.<ref name="iwtz2021"/> Jukwaa hilo pia limekuwa likitumika kujadili namna utafiti, teknolojia na ubunifu vinavyoweza kuchangia maendeleo ya kiuchumi na kijamii nchini Tanzania. Katika matukio ya miaka ya karibuni, masuala kama uchumi wa kidijitali, ajira kwa vijana, biashara bunifu, teknolojia zinazoibukia, utafiti na biashara, pamoja na maendeleo endelevu yamekuwa sehemu ya mijadala.<ref name="undp2025"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} euyqxqm5xa49u053y8fo4dijgsvs8eu 0 249249 1611386 1596038 2026-10-26T14:13:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Mølby''' (alizaliwa [[4 Julai]] [[1963]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka nchini [[Udeni]]. Alichezea Ajax, [[Liverpool F.C.]], na timu ya taifa ya Udeni. Alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kufunga penalti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jan Mølby |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/history/past-players/jan-molby |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.liverpoolfc.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Norwich City 25 Aug 1984 |url=https://lfchistory.net/games/2445 |website=LFCHistory.net |access-date=3 March 2026}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jan Mølby alizaliwa tarehe 4 Julai 1963 huko [[Kolding]], Udeni. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Kolding IF. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Ajax (1982–1984) === Mølby alihamia Ajax [[Uholanzi]] mwaka [[1982]]. Alicheza misimu miwili kabla ya kuhamia Liverpool F.C. === Liverpool (1984–1996) === Mwaka [[1984]], Mølby alihamia Liverpool F.C. [[Uingereza]]. Akiwa Liverpool, alikua mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kati wa klabu hiyo. Alishinda [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)]] mara tatu (1986, 1988, 1990) na Kombe la FA mwaka [[1986]] na [[1989]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lfchistory.net/Players/Player/Profile/378|title=Liverpool career stats for Jan Mølby - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC!|website=www.lfchistory.net|access-date=12 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/live/2020/may/09/everton-v-liverpool-1986-fa-cup-final-live?page=with%3Ablock-5eb6bccf8f0858b1a8107092#liveblog-navigation |title=Everton 1–3 Liverpool: 1986 FA Cup final - as it happened |first=Scott |last=Murray |publisher=The Guardian |date=9 May 2020 |access-date=9 July 2026}}</ref> Mølby alijulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kufunga penalti. Alifunga penalti 42 kati ya 45 alizopiga kwa Liverpool F.C. Baada ya Liverpool, Mølby alichezea klabu kadhaa nchini [[Uingereza]] kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[1998]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.11v11.com/matches/wimbledon-v-liverpool-14-may-1988-215942/ |title=Wimbledon v Liverpool, 14 May 1988 |website=11v11 |publisher=AFS Enterprises |access-date=8 July 2026}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6sp1yvh5t4oattea6sy6oumii3xzt69 0 249348 1611385 1603836 2026-10-26T14:12:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Laudrup''' (alizaliwa [[22 Februari]] [[1969]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Udeni]]. Alichezea Bayern Munich, Fiorentina, [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], na timu ya taifa ya Udeni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brian Laudrup |url=https://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/playerinfo/3871 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.dbu.dk}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=McElroy|first1=Robert|last2=Ferrier|first2=Bob|date=2005|title=Rangers The Complete Record |url=https://archive.org/details/rangerscompleter0000ferr|publisher= Breedon Books |page=[https://archive.org/details/rangerscompleter0000ferr/page/320 320] |isbn=1-85983-481-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laudrup-hogh.dk/fulton/kraefterne_bag.html|title=Fodbold Fulton – Kræfterne bag.|language=da|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322083801/http://www.laudrup-hogh.dk/fulton/kraefterne_bag.html|archive-date=22 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.serieaweekly.com/2011/04/danes-in-calcio-a-somewhat-concise-history-vol-ii.html | title = Danes In Calcio: A (Somewhat) Concise History Vol II | publisher = serieaweekly.com | date = 20 April 2011 | access-date = 30 March 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140330052206/http://www.serieaweekly.com/2011/04/danes-in-calcio-a-somewhat-concise-history-vol-ii.html | archive-date = 30 March 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Brian Laudrup alizaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1969 huko [[Vienna]], [[Austria]], katika familia ya Udeni. Ndugu yake, Michael Laudrup, pia alikuwa mchezaji maarufu. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Bayern Munich na Fiorentina (1986–1992) === Laudrup alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Brøndby mwaka [[1986]]. Baadaye alichezea Bayern Munich [[Ujerumani]] na Fiorentina [[Italia]].<ref>{{cite news | title = Brian Laudrup dyreste dansker nogen sinde | newspaper = [[Berlingske Tidende]] | date = 30 May 1990 | language = da | first = Claus | last = Dithmer | at = Section 3, p. 7}}</ref> === Rangers (1994–1998) === Mwaka [[1994]], Laudrup alihamia Rangers F.C. [[Uskoti]]. Akiwa Rangers, alikua mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa klabu hiyo.<ref name="gershof">{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame - Brian Laudrup|url=https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/brian-laudrup/|website=Rangers FC|access-date=5 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112204209/https://rangers.co.uk/club/history/hall-of-fame/brian-laudrup/|archivedate=2019-11-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Traynor|first=James|title=Football: Laudrup the laudable|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-laudrup-the-laudable-1383336.html|access-date=5 March 2018|work=The Independent|date=13 August 2014}}</ref> === Chelsea na Ustaafu (1998–2000) === Laudrup alichezea Chelsea F.C. kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2000]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bt.dk/fodbold/brian-laudrup-afsloerer-derfor-sagde-jeg-nej-til-ferguson |title=Brian Laudrup reveals: That's why I said no to Ferguson |work=The Mirror |date=24 May 2017 |access-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Laudrup alichezea timu ya taifa ya Udeni mechi 82 kati ya [[1987]] na [[1998]], akifunga mabao 21. Alishinda Ubingwa wa Ulaya wa UEFA mwaka [[1992]] na Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA mwaka [[1995]]. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[1998]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 653lozg11ql89lodjfp36cj2n48s6x7 0 249562 1611387 1596680 2026-10-26T14:13:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Rosenkrands Løvenkrands''' (alizaliwa [[29 Januari]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Udeni]]. Alichezea [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]], [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]], Schalke 04, na timu ya taifa ya Udeni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Peter Løvenkrands |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=24838 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/PlayerInfo/4244 |title=Landshold: Peter Løvenkrands |publisher=Dansk Boldspil-Union |access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Peter Løvenkrands alizaliwa tarehe 29 Januari 1980 huko [[Hørsholm]], Udeni. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya AB. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Rangers (2000–2006) === Løvenkrands alihamia Rangers F.C. [[Uskoti]] mwaka [[2000]]. Akiwa Rangers, alishinda Scottish Premier League mara mbili ([[2003]], [[2005]]).<ref>{{ cite news | url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12196831.newcastle-call-on-fifa-as-rangers-sign-dane-geordies-claim-lovenkrands-broke-promise-by-agreeing-14m-deal-at-ibrox/| title=Newcastle call on FIFA as Rangers sign Dane: Geordies claim Lovenkrands broke promise by agreeing £1.4m deal at Ibrox | work=The Herald | date=9 June 2000}}</ref> === Schalke 04 (2006–2008) === Mwaka [[2006]], Løvenkrands alihamia Schalke 04 [[Ujerumani]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/r/rangers/5010216.stm | title = Lovenkrands agrees German switch | publisher = [[BBC Sport]] | date = 23 May 2006 | access-date = 20 April 2010}}</ref> === Newcastle United (2008–2012) === Mwaka [[2008]], Løvenkrands alihamia Newcastle United F.C. [[Uingereza]]. Akiwa Newcastle, alisaidia klabu kupanda daraja hadi Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL) mwaka [[2010]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7846730.stm | title =Newcastle clinch Lovenkrands deal | publisher = [[BBC Sport]] | date = 23 January 2009 | access-date = 20 April 2010}}</ref> === Ustaafu (2012–2015) === Løvenkrands alichezea klabu kadhaa kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2015]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Løvenkrands alichezea timu ya taifa ya Udeni mechi 22 kati ya [[2002]] na [[2010]], akifunga bao 1. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[2002]] na Ubingwa wa Ulaya wa UEFA wa [[2004]].<ref name="dbunatteam">{{cite web | url = http://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/PlayerInfo/4244&allmatch=1#match | title = Peter Løvenkrands&nbsp;– Alle hold (Alle kampe) | access-date = 20 April 2010 | publisher = [[Danish Football Association]] }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] f8eajgx75z1bnn6l60mwo9xae5xp65j 0 249734 1611395 1596936 2026-10-26T14:18:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Núñez Tena''' (alizaliwa [[Madrid]], [[15 Januari]] [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea Real Madrid Castilla, [[Liverpool F.C.]], [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]], na timu ya taifa ya Hispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antonio Núñez |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/history/past-players/antonio-nunez |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.liverpoolfc.com}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Antonio Núñez alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Real Madrid. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Real Madrid Castilla (1998–2003) === Núñez alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Real Madrid Castilla mwaka [[1998]].<ref name=Deal>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/3573210.stm|title=Liverpool seal Nunez deal|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=17 August 2004|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/champions/antonio-nunez-el-madrid-es-hollywood-y-el-liverpool-algo-cotidiano-n/|title=Antonio Núñez: “El Madrid es Hollywood y el Liverpool algo cotidiano”|trans-title=Antonio Núñez: "Madrid is Hollywood and Liverpool a daily occurrence"|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=Jonathan|last=Fernández|language=es|date=20 February 2023|access-date=3 February 2026}}</ref> === Liverpool (2003–2005) === Mwaka [[2003]], Núñez alihamia Liverpool F.C. [[Uingereza]]. Alicheza misimu miwili kabla ya kuhamia RCD Espanyol.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0254-0d7b36fb3b5c-4d6746d214a4-1000--owen-completes-madrid-move/|title=Owen completes Madrid move|publisher=UEFA|date=13 August 2004|access-date=1 January 2019}}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Núñez alichezea timu ya taifa ya Hispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3lc401m68hxoi2wmbnbpsgcr8grbi8c 0 249736 1611397 1599794 2026-10-26T14:20:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Miguel González Rey''' (alizaliwa [[Torremolinos]], Hispania, [[15 Novemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea Málaga, [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]], [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]], na timu ya taifa ya Uhispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Josemi |url=https://www.liverpoolfc.com/history/past-players/josemi |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.liverpoolfc.com}}</ref><ref name="FCWC 2005">{{cite web |title=FIFA Club World Championship Japan 2005 – Official Rosters |url=http://www.fifa.com/documents/tournaments/cwc/CWC_2005_sl-latest.xls |publisher=FIFA |date=4 December 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219093824/http://www.fifa.com/documents/tournaments/cwc/CWC_2005_sl-latest.xls |archive-date=19 December 2005 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Josemi (José Miguel González Rey) alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Málaga. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Málaga (2001–2004) === Josemi alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Málaga mwaka [[2001]].<ref>[http://elpais.com/diario/2001/06/18/deportes/992815251_850215.html El Deportivo exhibe su enorme pegada y derrota a un Málaga tenaz (Deportivo display enormous pace and defeat tenacious Málaga)]; [[El País]], 18 June 2001 (in Spanish)</ref> === Liverpool (2004–2006) === Mwaka [[2004]], Josemi alihamia Liverpool F.C. Akiwa Liverpool, alishinda UEFA Champions League mwaka [[2005]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/former-liverpool-defender-josemi-retires-174102067.html|title=Former Liverpool defender Josemi retires|publisher=[[Yahoo! Sports]]|date=22 September 2016|access-date=22 September 2016|archive-date=2018-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123065643/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/former-liverpool-defender-josemi-retires-174102067.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Villarreal na Mallorca (2006–2011) === Josemi alichezea Villarreal CF na RCD Mallorca kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2011]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Josemi alichezea timu ya taifa ya Uhispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7htd0ubsfy6q7wq5qh89ma44f13ker8 0 249772 1611495 1597049 2026-10-27T04:42:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint_Joseph_church_in_Brescia_(11).jpg|thumb|[[Altare]] yake huko Brescia.]] '''Ursichino wa Brescia''' (pia: '''Ursacius, Ursicinus'''<ref>https://www.enciclopediabresciana.it/enciclopedia/index.php? URSICINO, s., vescovo by Antonio Fappani</ref>; alifariki [[347]] [[BK]]) anakumbukwa kama [[askofu]] wa 5 wa [[Brescia]] ([[Italia Kaskazini]]) hadi [[kifo]] chake. Alishiriki [[Mtaguso wa Sardica]] na kupinga [[Uario]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/99638</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[1 Desemba]]<ref>''[http://www.orthodoxengland.org.uk/stddec.htm December 1].'' Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] == Tanbihi == <references/> ==Marejeo== * Charles Pietri e Luce Pietri (a cura di), Prosopographie de l'Italie chrétienne (313-604), I, Roma, École française de Rome, 1999, pp. 2352-2353. * Alemano Barchi, Annotazioni alla Cronologia Bresciana, Brescia, 1832. * Martirologio romano pubblicato per ordine del Sommo Pontefice Gregorio XIII, riveduto per autorità di Urbano VIII e Clemente X, aumentato e corretto nel 1749 da Benedetto XIV (PDF), 4ª ed., Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1955. ==Viungo vya nje== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070506194555/http://www.catholicforum.com/saints/saintu10.htm Entry at Patron Saints Index] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliofariki 347]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] akkgww44otmwq7baifn8yef2tuvjp08 0 249779 1611388 1600901 2026-10-26T14:14:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronnie Michael Ekelund''' (alizaliwa [[21 Agosti]] [[1972]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Udeni]]. Alichezea Brøndby, [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], Southampton F.C., [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], Coventry City, na timu ya taifa ya Udeni chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref name="lfp">[http://www.lfp.es/?tabid=113&Controltype=plan&IDEquipo=5&IDTemporada=093&IDDivision=1 F.C. Barcelona - Liga BBVA Squad - season 1993-1994] at LFP.es</ref><ref name="cougars">[http://www.californiacougars.net/news/?cat=16&id=858 ALL-TIME FRANCHISE LEADERS] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129105202/http://www.californiacougars.net/news/?cat=16 |date=29 January 2010 }} at [[California Cougars]]</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Ronnie Ekelund alizaliwa tarehe 21 Agosti 1972 huko [[Copenhagen]], Udeni. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Brøndby. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Brøndby na Barcelona (1989–1995) === Ekelund alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Brøndby mwaka [[1989]]. Mwaka [[1993]], alihamia FC Barcelona, lakini hakuweza kufanikiwa. === Southampton na Manchester City (1995–2000) === Ekelund alichezea Southampton F.C. na Manchester City F.C. [[Uingereza]].<ref>Ball, Alan. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5mtODJcPGxwC&pg=PA278 Playing Extra Time]'' (Pan, 2005). p. 278. {{isbn|0330427423}}.</ref> === Coventry City na Ustaafu (2000–2005) === Ekelund alichezea Coventry City kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2005]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Ekelund alichezea timu ya taifa ya Udeni chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref name="allekampe">[http://www.dbu.dk/landshold/landsholdsdatabasen/PlayerInfo/4170&allmatch=1#match Ronnie Ekelund - Alle hold (Alle kampe)] at [[Danish Football Association]]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] brtjkhzlqlw68e6pliw8djsypw81gcf 0 249859 1611392 1601595 2026-10-26T14:16:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Juan Barragán Fernández''' (alizaliwa [[12 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea [[Liverpool F.C.]], Deportivo La Coruña, Real Valladolid, [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Middlesbrough F.C.]], na timu ya taifa ya Hispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antonio Barragán |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=44783 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2007/pdf/FWYC_2007_SquadLists.pdf|title=FIFA U-20 World Cup Canada 2007 – List of Players|publisher=FIFA|page=21|date=5 July 2007|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000046/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2007/pdf/FWYC_2007_SquadLists.pdf|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Antonio Barragán alizaliwa tarehe 12 Juni 1987 huko [[Pontedeume]], Hispania. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Liverpool F.C. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Liverpool (2005–2006) === Barragán alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Liverpool F.C. mwaka [[2005]]. Alicheza mechi chache kwa timu ya kwanza.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/4618379.stm Barragan set for Liverpool move]; [[BBC Sport]], 24 June 2005</ref> === Deportivo La Coruña (2006–2008) === Mwaka [[2006]], Barragán alihamia Deportivo La Coruña [[Uhispania]].<ref>[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/203810/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5739 Deportivo La Coruña 2–0 Real Sociedad]; [[ESPN FC|ESPN Soccernet]], 1 October 2006</ref> === Valencia (2008–2016) === Mwaka [[2008]], Barragán alihamia Valencia CF. Akiwa Valencia, alikua mlinzi wa kulia mwenye uwezo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.superdeporte.es/valencia/2012/01/21/lateral-derecho-partidos-jugado/150738.html|title=Es el lateral derecho que más partidos ha jugado|trans-title=He is the right-back that has played the most matches|publisher=[[Super Deporte]]|first=P.|last=Fuster|language=es|date=21 January 2012|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> === Middlesbrough na Ustaafu (2016–2020) === Barragán alichezea Middlesbrough F.C. [[Uingereza]] kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfc.co.uk/news/article/2016/middlesbrough-fc-antonio-barragan-valencia-3188134.aspx|title=Antonio Barragán joins Boro from Valencia|publisher=Middlesbrough F.C.|date=15 July 2016|access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Barragán alichezea timu ya taifa ya Uhispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4jtbbg4u6beya2b51moze3732a9vtax 1611393 1611392 2026-10-26T14:17:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonio Juan Barragán Fernández''' (alizaliwa [[12 Juni]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea [[Liverpool F.C.]], Deportivo La Coruña, Real Valladolid, [[Valencia CF]], [[Middlesbrough F.C.]], na timu ya taifa ya Hispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2007/pdf/FWYC_2007_SquadLists.pdf|title=FIFA U-20 World Cup Canada 2007 – List of Players|publisher=FIFA|page=21|date=5 July 2007|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000046/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FWYC/2007/pdf/FWYC_2007_SquadLists.pdf|archive-date=31 December 2013}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Antonio Barragán alizaliwa tarehe 12 Juni 1987 huko [[Pontedeume]], Hispania. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Liverpool F.C. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Liverpool (2005–2006) === Barragán alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Liverpool F.C. mwaka [[2005]]. Alicheza mechi chache kwa timu ya kwanza.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/l/liverpool/4618379.stm Barragan set for Liverpool move]; [[BBC Sport]], 24 June 2005</ref> === Deportivo La Coruña (2006–2008) === Mwaka [[2006]], Barragán alihamia Deportivo La Coruña [[Uhispania]].<ref>[http://espnfc.com/uk/en/report/203810/report.html?soccernet=true&cc=5739 Deportivo La Coruña 2–0 Real Sociedad]; [[ESPN FC|ESPN Soccernet]], 1 October 2006</ref> === Valencia (2008–2016) === Mwaka [[2008]], Barragán alihamia Valencia CF. Akiwa Valencia, alikua mlinzi wa kulia mwenye uwezo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.superdeporte.es/valencia/2012/01/21/lateral-derecho-partidos-jugado/150738.html|title=Es el lateral derecho que más partidos ha jugado|trans-title=He is the right-back that has played the most matches|publisher=[[Super Deporte]]|first=P.|last=Fuster|language=es|date=21 January 2012|access-date=7 April 2016}}</ref> === Middlesbrough na Ustaafu (2016–2020) === Barragán alichezea Middlesbrough F.C. [[Uingereza]] kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2020]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfc.co.uk/news/article/2016/middlesbrough-fc-antonio-barragan-valencia-3188134.aspx|title=Antonio Barragán joins Boro from Valencia|publisher=Middlesbrough F.C.|date=15 July 2016|access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Barragán alichezea timu ya taifa ya Hispania chini ya umri wa miaka 21. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bjremzfefrhc4yobbjfzw54gyx0yrya 0 249868 1611389 1597232 2026-10-26T14:14:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611389 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Gaardsøe Christensen''' (alizaliwa [[23 Novemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Udeni]]. Alichezea AaB, West Bromwich Albion, [[Ipswich Town F.C.|Ipswich Town]], na timu ya taifa ya Udeni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Thomas Gaardsøe |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=27441 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Thomas Gaardsøe at Soccerbase |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=27410 |publisher=Soccerbase |accessdate=14 May 2020}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Thomas Gaardsøe alizaliwa tarehe 23 Novemba 1979 huko [[Aalborg]], Udeni. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya AaB. == Kazi ya Klabu == === AaB (1998–2002) === Gaardsøe alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa AaB mwaka [[1998]]. Akiwa AaB, alikua mlinzi wa kati mwenye uwezo. === West Bromwich Albion (2002–2005) === Mwaka [[2002]], Gaardsøe alihamia West Bromwich Albion [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Baggies defender Gaardsoe retires|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/w/west_bromwich_albion/6193931.stm|publisher=BBC Sport|date=2006-12-19|accessdate=2007-11-12}}</ref> === Ipswich Town na Ustaafu (2005–2010) === Gaardsøe alichezea Ipswich Town F.C. kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2010]].<ref>{{cite news |title = Gaardsoe hails fans |url = http://www.wba.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/0,,10366~523574,00.html |publisher = West Bromwich Albion F.C. |date = 2004-05-11 |accessdate = 2007-11-12 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090113042217/http://www.wba.premiumtv.co.uk/page/News/0%2C%2C10366~523574%2C00.html |archivedate = 2009-01-13 }}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Gaardsøe alichezea timu ya taifa ya Udeni mechi 3 kati ya [[2003]] na [[2004]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6gzny15va9xt1ozdgnv6atpnxjsy7zo 0 250292 1611398 1598052 2026-10-26T14:21:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roberto Soldado Rillo''' (alizaliwa [[Valencia]], Hispania, [[27 Mei]] [[1985]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea Real Madrid Castilla, Osasuna, Getafe, [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]], [[Fenerbahçe S.K.|Fenerbahçe]], [[Granada CF|Granada]], na timu ya taifa ya Uhispania.<ref>{{cite web |title=Roberto Soldado |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=46291 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.levante-emv.com/deportes/2006/07/01/soldado-dona-60-000-euros-13701693.html|title=Soldado dona 60.000 euros al Don Bosco para poner un nuevo césped sintético|trans-title=Soldado donates 60.000 euros to Don Bosco for new artificial turf|newspaper=[[Levante-EMV]]|language=es|date=1 July 2006|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Roberto Soldado alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Real Madrid.<ref name=Bio>{{cite news|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/envivos/fichas/1/225/4321.html|title=Roberto SOLDADO Rillo|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref> == Kazi ya Klabu == === Real Madrid Castilla na Osasuna (2005–2008) === Soldado alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Real Madrid Castilla mwaka [[2005]]. Baadaye alichezea Osasuna.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/apr/27/villarreal-roberto-soldado-spurs-liverpool-europa-league-semi-final|title=Roberto Soldado: 'What let me down at Tottenham was my head wasn't right'|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|first=Sid|last=Lowe|date=27 April 2016|access-date=11 April 2019}}</ref> === Getafe (2008–2010) === Soldado alichezea Getafe, ambako alikua mshambuliaji mwenye uwezo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/01cf-0f84e103e15d-07b4863d3d03-1000--soldado-set-to-seal-getafe-switch/|title=Soldado set to seal Getafe switch|publisher=UEFA|date=30 July 2008|access-date=16 November 2022}}</ref> === Valencia (2010–2013) === Mwaka [[2010]], Soldado alihamia Valencia CF. Akiwa Valencia, alifunga mabao mengi.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://as.com/futbol/2010/06/09/mas_futbol/1276034405_850215.html|title=El Valencia cierra el fichaje de Soldado|trans-title=Valencia complete signing of Soldado|newspaper=[[Diario AS]]|first=M. A.|last=Vara|language=es|date=9 June 2010|access-date=16 December 2017}}</ref> === Tottenham Hotspur (2013–2015) === Mwaka [[2013]], Soldado alihamia Tottenham Hotspur F.C. [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/transfer-news-valencia-announce-26m-fee-with-tottenham-agreed-for-roberto-soldado--but-its-not-yet-a-done-deal-8740475.html|title=Transfer news: Valencia announce £26m fee with Tottenham agreed for Roberto Soldado – but it's not yet a done deal|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|first=Jack|last=De Menezes|date=1 August 2013|access-date=1 August 2013}}</ref> === Villarreal, Fenerbahçe, na Granada (2015–2023) === Soldado alichezea Villarreal CF, Fenerbahçe S.K. [[Uturuki]], na Granada CF kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2023]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Soldado alichezea timu ya taifa ya Uhispania mechi 12 kati ya [[2007]] na [[2013]], akifunga mabao 7. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2dvhndbp5dt4wdxbvan2ykh24fg74r7 0 250381 1611384 1598210 2026-10-26T14:12:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anders Rozenkrantz Lindegaard''' (alizaliwa [[13 Aprili]] [[1984]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Udeni]]. Alikuwa kipa na alichezea AaB, Odense, [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]], West Bromwich Albion, Preston North End, [[Burnley F.C.|Burnley]], [[Helsingborgs IF|Helsingborg]], na timu ya taifa ya Udeni.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anders Lindegaard |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=36281 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/news/612828 |title=Updated squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |publisher=Premier League |date=2 February 2018 |access-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Anders Lindegaard alizaliwa tarehe 13 Aprili 1984 huko [[Dyrup]], Udeni. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo. == Kazi ya Klabu == === AaB na Odense (2003–2010) === Lindegaard alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa AaB mwaka [[2003]]. Baadaye alichezea Odense.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.premierleague.com/players/4154/Anders-Lindegaard/overview |title=Anders Lindegaard: Overview |publisher=Premier League |access-date=10 February 2018}}</ref> === Manchester United (2010–2015) === Mwaka [[2010]], Lindegaard alihamia Manchester United F.C. Akiwa United, alikua kipa wa akiba. Alishinda Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL) mwaka [[2011]] na [[2013]].<ref name="MUCOSA">{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9221649.stm |title=Man Utd close to Anders Lindegaard signing |website=BBC Sport |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=24 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125062551/https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/m/man_utd/9221649.stm |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref> === West Bromwich Albion, Preston North End, Burnley, na Helsingborg (2015–2022) === Lindegaard alichezea klabu kadhaa kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2022]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lindegaard signs for Albion |url=http://www.wba.co.uk/news/article/wba-albion-lindegaard-manchester-united-2659187.aspx |website=wba.co.uk |publisher=West Bromwich Albion FC |date=30 August 2015 |access-date=30 August 2015 }}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Lindegaard alichezea timu ya taifa ya Udeni mechi 5 kati ya [[2010]] na [[2011]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Denmark]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Udeni]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7mmz3m6d8tqg5d2xtkjkdm6g4bjeau1 0 250397 1611396 1598250 2026-10-26T14:19:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando Morientes Sánchez''' (alizaliwa [[Cilleros]], Hispania, [[5 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Hispania]]. Alichezea Albacete, Real Zaragoza, [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]], [[AS Monaco|Monaco]], [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]], [[Valencia CF|Valencia]], Marseille, na timu ya taifa ya Hispania.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fernando Morientes |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=10451 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref name=Profile>{{cite news|url=https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/especiales/2003/06/madridcampeon/jugadores/morientes.html|title=Fernando MORIENTES Sánchez|newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|language=es|access-date=28 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/documents/tournaments/cwc/CWC_2005_sl-latest.xls|title=FIFA Club World Championship Japan 2005 – Official rosters|publisher=FIFA|date=4 December 2005|access-date=28 December 2022|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051219093824/http://www.fifa.com/documents/tournaments/cwc/CWC_2005_sl-latest.xls|archive-date=19 December 2005}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Fernando Morientes alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Real Madrid (1997–2005) === Morientes alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Real Madrid C.F. mwaka [[1997]]. Akiwa Real, alishinda UEFA Champions League mwaka [[1998]], [[2000]], na [[2002]], na La Liga mwaka [[2001]] na [[2003]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.marca.com/futbol/real-madrid/2024/12/13/morientes-he-visto-situaciones-criticas-madrid-diciembre-han-acabado-ligas-champions.html|title=Morientes: "He visto situaciones críticas del Madrid en diciembre que han acabado en Ligas y Champions"|trans-title=Morientes: "I've seen critical situations for Real Madrid in December that ended in leagues and Champions Leagues"|newspaper=[[Marca (newspaper)|Marca]]|first=Manuel|last=Malagón|language=es|date=13 December 2024|access-date=13 August 2026}}</ref> === AS Monaco (2003–2004) === Morientes alichezea AS Monaco [[Ufaransa]] kwa mkopo, ambapo alifika fainali ya UEFA Champions League mwaka [[2004]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/025a-0eaad70e7610-f9dd92401c26-1000--morientes-loaned-to-monaco/|title=Morientes loaned to Monaco|publisher=UEFA|date=31 August 2003|access-date=17 June 2010}}</ref> === Liverpool (2005–2006) === Mwaka [[2005]], Morientes alihamia Liverpool F.C. Akiwa Liverpool, alishinda Kombe la FA mwaka [[2006]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/4150631.stm|title=Liverpool 0–1 Man Utd|publisher=BBC Sport|date=15 January 2005|access-date=6 April 2016}}</ref> === Valencia, Marseille, na Ustaafu (2006–2010) === Morientes alichezea Valencia CF [[Uhispania]] na Marseille [[Ufaransa]] kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2010]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Morientes alichezea timu ya taifa ya Uhispania mechi 47 kati ya [[1998]] na [[2007]], akifunga mabao 27. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[1998]] na [[2002]], na Ubingwa wa Ulaya wa UEFA wa [[2004]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://hemeroteca.mundodeportivo.com/preview/1998/03/26/pagina-2/1383630/pdf.html|title=La selección va que chuta|trans-title=National team are a real craze|newspaper=Mundo Deportivo|first=Jesús|last=Galindo|language=es|date=26 March 1998|access-date=28 January 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 98sufl18qrgvczwz9dmm26skkzmled2 0 251110 1611399 1601543 2026-10-26T14:22:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ángel de la Torre''' ([[30 Novemba]] [[1896]] – [[28 Agosti]] [[1983]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Hispania]]. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya The Open Championship mwaka [[1928]], [[1929]], na [[1930]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kwanza wa Uhispania kushiriki katika mashindano makubwa ya gofu.<ref name="Chicago Tribune">{{cite web |title=Angel de la Torree longtime golf pro |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1983/09/02/page/34/article/angel-de-la-torre-longtime-golf-pro |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=2 September 1983 |access-date=11 September 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162440/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1983/09/02/page/34/article/angel-de-la-torre-longtime-golf-pro/ |archivedate=2017-09-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1896]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa gofu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] tki9gve6tud43ijxnz6vv7cqs3dk1qu 1611400 1611399 2026-10-26T14:22:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ángel de la Torre''' ([[30 Novemba]] [[1896]] – [[28 Agosti]] [[1983]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Hispania]]. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya The Open Championship mwaka [[1928]], [[1929]], na [[1930]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kwanza wa Uhispania kushiriki katika mashindano makubwa ya gofu.<ref name="Chicago Tribune">{{cite web |title=Angel de la Torree longtime golf pro |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1983/09/02/page/34/article/angel-de-la-torre-longtime-golf-pro |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |date=2 September 1983 |access-date=11 September 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162440/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1983/09/02/page/34/article/angel-de-la-torre-longtime-golf-pro/ |archivedate=2017-09-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1896]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Hispania]] go0driewskabl7px5f11e9p0cfai4qq 0 251564 1611410 1601933 2026-10-26T15:55:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Russell Earl Cochran''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba 31]] [[1958]]) ni mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alishinda taji 1 la PGA Tour na mataji 4 ya Champions Tour, ikiwa ni pamoja na senior major 1.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kLUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wBIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4856,1826711&dq=russ+cochran+greg+norman&hl=en |title=Cochran wins Western Open |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417194655/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kLUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wBIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4856,1826711&dq=russ+cochran+greg+norman&hl=en |archivedate=2020-04-17 |accessdate=2026-09-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa gofu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2lg4a644j9hjmzo82ng9js510j2zk96 1611480 1611410 2026-10-27T03:57:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Russell Earl Cochran''' (alizaliwa [[Oktoba 31]] [[1958]]) ni mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alishinda taji 1 la PGA Tour na mataji 4 ya Champions Tour, ikiwa ni pamoja na senior major 1.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kLUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wBIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4856,1826711&dq=russ+cochran+greg+norman&hl=en |title=Cochran wins Western Open |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417194655/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kLUyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wBIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4856,1826711&dq=russ+cochran+greg+norman&hl=en |archivedate=2020-04-17 |accessdate=2026-09-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa gofu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cb421jels0g6957lvki87mkmiyvha7l 0 252683 1611369 1606915 2026-10-26T14:01:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mason Lee "Red" Cashion''' (10 Novemba 1931 – 10 Februari 2019) <ref>Lester, Sean (September 11, 2013). [https://www.thebatt.com/news/born-an-aggie/article_a8045b25-a458-5b87-9b66-3f5384950c07.html "Born an Aggie".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The Battalion. Retrieved February 10, 2019.</ref>alikuwa mwamuzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu wa Marekani aliyefanya kazi kwa misimu 25 katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Mpira wa Miguu (NFL), ambako alikuwa mwamuzi katika Super Bowl mbili. == Wasifu == Cashion alianza kuwa mwamuzi mwaka 1952 alipokuwa akisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Texas A&M. Baadaye alifanya kazi katika shule mbalimbali za sekondari na katika mikutano ya mpira wa miguu ya vyuo, hasa Southwest Conference. Kuanzia 1972 hadi 1996, alisimamia michezo katika NFL. Alikuwa mwamuzi katika Super Bowl XX na Super Bowl XXX. Cashion alianza [[kazi]] yake katika NFL kama mwamuzi wa mstari mwaka 1972 baada ya kifo cha mwamuzi Jack Vest. Hilo lilisababisha nafasi ya mwamuzi wa mstari kuwa wazi baada ya Chuck Heberling kupandishwa cheo kuwa mwamuzi kuchukua nafasi ya Vest. Cashion alipandishwa kuwa mwamuzi mwaka 1976 baada ya kustaafu kwa mwamuzi wa muda mrefu Norm Schachter, pamoja na kuongezwa kwa [[timu]] za Seattle na Tampa Bay katika NFL. Akiwa mwamuzi wa mstari, alifanya kazi katika vikosi vya waamuzi vilivyoongozwa na Fred Swearingen mwaka 1972, Ben Dreith mwaka 1973–1974, na Fred Silva mwaka 1975. Kwa sehemu kubwa ya kazi yake, alivaa sare yenye namba 43. Katika misimu ya 1979–1981, ambapo waamuzi walipewa namba tofauti kulingana na nafasi zao badala ya kila mwamuzi kuwa na namba yake, alivaa namba 8. Cashion alijulikana sana miongoni mwa wachezaji, makocha na mashabiki wa NFL kwa namna yake ya kutangaza downi ya kwanza, ambapo kwa shauku kubwa alitamka kwa kuvuta sauti neno "downi ya kwanza" kuelekea mashabiki. Katika mahojiano ya mwaka 1997, alisema kuwa hakujua ni lini kauli hiyo ilianza au kuacha kutumika, bali ilikuwa ni jambo lililojitokeza lenyewe na kuendelea kuwepo. Kupandishwa kwake kuwa mwamuzi kulifanyika mwaka mmoja tu baada ya NFL kuanza kuwapa waamuzi vipaza [[sauti]] visivyotumia nyaya ili waweze kuelezea maamuzi ya adhabu na maamuzi magumu kwa mashabiki waliokuwa [[uwanjani]], vyombo vya habari na watazamaji wa televisheni. Cashion aliingizwa katika Ukumbi wa Umaarufu wa Michezo wa Texas mwaka 1999. Pia alitoa sauti ya mwamuzi katika matoleo kadhaa ya mchezo wa video wa Madden NFL. Cashion alifariki tarehe 10 Februari 2019 akiwa na umri wa miaka 87.<ref>Wiley, Kenny (February 11, 2019). [https://www.theeagle.com/news/local/former-nfl-referee-and-bryan-college-station-businessman-red-cashion/article_af1a7736-2d7a-11e9-aa77-5fc4632f8c61.html "Former NFL referee and Bryan-College Station businessman Red Cashion dies at 87".] {{Wayback|url=https://www.theeagle.com/news/local/former-nfl-referee-and-bryan-college-station-businessman-red-cashion/article_af1a7736-2d7a-11e9-aa77-5fc4632f8c61.html |date=20261004141804 }} The Eagle. Retrieved February 12, 2019.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] tuzrk9kl1ee4nmpwg8mt1l2ahw35qoy 0 254759 1611453 1608595 2026-10-27T01:33:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thu Zar Htwe''' (Kiburma: သူဇင်ထွေ; alizaliwa 30 Novemba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa wanawake kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo. Amekuwa mwanachama wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya wanawake ya Myanmar.<ref>[http://stats.the-afc.com/player/9263 "THU ZAR HTWE".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} AFC. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Thu Zar Htwe aliiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Myanmar katika ngazi ya wakubwa wakati wa [[Kombe]] la Asia la Wanawake la Shirikisho la [[Soka]] la Asia la mwaka 2010.<ref>[https://ar.the-afc.com/afc/documents/PdfFiles/afc-women-s-asian-cup-2010-technical-report "AFC Women's Asian Cup"]. AFC. p. 27. Retrieved 3 June 2021.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 6f6gj9cflmmdubxyk28gq4idgm7h2pt 0 254905 1611416 1608826 2026-10-26T17:18:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''San Sat Naing''' (''Kiburma'': ဆန်းဆက်နိုင်; pia huandikwa Sann Satt Naing; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1997) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya mlinda lango katika klabu ya Yangon United. Alijiunga na timu ya wakubwa ya Yangon United akitokea katika akademia ya Shirikisho la Soka la Myanmar (MFF).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=775&&news=article&&lang=eng |title="Sann Satt Naing transfer". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913151854/http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=775&&news=article&&lang=eng |archivedate=2018-09-13 |accessdate=2026-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Yangon United === Mnamo Septemba 2017, Sann Sat Naing alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza akiwa na Yangon United katika [[ushindi]] wa bao 1–0 dhidi ya Hantharwady United. Katika mechi hiyo ya kwanza, hakuruhusu bao lolote kufungwa. Alipata nafasi ya kucheza baada ya Kyaw Zin Htet kupata jeraha.<ref>[http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=880&&news=article&&lang=eng "First match of Sann Satt Naing".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 95qtfe2oooo3dr8eojot65l234b3o4i 1611485 1611416 2026-10-27T04:04:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611485 wikitext text/x-wiki '''San Sat Naing''' (''Kiburma'': ဆန်းဆက်နိုင်; pia huandikwa Sann Satt Naing; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1997) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya mlinda lango katika klabu ya Yangon United. Alijiunga na timu ya wakubwa ya Yangon United akitokea katika akademia ya Shirikisho la Soka la Myanmar (MFF).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=775&&news=article&&lang=eng |title="Sann Satt Naing transfer". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913151854/http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=775&&news=article&&lang=eng |archivedate=2018-09-13 |accessdate=2026-10-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == === Yangon United === Mnamo Septemba 2017, Sann Sat Naing alicheza [[mechi]] yake ya kwanza akiwa na Yangon United katika [[ushindi]] wa bao 1–0 dhidi ya Hantharwady United. Katika mechi hiyo ya kwanza, hakuruhusu bao lolote kufungwa. Alipata nafasi ya kucheza baada ya Kyaw Zin Htet kupata jeraha.<ref>[http://www.ygnutd.com/index.php?pid=3&id=880&&news=article&&lang=eng "First match of Sann Satt Naing".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] fuqebm2x2p5ayso250i8g9tfows7xe5 0 254907 1611424 1608829 2026-10-26T18:17:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Set Phyo Wai''' (''Kiburma'': ဆက်ဖြိုးဝေ; alizaliwa tarehe 1 Desemba 1994) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo. Ameiwakilisha [[timu]] ya taifa ya Myanmar chini ya umri wa miaka 23 na klabu ya Yangon United FC. Mwaka 2014, Set Phyo Wai alihamia [[klabu]] ya Magwe FC. Kwa sasa, ni mchezaji muhimu katika klabu ya Shan United.<ref>[http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/sports/18539-new-coach-same-result-for-yangon-as-magwe-go-top.html "New coach, same result for Yangon as Magwe go top".] Matt Roebuck. Myanmar Times. 19 January 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.aseanfootball.org/v2/?p=22394 "Back to back defeat for champs Yangon United".] {{Wayback|url=http://www.aseanfootball.org/v2/?p=22394 |date=20160213234140 }} ASEAN Football Federation. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] si5zavyiza0ai2jof7ywlwrjxb3oyi3 0 255166 1611377 1609509 2026-10-26T14:07:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Morten Nielsen (mabaharia)]] hadi [[Morten Nielsen (baharia)]]: usahihi wa jina 1609509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morten Nielsen''' (alizaliwa 14 Machi 1960) ni [[mwanamichezo]] wa [[Udeni]] anayeshiriki katika [[mchezo]] wa kusafiri kwa mashua. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya darasa la Star kwenye [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Majira ya joto|Majira ya Joto]] ya mwaka 1980.<ref>[https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/63126 "Morten Nielsen".] Olympedia. Retrieved 17 June 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Udeni]] 2j480fz455z4uy5t8rtpx99im9apimc 0 255242 1611427 1609635 2026-10-26T18:24:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahina Pardhan''' ni Mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Utafiti wa Uono na Macho (Vision and Eye Research Unit) na Shule ya Tiba ya Anglia Ruskin University. Yeye ndiye mwanamke wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa Profesa wa [[Optometria]] nchini [[Uingereza]]. == Maisha na elimu == Pardhan alizaliwa nchini [[Tanzania]] na kuhamia Yorkshire akiwa na umri wa miaka 18.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.anglia.ac.uk/medical-science/about/school-of-medicine/research/vision-and-eye-research-unit/highlights/professor-pardhan-asian-pacific-optometry-congress|title=Professor Pardhan speaks at APOC - Anglia Ruskin University|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013093240/https://www.anglia.ac.uk/medical-science/about/school-of-medicine/research/vision-and-eye-research-unit/highlights/professor-pardhan-asian-pacific-optometry-congress|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pardhan alihitimu kutoka University of Bradford mnamo 1984.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari |title=Professor Shahina Pardhan - Anglia Ruskin University |language=en |url=https://www.aru.ac.uk/people/shahina-pardhan |access-date=2018-06-02}}</ref> Alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Mwanafunzi Bora ya Chama cha Macho cha Yorkshire (Yorkshire Optical Society's ''Best Student Prize'').<ref name=":1" /> Alipokea udhamini kutoka College of Optometrists na kuanza masomo yake ya uzamili, akapata shahada ya uzamivu (doctorate) mnamo 1989.<ref name=":1" /> == Kazi na utafiti == Pardhan alijiunga na University of Bradford, ambako alikuwa mhadhiri pekee mwanamke. Siku yake ya kwanza aliambiwa kwamba "hakuweza kuingia kwenye chumba cha kawaida cha wafanyakazi kwa sababu makatibu hawakuruhusiwa".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.aop.org.uk/ot/in-practice/practitioner-stories/2017/12/19/first-female-professor-of-optometry-on-workplace-sexism|title=First female professor of optometry on workplace sexism|last=Powell|first=Selina|website=www.aop.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013060810/https://www.aop.org.uk/ot/in-practice/practitioner-stories/2017/12/19/first-female-professor-of-optometry-on-workplace-sexism|archivedate=2018-10-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo 1993 alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa Profesa wa Optometria na mwanamke wa kwanza wa Asia kuwa Profesa wa taaluma yoyote nchini Uingereza.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/health-fitness/body/female-optometrists-short-changed-salute-fighting-better-deal/|title=Female optometrists are being short-changed. I salute those fighting for a better deal|last=Potts|first=Judith|date=2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en-GB|[[issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Pardhan alijiunga na chuo cha Anglia Ruskin University kama Profesa mnamo 2001.<ref name=":2" /> Alishinda Tuzo ya Mwanamke Bora wa Asia wa Mafanikio (Asian Woman of Achievement Award) mnamo 2001, tuzo iliyowasilishwa na Cherie Blair.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/professor-wins-major-award-for-asian-women-1-2411438|title=Professor wins major award for Asian women|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053912/https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/professor-wins-major-award-for-asian-women-1-2411438|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo 2005 alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Vito vya Asia (Asian Jewel Award).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.opticianonline.net/news/apu-professor-wins-award-2|title=APU professor wins award - Optician|website=www.opticianonline.net|access-date=2018-06-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mnamo 2009 Pardhan aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Uono na Macho (Vision and Eye Research Institute).<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://ismailimail.wordpress.com/2009/08/03/professor-shahina-pardhan-appointed-director-of-a-new-high-profile-research-facility/|title=Professor Shahina Pardhan appointed Director of a new high profile research facility|date=2009-08-03|work=Ismailimail|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en-US}}</ref> Utafiti wake unalenga uono hafifu na changamoto ambazo watu wanaoteseka na Uono hafifu wanakabiliana nazo, ikiwa ni pamoja na matembezi na shughuli za starehe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rpfightingblindness.org.uk/newsevent.php?tln=newsevents&newseventid=433|title=Research update: Difficulties with visual activities for people with RP|website=www.rpfightingblindness.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-02|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053932/https://www.rpfightingblindness.org.uk/newsevent.php?tln=newsevents&newseventid=433|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa mgeni mzungumzaji mualikwa katika Kongamano la [[Optometria]] la Asia Pacific huko [[Kuala Lumpur]] mnamo 2015.<ref name=":0" /> Alikuwa mzungumzaji mkuu katika uzinduzi wa 2017 wa Women in Vision, kikundi cha mtandao kwa wanawake wanaofanya kazi zinazo husu Uoni nchini Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/ioo/news/2018/jan/women-vision-uk-launches-unite-women-vision-and-eye-research|title=Women in Vision UK launches to unite women in vision and eye research|last=UCL|website=UCL Institute of Ophthalmology|language=en|access-date=2018-06-02}}</ref> Aliongoza mkutano wa pamoja na chuo cha Southern University of Science and Technology kujadili ulemavu wa kusikia na kuona.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.aop.org.uk/ot/professional-support/optical-organisations/2017/12/11/anglia-ruskin-co-creates-first-of-its-kind-international-event|title=Anglia Ruskin co-creates "first of its kind" international event|last=McCormick|first=Emily|website=www.aop.org.uk|language=en|access-date=2018-06-02}}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == * Mnamo 2015, Pardhan alitunukiwa tuzo ya Makamu wa Mkuu wa Chuo kwa uongozi wa kimkakati.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.anglia.ac.uk/medical-science/about/school-of-medicine/research/vision-and-eye-research-unit/highlights/professor-shahina-pardhan-awarded-for-strategic-leadership|title=Professor Shahina Pardhan awarded - Anglia Ruskin University|access-date=2018-06-02|language=en|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013053847/https://www.anglia.ac.uk/medical-science/about/school-of-medicine/research/vision-and-eye-research-unit/highlights/professor-shahina-pardhan-awarded-for-strategic-leadership|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:wanasayansi wa Uingereza]] ipo4h1u9pa3z4gw7dmqr05vhr1jg3nq 0 255299 1611491 1609684 2026-10-27T04:35:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1611491 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Serra_San_Quirico_-_Veduta.jpg|thumb|[[Mandhari]] ya kijiji.]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' ni [[kijiji]] cha [[wilaya]] ya [[Ancona]], [[mikoa ya Italia|mkoa]] wa [[Marche]], [[Italia ya Kati]] wenye wakazi 2,467 ([[2026]]). ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya miji ya Italia]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-jio-Italia}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Marche]] 8q8nrqq7bgu1lgcg4qxj9difvpewz1x 3 255323 1611509 1609710 2026-10-27T05:59:58Z İmmortalance 62739 İmmortalance alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Darvinioiiiu]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:VerreauxE]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Darvinioiiiu|Darvinioiiiu]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/VerreauxE|VerreauxE]]" 1609710 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 5lcdgzu7wuasqhhk5zfq5ov4faa9byu 0 255636 1611290 1611139 2026-10-26T12:35:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/ANTONY ILDEFONS|ANTONY ILDEFONS]] ([[User talk:ANTONY ILDEFONS|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] 1610665 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Maria Mutola Valence 2008 cropped.jpg|alt=|thumb|'''Maria Mutola mnamo 2008 kwenye Mashindano ya Ndani ya Dunia huko Valencia''' ]] '''Maria de Lurdes Mutola''' (alizaliwa tarehe 27 Oktoba 1972) ni mwanariadha wa zamani wa kike kutoka [[Msumbiji]] aliyebobea katika mbio za mita 800. Ni mwanamke wa nne katika [[historia]] ya [[riadha]] kushiriki katika [[Michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] mara sita. Ameweza kutwaa ubingwa wa [[dunia]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lurdes Mutola in running to become Mozambique Athletics Federation president|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/lurdes-mutola-in-running-to-become-mozambique-athletics-federation-president/|work=Mozambique|date=2021-06-17|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref>mara tatu katika mbio hizo na [[Ubingwa wa WWE|ubingwa]] wa Olimpiki mara moja.Ingawa Mutola hakuwahi kuvunja rekodi ya dunia katika mbio zake alizozipenda za mita 800, [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] wengi wa riadha na mashabiki wanamchukulia kuwa mmoja wa wanariadha bora wa kike wa [[mbio]] za mita 800 katika [[historia]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lurdes Mutola in running to become Mozambique Athletics Federation president|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/lurdes-mutola-in-running-to-become-mozambique-athletics-federation-president/|work=Mozambique|date=2021-06-17|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lurdes Mutola in running to become Mozambique Athletics Federation president|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/lurdes-mutola-in-running-to-become-mozambique-athletics-federation-president/|work=Mozambique|date=2021-06-17|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref>Kutokana na kufanya vizuri kwa kiwango cha juu katika mashindano makubwa na kudumu kwa muda mrefu katika riadha, Mutola alishindana katika kiwango cha juu kwa takribani miongo miwili. Alistaafu michezo ya [[riadha]] mwaka 2008 akiwa na umri wa miaka 35.Aidha, anatajwa kuwa [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] pekee aliyewahi kushinda [[Taji|mataji]] ya Olimpiki, Ubingwa wa Dunia, Ubingwa wa Dunia wa Ndani ya Ukumbi, Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola, Michezo ya Mabara na Mashindano ya Ubingwa wa Mabara katika tukio lilelile la riadha.Pia, Maria de Lurdes Mutola ni kocha mkuu na mshauri wa mwanariadha Caster Semenya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lurdes Mutola in running to become Mozambique Athletics Federation president|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/lurdes-mutola-in-running-to-become-mozambique-athletics-federation-president/|work=Mozambique|date=2021-06-17|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-jio-Msumbiji}} [[Jamii:Michezo]] iebjf299c5s0kk2mqo8svrye0a4icbn 0 255689 1611449 1610459 2026-10-26T22:51:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bbumba Syda Namirembe.jpg|thumb|Syda Bbumba]] '''Syda Namirembe Bbumba''' (jina la ukoo wakati mwingine huandikwa '''Bumba''') (alizaliwa tarehe [[7 Januari]] [[1952]]) ni mhasibu, [[mwanasiasa]] na mtaalamu wa [[benki]] kutoka [[Uganda]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu katika [[Baraza la Mawaziri]] la Uganda kama Waziri wa [[Nishati]] na [[Madini]] kuanzia mwaka [[2002]] hadi [[2006]], Waziri wa Jinsia, Kazi na Maendeleo ya Jamii kuanzia 2006 hadi [[2008]], na Waziri wa Fedha kuanzia [[2009]] hadi [[2011]].<ref>https://visiongroup.co.ug/supplements/2020/01/29/why-uganda-ranks-highly-in-tax-administration/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=347</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] 66ioat7lf83v1vwlesj5jig2ip9pek7 0 255759 1611415 1610813 2026-10-26T16:50:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|jina la kuzaliwa=Samira Said|tarehe ya kuzaliwa={{Birth date and age|1958|1|10|df=yes}}|residence=[[Rabat]], Morocco|jina la asili={{lang|ar|سميرة سعيد}}}} [[Faili:Beirut International Awards Festivals (BIAF) honored Samira Said in 2011.jpg|thumb|https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beirut_International_Awards_Festivals_(BIAF)_honored_Samira_Said_in_2011.jpg]] Samira Abdelrazak Bensaïd (''Kiarabu: سميرة عبد الرزاق بنسعيد,'' ilivyoandikwa kwa herufi za Kilatini: ''Samīra ʿAbd ar-Razzāq ibn Saʿīd;'' alizaliwa [[Tarehe|tarehe 10]] [[18 Januari|Januari 1958]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina la Samira Said (''Kiarabu: سميرة'' ''سعيد'', ilivyoandikwa kwa herufi za ''Kilatini: Samīra Saʿīd''), ni mwimbaji mwenye asili ya [[Moroko|Morocco]] na Misri ambaye ameishi nchini Misri kwa zaidi ya miaka 50 na anajulikana kwa [[muziki]] wake wa mtindo wa Kiarabu cha Misri.\[1\] Mwaka 1980, alikuwa msanii wa kwanza na hadi sasa ndiye pekee kuiwakilisha Morocco katika Mashindano ya Wimbo wa ''Eurovision''. == Kazi ya muziki == == ''Samira Said kwenye kadi ya posta ya Mashindano ya Wimbo wa Eurovision ya mwaka 1980'' == == Samira Said alizaliwa mwaka 1958 mjini Rabat, nchini Morocco,\[2\] akiwa mtoto wa baba kutoka [[Rabat]] na mama kutoka [[Fez|Fez.]]\[3\] Alianza kuimba akiwa na umri wa miaka tisa\[citation needed\], na aligunduliwa kupitia kipindi cha muziki cha Mawaheb, kilichokuwa kikionyeshwa kwenye televisheni ya Morocco. Baadaye alihamia [[Misri]], ambako umaarufu wake katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu ulianza. Ana uraia wa nchi mbili, Morocco na Misri,\[4\] ambako ndiko makazi yake ya kudumu, baada ya kuhamia [[Kairo|Cairo]] mwaka 1977. == == Albamu zake zote zimeimbwa kwa Kiarabu cha Misri, lakini pia amerekodi baadhi ya nyimbo kwa Kiarabu cha Morocco, kama vile “Kifash Tlakina” (“Jinsi Tulivyokutana”), “Fayetli sheftek shi marra” (“Nimekuona Mara Moja”), “Sarkouh” (“Walimwiba”) na “Al Behhara” (“Mabaharia”). Nyimbo zake zilizotolewa kama singo ni pamoja na “Maghlouba” (“Aliyeshindwa”) na “Wa'ady” (“Mpenzi Wangu”). Mwaka 1980, aliiwakilisha nchi yake ya kuzaliwa, Morocco, katika Mashindano ya Wimbo wa Eurovision, akiimba wimbo maarufu nchini Uholanzi wakati huo ulioitwa Bitaqat Hub. Alishika nafasi ya 18 kati ya washiriki 19.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BBC - Radio 3 - Awards for World Music 2003 - Samira Said|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/world/awards2003/profile_said.shtml|work=www.bbc.co.uk|accessdate=2026-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Concert de la tolerance 2007 à Agadir|url=http://news.agadir-souss.com/concert-de-la-tolerance-2007-agadir-200709352.html|work=news.agadir-souss.com|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312080056/http://news.agadir-souss.com/concert-de-la-tolerance-2007-agadir-200709352.html|archivedate=2009-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> == == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake Katika Sanaa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika]] oaoe86b0of872hon5zztnriwfn61n0k 0 255787 1611600 1611030 2026-10-27T11:09:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611600 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Joseph meets Asenath (Asenath throws the Idols out of the Tower))-Bode museum- Berlin.jpg|thumb|]] '''''Yusufu na Asenathi''''' ni simulizi lililoandikwa kati ya [[mwaka]] 200 KK na 200 BK. Linamhusu Yusufu, mzee wa ukoo wa Waebrania, na ndoa yake na Asenathi, likipanua maelezo mafupi kuhusu uhusiano wao yanayopatikana katika Kitabu cha Mwanzo. Maandishi hayo yalitafsiriwa katika lugha nyingi, zikiwemo [[Kiamhari]], [[Kiarabu]], [[Kiarmenia]], [[Kijerumani]] cha kipindi cha awali cha kisasa, [[Kilatini]], [[Kiingereza]] cha Zama za Kati, [[Kifaransa]] cha Kale, Kiromania, Kiserbia na Kisiria. == Asili == Huenda kazi hii iliandikwa kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kigiriki]], jambo linalothibitishwa na kuwepo kwa nakala 16 za maandishi hayo kwa Kigiriki, pamoja na vyanzo vingine. Kwa tathmini ya Richard Cole, “asili ya awali ya kazi hii haijulikani kwa uhakika. Mapendekezo kuhusu mahali na wakati ilipotokea yameanzia mwaka [[200 KK]] hadi [[300 BK|300 BK,]] kuanzia Afrika Kaskazini upande wa magharibi hadi [[Palestina]] na [[Syria|Siria]] upande wa mashariki.” Baadhi ya watu wameichukulia kazi hii kuwa ni midrash ya [[Kiyahudi]], yaani maelezo au ufafanuzi wa ziada kuhusu simulizi lililo katika Kitabu cha Mwanzo (Mwanzo 37–50). Wengine wanatilia shaka tafsiri hii, kwa sehemu kutokana na asili yake inayohusishwa na [[Ukristo]] wa awali wa [[Kisiria]], lugha iliyotumika (''kama vile “Mwana wa Mungu” na “Bibi-arusi wa Mungu”)'', ishara zake za kidini zinazohusiana na Ekaristi, pamoja na barua ya utangulizi, ambavyo vinaonekana kuashiria muktadha wa Kikristo. Gideon Bohak \[he\] na wengine wameelekeza fikra zao kwenye eneo la kijiografia ambako simulizi hili linatokea, yaani ''Heliopolis'', na kwenye jumuiya muhimu ya Wayahudi waliokuwa uhamishoni, iliyojikita katika hekalu la Kiyahudi huko [[Leontopolis]]. Hekalu hilo lilikuwa katika wilaya ya Heliopolis wakati wa utawala wa Ptolemaio. Watafiti hao wanaona eneo hilo kuwa huenda ndilo lilikuwa chimbuko la simulizi hili. Nakala ya zamani zaidi iliyopo ni tafsiri ya Kisiria, iliyohifadhiwa katika Maktaba ya Uingereza mjini [[London]], kwenye hati namba 17,202. Hati hiyo ni mkusanyiko wenye maandishi mbalimbali. Tafsiri ya Yusufu na Asenathi kwa Kisiria ilifanywa takribani mwaka 550 BK na [[Musa|Moses]] wa Ingila. Mkusanyiko huo uliandaliwa takribani mwaka 570 BK na mtu ambaye wasomi humwita “''Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor.”''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Category:Joseph and Aseneth (text) - 4 Enoch: The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism|url=http://www.4enoch.org/wiki4/index.php?title=Category:Joseph_and_Aseneth_(text)|work=www.4enoch.org|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002182100/http://www.4enoch.org/wiki4/index.php?title=Category:Joseph_and_Aseneth_(text)|archivedate=2018-10-02|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=wMbEyeDSQQgC&pg=PA357&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Historical Jesus in Context|last=Levine|first=Amy-Jill|date=2006-11-05|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-00992-6|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-kitabu}} [[Jamii:Vitabu]] 837czu5xwsduwhij7wiajbpt7vt7tsa 0 255844 1611492 1610668 2026-10-27T04:37:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1611492 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kigezo:Vyanzo}} hnt4jh9an8k7x7juj4t5s1zizd0al0o 0 255869 1611421 1610818 2026-10-26T17:58:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dahomey amazon1.jpg|thumb|Seh-Dong-Hong-Beh, mchoro wa Frederick Forbes, [[1851]]]] '''''Seh-Dong-Hong-Beh''''' (ikimaanisha "''Mungu husema kweli''")<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPAuAQAAIAAJ|title=King Guezo of Dahomey, 1850-52: The Abolition of the Slave Trade on the West Coast of Africa|last=Coates|first=Tim|date=2001|publisher=Stationery Office|isbn=978-0-11-702460-1|language=en}}</ref> alikuwa kiongozi wa [[jeshi]] la wanawake la [[Dahomey]], linalojulikana kama Amazoni wa Dahomey''<nowiki/>'. Mnamo mwaka [[1851]], aliongoza jeshi la wanawake pekee lenye wapiganaji 6,000 dhidi ya ngome ya kabila la [[Egba]] huko [[Abeokuta]], kwa lengo la kuwateka watu wa kabila la Egba na kuwafanya watumwa kwa ajili ya biashara ya utumwa ya Dahomey.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Afrikan Women Warriors|url=http://www.geocities.com/jywanza1/AfrikanWarriors.html|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2026-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027090127/http://www.geocities.com/jywanza1/AfrikanWarriors.html|archivedate=2009-10-27|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Forbes, Brig.-Gen. Willoughby Edward Gordon, (11 Sept. 1851–13 Dec. 1926)|date=2007-12-01|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u196491|work=Who Was Who|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-10-24}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Afrika]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kwcto3vyurg63kox05q9dapnx1ovwbc 0 256039 1611493 1611133 2026-10-27T04:38:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Bot: fixed references and maintenance 1611493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Egidi wa Laurenzana''' ([[Laurenzana]], [[Potenza]], [[1443]] hivi – Laurenzana, [[10 Januari]] [[1518]]) alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[Italia]] wa [[Shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Waoservanti]]<ref>Francesco Russo, BSS, vol. IV (1964), col. 961.</ref> aliyeishi [[maisha]] yaliyofichika katika [[sala]] yenye [[karama]] za pekee <ref name="bss">Francesco Russo, BSS, vol. IV (1964), col. 962.</ref>. Tangu kale aliheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]<ref>Francesco Russo, BSS, vol. IV (1964), col. 963.</ref>. [[Papa Leo XIII]] alithibitisha [[heshima]] hiyo [[mwaka]] [[1880]]<ref>''Index ac status causarum'' (1999), p. 403.</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[Mauti|kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Marejeo == * ''Il martirologio romano. Riformato a norma dei decreti del Concilio ecumenico Vaticano II e promulgato da papa Giovanni Paolo II'', Città del Vaticano, LEV, 2004. * Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum, ''Index ac status causarum'', Città del Vaticano, 1999. * Filippo Caraffa e Giuseppe Morelli (curr.), ''Bibliotheca Sanctorum'' (BSS), 12 voll., Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università Lateranense, Roma, 1961-1969. ==Viungo vya nje== * https://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/blessed-giles-of-lorenzana.html {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1443]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1518]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Wenye heri wa Italia]] lx419q35yun1iprd9mor9rbqqlkw9rb 0 256042 1611291 1611141 2026-10-26T12:36:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Caroline Wanjikū Mūgane''' ni [[wakili]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa [[benki]] za [[uwekezaji]] (investment banker) nchini [[Kenya Airways|Kenya,]] ambayo ni uchumi mkubwa zaidi katika [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[EAC|(EAC)]]. Yeye ni [[Mkurugenzi]] Mtendaji (Managing Director) wa ''Fedha Connect Limited'', [[kampuni]] inayosaidia kukusanya na kupata mitaji kwa ajili ya [[biashara]] zinazofanya kazi katika sekta mbalimbali, ikiwemo kilimo-biashara, mali isiyohamishika, [[mafuta]] na [[Gesi|gesi.]] Pia ni mjumbe wa [[Bodi]] ya Wakurugenzi ya [[Safari 431 ya Kenya Airways|Kenya Airways,]] [[shirika]] la [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]] la kitaifa la Kenya.[https://wolfganghthome.wordpress.com/2014/11/26/kenya-airways-announces-suspension-of-new-delhi-flights-as-cost-cutting-measures-come-into-effect/]<ref>https://wolfganghthome.wordpress.com/2014/11/26/kenya-airways-announces-suspension-of-new-delhi-flights-as-cost-cutting-measures-come-into-effect/</ref> == Historia ya Kazi == Baada ya kuhitimu katika [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] Law School, Caroline Wanjikū Mūgane alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya SG Warburg huko [[London]] na [[Johannesburg|Johannesburg,]] akijihusisha na masuala ya fedha na uwekezaji. Mwaka [[1998]], yeye pamoja na mshirika wake walianzisha First Africa [[Capital (economics)|Capital,]] [[kampuni]] ya ushauri wa kifedha iliyokuwa na makao yake [[Nairobi]], pamoja na ofisi huko Johannesburg na London. Mwaka [[2006]], Standard Chartered Kenya ilinunua [[Asilimia|asilimia 25]] ya [[hisa]] katika First Africa Capital. Wakati huo, Mūgane alikuwa akihudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji (Chief Executive Officer – CEO) wa kampuni hiyo.[https://hapakenya.com/2014/11/25/kenya-airways-now-has-two-women-on-its-board/]<ref>https://hapakenya.com/2014/11/25/kenya-airways-now-has-two-women-on-its-board/</ref> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] hlmi8vw344l4z037ovzz8x9ie1dw97l 0 256054 1611292 1611207 2026-10-26T12:37:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mausoleum of Njegoš]] hadi [[Makumbusho ya Njegoš]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mausoleum of Njegoš''' ni [[jengo]] la [[kumbukumbu]] lililohifadhi mabaki ya Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, lililopo kwenye kilele cha Jezerski Vrh, katika Mlima Lovćen, nchini [[Montenegro]]. Makaburi hayo yapo umbali wa kilomita 21 kutoka mji wa karibu wa Cetinje, kupitia barabara ya lami, na yalijengwa kwa kuzingatia wazo la mchongaji wa sanamu kutoka Kroatia, Ivan Meštrović. Yalijengwa katika eneo lilelile lilipokuwa Kanisa la Agano la Njegoš, ambalo Njegoš alilijenga mwaka 1845 kwa nia ya kuzikwa humo. Aliliweka wakfu kwa mtangulizi wake, Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, ambaye anatambuliwa kama Mtakatifu Peter wa Cetinje na Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Serbia. Kanisa hilo liliharibiwa na mashambulizi ya mabomu wakati wa [[Vita vya kwanza vya dunia|Vita vya Kwanza]] na vya Pili vya Dunia. Mwaka 1974, licha ya upinzani kutoka kwa Uaskofu Mkuu wa Montenegro na Pwani pamoja na waumini wa Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi katika eneo hilo, kanisa la zamani liliamriwa kubomolewa na kamati ya Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Montenegro iliyoongozwa na Veljko Milatović. Baadaye, makaburi yaliyopo sasa yalijengwa. == Historia == Kabla ya [[kifo]] chake, Njegoš aliomba azikwe kwenye kilele cha Mlima Lovćen, katika kanisa aliloliweka wakfu kwa mtangulizi wake, Petar I Petrović-Njegoš. Njegoš mwenyewe alibuni kanisa hilo na kusimamia ujenzi wake mwaka 1845. Baada ya kifo chake mwezi Oktoba 1851, Njegoš alizikwa katika Monasteri ya Cetinje. Mabaki yake yalihamishiwa kwenye Mlima Lovćen mwaka 1855 na kubaki huko hadi mwaka 1916. Wakati wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, Montenegro ilikaliwa na Austria-Hungaria, na watawala wa nchi hiyo waliamua kujenga mnara wa kumuenzi Mfalme Franz Joseph wa Austria kwenye Mlima Lovćen. Kwa kuwa hawakutaka mnara wa mfalme wa Austria uwe katika eneo lilelile lililokuwa ishara ya hisia za kitaifa za Waslav wa Kusini, mamlaka za Austria-Hungaria ziliamuru mabaki ya Njegoš yarudishwe Cetinje. Watu wa Montenegro hawakuwa na chaguo kubwa katika suala hilo, hivyo mabaki hayo yaliondolewa chini ya usimamizi wa makasisi wa Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Serbia ili kuzuia Waustria-Hungaria wasishutumiwe kwa kulivunjia heshima kaburi lake. Mwishoni mwa vita, kanisa la Njegoš lilikuwa limeharibika vibaya. Mamlaka za eneo hilo zilifanya mazungumzo na serikali ya Yugoslavia kwa miaka kadhaa kuhusu mahali, wakati na gharama za kumzika tena Njegoš. Maafisa wa Montenegro walipendelea kurejeshwa kwa kanisa la awali, huku mamlaka za Belgrade zikianzisha mashindano ya kupata michoro ya makaburi mapya yaliyopangwa kujengwa. Baadhi ya michoro iliyopendekezwa ilikuwa tofauti sana na jengo la awali lililokuwa na mtindo wa usanifu wa Bizanti. Kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa fedha, mipango ya kujenga makaburi mapya iliachwa mwaka 1925, na kanisa la awali likajengwa upya. Mwezi Septemba 1925, kanisa hilo liliwekwa wakfu upya na mabaki ya Njegoš yakazikwa humo tena katika sherehe za siku tatu zilizofadhiliwa na kuhudhuriwa na Mfalme Alexander wa Yugoslavia na Malkia Maria. Mwanahistoria Andrew B. Wachtel aliandika kuwa sherehe hizo, ambazo zilielezwa kwa kina katika vyombo vya habari vya Yugoslavia, zilikuwa na hali ya heshima ya kidini iliyofanana zaidi na ile inayotolewa kwa mtakatifu kuliko kwa mwandishi. Mwishoni mwa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], Yugoslavia iliingia chini ya utawala wa kikomunisti. Mwaka 1952, mamlaka za kikomunisti za Yugoslavia ziliamua kulibadilisha kanisa la Njegoš na kuweka makaburi yasiyo ya kidini yaliyobuniwa na Ivan Meštrović<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=gE1c4wK-ASAC&redir_esc=y</ref>. Wachtel alipendekeza kuwa hatua hiyo ililenga kuondoa utambulisho wa Kiserbia wa Njegoš na kufuta alama zozote za usanifu wa Bizanti zilizokuwapo katika kanisa hilo. Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960, kanisa lilibomolewa, na makaburi mapya yakajengwa kufikia mwaka 1971. Mabaki ya Njegoš yalihamishiwa tena kwenye Mlima Lovćen mwaka 1974, na makaburi hayo yalizinduliwa rasmi mwaka huohuo. == Urithi == Njegoš na eneo alipozikwa walitajwa katika wimbo maarufu wa jadi wa Montenegro, Oj, svijetla majska zoro. Wimbo huo, ukiwa na maneno yaliyorekebishwa, umekuwa wimbo wa taifa wa Montenegro tangu mwaka 2004. Kuanzia mwaka 1945 hadi 1992, Kanisa la Agano la Njegoš lilionyeshwa kwenye nembo ya Jamhuri ya Kisoshalisti ya Montenegro. Kuanzia mwaka 1992 hadi 1994, kanisa hilo pia lilionyeshwa kwenye nembo ya Jamhuri ya Montenegro. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] [[Jamii:Makumbusho]] o38bbecp84mcblx9v4lzg7ga71li5t0 0 256058 1611297 1611213 2026-10-26T12:45:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heather McTeer Toney''' ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[mazingira]], [[wakili]] na mtumishi wa [[umma]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[2014]], aliteuliwa na [[Rais]] Barack Obama kuwa msimamizi wa kikanda wa Shirika la Ulinzi wa Mazingira la Marekani (EPA) katika eneo la kusini-mashariki mwa nchi hiyo. Kabla ya hapo, Toney alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza na Mwafrika-Mmarekani wa kwanza kuhudumu kama meya wa [[Greenville, Mississippi]]. Alishikilia nafasi hiyo kuanzia mwaka [[2004]] hadi [[20 Novemba|2011]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Toney alizaliwa na Victor McTeer, wakili wa haki za kiraia, na Mercidees “Dee Dee” McTeer, [[mwalimu]] wa shule za umma. Alizaliwa na kukulia katika mji wa Greenville, Mississippi. Victor McTeer alikuwa miongoni mwa Waafrika-Wamarekani wa kwanza kusoma katika Chuo cha Western Maryland, ambacho kwa sasa kinajulikana kama Chuo cha McDaniel. Baada ya kuhitimu katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Rutgers mwaka 1972, alirejea katika jimbo lake la Mississippi na kuanza kufanya kazi ya uwakili<ref>https://docs.house.gov/meetings/RU/RU02/20190924/109986/HHRG-116-RU02-Bio-ToneyH-20190924.pdf</ref>. Baada ya kuhitimu shule ya sekondari, Toney alijiunga na Chuo cha Spelman, ambako alikuwa mwanachama wa jumuiya ya wanawake ya Alpha Kappa Alpha. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika [[sosholojia]]. Baadaye, Toney alijiunga na Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alipata shahada ya kitaaluma ya sheria (Juris Doctor). == Kazi == Katika kazi yake ya uwakili, Toney alijishughulisha hasa na kesi zinazohusu ubaguzi katika ajira na uzembe wa kitaalamu katika huduma za afya. === Meya wa Greenville === Mwaka 2004, Toney alikua mwanamke wa kwanza, Mwafrika-Mmarekani wa kwanza na mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi kuhudumu kama meya wa Greenville. Alimshinda meya aliyekuwa madarakani, Paul Artman Jr., katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Democratic. Kisha, katika uchaguzi mkuu uliofanyika tarehe 8 Desemba 2003, alimshinda mgombea huru DeWitt “Buddy” Tucker kwa kura 4,393 dhidi ya kura 393 za Tucker. Greenville iko katika eneo la Delta ya Mississippi, ambalo limekuwa likikabiliwa na kiwango cha umaskini kilicho karibu mara tatu ya wastani wa kitaifa. Wakati wa uongozi wake kama meya, Toney alisifiwa kwa mchango wake katika kusaidia jiji hilo kutatua matatizo yake ya madeni. Pia aliwahi kuwa rais wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Mameya Weusi. Akiwa meya, Toney aliweka mkazo katika masuala ya mazingira, hasa ulinzi wa vyanzo vya maji vya eneo hilo. Hakugombea tena nafasi ya umeya katika uchaguzi wa Desemba 2011. Badala yake, aliamua kugombea kiti cha uwakilishi wa wilaya ya pili ya uchaguzi ya Mississippi katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani katika uchaguzi wa Novemba 2012. Nafasi yake ya umeya ilichukuliwa na Chuck Jordan, aliyemshinda Carl McGee. Mwezi Machi 2012, Toney alishindwa na Bennie Thompson katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Democratic wa kuwania kiti cha wilaya ya pili ya uchaguzi ya Mississippi katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani. === Shirika la Ulinzi wa Mazingira la Marekani (EPA) === Mwaka 2009, Lisa P. Jackson, aliyekuwa msimamizi wa EPA wakati huo, alimteua Toney kuwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Ushauri ya Serikali za Mitaa ya shirika hilo. Jackson alivutiwa na juhudi za Toney za kupambana na uchafuzi wa maji katika mji wa Greenville. Mwaka 2014, Rais Barack Obama alimteua Toney kuwa msimamizi wa kikanda wa EPA katika Kanda ya 4. Kanda hiyo inajumuisha majimbo ya [[Alabama]], [[Georgia]], [[Florida]], [[Kentucky]], Mississippi, [[North Carolina]], [[South Carolina]] na [[Tennessee]], pamoja na maeneo ya makabila sita ya Wenyeji wa Marekani. Kanda ya 4 imeelezwa kuwa eneo linalokabiliwa na changamoto za muda mrefu, zikiwemo zinazohusishwa na dhana ya ubaguzi wa rangi katika upatikanaji wa nishati. Kabla ya Toney kuteuliwa, nafasi hiyo ilikuwa wazi kwa kipindi fulani baada ya Gwen Keyes Fleming, aliyekuwa msimamizi wa kikanda, kupandishwa cheo na kuwa mkuu wa wafanyakazi wa EPA. Toney ametajwa miongoni mwa watu wanaoweza kuteuliwa kuwa msimamizi wa EPA katika siku zijazo. === Haki ya mazingira === Tangu alipoondoka EPA mwaka 2017, Toney amejihusisha na juhudi za kuhamasisha na kuandaa jamii kuhusu haki ya mazingira. Anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa kitaifa wa shughuli za uwandani katika shirika la Moms Clean Air Force, linalopigania kupunguza uchafuzi wa hewa. Mwaka 2019, Toney aliandika makala ya maoni katika gazeti la The New York Times, akieleza kuwa mapambano dhidi ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi na juhudi za kulinda mazingira yanahusiana kwa karibu na haki ya rangi. Pia amekosoa vuguvugu kuu la utetezi wa mazingira kwa kupuuza mahitaji na wasiwasi wa jamii za watu wa rangi mbalimbali<ref>https://www.mprnews.org/story/2019/12/16/a-beautiful-world-fighting-climate-change-on-behalf-of-the-kids-wholl-live-with-it</ref>. == Maisha binafsi == Toney ameolewa na Dexter Toney, na wana [[watoto]] watatu. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] 6ta80n7crcna1klemok02m6jnxo9w3r 0 256059 1611298 1611214 2026-10-26T12:46:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeffrey Paul Victory''' ([[29 Januari]] [[1946]] – [[26 Septemba]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[jaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica0000unse_i8t7/page/804/mode/2up</ref>. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Democratic na Chama cha Republican, alihudumu kama jaji wa [[Mahakama]] ya Rufani ya [[Louisiana]] kwa Mzunguko wa Pili kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1995, na kama jaji msaidizi wa Mahakama Kuu ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2014. == Maisha na kazi == Victory alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Shreveport, Louisiana|Shreveport]], jimbo la Louisiana, akiwa mtoto wa Thomas Edward Victory na Currie Esther Horton. Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Shule ya Sekondari ya C. E. Byrd. Baada ya kuhitimu shule ya sekondari, alijiunga na Chuo cha Centenary cha Louisiana kwa ufadhili wa masomo ya michezo. Mwaka 1967, alipata shahada ya kwanza katika historia na serikali. Pia alisoma katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alihitimu mwaka 1971. Wakati akisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, alihudumu katika Kikosi cha Walinzi wa Kitaifa cha Louisiana. Victory alihudumu kama jaji wa Mahakama ya Rufani ya Louisiana kwa Mzunguko wa Pili kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 1995. Baada ya kuhudumu katika mahakama hiyo, aliteuliwa kuwa jaji msaidizi wa Mahakama Kuu ya Louisiana, nafasi aliyoshikilia kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2014<ref>https://www.lasc.org/Bicentennial/justices/victory_jeffrey.html</ref>. == Maisha binafsi na kifo == Victory alikuwa ameoa Nancy Clark. Ndoa yao iliendelea hadi kifo chake mwaka 2024. Victory alifariki tarehe 26 Septemba 2024, akiwa na umri wa miaka 78<ref>https://www.rose-neath.com/obituaries/justice-jeffrey-victory</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] muo1kf7rfgugpvs2b8cw634worher1n 0 256062 1611299 1611219 2026-10-26T12:47:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carleton Hunt''' (1 Januari [[1836]] – 14 Agosti [[1921]]) alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]], akiwakilisha jimbo la [[Louisiana]]. Alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Democratic. Hunt alizaliwa katika mji wa [[New Orleans]] na kusoma katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]], kisha akaendelea na masomo ya [[sheria]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Kabla ya Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Marekani, alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Muungano wa Kikatiba. Alikuwa mhadhiri na alihudumu kwa miaka kumi kama mkuu wa shule ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Wakati wa Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Marekani, alihudumu kwa cheo cha luteni katika kikosi cha mizinga cha Jeshi la Muungano wa Majimbo ya Kusini (Confederate Army). Carleton Hunt alikuwa mwana wa Thomas Hunt (1808–1867), tabibu mashuhuri wa New Orleans aliyekuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa shule ya tiba ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, na Aglae Marie Carleton (1816–1847). Alimuoa Georgine Cammack, na walipata watoto watatu wa kiume. Watoto hao walikuja kuwa daktari mmoja na mawakili wawili. Hunt alifariki katika mji wa New Orleans. Alikuwa mwanachama wa The Boston Club, klabu ya kijamii iliyoko New Orleans<ref>https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nnc1.cu09362126&seq=327</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1836]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1921]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Marekani]] f4rbyj8pe4lbuszgj6hj8jh8pv3m4bi 0 256064 1611300 1611223 2026-10-26T12:47:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Conner Treen Sr.''' (16 Julai [[1928]] – 29 Oktoba [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] na [[wakili]] kutoka [[Marekani]], katika jimbo la [[Louisiana]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Republican, Treen aliwakilisha wilaya ya tatu ya uchaguzi ya Louisiana katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani kuanzia mwaka 1973 hadi 1980, na akahudumu kama gavana wa 51 wa Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1980 hadi 1984. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kwanza wa Chama cha Republican kuchaguliwa katika mojawapo ya nafasi hizo tangu kipindi cha Ujenzi Upya baada ya Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Marekani. Treen alizaliwa Baton Rouge, Louisiana, tarehe 16 Julai 1928, akakulia [[New Orleans]] na baadaye akaishi Metairie. Baada ya kujaribu mara tatu bila mafanikio kuingia katika Bunge la Marekani katika miaka ya 1960, alishinda uchaguzi wake wa kwanza mwaka 1972 na kuwa mwakilishi wa wilaya ya uchaguzi iliyojumuisha sehemu za eneo kubwa la New Orleans na Acadiana. Akiwa bungeni, Treen alikuwa na rekodi ya kupiga kura inayolingana kwa kiasi kikubwa na misimamo ya kihafidhina. Baadaye alichaguliwa tena mara tatu, kila mara kwa ushindi uliokuwa mkubwa zaidi. Mwaka 1975, alikua miongoni mwa wajumbe wa kwanza wa Kamati Teule ya Baraza la Wawakilishi kuhusu Ujasusi, ilipoanzishwa. Mwaka 1979, Treen alichaguliwa kuwa gavana wa Louisiana, na mwaka 1980 alijiuzulu kutoka Baraza la Wawakilishi ili kuanza kutekeleza majukumu yake ya ugavana. Katika muhula wake mmoja kama gavana, alipunguza kodi ya mapato ya jimbo na kuanzisha mpango wa maendeleo ya kitaaluma kwa walimu. Pia alitia saini sheria iliyoanzisha Shule ya Louisiana ya Hisabati, Sayansi na Sanaa pamoja na Idara ya Ubora wa Mazingira ya Louisiana. Hata hivyo, utawala wa Treen uliendeshwa wakati wa mdororo wa uchumi wa mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980, ambapo Louisiana ilikabiliwa na ongezeko la ukosefu wa ajira na madeni ya hati fungani. Mwaka 1983, Treen alishindwa katika uchaguzi wa kuwania muhula wa pili na Edwin Edwards, ambaye alikuwa amehudumu kama gavana kabla yake<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=_dJgn3TFLJ8C&q=%22david+C+treen%22+Simplex+%22Vice+president%22&pg=PA77&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22david%20C%20treen%22%20Simplex%20%22Vice%20president%22&f=false</ref>. Baada ya kuondoka madarakani, Treen aliendelea kushiriki katika siasa za Louisiana. Aliwania tena kiti cha Bunge la Marekani na kuunga mkono wagombea wa ugavana, hata mwaka 2008, mwaka mmoja kabla ya kifo chake. == Maisha ya awali na kazi ya sheria == Treen alizaliwa katika mji mkuu wa jimbo la Louisiana, Baton Rouge, akiwa mtoto wa Joseph Paul Treen na Elizabeth Treen, aliyezaliwa Speir. Alisoma katika shule za umma katika parokia za East Baton Rouge, Jefferson na Orleans. Mwaka 1945, Treen alihitimu katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Alcee Fortier, iliyokuwa New Orleans. Miongoni mwa wanafunzi wenzake alikuwa Victor Gold, ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mshauri wa masuala ya kisiasa na mwandishi wa habari. Mwaka 1948, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika historia na sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, kilichoko New Orleans. Akiwa chuoni hapo, alikuwa mwanachama wa jumuiya ya wanafunzi wa kiume ya Kappa Sigma. Mwaka 1950, alihitimu katika Shule ya Sheria ya Tulane na kukubaliwa rasmi kufanya kazi ya uwakili. Treen alihudumu katika Jeshi la Anga la Marekani kuanzia mwaka 1951 hadi 1952. Baada ya kuachiliwa kutoka jeshini, alijiunga na kampuni ya uwakili ya Deutsch, Kerrigan & Stiles. Kuanzia mwaka 1952 hadi 1957, Treen alikuwa mshauri wa kisheria na makamu wa rais wa kampuni ya Simplex Manufacturing Corporation iliyokuwa New Orleans. Mwaka 1957, alijiunga na kampuni ya uwakili ya Beard, Blue & Schmitt kama wakili mshirika. Baadaye alipandishwa cheo na kuwa mmoja wa washirika wa kampuni hiyo, ambayo ilikuja kujulikana kama Beard, Blue, Schmitt & Treen. == Kazi ya kisiasa ya awali == === Mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Haki za Majimbo na mgombea wa mpiga kura wa urais mwaka 1960 === Katika uchaguzi wa urais wa Marekani wa mwaka 1960, Treen aligombea nafasi ya mpiga kura wa urais kupitia Chama cha Haki za Majimbo (States' Rights Party). Chama hicho kilimuunga mkono Harry F. Byrd Sr., seneta wa Marekani kutoka Virginia aliyekuwa akipinga ushirikiano wa rangi katika jamii, badala ya wagombea wakuu wawili, John F. Kennedy wa Chama cha Democratic na Richard Nixon wa Chama cha Republican. Treen pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kamati kuu ya chama hicho katika jimbo la Louisiana. Miongoni mwa wapiga kura wa urais wa chama hicho kutoka Louisiana walikuwamo Leander Perez na Willie Rainach, ambao walikuwa watetezi wakali wa ubaguzi wa rangi. Katika mkutano wa kampeni, Treen alionya kuwa kipindi cha Ujenzi Upya wa Kusini baada ya Vita vya Wenyewe kwa Wenyewe vya Marekani kilikuwa bado hakijakamilika. Pia alidai kuwa vyama vya Democratic na Republican vingewafanya wafanyakazi kuwa vyombo tu katika mfumo wa kijamii unaotegemea ujamaa. Hatimaye, Kennedy alishinda uchaguzi katika jimbo la Louisiana, huku tiketi ya Chama cha Haki za Majimbo ikipata asilimia 21 ya kura za wananchi katika jimbo hilo. Baada ya matokeo kutangazwa, Treen alitaka Bunge la Louisiana likatae wapiga kura wa urais waliokuwa wameteuliwa kwa ajili ya Kennedy na badala yake liwatume wapiga kura wa Chama cha Haki za Majimbo, ambao hawakuwa wameahidi kumuunga mkono mgombea yeyote, katika Chuo cha Wapiga Kura wa Urais cha Marekani. Alidai kuwa hakukuwa na sharti lililolazimisha bunge kuheshimu matokeo ya kura za wananchi. Hata hivyo, bunge halikukubali pendekezo lake. Mwaka 1961, Treen alisisitiza kuwa kundi lake la kutetea haki za majimbo halikuwa na uhusiano na Chama cha Kitaifa cha Haki za Majimbo (National States' Rights Party), ambacho alikielezea kuwa kililitia aibu jina la haki za majimbo. Hata hivyo, baadaye alijiondoa katika Chama cha Haki za Majimbo cha Louisiana kwa sababu aliamini kuwa chama hicho kilikuwa na misimamo ya chuki dhidi ya Wayahudi<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=_9zCDgAAQBAJ&q=Treen&pg=PA71&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Treen&f=false</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Marekani]] pg56zse97z47gg9zoteck90prb2abkn 0 256066 1611301 1611225 2026-10-26T12:48:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jefferson Rowe Thompson''', anayejulikana kama Jeff R. Thompson (alizaliwa tarehe 10 Machi [[1965]]), ni wakili kutoka [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama jaji katika Mahakama ya Rufani ya [[Louisiana]] ya Mzunguko wa Pili tangu mwaka 2019. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Republican, alihudumu katika Mahakama ya Wilaya ya 26 ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2019, na alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 2012 hadi 2015<ref>http://votesmart.org/candidate/biography/108814/jeff-thompson#.U_fpEctAQ5s</ref>. Katika uchaguzi maalumu uliofanyika tarehe 30 Machi 2019, Thompson alichaguliwa kuwa [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Rufani ya Mzunguko wa Pili kwa kupata asilimia 76 ya kura, ili kukamilisha muda uliobaki wa muhula wa jaji aliyekuwa ameondoka madarakani kabla ya muda wake kuisha. Mwezi Novemba 2020, alichaguliwa bila kupingwa kwa muhula kamili wa miaka kumi katika mahakama hiyo. Mahakama hiyo inahudumia parokia 20 za kaskazini kabisa mwa Louisiana, kuanzia mpaka wa [[Texas]] hadi mpaka wa [[Mississippi]]. == Maisha ya kisiasa == Thompson alichaguliwa kuingia katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana mwaka 2011. Aligombea nafasi hiyo baada ya Jane H. Smith, mwanachama wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Bossier City ambaye muda wake wa kuhudumu ulikuwa umefikia kikomo, kuamua kugombea kiti katika Seneti ya Louisiana, lakini hakufanikiwa. Thompson alimshinda mgombea mwenzake wa Republican, Michael Durrell “Duke” Lowrie (aliyezaliwa Aprili 1970), kwa kura 4,991, sawa na asilimia 56.8, dhidi ya kura 3,803, sawa na asilimia 43.3. Wakati huohuo, Smith alishindwa na Barrow Peacock, mfanyabiashara wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Shreveport, katika uchaguzi wa kuwania kiti cha Seneti ya Louisiana kilichoachwa wazi na B. L. “Buddy” Shaw. Mwaka 2008, Thompson aligombea bila mafanikio kiti cha wilaya ya nne ya uchaguzi ya Louisiana katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani. Kiti hicho kilikuwa wazi baada ya mwakilishi aliyekuwepo, Jim McCrery, kujiuzulu ili kufanya kazi ya ushawishi wa kisiasa. Thompson alishika nafasi ya tatu katika uchaguzi wa mchujo. Kiti hicho kilichukuliwa na John C. Fleming, daktari na mfanyabiashara wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Minden, aliyekihudumia hadi mwaka 2017. Katika majira ya kuchipua ya mwaka 2012, Thompson, akiwa mwakilishi, alipendekeza marekebisho ya muswada wa kupinga uonevu uliowasilishwa na Patricia Smith, mwanachama wa Chama cha Democratic kutoka Baton Rouge. Wapinzani wa muswada huo wenye misimamo ya kihafidhina walidai kuwa baadhi ya vipengele vyake vilikinzana na maamuzi ya Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani kuhusu uhuru wa kujieleza. Marekebisho yaliyopendekezwa na Thompson yaliondoa sehemu za muswada zilizotaja wazi marufuku ya uonevu unaohusiana na mwelekeo wa kingono, ulemavu na rangi pekee. Smith alisema kuwa marekebisho hayo yaliondoa kwa kiasi kikubwa lengo kuu la sheria hiyo, hivyo akaondoa muswada huo ili usiendelee kujadiliwa. Thompson alipinga uonevu shuleni kwa sababu yoyote ile na alifanya kazi kulinda fursa za elimu kwa watoto wote. Akiwa mwakilishi, Thompson alikuwa mjumbe wa kamati za Baraza la Wawakilishi zinazoshughulikia elimu, usalama wa ndani, mapato na matumizi ya serikali, pamoja na masuala ya kijeshi na maveterani. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Baraza la Wawakilishi na Seneti kuhusu Usalama wa Ndani<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120514130100/http://theadvocate.com/home/2606631-125/changes-doom-bullying-proposal</ref>. Thompson alikuwa miongoni mwa viongozi wa bunge la Louisiana waliochukua hatua kushughulikia tatizo la zaidi ya pauni milioni 17 za kemikali zinazotumika kama kichocheo cha mwako, ambazo zilikuwa zimehifadhiwa isivyofaa na kinyume cha sheria katika kambi ya kijeshi ya Camp Minden, karibu na Doyline, Louisiana. Mrithi wake katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana, Mike Johnson, baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa mwakilishi wa wilaya ya nne ya uchaguzi ya Louisiana katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani. Johnson baadaye alichaguliwa kuwa [[Spika]] wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1965|}} [[Jamii:wanasheria wa Marekani]] 5tc8ouiczjjqd249hemegc684b710dr 0 256082 1611302 1611250 2026-10-26T12:49:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Wynerth Summers''' (5 Septemba [[1914]] – 26 Januari [[1993]]) alikuwa [[jaji]] msaidizi wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya [[Louisiana]] kuanzia tarehe 12 Desemba 1960 hadi 31 Desemba 1978. Baadaye alikuwa Jaji Mkuu wa mahakama hiyo kuanzia tarehe 1 Januari 1979 hadi 29 Februari 1980<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190609025424/http://www.lasc.org/Bicentennial/justices/Summers_Frank.aspx</ref>. == Maisha ya awali, elimu na utumishi wa kijeshi == Summers alizaliwa mjini [[Abbeville]], Louisiana, nchini [[Marekani]], akiwa mtoto wa Clay Ralph Summers na Esther LeBlanc. Alisoma katika shule za umma za Abbeville na mwaka 1936 alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika Taasisi ya Southwestern Louisiana. Akiwa chuoni, alishiriki katika michezo ya soka na riadha. Mwaka 1938, alipata shahada ya sheria katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, kisha akaanza kufanya kazi ya uwakili mjini Abbeville. Summers alikuwa mwanachama wa akiba wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani. Aliitwa kwenye utumishi wa kijeshi na kutumwa katika eneo la Pasifiki wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Mwanzoni alifanya kazi katika Ofisi ya Ujasusi wa Jeshi la Wanamaji, kisha akawa kamanda wa meli ya kijeshi ya kutua ufukweni iliyojulikana kama ''USS LST-871''. Aliongoza meli hiyo kuanzia tarehe 15 Januari hadi 20 Oktoba 1945. Kabla ya kumaliza utumishi wake mnamo Novemba 1945, alikuwa amefikia cheo cha luteni kamanda. Baada ya kuhitimisha utumishi wa kijeshi, alirejea katika kazi ya uwakili. == Shughuli za kisiasa na utumishi wa mahakama == Summers alijihusisha zaidi na siasa. Mwaka 1952, alisimamia kampeni iliyofanikiwa ya Robert F. Kennon ya kuwania ugavana wa Louisiana. Mwaka 1960, alisimamia kampeni ya DeLesseps Story Morrison, ambayo haikufanikiwa. Pia aliunga mkono kampeni ya John F. Kennedy ya kuwania urais wa Marekani. Kuanzia Agosti 1952 hadi mwaka 1955, Summers alikuwa jaji wa Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Kumi na Tano ya Louisiana. Baadaye alirejea katika kazi ya uwakili binafsi hadi mwaka 1960, alipogombea nafasi katika Mahakama ya Juu ya Louisiana. Mnamo Oktoba 1960, alichaguliwa kuwa jaji wa mahakama hiyo na alianza kuhudumu tarehe 12 Desemba mwaka huo. Aliteuliwa kuwa Jaji Mkuu tarehe 1 Januari 1979. Katika nafasi hiyo, alichangia kwa kiasi kikubwa kuhamisha mamlaka ya kusikiliza rufaa za kesi za jinai kutoka Mahakama ya Juu kwenda katika mahakama za rufaa. Summers alistaafu tarehe 29 Februari 1980 ili kujikita katika kusimamia shamba la familia yao na ufugaji wa ng'ombe. == Maisha binafsi == Mnamo Juni 1940, Summers alifunga ndoa na Beverly Miller, na walipata watoto sita. Alifariki nyumbani kwake mjini Abbeville akiwa na umri wa miaka 78. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1993]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:wanasheria wa Marekani]] hm5okasymyrndezeof9g9549s2a0obn 0 256083 1611303 1611252 2026-10-26T12:49:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael David Sullivan'''<ref>https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinamerica0000unse_p8u8/page/864/mode/2up</ref> [[24 Desemba|(2 Desemba]] [[1938]] – [[27 Februari]] [[2000]]) alikuwa [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya [[Mississippi]] kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi alipofariki mwaka 2000. Aliteuliwa katika mahakama hiyo na gavana wa Mississippi, Bill Allain, mwaka 1984, na baadaye alichaguliwa tena. Kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi alipoteuliwa katika Mahakama ya Juu, alikuwa jaji wa Mahakama ya Mirathi na Usawa (''Chancery Court''). Sullivan alizaliwa mjini Hattiesburg, Mississippi, nchini [[Marekani]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Mississippi, kisha shahada ya sheria ya J.D. katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Pia alipata shahada ya uzamili katika mchakato wa kimahakama kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Virginia<ref>https://dc.law.mc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1410&context=lawreview</ref>. Mwaka 1960, alijiunga na Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani na kulitumikia hadi mwaka 1963. Katika kipindi hicho, alihudumu ndani ya meli ya kivita ya ''USS Mitscher''. Wakati alipoteuliwa katika Mahakama ya Juu ya Mississippi tarehe 16 Februari 1984, Sullivan alikuwa jaji wa Mahakama ya Mirathi na Usawa katika wilaya ya kumi ya jimbo hilo. Katika uchaguzi wa Novemba 1984, aligombea bila kuwa na mpinzani na akachaguliwa kuendelea na nafasi hiyo. Picha yake ya kuchorwa na msanii Bill Wilson iliagizwa kwa ajili ya Mahakama ya Juu ya Mississippi. == Maisha binafsi == Sullivan alifunga ndoa na Nancy Ezelle Sullivan, na walipata watoto wawili, David Paul na Rachel Michel. Baadaye walitalikiana. Kisha alifunga ndoa na Catherine Carter Sullivan, ambaye alipata naye watoto wawili, Margaret Elizabeth na Sarah Catherine. Sullivan alifariki kutokana na saratani ya mapafu nyumbani kwake mjini Jackson, Mississippi, tarehe 27 Februari 2000, akiwa na umri wa miaka 61. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:wanasheria wa Marekani]] eemuozbgt3fdimwzpk6wx5yxxlyktzh 0 256084 1611304 1611254 2026-10-26T12:50:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alonzo Holmes Sturgeon''' (13 Desemba [[1931]] – 17 Desemba [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyehudumu kama mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Mississippi]]<ref>http://www.sturgeonandsturgeon.com/?sn=v3btfopyl601B29</ref>. == Maisha na kazi == Sturgeon alizaliwa mjini Natchez, Mississippi, nchini Marekani. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Natchez, Chuo Kikuu cha Southern Mississippi, Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, Shule ya [[Sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, Chuo Kikuu cha Mississippi na Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Mississippi, inayojulikana pia kama Ole Miss Law. Sturgeon alikuwa wakili. Mwaka 1963, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mississippi, akiwakilisha Kaunti ya Wilkinson katika jimbo hilo. Pia alichangia katika kuanzishwa kwa huduma ya televisheni ya elimu ya Mississippi, inayojulikana kama ''Mississippi Educational Television''. Sturgeon alifariki mjini Baton Rouge, Louisiana, mwezi Desemba 2010, akiwa na umri wa miaka 79<ref>http://www.sturgeonandsturgeon.com/?sn=v3btfopyl601B29</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] cbphgiodpbcm2hlsk8i2m4owjv4r86m 0 256085 1611305 1611255 2026-10-26T12:50:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Amele Hutson''' (alizaliwa [[19 Januari]] [[1967]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa sherifu wa Parokia ya Orleans, [[Louisiana]], kuanzia tarehe 2 Mei 2022 hadi 4 Mei 2026. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani, Hutson alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushika nafasi hiyo. Kabla ya kuwa sherifu, alifanya kazi katika juhudi za kurekebisha mfumo wa haki ya jinai na kusimamia uwajibikaji wa polisi<ref>https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/were-making-history-susan-hutson-becomes-first-woman-to-serve-as-orleans-parish-sheriff/article_25558b6c-ca57-11ec-9c5e-678d530f2362.html</ref>. Hutson alichaguliwa kuwa sherifu wa Parokia ya Orleans mwaka 2021 baada ya kumshinda Marlin Gusman, aliyekuwa ameshikilia nafasi hiyo kwa mihula minne. Alipoteza uchaguzi wa kutetea nafasi yake mwaka 2025 dhidi ya Michelle Woodfork, aliyewahi kuwa mkuu wa polisi wa muda. Katika uchaguzi huo, Hutson alipata idadi ya tatu kwa wingi ya kura baada ya kipindi chake cha uongozi kukumbwa na changamoto mbalimbali. Mnamo Aprili 2026, mahakama kuu ya majaji maalumu ilimfungulia mashtaka 30 ya makosa makubwa ya jinai, yakiwemo matumizi mabaya ya madaraka, kuzuia utekelezaji wa haki na makosa yanayohusiana na udanganyifu. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Hutson alizaliwa mjini Philadelphia, katika jimbo la [[Pennsylvania]], Marekani, na kukulia mjini [[Houston, Texas]]. Mwaka 1989, alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Pennsylvania. Baadaye, mwaka 1992, alihitimu katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane<ref>https://www.fox8live.com/2026/04/30/warrants-accuse-orleans-sheriff-repeatedly-ignoring-jail-warnings-before-inmate-escape/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] tf3j5elic7vae2uwk9uq0wjcpsbg9ny 0 256086 1611306 1611256 2026-10-26T12:51:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mike Tannenbaum''' (alizaliwa [[14 Februari]] [[1969]]) ni mchambuzi wa kitaalamu wa [[mchezo]] wa [[soka]] la [[Marekani]] na aliyekuwa kiongozi katika usimamizi wa timu za mchezo huo. Alihudumu kama [[makamu wa rais]] mtendaji wa shughuli za soka la Marekani katika timu ya Miami Dolphins kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2018. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa meneja mkuu wa timu ya [[New York]] Jets inayoshiriki katika Ligi ya Taifa ya Soka la Marekani (NFL). Tannenbaum alianzisha shirika la The 33rd Team, ambalo linajieleza kama taasisi ya uchambuzi na utafiti wa mchezo wa soka la Marekani. Kwa sasa, anafanya kazi kama mchambuzi wa NFL katika kituo cha televisheni cha ESPN. == Elimu == Tannenbaum alihitimu katika Shule ya Upili ya Needham, iliyoko Needham, [[Massachusetts]], mwaka 1987. Alipata shahada ya uhasibu na kusomea pia usimamizi wa michezo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Massachusetts Amherst. Baadaye, alihitimu kwa matokeo mazuri katika Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alipata cheti cha sheria ya michezo<ref>https://www.espn.com/new-york/nfl/story/_/id/6861314/is-new-york-jets-gm-mike-tannenbaum-prepping-another-august-surprise</ref>. == Kazi == === Pittsfield Mets === Katika msimu wa mwaka 1991, Tannenbaum alifanya kazi kama mwanafunzi wa mafunzo kwa vitendo katika timu ya Pittsfield Mets, iliyokuwa ikishiriki katika ligi ndogo za mchezo wa besiboli. === Cleveland Browns === Tannenbaum alifanya kazi katika idara ya usimamizi wa wachezaji ya timu ya Cleveland Browns, akifanya kazi kama msaidizi chini ya Michael Lombardi. === New Orleans Saints === Akiwa anasoma katika shule ya sheria, Tannenbaum alifanya mafunzo kwa vitendo katika idara ya usimamizi wa wachezaji ya timu ya New Orleans Saints. Mwaka 1996, alifanya kazi katika timu hiyo kama msaidizi wa masuala ya wachezaji. === New York Jets === Tarehe 19 Februari 1997, Tannenbaum aliajiriwa na timu ya New York Jets kuwa mkurugenzi wa mazungumzo ya mikataba ya wachezaji. Katika miaka iliyofuata, alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali za kiutawala ndani ya timu hiyo, zikiwemo makamu wa rais mwandamizi wa shughuli za soka la Marekani na msaidizi wa meneja mkuu. Mwaka 2006, Tannenbaum alimrithi Terry Bradway katika nafasi ya meneja mkuu wa New York Jets. Baadaye, Tannenbaum alisaini mkataba wa kuongeza muda wa utumishi wake hadi mwaka 2014. Hata hivyo, baada ya mchezo wa mwisho wa msimu wa kawaida wa NFL wa mwaka 2012, mmiliki wa New York Jets, Woody Johnson, alitangaza kwamba Tannenbaum asingerejea katika timu hiyo kwa msimu wa mwaka 2013. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] p6wpfxl0nv2k4v9qozyujohlt481rnq 0 256087 1611307 1611257 2026-10-26T12:51:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luther Johnson Strange III''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi [[1953]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyehudumu kama seneta wa Marekani kutoka jimbo la Alabama kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2018. Aliteuliwa kujaza nafasi hiyo baada ya Jeff Sessions kujiuzulu ili kushika wadhifa wa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani kufuatia kuthibitishwa kwa uteuzi wake<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111015120146/http://www.ago.state.al.us/Page-Biography</ref>. Kabla ya hapo, Strange alihudumu kama Mwanasheria Mkuu wa 47 wa jimbo la [[Alabama]] kuanzia mwaka 2011 hadi 2017. Strange aliwania nyadhifa za kisiasa katika miaka ya 2006, 2010 na 2014. Mwaka 2006, aligombea nafasi ya Makamu wa Gavana wa Alabama<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193922/http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/060426/leads.shtml</ref>. Alimshinda George Wallace Jr. katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Republican, lakini baadaye alishindwa katika uchaguzi mkuu na Jim Folsom Jr., mgombea wa Chama cha Democratic. Mwaka 2010, Strange alimshinda Mwanasheria Mkuu aliyekuwa madarakani, Troy King, katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Republican. Baadaye alishinda uchaguzi mkuu dhidi ya James Anderson, mgombea wa Chama cha Democratic, na kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Alabama. == Utumishi katika Seneti ya Marekani == Mnamo Februari 2017, Rais Donald Trump alipomteua Jeff Sessions, aliyekuwa seneta wa Alabama, kuwa Mwanasheria Mkuu wa Marekani, Gavana Robert J. Bentley alimteua Strange kujaza nafasi iliyoachwa wazi katika Seneti. Strange alishiriki katika uchaguzi maalumu uliofanyika mwaka 2017 ili kupata seneta ambaye angekamilisha muda uliobaki wa nafasi hiyo. Alifanikiwa kufika katika duru ya pili ya uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Republican, lakini alishindwa na Roy Moore, aliyekuwa jaji wa jimbo hilo. Tarehe 12 Desemba 2017, Doug Jones, mgombea wa Chama cha Democratic na aliyekuwa mwendesha mashtaka wa Marekani, alishinda uchaguzi maalumu na kuwa mrithi wa Strange. Jones alimshinda Roy Moore katika uchaguzi huo. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 0ck6v64oaxkswmnxcglkjjsplfddqn9 0 256088 1611308 1611259 2026-10-26T12:52:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Bruce Spizer''' (alizaliwa [[2 Julai]] [[1955]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] wa [[Kodi (ushuru)|kodi]] wa [[Marekani]] anayefanya kazi mjini [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Pia anatambulika kama [[mtaalamu]] wa [[historia]] ya kundi la [[muziki]] la The Beatles. Ameandika vitabu kumi na vitatu kuhusu kundi hilo na mara nyingi hunukuliwa kama mtaalamu wa historia yao na rekodi zao za muziki<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/26/books/26beat.html</ref>. == Wasifu == Spizer alizaliwa na kukulia mjini New Orleans. Alisoma katika Shule ya Isidore Newman, kisha akapata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa, shahada ya uzamili katika usimamizi wa biashara na shahada ya sheria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Akiwa chuoni, alikuwa mwanachama wa jumuiya za heshima za kitaaluma za Phi Beta Kappa na Order of the Coif. Mbali na kazi yake ya sheria, Spizer aliwahi kuwa meneja wa kundi la muziki la The Cold, lililokuwa maarufu mjini New Orleans na lililopiga muziki wa aina ya ''new wave''. Mwaka 1997, Spizer alipata kiasi kikubwa cha fedha za malipo ya kisheria kutokana na suluhu ya kesi ya madai ya pamoja. Aliamua kutumia sehemu ya fedha hizo kujenga upya mkusanyiko wake wa albamu za The Beatles aliokuwa nao tangu utotoni. Albamu zake za awali zilikuwa zimeharibiwa na mende, hivyo akanunua albamu mpya za matoleo ya kwanza<ref>nola.com/_services/v1/client_captcha/challenge?request=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJleHAiOjE3OTMwMDc0MjYsImlhdCI6MTc5MzAwNzEyNiwicmVkaXJlY3QiOiIvZW50ZXJ0YWlubWVudC9pbmRleC5zc2YvMjAwOS8wOC9uZXdfb3JsZWFuc19sYXd5ZXJfY3JlYXRlc190aGUuaHRtbCIsInNlcnZpY2UiOiJfbGJfcmF0ZV9jbXNhcHBfZm9yZWlnbiIsInNpdGUiOiJ3d3cubm9sYS5jb20ifQ.Gw0oyN4kM_7WIogHs7MPvbc8nyIa76muFkL-QQT01a8</ref>. Kupitia shauku yake ya kukusanya rekodi za muziki za The Beatles, alianza kuandika na kuchapisha mwenyewe kitabu chake cha kwanza, ''The Beatles Records on Vee-Jay''. Kitabu hicho kinaeleza uhusiano kati ya kampuni ya EMI, iliyokuwa ikisambaza rekodi za kundi hilo nchini Uingereza, na Vee-Jay Records, kampuni ya Marekani iliyotoa rekodi zao za kwanza nchini humo. Kufikia mwaka 2020, Spizer alikuwa ameandika na kuchapisha vitabu kumi na viwili kuhusu The Beatles. Vitabu vyake vimeelezwa na mkaguzi wa kitabu wa gazeti la ''The New York Times'' kuwa na maelezo mengi kuhusu rekodi za kundi hilo zilizotolewa Marekani na ziara yao ya kwanza nchini humo. Vitabu hivyo pia vinazungumzia mikataba, kesi za kisheria na vifaa vya matangazo, vikiwa na vielelezo vingi. Gazeti la ''New York Daily News'' lilieleza kitabu chake ''The Beatles' Story on Capitol Records'' kuwa ndoto ya wakusanyaji wa vitu vinavyohusiana na The Beatles, kilichoandikwa na mkusanyaji na mwanahistoria mwenye shauku kubwa kuhusu kundi hilo. Vitabu vya Spizer kuhusu rekodi za The Beatles zilizotolewa na Capitol Records vilichapishwa katika juzuu mbili mwaka 2000. Juzuu hizo zilikuwa ''Part One, Beatlemania & The Singles'' na ''Part Two, The Albums''. Mwaka 2003, alichapisha ''The Beatles On Apple Records'', kilichoeleza rekodi zilizotolewa na kampuni ya Apple Records, iliyomilikiwa na kundi hilo. Mwaka 2004, alitoa kitabu ''The Beatles Are Coming!'' kuadhimisha miaka 40 tangu kundi hilo lilipowasili Marekani. Mwaka 2005, alichapisha ''The Beatles Solo on Apple Records'', kilichokusanya taarifa kuhusu rekodi za solo za John Lennon, George Harrison, Ringo Starr na Paul McCartney zilizotolewa kati ya mwaka 1968 na 1975. Mwaka 2007, alichapisha ''The Beatles Swan Song: "She Loves You" & Other Records''. Kitabu hicho kinaeleza kuhusu rekodi za The Beatles zilizotolewa Marekani kupitia kampuni za Swan, United Artists, Decca, MGM, Atco na Polydor. Pia kinatoa taarifa kuhusu albamu na nyimbo zao zilizotolewa na Capitol katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980. Mwaka 2011, Spizer alitoa kitabu ''Beatles For Sale On Parlophone'', kinachoandika historia ya rekodi za The Beatles zilizotolewa nchini Uingereza kati ya mwaka 1962 na 1970. Kitabu hicho kinajumuisha pia rekodi za EP za kampuni ya Parlophone ambazo, kwa mujibu wa Spizer, hazikuwa zimeelezwa kwa usahihi katika vitabu vilivyotangulia. Mwaka 2017, alichapisha ''The Beatles and 'Sgt. Pepper': A Fans' Perspective'', sanjari na maadhimisho ya miaka 50 tangu kutolewa kwa albamu ''Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band'', iliyokuwa na mchango mkubwa katika historia ya muziki. Spizer pia amewahi kuwa mshauri wa EMI na Apple Records katika utoaji upya wa CD za rekodi za The Beatles zilizotolewa kwa matoleo ya soko la Marekani. Aliandika maandishi ya kijitabu kilichoambatana na mkusanyiko wa CD ''The Capitol Albums, Volume 2'' uliotolewa mwaka 2006, pamoja na orodha yenye maelezo ya rekodi iliyoambatana na toleo la ''Box of Vision'' la mwaka 2009. Mwaka 2015, alichangia katika toleo jipya la albamu ''1'' ya The Beatles kwa kutoa nakala zilizochanganuliwa za majalada ya picha ya baadhi ya nyimbo zao zilizotolewa katika nchi mbalimbali. Pia alichaguliwa kuandika maswali 2,592 kwa toleo maalumu la The Beatles la mchezo wa ubao wa ''Trivial Pursuit''. Spizer amewahi kuonekana katika vipindi vya televisheni, vikiwemo ''The Early Show'' cha CBS, Fox News na ''Good Morning America''. Pia ameshiriki katika kipindi cha habari cha redio ya umma ya Marekani, ''All Things Considered'', kinachorushwa na National Public Radio. Utaalamu wake kuhusu The Beatles umetajwa katika machapisho mbalimbali, yakiwemo magazeti na majarida ya ''Rolling Stone'', ''The Guardian'', ''The New York Times'' na ''Time''. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] hg6ywjp9lsocucgzv4hs4fdr2mo26vi 0 256107 1611286 2026-10-26T12:09:34Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robin John Heming''' ([[11 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[7 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa rugby union wa Lock/No.8 kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye alicheza mechi 21 za majaribio kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Australia kati ya 1961 na 1967.<ref>Pollard, J.,''Australian Rugby: The Game and the Players'', Ironbark, 1994</ref> Alizaliwa huko Namatanai iliyopo New Ireland nje ya eneo la ardhi ya zamani ya New Guinea ya Australia (sasa [[Papua New Guinea]])....' 1611286 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin John Heming''' ([[11 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[7 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa rugby union wa Lock/No.8 kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye alicheza mechi 21 za majaribio kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Australia kati ya 1961 na 1967.<ref>Pollard, J.,''Australian Rugby: The Game and the Players'', Ironbark, 1994</ref> Alizaliwa huko Namatanai iliyopo New Ireland nje ya eneo la ardhi ya zamani ya New Guinea ya Australia (sasa [[Papua New Guinea]]). Alisoma katika shule ya North Sydney Boys High School<ref>NSBHS Leaving Certificate 1950</ref> na kufuzu kama mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] katika chuo ambacho sasa ni The University of New South Wales. Alifanya kazi hiyo kwa miaka mingi huko The Corso iliyopo Manly.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref> == Kazi ya rugby == Baada ya kukosa sifa chache za kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Melbourne kama mwogeleaji mnamo 1956, Heming alijiunga na klabu ya rugby ya Manly Marlins, na kuingia katika kikosi cha daraja la kwanza katika msimu wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika nafasi ya No.8.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Aliendelea kucheza michezo 132 ya daraja la kwanza kwa ajili ya Manly kati ya 1956 na 1969. Alichaguliwa kwa ajili ya majaribio ya Wallaby ya 1957-58, na akaanza kuchezea timu ya NSW Waratahs mnamo 1957. Kuanzisha biashara yake ya optometria mwaka huo kulimfanya asiweze kupatikana kwa ajili ya ziara ya New Zealand ya 1958.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alianza kuchezea Australia dhidi ya Fiji katika majaribio ya pili huko Sydney mnamo 1961, na akaenda kwenye ziara fupi ya Afrika Kusini baadaye mwaka huo, na akacheza dhidi ya timu ya kwanza ya wageni ya Ufaransa nchini Australia mwishoni mwa msimu huo. Alicheza katika majaribio ya Sydney dhidi ya All Blacks mnamo 1962, na akafanya ziara nchini New Zealand mwaka huo na 1964.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Alienda tena Afrika Kusini mnamo 1963, na akashiriki katika ziara ya tano ya Wallaby ya Visiwa vya Uingereza, Ufaransa na Kanada mnamo 1966/7. Pia alicheza katika mfululizo wa kihistoria wa nyumbani wa mwaka 1965 dhidi ya Springboks (ushindi wa kwanza wa mfululizo kwa Australia dhidi ya Afrika Kusini), na dhidi ya timu iliyotembelea ya British Lions mnamo 1966. Alistaafu kucheza rugby ya kimataifa baada ya majaribio ya Ufaransa ya 1967 huko Paris kwenye ziara ya 1966-7.<ref>[https://www.classicwallabies.com.au/players/robin-john-heming Robin John Heming Biography]; classicwallabies.com.au</ref><ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa mrukaji bora zaidi wa lineout katika enzi ya wachezaji wa kujitolea (amateur era).<ref>''Sometimes the Best Ever: The Story of the 1966/7 Wallabies''; documentary by Theo Clark Media, 2017.</ref> Kapteni wa Wallaby John Thornett alimwona kama sehemu ya msingi wenye vipaji vya "wachezaji bora duniani katika nafasi zao" ambao walisaidia timu yake kupata mafanikio ya kihistoria katika miaka ya 1960. Mchezaji mwenzake na mkurugenzi wa ukocha wa taifa wa muda mrefu Dick Marks alimwona kuwa "mrukaji binafsi" bora zaidi kuwahi kuonekana.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alifariki dunia mnamo [[7 Januari]] [[2023]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ Rob Heming]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] 6kszaxydvwes7gh0xi9xfpztbpza609 1611309 1611286 2026-10-26T12:53:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin John Heming''' ([[11 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[7 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa rugby union wa Lock/No.8 kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye alicheza mechi 21 za majaribio kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Australia kati ya 1961 na 1967.<ref>Pollard, J.,''Australian Rugby: The Game and the Players'', Ironbark, 1994</ref> Alizaliwa huko Namatanai iliyopo New Ireland nje ya eneo la ardhi ya zamani ya New Guinea ya Australia (sasa [[Papua New Guinea]]). Alisoma katika shule ya North Sydney Boys High School<ref>NSBHS Leaving Certificate 1950</ref> na kufuzu kama mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] katika chuo ambacho sasa ni The University of New South Wales. Alifanya kazi hiyo kwa miaka mingi huko The Corso iliyopo Manly.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref> == Kazi ya rugby == Baada ya kukosa sifa chache za kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Melbourne kama mwogeleaji mnamo 1956, Heming alijiunga na klabu ya rugby ya Manly Marlins, na kuingia katika kikosi cha daraja la kwanza katika msimu wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika nafasi ya No.8.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Aliendelea kucheza michezo 132 ya daraja la kwanza kwa ajili ya Manly kati ya 1956 na 1969. Alichaguliwa kwa ajili ya majaribio ya Wallaby ya 1957-58, na akaanza kuchezea timu ya NSW Waratahs mnamo 1957. Kuanzisha biashara yake ya optometria mwaka huo kulimfanya asiweze kupatikana kwa ajili ya ziara ya New Zealand ya 1958.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alianza kuchezea Australia dhidi ya Fiji katika majaribio ya pili huko Sydney mnamo 1961, na akaenda kwenye ziara fupi ya Afrika Kusini baadaye mwaka huo, na akacheza dhidi ya timu ya kwanza ya wageni ya Ufaransa nchini Australia mwishoni mwa msimu huo. Alicheza katika majaribio ya Sydney dhidi ya All Blacks mnamo 1962, na akafanya ziara nchini New Zealand mwaka huo na 1964.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Alienda tena Afrika Kusini mnamo 1963, na akashiriki katika ziara ya tano ya Wallaby ya Visiwa vya Uingereza, Ufaransa na Kanada mnamo 1966/7. Pia alicheza katika mfululizo wa kihistoria wa nyumbani wa mwaka 1965 dhidi ya Springboks (ushindi wa kwanza wa mfululizo kwa Australia dhidi ya Afrika Kusini), na dhidi ya timu iliyotembelea ya British Lions mnamo 1966. Alistaafu kucheza rugby ya kimataifa baada ya majaribio ya Ufaransa ya 1967 huko Paris kwenye ziara ya 1966-7.<ref>[https://www.classicwallabies.com.au/players/robin-john-heming Robin John Heming Biography]; classicwallabies.com.au</ref><ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa mrukaji bora zaidi wa lineout katika enzi ya wachezaji wa kujitolea (amateur era).<ref>''Sometimes the Best Ever: The Story of the 1966/7 Wallabies''; documentary by Theo Clark Media, 2017.</ref> Kapteni wa Wallaby John Thornett alimwona kama sehemu ya msingi wenye vipaji vya "wachezaji bora duniani katika nafasi zao" ambao walisaidia timu yake kupata mafanikio ya kihistoria katika miaka ya 1960. Mchezaji mwenzake na mkurugenzi wa ukocha wa taifa wa muda mrefu Dick Marks alimwona kuwa "mrukaji binafsi" bora zaidi kuwahi kuonekana.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alifariki dunia mnamo [[7 Januari]] [[2023]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><ref>[https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ Rob Heming]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Australia]] 6090ynhx7zcaculkgkduiqla0ub4yoe 0 256108 1611288 2026-10-26T12:16:29Z Lucygwen.gillis 91295 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366481082|Water pan]]" 1611288 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Lambo la maji ni bwawa dogo linalokusanya na kuhifadhi maji ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi. Maji hayo hutumika kwa matumizi ya binadamu, matumizi ya nyumbani, kunyweshea mifugo au shughuli za kilimo, kama sehemu ya uvunaji wa maji ya mvua.<ref>''Critchley, W (1991). Water Harvesting: A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). p. 17.''</ref>Kwa kawaida, malambo huwa ni mabonde au mabwawa yaliyo wazi ambayo hayajawekewa sakafu maalumu ya kuzuia upotevu wa maji ardhini. Malambo mengi hujazwa upya na maji ya mvua ya msimu pamoja na maji yanayotiririka juu na chini ya ardhi, huku baadhi yake yakipokea maji kutoka kwenye kina kirefu cha maji ya chini ya ardhi. Malambo yanaweza kutokea kiasili katika maeneo yenye mabonde au yanaweza kujengwa kikamilifu au kwa sehemu na binadamu. Malambo yaliyojengwa mara nyingi huwa na mfereji wa kuingiza maji unaochimbwa mahsusi ili kuelekeza maji ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi kwenda lamboni, hivyo kuongeza ujazo wa maji yanayokusanyika. [[Faili:Waterpan_KK.jpg|thumb|295x295px| Mchoro wa dhana wa lambo la maji unaoonyesha michakato yake ya kihaidrolojia, mwingiliano wa maji ya ardhini, vipengele vya kimuundo, na matumizi makuu ya maji.]] Mabwawa haya madogo yanaweza kuwa na tabaka maalumu la kuzuia maji kupenya ardhini na hutumika kwa kilimo cha kiwango kidogo, kama chanzo cha maji ya kunyweshea mifugo, au kama njia mbadala ya maji inayolenga kuwazuia mifugo kuingia katika maeneo nyeti ya mazingira.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mutua |first=Christine |last2=Boitt |first2=Mark |date=2017-06 |title=Suitability Analysis of Water Pan Sites for Pastoralists: A Case Study of Kajiado County in Kenya |url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=6047 |journal=Universal Journal of Geoscience |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=65–72 |doi=10.13189/ujg.2017.050303 |issn=2331-9593}}</ref> Ujenzi wa malambo kwa kawaida hufanyika kutokana na mahitaji na vipaumbele vya jamii vya kupata maji katika maeneo ya mbali yasiyokuwa na huduma rasmi ya maji.^{<ref>{{cite book|title=Water Harvesting in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2013|isbn=978-1-136-27306-3|editor-last1=Critchley|editor-first1=William|doi=10.4324/9780203109984|editor-last2=Gowing|editor-first2=John}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Malambo hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali kulingana na eneo au matumizi ya jamii. Nchini Uingereza, malambo yanayotumika kwa ajili ya mifugo mara nyingi huitwa ''[[:en:Dew_pond|dew pond]].'' Nchini Tanzania, hutumika majina kama ''charco ponds'' au kwa Kiswahili huitwa malambo. Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, neno silanga hutumika kurejelea vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani. Aina nyingine ya lambo ni Silanka ya Ndovu, ambayo hujitokeza katika maeneo ya mabonde kutokana na mifugo au tembo kukanyaga ardhi mara kwa mara kwa muda mrefu. Nchini Sudan, malambo ya jadi yanayojulikana kama ''[[:en:Hafir|Hafir]]'' hujengwa na kutumika kama mabirika ya kunyweshea mifugo, pamoja na matumizi ya kilimo na mahitaji ya nyumbani. == '''<big>Matumizi na umuhimu wa malambo</big>''' == Barani Afrika, Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara, asilimia 80 ya watu waishio vijijini hawapati huduma ya maji ya bomba yanayotolewa na mamlaka husika.<ref name="LoC">{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref> Jamii hutumia malambo kukusanya na kuhifadhi maji, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini na yenye ukame ambako huduma rasmi za maji hazipo au hazitoshelezi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya’s Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2026-10-26}}</ref> Kwa kupunguza umbali wa kufuata maji, malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji na kupunguza mzigo, hususan kwa wanawake na watoto ambao mara nyingi huhusika katika kutafuta na kupeleka maji majumbani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gendered Burden of Water Collection in Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2024/03/13/gendered-burden-of-water-collection-in-afe-afw-sub-saharan-africa|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye ukame mkubwa au wakati wa vipindi virefu vya ukame, malambo yanaweza kuwa chanzo pekee cha maji kinachopatikana kwa watu na wanyama.^{<ref>{{cite book|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/6672441/reengaging-agricultural-water-management-challenges-options|title=Reengaging in Agricultural Water Management|date=2006|isbn=978-0-8213-6498-7|doi=10.1596/978-0-8213-6498-7}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Coping with water scarcity: an action framework for agriculture and food security|last=Steduto|first=Pasquale|date=2012|publisher=FAO|others=Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|isbn=978-92-5-107304-9|series=FAO water reports|location=Rome}}</ref>} Malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji kwa uhakika zaidi katika jamii zinazoishi maeneo yenye uhaba wa maji, na hutumika kwa madhumuni mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi ya nyumbani kama vile kunywa, kupika na kufua, pamoja na mifugo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berger |first1=Rachel |date=March 2003 |title=Conflict over natural resources among pastoralists in northern Kenya: a look at recent initiatives in conflict resolution |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=245–257 |doi=10.1002/jid.985}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Kamau|first1=Mercy Wairimu|title=Natural Resource As A Source Of Conflict- Case Study In Northern Kenya (2012–2016)|date=2018|hdl=11295/105834|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke akichota maji katika lambo la Kamau, Tarime, Tanzania.]] Jamii za wafugaji hutumia msururu wa malambo kusaidia ufugaji wa mifugo kwa idadi kubwa,^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyariki |first1=D. M. |last2=Amwata |first2=D. A. |date=December 2019 |title=The value of pastoralism in Kenya: Application of total economic value approach |journal=Pastoralism |volume=9 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019Pasto...9....9N |doi=10.1186/s13570-019-0144-x |doi-access=free |article-number=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya's Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Kabelo |first2=Adan |last3=Michlig |first3=Georgia |last4=Abdi |first4=Fatuma |last5=Tombo |first5=Irène |last6=Reich |first6=Abigail |last7=Shukri |first7=Abdullahi |last8=Swartz |first8=Haley |last9=Fanzo |first9=Jessica |date=2025 |title='The future for pastoralists is dark unless something is done': illuminating the constraints and opportunities for a climate-resilient future for Kenyan pastoralists |journal=Ecology and Society |volume=30 |issue=2 |doi=10.5751/ES-16073-300239 |article-number=art39}}</ref>} huku baadhi ya malambo yakitumika kwa shughuli za ufugaji wa samaki. Katika maeneo ya uhifadhi, malambo mara nyingi huchimbwa ili kutoa maji kwa ajili ya wanyamapori, pamoja na kusaidia ufugaji wa kiwango kidogo. ^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref>} == '''Ujenzi na matengenezo ya malambo''' == Malambo mengi yamejengwa kwa njia zisizo rasmi, mara nyingi kwa kutumia vifaa vinavyopatikana katika maeneo husika na nguvu kazi ya jamii. Malambo mengine hujengwa kwa kuzingatia taratibu na miundo iliyoidhinishwa na mamlaka za serikali.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://library.tukenya.ac.ke/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=114007&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=154513|title=Practice manual for small Dams, Pans and other water Conservation structures in Kenya|last=Ministry of water and Irrigation|first=Kenya|date=2015|publisher=State department for water and irrigation, Government of Kenya|location=Nairobi,Kenya}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Practice Manual For Small Dams Pans and Other Water Conservation Structures in Kenya|url=https://pdfcoffee.com/practice-manual-for-small-dams-pans-and-other-water-conservation-structures-in-kenya-pdf-free.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=pdfcoffee.com|language=en}}</ref> Maeneo yanayofaa kwa ujenzi wa malambo ni yale yenye udongo wa mfinyanzi kwa kiwango kikubwa au udongo wa tope, ambako maji ya mvua yanayotiririka hukusanyika wakati wa msimu wa mvua, na maeneo yenye mteremko mwepesi usiozidi asilimia 4%.<ref name=":0" />  Uendelevu wa lambo unaweza kuathiriwa na ujazaji wa mchanga, hali inayohitaji utoaji wa mchanga mara kwa mara ili kurejesha uwezo wa lambo kuhifadhi maji.. Hili mara nyingi huwa tatizo kubwa hata kwa malambo yanayotumika kwa muda mfupi. Kiasi cha mchanga kinaweza kupunguzwa kupitia usanifu na matengenezo bora ya lambo kwa kuzishirikisha jamii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regional Land Management Unit|url=https://landportal.org/pt/organization/regional-land-management-unit}}{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Ingawa bado hayatumiwi kwa kiwango kikubwa, matumizi ya mbinu za asili (''[[:en:Nature-based_solutions|Nature-based solutions]]'') yanaweza kuongeza muda wa matumizi na uendelevu wa malambo.^{<ref>{{cite report|last1=Collins|first1=N.|last2=van Zanten|first2=B.|last3=Onah|first3=I.|last4=Marsters|first4=L.|last5=Jungman|first5=L.|last6=Hunter|first6=R.|last7=von Turkovich|first7=N.|last8=Anderson|first8=J.|last9=Vidad|first9=G.|last10=Gartner|first10=T.|last11=Jongmanrtner|first11=B.|title=Growing Resilience: Unlocking the Potential of Nature-based Solutions for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=14 March 2025|doi=10.1596/42952|doi-access=free|hdl=10986/42952|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Hii inaweza kusaidia kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na kuchangia maendeleo ya vijijini. Malambo yanaweza kutoa huduma za mfumo wa ikolojia zinazofanana na zile zinazotolewa na maeneo oevu. Kwa mfano, matete na mimea inayoota pembezoni mwa lambo inaweza kufanya kazi kama ukanda-kinga unaozuia mchanga na vichafuzi, kama vile virutubisho na metali nzito, kuingia kwenye maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kola |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Munyai |first2=Caswell |last3=Dalu |first3=Tatenda |date=28 May 2025 |title=A review of macrophyte phytoremediation in Africa: current research and challenges |journal=Chemistry and Ecology |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=710–728 |bibcode=2025ChEco..41..710K |doi=10.1080/02757540.2025.2470315}}</ref> Malambo pia hutoa makazi kwa aina mbalimbali za wanyama na mimea, kuanzia viumbe wadogo wasiyoonekana kwa macho hadi wanyama wakubwa kama viboko, na huchangia upatikanaji wa chakula kwa ndege wanaoishi katika maeneo hayo na ndege wanaohama kutoka maeneo mengine. == '''Haidrolojia ya malambo''' == Kiwango cha maji katika lambo kinaweza kubadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa kulingana na kiasi cha maji kinachoingia pamoja na kile kinachotoka lamboni. Baadhi ya malambo hukauka kwa msimu kutokana na mwenendo wa mvua au namna watu wanavyosimamia matumizi ya maji, na yanaweza kubaki makavu kwa miezi kadhaa au hata miaka. Chanzo kikuu cha maji katika malambo ni maji ya mvua, huku kiasi na wingi wa maji yanayotiririka vikitegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa mwingiliano kati ya mvua, sura ya nchi, hali ya uoto, aina ya udongo na miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi. Uoto wa asili na udhibiti wa mifugo katika eneo linalokusanya maji hupunguza kasi ya mtiririko wa maji na kulinda ardhi dhidi ya mmomonyoko, na hivyo kupunguza kiwango kikubwa cha mchanga yanayosafirishwa kuingia lamboni. Kiasi cha maji chini ya ardhi kinachoingia kwenye lambo hutegemea aina ya miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi, ambayo huamua mwingiliano wa maji kati ya lambo na tabaka za maji ya chini ya ardhi. Hata hivyo, kiwango cha uhusiano kati ya maji ya chini ya ardhi na malambo kwa kiasi kikubwa bado hakijulikani. Kwa kuwa malambo ni vyanzo vidogo ya maji vyenye tabia za kihaidrolojia unaofanana na mabwawa madogo, yanaweza kuathiriwa kwa urahisi hata kwa mabadiliko madogo ya tabianchi au matumizi ya ardhi. Ukame, mabadiliko ya mifumo ya mvua, upanuzi wa shughuli za kilimo au kuongezeka kwa makazi na uvamizi wa maeneo ya miji vinaweza kuathiri kiasi cha maji kinachoingia kwenye malambo. '''Baiojiokemia''' Malambo mengi hupokea virutubisho kutoka kwenye mifugo na matumizi ya ardhi ya eneo husika. Kasi ya mzunguko wa virutubisho na utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi inaweza kuwa kubwa kutokana na mwingiliano kati ya maji, mchanga na matokeo ya Wanyama na mimea. Michakato ya kikemia na kibaiolojia ni muhimu, hasa katika mabadiliko yanayohusisha kaboni na nitrojeni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Gretchen |first=Gettel |date=2022 |title=Water Pans as Hot Spots for Methane Emissions in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of East Africa |journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts |volume=2022 |bibcode=2022AGUFM.B43E..05G}}</ref> Utoaji wa gesi ya kaboni na methane kutoka kwenye malambo vinaweza kusababishwa na mabadiliko ya matumizi ya ardhi na mvua za msimu.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grenfell |first1=Suzanne |last2=Grenfell |first2=Michael |last3=Tooth |first3=Stephen |last4=Mehl |first4=Adriana |last5=O’Gorman |first5=Emily |last6=Ralph |first6=Tim |last7=Ellery |first7=William |date=August 2022 |title=Wetlands in drylands: diverse perspectives for dynamic landscapes |journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=607–622 |bibcode=2022WetEM..30..607G |doi=10.1007/s11273-022-09887-z |pmc=9362116 |pmid=35966960}}</ref> Michakato hii inaweza kusababisha kuongezeka kupita kiasi kwa virutubisho majini (eutrofikasheni), mabadiliko katika jamii za viumbe, na ongezeko la utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi, hasa pale malambo yanapotuamisha maji au kujaza kiasi kikubwa cha mabaki ya viumbe hai. Vipindi vya mafuriko na unyevu katika malambo huongeza kasi ya kutolewa kwa virutubisho na mabaki ya kikaboni yaliyofyonzwa.<ref name=":1" /> == '''Ubora wa maji ya lambo na hatari za afya ya jamii''' == Maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi, michakato ya kikemikali na kiikolojia inayotokea ndani ya lambo, vimelea vya magonjwa na uchafuzi wa mazingira huathiri ubora wa maji na hatari kwa afya ya umma zinazotokana na malambo. Ufuatiliaji wa ubora na kiasi cha maji katika malambo, ambao unaweza kusaidia kufuatilia mabadiliko na kuwezesha mikakati bora ya kukabiliana na changamoto, bado ni mdogo. Mifugo inaweza kuingiza vimelea vya magonjwa kwenye malambo na hivyo kuongeza hatari za kiafya, hasa pale watu wanapotumia maji hayo, kwa kunywa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kurui |first1=Edith J. |last2=Ogendi |first2=George M. |last3=Moturi |first3=Wilkister N. |date=September 2017 |title=Microbiological contamination of water pans in Baringo County |journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=485–494 |bibcode=2017JWSHD...7..485K |doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.258}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiragu |first=Josept M |date=2024-12-27 |title=Policy Change: From Borrow Pits to Water Pans in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands |url=http://41.89.103.50:4000/handle/123456789/1343 |journal=Laikipia University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Njugi|first=George|date=August 2020|title=Rain Water Harvesting and Its Impacts on Water Resources and Farm Productivity.|url=https://nairobiwaterfund.org/|access-date=20 May 2026|website=Nairobi Water Fund}}</ref> Kunywa maji ambayo hayajatibiwa huongeza hatari ya magonjwa yatokanayo na maji, kama vile kuhara, kipindupindu na homa ya matumbo, pamoja na maambukizi yanayosababishwa na aina mbalimbali za vimelea vya mfumo wa chakula. Bakteria wanaotumika kama viashiria vya uchafuzi wa kinyesi, hususan ''[[:en:Escherichia_coli|Escherichia coli]]'' na ''Fecal streptococcus'', hupatikana kwa kawaida katika malambo. Kemikali zenye sumu kama floridi, arseniki na risasi zimewahi kugunduliwa katika maji ya malambo. Kiwango cha uchafuzi hutegemea eneo lilipo lambo, jiolojia ya eneo hilo na ukaribu wake na viwanda, barabara na maeneo ya machimbo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rusiniak |first1=Piotr |last2=Sekuła |first2=Klaudia |last3=Sracek |first3=Ondra |last4=Stopa |first4=Piotr |date=December 2021 |title=Fluoride ions in groundwater of the Turkana County, Kenya, East Africa |journal=Acta Geochimica |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=945–960 |bibcode=2021AcGch..40..945R |doi=10.1007/s11631-021-00481-3}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye kiwango kikubwa cha floridi katika maji ya ardhini, matumizi ya maji ya malambo yanaweza kupunguza hatari ya ugonjwa wa florosis.<ref name=":23">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref> == '''Usimamizi wa malambo''' == Usimamizi endelevu wa malambo unahitaji hatua za kitaalamu na za jadi, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushirikishwaji wa jamii. Katika nchi nyingi, rasilimali za maji humilikiwa kisheria na serikali na rasilimali hizi huchukuliwa kuwa rasilimali za umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqualex|url=https://aqualex.fao.org/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=aqualex.fao.org}}</ref> Hata hivyo, jamii mara nyingi husimamia malambo kupitia vikundi vya watumiaji wa maji, mabaraza ya seerikali za mitaa au viongozi wa kimila, ambao wanaweza kuunda kanuni au sheria ndogo za eneo husika, ikiwa ni pamoja na taratibu za kugharamia matengenezo na usimamizi wa malambo.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, uhaba wa maji umehusishwa na migogoro kuhusu upatikanaji wa maji na malisho, hususan wakati wa kiangazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Governance in Pastoralist Areas of Africa|url=https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/water-governance-in-pastoralist-areas-of-africa/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Feinstein International Center, Tufts University|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KenyaWaterPan.jpg|thumb| Ng'ombe wakinywa maji katika lambo nchini Kenya wakati wa msimu wa kiangazi.]] Sababu za kawaida za migogoro ni pamoja na umiliki wa ardhi, uchafuzi wa mazingira, uchafuzi wa maji, kutengwa kwa baadhi ya jamii, kwa mfano wafugaji, pamoja na kutokuwepo kwa kanuni zilizo wazi za matumizi na upatikanaji wa maji.<ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> Usimamizi wa malambo unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa uwazi kuhusu umiliki, haki za watumiaji na ukosefu wa uratibu miongoni mwa mamlaka zinazohusika. Haki za kimila na mifumo ya jadi ya utawala mara nyingi huathiri umiliki na kanuni za upatikanaji wa maji. Matengenezo ni changamoto ya kudumu, hali inayosababisha mara kwa mara ujazaji wa mchanga, upotevu wa maji na uharibifu wa miundombinu. <ref>{{cite report|first1=Black|last1=Joshua|first2=Malesu Mabanga|last2=Maimbo|first3=Oduor Alex|last3=Raymound|author4=Cherogony Kipruto|author5=Meerman Robert|title=Rainwater Harvesting Inventory of Kenya. An overview of techniques, sustainability factor and stakeholders|date=2012|doi=10.13140/2.1.2299.5208}}</ref><ref>Mutunga, N.; Kiilu, N. (2016). ''Water Harvesting Structures and Their Sustainability in Kenya's Drylands''. ASAL Research Program Report.{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Katika maeneo ambako miundombinu hii imejengwa, sehemu za kuchotea maji kwa matumizi ya binadamu au mifugo mara nyingi huharibika na kushindwa kufanya kazi. Miradi inayofadhiliwa na taasisi za nje inaweza kusababisha migogoro, umiliki mdogo wa jamii na ukosefu wa matengenezo ya muda mrefu. Kuweka kanuni zilizo wazi na kuimarisha ushirikiano kati ya mamlaka za mitaa na serikali kunaweza kuboresha usimamizi, ingawa mara nyingi juhudi hizo hukwamishwa na uwezo mdogo wa serikali za mitaa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhalla |first1=Sophie |last2=Garrick |first2=Dustin |last3=McDermott |first3=Constance L. |date=May 2025 |title=Trust, hope, and collective action in fragile political settings: A qualitative comparative analysis of water user groups in Tunisia |journal=World Development |volume=189 |bibcode=2025WoDev.18906928B |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928 |article-number=106928}}</ref> Baadhi ya malambo yaliyojengwa huongozwa na miongozo madhubuti ya usambazaji wa maji vijijini, lakini kwa ujumla miongozo hiyo inahusu sehemu ndogo tu ya malambo yanayotoa maji kwa jamii za vijijini. Kwa mfano, nchini Kenya na Tanzania, ubia/ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na binafsi, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali au watu binafsi wanaweza kuhusika katika ujenzi wa malambo, huku umiliki ukiwa kwa mjenzi au jamii husika.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>SNV Netherlands Development Organisation (2018). ''A How-To Guide on Making a Water Pan by the Smart Water for Agriculture Programme (SWA)''. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-EUiXqChN0</ref> Katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Tanzania, watumiaji wa eneo husika mara nyingi hudai umiliki usio rasmi kwa msingi wa matumizi ya jadi ya mababu au mchango wa jamii katika ujenzi. Hata hivyo, madai haya ya kimila yanaweza kusababisha migogoro yanapokinzana na sheria za nchi au mifumo rasmi ya umiliki wa ardhi na maji.<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref> Malambo yanayosimamiwa vizuri kwa kawaida hukusanya ada kwa ajili ya matengenezo.^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaliba |first1=Aloyce R. M. |last2=Norman |first2=David W. |last3=Chang |first3=Yang-Ming |date=June 2003 |title=Willingness to pay to improve domestic water supply in rural areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for policy |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=119–132 |bibcode=2003IJSDW..10..119K |doi=10.1080/13504500309469791}}</ref>} Maji yanayoingia kwenye malambo hutoka katika maeneo ya mkusanyiko wa maji yaliyo chini ya ardhi, na kunaweza kuwa na sehemu tofauti za matumizi ya binadamu na mifugo. Hata hivyo, katika malambo mengi, watu, mifugo na wanyamapori hupata maji kutoka chanzo kimoja. Katika baadhi ya maeneo, ujenzi wa barabara unaweza kusababisha kutokea kwa malambo bila kuwepo kwa mfumo wowote wa usimamizi.   === '''Changamoto za usimamizi nchini Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania''' === Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, malambo hutumika kama vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani, mifugo na umwagiliaji wa kiwango kidogo, hasa katika maeneo yenye upatikanaji mdogo wa maji ya bomba au mito yenye maji mwaka mzima. Nchi zote mbili za Kenya na Tanzania zimejumuisha malambo katika mikakati yao ya kitaifa ya kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na maendeleo ya vijijini, huku zikitambua umuhimu wake katika sera zinazounga mkono usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya jamii.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Licha ya kuongezeka kwa uungwaji mkono wa kisera kwa malambo katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, utekelezaji wake unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na changamoto kama vile kutokuwepo kwa uwazi wa umiliki, uratibu hafifu baina ya sekta na ushirikishwaji mdogo wa jamii. Muingiliano wa majukumu kati ya taasisi mbalimbali, pamoja na upungufu wa msaada wa kitaalamu na kifedha, mara nyingi husababisha usimamizi mbaya, migogoro na hatimaye kuachwa kwa vyanzo hivyo vya maji.<ref name=":62">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Water Challenges in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa and their Management|last1=Nyika|first1=Joan|last2=Dinka|first2=Megersa Olumana|date=2023|isbn=978-3-031-26270-8|series=SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology|pages=39–55|chapter=Water Challenges in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26271-5_3}}</ref><ref>Swallow, B. et al. (2009). ''Competing Water Uses in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, Kenya''. IWMI Working Paper.</ref> Uwezo wa kitaasisi wa mashirika ya serikali yanayohusika na kuandaa kanuni za matumizi mara nyingi huwa mdogo kutokana na upungufu wa mafunzo, fedha na msaada wa kitaalamu. Sheria za kimila na mifumo ya utawala wa jadi wakati mwingine hukinzana na mifumo ya kitaifa ya usimamizi wa maji, hali inayoweza kusababisha usimamizi usioridhisha.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meinzen-Dick |first1=Ruth |date=25 September 2007 |title=Beyond panaceas in water institutions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=104 |issue=39 |pages=15200–15205 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0702296104 |pmc=2000530 |pmid=17881577 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pradhan |first1=Rajendra |last2=Meinzen-Dick |first2=Ruth |date=10 January 2003 |title=Which Rights are Right? Water Rights, Culture, and Underlying Values |journal=Water Nepal |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.3126/wn.v10i1.93}}</ref> Sera za kitaifa kama vile Sheria ya Maji ya Kenya ya mwaka 2016 na Sera ya Maji ya Tanzania ya mwaka 2002, iliyosasishwa mwaka 2025, zinajaribu kushughulikia changamoto hizi kwa kuhamishia majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya serikali za mitaa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mapungufu ya utekelezaji bado yapo, hasa katika kuoanisha sheria za kitaifa na taratibu za eneo husika, kuunganisha mifumo ya kimila na ya kisheria, na kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji kwa usawa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Water, Power and Identity|last1=Boelens|first1=Rutgerd|date=2015|isbn=978-1-317-96404-9|doi=10.4324/9781315867557}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2014). ''Water Governance Facility Thematic Paper: Water and Conflict''.</ref> Nchini Kenya, Sheria ya Maji ya mwaka 2016 inahamasisha uhamishaji wa majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji kwenda kwa serikali za kaunti na inatambua nafasi ya bodi za watumiaji wa maji kusimamia miundombinu ya maji kama vile malambo katika ngazi ya jamii.^{<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref>}  Nchini Tanzania, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya mwaka 2002 <ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Water Policy 2002|url=https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/the-national-water-policy-2002/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=PolicyVault.Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> na Sheria ya Usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji ya mwaka 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-01-01|title=Water Resources Management Act, 2009 (No. 11 of 2009); Tanzania, Un. Rep. of {{!}} Water Knowledge Hub|url=https://waterknowledgehub.org/resource/water-resources-management-act-2009-no-11-2009-tanzania-un-rep|access-date=2026-05-20|website=waterknowledgehub.org|language=en}}</ref> zinaweka msingi kwamba rasilimali za maji zinamilikiwa na serikali, huku Mabaraza ya Maji ya mabonde yakihusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji kwa kushirikiana na Vyama vya Watumiaji wa Maji (WUA). Sheria ya Huduma za Maji Vijijini na Usafi wa Mazingira Na. 5 ya mwaka 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2019 (No. 5 of 2019).|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/water-supply-and-sanitation-act-2019-no-5-of-2019-lex-faoc199085/?sortby=newest&q=agua&type=legislation|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> ilianzisha Wakala wa Usambazaji wa Maji na Usafi wa Mazingira Vijijini (RUWASA)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=RUWASA {{!}}{{!}} RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION AGENCY|url=https://www.ruwasa.go.tz/en#:~:text=The%20Rural%20Water%20Supply%20and%20Sanitation%20Agency,in%20collaboration%20with%20the%20ministry%20of%20Health.|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ruwasa.go.tz}}</ref> kwa ajili ya kutoa huduma salama za maji, ikiwa ni pamoja na maji yanayotokana na malambo. RUWASA imejenga au kukarabati idadi kadhaa ya malambo, ingawa kwa ujumla idadi hiyo bado ni ndogo. Kwa upande mwingine, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya Uganda ya mwaka 1999<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy.|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/national-water-policy-lex-faoc158331/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> inajumuisha Usimamizi Jumuishi wa Rasilimali za Maji  kama msingi wa matumizi endelevu ya rasilimali za maji. Sera hiyo inasisitiza ushiriki wa watumiaji katika upangaji, uendeshaji na matengenezo ya mifumo ya maji vijijini, hasa katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa. Jamii zinaweza kumiliki miundombinu hiyo, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali yanaweza kutoa msaada, na programu za kazi za umma zinaweza kushiriki katika ujenzi wake. == Marejeleo == c0y5d7mrc4tfwsnh9h3dmgqa2rm44ez 1611310 1611288 2026-10-26T13:03:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Malambo ya maji]] hadi [[Bwawa la ardhi]]: usahihi wa jina 1611288 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />Lambo la maji ni bwawa dogo linalokusanya na kuhifadhi maji ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi. Maji hayo hutumika kwa matumizi ya binadamu, matumizi ya nyumbani, kunyweshea mifugo au shughuli za kilimo, kama sehemu ya uvunaji wa maji ya mvua.<ref>''Critchley, W (1991). Water Harvesting: A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). p. 17.''</ref>Kwa kawaida, malambo huwa ni mabonde au mabwawa yaliyo wazi ambayo hayajawekewa sakafu maalumu ya kuzuia upotevu wa maji ardhini. Malambo mengi hujazwa upya na maji ya mvua ya msimu pamoja na maji yanayotiririka juu na chini ya ardhi, huku baadhi yake yakipokea maji kutoka kwenye kina kirefu cha maji ya chini ya ardhi. Malambo yanaweza kutokea kiasili katika maeneo yenye mabonde au yanaweza kujengwa kikamilifu au kwa sehemu na binadamu. Malambo yaliyojengwa mara nyingi huwa na mfereji wa kuingiza maji unaochimbwa mahsusi ili kuelekeza maji ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi kwenda lamboni, hivyo kuongeza ujazo wa maji yanayokusanyika. [[Faili:Waterpan_KK.jpg|thumb|295x295px| Mchoro wa dhana wa lambo la maji unaoonyesha michakato yake ya kihaidrolojia, mwingiliano wa maji ya ardhini, vipengele vya kimuundo, na matumizi makuu ya maji.]] Mabwawa haya madogo yanaweza kuwa na tabaka maalumu la kuzuia maji kupenya ardhini na hutumika kwa kilimo cha kiwango kidogo, kama chanzo cha maji ya kunyweshea mifugo, au kama njia mbadala ya maji inayolenga kuwazuia mifugo kuingia katika maeneo nyeti ya mazingira.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mutua |first=Christine |last2=Boitt |first2=Mark |date=2017-06 |title=Suitability Analysis of Water Pan Sites for Pastoralists: A Case Study of Kajiado County in Kenya |url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=6047 |journal=Universal Journal of Geoscience |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=65–72 |doi=10.13189/ujg.2017.050303 |issn=2331-9593}}</ref> Ujenzi wa malambo kwa kawaida hufanyika kutokana na mahitaji na vipaumbele vya jamii vya kupata maji katika maeneo ya mbali yasiyokuwa na huduma rasmi ya maji.^{<ref>{{cite book|title=Water Harvesting in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2013|isbn=978-1-136-27306-3|editor-last1=Critchley|editor-first1=William|doi=10.4324/9780203109984|editor-last2=Gowing|editor-first2=John}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Malambo hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali kulingana na eneo au matumizi ya jamii. Nchini Uingereza, malambo yanayotumika kwa ajili ya mifugo mara nyingi huitwa ''[[:en:Dew_pond|dew pond]].'' Nchini Tanzania, hutumika majina kama ''charco ponds'' au kwa Kiswahili huitwa malambo. Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, neno silanga hutumika kurejelea vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani. Aina nyingine ya lambo ni Silanka ya Ndovu, ambayo hujitokeza katika maeneo ya mabonde kutokana na mifugo au tembo kukanyaga ardhi mara kwa mara kwa muda mrefu. Nchini Sudan, malambo ya jadi yanayojulikana kama ''[[:en:Hafir|Hafir]]'' hujengwa na kutumika kama mabirika ya kunyweshea mifugo, pamoja na matumizi ya kilimo na mahitaji ya nyumbani. == '''<big>Matumizi na umuhimu wa malambo</big>''' == Barani Afrika, Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara, asilimia 80 ya watu waishio vijijini hawapati huduma ya maji ya bomba yanayotolewa na mamlaka husika.<ref name="LoC">{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref> Jamii hutumia malambo kukusanya na kuhifadhi maji, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini na yenye ukame ambako huduma rasmi za maji hazipo au hazitoshelezi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya’s Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2026-10-26}}</ref> Kwa kupunguza umbali wa kufuata maji, malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji na kupunguza mzigo, hususan kwa wanawake na watoto ambao mara nyingi huhusika katika kutafuta na kupeleka maji majumbani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gendered Burden of Water Collection in Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2024/03/13/gendered-burden-of-water-collection-in-afe-afw-sub-saharan-africa|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye ukame mkubwa au wakati wa vipindi virefu vya ukame, malambo yanaweza kuwa chanzo pekee cha maji kinachopatikana kwa watu na wanyama.^{<ref>{{cite book|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/6672441/reengaging-agricultural-water-management-challenges-options|title=Reengaging in Agricultural Water Management|date=2006|isbn=978-0-8213-6498-7|doi=10.1596/978-0-8213-6498-7}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Coping with water scarcity: an action framework for agriculture and food security|last=Steduto|first=Pasquale|date=2012|publisher=FAO|others=Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|isbn=978-92-5-107304-9|series=FAO water reports|location=Rome}}</ref>} Malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji kwa uhakika zaidi katika jamii zinazoishi maeneo yenye uhaba wa maji, na hutumika kwa madhumuni mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi ya nyumbani kama vile kunywa, kupika na kufua, pamoja na mifugo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berger |first1=Rachel |date=March 2003 |title=Conflict over natural resources among pastoralists in northern Kenya: a look at recent initiatives in conflict resolution |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=245–257 |doi=10.1002/jid.985}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Kamau|first1=Mercy Wairimu|title=Natural Resource As A Source Of Conflict- Case Study In Northern Kenya (2012–2016)|date=2018|hdl=11295/105834|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke akichota maji katika lambo la Kamau, Tarime, Tanzania.]] Jamii za wafugaji hutumia msururu wa malambo kusaidia ufugaji wa mifugo kwa idadi kubwa,^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyariki |first1=D. M. |last2=Amwata |first2=D. A. |date=December 2019 |title=The value of pastoralism in Kenya: Application of total economic value approach |journal=Pastoralism |volume=9 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019Pasto...9....9N |doi=10.1186/s13570-019-0144-x |doi-access=free |article-number=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya's Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Kabelo |first2=Adan |last3=Michlig |first3=Georgia |last4=Abdi |first4=Fatuma |last5=Tombo |first5=Irène |last6=Reich |first6=Abigail |last7=Shukri |first7=Abdullahi |last8=Swartz |first8=Haley |last9=Fanzo |first9=Jessica |date=2025 |title='The future for pastoralists is dark unless something is done': illuminating the constraints and opportunities for a climate-resilient future for Kenyan pastoralists |journal=Ecology and Society |volume=30 |issue=2 |doi=10.5751/ES-16073-300239 |article-number=art39}}</ref>} huku baadhi ya malambo yakitumika kwa shughuli za ufugaji wa samaki. Katika maeneo ya uhifadhi, malambo mara nyingi huchimbwa ili kutoa maji kwa ajili ya wanyamapori, pamoja na kusaidia ufugaji wa kiwango kidogo. ^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref>} == '''Ujenzi na matengenezo ya malambo''' == Malambo mengi yamejengwa kwa njia zisizo rasmi, mara nyingi kwa kutumia vifaa vinavyopatikana katika maeneo husika na nguvu kazi ya jamii. Malambo mengine hujengwa kwa kuzingatia taratibu na miundo iliyoidhinishwa na mamlaka za serikali.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://library.tukenya.ac.ke/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=114007&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=154513|title=Practice manual for small Dams, Pans and other water Conservation structures in Kenya|last=Ministry of water and Irrigation|first=Kenya|date=2015|publisher=State department for water and irrigation, Government of Kenya|location=Nairobi,Kenya}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Practice Manual For Small Dams Pans and Other Water Conservation Structures in Kenya|url=https://pdfcoffee.com/practice-manual-for-small-dams-pans-and-other-water-conservation-structures-in-kenya-pdf-free.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=pdfcoffee.com|language=en}}</ref> Maeneo yanayofaa kwa ujenzi wa malambo ni yale yenye udongo wa mfinyanzi kwa kiwango kikubwa au udongo wa tope, ambako maji ya mvua yanayotiririka hukusanyika wakati wa msimu wa mvua, na maeneo yenye mteremko mwepesi usiozidi asilimia 4%.<ref name=":0" />  Uendelevu wa lambo unaweza kuathiriwa na ujazaji wa mchanga, hali inayohitaji utoaji wa mchanga mara kwa mara ili kurejesha uwezo wa lambo kuhifadhi maji.. Hili mara nyingi huwa tatizo kubwa hata kwa malambo yanayotumika kwa muda mfupi. Kiasi cha mchanga kinaweza kupunguzwa kupitia usanifu na matengenezo bora ya lambo kwa kuzishirikisha jamii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regional Land Management Unit|url=https://landportal.org/pt/organization/regional-land-management-unit}}{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Ingawa bado hayatumiwi kwa kiwango kikubwa, matumizi ya mbinu za asili (''[[:en:Nature-based_solutions|Nature-based solutions]]'') yanaweza kuongeza muda wa matumizi na uendelevu wa malambo.^{<ref>{{cite report|last1=Collins|first1=N.|last2=van Zanten|first2=B.|last3=Onah|first3=I.|last4=Marsters|first4=L.|last5=Jungman|first5=L.|last6=Hunter|first6=R.|last7=von Turkovich|first7=N.|last8=Anderson|first8=J.|last9=Vidad|first9=G.|last10=Gartner|first10=T.|last11=Jongmanrtner|first11=B.|title=Growing Resilience: Unlocking the Potential of Nature-based Solutions for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=14 March 2025|doi=10.1596/42952|doi-access=free|hdl=10986/42952|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Hii inaweza kusaidia kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na kuchangia maendeleo ya vijijini. Malambo yanaweza kutoa huduma za mfumo wa ikolojia zinazofanana na zile zinazotolewa na maeneo oevu. Kwa mfano, matete na mimea inayoota pembezoni mwa lambo inaweza kufanya kazi kama ukanda-kinga unaozuia mchanga na vichafuzi, kama vile virutubisho na metali nzito, kuingia kwenye maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kola |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Munyai |first2=Caswell |last3=Dalu |first3=Tatenda |date=28 May 2025 |title=A review of macrophyte phytoremediation in Africa: current research and challenges |journal=Chemistry and Ecology |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=710–728 |bibcode=2025ChEco..41..710K |doi=10.1080/02757540.2025.2470315}}</ref> Malambo pia hutoa makazi kwa aina mbalimbali za wanyama na mimea, kuanzia viumbe wadogo wasiyoonekana kwa macho hadi wanyama wakubwa kama viboko, na huchangia upatikanaji wa chakula kwa ndege wanaoishi katika maeneo hayo na ndege wanaohama kutoka maeneo mengine. == '''Haidrolojia ya malambo''' == Kiwango cha maji katika lambo kinaweza kubadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa kulingana na kiasi cha maji kinachoingia pamoja na kile kinachotoka lamboni. Baadhi ya malambo hukauka kwa msimu kutokana na mwenendo wa mvua au namna watu wanavyosimamia matumizi ya maji, na yanaweza kubaki makavu kwa miezi kadhaa au hata miaka. Chanzo kikuu cha maji katika malambo ni maji ya mvua, huku kiasi na wingi wa maji yanayotiririka vikitegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa mwingiliano kati ya mvua, sura ya nchi, hali ya uoto, aina ya udongo na miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi. Uoto wa asili na udhibiti wa mifugo katika eneo linalokusanya maji hupunguza kasi ya mtiririko wa maji na kulinda ardhi dhidi ya mmomonyoko, na hivyo kupunguza kiwango kikubwa cha mchanga yanayosafirishwa kuingia lamboni. Kiasi cha maji chini ya ardhi kinachoingia kwenye lambo hutegemea aina ya miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi, ambayo huamua mwingiliano wa maji kati ya lambo na tabaka za maji ya chini ya ardhi. Hata hivyo, kiwango cha uhusiano kati ya maji ya chini ya ardhi na malambo kwa kiasi kikubwa bado hakijulikani. Kwa kuwa malambo ni vyanzo vidogo ya maji vyenye tabia za kihaidrolojia unaofanana na mabwawa madogo, yanaweza kuathiriwa kwa urahisi hata kwa mabadiliko madogo ya tabianchi au matumizi ya ardhi. Ukame, mabadiliko ya mifumo ya mvua, upanuzi wa shughuli za kilimo au kuongezeka kwa makazi na uvamizi wa maeneo ya miji vinaweza kuathiri kiasi cha maji kinachoingia kwenye malambo. '''Baiojiokemia''' Malambo mengi hupokea virutubisho kutoka kwenye mifugo na matumizi ya ardhi ya eneo husika. Kasi ya mzunguko wa virutubisho na utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi inaweza kuwa kubwa kutokana na mwingiliano kati ya maji, mchanga na matokeo ya Wanyama na mimea. Michakato ya kikemia na kibaiolojia ni muhimu, hasa katika mabadiliko yanayohusisha kaboni na nitrojeni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Gretchen |first=Gettel |date=2022 |title=Water Pans as Hot Spots for Methane Emissions in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of East Africa |journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts |volume=2022 |bibcode=2022AGUFM.B43E..05G}}</ref> Utoaji wa gesi ya kaboni na methane kutoka kwenye malambo vinaweza kusababishwa na mabadiliko ya matumizi ya ardhi na mvua za msimu.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grenfell |first1=Suzanne |last2=Grenfell |first2=Michael |last3=Tooth |first3=Stephen |last4=Mehl |first4=Adriana |last5=O’Gorman |first5=Emily |last6=Ralph |first6=Tim |last7=Ellery |first7=William |date=August 2022 |title=Wetlands in drylands: diverse perspectives for dynamic landscapes |journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=607–622 |bibcode=2022WetEM..30..607G |doi=10.1007/s11273-022-09887-z |pmc=9362116 |pmid=35966960}}</ref> Michakato hii inaweza kusababisha kuongezeka kupita kiasi kwa virutubisho majini (eutrofikasheni), mabadiliko katika jamii za viumbe, na ongezeko la utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi, hasa pale malambo yanapotuamisha maji au kujaza kiasi kikubwa cha mabaki ya viumbe hai. Vipindi vya mafuriko na unyevu katika malambo huongeza kasi ya kutolewa kwa virutubisho na mabaki ya kikaboni yaliyofyonzwa.<ref name=":1" /> == '''Ubora wa maji ya lambo na hatari za afya ya jamii''' == Maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi, michakato ya kikemikali na kiikolojia inayotokea ndani ya lambo, vimelea vya magonjwa na uchafuzi wa mazingira huathiri ubora wa maji na hatari kwa afya ya umma zinazotokana na malambo. Ufuatiliaji wa ubora na kiasi cha maji katika malambo, ambao unaweza kusaidia kufuatilia mabadiliko na kuwezesha mikakati bora ya kukabiliana na changamoto, bado ni mdogo. Mifugo inaweza kuingiza vimelea vya magonjwa kwenye malambo na hivyo kuongeza hatari za kiafya, hasa pale watu wanapotumia maji hayo, kwa kunywa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kurui |first1=Edith J. |last2=Ogendi |first2=George M. |last3=Moturi |first3=Wilkister N. |date=September 2017 |title=Microbiological contamination of water pans in Baringo County |journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=485–494 |bibcode=2017JWSHD...7..485K |doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.258}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiragu |first=Josept M |date=2024-12-27 |title=Policy Change: From Borrow Pits to Water Pans in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands |url=http://41.89.103.50:4000/handle/123456789/1343 |journal=Laikipia University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Njugi|first=George|date=August 2020|title=Rain Water Harvesting and Its Impacts on Water Resources and Farm Productivity.|url=https://nairobiwaterfund.org/|access-date=20 May 2026|website=Nairobi Water Fund}}</ref> Kunywa maji ambayo hayajatibiwa huongeza hatari ya magonjwa yatokanayo na maji, kama vile kuhara, kipindupindu na homa ya matumbo, pamoja na maambukizi yanayosababishwa na aina mbalimbali za vimelea vya mfumo wa chakula. Bakteria wanaotumika kama viashiria vya uchafuzi wa kinyesi, hususan ''[[:en:Escherichia_coli|Escherichia coli]]'' na ''Fecal streptococcus'', hupatikana kwa kawaida katika malambo. Kemikali zenye sumu kama floridi, arseniki na risasi zimewahi kugunduliwa katika maji ya malambo. Kiwango cha uchafuzi hutegemea eneo lilipo lambo, jiolojia ya eneo hilo na ukaribu wake na viwanda, barabara na maeneo ya machimbo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rusiniak |first1=Piotr |last2=Sekuła |first2=Klaudia |last3=Sracek |first3=Ondra |last4=Stopa |first4=Piotr |date=December 2021 |title=Fluoride ions in groundwater of the Turkana County, Kenya, East Africa |journal=Acta Geochimica |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=945–960 |bibcode=2021AcGch..40..945R |doi=10.1007/s11631-021-00481-3}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye kiwango kikubwa cha floridi katika maji ya ardhini, matumizi ya maji ya malambo yanaweza kupunguza hatari ya ugonjwa wa florosis.<ref name=":23">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref> == '''Usimamizi wa malambo''' == Usimamizi endelevu wa malambo unahitaji hatua za kitaalamu na za jadi, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushirikishwaji wa jamii. Katika nchi nyingi, rasilimali za maji humilikiwa kisheria na serikali na rasilimali hizi huchukuliwa kuwa rasilimali za umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqualex|url=https://aqualex.fao.org/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=aqualex.fao.org}}</ref> Hata hivyo, jamii mara nyingi husimamia malambo kupitia vikundi vya watumiaji wa maji, mabaraza ya seerikali za mitaa au viongozi wa kimila, ambao wanaweza kuunda kanuni au sheria ndogo za eneo husika, ikiwa ni pamoja na taratibu za kugharamia matengenezo na usimamizi wa malambo.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, uhaba wa maji umehusishwa na migogoro kuhusu upatikanaji wa maji na malisho, hususan wakati wa kiangazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Governance in Pastoralist Areas of Africa|url=https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/water-governance-in-pastoralist-areas-of-africa/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Feinstein International Center, Tufts University|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KenyaWaterPan.jpg|thumb| Ng'ombe wakinywa maji katika lambo nchini Kenya wakati wa msimu wa kiangazi.]] Sababu za kawaida za migogoro ni pamoja na umiliki wa ardhi, uchafuzi wa mazingira, uchafuzi wa maji, kutengwa kwa baadhi ya jamii, kwa mfano wafugaji, pamoja na kutokuwepo kwa kanuni zilizo wazi za matumizi na upatikanaji wa maji.<ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> Usimamizi wa malambo unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa uwazi kuhusu umiliki, haki za watumiaji na ukosefu wa uratibu miongoni mwa mamlaka zinazohusika. Haki za kimila na mifumo ya jadi ya utawala mara nyingi huathiri umiliki na kanuni za upatikanaji wa maji. Matengenezo ni changamoto ya kudumu, hali inayosababisha mara kwa mara ujazaji wa mchanga, upotevu wa maji na uharibifu wa miundombinu. <ref>{{cite report|first1=Black|last1=Joshua|first2=Malesu Mabanga|last2=Maimbo|first3=Oduor Alex|last3=Raymound|author4=Cherogony Kipruto|author5=Meerman Robert|title=Rainwater Harvesting Inventory of Kenya. An overview of techniques, sustainability factor and stakeholders|date=2012|doi=10.13140/2.1.2299.5208}}</ref><ref>Mutunga, N.; Kiilu, N. (2016). ''Water Harvesting Structures and Their Sustainability in Kenya's Drylands''. ASAL Research Program Report.{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Katika maeneo ambako miundombinu hii imejengwa, sehemu za kuchotea maji kwa matumizi ya binadamu au mifugo mara nyingi huharibika na kushindwa kufanya kazi. Miradi inayofadhiliwa na taasisi za nje inaweza kusababisha migogoro, umiliki mdogo wa jamii na ukosefu wa matengenezo ya muda mrefu. Kuweka kanuni zilizo wazi na kuimarisha ushirikiano kati ya mamlaka za mitaa na serikali kunaweza kuboresha usimamizi, ingawa mara nyingi juhudi hizo hukwamishwa na uwezo mdogo wa serikali za mitaa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhalla |first1=Sophie |last2=Garrick |first2=Dustin |last3=McDermott |first3=Constance L. |date=May 2025 |title=Trust, hope, and collective action in fragile political settings: A qualitative comparative analysis of water user groups in Tunisia |journal=World Development |volume=189 |bibcode=2025WoDev.18906928B |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928 |article-number=106928}}</ref> Baadhi ya malambo yaliyojengwa huongozwa na miongozo madhubuti ya usambazaji wa maji vijijini, lakini kwa ujumla miongozo hiyo inahusu sehemu ndogo tu ya malambo yanayotoa maji kwa jamii za vijijini. Kwa mfano, nchini Kenya na Tanzania, ubia/ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na binafsi, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali au watu binafsi wanaweza kuhusika katika ujenzi wa malambo, huku umiliki ukiwa kwa mjenzi au jamii husika.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>SNV Netherlands Development Organisation (2018). ''A How-To Guide on Making a Water Pan by the Smart Water for Agriculture Programme (SWA)''. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-EUiXqChN0</ref> Katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Tanzania, watumiaji wa eneo husika mara nyingi hudai umiliki usio rasmi kwa msingi wa matumizi ya jadi ya mababu au mchango wa jamii katika ujenzi. Hata hivyo, madai haya ya kimila yanaweza kusababisha migogoro yanapokinzana na sheria za nchi au mifumo rasmi ya umiliki wa ardhi na maji.<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref> Malambo yanayosimamiwa vizuri kwa kawaida hukusanya ada kwa ajili ya matengenezo.^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaliba |first1=Aloyce R. M. |last2=Norman |first2=David W. |last3=Chang |first3=Yang-Ming |date=June 2003 |title=Willingness to pay to improve domestic water supply in rural areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for policy |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=119–132 |bibcode=2003IJSDW..10..119K |doi=10.1080/13504500309469791}}</ref>} Maji yanayoingia kwenye malambo hutoka katika maeneo ya mkusanyiko wa maji yaliyo chini ya ardhi, na kunaweza kuwa na sehemu tofauti za matumizi ya binadamu na mifugo. Hata hivyo, katika malambo mengi, watu, mifugo na wanyamapori hupata maji kutoka chanzo kimoja. Katika baadhi ya maeneo, ujenzi wa barabara unaweza kusababisha kutokea kwa malambo bila kuwepo kwa mfumo wowote wa usimamizi.   === '''Changamoto za usimamizi nchini Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania''' === Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, malambo hutumika kama vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani, mifugo na umwagiliaji wa kiwango kidogo, hasa katika maeneo yenye upatikanaji mdogo wa maji ya bomba au mito yenye maji mwaka mzima. Nchi zote mbili za Kenya na Tanzania zimejumuisha malambo katika mikakati yao ya kitaifa ya kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na maendeleo ya vijijini, huku zikitambua umuhimu wake katika sera zinazounga mkono usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya jamii.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Licha ya kuongezeka kwa uungwaji mkono wa kisera kwa malambo katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, utekelezaji wake unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na changamoto kama vile kutokuwepo kwa uwazi wa umiliki, uratibu hafifu baina ya sekta na ushirikishwaji mdogo wa jamii. Muingiliano wa majukumu kati ya taasisi mbalimbali, pamoja na upungufu wa msaada wa kitaalamu na kifedha, mara nyingi husababisha usimamizi mbaya, migogoro na hatimaye kuachwa kwa vyanzo hivyo vya maji.<ref name=":62">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Water Challenges in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa and their Management|last1=Nyika|first1=Joan|last2=Dinka|first2=Megersa Olumana|date=2023|isbn=978-3-031-26270-8|series=SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology|pages=39–55|chapter=Water Challenges in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26271-5_3}}</ref><ref>Swallow, B. et al. (2009). ''Competing Water Uses in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, Kenya''. IWMI Working Paper.</ref> Uwezo wa kitaasisi wa mashirika ya serikali yanayohusika na kuandaa kanuni za matumizi mara nyingi huwa mdogo kutokana na upungufu wa mafunzo, fedha na msaada wa kitaalamu. Sheria za kimila na mifumo ya utawala wa jadi wakati mwingine hukinzana na mifumo ya kitaifa ya usimamizi wa maji, hali inayoweza kusababisha usimamizi usioridhisha.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meinzen-Dick |first1=Ruth |date=25 September 2007 |title=Beyond panaceas in water institutions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=104 |issue=39 |pages=15200–15205 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0702296104 |pmc=2000530 |pmid=17881577 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pradhan |first1=Rajendra |last2=Meinzen-Dick |first2=Ruth |date=10 January 2003 |title=Which Rights are Right? Water Rights, Culture, and Underlying Values |journal=Water Nepal |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.3126/wn.v10i1.93}}</ref> Sera za kitaifa kama vile Sheria ya Maji ya Kenya ya mwaka 2016 na Sera ya Maji ya Tanzania ya mwaka 2002, iliyosasishwa mwaka 2025, zinajaribu kushughulikia changamoto hizi kwa kuhamishia majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya serikali za mitaa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mapungufu ya utekelezaji bado yapo, hasa katika kuoanisha sheria za kitaifa na taratibu za eneo husika, kuunganisha mifumo ya kimila na ya kisheria, na kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji kwa usawa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Water, Power and Identity|last1=Boelens|first1=Rutgerd|date=2015|isbn=978-1-317-96404-9|doi=10.4324/9781315867557}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2014). ''Water Governance Facility Thematic Paper: Water and Conflict''.</ref> Nchini Kenya, Sheria ya Maji ya mwaka 2016 inahamasisha uhamishaji wa majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji kwenda kwa serikali za kaunti na inatambua nafasi ya bodi za watumiaji wa maji kusimamia miundombinu ya maji kama vile malambo katika ngazi ya jamii.^{<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref>}  Nchini Tanzania, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya mwaka 2002 <ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Water Policy 2002|url=https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/the-national-water-policy-2002/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=PolicyVault.Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> na Sheria ya Usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji ya mwaka 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-01-01|title=Water Resources Management Act, 2009 (No. 11 of 2009); Tanzania, Un. Rep. of {{!}} Water Knowledge Hub|url=https://waterknowledgehub.org/resource/water-resources-management-act-2009-no-11-2009-tanzania-un-rep|access-date=2026-05-20|website=waterknowledgehub.org|language=en}}</ref> zinaweka msingi kwamba rasilimali za maji zinamilikiwa na serikali, huku Mabaraza ya Maji ya mabonde yakihusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji kwa kushirikiana na Vyama vya Watumiaji wa Maji (WUA). Sheria ya Huduma za Maji Vijijini na Usafi wa Mazingira Na. 5 ya mwaka 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2019 (No. 5 of 2019).|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/water-supply-and-sanitation-act-2019-no-5-of-2019-lex-faoc199085/?sortby=newest&q=agua&type=legislation|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> ilianzisha Wakala wa Usambazaji wa Maji na Usafi wa Mazingira Vijijini (RUWASA)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=RUWASA {{!}}{{!}} RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION AGENCY|url=https://www.ruwasa.go.tz/en#:~:text=The%20Rural%20Water%20Supply%20and%20Sanitation%20Agency,in%20collaboration%20with%20the%20ministry%20of%20Health.|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ruwasa.go.tz}}</ref> kwa ajili ya kutoa huduma salama za maji, ikiwa ni pamoja na maji yanayotokana na malambo. RUWASA imejenga au kukarabati idadi kadhaa ya malambo, ingawa kwa ujumla idadi hiyo bado ni ndogo. Kwa upande mwingine, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya Uganda ya mwaka 1999<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy.|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/national-water-policy-lex-faoc158331/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> inajumuisha Usimamizi Jumuishi wa Rasilimali za Maji  kama msingi wa matumizi endelevu ya rasilimali za maji. Sera hiyo inasisitiza ushiriki wa watumiaji katika upangaji, uendeshaji na matengenezo ya mifumo ya maji vijijini, hasa katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa. Jamii zinaweza kumiliki miundombinu hiyo, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali yanaweza kutoa msaada, na programu za kazi za umma zinaweza kushiriki katika ujenzi wake. == Marejeleo == c0y5d7mrc4tfwsnh9h3dmgqa2rm44ez 1611312 1611310 2026-10-26T13:06:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Waterpan_KK.jpg|thumb|295x295px|Mchoro wa dhana wa lambo la maji unaoonyesha michakato yake ya kihidrolojia, mwingiliano wa maji ya ardhini, vipengele vya kimuundo, na matumizi makuu ya maji.]] '''Bwawa la ardhi''' ni [[bwawa]] dogo linalokusanya na kuhifadhi [[maji]] ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi. Maji hayo hukusanywa kwa matumizi ya binadamu, matumizi ya nyumbani, kunyweshea mifugo au shughuli za kilimo, kama sehemu ya uvunaji wa maji ya mvua.<ref>''Critchley, W (1991). Water Harvesting: A Manual for the Design and Construction of Water Harvesting Schemes for Plant Production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). p. 17.''</ref>Kwa kawaida, malambo huwa ni mabonde au mabwawa yaliyo wazi ambayo hayajawekewa sakafu maalumu ya kuzuia upotevu wa maji ardhini. Malambo mengi hujazwa upya na maji ya mvua ya msimu pamoja na maji yanayotiririka juu na chini ya ardhi, huku baadhi yake yakipokea maji kutoka kwenye kina kirefu cha maji ya chini ya ardhi. Malambo yanaweza kutokea kiasili katika maeneo yenye mabonde au yanaweza kujengwa kikamilifu au kwa sehemu na binadamu. Malambo yaliyojengwa mara nyingi huwa na mfereji wa kuingiza maji unaochimbwa mahsusi ili kuelekeza maji ya mvua yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi kwenda lamboni, hivyo kuongeza ujazo wa maji yanayokusanyika. Mabwawa haya madogo yanaweza kuwa na tabaka maalumu la kuzuia maji kupenya ardhini na hutumika kwa kilimo cha kiwango kidogo, kama chanzo cha maji ya kunyweshea mifugo, au kama njia mbadala ya maji inayolenga kuwazuia mifugo kuingia katika maeneo nyeti ya mazingira.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mutua |first=Christine |last2=Boitt |first2=Mark |date=2017-06 |title=Suitability Analysis of Water Pan Sites for Pastoralists: A Case Study of Kajiado County in Kenya |url=http://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=6047 |journal=Universal Journal of Geoscience |language=en |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=65–72 |doi=10.13189/ujg.2017.050303 |issn=2331-9593}}</ref> Ujenzi wa malambo kwa kawaida hufanyika kutokana na mahitaji na vipaumbele vya jamii vya kupata maji katika maeneo ya mbali yasiyokuwa na huduma rasmi ya maji.^{<ref>{{cite book|title=Water Harvesting in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=2013|isbn=978-1-136-27306-3|editor-last1=Critchley|editor-first1=William|doi=10.4324/9780203109984|editor-last2=Gowing|editor-first2=John}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Malambo hujulikana kwa majina mbalimbali kulingana na eneo au matumizi ya jamii. Nchini Uingereza, malambo yanayotumika kwa ajili ya mifugo mara nyingi huitwa ''[[:en:Dew_pond|dew pond]].'' Nchini Tanzania, hutumika majina kama ''charco ponds'' au kwa Kiswahili huitwa malambo. Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, neno silanga hutumika kurejelea vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani. Aina nyingine ya lambo ni Silanka ya Ndovu, ambayo hujitokeza katika maeneo ya mabonde kutokana na mifugo au tembo kukanyaga ardhi mara kwa mara kwa muda mrefu. Nchini Sudan, malambo ya jadi yanayojulikana kama ''[[:en:Hafir|Hafir]]'' hujengwa na kutumika kama mabirika ya kunyweshea mifugo, pamoja na matumizi ya kilimo na mahitaji ya nyumbani. == Matumizi na umuhimu wa malambo == Barani Afrika, Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara, asilimia 80 ya watu waishio vijijini hawapati huduma ya maji ya bomba yanayotolewa na mamlaka husika.<ref name="LoC">{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref> Jamii hutumia malambo kukusanya na kuhifadhi maji, hasa katika maeneo ya vijijini na yenye ukame ambako huduma rasmi za maji hazipo au hazitoshelezi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya’s Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|work=www.worldbank.org|accessdate=2026-10-26}}</ref> Kwa kupunguza umbali wa kufuata maji, malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji na kupunguza mzigo, hususan kwa wanawake na watoto ambao mara nyingi huhusika katika kutafuta na kupeleka maji majumbani.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Gendered Burden of Water Collection in Sub-Saharan Africa|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/interactive/2024/03/13/gendered-burden-of-water-collection-in-afe-afw-sub-saharan-africa|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye ukame mkubwa au wakati wa vipindi virefu vya ukame, malambo yanaweza kuwa chanzo pekee cha maji kinachopatikana kwa watu na wanyama.^{<ref>{{cite book|url=http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/01/6672441/reengaging-agricultural-water-management-challenges-options|title=Reengaging in Agricultural Water Management|date=2006|isbn=978-0-8213-6498-7|doi=10.1596/978-0-8213-6498-7}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Coping with water scarcity: an action framework for agriculture and food security|last=Steduto|first=Pasquale|date=2012|publisher=FAO|others=Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture|isbn=978-92-5-107304-9|series=FAO water reports|location=Rome}}</ref>} Malambo huongeza upatikanaji wa maji kwa uhakika zaidi katika jamii zinazoishi maeneo yenye uhaba wa maji, na hutumika kwa madhumuni mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi ya nyumbani kama vile kunywa, kupika na kufua, pamoja na mifugo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berger |first1=Rachel |date=March 2003 |title=Conflict over natural resources among pastoralists in northern Kenya: a look at recent initiatives in conflict resolution |journal=Journal of International Development |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=245–257 |doi=10.1002/jid.985}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Kamau|first1=Mercy Wairimu|title=Natural Resource As A Source Of Conflict- Case Study In Northern Kenya (2012–2016)|date=2018|hdl=11295/105834|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KamauWaterPan.jpg|thumb|Mwanamke akichota maji katika lambo la Kamau, Tarime, Tanzania.]] Jamii za wafugaji hutumia msururu wa malambo kusaidia ufugaji wa mifugo kwa idadi kubwa,^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nyariki |first1=D. M. |last2=Amwata |first2=D. A. |date=December 2019 |title=The value of pastoralism in Kenya: Application of total economic value approach |journal=Pastoralism |volume=9 |issue=1 |bibcode=2019Pasto...9....9N |doi=10.1186/s13570-019-0144-x |doi-access=free |article-number=9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=An Oasis of Hope: Water Pans Provide Water to Kenya's Wajir County|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/07/09/an-oasis-of-hope-water-pans-provide-water-to-kenyas-wajir-county|access-date=2026-05-20|website=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fox |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Kabelo |first2=Adan |last3=Michlig |first3=Georgia |last4=Abdi |first4=Fatuma |last5=Tombo |first5=Irène |last6=Reich |first6=Abigail |last7=Shukri |first7=Abdullahi |last8=Swartz |first8=Haley |last9=Fanzo |first9=Jessica |date=2025 |title='The future for pastoralists is dark unless something is done': illuminating the constraints and opportunities for a climate-resilient future for Kenyan pastoralists |journal=Ecology and Society |volume=30 |issue=2 |doi=10.5751/ES-16073-300239 |article-number=art39}}</ref>} huku baadhi ya malambo yakitumika kwa shughuli za ufugaji wa samaki. Katika maeneo ya uhifadhi, malambo mara nyingi huchimbwa ili kutoa maji kwa ajili ya wanyamapori, pamoja na kusaidia ufugaji wa kiwango kidogo. ^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emenike |first1=C.P. |last2=Tenebe |first2=I.T. |last3=Omole |first3=D.O. |last4=Ngene |first4=B.U. |last5=Oniemayin |first5=B.I. |last6=Maxwell |first6=O. |last7=Onoka |first7=B.I. |date=April 2017 |title=Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria |journal=Sustainable Cities and Society |volume=30 |pages=263–272 |bibcode=2017SusCS..30..263E |doi=10.1016/j.scs.2017.01.005}}</ref>} == Ujenzi na matengenezo ya malambo == Malambo mengi yamejengwa kwa njia zisizo rasmi, mara nyingi kwa kutumia vifaa vinavyopatikana katika maeneo husika na nguvu kazi ya jamii. Malambo mengine hujengwa kwa kuzingatia taratibu na miundo iliyoidhinishwa na mamlaka za serikali.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://library.tukenya.ac.ke/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=114007&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=154513|title=Practice manual for small Dams, Pans and other water Conservation structures in Kenya|last=Ministry of water and Irrigation|first=Kenya|date=2015|publisher=State department for water and irrigation, Government of Kenya|location=Nairobi,Kenya}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Practice Manual For Small Dams Pans and Other Water Conservation Structures in Kenya|url=https://pdfcoffee.com/practice-manual-for-small-dams-pans-and-other-water-conservation-structures-in-kenya-pdf-free.html|access-date=2026-05-20|website=pdfcoffee.com|language=en}}</ref> Maeneo yanayofaa kwa ujenzi wa malambo ni yale yenye udongo wa mfinyanzi kwa kiwango kikubwa au udongo wa tope, ambako maji ya mvua yanayotiririka hukusanyika wakati wa msimu wa mvua, na maeneo yenye mteremko mwepesi usiozidi asilimia 4%.<ref name=":0" />  Uendelevu wa lambo unaweza kuathiriwa na ujazaji wa mchanga, hali inayohitaji utoaji wa mchanga mara kwa mara ili kurejesha uwezo wa lambo kuhifadhi maji.. Hili mara nyingi huwa tatizo kubwa hata kwa malambo yanayotumika kwa muda mfupi. Kiasi cha mchanga kinaweza kupunguzwa kupitia usanifu na matengenezo bora ya lambo kwa kuzishirikisha jamii.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Regional Land Management Unit|url=https://landportal.org/pt/organization/regional-land-management-unit}}{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Ingawa bado hayatumiwi kwa kiwango kikubwa, matumizi ya mbinu za asili (''[[:en:Nature-based_solutions|Nature-based solutions]]'') yanaweza kuongeza muda wa matumizi na uendelevu wa malambo.^{<ref>{{cite report|last1=Collins|first1=N.|last2=van Zanten|first2=B.|last3=Onah|first3=I.|last4=Marsters|first4=L.|last5=Jungman|first5=L.|last6=Hunter|first6=R.|last7=von Turkovich|first7=N.|last8=Anderson|first8=J.|last9=Vidad|first9=G.|last10=Gartner|first10=T.|last11=Jongmanrtner|first11=B.|title=Growing Resilience: Unlocking the Potential of Nature-based Solutions for Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa|date=14 March 2025|doi=10.1596/42952|doi-access=free|hdl=10986/42952|hdl-access=free}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref>} Hii inaweza kusaidia kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na kuchangia maendeleo ya vijijini. Malambo yanaweza kutoa huduma za mfumo wa ikolojia zinazofanana na zile zinazotolewa na maeneo oevu. Kwa mfano, matete na mimea inayoota pembezoni mwa lambo inaweza kufanya kazi kama ukanda-kinga unaozuia mchanga na vichafuzi, kama vile virutubisho na metali nzito, kuingia kwenye maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kola |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Munyai |first2=Caswell |last3=Dalu |first3=Tatenda |date=28 May 2025 |title=A review of macrophyte phytoremediation in Africa: current research and challenges |journal=Chemistry and Ecology |volume=41 |issue=5 |pages=710–728 |bibcode=2025ChEco..41..710K |doi=10.1080/02757540.2025.2470315}}</ref> Malambo pia hutoa makazi kwa aina mbalimbali za wanyama na mimea, kuanzia viumbe wadogo wasiyoonekana kwa macho hadi wanyama wakubwa kama viboko, na huchangia upatikanaji wa chakula kwa ndege wanaoishi katika maeneo hayo na ndege wanaohama kutoka maeneo mengine. == Hidrolojia ya malambo == Kiwango cha maji katika lambo kinaweza kubadilika kwa kiasi kikubwa kulingana na kiasi cha maji kinachoingia pamoja na kile kinachotoka lamboni. Baadhi ya malambo hukauka kwa msimu kutokana na mwenendo wa mvua au namna watu wanavyosimamia matumizi ya maji, na yanaweza kubaki makavu kwa miezi kadhaa au hata miaka. Chanzo kikuu cha maji katika malambo ni maji ya mvua, huku kiasi na wingi wa maji yanayotiririka vikitegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa mwingiliano kati ya mvua, sura ya nchi, hali ya uoto, aina ya udongo na miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi. Uoto wa asili na udhibiti wa mifugo katika eneo linalokusanya maji hupunguza kasi ya mtiririko wa maji na kulinda ardhi dhidi ya mmomonyoko, na hivyo kupunguza kiwango kikubwa cha mchanga yanayosafirishwa kuingia lamboni. Kiasi cha maji chini ya ardhi kinachoingia kwenye lambo hutegemea aina ya miamba iliyopo chini ya ardhi, ambayo huamua mwingiliano wa maji kati ya lambo na tabaka za maji ya chini ya ardhi. Hata hivyo, kiwango cha uhusiano kati ya maji ya chini ya ardhi na malambo kwa kiasi kikubwa bado hakijulikani. Kwa kuwa malambo ni vyanzo vidogo ya maji vyenye tabia za kihaidrolojia unaofanana na mabwawa madogo, yanaweza kuathiriwa kwa urahisi hata kwa mabadiliko madogo ya tabianchi au matumizi ya ardhi. Ukame, mabadiliko ya mifumo ya mvua, upanuzi wa shughuli za kilimo au kuongezeka kwa makazi na uvamizi wa maeneo ya miji vinaweza kuathiri kiasi cha maji kinachoingia kwenye malambo. '''Biojiokemia''' Malambo mengi hupokea virutubisho kutoka kwenye mifugo na matumizi ya ardhi ya eneo husika. Kasi ya mzunguko wa virutubisho na utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi inaweza kuwa kubwa kutokana na mwingiliano kati ya maji, mchanga na matokeo ya Wanyama na mimea. Michakato ya kikemia na kibaiolojia ni muhimu, hasa katika mabadiliko yanayohusisha kaboni na nitrojeni.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Gretchen |first=Gettel |date=2022 |title=Water Pans as Hot Spots for Methane Emissions in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of East Africa |journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts |volume=2022 |bibcode=2022AGUFM.B43E..05G}}</ref> Utoaji wa gesi ya kaboni na methane kutoka kwenye malambo vinaweza kusababishwa na mabadiliko ya matumizi ya ardhi na mvua za msimu.<ref name=":2">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grenfell |first1=Suzanne |last2=Grenfell |first2=Michael |last3=Tooth |first3=Stephen |last4=Mehl |first4=Adriana |last5=O’Gorman |first5=Emily |last6=Ralph |first6=Tim |last7=Ellery |first7=William |date=August 2022 |title=Wetlands in drylands: diverse perspectives for dynamic landscapes |journal=Wetlands Ecology and Management |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=607–622 |bibcode=2022WetEM..30..607G |doi=10.1007/s11273-022-09887-z |pmc=9362116 |pmid=35966960}}</ref> Michakato hii inaweza kusababisha kuongezeka kupita kiasi kwa virutubisho majini (eutrofikasheni), mabadiliko katika jamii za viumbe, na ongezeko la utoaji wa gesi zinazochangia mabadiliko ya tabianchi, hasa pale malambo yanapotuamisha maji au kujaza kiasi kikubwa cha mabaki ya viumbe hai. Vipindi vya mafuriko na unyevu katika malambo huongeza kasi ya kutolewa kwa virutubisho na mabaki ya kikaboni yaliyofyonzwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ubora wa maji ya lambo na hatari za afya ya jamii == Maji yanayotiririka juu ya ardhi, michakato ya kikemikali na kiikolojia inayotokea ndani ya lambo, vimelea vya magonjwa na uchafuzi wa mazingira huathiri ubora wa maji na hatari kwa afya ya umma zinazotokana na malambo. Ufuatiliaji wa ubora na kiasi cha maji katika malambo, ambao unaweza kusaidia kufuatilia mabadiliko na kuwezesha mikakati bora ya kukabiliana na changamoto, bado ni mdogo. Mifugo inaweza kuingiza vimelea vya magonjwa kwenye malambo na hivyo kuongeza hatari za kiafya, hasa pale watu wanapotumia maji hayo, kwa kunywa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kurui |first1=Edith J. |last2=Ogendi |first2=George M. |last3=Moturi |first3=Wilkister N. |date=September 2017 |title=Microbiological contamination of water pans in Baringo County |journal=Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=485–494 |bibcode=2017JWSHD...7..485K |doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.258}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kiragu |first=Josept M |date=2024-12-27 |title=Policy Change: From Borrow Pits to Water Pans in Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands |url=http://41.89.103.50:4000/handle/123456789/1343 |journal=Laikipia University}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Njugi|first=George|date=August 2020|title=Rain Water Harvesting and Its Impacts on Water Resources and Farm Productivity.|url=https://nairobiwaterfund.org/|access-date=20 May 2026|website=Nairobi Water Fund}}</ref> Kunywa maji ambayo hayajatibiwa huongeza hatari ya magonjwa yatokanayo na maji, kama vile kuhara, kipindupindu na homa ya matumbo, pamoja na maambukizi yanayosababishwa na aina mbalimbali za vimelea vya mfumo wa chakula. Bakteria wanaotumika kama viashiria vya uchafuzi wa kinyesi, hususan ''[[:en:Escherichia_coli|Escherichia coli]]'' na ''Fecal streptococcus'', hupatikana kwa kawaida katika malambo. Kemikali zenye sumu kama floridi, arseniki na risasi zimewahi kugunduliwa katika maji ya malambo. Kiwango cha uchafuzi hutegemea eneo lilipo lambo, jiolojia ya eneo hilo na ukaribu wake na viwanda, barabara na maeneo ya machimbo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rusiniak |first1=Piotr |last2=Sekuła |first2=Klaudia |last3=Sracek |first3=Ondra |last4=Stopa |first4=Piotr |date=December 2021 |title=Fluoride ions in groundwater of the Turkana County, Kenya, East Africa |journal=Acta Geochimica |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=945–960 |bibcode=2021AcGch..40..945R |doi=10.1007/s11631-021-00481-3}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye kiwango kikubwa cha floridi katika maji ya ardhini, matumizi ya maji ya malambo yanaweza kupunguza hatari ya ugonjwa wa florosis.<ref name=":23">{{cite journal |last1=Wambu |first1=Enos W |last2=Agong |first2=Stephen G |last3=Anyango |first3=Beatrice |last4=Akuno |first4=Walter |last5=Akenga |first5=Teresa |date=December 2014 |title=High fluoride water in Bondo-Rarieda area of Siaya County, Kenya: a hydro-geological implication on public health in the Lake Victoria Basin |journal=BMC Public Health |volume=14 |issue=1 |doi=10.1186/1471-2458-14-462 |pmc=4049395 |pmid=24884434 |doi-access=free |article-number=462}}</ref> == Usimamizi wa malambo == Usimamizi endelevu wa malambo unahitaji hatua za kitaalamu na za jadi, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushirikishwaji wa jamii. Katika nchi nyingi, rasilimali za maji humilikiwa kisheria na serikali na rasilimali hizi huchukuliwa kuwa rasilimali za umma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aqualex|url=https://aqualex.fao.org/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=aqualex.fao.org}}</ref> Hata hivyo, jamii mara nyingi husimamia malambo kupitia vikundi vya watumiaji wa maji, mabaraza ya seerikali za mitaa au viongozi wa kimila, ambao wanaweza kuunda kanuni au sheria ndogo za eneo husika, ikiwa ni pamoja na taratibu za kugharamia matengenezo na usimamizi wa malambo.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/knowledge/publication/33501/|title=Water from ponds, pans and dams: a manual on planning, design, construction and maintenance|last=Lindqvist|first=A. K.|date=2005-01-01|publisher=International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF)|isbn=978-9966-896-67-4|language=en}}</ref> Katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, uhaba wa maji umehusishwa na migogoro kuhusu upatikanaji wa maji na malisho, hususan wakati wa kiangazi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Governance in Pastoralist Areas of Africa|url=https://fic.tufts.edu/publication-item/water-governance-in-pastoralist-areas-of-africa/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=Feinstein International Center, Tufts University|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> [[File:KenyaWaterPan.jpg|thumb| Ng'ombe wakinywa maji katika lambo nchini Kenya wakati wa msimu wa kiangazi.]] Sababu za kawaida za migogoro ni pamoja na umiliki wa ardhi, uchafuzi wa mazingira, uchafuzi wa maji, kutengwa kwa baadhi ya jamii, kwa mfano wafugaji, pamoja na kutokuwepo kwa kanuni zilizo wazi za matumizi na upatikanaji wa maji.<ref>{{cite report|last1=Omosa|first1=Eileen|title=The Impact of Water Conflicts on Pastoral Livelihoods: The Case of Wajir District in Kenya|url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/impact-water-conflicts-pastoral-livelihoods-case-wajir-district-kenya|work=International Institute for Sustainable Development|date=August 2005}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref> Usimamizi wa malambo unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na kutokuwepo kwa uwazi kuhusu umiliki, haki za watumiaji na ukosefu wa uratibu miongoni mwa mamlaka zinazohusika. Haki za kimila na mifumo ya jadi ya utawala mara nyingi huathiri umiliki na kanuni za upatikanaji wa maji. Matengenezo ni changamoto ya kudumu, hali inayosababisha mara kwa mara ujazaji wa mchanga, upotevu wa maji na uharibifu wa miundombinu. <ref>{{cite report|first1=Black|last1=Joshua|first2=Malesu Mabanga|last2=Maimbo|first3=Oduor Alex|last3=Raymound|author4=Cherogony Kipruto|author5=Meerman Robert|title=Rainwater Harvesting Inventory of Kenya. An overview of techniques, sustainability factor and stakeholders|date=2012|doi=10.13140/2.1.2299.5208}}</ref><ref>Mutunga, N.; Kiilu, N. (2016). ''Water Harvesting Structures and Their Sustainability in Kenya's Drylands''. ASAL Research Program Report.{{vs|date=July 2026}}</ref> Katika maeneo ambako miundombinu hii imejengwa, sehemu za kuchotea maji kwa matumizi ya binadamu au mifugo mara nyingi huharibika na kushindwa kufanya kazi. Miradi inayofadhiliwa na taasisi za nje inaweza kusababisha migogoro, umiliki mdogo wa jamii na ukosefu wa matengenezo ya muda mrefu. Kuweka kanuni zilizo wazi na kuimarisha ushirikiano kati ya mamlaka za mitaa na serikali kunaweza kuboresha usimamizi, ingawa mara nyingi juhudi hizo hukwamishwa na uwezo mdogo wa serikali za mitaa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhalla |first1=Sophie |last2=Garrick |first2=Dustin |last3=McDermott |first3=Constance L. |date=May 2025 |title=Trust, hope, and collective action in fragile political settings: A qualitative comparative analysis of water user groups in Tunisia |journal=World Development |volume=189 |bibcode=2025WoDev.18906928B |doi=10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.106928 |article-number=106928}}</ref> Baadhi ya malambo yaliyojengwa huongozwa na miongozo madhubuti ya usambazaji wa maji vijijini, lakini kwa ujumla miongozo hiyo inahusu sehemu ndogo tu ya malambo yanayotoa maji kwa jamii za vijijini. Kwa mfano, nchini Kenya na Tanzania, ubia/ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na binafsi, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali au watu binafsi wanaweza kuhusika katika ujenzi wa malambo, huku umiliki ukiwa kwa mjenzi au jamii husika.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>SNV Netherlands Development Organisation (2018). ''A How-To Guide on Making a Water Pan by the Smart Water for Agriculture Programme (SWA)''. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-EUiXqChN0</ref> Katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Tanzania, watumiaji wa eneo husika mara nyingi hudai umiliki usio rasmi kwa msingi wa matumizi ya jadi ya mababu au mchango wa jamii katika ujenzi. Hata hivyo, madai haya ya kimila yanaweza kusababisha migogoro yanapokinzana na sheria za nchi au mifumo rasmi ya umiliki wa ardhi na maji.<ref name=":6">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref> Malambo yanayosimamiwa vizuri kwa kawaida hukusanya ada kwa ajili ya matengenezo.^{<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaliba |first1=Aloyce R. M. |last2=Norman |first2=David W. |last3=Chang |first3=Yang-Ming |date=June 2003 |title=Willingness to pay to improve domestic water supply in rural areas of Central Tanzania: Implications for policy |journal=International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=119–132 |bibcode=2003IJSDW..10..119K |doi=10.1080/13504500309469791}}</ref>} Maji yanayoingia kwenye malambo hutoka katika maeneo ya mkusanyiko wa maji yaliyo chini ya ardhi, na kunaweza kuwa na sehemu tofauti za matumizi ya binadamu na mifugo. Hata hivyo, katika malambo mengi, watu, mifugo na wanyamapori hupata maji kutoka chanzo kimoja. Katika baadhi ya maeneo, ujenzi wa barabara unaweza kusababisha kutokea kwa malambo bila kuwepo kwa mfumo wowote wa usimamizi.   === Changamoto za usimamizi nchini Kenya, Uganda na Tanzania === Nchini Tanzania na Kenya, malambo hutumika kama vyanzo vya maji kwa matumizi ya nyumbani, mifugo na umwagiliaji wa kiwango kidogo, hasa katika maeneo yenye upatikanaji mdogo wa maji ya bomba au mito yenye maji mwaka mzima. Nchi zote mbili za Kenya na Tanzania zimejumuisha malambo katika mikakati yao ya kitaifa ya kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya tabianchi na maendeleo ya vijijini, huku zikitambua umuhimu wake katika sera zinazounga mkono usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya jamii.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Licha ya kuongezeka kwa uungwaji mkono wa kisera kwa malambo katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa, utekelezaji wake unaweza kuwa mgumu kutokana na changamoto kama vile kutokuwepo kwa uwazi wa umiliki, uratibu hafifu baina ya sekta na ushirikishwaji mdogo wa jamii. Muingiliano wa majukumu kati ya taasisi mbalimbali, pamoja na upungufu wa msaada wa kitaalamu na kifedha, mara nyingi husababisha usimamizi mbaya, migogoro na hatimaye kuachwa kwa vyanzo hivyo vya maji.<ref name=":62">{{cite journal |last1=Maganga |first1=Faustin P. |date=January 2003 |title=Incorporating customary laws in implementation of IWRM: some insights from Rufiji River Basin, Tanzania |journal=Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C |volume=28 |issue=20–27 |pages=995–1000 |bibcode=2003PCE....28..995M |doi=10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Water Challenges in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa and their Management|last1=Nyika|first1=Joan|last2=Dinka|first2=Megersa Olumana|date=2023|isbn=978-3-031-26270-8|series=SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology|pages=39–55|chapter=Water Challenges in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-26271-5_3}}</ref><ref>Swallow, B. et al. (2009). ''Competing Water Uses in the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, Kenya''. IWMI Working Paper.</ref> Uwezo wa kitaasisi wa mashirika ya serikali yanayohusika na kuandaa kanuni za matumizi mara nyingi huwa mdogo kutokana na upungufu wa mafunzo, fedha na msaada wa kitaalamu. Sheria za kimila na mifumo ya utawala wa jadi wakati mwingine hukinzana na mifumo ya kitaifa ya usimamizi wa maji, hali inayoweza kusababisha usimamizi usioridhisha.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meinzen-Dick |first1=Ruth |date=25 September 2007 |title=Beyond panaceas in water institutions |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=104 |issue=39 |pages=15200–15205 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0702296104 |pmc=2000530 |pmid=17881577 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pradhan |first1=Rajendra |last2=Meinzen-Dick |first2=Ruth |date=10 January 2003 |title=Which Rights are Right? Water Rights, Culture, and Underlying Values |journal=Water Nepal |volume=10 |issue=1 |doi=10.3126/wn.v10i1.93}}</ref> Sera za kitaifa kama vile Sheria ya Maji ya Kenya ya mwaka 2016 na Sera ya Maji ya Tanzania ya mwaka 2002, iliyosasishwa mwaka 2025, zinajaribu kushughulikia changamoto hizi kwa kuhamishia majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji katika ngazi ya serikali za mitaa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy 2002, Version 2025. {{!}} InforMEA|url=https://www.informea.org/en/content/legislation/national-water-policy-2002-version-2025|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.informea.org}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=THE NATIONAL WATER POLICY, 2021 {{!}} Ministry of Water and Irrigation|url=https://water.go.ke/node/610|access-date=2026-05-20|website=water.go.ke}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mapungufu ya utekelezaji bado yapo, hasa katika kuoanisha sheria za kitaifa na taratibu za eneo husika, kuunganisha mifumo ya kimila na ya kisheria, na kuhakikisha upatikanaji wa maji kwa usawa.<ref>{{cite book|title=Water, Power and Identity|last1=Boelens|first1=Rutgerd|date=2015|isbn=978-1-317-96404-9|doi=10.4324/9781315867557}}{{pn|date=July 2026}}</ref><ref>United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) (2014). ''Water Governance Facility Thematic Paper: Water and Conflict''.</ref> Nchini Kenya, Sheria ya Maji ya mwaka 2016 inahamasisha uhamishaji wa majukumu ya usimamizi wa maji kwenda kwa serikali za kaunti na inatambua nafasi ya bodi za watumiaji wa maji kusimamia miundombinu ya maji kama vile malambo katika ngazi ya jamii.^{<ref name=":72">{{Cite web|title=The Water Act 2016 – Water Resources Authority|url=https://wra.go.ke/download/the-water-act-2016/|access-date=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref>}  Nchini Tanzania, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya mwaka 2002 <ref>{{Cite web|title=The National Water Policy 2002|url=https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/the-national-water-policy-2002/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=PolicyVault.Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> na Sheria ya Usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji ya mwaka 2009 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-01-01|title=Water Resources Management Act, 2009 (No. 11 of 2009); Tanzania, Un. Rep. of {{!}} Water Knowledge Hub|url=https://waterknowledgehub.org/resource/water-resources-management-act-2009-no-11-2009-tanzania-un-rep|access-date=2026-05-20|website=waterknowledgehub.org|language=en}}</ref> zinaweka msingi kwamba rasilimali za maji zinamilikiwa na serikali, huku Mabaraza ya Maji ya mabonde yakihusika na usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji kwa kushirikiana na Vyama vya Watumiaji wa Maji (WUA). Sheria ya Huduma za Maji Vijijini na Usafi wa Mazingira Na. 5 ya mwaka 2019 <ref>{{Cite web|title=Water Supply and Sanitation Act, 2019 (No. 5 of 2019).|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/water-supply-and-sanitation-act-2019-no-5-of-2019-lex-faoc199085/?sortby=newest&q=agua&type=legislation|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> ilianzisha Wakala wa Usambazaji wa Maji na Usafi wa Mazingira Vijijini (RUWASA)<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=RUWASA {{!}}{{!}} RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION AGENCY|url=https://www.ruwasa.go.tz/en#:~:text=The%20Rural%20Water%20Supply%20and%20Sanitation%20Agency,in%20collaboration%20with%20the%20ministry%20of%20Health.|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ruwasa.go.tz}}</ref> kwa ajili ya kutoa huduma salama za maji, ikiwa ni pamoja na maji yanayotokana na malambo. RUWASA imejenga au kukarabati idadi kadhaa ya malambo, ingawa kwa ujumla idadi hiyo bado ni ndogo. Kwa upande mwingine, Sera ya Taifa ya Maji ya Uganda ya mwaka 1999<ref>{{Cite web|title=National Water Policy.|url=https://www.ecolex.org/details/legislation/national-water-policy-lex-faoc158331/|access-date=2026-05-20|website=www.ecolex.org}}</ref> inajumuisha Usimamizi Jumuishi wa Rasilimali za Maji  kama msingi wa matumizi endelevu ya rasilimali za maji. Sera hiyo inasisitiza ushiriki wa watumiaji katika upangaji, uendeshaji na matengenezo ya mifumo ya maji vijijini, hasa katika maeneo yenye hali ya jangwa na nusu jangwa. Jamii zinaweza kumiliki miundombinu hiyo, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali yanaweza kutoa msaada, na programu za kazi za umma zinaweza kushiriki katika ujenzi wake. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:Maji]] 4uxpapj4e29ljkzg1oct6nkzr2g13ix 0 256109 1611293 2026-10-26T12:37:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Mausoleum of Njegoš]] hadi [[Makumbusho ya Njegoš]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611293 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Makumbusho ya Njegoš]] j1bejpw25c35ey0j158utu870anek24 0 256110 1611311 2026-10-26T13:03:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Malambo ya maji]] hadi [[Bwawa la ardhi]]: usahihi wa jina 1611311 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bwawa la ardhi]] iocrefvml7j3peeqf2b6aqwh0zty4ko 10 256111 1611313 2026-10-26T13:13:41Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Navbox musical artist | name = Salif Keita | state = {{{state|}}} | title = [[Salif Keita]] |bodyclass = hlist | background = solo_singer | above = | group1 = Albamu za studio | list1 = - ''Mandjou'' (1978) - ''Seydou Bathili'' (1982) - ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' (1987) - ''[[Ko-Yan]]'' (1989) - ''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]'' (1991) - ''[[Folon (albamu)|Folon]]'' (1995) - ''[[Papa (albamu)|Papa]]'' (1999) - ''[[Moffou]]'' (2002) - ''...' 1611313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox musical artist | name = Salif Keita | state = {{{state|}}} | title = [[Salif Keita]] |bodyclass = hlist | background = solo_singer | above = | group1 = Albamu za studio | list1 = - ''Mandjou'' (1978) - ''Seydou Bathili'' (1982) - ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' (1987) - ''[[Ko-Yan]]'' (1989) - ''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]'' (1991) - ''[[Folon (albamu)|Folon]]'' (1995) - ''[[Papa (albamu)|Papa]]'' (1999) - ''[[Moffou]]'' (2002) - ''M'Bemba'' (2005) - ''La Différence'' (2009) - ''Talé'' (2013) - ''[[Un Autre Blanc]]'' (2018) |group5=Nyimbo |list5= *"[[Madan (wimbo)|Madan]]" (akiwa na [[Martin Solveig]], 2003) | group18 = Zinazohusiana | list18 = - [[Nantenin Keïta]] - [[Rail Band]] }}<noinclude> {{collapsible option}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Keita, Salif}} [[Category:Viogezo vya wanamuziki wa Afrika]] </noinclude> mdjlqyoppvp6r4tioon3gu5p5h1fsnj 0 256112 1611317 2026-10-26T13:18:40Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Soro |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Soro Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la a...' 1611317 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Soro |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Soro Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Soro]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Soro''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1987]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imerekodiwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Studio ya Harry Son, [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Mango Records|Mango]], [[Island Records|Island]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Ibrahima Sylla]], [[François Bréant]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 37:45 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 6 |} '''''Soro''''' ni albamu ya kwanza ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1987. Albamu hiyo inachanganya muziki wa jadi wa [[Kimande]] wa [[Mali]] na sauti za pop, rock na elektroniki za [[Ulaya]]; inatajwa kama albamu iliyompa Keita umaarufu wa kimataifa.<ref name="AfricanArguments">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/lock-down-and-listen-classic-african-music-albums-to-discover/|title=Lockdown and listen: Classic African albums to discover, old and new|work=African Arguments|author=David Smith|date=30 Aprili 2020|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/reviews/milestones/1987-salif-keita-soro/|title=Salif Keita – Soro|work=OndaRock|author=Giuliano Delli Paoli|date=15 Oktoba 2023|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Soro'' ilirekodiwa Paris mwaka 1987, katika Studio ya Harry Son. Albamu hiyo ilipata msaada wa mtayarishaji wa Senegal, Ibrahima Sylla, na wanamuziki wa Mali waliofanya kazi na Keita katika bendi za Rail Band na Les Ambassadeurs, wakiwemo Cheick Tidiane Seck.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Albamu hiyo ilitolewa nchini Afrika kupitia Syllart Productions, na nje ya Afrika kupitia Mango nchini Marekani na EMI nchini Ufaransa. Baadaye, albamu hiyo ilitolewa pia kupitia Island Records.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/cm/album/soro/1442491079|title=Soro – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Soro'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya pop, rock na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na conga, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama kinanda, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AfricanArguments" /> Sauti ya Keita katika albamu hiyo inatajwa kama ya kipekee na yenye nguvu, ikichanganya sauti za jadi za Mali na mtindo wa pop wa Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatajwa kama mojawapo ya albamu muhimu za Afro-pop za miaka ya 1980.<ref name="AfricanArguments" /><ref name="Exclaim">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/salif_keita-golden_voice_of_mali|title=Salif Keita: Golden Voice of Mali|work=Exclaim!|author=David Dacks|date=1 Julai 2006|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Wamba” | 4:46 |- | 2 | “Soro (Afriki)” | 9:51 |- | 3 | “Souareba” | 4:41 |- | 4 | “Sina (Soumbouya)” | 4:49 |- | 5 | “Cono” | 6:02 |- | 6 | “Sanni Kagniba” | 7:58 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1987]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] 4eff0d0i5bzo4on97o9u0ybm531pyk1 1611319 1611317 2026-10-26T13:20:12Z Said Mfaume 68307 1611319 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Soro |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Soro Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Soro]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Soro''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1987]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imerekodiwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Studio ya Harry Son, [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Mango Records|Mango]], [[Island Records|Island]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Ibrahima Sylla]], [[François Bréant]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 37:45 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 6 |} '''''Soro''''' ni albamu ya kwanza ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1987. Albamu hiyo inachanganya muziki wa jadi wa [[Kimande]] wa [[Mali]] na sauti za pop, rock na elektroniki za [[Ulaya]]; inatajwa kama albamu iliyompa Keita umaarufu wa kimataifa.<ref name="AfricanArguments">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/lock-down-and-listen-classic-african-music-albums-to-discover/|title=Lockdown and listen: Classic African albums to discover, old and new|work=African Arguments|author=David Smith|date=30 Aprili 2020|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/reviews/milestones/1987-salif-keita-soro/|title=Salif Keita – Soro|work=OndaRock|author=Giuliano Delli Paoli|date=15 Oktoba 2023|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Soro'' ilirekodiwa Paris mwaka 1987, katika Studio ya Harry Son. Albamu hiyo ilipata msaada wa mtayarishaji wa Senegal, Ibrahima Sylla, na wanamuziki wa Mali waliofanya kazi na Keita katika bendi za Rail Band na Les Ambassadeurs, wakiwemo Cheick Tidiane Seck.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Albamu hiyo ilitolewa nchini Afrika kupitia Syllart Productions, na nje ya Afrika kupitia Mango nchini Marekani na EMI nchini Ufaransa. Baadaye, albamu hiyo ilitolewa pia kupitia Island Records.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/cm/album/soro/1442491079|title=Soro – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Soro'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya pop, rock na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na conga, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama kinanda, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AfricanArguments" /> Sauti ya Keita katika albamu hiyo inatajwa kama ya kipekee na yenye nguvu, ikichanganya sauti za jadi za Mali na mtindo wa pop wa Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatajwa kama mojawapo ya albamu muhimu za Afro-pop za miaka ya 1980.<ref name="AfricanArguments" /><ref name="Exclaim">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/salif_keita-golden_voice_of_mali|title=Salif Keita: Golden Voice of Mali|work=Exclaim!|author=David Dacks|date=1 Julai 2006|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Wamba” | 4:46 |- | 2 | “Soro (Afriki)” | 9:51 |- | 3 | “Souareba” | 4:41 |- | 4 | “Sina (Soumbouya)” | 4:49 |- | 5 | “Cono” | 6:02 |- | 6 | “Sanni Kagniba” | 7:58 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Jamii:Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1987]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] hf1glnvidjx9cla4njwql303m507zp9 1611321 1611319 2026-10-26T13:20:29Z Said Mfaume 68307 /* Marejeo */ 1611321 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Soro |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Soro Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Soro]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Soro''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1987]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imerekodiwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Studio ya Harry Son, [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Mango Records|Mango]], [[Island Records|Island]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Ibrahima Sylla]], [[François Bréant]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 37:45 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 6 |} '''''Soro''''' ni albamu ya kwanza ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1987. Albamu hiyo inachanganya muziki wa jadi wa [[Kimande]] wa [[Mali]] na sauti za pop, rock na elektroniki za [[Ulaya]]; inatajwa kama albamu iliyompa Keita umaarufu wa kimataifa.<ref name="AfricanArguments">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://africanarguments.org/2020/04/lock-down-and-listen-classic-african-music-albums-to-discover/|title=Lockdown and listen: Classic African albums to discover, old and new|work=African Arguments|author=David Smith|date=30 Aprili 2020|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/reviews/milestones/1987-salif-keita-soro/|title=Salif Keita – Soro|work=OndaRock|author=Giuliano Delli Paoli|date=15 Oktoba 2023|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Soro'' ilirekodiwa Paris mwaka 1987, katika Studio ya Harry Son. Albamu hiyo ilipata msaada wa mtayarishaji wa Senegal, Ibrahima Sylla, na wanamuziki wa Mali waliofanya kazi na Keita katika bendi za Rail Band na Les Ambassadeurs, wakiwemo Cheick Tidiane Seck.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Albamu hiyo ilitolewa nchini Afrika kupitia Syllart Productions, na nje ya Afrika kupitia Mango nchini Marekani na EMI nchini Ufaransa. Baadaye, albamu hiyo ilitolewa pia kupitia Island Records.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/cm/album/soro/1442491079|title=Soro – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Soro'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya pop, rock na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na conga, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama kinanda, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /><ref name="AfricanArguments" /> Sauti ya Keita katika albamu hiyo inatajwa kama ya kipekee na yenye nguvu, ikichanganya sauti za jadi za Mali na mtindo wa pop wa Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatajwa kama mojawapo ya albamu muhimu za Afro-pop za miaka ya 1980.<ref name="AfricanArguments" /><ref name="Exclaim">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/salif_keita-golden_voice_of_mali|title=Salif Keita: Golden Voice of Mali|work=Exclaim!|author=David Dacks|date=1 Julai 2006|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Wamba” | 4:46 |- | 2 | “Soro (Afriki)” | 9:51 |- | 3 | “Souareba” | 4:41 |- | 4 | “Sina (Soumbouya)” | 4:49 |- | 5 | “Cono” | 6:02 |- | 6 | “Sanni Kagniba” | 7:58 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1987]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] o3e2iacvbka3bpmn8h6zmye0owcz6e9 14 256113 1611318 2026-10-26T13:19:21Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Albamu kwa msanii]]' 1611318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Albamu kwa msanii]] 460qdcp1cat1rlrfjdh3sml7o1qjksu 0 256114 1611322 2026-10-26T13:30:14Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Ko-Yan |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Ko-Yan Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada...' 1611322 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Ko-Yan |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Ko-Yan Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Ko-Yan]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Ko-Yan''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1 Januari]] [[1989]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]], [[funk]], [[jazz]] na [[elektroniki]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] na [[Kifaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Island Records|Island]], [[Mango Records|Mango]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[François Bréant]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 42:04 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 7 |} '''''Ko-Yan''''' ni albamu ya pili ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1989. Albamu hiyo ni muendelezo wa ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' na inaendelea kuchanganya muziki wa jadi wa Mande wa Mali na sauti za funk, jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya.<ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ko-yan/1470231720|title=Ko-Yan – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/monographs/salif-keita/|title=Salif Keita – biography, reviews, streaming, discography, photos|work=OndaRock|author=François Bréant|date=18 Mei 2025|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Ko-Yan'' ilitolewa mwaka 1989, ikiwa ni albamu ya pili ya Keita baada ya ''Soro''. Albamu hiyo ilitayarishwa tena na François Bréant, na inaendelea na safari ya majaribio ya sauti iliyozinduliwa katika albamu iliyotangulia.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Albamu hiyo inachanganya ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, zilizopigwa na Kélétigui Diabaté, na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Ko-Yan'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya funk, jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Wimbo wa “Nou Pas Bouger” ni miongoni mwa nyimbo za kwanza za Keita kwa Kifaransa, na unazungumza hali ya wahamiaji wa Kiafrika nchini Ufaransa. Wimbo huo unachanganya midundo ya Mande na mtindo wa electro-funk.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Mada na ujumbe == Kabla ya ''Ko-Yan'', albamu ya ''Soro'' ilikuwa na nyimbo za kibinafsi na za ndani. ''Ko-Yan'' inabadilika na kuwa na ujumbe wa kijamii na kisiasa, ukizungumza dhuluma, ubaguzi wa rangi na matumaini ya umoja wa binadamu.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Jina la albamu, ''Ko-Yan'', linamaanisha “mambo yanatokea hapa”. Jina hilo linaonyesha hasira ya Keita kwa dhuluma zilizowahi kufanyiwa Waafrika, unafiki wa wenye mamlaka na ubaguzi wa rangi.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Yada” | 4:49 |- | 2 | “Nou Pas Bouger” | 7:14 |- | 3 | “Ko-Yan” | 4:47 |- | 4 | “Fe-So” | 4:36 |- | 5 | “Primpin” | 8:37 |- | 6 | “Tenin” | 6:15 |- | 7 | “Sabou” | 5:46 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1989]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] 8ix4eg9a1uijltf7dcjkpfc8tr2kjoe 0 256115 1611323 2026-10-26T13:34:10Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Amen |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Amen Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la a...' 1611323 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Amen |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Amen Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Amen]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Amen''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1 Januari]] [[1991]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]], [[jazz]] na [[elektroniki]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Island Records|Island]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Jean-Philippe Rykiel]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 43:15 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 8 |} '''''Amen''''' ni albamu ya tatu ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1991. Albamu mwendelezo wa safari iliyozishwa tangu katika albamu ya ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' na ''[[Ko-Yan]]''.<ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/amen/1443486586|title=Amen – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Amen'' ilitolewa mwaka 1991, ikiwa ni albamu ya tatu ya Keita. Albamu hiyo ilitayarishwa na Jean-Philippe Rykiel, na inaendelea kuchanganya muziki wa jadi wa Mande wa Mali na sauti za jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya.<ref name="AppleMusic" /> Albamu hiyo inachanganya ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, zilizopigwa na Kélétigui Diabaté, na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/monographs/salif-keita/|title=Salif Keita – biography, reviews, streaming, discography, photos|work=OndaRock|author=François Bréant|date=18 Mei 2025|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Amen'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Wimbo wa “Nyanafin” ni miongoni mwa nyimbo maarufu za albamu hiyo. Wimbo huo unazungumza hali ya watu wenye ualbino nchini Mali, na unahusishwa na uzoefu wa binafsi wa Keita.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Mada na ujumbe == ''Amen'' inaendelea na mada za kijamii na kisiasa zilizoanza katika albamu ya ''Ko-Yan''. Albamu hiyo inazungumza dhuluma, ubaguzi wa rangi na matumaini ya umoja wa binadamu.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Jina la albamu, ''Amen'', linamaanisha “aamini”. Jina hilo linaonyesha matumaini ya Keita kwa siku njema za baadaye.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Yele N Na” | 4:15 |- | 2 | “Waraya” | 6:07 |- | 3 | “Tono” | 5:32 |- | 4 | “Kuma” | 5:00 |- | 5 | “Nyanafin” | 5:41 |- | 6 | “Karifa” | 4:07 |- | 7 | “N B'i Fe” | 5:11 |- | 8 | “Lony” | 7:56 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1991]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] d868dneyd43yvre0g4j1rbt1d23cgxz 14 256116 1611324 2026-10-26T13:37:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]]' 1611324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Kenya]] seavfnrvhvrx5asj98q2zbph39el3vp 0 256117 1611328 2026-10-26T13:40:20Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Folon |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Folon Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la...' 1611328 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Folon |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Folon Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Folon]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Folon''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1 Januari]] [[1995]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]], [[jazz]] na [[elektroniki]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Island Records|Island]], [[Mango Records|Mango]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kélétigui Diabaté]], [[Kanté Manfila]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 55:55 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 9 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu za nyuma za Salif Keita |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' (1987)<br />''[[Ko-Yan]]'' (1989)<br />''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]'' (1991) |} '''''Folon''''' ni albamu ya nne ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1995. Inakuja baada ya ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'', ''[[Ko-Yan]]'' na ''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]''.<ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/folon/1442978983|title=Folon – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Folon'' ilitolewa mwaka 1995, ikiwa ni albamu ya nne ya Keita. Albamu hiyo ilitayarishwa na Kélétigui Diabaté na Kanté Manfila, na inaendelea kuchanganya muziki wa jadi wa Mande wa Mali na sauti za jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya.<ref name="AppleMusic" /> Albamu hiyo inachanganya ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, zilizopigwa na Kélétigui Diabaté, na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ondarock.com/monographs/salif-keita/|title=Salif Keita – biography, reviews, streaming, discography, photos|work=OndaRock|author=François Bréant|date=18 Mei 2025|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == ''Folon'' inachanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mande wa Mali na vipengele vya jazz na elektroniki za Ulaya. Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi kama kora na balafon, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama synthesizer, gitaa la umeme na ngoma za elektroniki.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Wimbo wa “Mandjou” ni miongoni mwa nyimbo maarufu za albamu hiyo. Wimbo huo unazungumza hali ya watu wenye ualbino nchini Mali, na unahusishwa na uzoefu wa binafsi wa Keita.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Mada na ujumbe == ''Folon'' inaendelea na mada za kijamii na kisiasa zilizoanza katika albamu ya ''Ko-Yan''. Albamu hiyo inazungumza dhuluma, ubaguzi wa rangi na matumaini ya umoja wa binadamu.<ref name="OndaRock" /> Jina la albamu, ''Folon'', linamaanisha “zamani”. Jina hilo linaonyesha matumaini ya Keita kwa siku njema za baadaye.<ref name="OndaRock" /> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Tekere” | 6:34 |- | 2 | “Mandjou” | 10:37 |- | 3 | “Africa” | 6:00 |- | 4 | “Nyanyama” | 6:18 |- | 5 | “Mandela” | 4:30 |- | 6 | “Sumun” | 6:57 |- | 7 | “Seydou” | 5:47 |- | 8 | “Dakan-Fe” | 5:06 |- | 9 | “Folon” | 4:27 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1995]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] rjw22ms0gkirh7dyqbrovdadgm19wkv 14 256118 1611330 2026-10-26T13:44:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Kosta Rika|S]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa nchi kwa nchi|K]]' 1611330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Kosta Rika|S]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa nchi kwa nchi|K]] 2z59go6mca6616773t3lzul9z4e9ycs 0 256119 1611331 2026-10-26T13:44:13Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Papa |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Papa Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la a...' 1611331 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Papa |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Papa Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Papa]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Papa''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[1999]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imerekodiwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Bamako]], [[Mali]]; [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]]; [[New York City]], [[Marekani]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]], [[funk]], [[trip hop]] na [[rock]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kibambara]] na [[Kiingereza]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Metro Blue]], [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Salif Keita]], [[Vernon Reid]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 51:24 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 9 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu za nyuma za Salif Keita |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' (1987)<br />''[[Ko-Yan]]'' (1989)<br />''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]'' (1991)<br />''[[Folon (albamu)|Folon]]'' (1995) |} '''''Papa''''' ni albamu ya tano ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa mwaka 1999. Albamu hiyo ni heshima kwa baba wa Keita, aliyefariki mwaka 1995, na inachanganya muziki wa jadi wa Mande wa Mali na sauti za funk, trip hop, rock na elektroniki za [[Marekani|Marekan]]<nowiki/>i.<ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/papa/1844447732|title=Papa – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Afrisson">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.afrisson.com/papa-4022/|title=Papa|work=Afrisson|author=Nago Seck|date=15 Mei 2007|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=fr}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Papa'' ilirekodiwa katika miji ya Bamako, Mali; Paris, Ufaransa; na New York City, Marekani. Albamu hiyo ilitayarishwa kwa pamoja na Keita na Vernon Reid, mpiga gitaa mahiri wa bendi ya Living Colour. Albamu hiyo inawashirikisha wageni wa kipekee kama Toumani Diabaté, mpiga kora nguli wa Mali; Grace Jones, mwimbaji maarufu kutoka Jamaica; na John Medeski, mpiga kinanda kutoka Marekani.<ref name="Afrisson" /><ref name="Encyclopedia">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/keita-salif|title=Keita, Salif|work=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Sauti na mtindo == Albamu hiyo inatumia ala za jadi za Mali kama kora, balafon na djembe, pamoja na ala za kisasa kama gitaa la umeme, kinanda na ngoma za elektroniki. Kélétigui Diabaté, mpiga balafon maarufu wa Mali, alishirikiana kwa karibu katika albamu hiyo. Nyimbo zimeimbwa kwa Kibambara, lugha ya asili ya Keita, huku kukiwa na matumizi ya Kiingereza katika baadhi ya nyimbo.<ref name="Afrisson" /><ref name="Encyclopedia" /> == Mada na ujumbe == Albamu hii inaangazia mada za kibinafsi na za kijamii: * Wimbo wa “Papa” ni maalumu kama heshima kwa baba yake mzazi aliyefariki mwaka 1995. * Wimbo wa “Mama” unazungumzia ndoa ya binti yake. * Wimbo wa “Bolon” ni muziki wa kasi unaokumbusha miondoko ya James Brown. * Wimbo wa “Tomorrow (Sadio)” unaleta ujumbe wa matumaini kwa siku zijazo.<ref name="Afrisson" /><ref name="Encyclopedia" /> == Mapokezi == ''Papa'' ilipata sifa nzuri sana kutoka kwa wakosoaji wa muziki duniani kote: * Mwandishi wa muziki wa Marekani, Robert Christgau, aliipa albamu hiyo daraja la A−. * Gazeti la Marekani ''The Village Voice'' lilisifu sauti ya Keita kwenye wimbo wa “Bolon”. * Gazeti la Uingereza ''The Guardian'' lilisifu nyimbo za “Bolon” na “Tolon Wilile” kama kazi bora zinazoweza kutamba kwenye vilabu vya dansi.<ref name="Encyclopedia" /> Aidha, albamu hiyo iliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Grammy ya Albamu Bora ya Muziki wa Dunia, na ilikuwa albamu ya kwanza ya Keita kutolewa chini ya lebo maarufu ya jazz ya Marekani, Blue Note Records.<ref name="Encyclopedia" /> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Bolon” | 6:02 |- | 2 | “Mama” | 6:02 |- | 3 | “Ananamin (It's Been So Long)” | 5:11 |- | 4 | “Sada” | 5:41 |- | 5 | “Tolon Wilile (The Party Is On)” | 5:11 |- | 6 | “Tomorrow (Sadio)” | 5:41 |- | 7 | “Abédé” | 5:11 |- | 8 | “Papa” | 6:02 |- | 9 | “Together (Gnokon Fe)” | 6:02 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1999]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] 7ze6y2z19wl5x1miv3q3gqdl0tbw1ph 14 256120 1611332 2026-10-26T13:45:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uskoti|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uskoti|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] 56l5i7dbk026po6gblqm0qe73rxui7v 14 256121 1611333 2026-10-26T13:46:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Eire|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|E]]' 1611333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Eire|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|E]] ccss25hbrk8vxvmyco4s0a6wdhqqjh9 1611353 1611333 2026-10-26T13:54:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|E]] cq03k9d5pleeqky74k64p0vb9fgs9vj 0 256122 1611334 2026-10-26T13:48:28Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Moffou |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | Picha:Moffou Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada...' 1611334 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Moffou |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Moffou Salif Keita.jpg|250px|Jalada la albamu ya Moffou]]<br /><small>Jalada la albamu ya ''Moffou''</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu ya studio ya [[Salif Keita]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imetolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[25 Machi]] [[2002]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Imerekodiwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Les Studios De La Seine, [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Afro-pop]], [[Mande music|muziki wa Mande]], [[acoustic]] na [[folk]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kimalinke]] na [[Kifaransa]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lebo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Universal Jazz France]], [[Decca Records France|Decca France]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtayarishaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Salif Keita]], [[Jean Lamoot]], [[Freddy Zerbib]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muda: | style="padding: 3px;" | 62:11 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nyimbo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 11 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Albamu za nyuma za Salif Keita |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | ''[[Soro (albamu)|Soro]]'' (1987)<br />''[[Ko-Yan]]'' (1989)<br />''[[Amen (albamu ya Salif Keita)|Amen]]'' (1991)<br />''[[Folon (albamu)|Folon]]'' (1995)<br />''[[Papa (albamu)|Papa]]'' (1999) |} '''''Moffou''''' ni albamu ya kumi ya studio ya mwimbaji wa [[Mali]], [[Salif Keita]], iliyotolewa tarehe 25 Machi 2002. Albamu hiyo inaashiria kurudi kwa Keita kwenye mizizi yake ya asili ya Kiafrika, baada ya miaka kadhaa ya kujaribu miondoko ya rock na jazz. Albamu inachanganya muziki wa jadi wa Mande wa Mali na sauti za ya Ulaya.<ref name="AppleMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/moffou/1511482137|title=Moffou – Salif Keïta|work=Apple Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref name="RecordHub">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.therecordhub.com/products/vinyl-salif-keita-moffou|title=Salif Keïta Moffou|work=The Record Hub|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Historia ya albamu == ''Moffou'' ilirekodiwa mnamo mwaka 2001 katika studio za Les Studios De La Seine huko Paris, Ufaransa. Kazi hii ilitayarishwa kwa pamoja na Salif Keita, Jean Lamoot na Freddy Zerbib, na baadaye ikatoka rasmi mwaka 2002 kupitia lebo ya Universal Jazz France.<ref name="AppleMusic" /><ref name="RecordHub" /> Jina la albamu hiyo, *Moffou*, linatokana na filimbi ya jadi inayotumiwa na watoto wa kuchunga mifugo nchini Mali kuwaita wanyama au kucheza. Jina hili linaakisi hamu ya msanii kurudi kwenye maisha rahisi ya vijijini na asili yake.<ref name="RecordHub" /> == Sauti na mtindo == Katika albamu hii, Keita anatumia ala za jadi za Mali kama vile kora, balafon na ngoma mbalimbali za asili, akizichanganya kwa ustadi mkubwa na gitaa la akustika na kinanda. Nguli wa balafon Kélétigui Diabaté naye alishiriki kikamilifu katika kuipa albamu hiyo ladha ya kipekee. Nyimbo zimeimbwa kwa lugha ya Kimalinke, huku kukiwa na matumizi ya Kifaransa katika baadhi ya nyimbo.<ref name="AppleMusic" /><ref name="RecordHub" /> == Mada na nyimbo maarufu == Albamu inajumuisha jumbe mbalimbali za upendo, heshima, na maisha ya jamii: * Wimbo wa “Yamore” ni wimbo mtamu wa mapenzi unaomshirikisha mwanamuziki nguli wa Cape Verde, Cesária Évora. * Wimbo wa “Moussolou” umetolewa maalum kama sifa na uthamani kwa wanawake. * Wimbo wa “Baba” ni ujumbe wa heshima na kumbukumbu kwa baba yake mzazi aliyefariki mwaka 1995. * Wimbo wa “Madan” unaleta mdundo wa kasi unaofaa sana kwa sherehe na starehe.<ref name="AppleMusic" /><ref name="RecordHub" /> == Mapokezi == ''Moffou'' ilipokelewa kwa mikono miwili na wakosoaji wa muziki duniani kote. Gazeti la Uingereza ''The Guardian'' lilisifu albamu hiyo kama kielelezo kamili cha "kurudi kwa mizizi" ya msanii, wakati ''The New York Times'' ilisifu uwezo wa sauti ya Keita katika wimbo “Yamore”.<ref name="AppleMusic" /><ref name="RecordHub" /> Albamu hiyo ilifanikiwa kuuza nakala zaidi ya 200,000 duniani kote na kumletea sifa kubwa kimataifa.<ref name="RecordHub" /> == Orodha ya nyimbo == {| class="wikitable" ! No. ! Jina ! Muda |- | 1 | “Yamore” (akimshirikisha Cesária Évora) | 7:22 |- | 2 | “Iniagige” | 4:33 |- | 3 | “Madan” | 5:59 |- | 4 | “Katolon” | 6:58 |- | 5 | “Souvent” | 3:16 |- | 6 | “Moussolou” | 4:59 |- | 7 | “Baba” | 4:43 |- | 8 | “Ana Na Ming” | 6:17 |- | 9 | “Koukou” | 6:02 |- | 10 | “Here” | 9:04 |- | 11 | “Madan (Remix)” | 3:11 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Salif Keita}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Salif Keita]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 2002]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Afro-pop]] gbxcbkojeufxvf6aq5l34vjxgit54ma 14 256123 1611350 2026-10-26T13:53:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Eire|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|E]]' 1611350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Eire|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|E]] 9jm2ydq95et72p5cm32jbff6fr0n9z7 1611351 1611350 2026-10-26T13:53:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|E]] 9os7b0x9xbgx1p1q04nkaidt0ki7xp5 14 256124 1611354 2026-10-26T13:55:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|W]]' 1611354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|W]] gmioshp579yocrc5mgjwkl0zcr9ahae 14 256125 1611355 2026-10-26T13:56:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uholanzi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uholanzi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] szyvwhvb5zw6320ozptde3vatxaobya 14 256126 1611356 2026-10-26T13:57:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|W]]' 1611356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Welisi|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi|W]] j10ao1sy6u3c16f31d7g4yzk30r62x8 14 256127 1611372 2026-10-26T14:04:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611372 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uingereza|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|U]] i3rn51889fdd22aacgph2pqwtyziu2c 14 256128 1611373 2026-10-26T14:05:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uhindi|F]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|I]]' 1611373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uhindi|F]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu nchi kwa nchi|I]] 4c8hkl7dee4ho996rq175yngw788a9h 14 256129 1611374 2026-10-26T14:05:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Australia|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|A]]' 1611374 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Australia|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|A]] 9gt6ryvmohxr2vg2ppq0l5ik4a9vr4m 14 256130 1611375 2026-10-26T14:06:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Malawi|S]] [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|M]]' 1611375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Malawi|S]] [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|M]] qd1z38h5u3l1fdh9k587i7usxlarjxg 14 256131 1611376 2026-10-26T14:06:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Uswidi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Uswidi|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] l9cb3590gfvgql4rwwann0j2hf4zddg 0 256132 1611378 2026-10-26T14:07:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Morten Nielsen (mabaharia)]] hadi [[Morten Nielsen (baharia)]]: usahihi wa jina 1611378 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Morten Nielsen (baharia)]] 6vo5quezb59voc30ne9qafa2zk5ixt3 14 256133 1611379 2026-10-26T14:08:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Udeni|C]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Udeni|C]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo nchi kwa nchi|U]] 7w1ba3pxg7wl99itxjivda24ddmnkts 1611380 1611379 2026-10-26T14:08:50Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Denmark|C]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo|U]] ggn9o0b1vhqkfsbgwe994n46q1yisvc 14 256134 1611381 2026-10-26T14:10:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Denmark|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Denmark|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] 21godq8jbg3grd06wd76mi4iknpauo2 14 256135 1611382 2026-10-26T14:10:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Ufini|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]]' 1611382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Ufini|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] a6vxms3iabbpc1nphx2g3h4p4a4kohp 14 256136 1611383 2026-10-26T14:11:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Marekani|D]] [[Jamii:madaktari|M]]' 1611383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Marekani|D]] [[Jamii:madaktari|M]] qefvazzh9objxxnmeb7hvp42h22mvvd 14 256137 1611390 2026-10-26T14:15:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Afrika Kusini|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|A]]' 1611390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Afrika Kusini|C]] [[Jamii:wachezaji nchi kwa nchi|A]] 3gtb1xc56flrnagreio8art97z3288m 14 256138 1611391 2026-10-26T14:15:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Hispania|M]] [[Jamii:wanamitindo nchi kwa nchi|H]]' 1611391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Hispania|M]] [[Jamii:wanamitindo nchi kwa nchi|H]] bdszpg1nb9rq2urmfkoqu1fqa5kxj6w 0 256139 1611394 2026-10-26T14:17:44Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Filmer Sceats''' F.I.O. alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] kutoka [[Australia]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1938.tb01212.x Minimum Equipment; Its Use and Value] Retrieved 23 March 2025.</ref> Idara ya Optometria ya chuo kikuu cha New South Wales hutoa Tuzo ya Kumbukumbu ya Filmer Sceats kwa kutambua kazi yake ya uanzilishi wa fani ya optometria nchini Australia.<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-09...' 1611394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filmer Sceats''' F.I.O. alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] kutoka [[Australia]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1938.tb01212.x Minimum Equipment; Its Use and Value] Retrieved 23 March 2025.</ref> Idara ya Optometria ya chuo kikuu cha New South Wales hutoa Tuzo ya Kumbukumbu ya Filmer Sceats kwa kutambua kazi yake ya uanzilishi wa fani ya optometria nchini Australia.<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1974.tb04309.x Prize Presentation Dinner] Retrieved 21 March 2025.</ref> Kazi yake ya awali ya optometria ilikuwa mjini [[Canberra]] na Queanbeyan na alifanya miunganisho mingi ndani ya Bunge la Australia akiwemo Waziri Mkuu wa Australia Ben Chifley.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110620679 |title=OBITUARY Mr Filmer Sceats |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=47 |issue=13,282 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=16 November 1972 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Miunganisho yake ya kibunge ilisababisha optometry kuwa shahada ya chuo kikuu baada ya awali kuwa kozi ya chuo cha kawaida pekee. Kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1920 Sceats alianza kujulikana kitaifa kama mtaalamu katika eneo la optometry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234985705 |title=CARE OF THE EYES. |newspaper=The Propeller |volume=XVIII |issue=919 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=19 October 1928 |accessdate=23 March 2025 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} kb4ovhfdmhm45w7cgepabnobv7zgcqj 1611402 1611394 2026-10-26T14:26:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Filmer Sceats''' F.I.O. alikuwa mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] kutoka [[Australia]].<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1938.tb01212.x Minimum Equipment; Its Use and Value] Retrieved 23 March 2025.</ref> Idara ya Optometria ya chuo kikuu cha New South Wales hutoa Tuzo ya Kumbukumbu ya Filmer Sceats kwa kutambua kazi yake ya uanzilishi wa fani ya optometria nchini Australia.<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1444-0938.1974.tb04309.x Prize Presentation Dinner] Retrieved 21 March 2025.</ref> Kazi yake ya awali ya optometria ilikuwa mjini [[Canberra]] na Queanbeyan na alifanya miunganisho mingi ndani ya Bunge la Australia akiwemo Waziri Mkuu wa Australia Ben Chifley.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article110620679 |title=OBITUARY Mr Filmer Sceats |newspaper=The Canberra Times |volume=47 |issue=13,282 |location=Australian Capital Territory, Australia |date=16 November 1972 |accessdate=5 March 2025 |page=20 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> Miunganisho yake ya kibunge ilisababisha optometry kuwa shahada ya chuo kikuu baada ya awali kuwa kozi ya chuo cha kawaida pekee. Kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1920 Sceats alianza kujulikana kitaifa kama mtaalamu katika eneo la optometry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article234985705 |title=CARE OF THE EYES. |newspaper=The Propeller |volume=XVIII |issue=919 |location=New South Wales, Australia |date=19 October 1928 |accessdate=23 March 2025 |page=2 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wanasayansi wa Australia]] py2os2agqffc02u5zsdpskulaq5uvjj 14 256140 1611401 2026-10-26T14:23:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kongo|I]] [[Jamii:waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|K]]' 1611401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kongo|I]] [[Jamii:waimbaji nchi kwa nchi|K]] htahr6gib4th4d70kwtt3q0e45vu621 0 256141 1611418 2026-10-26T17:50:27Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611418 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marina Confalone''' (alizaliwa [[2 Juni]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]], [[mwandishi]] wa [[filamu]], mkurugenzi wa maigizo ya jukwaani na mwandishi. Amepokea [[tuzo]] tano za ''David di Donatello''. Alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Napoli]], Italia, na ameshiriki katika filamu nyingi, zikiwemo ''Così parlò Bellavista'', ''The Second Time, Notes of Love, The Vice of Hope'', ambayo ilimpatia tuzo nne za ''David di Donatello'' za Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Anayesaidia, na Incantesimo napoletano, ambayo ilimpatia tuzo ya ''David di Donatello'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike. == Filamu alizoshiriki zilizochaguliwa == * ''The Sensuous Nurse, iliyoongozwa na Nello Rossati (''[[1975]]'')'' * ''Febbre da cavallo, iliyoongozwa na Steno (''[[1976]]'')'' * ''City of Women (La città delle donne), iliyoongozwa na Federico Fellini (''[[1980]]'')'' * ''Fontamara, iliyoongozwa na Carlo Lizzani (''1980'')'' * ''Il marchese del Grillo, iliyoongozwa na Mario Monicelli (''[[1981]]'')'' * ''Grog, iliyoongozwa na Francesco Laudadio (''[[1982]]'').''<ref>https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/23_gennaio_25/marina-confalone-divenni-attrice-mio-padre-non-mi-parlo-18-anni-la-laurito-vivevamo-miseria-06135b40-9c79-11ed-a580-54302ddbec2f.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174555/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} hh5jtqxqxs3uq9lcs2yxel2v16hatjq 0 256142 1611420 2026-10-26T17:57:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Augusto De Luca photographer - Ritratto a Lina Sastri.jpg|thumb| '''Lina Sastri''']] '''Pasqualina “Lina” Sastri''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Alianza kuigiza katika maigizo ya wasanii wasio wa kitaalamu akiwa na umri mdogo sana. Alianza kazi yake ya kitaalamu kupitia kikundi cha maigizo cha ''Teatro Libero'', na alipata umaarufu [[mwaka]] [[1974]] baada ya kuigiza katika [[tamthilia]] ya [[muziki]] ''Masaniello''. Katika maigizo ya jukwaani, alifanya kazi kwa karibu na Giuseppe Patroni Griffi. Pia alishirikiana na Eduardo De Filippo, Fabio Carpi na Memè Perlini. Sastri alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] mwaka [[1977]], alipoonekana katika filamu ''I Am the Law''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0766056/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 46k5pp1ffsyu61m45t8q4pl294cwa68 0 256143 1611426 2026-10-26T18:23:46Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611426 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Piera degli Esposti al Giffoni Film Festival 2010.jpg|thumb|Piera degli Esposti]] '''Piera Degli Esposti''' ([[12 Machi]] [[1938]] – [[14 Agosti]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. Alishiriki katika zaidi ya [[filamu]] na vipindi 70 vya [[televisheni]] kuanzia mwaka [[1966]] hadi [[2020]]. Mwaka [[2009]], alishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''David di Donatello'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Anaesaidia kutokana na nafasi yake ya Bi. Enea katika filamu ''Il divo''. Degli Esposti aliandika kwa kushirikiana na wengine filamu ya mwaka [[1983]] ya ''The Story of Piera'', iliyoongozwa na Marco Ferreri. Filamu hiyo ilitokana na [[kitabu]] kilichojumuisha mazungumzo marefu kati yake na mwandishi Dacia Maraini kuhusu maisha yake mwenyewe, utoto wake na uzoefu wake wa kukua nchini Italia baada ya [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0214766/</ref><ref>https://www.mymovies.it/persone/piera-degli-esposti/4830/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 6qh0xmt7gubtrxed0czw2fviqjyrlsf 0 256144 1611428 2026-10-26T18:30:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna galiena in tres, teatro verdi (fi) 2013, 03 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anna galiena]] '''Anna Galiena''' (alizaliwa [[22 Desemba]] [[1949]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]], anajulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wanaozungumza Kiingereza kupitia ushiriki wake katika [[filamu]] za ''Le Mari de la coiffeuse'', ''Jamón jamón, Being Human'' na ''Senso '45.'' == Kazi == Alizaliwa katika [[familia]] iliyothamini sana sanaa, lakini haikuhamasisha watu kufuata taaluma za kisanii. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 19, aliondoka nyumbani na kuacha masomo yake ya [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]]. Alihamia Ciociaria pamoja na kundi la marafiki ili kushiriki katika maigizo ya jukwaani. Mwaka [[1974]], aliondoka pia nchini Italia na kuishi Toronto kwa miaka michache. Mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1970]], alisafiri kwa ndege hadi New York ili kujaribu bahati yake katika uigizaji.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0302105/</ref><ref>https://www.libero.it/magazine/personaggi/anna-galiena-147572</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ay3jyn4auje1x1uicsce8xha0znbv7e 0 256145 1611429 2026-10-26T18:36:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Francesca Inaudi cropped.jpg|thumb|Francesca Inaudi]] '''Francesca Inaudi''' (alizaliwa [[8 Desemba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] kumi na minane, alichaguliwa na Giorgio Strehler kujiunga na kozi zake za uigizaji katika ''Piccolo Teatro'', iliyoko [[Milano|Milan]]. Baada ya kuhitimu mwaka [[1999]] na kufanya kazi katika maigizo ya jukwaani kwa miaka kadhaa, Inaudi alihamia Rome mwaka [[2004]] ili kufuatilia taaluma ya uigizaji wa filamu. Alianza kuigiza katika filamu ''After Midnight'', iliyoongozwa na Davide Ferrario. Kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu hiyo, alishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''Grolla d'oro'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike na pia akateuliwa kuwania tuzo ya ''Nastro d'Argento'' katika kipengele hicho hicho.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1594999/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140306131308/http://cultura.panorama.it/Francesca-Inaudi-33-anni-e-due-commedie-in-arrivo-Sara-la-star-del-2011</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} iy7uvlt7iotmgt82885d9cb87vr6l2y 0 256146 1611430 2026-10-26T18:43:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Valentina Cervi Venice 2012.jpg|thumb|Valentina Cervi]] '''Valentina Cervi''' (alizaliwa [[13 Aprili]] [[1976]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Ni binti wa mkurugenzi ''Tonino Cervi'' na mjukuu wa mwigizaji ''Gino Cervi''. Mama yake ni ''Marina Gefter'', mtayarishaji wa filamu wa Italia mwenye asili ya [[Austria]] na [[Hungaria]]. Cervi alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] kumi, katika filamu ya mwaka [[1986]] ya ''Portami la luna'', iliyoongozwa na ''Carlo Cotti''. Pia aliigiza katika filamu ya lugha ya Kiingereza ya mwaka [[1996]], ''The Portrait of a Lady'', iliyoongozwa na ''Jane Campion''. Mojawapo ya nafasi zake zilizopongezwa sana ni nafasi ya mwigizaji mkuu katika filamu ya mwaka [[1997]] ya ''Artemisia'', iliyoongozwa na ''Agnès Merlet''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0148982/</ref><ref>https://www.mymovies.it/persone/valentina-cervi/5182/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ae13fil5j5rohtmswym6kmvu863gf2i 0 256147 1611431 2026-10-26T18:45:37Z Reine Cali 85259 kuanzisha makala 1611431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=Fatou Diome|picha=Fatou diome LSlaP 101533.jpg|ukubwa wa picha=200px|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa=Niodior, Senegal|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa=1968|uraia=Senegal na Ufaransa|kazi_yake=Mwandishi|elimu=Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop Chuo Kikuu cha Strasbourg}} '''Fatou Diome''' (aliyezaliwa 1968) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kifaransa]] mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Senegal]], anayejulikana kwa [[riwaya]] yake iliyouza nakala nyingi iitwayo ''The Belly of the Atlantic'', iliyochapishwa [[2003|2003.]]<ref>https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D7655543-4</ref> Kazi zake za uandishi zinachunguza [[maisha]] ya [[wahamiaji]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na uhusiano kati ya Ufaransa na [[Afrika]]. Fatou Diome anaishi jijini [[Strasbourg]], nchini Ufaransa. == Wasifu == Aizaliwa mji wa Niodior, uliopo kwenye kisiwa chenye jina hilohilo katika Delta ya Sine-Saloum, nchini Senegal. Alilelewa na bibi na babu yake. Alisoma shule huko na akaanza kupendezwa sana na [[fasihi]] ya Kifaransa.Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 13, aliondoka Niodior na kuendelea na masomo yake mjini M’Bour. Baadaye, alihamia [[Dakar]] ili kusoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop. Ili kujikimu kimaisha na kugharamia mahitaji yake. Alifanya kazi ya utunzaji wa nyumba. [[1990]], Fatou Diome aliolewa na Mfaransa na kuhamia nchini Ufaransa. Kwa kuwa hakukubaliwa na familia yake ya asili ya kabila la Serer iliyofuata mila za jadi, wala na familia ya mume wake, alitalikiana naye miaka miwili baadaye. [[1994]], Diome alihamia Strasbourg ili kuendelea na masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Strasbourg. Mada ya tasnifu yake ya shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) ilikuwa ''Le Voyage, les échanges et la formation dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Ousmane Sembène'', inayomaanisha ''Safari, Mabadilishano na Elimu katika Kazi za Kifasihi na Kisinema za Ousmane Sembène''. <ref>https://gothanoir.club-efficience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/DIOME-FATOU.pdf</ref><ref>https://africabokutalent.org/directory/talent/fatou-diome/</ref><ref>https://mediatheques.ladomitienne.com/default/fatou-diome.aspx?_lg=fr-FR</ref> Kuanzia [[2002]] hadi [[2003]], Diome alifanya kazi ya kufundisha kwa muda katika Chuo Kikuu cha Marc Bloch kilichopo Strasbourg na katika Taasisi ya Ualimu ya Karlsruhe, nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia [[Septemba 24|Septemba 2004]] hadi [[26 Novemba|Novemba 2006]], aliendesha kipindi cha televisheni kuhusu utamaduni na fasihi kilichoitwa ''Nuit Blanche'' (''Usiku wa Kukesha'') kwenye kituo cha televisheni cha Ufaransa cha France 3 Alsace. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu za watu]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kifaransa]] hia0hatpj40uwws90ztwgy7t1hxx5h6 1611538 1611431 2026-10-27T09:28:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person|jina=Fatou Diome|picha=Fatou diome LSlaP 101533.jpg|ukubwa wa picha=200px|mahala_pa_kuzaliwa=Niodior, Senegal|tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa=1968|uraia=Senegal na Ufaransa|kazi_yake=Mwandishi|elimu=Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop Chuo Kikuu cha Strasbourg}} '''Fatou Diome''' (alizaliwa Niodior, [[1968]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Ufaransa]] mwenye [[asili]] ya [[Senegal]], anayejulikana kwa [[riwaya]] yake iliyouza nakala nyingi iitwayo ''The Belly of the Atlantic'', iliyochapishwa [[2003|2003.]]<ref>https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D7655543-4</ref> Kazi zake za uandishi zinachunguza [[maisha]] ya [[wahamiaji]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] na uhusiano kati ya Ufaransa na [[Afrika]]. Fatou Diome anaishi jijini [[Strasbourg]], nchini Ufaransa. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa mji wa Niodior uliopo kwenye kisiwa chenye jina hilohilo katika Delta ya Sine-Saloum, nchini Senegal. Alilelewa na bibi na babu yake. Alisoma shule huko na akaanza kupendezwa sana na [[fasihi]] ya Kifaransa.Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 13, aliondoka Niodior na kuendelea na masomo yake mjini M’Bour. Baadaye, alihamia [[Dakar]] ili kusoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cheikh Anta Diop. Ili kujikimu kimaisha na kugharamia mahitaji yake. Alifanya kazi ya utunzaji wa nyumba. Mwaka [[1990]], Fatou Diome aliolewa na Mfaransa na kuhamia nchini Ufaransa. Kwa kuwa hakukubaliwa na familia yake ya asili ya kabila la Serer iliyofuata mila za jadi, wala na familia ya mume wake, alitalikiana naye miaka miwili baadaye. Mwaka [[1994]], Diome alihamia Strasbourg ili kuendelea na masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Strasbourg. Mada ya tasnifu yake ya shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) ilikuwa ''Le Voyage, les échanges et la formation dans l'œuvre littéraire et cinématographique de Ousmane Sembène'', inayomaanisha ''Safari, Mabadilishano na Elimu katika Kazi za Kifasihi na Kisinema za Ousmane Sembène''. <ref>https://gothanoir.club-efficience.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/DIOME-FATOU.pdf</ref><ref>https://africabokutalent.org/directory/talent/fatou-diome/</ref><ref>https://mediatheques.ladomitienne.com/default/fatou-diome.aspx?_lg=fr-FR</ref> Kuanzia [[2002]] hadi [[2003]], Diome alifanya kazi ya kufundisha kwa muda katika Chuo Kikuu cha Marc Bloch kilichopo Strasbourg na katika Taasisi ya Ualimu ya Karlsruhe, nchini [[Ujerumani]]. Kuanzia [[Septemba 24|Septemba 2004]] hadi [[26 Novemba|Novemba 2006]], aliendesha kipindi cha televisheni kuhusu utamaduni na fasihi kilichoitwa ''Nuit Blanche'' (''Usiku wa Kukesha'') kwenye kituo cha televisheni cha Ufaransa cha France 3 Alsace. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Kifaransa]] t5mlxiyvmj2bq7f3bu5bbpsvqpj5wum 0 256148 1611433 2026-10-26T18:49:10Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Isabella Ragonese by Emons Edizioni.png|thumb|Isabella Ragonese]] '''Isabella Ragonese''' (alizaliwa [[19 Mei]] [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. Alisomea uigizaji katika Shule ya ''Teatès'' mjini [[Palermo]], chini ya uongozi wa mkurugenzi Michele Perriera. Wakati wa masomo yake, aliandika, akaongoza na kuigiza katika matoleo kadhaa yaliyotokana na [[tamthilia]] zake. Mwaka [[1998]], alishinda [[tuzo]] ya kwanza katika INDA (Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Tamthilia za Kale) kwa kuandika insha fupi kuhusu mhusika ''Hecuba''. Alihitimu mwaka [[2000]] na kupata cheti cha uigizaji. Alishiriki katika filamu yake ya kwanza, ''Nuovomondo'', mwaka [[2006]], iliyoongozwa na Emanuele Crialese. Ana uhusiano wa kimapenzi na Samuel Umberto Romano, mwimbaji mkuu wa bendi ya ''Subsonica''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2431340/</ref><ref>https://www.grazia.it/magazine/isabella-ragonese-intervista</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 675jj6tmmaxs6iuh94qlvbi6zqnehnm 0 256149 1611434 2026-10-26T18:55:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Carolina Crescentini - 66ème Festival de Venise crop.jpg|thumb|Carolina Crescentini]] '''Carolina Crescentini''' (alizaliwa [[18 Aprili]] [[1980]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. Alihitimu katika ''Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia'' na ni nyota wa filamu iliyopata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara, ''Parlami d'amore'', iliyoongozwa na Silvio Muccino. Alifanya kazi na Giuliano Montaldo katika filamu ''I demoni di San Pietroburgo'' na Fausto Brizzi katika filamu ''Notte prima degli esami – Oggi''. Mwaka [[2008]], Crescentini alikuwa mwigizaji mkuu katika video ya wimbo ''Non c'è contatto'', ulioimbwa na Silvia Mezzanotte na kuandikwa na Emilio Munda. Mwaka huohuo, aliteuliwa kuwania [[tuzo]] ya ''David di Donatello'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Anayesaidia kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Parlami d'amore''. Crescentini alifunga ndoa na mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo Francesco Motta mwaka [[2019]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1968793/</ref><ref>https://cinefilos.it/personaggi/carolina-crescentini-francesco-motta-boris-instagram-427821</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cvth56k0er6v8oozl1e63p9ki1jdc0c 0 256150 1611436 2026-10-26T19:01:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vittoria Belvedere''' (alizaliwa [[17 Januari]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. Ameshiriki katika [[filamu]] kadhaa, lakini kazi zake nyingi zimejikita katika vipindi vya [[televisheni]]. == Kazi == Mwaka [[1992]], alianza kuigiza katika filamu ''In camera mia'', iliyoongozwa na Luciano Martino. Mwaka [[1993]], alionekana katika mfululizo mfupi wa televisheni ''Delitti privati'', ulioongozwa na Sergio Martino. Aliigiza nafasi ya Julia the Elder katika mfululizo mfupi wa televisheni wa [[Uingereza]] na [[Italia]], ''Imperium: Augustus''. Mwaka [[2003]], aliwasilisha tamasha la ''Sanremo Festival'' pamoja na ''Pippo Baudo'' na ''Manuela Arcuri.'' Mwaka [[2006]], aliigiza katika vipindi 10 vya mfululizo wa [[tamthilia]] ya mapenzi ya Italia ''Nati ieri''. == Maisha binafsi == Ameolewa na Vasco Valerio, mtayarishaji mkuu wa vipindi vya televisheni, na wana [[watoto]] watatu.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0069722/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} l8sfgwu9mmz7t8fed1djvkaypb1nx2a 0 256151 1611437 2026-10-26T19:07:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Gabriella Pession - Monte-Carlo Television Festival.jpg|thumb|Gabriella Pession]] '''Gabriella Pession''' alizaliwa [[2 Novemba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. == Wasifu == Kuanzia mwaka [[2013]] hadi [[2015]], aliigiza katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] ''Crossing Lines''. Mwaka [[2015]], alipokea [[Tuzo]] ya ''America'' kutoka Taasisi ya Italy–[[USA]]. === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka [[2014]], alijifungua mtoto wa kiume aliyeitwa Giulio, aliepata na Richard Flood, mwigizaji mwenzake katika kipindi cha ''Crossing Lines''. Walifunga ndoa mwaka [[2016]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0676070/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ik7hxtgwv5kgpwbmcb1s4f5n4ceir8j 0 256152 1611438 2026-10-26T19:15:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611438 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elizabeth Hendrina Venter''' (jina la ukoo kabla ya ndoa: '''Stapelberg'''; alizaliwa [[9 Desemba]] [[1938]]), anajulikana kama '''Rina Venter''', alikuwa [[Waziri]] wa Afya ya Taifa na Maendeleo ya Idadi ya Watu wa [[Afrika Kusini]] kuanzia mwaka [[1989]] hadi 1994. Venter alihitimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Pretoria]] na alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa ustawi wa jamii kwa miaka 20. Alichaguliwa kuwa [[mbunge]] wa Baraza la Bunge la Afrika Kusini, akiwakilisha eneo la Innesdal. Alihudumu katika [[serikali]] ya Chama cha Taifa chini ya uongozi wa [[Frederik Willem de Klerk|F. W. de Klerk]], na alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza katika historia ya Afrika Kusini kushika wadhifa wa uwaziri. Alistaafu siasa mwaka [[1994]]. == Kuondoa ubaguzi wa rangi == Tarehe 17 Mei 1990, Venter alitangaza kuwa mfumo wa afya wa Afrika Kusini ungeanza kuondoa ubaguzi wa rangi. [[Hospitali]] 240 za serikali nchini Afrika Kusini zilianza kutoa huduma kwa watu wa rangi zote, ingawa utekelezaji haukuwa wa kiwango kilichotarajiwa.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170414081120/http://www.insurance-times.net/article/dr-rina-venter-minister-national-health-and-population-development</ref><ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/7/18/south-africas-shattered-healthcare-dreams</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1938]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 5y9wrepk4mj7yg5v2f0v18b4wae0gab 0 256153 1611439 2026-10-26T19:22:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odile Madeline Gertze''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1988]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Namibia]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Namibia [[2010]] [[31 Julai]] [[2010]] na kufanikiwa kuingia katika kundi la washiriki 25 bora wa nusu fainali za ''Miss World'' 2010. == Maisha ya awali == Gertze alihitimu katika ''Elizabeth Galloway Fashion Academy'' mwaka [[2009]], nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Akiwa katika chuo hicho, alitumia fursa hiyo kupata uzoefu wa kazi ya uanamitindo wakati akiendelea na masomo yake. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi kama [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa kujitegemea katika [[gazeti]] la ''The Namibian'', akishughulikia sehemu ya mitindo katika jarida lao la ''The Weekender''. Hapo awali, alifanya kazi mbalimbali za uanamitindo, zikiwemo upigaji picha kwa ajili ya vyombo vya habari vya magazeti, utengenezaji wa jalada la picha za mwanamitindo, maonyesho ya mavazi jukwaani, mikutano na mazungumzo na watu mbalimbali, shughuli za matangazo na maonyesho ya mitindo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140809230955/http://www.missnamibia.com.na/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120331215427/http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5btt_news%5d=70871&no_cache=1</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} h9mf8jspcbkg2bdxp0vaolxnpmefq3o 0 256154 1611440 2026-10-26T19:29:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611440 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anjimile Mtila-Oponyo (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anjimile Mtila-Oponyo]] '''Anjimile Mtila-Oponyo''' ni mtaalamu wa maendeleo na msimamizi wa masuala ya elimu kutoka [[Malawi]]. Amefanya kazi katika usimamizi wa elimu kwa [[Benki ya Dunia]], Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa na Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa, ambako alijenga shule nchini [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]]. Alipata kutambulika kimataifa baada ya kuchaguliwa kuwa mtendaji mkuu na mkuu wa ''Raising Malawi Academy for Girls'' nchini Malawi. Kwa sasa ni katibu mkuu msaidizi katika Wizara ya Elimu nchini Malawi. == Maisha binafsi == Oponyo ana [[watoto]] sita. Ameolewa na Patrick Oponyo. Yeye ni dada wa [[Joyce Banda]], rais wa zamani wa Malawi, ambaye ndiye mwanzilishi wa ''Joyce Banda Foundation'', taasisi inayojihusisha na maendeleo na elimu. Pia ni shemeji wa Richard Banda, wakili, jaji na aliyewahi kuwa Jaji Mkuu wa Malawi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100405072928/http://allgirls.ncgs.org/tags/anjimile-oponyo/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130518014821/http://www.raisingmalawi.org/blog/entry/madonna-announces-completion-of-10-schools-in-malawi-in-partnership-with-bu/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Malawi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 6bhz7sysvaxuf36iuu8tgvt4smh18vx 0 256155 1611441 2026-10-26T19:39:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Stacy Hardy at Festivaletteratura 2010.jpg|thumb|Stacy Hardy ]] '''Stacy M. Hardy''' ni [[mwandishi]], [[mwalimu]], mtafiti na mhariri katika ''Chimurenga'', jarida linalojihusisha na masuala ya [[Afrika]] nzima. Tangu mwaka [[2014]], Hardy amekuwa mhadhiri katika Idara ya Uandishi wa Ubunifu katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''Wits'' nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Pia amefundisha uandishi wa ubunifu katika mazingira yasiyo rasmi na nje ya taasisi za kitaaluma. Hardy ni mshirika wa Saseni, mpango wa kufundisha uandishi wa ubunifu unaounganisha elimu ya juu na sanaa za ubunifu barani Afrika. Pia ndiye mwanzilishi wa ''Ukuthula'', mpango unaohusisha Afrika nzima unaokuza maandishi mapya yanayozungumzia na kupinga ukatili wa kijinsia. Ameendesha ''warsha'' za taaluma mbalimbali na mafunzo ya kina ya uandishi katika maeneo tofauti, yakiwemo [[Dakar]], [[Kigali]], [[Cairo]], Tombwa nchini [[Angola]], [[Nairobi]], [[Lagos]], [[Berlin]], [[Jiji la New York|New York]] na kwenye mitandao ya intaneti. Pia ameongoza semina za wanafunzi wa [[Shahada ya uzamili|shahada za uzamili]] na warsha za uandishi katika sehemu mbalimbali duniani.<ref>https://neubauercollegium.uchicago.edu/people/stacy-hardy</ref><ref>https://africainwords.com/2016/09/05/a-review-of-stacy-hardys-because-the-night/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} fexb4x1e4p2f3hmp6an0bq2q4smxdbz 0 256156 1611442 2026-10-26T19:46:09Z Reine Cali 85259 kuanzisha makala 1611442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bezoek Keizer Selassie, tweede dag, ontvangst in de Ridderzaal, Bestanddeelnr 906-8267 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb]] '''Binti mfalme Sara Gizaw, Duchess wa Harar''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 1]], [[1929]] na kufariki [[Februari 17]], [[2019]]<ref name=":1">https://borkena.com/ethiopian-royal-family-member-princess-sara-gizaw-dies-at-90/</ref>) alikuwa mjane wa mwana mfalme Makonnen,ambaye alikuwa Duke (''Mesfin'', cheo cha kifalme katika utawala wa [[Ethiopia]]) wa Harar na mwana wa pili wa Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]] wa Ethiopia.<ref>https://geneall.net/en/name/324034/sara-gizaw-duchess-of-harrar/</ref><ref name=":2">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071EFE3F5F0C718EDDAC0894D0484D81</ref> == Wasifu == Baba wa binti mfalme Sara, alikuwa Gizaw Abera aliyewahi kushika cheo cha ''Nibure Id'' katika mji wa Axum. Babu yake kwa upande wa baba alikuwa Dejazmach Abera Tedla. Mama yake alikuwa Aisha Tola, mwanamke muislamu kutoka Tigray. Alipata elimu ya uuguzi katika Shule ya Uuguzi ya Royal Infirmary ya [[Edinburgh]], nchini [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Alikuwa mama wa watoto wa kiume watano; Paul Wossen Seged Makonnen, Mikael Makonnen, Dawit Makonnen (aliyejulikana pia kama Makonnen Makonnen), Tefferi Makonnen na Beede Mariam Makonnen.Wakati wa uhai wake, binti mfalme Sara alijulikana sana kwa uzuri wake na alihesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wanawake warembo zaidi katika kasri la kifalme la Ethiopia.Alifiwa na mume wake mwaka [[1957]], baada ya Duke wa Harar kufariki katika ajali ya gari. Mara nyingi aliandamana na Mfalme Haile Selassie katika ziara zake za nje ya nchi. Baada ya kifo cha Empress Menen Asfaw, binti mfalme Sara alitekeleza majukumu ya ukaribishaji wageni wa kifalme pamoja na binti mfalme Tenagnework, wakiwapokea wageni rasmi kwa niaba ya mfalme. Mwaka [[1974]], binti mfalme Sara alifungwa gerezani pamoja na wanawake wengine wa familia ya kifalme ya Ethiopia. Aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani mwaka 1988.<ref name=":2" /> Baada ya kuachiliwa, aliishi [[Addis Ababa]], mji mkuu wa Ethiopia. Mwanawe mkubwa, Prince Paul Wossen Seged, alikuwa wa pili katika mstari wa urithi wa kiti cha enzi cha Ethiopia. Kabla ya kifo chake, alitarajiwa kuwa mrithi anayestahili kurithi kiti cha enzi iwapo hali iliyokuwepo ingeendelea, kwa sababu Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, ambaye kwa wakati huo alikuwa mdai wa kiti cha enzi, hakuwa na mwana wa kiume aliyezaliwa katika ndoa halali. == Kifo == Princess Sara alifariki tarehe 17 Februari 2019, akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu za watu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia nchi kwa nchi]] j338s8xvpmop24xagm45lnxhe08ux09 1611443 1611442 2026-10-26T19:46:27Z Quinlan83 47719 Fix 1611443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bezoek Keizer Selassie, tweede dag, ontvangst in de Ridderzaal, Bestanddeelnr 906-8267 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb]] '''Binti mfalme Sara Gizaw, Duchess wa Harar''' (alizaliwa [[Januari 1]], [[1929]] na kufariki [[Februari 17]], [[2019]]<ref name=":1">https://borkena.com/ethiopian-royal-family-member-princess-sara-gizaw-dies-at-90/</ref>) alikuwa mjane wa mwana mfalme Makonnen,ambaye alikuwa Duke (''Mesfin'', cheo cha kifalme katika utawala wa [[Ethiopia]]) wa Harar na mwana wa pili wa Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]] wa Ethiopia.<ref>https://geneall.net/en/name/324034/sara-gizaw-duchess-of-harrar/</ref><ref name=":2">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071EFE3F5F0C718EDDAC0894D0484D81</ref> == Wasifu == Baba wa binti mfalme Sara, alikuwa Gizaw Abera aliyewahi kushika cheo cha ''Nibure Id'' katika mji wa Axum. Babu yake kwa upande wa baba alikuwa Dejazmach Abera Tedla. Mama yake alikuwa Aisha Tola, mwanamke muislamu kutoka Tigray. Alipata elimu ya uuguzi katika Shule ya Uuguzi ya Royal Infirmary ya [[Edinburgh]], nchini [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Alikuwa mama wa watoto wa kiume watano; Paul Wossen Seged Makonnen, Mikael Makonnen, Dawit Makonnen (aliyejulikana pia kama Makonnen Makonnen), Tefferi Makonnen na Beede Mariam Makonnen.Wakati wa uhai wake, binti mfalme Sara alijulikana sana kwa uzuri wake na alihesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wanawake warembo zaidi katika kasri la kifalme la Ethiopia.Alifiwa na mume wake mwaka [[1957]], baada ya Duke wa Harar kufariki katika ajali ya gari. Mara nyingi aliandamana na Mfalme Haile Selassie katika ziara zake za nje ya nchi. Baada ya kifo cha Empress Menen Asfaw, binti mfalme Sara alitekeleza majukumu ya ukaribishaji wageni wa kifalme pamoja na binti mfalme Tenagnework, wakiwapokea wageni rasmi kwa niaba ya mfalme. Mwaka [[1974]], binti mfalme Sara alifungwa gerezani pamoja na wanawake wengine wa familia ya kifalme ya Ethiopia. Aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani mwaka 1988.<ref name=":2" /> Baada ya kuachiliwa, aliishi [[Addis Ababa]], mji mkuu wa Ethiopia. Mwanawe mkubwa, Prince Paul Wossen Seged, alikuwa wa pili katika mstari wa urithi wa kiti cha enzi cha Ethiopia. Kabla ya kifo chake, alitarajiwa kuwa mrithi anayestahili kurithi kiti cha enzi iwapo hali iliyokuwepo ingeendelea, kwa sababu Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, ambaye kwa wakati huo alikuwa mdai wa kiti cha enzi, hakuwa na mwana wa kiume aliyezaliwa katika ndoa halali. == Kifo == Princess Sara alifariki tarehe 17 Februari 2019, akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Mbegu za watu]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] [[Jamii:Wafalme na malkia nchi kwa nchi]] i3mp052quis7womcq4eevlcgbr4wwjx 1611540 1611443 2026-10-27T09:30:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611540 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bezoek Keizer Selassie, tweede dag, ontvangst in de Ridderzaal, Bestanddeelnr 906-8267 (cropped 2).jpg|thumb]] '''Bintimfalme Sara Gizaw, Duchess wa Harar''' ([[Januari 1]], [[1929]] - [[Februari 17]], [[2019]]<ref name=":1">https://borkena.com/ethiopian-royal-family-member-princess-sara-gizaw-dies-at-90/</ref>) alikuwa mjane wa mwanamfalme Makonnen, ambaye alikuwa Duke (''Mesfin'', cheo cha kifalme katika utawala wa [[Ethiopia]]) wa [[Harar]] na mwana wa pili wa Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]] wa [[Ethiopia]].<ref>https://geneall.net/en/name/324034/sara-gizaw-duchess-of-harrar/</ref><ref name=":2">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB071EFE3F5F0C718EDDAC0894D0484D81</ref> == Wasifu == Baba wa binti mfalme Sara, alikuwa Gizaw Abera aliyewahi kushika cheo cha ''Nibure Id'' katika mji wa Axum. Babu yake kwa upande wa baba alikuwa Dejazmach Abera Tedla. Mama yake alikuwa Aisha Tola, mwanamke muislamu kutoka Tigray. Alipata elimu ya uuguzi katika Shule ya Uuguzi ya Royal Infirmary ya [[Edinburgh]], nchini [[Uskoti|Scotland]]. Alikuwa mama wa watoto wa kiume watano; Paul Wossen Seged Makonnen, Mikael Makonnen, Dawit Makonnen (aliyejulikana pia kama Makonnen Makonnen), Tefferi Makonnen na Beede Mariam Makonnen.Wakati wa uhai wake, binti mfalme Sara alijulikana sana kwa uzuri wake na alihesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa wanawake warembo zaidi katika kasri la kifalme la Ethiopia.Alifiwa na mume wake mwaka [[1957]], baada ya Duke wa Harar kufariki katika ajali ya gari. Mara nyingi aliandamana na Mfalme Haile Selassie katika ziara zake za nje ya nchi. Baada ya kifo cha Empress Menen Asfaw, binti mfalme Sara alitekeleza majukumu ya ukaribishaji wageni wa kifalme pamoja na binti mfalme Tenagnework, wakiwapokea wageni rasmi kwa niaba ya mfalme. Mwaka [[1974]], binti mfalme Sara alifungwa gerezani pamoja na wanawake wengine wa familia ya kifalme ya Ethiopia. Aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani mwaka 1988.<ref name=":2" /> Baada ya kuachiliwa, aliishi [[Addis Ababa]], mji mkuu wa Ethiopia. Mwanawe mkubwa, Prince Paul Wossen Seged, alikuwa wa pili katika mstari wa urithi wa kiti cha enzi cha Ethiopia. Kabla ya kifo chake, alitarajiwa kuwa mrithi anayestahili kurithi kiti cha enzi iwapo hali iliyokuwepo ingeendelea, kwa sababu Crown Prince Zera Yacob Amha Selassie, ambaye kwa wakati huo alikuwa mdai wa kiti cha enzi, hakuwa na mwana wa kiume aliyezaliwa katika ndoa halali. == Kifo == Princess Sara alifariki tarehe 17 Februari 2019, akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2019]] nt27qvbsdifxvsas8r3vqenttm5ewx3 0 256157 1611444 2026-10-26T19:48:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611444 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shira Nayman''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya, hadithi fupi na [[mwanasaikolojia]] wa tiba kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]], [[Australia]] na [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa mkusanyiko wake wa hadithi uitwao ''Awake in the Dark'', uliochapishwa mwaka [[2006]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Akiwa mtoto wa Jacob “Jack” Nayman na Doreen Shapiro. Wazazi wake wote wawili walikuwa [[watoto]] wa wakimbizi kutoka [[Lituanya|Lithuania]] na [[Latvia]]. [[Familia]] yake ilihamia [[Australia]], ambako Shira alisoma katika ''Mount Scopus Memorial College'', mjini Melbourne. == Maisha binafsi == Anaishi [[Brooklyn]], [[Jiji la New York|New York]], na Highland Park, New Jersey, pamoja na mume wake, Louis Sass, ambaye ni mwanasaikolojia na mwandishi. Wana mtoto wa kiume na wa kike. Alipata uraia wa Marekani baada ya kuishi nchini humo kwa [[miaka]] 27. Alizaliwa akiwa raia wa Afrika Kusini, kabla ya baadae kupata uraia wa Australia.<ref>https://www.snaymanconsulting.com/</ref><ref>https://livesonline.rcseng.ac.uk/client/en_GB/lives/search/detailnonmodal/ent:$002f$002fSD_ASSET$002f0$002fSD_ASSET:379725/one?qu=%22rcs%3A+E007542%22&rt=false%7C%7C%7CIDENTIFIER%7C%7C%7CResource+Identifier</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} nyxfv8xzyq8dazi3cla5vj55rj13b3e 0 256158 1611445 2026-10-26T19:59:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Joke Silva.jpg|thumb|Joke Silva]] '''Joke Silva''' ni [[mwigizaji]] mkongwe wa [[Nigeria]], mkurugenzi na [[mfanyabiashara]]. Mwaka [[1998]], alipata nafasi muhimu ya uigizaji katika [[filamu]] ya [[Uingereza]] na ''Kanada The Secret Laughter of Women'', akicheza pamoja na Colin Firth na Nia Long. Mwaka [[2006]], alishinda [[tuzo]] ya “Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Nafasi Kuu” katika Tuzo za Pili za ''Africa Movie Academy'' kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Women's Cot''. Mwaka [[2008]], alishinda tuzo ya “Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Nafasi ya Kusaidia” katika Tuzo za Nne za ''Africa Movie Academy'' kwa uigizaji wake kama bibi katika filamu ''White Waters''. Silva alikuwa ameolewa na mwigizaji mkongwe Olu Jacobs kuanzia mwaka [[1989]] hadi kifo chake mwaka [[2026]]. Wawili hao walianzisha na kuendesha ''Lufodo Group'', kampuni ya habari na burudani inayojumuisha uzalishaji na usambazaji wa filamu pamoja na ''Lufodo Academy of Performing Arts'', ambako Silva anahudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Masomo. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == * ''Violated 1 (''[[1995]]'')'' * ''Violated 2 (''[[1996]]'')'' * ''Silent Night (''1996'') kama Bi. Agnes Odame'' * ''Curse From Beyond (''[[1999]]'') kama mama yake Janet'' * ''The Secret Laughter of Women (''1999'') kama Nene'' * ''Keeping Faith: Is That Love? (''[[2002]]'')'' * ''The Kingmaker (''[[2003]]'')'' * ''Last Wedding (''[[2004]]'') kama Bi. Daniel.'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0798364/</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/11/29/i-was-blacklisted-in-nollywood-joke-silva-opens-up/</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/2021/10/02/joke-silva-is-sturdy-at-60/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Nigeria]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} mh0t5cak8py0q97cdg6lp8r7vdoywd3 0 256159 1611447 2026-10-26T21:45:06Z Score Beethoven 26647 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Infobox officeholder | name = Cécile Kyenge | image = Kashetu kyeng cecile.jpg | caption = Cécile Kyenge mwaka 2014 | office = Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya | term_start = 1 Julai 2014 | term_end = 1 Julai 2019 | office2 = Waziri wa Utangamano wa Italia | primeminister2 = Enrico Letta | term_start2 = 28 Aprili 2013 | term_end2 = 22 Februari 2014 | birth_date = 28 Agosti 1964 | birth_place = Kambove, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | party = Partito Dem...' 1611447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Cécile Kyenge | image = Kashetu kyeng cecile.jpg | caption = Cécile Kyenge mwaka 2014 | office = Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya | term_start = 1 Julai 2014 | term_end = 1 Julai 2019 | office2 = Waziri wa Utangamano wa Italia | primeminister2 = Enrico Letta | term_start2 = 28 Aprili 2013 | term_end2 = 22 Februari 2014 | birth_date = 28 Agosti 1964 | birth_place = Kambove, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | party = Partito Democratico | alma_mater = Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore | profession = Daktari wa macho }} '''Cécile Kyenge''' (jina kamili: Cécile Kashetu Kyenge; amezaliwa 28 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Italia]] na daktari wa macho. Alizaliwa Kambove, katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2014, Cécile Kyenge alikuwa Waziri wa Utangamano wa Italia. Alikuwa mtu mweusi wa kwanza kuwa waziri nchini Italia. Kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2019, alikuwa mbunge wa Bunge la [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === Cécile Kyenge alizaliwa tarehe 28 Agosti 1964 huko [[Wilaya ya Kambove|Kambove]], Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref name="pj">{{Cite web |url=https://lepetitjournal.com/rome/cecile-kyenge-premiere-femme-noire-ministre-en-italie-298531 |title=Cécile Kyenge, première femme noire ministre en Italie |author=Fiona Lebert |website=Le Petit Journal |date=2021-02-19 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 1983, alihamia Italia kusomea udaktari. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu Katoliki cha Moyo Mtakatifu (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) mjini [[Roma]].<ref name="bp">{{Cite web |url=https://blackpast.org/gah/kyenge-cecile-1964 |title=Cécile Kyenge (1964- ) |author=Robert Fikes Jr. |website=BlackPast.org |date=2013-12-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Baadaye, alisomea magonjwa ya macho mjini [[Modena]].<ref name="pj" /> Akawa daktari wa macho.<ref name="bp" /> === Kazi === Mwaka 2002, Cécile Kyenge alianzisha chama cha DAWA. Chama hiki kinakuza uhusiano kati ya tamaduni mbalimbali.<ref name="bp" /> Aliingia katika siasa mwaka 2004, katika mkoa wa [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name="qm">{{Cite web |url=https://medecine-generale.lequotidiendumedecin.fr/actus-medicales/sante-publique/ophtalmo-venue-du-congo-le-dr-kyenge-fait-sensation-au-ministere-italien-de-lintegration |title=Ophtalmo venue du Congo, le Dr Kyenge fait sensation au ministère italien de l'Intégration |website=Le Quotidien du Médecin |date=2013-04-29 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 2009, alichaguliwa kuwa diwani wa jimbo la Modena. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Partito Democratico (Chama cha Kidemokrasia).<ref name="bp" /> Mwezi Februari 2013, Cécile Kyenge alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Italia. Tarehe 28 Aprili 2013, Waziri Mkuu Enrico Letta alimteua kuwa Waziri wa Utangamano.<ref name="bp" /> Cécile Kyenge alikuwa mtu mweusi wa kwanza kuwa waziri nchini Italia.<ref name="qm" /> Aliacha nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014. Akiwa waziri, Cécile Kyenge alikumbwa na matusi ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]]. Baadhi ya watu walimrushia ndizi katika mikutano ya kisiasa. Mwaka 2013, seneta Roberto Calderoli alimlinganisha na orangutani. Mwaka 2019, mahakama ya Bergamo ilimhukumu Roberto Calderoli kifungo cha miezi 18 jela. Kosa lake lilikuwa kashfa iliyochochewa na chuki ya kibaguzi.<ref name="it">{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/italian-senator-sentenced-for-racist-remark-about-black-minister-1.3758033 |title=Italian senator sentenced for racist remark about black minister |website=The Irish Times |date=2019-01-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Kuanzia tarehe 1 Julai 2014 hadi tarehe 1 Julai 2019, Cécile Kyenge alikuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya. Alikuwa katika kundi la Wasoshalisti na Wanademokrasia (S&D).<ref name="ep">{{Cite web |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124801/CECILE+KASHETU_KYENGE/history/8 |title=Cécile Kashetu KYENGE |website=European Parliament |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 2019, aligombea tena. Hakuchaguliwa. Baadaye, alirudi kwenye kazi ya udaktari. Mwaka 2021, alianza kufanya kazi kama daktari wa familia karibu na mji wa [[Padova]].<ref name="ig">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/c-cile-kyenge-lex-ministra-diventata-famosa-pi-polemiche-2153743.html |title=Che fine ha fatto Cècile Kyenge, l'ex ministra diventata famosa (più) per le polemiche? |website=il Giornale |date=2023-05-19 |language=it |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Cécile Kyenge ameolewa na mhandisi Mwitalia. Wana binti wawili.<ref name="bp" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [[commons:Category:Cécile Kyenge|Picha za Cécile Kyenge]] kwenye Wikimedia Commons {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kyenge, Cécile}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Madaktari]] f1mjqk7bufnir2xv0u4hp1urs7xzgu2 1611542 1611447 2026-10-27T09:34:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Cécile Kyenge | image = Kashetu kyeng cecile.jpg | caption = Cécile Kyenge mwaka 2014 | office = Mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya | term_start = 1 Julai 2014 | term_end = 1 Julai 2019 | office2 = Waziri wa Utangamano wa Italia | primeminister2 = Enrico Letta | term_start2 = 28 Aprili 2013 | term_end2 = 22 Februari 2014 | birth_date = 28 Agosti 1964 | birth_place = Kambove, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | party = Partito Democratico | alma_mater = Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore | profession = Daktari wa macho }} '''Cécile Kyenge''' (jina kamili: Cécile Kashetu Kyenge; amezaliwa [[Wilaya ya Kambove|Kambove]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], 28 Agosti 1964) ni mwanasiasa na daktari wa macho wa [[Italia]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi 2014, Cécile Kyenge alikuwa Waziri wa Utangamano wa Italia. Alikuwa mtu mweusi wa kwanza kuwa waziri nchini Italia. Kuanzia mwaka 2014 hadi 2019, alikuwa mbunge wa Bunge la [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === Cécile Kyenge alizaliwa tarehe 28 Agosti 1964 huko [[Kambove]], Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo.<ref name="pj">{{Cite web |url=https://lepetitjournal.com/rome/cecile-kyenge-premiere-femme-noire-ministre-en-italie-298531 |title=Cécile Kyenge, première femme noire ministre en Italie |author=Fiona Lebert |website=Le Petit Journal |date=2021-02-19 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 1983, alihamia Italia kusomea udaktari. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu Katoliki cha Moyo Mtakatifu (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) mjini [[Roma]].<ref name="bp">{{Cite web |url=https://blackpast.org/gah/kyenge-cecile-1964 |title=Cécile Kyenge (1964- ) |author=Robert Fikes Jr. |website=BlackPast.org |date=2013-12-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Baadaye, alisomea magonjwa ya macho mjini [[Modena]].<ref name="pj" /> Akawa daktari wa macho.<ref name="bp" /> === Kazi === Mwaka 2002, Cécile Kyenge alianzisha chama cha DAWA. Chama hiki kinakuza uhusiano kati ya tamaduni mbalimbali.<ref name="bp" /> Aliingia katika siasa mwaka 2004, katika mkoa wa [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref name="qm">{{Cite web |url=https://medecine-generale.lequotidiendumedecin.fr/actus-medicales/sante-publique/ophtalmo-venue-du-congo-le-dr-kyenge-fait-sensation-au-ministere-italien-de-lintegration |title=Ophtalmo venue du Congo, le Dr Kyenge fait sensation au ministère italien de l'Intégration |website=Le Quotidien du Médecin |date=2013-04-29 |language=fr |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 2009, alichaguliwa kuwa diwani wa jimbo la Modena. Alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha Partito Democratico (Chama cha Kidemokrasia).<ref name="bp" /> Mwezi Februari 2013, Cécile Kyenge alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Italia. Tarehe 28 Aprili 2013, Waziri Mkuu Enrico Letta alimteua kuwa Waziri wa Utangamano.<ref name="bp" /> Cécile Kyenge alikuwa mtu mweusi wa kwanza kuwa waziri nchini Italia.<ref name="qm" /> Aliacha nafasi hiyo mwaka 2014. Akiwa waziri, Cécile Kyenge alikumbwa na matusi ya [[ubaguzi wa rangi]]. Baadhi ya watu walimrushia ndizi katika mikutano ya kisiasa. Mwaka 2013, seneta Roberto Calderoli alimlinganisha na orangutani. Mwaka 2019, mahakama ya Bergamo ilimhukumu Roberto Calderoli kifungo cha miezi 18 jela. Kosa lake lilikuwa kashfa iliyochochewa na chuki ya kibaguzi.<ref name="it">{{Cite web |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/italian-senator-sentenced-for-racist-remark-about-black-minister-1.3758033 |title=Italian senator sentenced for racist remark about black minister |website=The Irish Times |date=2019-01-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Kuanzia tarehe 1 Julai 2014 hadi tarehe 1 Julai 2019, Cécile Kyenge alikuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Ulaya. Alikuwa katika kundi la Wasoshalisti na Wanademokrasia (S&D).<ref name="ep">{{Cite web |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/meps/en/124801/CECILE+KASHETU_KYENGE/history/8 |title=Cécile Kashetu KYENGE |website=European Parliament |language=en |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Mwaka 2019, aligombea tena. Hakuchaguliwa. Baadaye, alirudi kwenye kazi ya udaktari. Mwaka 2021, alianza kufanya kazi kama daktari wa familia karibu na mji wa [[Padova]].<ref name="ig">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/interni/c-cile-kyenge-lex-ministra-diventata-famosa-pi-polemiche-2153743.html |title=Che fine ha fatto Cècile Kyenge, l'ex ministra diventata famosa (più) per le polemiche? |website=il Giornale |date=2023-05-19 |language=it |access-date=2026-10-26}}</ref> Cécile Kyenge ameolewa na mhandisi Mwitalia. Wana binti wawili.<ref name="bp" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [[commons:Category:Cécile Kyenge|Picha za Cécile Kyenge]] kwenye Wikimedia Commons {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kyenge, Cécile}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Madaktari]] ca6hv7o4yjzimvsxvyepcserocv9i4z 0 256160 1611456 2026-10-27T02:12:25Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Naw Christ Tun''' (Kiburma: နော်ခရစ္စထွန်း; anayejulikana pia kama Arkar Moe; alizaliwa tarehe 8 Desemba 1963) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo [[bunge]] namba 7 la Jimbo la Kayin. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c53cc73f609ee91e...' 1611456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naw Christ Tun''' (Kiburma: နော်ခရစ္စထွန်း; anayejulikana pia kama Arkar Moe; alizaliwa tarehe 8 Desemba 1963) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo [[bunge]] namba 7 la Jimbo la Kayin. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c53cc73f609ee91e8b4578 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 8 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Naw Christ Tun alizaliwa tarehe 8 Desemba 1963 katika Mji wa Thandaunggyi, Jimbo la Kayin, Myanmar. Anatoka katika [[jamii]] ya Karen. Alihitimu shahada ya Tiba ya Mifugo (B.V.S.). == Kazi ya kisiasa == Aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia katika Mji wa Thandaunggyi. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 7 la Jimbo la Kayin baada ya kupata kura nyingi 14,617. Pia ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Haki za [[Bunge]] ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/my_MM/category/committees/page/3/ "ကော်မတီများ"] (in Burmese). Retrieved 8 September 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 54ld25w5gh8hwk3dnmxulii6014jki0 0 256161 1611457 2026-10-27T02:15:05Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Naw Sar Muu Htoo''' (Kiburma: နော်ဆာမူထူး; alizaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1953) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo [[bunge]] namba 11 la Jimbo la Kayin. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1...' 1611457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naw Sar Muu Htoo''' (Kiburma: နော်ဆာမူထူး; alizaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1953) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo [[bunge]] namba 11 la Jimbo la Kayin. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%80%91%E1%80%B0%E1%80%B8 "Amyotha Hluttaw"] (in Burmese). Retrieved 8 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Naw Sar Muu Htoo alizaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1953 katika mji wa Kyainseikgyi, [[Jimbo]] la Kayin, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Anatoka katika jamii ya Karen. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Naw Sar Muu Htoo ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 11 la Jimbo la Kayin. Pia ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Wakulima ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://www.myanmar1329.rssing.com/chan-69067934/all_p1.html "Elections Results – Global New Light Of Myanmar".] Myanmar1329.rssing.com. Retrieved 2018-08-22.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 8zkygom2p1pv8tqgoagjh2ffn9t4slm 0 256162 1611458 2026-10-27T02:17:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nay Lin Aung''' (Kiburma: နေလင်းအောင်) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Wawakilishi (''Pyithu Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha Mji wa Mindat.<ref>[https://www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm/node/752 "Names of Pyithu Hluttaw representatives announced".]</ref><ref>[http://www.7daydaily.com/story/133598 "တောင်ကျရေကြောင့်လူသေဆုံးမှုများရှိနေ...' 1611458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nay Lin Aung''' (Kiburma: နေလင်းအောင်) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Wawakilishi (''Pyithu Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha Mji wa Mindat.<ref>[https://www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm/node/752 "Names of Pyithu Hluttaw representatives announced".]</ref><ref>[http://www.7daydaily.com/story/133598 "တောင်ကျရေကြောင့်လူသေဆုံးမှုများရှိနေ၍ မုန်းချောင်းတံတားကိုအခိုင်အမာဆောက်ပေးရန် မင်းတပ်အမတ်တောင်းဆို".]</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Nay Lin Aung alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1976 katika mji wa Mindat, Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Sanaa katika Historia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Monywa. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Nay Lin Aung ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy''). Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Wawakilishi baada ya kupata kura nyingi 8,216, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge la Mji wa Mindat. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] gsk1vu8wpkvyb7y4rx81m0vqddlwdqh 0 256163 1611459 2026-10-27T02:20:32Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nilar Lwin''' (Kiburma: နီလာလွင်) ni mwanasiasa kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Mkoa wa Sagaing, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Mji wa Myinmu. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya [[Demokrasia]] (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[http://www.moi.gov.mm/?q=news/22/12/2017/id-16376 "မူလစာမျက်နှာ | Ministry of Information".]</ref> Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 20...' 1611459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nilar Lwin''' (Kiburma: နီလာလွင်) ni mwanasiasa kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Mkoa wa Sagaing, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Mji wa Myinmu. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya [[Demokrasia]] (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[http://www.moi.gov.mm/?q=news/22/12/2017/id-16376 "မူလစာမျက်နှာ | Ministry of Information".]</ref> Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Mkoa wa Sagaing baada ya kupata kura nyingi 21,093, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Mji wa Myinmu. Pia anahudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Masuala ya [[Sheria]] ya Bunge la Mkoa wa Sagaing.<ref>[https://www.mmtimes.com/news/28-buddha-statues-missing-myinmu.html "28 Buddha statues missing in Myinmu | The Myanmar Times".] 14 January 2019.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 89n9029j5e3ilzmcetxdxyn2d9r9bxm 0 256164 1611460 2026-10-27T02:26:32Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nwe Nwe Aung''' (Kiburma: နွယ်နွယ်အောင်; alizaliwa tarehe 29 Septemba 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na wakili kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Jimbo la Mon. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c581c43f609ee91e8b4598 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu...' 1611460 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nwe Nwe Aung''' (Kiburma: နွယ်နွယ်အောင်; alizaliwa tarehe 29 Septemba 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na wakili kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Jimbo la Mon. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (''National League for Democracy'').<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c581c43f609ee91e8b4598 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 31 August 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Nwe Nwe Aung alizaliwa tarehe 29 Septemba 1956 katika mji wa Mawlamyaing, Jimbo la Mon, Myanmar. Alihitimu shahada ya Sanaa na Sheria (B.A. LL.B.) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Yangon. Kuanzia mwaka 1976 hadi 1980, alifanya kazi kama wakili mwandamizi. Tangu mwaka 1980, amefanya [[kazi]] kama wakili katika Mahakama Kuu ya Myanmar. Mwaka 2012, aliwahi kuwa [[mwenyekiti]] wa kamati ya utendaji ya Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia katika mji wa Mawlamyaing. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa kamati ya utendaji ya Chama cha Wanasheria cha Mawlamyaing kuanzia mwaka 1988 hadi 2015, na mwaka 2015 akawa makamu mwenyekiti wa chama hicho. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Nwe Nwe Aung ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya [[Demokrasia]]. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw'') baada ya kupata kura nyingi 35,181, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Jimbo la Mon.<ref>[http://www.myanmar1329.rssing.com/chan-69067934/all_p1.html "Elections Results – Global New Light Of Myanmar".] Myanmar1329.rssing.com. Retrieved 2018-08-31.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] tk336zphczlz7ce4scol9r0j5kmbqz7 0 256165 1611461 2026-10-27T02:30:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nyan Win''' (Kiburma: ဉာဏ်ဝင်း; hutamkwa ''Nyan Win''; alizaliwa tarehe 22 Januari 1953) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Waziri Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Bago kuanzia mwaka 2011 hadi 2016. Mwaka 2010, alishinda kiti katika [[Bunge]] la Mkoa wa Bago bila kupingwa, akiwakilisha Mji wa Zigon.<ref>Aye Nai (21 August 2011). [http://www.dvb.no/elections/burma-fm-%E2%80%98guaranteed-election-win%E2%80%99/12286 "Burma FM 'guaranteed e...' 1611461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyan Win''' (Kiburma: ဉာဏ်ဝင်း; hutamkwa ''Nyan Win''; alizaliwa tarehe 22 Januari 1953) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa zamani aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Waziri Mkuu wa Mkoa wa Bago kuanzia mwaka 2011 hadi 2016. Mwaka 2010, alishinda kiti katika [[Bunge]] la Mkoa wa Bago bila kupingwa, akiwakilisha Mji wa Zigon.<ref>Aye Nai (21 August 2011). [http://www.dvb.no/elections/burma-fm-%E2%80%98guaranteed-election-win%E2%80%99/12286 "Burma FM 'guaranteed election win'".] Democratic Voice of Burma. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa mkoa huo tarehe 30 Machi 2011. Kabla ya kuchaguliwa kwake, alikuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje wa Myanmar, nafasi aliyoteuliwa kushika tarehe 18 Septemba 2004. Nyan Win alikuwa na cheo cha Meja Jenerali katika [[Jeshi]] la Myanmar. Kabla ya kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Amani na [[Maendeleo]] ya Serikali (SPDC), alikuwa Naibu Mkuu wa Mafunzo ya Kijeshi wa Majeshi ya Myanmar. Pia aliwahi kuwa kamanda wa Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Amri na Wafanyakazi Wakuu (CGSC). Alihitimu katika kundi la 15 la Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Ulinzi (DSA). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110303022625/http://www.irrawaddy.org/article.php?art_id=4001 "Introducing Burma's New Foreign Minister".] The Irrawaddy. 20 September 2004. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2011.</ref>Amemuoa Myint Myint Soe. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] aj8vtzlqjtxgfnipveps6jpr24h99s3 0 256166 1611462 2026-10-27T02:33:43Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nyi Nyi Htwe''' (Kiburma: ညီညီထွေး; pia anajulikana kama Ko Ko Lay; alizaliwa tarehe 25 Machi 1970) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 11 la Mkoa wa Sagaing. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD).<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c551f83f609ee91e8b4583 "Mp Profile".] Amyotha Hluttaw (in Burmese). Re...' 1611462 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyi Nyi Htwe''' (Kiburma: ညီညီထွေး; pia anajulikana kama Ko Ko Lay; alizaliwa tarehe 25 Machi 1970) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 11 la Mkoa wa Sagaing. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD).<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c551f83f609ee91e8b4583 "Mp Profile".] Amyotha Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 26 August 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Nyi Nyi Htwe alizaliwa tarehe 25 Machi 1970 huko Paungbyin, Myanmar. Mwaka 1988, alijiunga na Chama cha NLD katika Mji wa Paungbyin. Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa vijana wa chama hicho na mweka hazina msaidizi katika shughuli za kupanga upya NLD katika Mji wa Homalin kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2003. Mwaka 2012, alikuwa mjumbe wa Tume ya Mkutano katika [[Wilaya]] ya Hkhamti na aliwakilisha kituo hicho kwenye mkutano. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Nyi Nyi Htwe ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 11 la Mkoa wa Sagaing.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c551f83f609ee91e8b4583 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 26 August 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 4wvqt8wnpducwhz3px6a5dl6un1a0hy 0 256167 1611463 2026-10-27T02:56:11Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nyi Sein''' (Kiburma: ညစိန်; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 5 la Jimbo la Shan.<ref>"[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c563893f609e7c1f8b458a Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyi Sein alizaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1964 huko...' 1611463 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nyi Sein''' (Kiburma: ညစိန်; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 5 la Jimbo la Shan.<ref>"[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c563893f609e7c1f8b458a Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nyi Sein alizaliwa tarehe 4 Januari 1964 huko Namhkam, Jimbo la Shan, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alihitimu shahada ya Sayansi (B.Sc.) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mandalay. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Nyi Sein ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Ta'ang. Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 5 la Jimbo la Shan. Pia aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Haki za [[Wanawake]] na Watoto ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD/ "အမျိုးသမီးနှင့် ကလေးသူငယ်အခွင့်အရေးဆိုင်ရာကော်မတီ ဖွဲ့စည်းခြင်း"] (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] mq11slyfwp4bjod9t5ogrzpsdg7a11u 0 256168 1611464 2026-10-27T03:00:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ohn Gyaw''' (Kiburma: အုန်းကျော်; alizaliwa tarehe 3 Machi 1932) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar, aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa 16 wa Mambo ya Nje wa nchi hiyo. Ohn Gyaw alijiunga na utumishi wa kidiplomasia mwaka 1951. Alihudumu katika [[nchi]] za Yugoslavia, Australia na Umoja wa Jamhuri za Kisoshalisti za Kisovieti (USSR) hadi mwaka 1985, alipoteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Asia Ku...' 1611464 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ohn Gyaw''' (Kiburma: အုန်းကျော်; alizaliwa tarehe 3 Machi 1932) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar, aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa 16 wa Mambo ya Nje wa nchi hiyo. Ohn Gyaw alijiunga na utumishi wa kidiplomasia mwaka 1951. Alihudumu katika [[nchi]] za Yugoslavia, Australia na Umoja wa Jamhuri za Kisoshalisti za Kisovieti (USSR) hadi mwaka 1985, alipoteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Asia Kusini na Kusini-Mashariki katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje. Mwaka 1988, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu [[Waziri]] wa Mambo ya Nje, na mwaka 1991 alipandishwa cheo na kuwa Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje. Mwaka 1998, aliondolewa katika nafasi hiyo na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Win Aung. Wakati wa uongozi wake kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje, mahusiano kati ya Burma na mataifa mengine yalianza kuimarika. Hata hivyo, Ohn Gyaw alielezwa na baadhi ya watu kuwa mtetezi mkali wa [[serikali]] ambaye wakati mwingine hakuwasilisha mambo kwa uwazi na aliyekosa ubunifu.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/22/world/burmese-win-observer-status-in-southeast-asian-group.html "Burmese Win Observer Status in Southeast Asian Group".] www.nytimes.com. Seth Mydans. Retrieved 4 July 2014.</ref> Ohn Gyaw alikuwa madarakani wakati Burma ilipopata hadhi ya nchi mwangalizi katika Chama cha Mataifa ya Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia (ASEAN) mwezi Julai 1996, na kuwa mwanachama kamili wa shirika hilo mwezi Julai 1997. Pia alichangia juhudi za Burma kuwa mwanachama wa ASEAN na baadaye kushika nafasi ya uenyekiti wa shirika hilo mwaka 2014.<ref>[http://www.hss.de/southeastasia/en/myanmar/news-events/2013/memorandum-of-understanding-with-the-ministry-of-foreign-affairs-has-been-signed.html "Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has been signed".] www.hss.de. Hanns Seidel Foundation. Retrieved 4 July 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 2m7jg4ddg07iboogv7nldmllk6xe1hv 0 256169 1611465 2026-10-27T03:05:55Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sai Ohn Kyaw''' (Kiburma: စိုင်းအုန်းကျော်; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Agosti 1944) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 4 la Jimbo la Shan.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c561ee3f609e7c1f8b4588 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/membe...' 1611465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sai Ohn Kyaw''' (Kiburma: စိုင်းအုန်းကျော်; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Agosti 1944) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 4 la Jimbo la Shan.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c561ee3f609e7c1f8b4588 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA "Amyotha Hluttaw"] (in Burmese). Retrieved 19 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Sai Ohn Kyaw alizaliwa tarehe 4 Agosti 1944 huko Kyaukme, Jimbo la Shan, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alihitimu shahada ya Sayansi (B.Sc.) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mandalay. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Sai Ohn Kyaw ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya [[Demokrasia]] ya Makabila ya Shan. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 4 la Jimbo la Shan. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] pkayl61wp6nyncf7dyfb0bnepgm6byj 0 256170 1611468 2026-10-27T03:33:24Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Okkar Min''' (Kiburma: ဦးဥက္ကာမင်း; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi alipoondolewa madarakani kufuatia mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Myanmar ya mwaka 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). == Maisha ya awali na elimu ==...' 1611468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okkar Min''' (Kiburma: ဦးဥက္ကာမင်း; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi alipoondolewa madarakani kufuatia mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Myanmar ya mwaka 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Okkar Min alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984 huko Yangon, Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Sayansi katika Hisabati (B.Sc. Mathematics) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Myeik.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c55ec23f609ee91e8b458c "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese).</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Okkar Min alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), baada ya kupata kura nyingi 46,420 katika jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Ndani na Ajira za Nje ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%8A-2/ "Open Hluttaw".]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] htltgbjj26x5ekx6n1comrikasc0h3e 0 256171 1611469 2026-10-27T03:35:39Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bo Bo Oo''' (Kiburma: ဘိုဘိုဦး; MLCTS: ''Bo Bo U''; alizaliwa tarehe 3 Februari 1965)<ref>[https://www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm/node/909 ဦးဘိုဘိုဦး(စမ်းချောင်းမဲဆန္ဒနယ်)] [U Bo Bo Oo (San Chaung District)]. pyithuhluttaw. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020.</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar na mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa y...' 1611469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bo Bo Oo''' (Kiburma: ဘိုဘိုဦး; MLCTS: ''Bo Bo U''; alizaliwa tarehe 3 Februari 1965)<ref>[https://www.pyithuhluttaw.gov.mm/node/909 ဦးဘိုဘိုဦး(စမ်းချောင်းမဲဆန္ဒနယ်)] [U Bo Bo Oo (San Chaung District)]. pyithuhluttaw. Archived from the original on September 21, 2020. Retrieved September 21, 2020.</ref> ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar na mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). Bo Bo Oo alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Chini la Myanmar katika [[uchaguzi]] wa mwaka 2015. Aliwahi kufungwa jela na utawala wa zamani wa kijeshi kuanzia mwaka 1989 hadi 2009. Katika uchaguzi uliofanyika tarehe 8 Novemba 2020, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Mkoa wa Yangon, akiwakilisha Mji wa Dala katika Mkoa wa Yangon.<ref>Union Election Commission (6 December 2020). [https://uecdata.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/2020%20General%20Result/Region%20or%20%20State%20Hluttaw%20Result/12-11-2020/Announcement_237/PDF/237_2020.pdf "Election result"] (PDF). Union Election Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-01.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 37agjyn2in9bat3zu5ze8kk403gm6dk 0 256172 1611471 2026-10-27T03:37:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pe Tin''' (Kiburma: ဖေတင်; pia huandikwa Phay Tin; alizaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 1947) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar na mfungwa wa zamani wa kisiasa. Alihudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 6 la Jimbo la Mon kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD).<ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1...' 1611471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pe Tin''' (Kiburma: ဖေတင်; pia huandikwa Phay Tin; alizaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 1947) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar na mfungwa wa zamani wa kisiasa. Alihudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 6 la Jimbo la Mon kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD).<ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%96%E1%80%B1%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA "MP profile".] Amyotha Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 16 August 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Pe Tin alizaliwa tarehe 16 Septemba 1947 huko Mudon, Jimbo la Mon, Myanmar. Mwaka 1980, alifaulu mtihani wa kuwa wakili mwandamizi. Tangu mwaka 1988, amekuwa [[mwenyekiti]] wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia katika Mji wa Mudon. Julai 1997, chini ya Kifungu cha 8, alifungwa jela kwa muda wa miezi sita pamoja na wajumbe wengine sita wa kamati ya utendaji.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c586c33f609e7c1f8b459a "MP profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 16 August 2018.</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Pe Tin ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mwakilishi wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 6 la Jimbo la Mon. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 219j9cbkcct57s48ifmfnbxs5evprqv 0 256173 1611473 2026-10-27T03:40:37Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Phyay Rei''' (Kiburma: ဖြေရယ်ခ; pia anajulikana kama Myint Than Tun; alizaliwa tarehe 9 Januari 1976) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 1 la Jimbo la Kayah.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c43dd23f609eb6128b458a "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 21 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Phy...' 1611473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phyay Rei''' (Kiburma: ဖြေရယ်ခ; pia anajulikana kama Myint Than Tun; alizaliwa tarehe 9 Januari 1976) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 1 la Jimbo la Kayah.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c43dd23f609eb6128b458a "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 21 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Phyay Rei alizaliwa tarehe 9 Januari 1976 huko Loikaw, [[Jimbo]] la Kayah, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alipata stashahada ya Taasisi ya Ufundi ya Serikali (G.T.I.) katika Uhandisi wa Ujenzi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Teknolojia]] cha Loikaw, na shahada ya Sanaa katika Historia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Loikaw. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Phyay Rei ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya [[Demokrasia]] (NLD). Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), baada ya kupata kura 15,763 katika jimbo bunge namba 1 la Jimbo la Kayah. Pia amewahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar ya Kuchunguza Dhamana, Ahadi na Majukumu ya Serikali.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/10/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF/ "Amyotha Hluttaw Government's Guarantees, Pledges and Undertakings Vetting Committee".] Retrieved 22 September 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] smb67rbqwbc5u0whcrcpjxrfh1gunht 0 256174 1611475 2026-10-27T03:43:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Claribel Irene Po''' (1905–1994), anayejulikana pia kama Ba Maung Chain, alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuhudumu kama waziri katika Serikali ya Muungano wa Myanmar.<ref>Irrawaddy, The (2019-03-16). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240724224355/https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/on-this-day/day-burmas-1st-female-minister-took-office.html "On This Day | The Day Burma's 1st Female Minister Took Office".] The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 24 July...' 1611475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claribel Irene Po''' (1905–1994), anayejulikana pia kama Ba Maung Chain, alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuhudumu kama waziri katika Serikali ya Muungano wa Myanmar.<ref>Irrawaddy, The (2019-03-16). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240724224355/https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/on-this-day/day-burmas-1st-female-minister-took-office.html "On This Day | The Day Burma's 1st Female Minister Took Office".] The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 2026-03-24.</ref> == Maisha == Tarehe 1 Juni 1905, Claribel Irene Po alizaliwa huko Pathein katika familia tajiri na yenye hadhi ya [[jamii]] ya Karen. Baba yake, San C. Po, alikuwa daktari na mwanasiasa. Mama yake alikuwa binti wa mmoja wa waanzilishi wenza wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Karen. Ingawa Po alitamani kusomea udaktari, afya yake dhaifu ilimzuia kutimiza ndoto hiyo. Badala yake, alipata shahada ya Fasihi ya Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Rangoon na Chuo cha Judson. Kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1935, alifanya kazi ya ualimu. Mwaka 1935, aliolewa na mhandisi. Baadaye, wanandoa hao walihamia Yangon, ambako walipata watoto wawili wa kike. Wakati wa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini Burma mwaka 1949, Po alisaidia katika mazungumzo ya amani kati ya serikali ya Ligi ya Uhuru wa Watu dhidi ya Ufashisti na makundi yenye silaha ya Karen. Mwaka 1951, alikua mwenyekiti wa kwanza wa [[Jimbo]] la Karen. Tarehe 16 Machi 1952, aliingia katika [[historia]] kwa kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuhudumu kama waziri katika Serikali ya Muungano, alipoteuliwa kuwa waziri anayeshughulikia masuala ya Jimbo la Karen. Aliendelea kushikilia nafasi hiyo hadi tarehe 4 Machi 1953. Baada ya kipindi chake cha uongozi, idadi ya wanawake walioteuliwa kuwa mawaziri nchini Myanmar iliendelea kuwa ndogo, hasa baada ya mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya mwaka 1962, yaliyosababisha jeshi kuchukua madaraka ya serikali. Kufikia mwaka 2019, Claribel Irene Po alikuwa miongoni mwa wanawake wanne tu waliowahi kuhudumu kama mawaziri nchini Myanmar tangu mwaka 1920.<ref>Aung, San Yamin (2017-06-09). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240524225133/https://www.irrawaddy.com/specials/women/burmas-gender-gap-four-women-ministers-nearly-century.html "Burma's Gender Gap: Only Four Women Ministers in Nearly a Century".] The Irrawaddy. Archived from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 2026-03-24.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 43nxlabe089eakoy46ciq9ihcyzi8q5 0 256175 1611476 2026-10-27T03:46:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pu Pa Thang''' (kwa Kiburma: ပါထန်း) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka jamii ya Chin ambaye amehudumu kama [[Waziri]] Mkuu wa Chinland, eneo lililotangaza kujitawala, tangu alipoteuliwa na Baraza la Chinland tarehe 1 Februari 2024.<ref>[https://khonumthung.org/english/chinland-council-forms-new-government-in-chin-state/ "Chinland Council Forms New Government in Chin State – Khonumthung Media Group".] 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref> Hapo aw...' 1611476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pu Pa Thang''' (kwa Kiburma: ပါထန်း) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka jamii ya Chin ambaye amehudumu kama [[Waziri]] Mkuu wa Chinland, eneo lililotangaza kujitawala, tangu alipoteuliwa na Baraza la Chinland tarehe 1 Februari 2024.<ref>[https://khonumthung.org/english/chinland-council-forms-new-government-in-chin-state/ "Chinland Council Forms New Government in Chin State – Khonumthung Media Group".] 2024-02-05. Retrieved 2024-02-18.</ref> Hapo awali, alihudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Jimbo la Chin kupitia Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge la Matupi. Pu Pa Thang pia aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Chin Nunphung. Inawezekana kuwa yeye ndiye mwanakijiji wa Chin aliyelazimishwa kubeba mgao wa [[chakula]] wa wanajeshi wa Jeshi la Burma, kutoka Kikosi cha 304 cha Askari wa Miguu Wepesi, chini ya amri ya Kapteni Ne Win Htun, karibu na kijiji cha Darkhai, katika eneo la Tonzang, Jimbo la Chin, tarehe 24 Januari 2013. Baadaye, Pa Thang alilijulisha tukio hilo Shirika la Haki za Binadamu la Chin (CHRO). Akiwa Waziri Mkuu, alisimamia juhudi za kibinadamu za kukabiliana na madhara ya tetemeko la ardhi lililoikumba Myanmar mwaka 2025 katika eneo la Chinland.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/indian-aid-reaches-myanmar-border-amid-junta-airstrikes/articleshow/120023868.cms "Indian aid reaches Myanmar border amid junta airstrikes".] The Times of India. 2025-04-06. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2025-06-08.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] a81nifiwz2nmlphzpzjg8rehbl1lhbr 3 256176 1611510 2026-10-27T05:59:58Z İmmortalance 62739 İmmortalance alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Darvinioiiiu]] hadi [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:VerreauxE]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Darvinioiiiu|Darvinioiiiu]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/VerreauxE|VerreauxE]]" 1611510 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:VerreauxE]] 1veuu8zjewzv9qdv7mgzhpe4cvekpbq 0 256177 1611511 2026-10-27T06:12:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mari Törőcsik''' (alizaliwa kwa jina la '''Marián Törőcsik;''' [[23 Novemba]] [[1935]] – [[16 Aprili]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Hungaria]]. Alishiriki katika filamu zaidi ya 170 kuanzia mwaka [[1956]] hadi [[2020]]. Alishinda [[tuzo]] ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Tamasha la Filamu la ''Cannes'' la mwaka [[1976]] kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ''Mrs. Dery Where Are You?'' Alifariki mwaka 2021 akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 85. Kwa mujibu wa maagizo aliyoyaacha katika wosia wake, mwili wake ulichomwa na majivu yake yakatawanywa katika Mto ''Tisza''. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == * ''Merry-Go-Round'' ([[1956]]) * ''Two Confessions'' ([[1957]]) * ''Suburban Legend'' (1957) * ''Iron Flower'' ([[1958]]) * ''St. Peter's Umbrella'' (1958) * ''Édes Anna'' ([[1959]]) * ''Sleepless Years'' (1959) * ''Be True Until Death'' ([[1960]]) * ''Drama of the Lark'' ([[1963]]) * ''And Then The Guy'' ([[1966]]). <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0879556/</ref><ref>https://port.hu/adatlap/szemely/torocsik-mari/person-6653</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Hungaria]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hungaria]] 5wybb8ec2fne5kf4s6uwrooctz59yh7 0 256178 1611512 2026-10-27T06:18:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Dellera''' (alizaliwa [[2 Oktoba]] [[1965]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Dellera alizaliwa katika [[familia]] ya Kiyahudi nchini Italia. Baada ya kumaliza elimu ya sekondari katika masomo ya kale, Francesca Dellera alianza kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo. Alipigwa picha na wapiga picha mashuhuri duniani, wakiwemo Helmut Newton, Dominique Issermann, Greg Gorman, Michel Comte na wengine. Mwandishi wa habari za mitindo Natalia Aspesi alimwelezea Francesca Dellera kwa maneno yafuatayo: “Anapolinganishwa na vigezo vya sasa visivyozingatia mvuto wa kimapenzi, Francesca Dellera ni [[mwanamke]] kijana wa enzi tofauti. Ngozi yake nyeupe na laini ni kitu ambacho siku hizi hakionekani tena. Leo, uanamke unaonyeshwa kwa namna ya kujionyesha kupita kiasi na bila mvuto wa kimapenzi, kama inavyoonyeshwa mara nyingi kwenye [[televisheni]] na hata katika ulimwengu wa mitindo.”<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0217481/</ref><ref>https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1988/11/06/francesca-dellera-una-splendida-adriana.html?ref=search</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} nhig37ewcdmhtwzxrk762qnffi4ip97 0 256179 1611514 2026-10-27T06:41:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed C-130 Hercules |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | File:Lockheed_C-130_Hercu...' 1611514 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed C-130 Hercules |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Lockheed_C-130_Hercules.jpg|250px|Lockheed C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Lockheed C-130 Hercules angani</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyofanya safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | 23 Agosti 1954 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | Desemba 1956 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika na inazalishwa bado |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyoundwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Zaidi ya 2,500 |} '''Lockheed C-130 Hercules''' ni ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji ya [[Marekani]] yenye injini nne za [[turboprop]], iliyoundwa na kutengenezwa na [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]). Ilianza kuruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 na kuingia katika huduma ya [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956.<ref name="USAF">{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=U.S. Air Force|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> C-130 inajulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye uwanja wa ndege mbovu au ambao hauko vema, kama barabara za vumbi na viwanja vidogo vya ndege. Inatumika kusafirisha wanajeshi, vifaa, dawa na mizigo, na pia kufanya kazi kama [[AC-130|ndege ya mapigano]], ndege ya uokoaji, [[KC-130|ndege ya kujaza mafuta angani]], [[WC-130|ndege ya uchunguzi wa hali ya hewa]] na [[LC-130|ndege ya Antaktika]].<ref name="USAF" /> == Historia == Vita vya Korea vilionyesha kwamba ndege za usafirishaji za zama za [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] hazikuwa tena za kutosha. Tarehe 2 Februari 1951, [[United States Air Force]] ilitoa mahitaji ya ndege mpya ya usafirishaji, na Lockheed ilishinda ushindani huo kupitia mradi uliotengenezwa na timu ya [[Willis Hawkins]].<ref name="rhodes">{{cite magazine |surname=Rhodes |given=Jeff |title=Willis Hawkins and the genesis of the Hercules |magazine=Code One Magazine |volume=19 |issue=3 |date=Third Quarter 2004 |url=https://www.issuu.com/aviationlive/docs/2004-3/18 |pages=16–21}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130 Hercules flight deck.jpg|thumb|alt=Instrument panels and control columns of a C-130H flight deck|left|Chumba cha marubani cha C-130H Hercules]] Mfano wa kwanza wa majaribio, YC-130, uliruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 kutoka kiwanda cha Lockheed huko Burbank, California, ukiongozwa na marubani Stanley Beltz na Roy Wimmer.<ref name="dabney">{{cite book |last=Dabney |first=Joseph E. A. |title=Mating of the Jeep, the Truck, and the Airplane |year=2004 |publisher=Lockheed Martin |volume=29 |pages=3}}</ref> Baada ya hapo, uzalishaji ukaanza huko Marietta, Georgia, ambapo zaidi ya ndege 2,300 zimetengenezwa kufikia mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite book |last=Olausson |first=Lars |year=2009 |title=Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2009 |edition=27th}}</ref> C-130A ya kwanza ilianza huduma katika [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956, ikiwa na injini za Allison T56 turboprop. === Jina la Hercules === [[File:Greek Air Force C-130H Hercules Lofting.jpg|thumb|C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Ugiriki ikiwa na mchoro wa shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki Hercules]] Ndege hiyo ilipewa jina "Hercules" na mtengenezaji wake Lockheed kulingana na shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki aliyejulikana kwa nguvu na ushujaa wake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a26156/c-130-badass-plane/|title=Why the C-130 Is Such a Badass Plane|author=Eric Tegler|website=Popular Mechanics|date=2017-04-21}}</ref> == Muundo na maboresho == [[File:C-130E Hercules dropping flares.jpg|thumb|C-130E ikirusha fataki za kujilinda (flares) wakati wa mazoezi]] C-130 ina mwili mrefu, mabawa ya juu, na injini nne za [[turboprop]]. Mabawa ya juu yanaipa uwezo wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye viwanja visivyo tayari, na mwili wake wa chini unairuhusu kubeba mizigo mikubwa kupitia mlango wa nyuma wenye njia panda (ramp). [[File:One U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules aircraft taxis as another takes off from Yeo Ju airstrip during the joint U.S.-South Korean Exercise Team Spirit '84 DF-ST-84-11567.jpg|thumb|Ndege mbili za C-130 Hercules nchini Korea Kusini, mwaka 1984]] [[File:A C-130 Hercules from the 36th Airlift Squadron conducts a night flight mission over Yokota Air Base (26385249024).jpg|thumb|C-130 kwenye safari ya usiku juu ya Kituo cha Anga cha Yokota]] Ndege hiyo ina urefu wa futi 97 inchi 8 (mita 29.72), urefu wa mabawa wa futi 132 inchi 7 (mita 40.41), na ina uwezo wa kubeba wanajeshi 92 au wagonjwa 74 kwenye matandiko ya hospitali, pamoja na mizigo ya hadi pauni 35,000 (kilo 15,876).<ref name="NavyMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=National Naval Aviation Museum|date=2018-01-01|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.3 XV307 of the RAF - 2006 RIAT at RAF Fairford.jpg|thumb|C-130K (C.3) ya Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza (RAF)]] [[File:HC-130P-N refuels HH-60G.jpg|thumb|HC-130P ikiijaza mafuta angani helikopta ya HH-60G Pavehawk]] [[File:Lockheed L-382 C-130H-LM Hercules (USAF sn 92-1532, cn 382-5328) (8-26-2023).jpg|thumb|C-130H iliyowekwa naipu mpya za NP2000 zenye bapa nane]] == Matumizi na matoleo == C-130 inatumika katika nchi zaidi ya 70 duniani kote. Kuanzia matoleo ya zamani hadi ya kisasa kama vile [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J Super Hercules]] yenye injini mpya na mfumo wa dijiti, ndege hii imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika usafirishaji wa kijeshi, uokoaji, uzimaji moto, na upigaji doria. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/ C-130 Hercules] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/c130/history.html C-130 History] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya Lockheed Martin * [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html C-130 Hercules] kwenye National Naval Aviation Museum {{Mbegu-teknolojia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hercules, C-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Ndege za usafirishaji]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] [[Jamii:1954 aircraft]] bcf3fvh3ma4sivmi8wazwjkz7jtfgu1 1611515 1611514 2026-10-27T06:41:53Z Said Mfaume 68307 1611515 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed C-130 Hercules |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Lockheed_C-130_Hercules.jpg|250px|Lockheed C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Lockheed C-130 Hercules angani</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyofanya safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | 23 Agosti 1954 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | Desemba 1956 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika na inazalishwa bado |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyoundwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Zaidi ya 2,500 |} '''Lockheed C-130 Hercules''' ni ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji ya [[Marekani]] yenye injini nne za [[turboprop]], iliyoundwa na kutengenezwa na [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]). Ilianza kuruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 na kuingia katika huduma ya [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956.<ref name="USAF">{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=U.S. Air Force|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> C-130 inajulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye uwanja wa ndege mbovu au ambao hauko vema, kama barabara za vumbi na viwanja vidogo vya ndege. Inatumika kusafirisha wanajeshi, vifaa, dawa na mizigo, na pia kufanya kazi kama [[AC-130|ndege ya mapigano]], ndege ya uokoaji, [[KC-130|ndege ya kujaza mafuta angani]], [[WC-130|ndege ya uchunguzi wa hali ya hewa]] na [[LC-130|ndege ya Antaktika]].<ref name="USAF" /> == Historia == Vita vya Korea vilionyesha kwamba ndege za usafirishaji za zama za [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] hazikuwa tena za kutosha. Tarehe 2 Februari 1951, [[United States Air Force]] ilitoa mahitaji ya ndege mpya ya usafirishaji, na Lockheed ilishinda ushindani huo kupitia mradi uliotengenezwa na timu ya [[Willis Hawkins]].<ref name="rhodes">{{cite magazine |surname=Rhodes |given=Jeff |title=Willis Hawkins and the genesis of the Hercules |magazine=Code One Magazine |volume=19 |issue=3 |date=Third Quarter 2004 |url=https://www.issuu.com/aviationlive/docs/2004-3/18 |pages=16–21}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130 Hercules flight deck.jpg|thumb|alt=Instrument panels and control columns of a C-130H flight deck|left|Chumba cha marubani cha C-130H Hercules]] Mfano wa kwanza wa majaribio, YC-130, uliruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 kutoka kiwanda cha Lockheed huko Burbank, California, ukiongozwa na marubani Stanley Beltz na Roy Wimmer.<ref name="dabney">{{cite book |last=Dabney |first=Joseph E. A. |title=Mating of the Jeep, the Truck, and the Airplane |year=2004 |publisher=Lockheed Martin |volume=29 |pages=3}}</ref> Baada ya hapo, uzalishaji ukaanza huko Marietta, Georgia, ambapo zaidi ya ndege 2,300 zimetengenezwa kufikia mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite book |last=Olausson |first=Lars |year=2009 |title=Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2009 |edition=27th}}</ref> C-130A ya kwanza ilianza huduma katika [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956, ikiwa na injini za Allison T56 turboprop. === Jina la Hercules === [[File:Greek Air Force C-130H Hercules Lofting.jpg|thumb|C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Ugiriki ikiwa na mchoro wa shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki Hercules]] Ndege hiyo ilipewa jina "Hercules" na mtengenezaji wake Lockheed kulingana na shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki aliyejulikana kwa nguvu na ushujaa wake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a26156/c-130-badass-plane/|title=Why the C-130 Is Such a Badass Plane|author=Eric Tegler|website=Popular Mechanics|date=2017-04-21}}</ref> == Muundo na maboresho == [[File:C-130E Hercules dropping flares.jpg|thumb|C-130E ikirusha fataki za kujilinda (flares) wakati wa mazoezi]] C-130 ina mwili mrefu, mabawa ya juu, na injini nne za [[turboprop]]. Mabawa ya juu yanaipa uwezo wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye viwanja visivyo tayari, na mwili wake wa chini unairuhusu kubeba mizigo mikubwa kupitia mlango wa nyuma wenye njia panda (ramp). [[File:One U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules aircraft taxis as another takes off from Yeo Ju airstrip during the joint U.S.-South Korean Exercise Team Spirit '84 DF-ST-84-11567.jpg|thumb|Ndege mbili za C-130 Hercules nchini Korea Kusini, mwaka 1984]] [[File:A C-130 Hercules from the 36th Airlift Squadron conducts a night flight mission over Yokota Air Base (26385249024).jpg|thumb|C-130 kwenye safari ya usiku juu ya Kituo cha Anga cha Yokota]] Ndege hiyo ina urefu wa futi 97 inchi 8 (mita 29.72), urefu wa mabawa wa futi 132 inchi 7 (mita 40.41), na ina uwezo wa kubeba wanajeshi 92 au wagonjwa 74 kwenye matandiko ya hospitali, pamoja na mizigo ya hadi pauni 35,000 (kilo 15,876).<ref name="NavyMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=National Naval Aviation Museum|date=2018-01-01|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.3 XV307 of the RAF - 2006 RIAT at RAF Fairford.jpg|thumb|C-130K (C.3) ya Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza (RAF)]] [[File:HC-130P-N refuels HH-60G.jpg|thumb|HC-130P ikiijaza mafuta angani helikopta ya HH-60G Pavehawk]] [[File:Lockheed L-382 C-130H-LM Hercules (USAF sn 92-1532, cn 382-5328) (8-26-2023).jpg|thumb|C-130H iliyowekwa naipu mpya za NP2000 zenye bapa nane]] == Matumizi na matoleo == C-130 inatumika katika nchi zaidi ya 70 duniani kote. Kuanzia matoleo ya zamani hadi ya kisasa kama vile [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J Super Hercules]] yenye injini mpya na mfumo wa dijiti, ndege hii imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika usafirishaji wa kijeshi, uokoaji, uzimaji moto, na upigaji doria. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/ C-130 Hercules] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/c130/history.html C-130 History] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya Lockheed Martin * [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html C-130 Hercules] kwenye National Naval Aviation Museum {{Mbegu-teknolojia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hercules, C-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Ndege za usafirishaji]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] j6nzrl98ymaop274g1iyojr2ge7pl99 0 256180 1611517 2026-10-27T07:09:06Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed AC-130 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | File:AC-130 (5872).jpg|250px|AC-1...' 1611517 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed AC-130 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:AC-130 (5872).jpg|250px|AC-130J Ghostrider ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Ndege ya mapigano ya AC-130J Ghostrider kutoka Kikosi cha 4 cha Operesheni Maalum</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya mapigano ya angani na usaidizi wa karibu wa ardhi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nchi ya asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Marekani]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed Martin]]<br />[[Boeing]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | AC-130A: 1967 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1968 * AC-130H: 1969<ref name="af26may15">{{Cite web |last=Slack |first=Chip |date=26 May 2015 |title=Air Commandos retire final AC-130H Spectre gunship |url=https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629232926/https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-date=29 June 2017 |website=Cannon AFB |publisher=27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs}}</ref> * AC-130U: 1995<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104486/ac-130u/ |access-date=1 November 2022 |title=AC-130U Fact Sheet |work=Air Force }}</ref> * AC-130W: 2012<ref name="AF_Factsheet_130W_2021">{{Cite web |date=March 2021 |title=AC-130W Stinger II |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803104448/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-date=3 August 2022 |website=AF.mil}}</ref> * AC-130J: 2017<ref name="AC130J">{{cite web |title=AC-130J Ghostrider |work=Air Force |publisher=United States Air Force |date=January 2025 |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127193711/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2025-07-06}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilipoondolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1995 * AC-130H: 2015<ref name="af26may15" /> * AC-130U: 2020<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021" /> * AC-130W: 2022 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika (AC-130J) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyotokana na: | style="padding: 3px;" | * [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Aina nyingine / Matoleo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | AC-130A • AC-130H Spectre<br />AC-130U Spooky • AC-130W Stinger II<br />AC-130J Ghostrider |} '''Lockheed AC-130''' ni ndege ya mapigano yenye silaha nzito za kushambulia ardhini. Inatokana na ndege ya usafirishaji ya [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]]. Ndege hii inabeba safu pana ya silaha zilizounganishwa na vihisi vya kielektroniki, mifumo ya urubani, na mifumo ya kudhibiti shabaha na moto. Kwa sababu ya ukubwa wake na urefu mdogo wa kuruka wa takriban futi 7,000 (mita 2,100), operesheni zake za kutoa usaidizi wa karibu wa anga mara nyingi hufanywa usiku. Jumba la ndege hii unatengenezwa na [[Lockheed Martin]], wakati kampuni ya [[Boeing]] inahusika na kuibadilisha kuwa ndege ya mapigano na kuipa huduma za usaidizi.<ref name="Boe_AC-130U">[http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page AC-130U Gunship page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810074357/http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page |date=10 August 2014}}. Boeing.</ref> Mtumiaji wake pekee amekuwa [[Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]] ([[United States Air Force]]), ambalo kwa sasa linatumia toleo la '''AC-130J Ghostrider'''. Ilitengenezwa wakati wa [[Vita ya Vietnam]] chini ya mradi wa "Project Gunship II" ili kuchukua nafasi ya [[Douglas AC-47 Spooky]]. Tangu wakati huo, imeshiriki katika mapigano huko Grenada, Panama, Vita ya Ghuba, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq na Libya.<ref name="AC-130HU_factsht_2009">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2010 |title=AC-130H/U Gunship |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610103448/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-date=10 June 2009 |publisher=US Air Force}}</ref> [[File:An air-to-air front view of a AC-130 Hercules aircraft in-flight near Hurlburt Field DF-ST-89-00413.jpg|thumb|left|Ndege ya AC-130H Spectre ikiruka angani, 1988]] Ndege hii ina chumba cha marubani kisichobanwa na hewa (unpressurized cabin), na silaha zake zote zimeunganishwa ili kupiga risasi kupitia upande wa kushoto wa mwili wa ndege. Wakati wa shambulio, ndege hufanya mzunguko mkubwa angani ukizingira lengo (pylon turn), hali inayoiwezesha kuendelea kumimina risasi kwenye eneo moja kwa muda mrefu kuliko shambulio la kawaida la ndege za vita. [[File:AC-130U Spooky gunship 30 mm cannon.jpg|thumb|AC-130U ikiwa na mizinga miwili ya 30 mm Bushmaster, 2007]] Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, mfumo wa silaha wa AC-130 umeboreshwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuongezwa mizinga ya kisasa ya mm 30 na mm 105, pamoja na uwezo wa kurusha makombora yanayoelekezwa kwa usahihi wa hali ya juu kama vile AGM-114 Hellfire na mabomu ya GBU-39 au GBU-69/B Small Glide Munition. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ AC-130J Ghostrider] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197558/lockheed-ac-130a-hercules/ Lockheed AC-130A Hercules] kwenye National Museum of the USAF {{DEFAULTSORT:AC-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] {{mbegu-teknolojia}} m263n7jcno073o0foz449odj1pe2myl 1611518 1611517 2026-10-27T07:09:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 Said Mfaume alihamisha ukurasa wa [[AC-130]] hadi [[Lockheed AC-130]] 1611517 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed AC-130 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:AC-130 (5872).jpg|250px|AC-130J Ghostrider ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Ndege ya mapigano ya AC-130J Ghostrider kutoka Kikosi cha 4 cha Operesheni Maalum</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya mapigano ya angani na usaidizi wa karibu wa ardhi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nchi ya asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Marekani]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed Martin]]<br />[[Boeing]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | AC-130A: 1967 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1968 * AC-130H: 1969<ref name="af26may15">{{Cite web |last=Slack |first=Chip |date=26 May 2015 |title=Air Commandos retire final AC-130H Spectre gunship |url=https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629232926/https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-date=29 June 2017 |website=Cannon AFB |publisher=27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs}}</ref> * AC-130U: 1995<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104486/ac-130u/ |access-date=1 November 2022 |title=AC-130U Fact Sheet |work=Air Force }}</ref> * AC-130W: 2012<ref name="AF_Factsheet_130W_2021">{{Cite web |date=March 2021 |title=AC-130W Stinger II |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803104448/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-date=3 August 2022 |website=AF.mil}}</ref> * AC-130J: 2017<ref name="AC130J">{{cite web |title=AC-130J Ghostrider |work=Air Force |publisher=United States Air Force |date=January 2025 |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127193711/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2025-07-06}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilipoondolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1995 * AC-130H: 2015<ref name="af26may15" /> * AC-130U: 2020<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021" /> * AC-130W: 2022 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika (AC-130J) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyotokana na: | style="padding: 3px;" | * [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Aina nyingine / Matoleo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | AC-130A • AC-130H Spectre<br />AC-130U Spooky • AC-130W Stinger II<br />AC-130J Ghostrider |} '''Lockheed AC-130''' ni ndege ya mapigano yenye silaha nzito za kushambulia ardhini. Inatokana na ndege ya usafirishaji ya [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]]. Ndege hii inabeba safu pana ya silaha zilizounganishwa na vihisi vya kielektroniki, mifumo ya urubani, na mifumo ya kudhibiti shabaha na moto. Kwa sababu ya ukubwa wake na urefu mdogo wa kuruka wa takriban futi 7,000 (mita 2,100), operesheni zake za kutoa usaidizi wa karibu wa anga mara nyingi hufanywa usiku. Jumba la ndege hii unatengenezwa na [[Lockheed Martin]], wakati kampuni ya [[Boeing]] inahusika na kuibadilisha kuwa ndege ya mapigano na kuipa huduma za usaidizi.<ref name="Boe_AC-130U">[http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page AC-130U Gunship page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810074357/http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page |date=10 August 2014}}. Boeing.</ref> Mtumiaji wake pekee amekuwa [[Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]] ([[United States Air Force]]), ambalo kwa sasa linatumia toleo la '''AC-130J Ghostrider'''. Ilitengenezwa wakati wa [[Vita ya Vietnam]] chini ya mradi wa "Project Gunship II" ili kuchukua nafasi ya [[Douglas AC-47 Spooky]]. Tangu wakati huo, imeshiriki katika mapigano huko Grenada, Panama, Vita ya Ghuba, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq na Libya.<ref name="AC-130HU_factsht_2009">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2010 |title=AC-130H/U Gunship |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610103448/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-date=10 June 2009 |publisher=US Air Force}}</ref> [[File:An air-to-air front view of a AC-130 Hercules aircraft in-flight near Hurlburt Field DF-ST-89-00413.jpg|thumb|left|Ndege ya AC-130H Spectre ikiruka angani, 1988]] Ndege hii ina chumba cha marubani kisichobanwa na hewa (unpressurized cabin), na silaha zake zote zimeunganishwa ili kupiga risasi kupitia upande wa kushoto wa mwili wa ndege. Wakati wa shambulio, ndege hufanya mzunguko mkubwa angani ukizingira lengo (pylon turn), hali inayoiwezesha kuendelea kumimina risasi kwenye eneo moja kwa muda mrefu kuliko shambulio la kawaida la ndege za vita. [[File:AC-130U Spooky gunship 30 mm cannon.jpg|thumb|AC-130U ikiwa na mizinga miwili ya 30 mm Bushmaster, 2007]] Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, mfumo wa silaha wa AC-130 umeboreshwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuongezwa mizinga ya kisasa ya mm 30 na mm 105, pamoja na uwezo wa kurusha makombora yanayoelekezwa kwa usahihi wa hali ya juu kama vile AGM-114 Hellfire na mabomu ya GBU-39 au GBU-69/B Small Glide Munition. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ AC-130J Ghostrider] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197558/lockheed-ac-130a-hercules/ Lockheed AC-130A Hercules] kwenye National Museum of the USAF {{DEFAULTSORT:AC-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] {{mbegu-teknolojia}} m263n7jcno073o0foz449odj1pe2myl 1611520 1611518 2026-10-27T07:26:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1611520 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed AC-130 |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:AC-130 (5872).jpg|250px|AC-130J Ghostrider ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Ndege ya mapigano ya AC-130J Ghostrider kutoka Kikosi cha 4 cha Operesheni Maalum</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya mapigano ya angani na usaidizi wa karibu wa ardhi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nchi ya asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Marekani]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed Martin]]<br />[[Boeing]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | AC-130A: 1967 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1968 * AC-130H: 1969<ref name="af26may15">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Slack |first=Chip |date=26 May 2015 |title=Air Commandos retire final AC-130H Spectre gunship |url=https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629232926/https://www.cannon.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/589815/air-commandos-retire-final-ac-130h-spectre-gunship/ |archive-date=29 June 2017 |website=Cannon AFB |publisher=27th Special Operations Wing Public Affairs}}</ref> * AC-130U: 1995<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021">{{cite web |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104486/ac-130u/ |access-date=1 November 2022 |title=AC-130U Fact Sheet |work=Air Force }}</ref> * AC-130W: 2012<ref name="AF_Factsheet_130W_2021">{{Rejea tovuti |date=March 2021 |title=AC-130W Stinger II |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803104448/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/104485/ac-130w-stinger-ii/ |archive-date=3 August 2022 |website=AF.mil}}</ref> * AC-130J: 2017<ref name="AC130J">{{cite web |title=AC-130J Ghostrider |work=Air Force |publisher=United States Air Force |date=January 2025 |url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127193711/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ |archive-date=27 November 2024 |access-date=2025-07-06}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilipoondolewa: | style="padding: 3px;" | * AC-130A: 1995 * AC-130H: 2015<ref name="af26may15" /> * AC-130U: 2020<ref name="AF_factsht_AC-130U_2021" /> * AC-130W: 2022 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika (AC-130J) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyotokana na: | style="padding: 3px;" | * [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] * [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules]] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Aina nyingine / Matoleo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | AC-130A • AC-130H Spectre<br />AC-130U Spooky • AC-130W Stinger II<br />AC-130J Ghostrider |} '''Lockheed AC-130''' ni ndege ya mapigano yenye silaha nzito za kushambulia ardhini. Inatokana na ndege ya usafirishaji ya [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules|C-130 Hercules]]. Ndege hii inabeba safu pana ya silaha zilizounganishwa na vihisi vya kielektroniki, mifumo ya urubani, na mifumo ya kudhibiti shabaha na moto. Kwa sababu ya ukubwa wake na urefu mdogo wa kuruka wa takriban futi 7,000 (mita 2,100), operesheni zake za kutoa usaidizi wa karibu wa anga mara nyingi hufanywa usiku. Jumba la ndege hii unatengenezwa na [[Lockheed Martin]], wakati kampuni ya [[Boeing]] inahusika na kuibadilisha kuwa ndege ya mapigano na kuipa huduma za usaidizi.<ref name="Boe_AC-130U">[http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page AC-130U Gunship page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810074357/http://www.boeing.com/boeing/history/bna/ac130u.page |date=10 August 2014}}. Boeing.</ref> Mtumiaji wake pekee amekuwa [[Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]] ([[United States Air Force]]), ambalo kwa sasa linatumia toleo la '''AC-130J Ghostrider'''. Ilitengenezwa wakati wa [[Vita ya Vietnam]] chini ya mradi wa "Project Gunship II" ili kuchukua nafasi ya [[Douglas AC-47 Spooky]]. Tangu wakati huo, imeshiriki katika mapigano huko Grenada, Panama, Vita ya Ghuba, Somalia, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq na Libya.<ref name="AC-130HU_factsht_2009">{{Rejea tovuti |date=30 July 2010 |title=AC-130H/U Gunship |url=http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610103448/http://www.af.mil/information/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=71 |archive-date=10 June 2009 |publisher=US Air Force}}</ref> [[File:An air-to-air front view of a AC-130 Hercules aircraft in-flight near Hurlburt Field DF-ST-89-00413.jpg|thumb|left|Ndege ya AC-130H Spectre ikiruka angani, 1988]] Ndege hii ina chumba cha marubani kisichobanwa na hewa (unpressurized cabin), na silaha zake zote zimeunganishwa ili kupiga risasi kupitia upande wa kushoto wa mwili wa ndege. Wakati wa shambulio, ndege hufanya mzunguko mkubwa angani ukizingira lengo (pylon turn), hali inayoiwezesha kuendelea kumimina risasi kwenye eneo moja kwa muda mrefu kuliko shambulio la kawaida la ndege za vita. [[File:AC-130U Spooky gunship 30 mm cannon.jpg|thumb|AC-130U ikiwa na mizinga miwili ya 30 mm Bushmaster, 2007]] Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, mfumo wa silaha wa AC-130 umeboreshwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kuongezwa mizinga ya kisasa ya mm 30 na mm 105, pamoja na uwezo wa kurusha makombora yanayoelekezwa kwa usahihi wa hali ya juu kama vile AGM-114 Hellfire na mabomu ya GBU-39 au GBU-69/B Small Glide Munition. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/467756/ac-130j-ghostrider/ AC-130J Ghostrider] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197558/lockheed-ac-130a-hercules/ Lockheed AC-130A Hercules] kwenye National Museum of the USAF {{DEFAULTSORT:AC-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] {{mbegu-teknolojia}} nof540wywtzk0rpxge0k2jfdpyy9m5q 0 256181 1611519 2026-10-27T07:09:26Z Said Mfaume 68307 Said Mfaume alihamisha ukurasa wa [[AC-130]] hadi [[Lockheed AC-130]] 1611519 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lockheed AC-130]] 6uvydnmbcobiuo7bym2swdma9csuwdp 0 256182 1611524 2026-10-27T08:37:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611524 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Barbara de Rossi 03.jpg|thumb|Barbara de Rossi]] '''Barbara De Rossi''' (alizaliwa [[9 Agosti]] [[1960]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] ambaye ameunganisha kazi yake katika sinema za kimataifa na umaarufu wa muda mrefu katika [[televisheni]] ya Italia. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == [[Familia]] ya baba aliekuwa akiingiza nchini Italia mvinyo kutoka nje na mama yake aliekuwa [[Mjerumani]]. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya miaka yake ya utotoni na ujana mjini [[Rimini]]. Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15, De Rossi aligunduliwa na mkurugenzi Alberto Lattuada aliposhiriki katika shindano la urembo. Alianza kuigiza filamu kupitia filamu ya ''Lattuada'' ya ''Stay As You Are'' ([[1978]]), akicheza pamoja na Marcello Mastroianni na Nastassia Kinski. Baadae, aliigiza kama binti wa Virna Lisi katika filamu ''La Cicala'' (''The Cricket'') ya mwaka [[1980]], ambayo pia iliongozwa na Lattuada. Mwaka [[1983]], aliigiza nafasi ya Bradamante, shujaa maarufu wa kike, katika filamu ''Hearts and Armour'', iliyoongozwa na Giacomo Battiato.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0211281/</ref><ref>https://www.rai.it/dl/portali/site/articolo/ContentItem-f81ba3f5-cc59-4db7-8691-648d53353514.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ca01dy4zb7u78vs24pax6zqnxhr7vqk 0 256183 1611525 2026-10-27T08:43:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna Valle Tesori D'Italia 2018.png|thumb|Anna Valle]] '''Anna Valle''' (alizaliwa [[19 Juni]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Italia]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. == Maisha na kazi == Baada ya wazazi wake kutengana, alihamia Sicily, katika mji wa Lentini, ambao ni mji wa asili wa mama yake. Baada ya kumaliza [[shule ya sekondari]], alijiunga na Kitivo cha Sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Catania. Hata hivyo, aliacha masomo mwaka [[1995]] baada ya kutangazwa kuwa ''Miss Italy''. Mwaka uliofuata, alishiriki katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'' [[1996]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0884891/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} a2vag0emxbm63dle27rn7rf5evla3wk 0 256184 1611526 2026-10-27T08:43:35Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Roger Grant''' (alifariki [[7 Aprili]] [[1724]]) alikuwa daktari wa uwongo (quack) na mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) wa Uingereza asiye na sifa rasmi. Grant, akiwa amepoteza jicho moja kama mwanajeshi katika huduma ya mfalme wa Ujerumani, alijianzisha kama mtaalamu wa macho katika enzi ya utawala wa Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] huko Mouse Alley, Wapping. Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne na wa George I, na akajipatia utajiri mkubwa. Anataj...' 1611526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger Grant''' (alifariki [[7 Aprili]] [[1724]]) alikuwa daktari wa uwongo (quack) na mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) wa Uingereza asiye na sifa rasmi. Grant, akiwa amepoteza jicho moja kama mwanajeshi katika huduma ya mfalme wa Ujerumani, alijianzisha kama mtaalamu wa macho katika enzi ya utawala wa Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] huko Mouse Alley, Wapping. Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne na wa George I, na akajipatia utajiri mkubwa. Anatajwa kwa kejeli kama anaye 'ng'oa macho kwa mafanikio makubwa' katika Toleo Nambari 444 la ''The Spectator'' ([[30 Julai]] [[1712]]). Karatasi inayoelezea matibabu aliyodai kuyafanya ipo katika Maktaba ya Makumbusho ya Uingereza, na pia kuna jarida la ''Account of a Miraculous Cure of a Young Man in Newington'', London, 1709, lililoandikwa kwa ajili ya kupinga na kudhalilisha madai yake. Jarida hilo linasema kwamba Grant alikuwa mhubiri wa [[Baptist|Ubatizo]], alikua mshonaji wa viatu, na alikuwa asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1724]] 4hhnvslx7alihklzq8ph65kleqrvw7n 1611547 1611526 2026-10-27T09:42:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Roger Grant (oculist)]] hadi [[Roger Grant (daktari wa macho)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roger Grant''' (alifariki [[7 Aprili]] [[1724]]) alikuwa daktari wa uwongo (quack) na mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) wa Uingereza asiye na sifa rasmi. Grant, akiwa amepoteza jicho moja kama mwanajeshi katika huduma ya mfalme wa Ujerumani, alijianzisha kama mtaalamu wa macho katika enzi ya utawala wa Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] huko Mouse Alley, Wapping. Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne na wa George I, na akajipatia utajiri mkubwa. Anatajwa kwa kejeli kama anaye 'ng'oa macho kwa mafanikio makubwa' katika Toleo Nambari 444 la ''The Spectator'' ([[30 Julai]] [[1712]]). Karatasi inayoelezea matibabu aliyodai kuyafanya ipo katika Maktaba ya Makumbusho ya Uingereza, na pia kuna jarida la ''Account of a Miraculous Cure of a Young Man in Newington'', London, 1709, lililoandikwa kwa ajili ya kupinga na kudhalilisha madai yake. Jarida hilo linasema kwamba Grant alikuwa mhubiri wa [[Baptist|Ubatizo]], alikua mshonaji wa viatu, na alikuwa asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1724]] 4hhnvslx7alihklzq8ph65kleqrvw7n 0 256185 1611528 2026-10-27T08:50:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611528 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Manuela Arcuri by Alberto Magliozzi.jpg|thumb|Manuela Arcuri]] '''Manuela Arcuri''' ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza katika mfululizo wa [[tamthilia]] ya kihistoria ''Il peccato e la vergogna'' ([[2008]]–[[2014]]), ulioonyeshwa kwenye kituo cha televisheni cha ''Canale 5''. == Maisha ya awali == Manuela Arcuri alizaliwa Anagni, karibu na [[Frosinone]]. Baba yake anatoka katika Mkoa wa [[Crotone]], huku mama yake akitoka Avellino. == Kazi yake == Mwaka [[1995]], Arcuri alionekana katika nafasi mbalimbali kwenye tamthilia za televisheni na akaigiza filamu yake ya kwanza, ''Black Holes.'' Baadae, alipata nafasi ya kusaidia katika filamu ya ''The Graduates'', iliyoongozwa na Leonardo Pieraccioni, na nafasi muhimu katika filamu ya vichekesho ''Bagnomaria'', iliyotengenezwa na Giorgio Panariello. Filamu hiyo ilimfanya aanze kufahamika kwa watazamaji wa filamu. Aliendelea kuigiza katika filamu nyingine na maonyesho ya jukwaani, yakiwemo ''A Pretty Story of a Woman'' na ''Liolà''. Katika maonyesho hayo, aliigiza pamoja na Gianfranco Jannuzzo chini ya uongozaji wa Gigi Proietti.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0033899/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040647/http://www.calabresi.net/2011/06/16/manuela-arcuri-e-le-sue-origini-calabresi/13892/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} p1ydbidc2k7h71813ahcr40vyitgxpv 0 256186 1611529 2026-10-27T08:57:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:PERX0146 06.jpg|thumb|liliana cavani]] '''Liliana Cavani''' (alizaliwa [[12 Januari]] [[1933]]) ni mkurugenzi wa [[filamu]] na [[mwandishi]] wa miswada ya filamu kutoka [[Italia]]. Cavani alipata umaarufu wa kimataifa baada ya mafanikio ya filamu yake ya mwaka [[1974]], ''Il portiere di notte (The Night Porter''). Filamu zake hujikita katika masuala ya kihistoria. Mbali na filamu za kawaida na filamu za hali halisi, pia amekuwa akiongoza opera. == Maisha ya awali == Baba yake, ambaye alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo kutoka Mantua, alitoka katika familia ya tabaka la kati la kihafidhina iliyomiliki mashamba. “Baba yangu alikuwa mbunifu wa majengo aliyependezwa na maendeleo ya miji.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0146960/</ref><ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/liliana-cavani-tony-leung-venice-golden-lion-2023-1235361255/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cm4ed78ne0t8q7m3u1a0mfrsu07v8v6 0 256187 1611531 2026-10-27T09:05:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Cristiana Capotondi.jpg|thumb|Cristiana Capotondi]] '''Cristiana Capotondi''' (alizaliwa [[13 Septemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Italia]]. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Babu yake wa upande wa mama alikuwa Myahudi. Alipokuwa akikulia [[Roma]], alikuwa akisherehekea sikukuu za [[Kikristo]] na za Kiyahudi, kama vile ''Yom Kippur'' na ''Rosh Hashanah'', na alitembelea kanisa pamoja na sinagogi. Alihitimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''La Sapienza'' mjini Roma, ambako alipata shahada ya sayansi ya mawasiliano. == Maisha binafsi == Baada ya kuwa katika uhusiano wa miaka kumi na [[Mwanaume|mwanamume]] ambae hakuhusika na ulimwengu wa burudani, alianzisha mahusiano na waigizaji wenzake, Nicolas Vaporidis na Primo Reggiani. Kuanzia mwaka [[2005]] hadi [[2021]], alikuwa katika uhusiano na Andrea Pezzi, [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa zamani wa [[televisheni]]. Ana binti alizaliwa mwaka [[2022]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0135404/</ref><ref>https://www.leggo.it/spettacoli/cinema/cristiana_capotondi_pancino_sospetto_andrea_pezzi_18_ottobre_2018-4048102.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} jujqg0jf2ct61mafrnex9caha9gz7bf 0 256188 1611533 2026-10-27T09:11:42Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Read''' (1648 – [[24 Mei]] [[1715]]) alikuwa tabibu wa uwongo (quack) asiye na sifa rasmi wa Uingereza ambaye alitoa madai ya uongo ya kimatibabu, akijitambulisha kama mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) na akapewa ufaulu wa kupewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] kwa huduma zake za kimatibabu. == Kazi == Read alizaliwa huko [[Aberdeen]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa mshonaji viatu na awali alifanya kazi kama mshonaji nguo. Alikuwa asiyejua kusoma...' 1611533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Read''' (1648 – [[24 Mei]] [[1715]]) alikuwa tabibu wa uwongo (quack) asiye na sifa rasmi wa Uingereza ambaye alitoa madai ya uongo ya kimatibabu, akijitambulisha kama mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) na akapewa ufaulu wa kupewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] kwa huduma zake za kimatibabu. == Kazi == Read alizaliwa huko [[Aberdeen]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa mshonaji viatu na awali alifanya kazi kama mshonaji nguo. Alikuwa asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika.<ref>Anonymous. (1907). ''Some Quacks Of Bygone Days''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2404): 222.</ref><ref name="Rutson">James, R. Rutson. (2013 edition). ''Studies in the History of Ophthalmology in England Prior to 1800''. Cambridge University Press. p. 122-126. {{ISBN|978-1107625495}}</ref> Alifanya kazi ya utabibu wa macho (ophthalmology) Kaskazini na Magharibi mwa Uingereza kwa miaka mingi, na kufikia 1694, alikaa katika Majengo ya York huko Strand, London.<ref>Coleman, Vernon. (1998). ''The Story of Medicine''. European Medical Journal. p. 108. {{ISBN|978-1898947646}} "One of the most successful of the many relatively sophisticated quacks to make their fortunes in the eighteenth century was Sir William Read, a tailor, who set up in the Strand in London as an eye specialist in 1694 and who even managed to number Queen Anne among his patients. Read was knighted by Queen Anne and later became oculist to George I."</ref> Alijulikana kwa matangazo yake ya utapeli(charlatan); kwa mfano, alidai katika jarida la ''Tatler'' kwamba "alikuwa amefanya kazi kwa miaka mia tatu na tano katika upasuaji wa mtoto wa jicho, kuondoa aina zote za uvimbe, kutibu shingo zilizopinda na mdomo wa sungura bila kuacha alama. Mnamo 1705, Read aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne wa uingereza. Tarehe [[27 Julai]], Read alipewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne kwa huduma zake.<ref name="Rutson"/><ref>Sydney, William Connor. (1891). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044090368747;view=1up;seq=323 ''England and the English in the Eighteenth Century: Chapters in the Social History of the Times, Volume 1'']. Ward & Downey. p. 307. "Read, an impudent quack who practised by the light of nature in the city of Oxford, was one of those who were thus honoured, and as the queen experienced, or rather imagined she had experienced,' relief from his operations, she not only knighted him, but appointed him court oculist, an appointment which he enjoyed under her successor till his death, which occurred at Rochester on May 24, 1715."</ref> Malkia Anne, ambaye alikuwa anasumbuliwa na macho dhaifu ameelezewa kama "mwathirika wa asili wa matabibu ya uwongo".<ref>Anonymous. (1911). ''Some Notable Quacks''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2630): 1264-1274</ref> Read alijitangaza kama "Mtaalamu wa Macho wa Malkia".<ref name="Rutson"/> Shairi la mwaka 1705 kwa heshima ya Read, "The Oculist" linaloonekana katika mfumo wa jarida, limehifadhiwa katika makumbusho ya uingereza na maktaba ya Royal Society of Medicine.<ref name="Rutson"/> Mnamo 1706, Read aliandika kazi kubwa ''A Short But Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes''. Miaka mingi baadaye mnamo 1932, mtaalamu wa macho Arnold Sorsby aligundua kuwa sehemu ya kitabu hicho ilikuwa imeibiwa (plagiarized) kutoka kwa kitabu cha Richard Banister ''A Treatise of One Hundred and Thirteene Diseases of the Eyes, and Eye-liddes''.<ref name= "Albert">Albert, Daniel M; Henkind, Paul. (1994). ''Men of Vision: Lives of Notable Figures in Ophthalmology''. Saunders. pp. 33-37. {{ISBN|978-0721645124}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa George I wa uingereza mnamo 1714.<ref name= "Albert"/> Read alifariki huko Rochester tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[1715]], na amezikwa katika Kanisa la St Nicholas.<ref name="Rutson"/> == Chapisho == *''A Short but Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes'' (1706) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1648]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1715]] j7oi15vzj5zzplm30qzrael3q346401 1611535 1611533 2026-10-27T09:16:48Z Mandago8 92940 1611535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Read''' (1648 – [[24 Mei]] [[1715]]) alikuwa tabibu wa uwongo (quack) asiye na sifa rasmi wa Uingereza ambaye alitoa madai ya uongo ya kimatibabu, alijitambulisha kama mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) na akapewa ufaulu wa kupewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] kwa huduma zake za kimatibabu. == Kazi == Read alizaliwa huko [[Aberdeen]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa mshonaji viatu na awali alifanya kazi kama mshonaji nguo. Alikuwa asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika.<ref>Anonymous. (1907). ''Some Quacks Of Bygone Days''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2404): 222.</ref><ref name="Rutson">James, R. Rutson. (2013 edition). ''Studies in the History of Ophthalmology in England Prior to 1800''. Cambridge University Press. p. 122-126. {{ISBN|978-1107625495}}</ref> Alifanya kazi ya utabibu wa macho (ophthalmology) Kaskazini na Magharibi mwa Uingereza kwa miaka mingi, na kufikia 1694, alikaa katika Majengo ya York huko Strand, London.<ref>Coleman, Vernon. (1998). ''The Story of Medicine''. European Medical Journal. p. 108. {{ISBN|978-1898947646}} "One of the most successful of the many relatively sophisticated quacks to make their fortunes in the eighteenth century was Sir William Read, a tailor, who set up in the Strand in London as an eye specialist in 1694 and who even managed to number Queen Anne among his patients. Read was knighted by Queen Anne and later became oculist to George I."</ref> Alijulikana kwa matangazo yake ya utapeli(charlatan); kwa mfano, alidai katika jarida la ''Tatler'' kwamba "alikuwa amefanya kazi kwa miaka mia tatu na tano katika upasuaji wa mtoto wa jicho, kuondoa aina zote za uvimbe, kutibu shingo zilizopinda na mdomo wa sungura bila kuacha alama. Mnamo 1705, Read aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne wa uingereza. Tarehe [[27 Julai]], Read alipewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne kwa huduma zake.<ref name="Rutson"/><ref>Sydney, William Connor. (1891). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044090368747;view=1up;seq=323 ''England and the English in the Eighteenth Century: Chapters in the Social History of the Times, Volume 1'']. Ward & Downey. p. 307. "Read, an impudent quack who practised by the light of nature in the city of Oxford, was one of those who were thus honoured, and as the queen experienced, or rather imagined she had experienced,' relief from his operations, she not only knighted him, but appointed him court oculist, an appointment which he enjoyed under her successor till his death, which occurred at Rochester on May 24, 1715."</ref> Malkia Anne, ambaye alikuwa anasumbuliwa na macho dhaifu ameelezewa kama "mwathirika wa asili wa matabibu ya uwongo".<ref>Anonymous. (1911). ''Some Notable Quacks''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2630): 1264-1274</ref> Read alijitangaza kama "Mtaalamu wa Macho wa Malkia".<ref name="Rutson"/> Shairi la mwaka 1705 kwa heshima ya Read, "The Oculist" linaloonekana katika mfumo wa jarida, limehifadhiwa katika makumbusho ya uingereza na maktaba ya Royal Society of Medicine.<ref name="Rutson"/> Mnamo 1706, Read aliandika kazi kubwa ''A Short But Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes''. Miaka mingi baadaye mnamo 1932, mtaalamu wa macho Arnold Sorsby aligundua kuwa sehemu ya kitabu hicho ilikuwa imeibiwa (plagiarized) kutoka kwa kitabu cha Richard Banister ''A Treatise of One Hundred and Thirteene Diseases of the Eyes, and Eye-liddes''.<ref name= "Albert">Albert, Daniel M; Henkind, Paul. (1994). ''Men of Vision: Lives of Notable Figures in Ophthalmology''. Saunders. pp. 33-37. {{ISBN|978-0721645124}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa George I wa uingereza mnamo 1714.<ref name= "Albert"/> Read alifariki huko Rochester tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[1715]], na amezikwa katika Kanisa la St Nicholas.<ref name="Rutson"/> == Chapisho == *''A Short but Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes'' (1706) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1648]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1715]] tgrwoztf323w2w4xpo1ra1mul63nsxd 1611549 1611535 2026-10-27T09:43:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[William Read (oculist)]] hadi [[William Read (daktari wa macho)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Read''' (1648 – [[24 Mei]] [[1715]]) alikuwa tabibu wa uwongo (quack) asiye na sifa rasmi wa Uingereza ambaye alitoa madai ya uongo ya kimatibabu, alijitambulisha kama mtaalamu wa macho (oculist) na akapewa ufaulu wa kupewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne wa [[uingereza]] kwa huduma zake za kimatibabu. == Kazi == Read alizaliwa huko [[Aberdeen]]. Alikuwa mtoto wa mshonaji viatu na awali alifanya kazi kama mshonaji nguo. Alikuwa asiyejua kusoma wala kuandika.<ref>Anonymous. (1907). ''Some Quacks Of Bygone Days''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2404): 222.</ref><ref name="Rutson">James, R. Rutson. (2013 edition). ''Studies in the History of Ophthalmology in England Prior to 1800''. Cambridge University Press. p. 122-126. {{ISBN|978-1107625495}}</ref> Alifanya kazi ya utabibu wa macho (ophthalmology) Kaskazini na Magharibi mwa Uingereza kwa miaka mingi, na kufikia 1694, alikaa katika Majengo ya York huko Strand, London.<ref>Coleman, Vernon. (1998). ''The Story of Medicine''. European Medical Journal. p. 108. {{ISBN|978-1898947646}} "One of the most successful of the many relatively sophisticated quacks to make their fortunes in the eighteenth century was Sir William Read, a tailor, who set up in the Strand in London as an eye specialist in 1694 and who even managed to number Queen Anne among his patients. Read was knighted by Queen Anne and later became oculist to George I."</ref> Alijulikana kwa matangazo yake ya utapeli(charlatan); kwa mfano, alidai katika jarida la ''Tatler'' kwamba "alikuwa amefanya kazi kwa miaka mia tatu na tano katika upasuaji wa mtoto wa jicho, kuondoa aina zote za uvimbe, kutibu shingo zilizopinda na mdomo wa sungura bila kuacha alama. Mnamo 1705, Read aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa Malkia Anne wa uingereza. Tarehe [[27 Julai]], Read alipewa cheo cha knight na Malkia Anne kwa huduma zake.<ref name="Rutson"/><ref>Sydney, William Connor. (1891). [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044090368747;view=1up;seq=323 ''England and the English in the Eighteenth Century: Chapters in the Social History of the Times, Volume 1'']. Ward & Downey. p. 307. "Read, an impudent quack who practised by the light of nature in the city of Oxford, was one of those who were thus honoured, and as the queen experienced, or rather imagined she had experienced,' relief from his operations, she not only knighted him, but appointed him court oculist, an appointment which he enjoyed under her successor till his death, which occurred at Rochester on May 24, 1715."</ref> Malkia Anne, ambaye alikuwa anasumbuliwa na macho dhaifu ameelezewa kama "mwathirika wa asili wa matabibu ya uwongo".<ref>Anonymous. (1911). ''Some Notable Quacks''. ''British Medical Journal'' 1 (2630): 1264-1274</ref> Read alijitangaza kama "Mtaalamu wa Macho wa Malkia".<ref name="Rutson"/> Shairi la mwaka 1705 kwa heshima ya Read, "The Oculist" linaloonekana katika mfumo wa jarida, limehifadhiwa katika makumbusho ya uingereza na maktaba ya Royal Society of Medicine.<ref name="Rutson"/> Mnamo 1706, Read aliandika kazi kubwa ''A Short But Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes''. Miaka mingi baadaye mnamo 1932, mtaalamu wa macho Arnold Sorsby aligundua kuwa sehemu ya kitabu hicho ilikuwa imeibiwa (plagiarized) kutoka kwa kitabu cha Richard Banister ''A Treatise of One Hundred and Thirteene Diseases of the Eyes, and Eye-liddes''.<ref name= "Albert">Albert, Daniel M; Henkind, Paul. (1994). ''Men of Vision: Lives of Notable Figures in Ophthalmology''. Saunders. pp. 33-37. {{ISBN|978-0721645124}}</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho wa George I wa uingereza mnamo 1714.<ref name= "Albert"/> Read alifariki huko Rochester tarehe [[24 Mei]] [[1715]], na amezikwa katika Kanisa la St Nicholas.<ref name="Rutson"/> == Chapisho == *''A Short but Exact Account of All the Diseases Incident to the Eyes'' (1706) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1648]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1715]] tgrwoztf323w2w4xpo1ra1mul63nsxd 0 256189 1611534 2026-10-27T09:12:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Giulia Michelini.jpg|thumb|Giulia Michelini]] '''Giulia Michelini''' (alizaliwa [[2 Juni]] [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Italia]]. == Kazi yake == Michelini alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji mwaka [[2002]] katika msimu wa tatu wa mfululizo wa [[tamthilia]] ya ''polisi Distretto di Polizia'', iliyoonyeshwa na kituo cha [[televisheni]] cha Canale 5 cha kampuni ya Mediaset. Mwaka [[2003]], aliigiza katika [[filamu]] yake ya kwanza, ''Remember Me, My Love'', iliyoongozwa na Gabriele Muccino. Kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] hadi [[2016]], aliigiza nafasi ya Rosy Abate, kiongozi wa Mafia, katika mfululizo wa televisheni ''Squadra antimafia – Palermo oggi.'' Mwaka [[2017]], aliigiza katika mfululizo ulioendeleza hadithi ya mhusika huyo, ulioitwa Rosy Abate – La serie.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1323665/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} m0x72hzfcqmv900dpr01l2hhnf2snej 0 256190 1611536 2026-10-27T09:22:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Barbora Bobulova 2011-01.jpg|thumb|Barbora Bobulova]] '''Barbora Bobuľová''' (matamshi ya Kislovakia: [ˈbarbɔra ˈbɔbuʎɔʋaː]; alizaliwa [[29 Aprili]] [[1974]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Slovakia]] na uraia wa [[Italia]]. Tangu mwaka [[1995]], amekuwa akiishi na kufanya kazi hasa nchini Italia. == Maisha na kazi == Alipata mafunzo ya uigizaji katika Chuo cha Sanaa za Maonyesho mjini [[Bratislava]] kabla ya kuhamia Italia mwaka 1995. Alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] yake ya kwanza, ''The Prince von Homburg'', iliyotengenezwa nchini Italia na kuchaguliwa kuiwakilisha Italia katika Tamasha la Filamu la ''Cannes'' la mwaka [[1997]]. Kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya mwaka [[2005]], ''Sacred Heart'', alishinda [[tuzo]] za Mwigizaji Bora katika tuzo za ''David di Donatello'' na ''Ciak d'oro'', pamoja na Tuzo ya Hadhira ya Mwigizaji Bora katika Tamasha la Filamu la ''Flaiano'' lililofanyika Pescara.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0090469/</ref><ref>https://www.ilpiccolo.it/cultura-e-spettacoli/barbora-bobulova-ospite-a-shorts-a-trieste-mi-sento-a-casa-kw4ke1ms</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} iulqe4w7q2aagl7xu9efs2fallid2vx 0 256191 1611539 2026-10-27T09:29:15Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Licia Maglietta.jpg|thumb|Licia Maglietta]] '''Licia Maglietta''' (alizaliwa [[16 Novemba]] [[1954]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mkurugenzi wa maigizo ya jukwaani kutoka [[Italia]], anajulikana kwa kazi zake na mkurugenzi wa filamu wa Italia, Silvio Soldini. Ushirikiano wao unajumuisha filamu za mapenzi ''Bread and Tulips'' ([[2000]]), ambayo Maglietta alishinda [[tuzo]] kadhaa kwa uigizaji wake, na ''Agata and the Storm'' ([[2004]]). Mwaka [[2002]], alishinda tuzo yake ya pili ya ''Italian'' ''Golden Globe'' kutokana na filamu ya ''drama'' kuhusu Mafia, ''Red Moon''. == Mwanzo wa kazi yake == Baadae alisomea maigizo ya jukwaani, dansi na usanifu wa majengo. Mwaka [[1981]], alijiunga na kikundi cha maigizo ya jukwaani cha ''avant-garde'' kilichoitwa ''Falso Movimento'', ambacho baadae kilibadilishwa jina na kuitwa ''Teatri Uniti.'' Huko alifanya kazi na mkurugenzi Mario Martone. Pia alifanya kazi mara kadhaa katika kikundi cha maigizo pamoja na mwigizaji Carlo Cecchi, na akaongoza michezo kadhaa ya jukwaani.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0536134/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} a8kpq9vm1sxqa68a0fz6rood96ytp86 0 256192 1611541 2026-10-27T09:31:17Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abraham wa [[Aragon]]''' alikuwa daktari Myahudi jikita zaidi katika magonjwa ya macho ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi katikati ya karne ya kumi na tatu BK. Muda mfupi baada ya Baraza la Béziers mnamo 1246 kupiga marufuku madaktari Wayahudi kufanya kazi ya utabibu, Abraham aliombwa na Alphonse Capet, mkuu wa Poitou na Toulouse, na ndugu wa Louis IX wa Ufaransa, ili kumtibu kwa ajili ya maambukizi kwenye jicho. Mkuu huyo mwanzoni aliomba msaada wa Abraha...' 1611541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abraham wa [[Aragon]]''' alikuwa daktari Myahudi jikita zaidi katika magonjwa ya macho ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi katikati ya karne ya kumi na tatu BK. Muda mfupi baada ya Baraza la Béziers mnamo 1246 kupiga marufuku madaktari Wayahudi kufanya kazi ya utabibu, Abraham aliombwa na Alphonse Capet, mkuu wa Poitou na Toulouse, na ndugu wa Louis IX wa Ufaransa, ili kumtibu kwa ajili ya maambukizi kwenye jicho. Mkuu huyo mwanzoni aliomba msaada wa Abraham bila mafanikio; kwani yeye, akiwa mtu mwenye nafsi huru, alishikilia kwa uthabiti maoni kwamba hata ndugu wa mfalme hakuwa huru kutibiwa naye kutokana na amri ya baraza. Baada ya bwana mkubwa wa Lunel, kwa msaada wa wakala wake Myahudi, alimsihi Abraham kwa mfululizo ndipo mwishowe alikubali kumponya mkuu huyo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} 7nc1mjtpbljlad2ulpyp61rcivln67r 1611552 1611541 2026-10-27T09:44:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abraham of Aragon]] hadi [[Abrahamu wa Aragona]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abraham wa [[Aragon]]''' alikuwa daktari Myahudi jikita zaidi katika magonjwa ya macho ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi katikati ya karne ya kumi na tatu BK. Muda mfupi baada ya Baraza la Béziers mnamo 1246 kupiga marufuku madaktari Wayahudi kufanya kazi ya utabibu, Abraham aliombwa na Alphonse Capet, mkuu wa Poitou na Toulouse, na ndugu wa Louis IX wa Ufaransa, ili kumtibu kwa ajili ya maambukizi kwenye jicho. Mkuu huyo mwanzoni aliomba msaada wa Abraham bila mafanikio; kwani yeye, akiwa mtu mwenye nafsi huru, alishikilia kwa uthabiti maoni kwamba hata ndugu wa mfalme hakuwa huru kutibiwa naye kutokana na amri ya baraza. Baada ya bwana mkubwa wa Lunel, kwa msaada wa wakala wake Myahudi, alimsihi Abraham kwa mfululizo ndipo mwishowe alikubali kumponya mkuu huyo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} 7nc1mjtpbljlad2ulpyp61rcivln67r 1611556 1611552 2026-10-27T09:47:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abrahamu wa Aragona''' alikuwa [[daktari]] [[Wayahudi|Myahudi]] aliyejikita zaidi katika magonjwa ya macho ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi katikati ya [[karne ya 13]] [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]]. Muda mfupi baada ya Baraza la Béziers mnamo 1246 kupiga marufuku madaktari Wayahudi kufanya kazi ya utabibu, Abraham aliombwa na Alphonse Capet, mkuu wa Poitou na Toulouse, na ndugu wa mfalme [[Ludoviko IX]] wa [[Ufaransa]], ili kumtibu kwa ajili ya maambukizi kwenye jicho. Mkuu huyo mwanzoni aliomba msaada wa Abrahamu bila mafanikio; kwani yeye, akiwa mtu mwenye nafsi huru, alishikilia kwa uthabiti maoni kwamba hata ndugu wa mfalme hakuwa huru kutibiwa naye kutokana na amri ya baraza. Baada ya bwana mkubwa wa Lunel, kwa msaada wa wakala wake Myahudi, alimsihi Abrahamu kwa mfululizo ndipo mwishowe alikubali kumponya mkuu huyo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wayahudi]] [[Jamii:madaktari]] sast8z9svvjdwcrzjc9mv3hio6dz35s 0 256193 1611544 2026-10-27T09:39:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611544 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viveka Babajee''' ([[27 Mei]] [[1973]] – [[25 Juni]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa mataji ya mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Mauritius]]. Alishinda mataji ya ''Miss Mauritius World'' mwaka 1993 na ''Miss Mauritius Universe'' mwaka 1994. Alijulikana zaidi kupitia matangazo ya kondomu za KamaSutra katika miaka ya 1990, pamoja na kuhusika kwake katika kashfa ya Tamasha la Filamu la ''Manila la'' mwaka 1994. Tarehe 25 Juni 2010, Babajee alipatikana akiwa amejinyonga kwa kutumia feni ya dari katika makazi yake ya Bandra, mjini Mumbai. Kwa mujibu wa taarifa za polisi, alifariki kwa kujiua kutokana na msongo wa mawazo. == Maisha ya awali == Babajee alikuwa wa mwisho kati ya dada wanne. Alizaliwa Port Louis, Mauritius, tarehe 27 Mei 1973. Mama yake alikuwa wa jamii ya Maharashtrian na alizaliwa Hyderabad, [[India]]. Babajee alihamia India katikati ya miaka ya 1990.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1163179/</ref><ref>https://www.ndtv.com/mumbai-news/who-wrote-viveka-babajees-suicide-letter-478683</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Mauritius]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 8xbr3dzz96v4mf1kit0wz1633a8brn1 0 256194 1611548 2026-10-27T09:42:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Roger Grant (oculist)]] hadi [[Roger Grant (daktari wa macho)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611548 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Roger Grant (daktari wa macho)]] h8vbwug7vtrwoc54th5cy2taaaa5wwj 0 256195 1611550 2026-10-27T09:43:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[William Read (oculist)]] hadi [[William Read (daktari wa macho)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611550 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[William Read (daktari wa macho)]] ajuyb888bnlsho2b6dpq4l1rn80bhii 0 256196 1611551 2026-10-27T09:44:27Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Baty''' (alifariki 1758) alikuwa mtaalamu wa theolojia na mchungaji Mwingereza wa Kanisa la Anglikana. == Maisha == Baty alizaliwa huko Arthuret, Cumberland, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Glasgow, ambapo alipokea shahada ya uzamili ya M.A. mnamo 1725. Kwa miaka saba kuanzia tarehe hiyo alikuwa kasisi wa Kirkandrew-upon-Esk, katika nchi yake ya asili, na mnamo 1732 aliteuliwa na mmiliki wa eneo hilo, Viscount Preston, kuwa mkuu wa parokia hiy...' 1611551 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Baty''' (alifariki 1758) alikuwa mtaalamu wa theolojia na mchungaji Mwingereza wa Kanisa la Anglikana. == Maisha == Baty alizaliwa huko Arthuret, Cumberland, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Glasgow, ambapo alipokea shahada ya uzamili ya M.A. mnamo 1725. Kwa miaka saba kuanzia tarehe hiyo alikuwa kasisi wa Kirkandrew-upon-Esk, katika nchi yake ya asili, na mnamo 1732 aliteuliwa na mmiliki wa eneo hilo, Viscount Preston, kuwa mkuu wa parokia hiyo. Baty alijijengea nyumba ya parokia kwa gharama zake mwenyewe, na kwa ajili ya matumizi ya waumini wake alitoa huduma ya kivuko kwa mara ya kwanza kuvuka Mto Esk, uliopita katikati ya mji huo, na ambao haukuwa na daraja lolote. Alisisitiza umuhimu wa elimu na alihimiza ujenzi wa jengo la shule katika eneo hilo. Tabia yake ya uchangamfu ilimfanya apendwe na tabaka zote za majirani zake, mabwana na watawala wa pande zote mbili za mpaka; lakini baadhi waliona alikuwa mkarimu kupita kiasi katika ukarimu wake. Alisoma kuhusu jicho na magonjwa yake, na alikuwa na sifa za hapa na pale kama mtaalamu stadi wa macho (oculist). Alifariki mnamo 1758. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1758]] oxt2od2vwji81s35eu8hhn3uw43j79t 1611565 1611551 2026-10-27T09:49:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Baty''' (alifariki [[1758]]) alikuwa [[mwanatheolojia]] na mchungaji Mwingereza wa Kanisa la [[Anglikana]]. == Maisha == Baty alizaliwa huko Arthuret, Cumberland, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Glasgow, ambapo alipokea shahada ya uzamili ya M.A. mnamo 1725. Kwa miaka saba kuanzia tarehe hiyo alikuwa kasisi wa Kirkandrew-upon-Esk, katika nchi yake ya asili, na mnamo 1732 aliteuliwa na mmiliki wa eneo hilo, Viscount Preston, kuwa mkuu wa parokia hiyo. Baty alijijengea nyumba ya parokia kwa gharama zake mwenyewe, na kwa ajili ya matumizi ya waumini wake alitoa huduma ya kivuko kwa mara ya kwanza kuvuka Mto Esk, uliopita katikati ya mji huo, na ambao haukuwa na daraja lolote. Alisisitiza umuhimu wa elimu na alihimiza ujenzi wa jengo la shule katika eneo hilo. Tabia yake ya uchangamfu ilimfanya apendwe na tabaka zote za majirani zake, mabwana na watawala wa pande zote mbili za mpaka; lakini baadhi waliona alikuwa mkarimu kupita kiasi katika ukarimu wake. Alisoma kuhusu jicho na magonjwa yake, na alikuwa na sifa za hapa na pale kama mtaalamu stadi wa macho (oculist). Alifariki mnamo 1758. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1758]] [[Jamii:wanateolojia wa Uingereza]] 94g9w8wusqbtcyuqc2acna7xlpar9bu 0 256197 1611553 2026-10-27T09:44:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Abraham of Aragon]] hadi [[Abrahamu wa Aragona]]: jina la Kiswahili 1611553 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Abrahamu wa Aragona]] 4psjp6gejjs4lxxhyg4fkjgedio7m6l 0 256198 1611555 2026-10-27T09:46:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatima Abdel Mahmoud''' ([[27 Julai]] [[1944]], [[Omdurman]], [[Sudan]] – [[22 Julai]] [[2018]], [[London]], [[Uingereza]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Sudan na kiongozi wa Muungano wa Kidemokrasia wa Kisoshalisti wa Sudan. Mwaka [[1973]], alikuwa miongoni mwa [[wanawake]] wa kwanza kushika nyadhifa za kisiasa nchini Sudan. Pia alishiriki katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Sudan wa [[Aprili]] [[2010]] akiwa mgombea wa kwanza mwanamke kugombea urais nchini humo. == Kazi yake bungeni == Katika miaka ya [[1960]], alisomea [[Daktari|udaktari]] mjini [[Moscow]], [[Urusi]], na kuhitimu kama daktari bingwa wa watoto. Mwaka [[1973]], aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Vijana, Michezo na Masuala ya Kijamii.<ref>https://www.smolec.pl/kobiety/fatima_ahmed.htm</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180726040622/http://radiotamazuj.org/en/news/article/fatima-sudan-s-first-female-presidential-candidate-dies-at-74</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 1xpixjoo3d8ivsd4k1yftz2wxfgrain 3 256199 1611557 2026-10-27T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611557 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) spcby2d0533k61ymuh8tqzhu97nujzx 3 256200 1611558 2026-10-27T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611558 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) spcby2d0533k61ymuh8tqzhu97nujzx 3 256201 1611559 2026-10-27T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611559 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) spcby2d0533k61ymuh8tqzhu97nujzx 3 256202 1611560 2026-10-27T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611560 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) spcby2d0533k61ymuh8tqzhu97nujzx 3 256203 1611561 2026-10-27T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611561 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) spcby2d0533k61ymuh8tqzhu97nujzx 3 256204 1611562 2026-10-27T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611562 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256205 1611563 2026-10-27T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611563 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256206 1611564 2026-10-27T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611564 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256207 1611566 2026-10-27T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611566 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256208 1611567 2026-10-27T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611567 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256209 1611568 2026-10-27T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611568 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 60saa3egpg81z6mu5ywa973na30u7a1 3 256210 1611569 2026-10-27T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611569 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256211 1611570 2026-10-27T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611570 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256212 1611571 2026-10-27T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611571 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256213 1611572 2026-10-27T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611572 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256214 1611573 2026-10-27T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611573 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256215 1611574 2026-10-27T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611574 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) a7vitv1h2a79d7ozcohulqs1z44jovg 3 256216 1611575 2026-10-27T09:51:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611575 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 8ny7g14kwgn06622pc1citx8im98esv 3 256217 1611576 2026-10-27T09:51:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611576 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 8ny7g14kwgn06622pc1citx8im98esv 3 256218 1611577 2026-10-27T09:51:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611577 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 8ny7g14kwgn06622pc1citx8im98esv 3 256219 1611578 2026-10-27T09:51:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1611578 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 27 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 8ny7g14kwgn06622pc1citx8im98esv 0 256220 1611579 2026-10-27T09:56:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Asmae lmanawar Studio Shot 2025.jp.png|thumb|Asmae lmanawar]] '''Asma Lamnawar''' (kwa Kiarabu: أسماء لمنور; alizaliwa [[25 Julai]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na mwigizaji kutoka [[Moroko]]. == Kazi yake == Alianza kuimba mwaka [[1995]] kupitia tamasha la ''Angham'', lililoandaliwa na [[Redio]] na [[Televisheni]] ya Moroko, ambapo alishinda [[tuzo]] ya uimbaji bora. Hata hivyo, alisubiri hadi mwaka [[2002]] kabla ya kuanza rasmi kazi yake ya muziki. Ameimba na kurekodi nyimbo kwa ajili ya vipindi vya televisheni na filamu za Moroko. Pia alifanya ziara za muziki pamoja na kundi la ''Oriental Mood'' nchini [[Denmark]], [[Uswidi]] na hasa [[Misri]]. == Orodha ya kazi zake za muziki == === Nyimbo zilizotolewa kama singo === * ''Lytima'' (2017) * ''Ha 7na Jina'' ([[2017]]) * ''Hayna'' ([[2020]]) * ''Omri Wi Shouqi'' ([[2021]]) * ''Ya Aghla Men Nafsi'' (2021) * ''Ydirha Lhob'' (2021) * ''We9tach'' (2021) * ''Ana Low'' (2021) * ''Mowarey'' ([[2022]]) <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7746102/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100619003005/http://www.rotana.net/Music/Artist.aspx?ID=1507&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Moroko]] tottkeo2ms6p3otmqmvvrag6y2be0rx 0 256221 1611581 2026-10-27T10:07:43Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Amanda Ebeye in Indecent Lover on IrokoTV.png|thumb|Amanda Ebeye]] '''Amanda Mike-Ebeye''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1986]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Nigeria]] na [[mwanamitindo]] anayefanya kazi hiyo kwa muda wa ziada. Anajulikana kwa nafasi zake katika vipindi vya [[televisheni]] vya ''Clinic Matters na Super Story.'' == Kazi yake == Alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] ya Weeping Tiger mwaka [[2008]]. Katika mahojiano ya mwaka [[2013]] yaliyochapishwa na ''Information Nigeria'', Ebeye alifichua kuwa akiwa mwigizaji wa kitaalamu, anaweza kuigiza akiwa bila nguo kwenye seti ya filamu kwa malipo ya dola milioni 50. == Maisha binafsi == Ebeye anatoka katika kabila la Agbor, katika [[Jimbo la Delta]]. Alihitimu masomo ya Uhusiano wa Kimataifa na Diplomasia katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''Benson Idahosa''. Mwaka [[2016]], alijifungua mtoto wa kiume nchini [[Kanada|Canada]]. == Filamu alizoigiza == * ''Finding Odera'' ([[2023]]) – Odera * ''Seeking Solace'' ([[2022]]) – Alice Omotola * ''The Other Side'' ([[2021]]) – Teni * ''It's a Crazy World'' (mfululizo wa televisheni, [[2020]]) – Melekwe * ''Inbred'' ([[2018]]) – Calista * ''It's Her Day'' ([[2016]]) – Nancy * ''Tongue'' ([[2014]]) – Florence <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3535010/</ref><ref>https://dailypost.ng/2021/07/23/if-i-pay-you-tithe-youre-accountable-to-me-actress-amanda-ebeye-tells-pastors/</ref><ref>https://www.informationng.com/2013/08/for-50-million-i-can-act-unclothed-actress-amanda-ebeye-reveals.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} eq2t9dl7lq3uve9cd4j2ugdgj0xspst 0 256222 1611584 2026-10-27T10:14:22Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kahhal''' (aliishi karibu na 1010 BK), aliyeitwa "mtaalamu wa macho" (''al-kahhal'') alikuwa tabibu bingwa wa macho wa Kiarabu anayejulikana na kuheshimiwa sana katika Kipindi cha Dhahabu cha Uislamu.<ref>{{cite web|last1=E.|first1=Mittwoch|title=ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā|date=24 April 2012 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ali-b-isa-SIM_0513|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Griffin|first1...' 1611584 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Kahhal''' (aliishi karibu na 1010 BK), aliyeitwa "mtaalamu wa macho" (''al-kahhal'') alikuwa tabibu bingwa wa macho wa Kiarabu anayejulikana na kuheshimiwa sana katika Kipindi cha Dhahabu cha Uislamu.<ref>{{cite web|last1=E.|first1=Mittwoch|title=ʿAlī b. ʿĪsā|date=24 April 2012 |url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2/ali-b-isa-SIM_0513|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Griffin|first1=Rosarii|title=Education in the Muslim World: different perspectives|date=2006|publisher=Symposium Books Ltd|isbn=9781873927557|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=92ptCQAAQBAJ&q=%22Ali+ibn+Isa+%22&pg=PA30|language=en}}</ref> Alijulikana katika Ulaya ya kati kama Jesu Oculist, ambalo ni tafsiri ya Kiyahudi au ya Kilatini ya jina lake. Alikuwa mwandishi wa kitabu chenye ushawishi mkubwa cha ''Tadhkirat al-kahhalin'',<ref name="routledge">{{cite book|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Islamic Civilization (2006)|year=2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=2|isbn=9781351668132|chapter=Ophthalmology|editor=Josef Meri}}</ref> ambacho wakati mwingine hutafsiriwa kama ''Memorandum of the Oculists'', kitabu cha kina zaidi cha Kiarabu kuhusu magonjwa ya macho kilichoendelea kutoka enzi hizo. Kazi hiyo ilitokana na maandishi ya Hunayn ibn Ishaq, [[Galen]], na waandishi wengine wa awali na ilielezea kwa undani anatomia na magonjwa ya jicho, pamoja na matibabu na tiba kwa ajili ya magonjwa hayo.<ref name="routledge" /> Ibn 'Isa pia aliweka vielelezo michoro vya anatomia ya jicho ndani ya kazi hiyo.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lin | first1 = Daren | year = 2008 | title = A Foundation of Western Ophthalmology in Medieval Islamic Medicine | url = http://www.uwomeds.com/uwomj/V78n1/A%20Foundation%20of%20Western%20Ophthalmology%20in%20Medieval%20Islamic%20Medicine.pdf | journal = UWOMJ | volume = 78 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–45 | access-date = 2011-06-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110717181439/http://www.uwomeds.com/uwomj/V78n1/A%20Foundation%20of%20Western%20Ophthalmology%20in%20Medieval%20Islamic%20Medicine.pdf | archive-date = 2011-07-17 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Kitabu hicho kilikuwa mwongozo mkuu wa fani ya magonjwa ya macho katika wakati wake. Ibn 'Isa alielezea na kupendekeza matibabu kwa ajili ya magonjwa mbalimbali ya macho. Alikuwa wa kwanza kuelezea dalili za Ugonjwa wa Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada.Ibn 'Isa aliainisha machozi kupita kiasi (epiphora) kama matokeo ya uchomaji uliokithiri wa pterygium, na alipendekeza matibabu ya epiphora kulingana na hatua ya ugonjwa huo – yaani matibabu katika hatua za mwanzo kwa kutumia vitu vyenye ukali kama vile chumvi ya amonia, shaba iliyoungua, na upasuaji wa ndoano kwa hatua sugu za epiphora. Upasuaji mwingine pia ulielezwa katika kitabu hicho. Huenda alirekodi kisa cha uvimbe wa mishipa ya damu ya kichwa (temporal arteritis) katika kitabu chake cha ''Tadhkirat''.<ref>{{cite journal | first1 = RT | last1 = Ross| title = From the Tadhkirat of Ali ibn Isa of Baghdad (c. 940-1010 AD) an ancient description of what may be temporal arteritis | journal = Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry| year = 1988 | volume = 51| issue = 4 | pages = 528}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} 2cibjd09061xss9f69t980up1quj3nk 0 256223 1611585 2026-10-27T10:16:50Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611585 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hanna Serwaa Tetteh (cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Hanna Serwaa Tetteh]] '''Hanna Serwaa Tetteh''' (alizaliwa [[31 Mei]] [[1967]]) ni wakili, [[mwanadiplomasia]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Ghana]]. Tangu mwaka [[2025]], amekuwa Mwakilishi Maalumu wa Katibu Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa nchini [[Libya]] na Mkuu wa Ujumbe wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Kusaidia Libya (UNSMIL). Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, Tetteh alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la Ghana kama [[Waziri]] wa Biashara na [[Viwanda]] kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] hadi [[2013]], na baadae kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje kuanzia mwaka 2013 hadi [[2017]]. Pia aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa jimbo la ''Awutu-Senya West''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Tetteh alizaliwa mjini Szeged, nchini [[Hungaria|Hungary]], akiwa na baba kutoka Ghana na mama kutoka Hungary. Alisoma elimu ya sekondari katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Wesley, iliyoko ''Cape Coast'', katika Mkoa wa Kati wa Ghana, kuanzia mwaka [[1978]] hadi [[1985]].<ref>https://www.citinewsroom.com/2018/07/hanna-tetteh-appointed-un-director-general-in-nairobi/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Hannah-Tetteh-1169</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} rhp9tzgjevqdhmszicmmj7g3cags4c1 0 256224 1611586 2026-10-27T10:24:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611586 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Patricia Akwashiki.jpg|thumb|Patricia Akwashiki]] '''Patricia Naomi Akwashiki''' (alizaliwa [[2 Novemba]] [[1953]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]] aliewahi kuhudumu kama seneta akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Nasarawa North katika Seneti ya Nigeria kuanzia mwaka [[2007]] hadi [[2011]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha ''People's Democratic Party (PDP''). Akwashiki alipata shahada ya kwanza ya Elimu katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Ahmadu Bello, kilichoko Zaria, mwaka [[1982]]. Baadae aliingia katika sekta ya benki na kufikia cheo cha meneja mkuu. Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Tano la Baraza la Wawakilishi kuanzia mwaka [[2003]] hadi [[2007]] kupitia Chama cha ''People's Democratic Party (PDP)''. Alishindwa kupata uteuzi wa PDP ili kugombea muhula wa pili, hivyo akahamia Chama cha ''All Nigeria Peoples Party'' (''ANPP''). Kupitia chama hicho, alishinda uchaguzi wa mwaka 2007 na kuwa seneta wa Nasarawa North.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200904280618.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201001250926.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 01n27zkpoxl0c15he5hvktekibrorw7 0 256225 1611588 2026-10-27T10:34:16Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611588 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackie Sawiris''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwandishi]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] mwenye asili ya [[Jordan]] na [[Misri]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza jini wa Kiarabu anayeitwa ''Majida'' katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha ''Knightmare'' kuanzia mwaka [[1993]] hadi [[1994]]. Pia alijulikana kwa kuigiza Roz katika filamu ya ''Eyes Wide Shut'' ([[1999]]). == Kazi ya uigizaji == Jukumu lake katika Knightmare lilikuwa hatua muhimu katika kazi yake ya uigizaji. Alishiriki katika kipindi hicho kwa miaka miwili hadi kilipomalizika mwaka 1994. Alichukua nafasi ya mwigizaji David Learner, aliyeigiza ''Pickle'', kiumbe wa msituni aina ya elf. Jukumu lake katika kipindi hicho lilikuwa kuongeza [[vichekesho]]. Majida mara nyingi aliwaita wapiganaji waliokuwa wakichunguza magereza na mapango ndani yake mwenyewe. Katika kipindi cha kwanza cha msimu wa saba, alibadilisha Kofia ya Haki ya awali iliyokuwa na pembe na kuweka nyingine mpya iliyokuwa na kinga ya uso. Jambo hilo lilimkera sana Treguard, aliyeigizwa na Hugo Myatt. Baadhi ya kazi zake nyingine katika filamu na vipindi vya televisheni ni pamoja na ''45 Minutes to Ramallah (''[[2013]]''), Incendies (''[[2010]]''), 10 Days to War (''[[2008]]''), The Bill (''[[1998]]''), The Big Swap (''[[1998]]''),'' na ''vipindi vinne vya Emmerdale mwaka'' 1998''.'' Pia alihusika katika mchezo wa video ''Krazy Ivan (''[[1995]]'')'' na filamu ''Death Machine (''1994'').''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0768113/</ref><ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/jackie_sawiris</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Misri]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} pt98cjs0goc7n908qvvqlhcufmij9rn 0 256226 1611591 2026-10-27T10:41:27Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611591 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joy Ifeyinwa Emodi CON''' (alizaliwa [[23 Mei]] [[1955]]) ni mtaalamu wa elimu, [[wakili]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta wa jimbo la uchaguzi la ''Anambra North'', katika [[Jimbo la Anambra]], Nigeria, kupitia uamuzi wa mahakama baada ya matokeo ya uchaguzi wa Emmanuel Anosike kufutwa. Alianza rasmi kuhudumu tarehe [[20 Februari]] [[2005]]. Alichaguliwa tena mwaka [[2007]], lakini uchaguzi wake wa pili ulipingwa na Alphonsus Obi Igbeke, mgombea wa Chama cha ''All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP''). Baada ya kusikilizwa kwa muda mrefu kwa kesi hiyo, Igbeke alitangazwa mshindi tarehe [[25 Machi]] [[2010]]. Anajulikana kwa kutetea mageuzi ya elimu, kuongeza ufadhili wa shule na kuhimiza usawa wa kijinsia katika uongozi. Yeye ndiye [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza mwenye asili ya Igbo kuchaguliwa kuwa seneta katika Seneti ya Nigeria. Pia ndie mwanzilishi wa Shule ya ''Brickhall'' iliyoko [[Abuja]].<ref>https://biography.igbopeople.org/biography/joy-emodi/</ref><ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/03/emordi-inec-releases-certificate-of-return-to-igbeke-anpp-candidate/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} p25vzr3aue4aozv6ut2ng4usr5yn22c 0 256227 1611592 2026-10-27T10:48:45Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611592 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eme Ufot Ekaette''' (alizaliwa [[1945]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]] kutoka Nduo Eduo-Eket, katika [[Jimbo la Akwa Ibom]]. Ameolewa na Obong Joseph Ufot-Ekaette tangu mwaka [[1971]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alipata elimu yake ya msingi katika Shule ya ''Banham Memorial'', mjini [[Port Harcourt]], kuanzia mwaka [[1952]] hadi [[1958]]. Aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo cha ''Queen's, Lagos'', kuanzia mwaka 1958 hadi [[1963]], na katika Shule ya ''Queen's, Enugu'', kuanzia mwaka [[1964]] hadi [[1966]]. Mwaka [[1970]], Ekaette alipata shahada ya kwanza ya Famasia yenye heshima katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''Obafemi Awolowo'', kilichoko Ife. == Taaluma na maisha binafsi == Ekaette ni mfamasia, [[mfanyabiashara]] na aliyewahi kuwa [[mbunge]]. Ana asili ya kabila la Igbo na anajitambulisha kama [[Mkristo]].<ref>https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ekaette-lady-erne-ufot-nee-ekwo/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183322/http://ndn.nigeriadailynews.com/templates/?a=28818</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} p8hymeig48wmfrjp23hs41sr1vutqyx 0 256228 1611594 2026-10-27T10:53:08Z Jonny Frosty 49734 Kuanzisha Makala 1611594 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lázaro Peña González''' ([[1991]] - [[Machi]] [[1974]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa [[wafanyakazi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa vyama vya [[wafanyakazi]] nchini [[Cuba]]. Alikua mwanachama hai wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Cuba (PCC) na alikamatwa kwa sababu za harakati zake za kutetea wafanyakazi na kujihusisha na siasa kabla ya Mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]]. == '''Wasifu''' == Lázaro Peña alizaliwa mnamo mwaka [[1911]] katika mtaa wa Los Sitios, Havana, [[Cuba]]. Baba yake hakuwahi kumaliza shule na aliamua kufanya kazi mbalimbali kama vile [[useremala]] , kulima [[tumbaku]] na kuchambua majani ya [[tumbaku]]. Pena naye alianza kufanya kazi akiwa na umri mdogo.<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class </ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 alijiunga na Chama cha Kikomunisti cha [[Cuba]](PCC), na baada ya miaka kadhaa alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama hicho. Mnamo mwaka [[1934]], alichaguliwa kuwa katibu mkuu wa chama cha wafanyakazi wa [[Tumbaku]].<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class</ref> Akiwa ni mwanachama wa Shirikisho la Kitaifa la Wafanyakazi wa Cuba (CNOC), mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1933]] alishiriki katika mgomo uliosababisha kuanguka kwa utawala wa kidikteta wa Gerardo Machado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Los trabajadores azucareros de Cuba fueron clave para la revolución|url=https://jacobinlat.com/2025/03/los-trabajadores-azucareros-de-cuba-fueron-clave-para-la-revolucion/|work=Jacobin Revista|date=2025-03-18|accessdate=2026-10-27|language=es-AR|author=Steve Cushion}}</ref> Mnamo [[Machi]] [[1935]], alijiunga na mgomo mwingine; wakati huu wagomaji walikabiliana na vitendo vya kikatili kutoka kwa serikali pamoja na Fulgencio Batista, ambae alikua mkuu wa majeshi wakati huo. Pena alikamatwa na kuteswa. Mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1936]] aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani.<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Wireless to THE NEW YORK|title=POLITICAL PRISONERS RELEASED IN HAVANA; Four Women Among First Thirteen of Eighty to Go Free Under Recent Amnesty Law.|date=1936-08-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/09/archives/political-prisoners-released-in-havana-four-women-among-first.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Peña aliendelea kuunda na kuratibu harakati za wafanyakazi nchini [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=Cable To the New York|title=CUBA BLOCKS ENTRY OF SPANISH GENERAL|date=1946-04-28|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/28/archives/cuba-blocks-entry-of-spanish-general.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Pia alikua akipinga sera za [[Marekani]] na ushiriki wake katika masuala ya [[Amerika ya Kusini]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special Cable to THE NEW YORK|title='WORKERS MILITIA' MARCHES IN MEXICO; C.T.M. Shows Well-Drilled Brigades in May Day Parade to Bolster Candidate SOME DISSENSION IS SEEN Cuban Speakers Assail Policy of U.S.--Brazil Gets New Minimum-Wage Law|date=1940-05-02|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/05/02/archives/workers-militia-marches-in-mexico-ctm-shows-welldrilled-brigades-in.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Katika miaka ya [[1940]] alikua Katibu Mkuu wa Shirikisho la Wafanyakazi wa [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=CUBANS RE-ELECT PENA; Only Communists, Sympathizers Vote in Labor Congress|date=1947-05-11|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/11/archives/cubans-reelect-pena-only-communists-sympathizers-vote-in-labor.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Mnamo mwaka [[1952]] alikamatwa wakati serikali ilipokuwa ikichukua hatua kali dhidi ya wapinzani wake. Baadaye , [[Septemba]] [[1953]] <ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=Red Leaders Seized in Havana|date=1952-07-06|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/06/archives/red-leaders-seized-in-havana.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>alikamatwa tena na kuhukumiwa kwa tuhuma za kujihusisha na shughuli za kupindua serikali. Mwaka [[1953]], baada ya kuhudhuria kongamano la shirikisho la Vyama vya Wafanyakazi Duniani (WFTU) lililofanyika Vienna, Austria, alizuiliwa kurudi nchini [[Cuba]] na utawala wa kidikteta wa Batista. Peña aliishi uhamishoni nchini [[Mexico]] na baadae alirejea [[Cuban Marimba Band|Cuba]] baada ya mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]] ya Mwaka [[1959]]. Mwaka 1965 alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama cha kikomunisti (PCC) . Mnamo [[1973]] aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa Idara ya Mashirika ya Kijamii katika chama hicho. Lázaro Peña alifariki mwaka uliofuata ([[1974]])<ref>{{Citation|title=Lazaro Pena, Ex‐Secretary Of Workers’ Unit in Cuba|date=1974-03-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/13/archives/lazaro-pena-exsecretary-of-workers-unit-in-cuba.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Kuba]] kvq1g4bioraclzhf1rzcq6pgfgct085 1611597 1611594 2026-10-27T11:00:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611597 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lázaro Peña González''' ([[1911]] - [[Machi]] [[1974]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa [[wafanyakazi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa vyama vya [[wafanyakazi]] nchini [[Cuba]]. Alikua mwanachama hai wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Cuba (PCC) na alikamatwa kwa sababu za harakati zake za kutetea wafanyakazi na kujihusisha na siasa kabla ya Mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]]. == Wasifu == Lázaro Peña alizaliwa katika mtaa wa Los Sitios, [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. Baba yake hakuwahi kumaliza shule na aliamua kufanya kazi mbalimbali kama vile [[useremala]] , kulima [[tumbaku]] na kuchambua majani ya [[tumbaku]]. Pena naye alianza kufanya kazi akiwa na umri mdogo.<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 alijiunga na Chama cha Kikomunisti cha [[Cuba]](PCC), na baada ya miaka kadhaa alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama hicho. Mnamo mwaka [[1934]], alichaguliwa kuwa katibu mkuu wa chama cha wafanyakazi wa [[Tumbaku]].<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class</ref> Akiwa ni mwanachama wa Shirikisho la Kitaifa la Wafanyakazi wa Cuba (CNOC), mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1933]] alishiriki katika mgomo uliosababisha kuanguka kwa utawala wa kidikteta wa Gerardo Machado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Los trabajadores azucareros de Cuba fueron clave para la revolución|url=https://jacobinlat.com/2025/03/los-trabajadores-azucareros-de-cuba-fueron-clave-para-la-revolucion/|work=Jacobin Revista|date=2025-03-18|accessdate=2026-10-27|language=es-AR|author=Steve Cushion}}</ref> Mnamo [[Machi]] [[1935]], alijiunga na mgomo mwingine; wakati huu wagomaji walikabiliana na vitendo vya kikatili kutoka kwa serikali pamoja na Fulgencio Batista, ambae alikua mkuu wa majeshi wakati huo. Pena alikamatwa na kuteswa. Mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1936]] aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani.<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Wireless to THE NEW YORK|title=POLITICAL PRISONERS RELEASED IN HAVANA; Four Women Among First Thirteen of Eighty to Go Free Under Recent Amnesty Law.|date=1936-08-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/09/archives/political-prisoners-released-in-havana-four-women-among-first.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Peña aliendelea kuunda na kuratibu harakati za wafanyakazi nchini [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=Cable To the New York|title=CUBA BLOCKS ENTRY OF SPANISH GENERAL|date=1946-04-28|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/28/archives/cuba-blocks-entry-of-spanish-general.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Pia alikua akipinga sera za [[Marekani]] na ushiriki wake katika masuala ya [[Amerika ya Kusini]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special Cable to THE NEW YORK|title='WORKERS MILITIA' MARCHES IN MEXICO; C.T.M. Shows Well-Drilled Brigades in May Day Parade to Bolster Candidate SOME DISSENSION IS SEEN Cuban Speakers Assail Policy of U.S.--Brazil Gets New Minimum-Wage Law|date=1940-05-02|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/05/02/archives/workers-militia-marches-in-mexico-ctm-shows-welldrilled-brigades-in.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Katika miaka ya [[1940]] alikua Katibu Mkuu wa Shirikisho la Wafanyakazi wa [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=CUBANS RE-ELECT PENA; Only Communists, Sympathizers Vote in Labor Congress|date=1947-05-11|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/11/archives/cubans-reelect-pena-only-communists-sympathizers-vote-in-labor.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Mnamo mwaka [[1952]] alikamatwa wakati serikali ilipokuwa ikichukua hatua kali dhidi ya wapinzani wake. Baadaye , [[Septemba]] [[1953]] <ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=Red Leaders Seized in Havana|date=1952-07-06|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/06/archives/red-leaders-seized-in-havana.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>alikamatwa tena na kuhukumiwa kwa tuhuma za kujihusisha na shughuli za kupindua serikali. Mwaka [[1953]], baada ya kuhudhuria kongamano la shirikisho la Vyama vya Wafanyakazi Duniani (WFTU) lililofanyika Vienna, Austria, alizuiliwa kurudi nchini [[Cuba]] na utawala wa kidikteta wa Batista. Peña aliishi uhamishoni nchini [[Mexico]] na baadae alirejea [[Cuban Marimba Band|Cuba]] baada ya mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]] ya Mwaka [[1959]]. Mwaka 1965 alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama cha kikomunisti (PCC) . Mnamo [[1973]] aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa Idara ya Mashirika ya Kijamii katika chama hicho. Lázaro Peña alifariki mwaka uliofuata ([[1974]])<ref>{{Citation|title=Lazaro Pena, Ex‐Secretary Of Workers’ Unit in Cuba|date=1974-03-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/13/archives/lazaro-pena-exsecretary-of-workers-unit-in-cuba.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kuba]] drer3szy155wdxfi2etd1e0g4xbgmg1 1611601 1611597 2026-10-27T11:20:29Z Jonny Frosty 49734 1611601 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |picha = Lázaro Peña in 1944.png | image_size = 200 |maelezo = Peña Mnamo Mwaka 1944<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Peña|first=Lázaro|title=El Problema de la C.T.C. — Lazaro Peña dice:|trans-title=The Problem with the CTC: — Lazaro Peña says:|date=18 June 1944|page=31|url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/uf00029010/02050|magazine=[[Revista Bohemia]]|location=La Habana, Cuba|via=[[Digital Library of the Caribbean]]|issn=0864-0777|language=es}}</ref> | alt = Damaged black and white photograph of Peña (approximately age 33) wearing a suit and looking to his right side |tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[1911]] |Mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Havana]], Cuba | birth_name = Lázaro Peña González |tarehe ya kufariki = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|df=yes|1974|3|11|1911}}}} |utaifa = [[Cuba]] | death_cause = | resting_place = | organization = |kazi yake = [[Mwanaharakati]] }}'''Lázaro Peña González''' ([[1911]] - [[Machi]] [[1974]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa [[wafanyakazi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa vyama vya [[wafanyakazi]] nchini [[Cuba]]. Alikua mwanachama hai wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Cuba (PCC) na alikamatwa kwa sababu za harakati zake za kutetea wafanyakazi na kujihusisha na siasa kabla ya Mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]]. == Wasifu == Lázaro Peña alizaliwa katika mtaa wa Los Sitios, [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. Baba yake hakuwahi kumaliza shule na aliamua kufanya kazi mbalimbali kama vile [[useremala]] , kulima [[tumbaku]] na kuchambua majani ya [[tumbaku]]. Pena naye alianza kufanya kazi akiwa na umri mdogo.<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 alijiunga na Chama cha Kikomunisti cha [[Cuba]](PCC), na baada ya miaka kadhaa alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama hicho. Mnamo mwaka [[1934]], alichaguliwa kuwa katibu mkuu wa chama cha wafanyakazi wa [[Tumbaku]].<ref>https://www.contraloria.gob.cu/en/noticias/lazaro-pena-captain-cuban-working-class</ref> Akiwa ni mwanachama wa Shirikisho la Kitaifa la Wafanyakazi wa Cuba (CNOC), mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1933]] alishiriki katika mgomo uliosababisha kuanguka kwa utawala wa kidikteta wa Gerardo Machado.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Los trabajadores azucareros de Cuba fueron clave para la revolución|url=https://jacobinlat.com/2025/03/los-trabajadores-azucareros-de-cuba-fueron-clave-para-la-revolucion/|work=Jacobin Revista|date=2025-03-18|accessdate=2026-10-27|language=es-AR|author=Steve Cushion}}</ref> Mnamo [[Machi]] [[1935]], alijiunga na mgomo mwingine; wakati huu wagomaji walikabiliana na vitendo vya kikatili kutoka kwa serikali pamoja na Fulgencio Batista, ambae alikua mkuu wa majeshi wakati huo. Pena alikamatwa na kuteswa. Mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1936]] aliachiliwa kutoka gerezani.<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Wireless to THE NEW YORK|title=POLITICAL PRISONERS RELEASED IN HAVANA; Four Women Among First Thirteen of Eighty to Go Free Under Recent Amnesty Law.|date=1936-08-09|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/09/archives/political-prisoners-released-in-havana-four-women-among-first.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> Peña aliendelea kuunda na kuratibu harakati za wafanyakazi nchini [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Times|first=Cable To the New York|title=CUBA BLOCKS ENTRY OF SPANISH GENERAL|date=1946-04-28|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/28/archives/cuba-blocks-entry-of-spanish-general.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Pia alikua akipinga sera za [[Marekani]] na ushiriki wake katika masuala ya [[Amerika ya Kusini]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special Cable to THE NEW YORK|title='WORKERS MILITIA' MARCHES IN MEXICO; C.T.M. Shows Well-Drilled Brigades in May Day Parade to Bolster Candidate SOME DISSENSION IS SEEN Cuban Speakers Assail Policy of U.S.--Brazil Gets New Minimum-Wage Law|date=1940-05-02|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/05/02/archives/workers-militia-marches-in-mexico-ctm-shows-welldrilled-brigades-in.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Katika miaka ya [[1940]] alikua Katibu Mkuu wa Shirikisho la Wafanyakazi wa [[Cuba]]<ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=CUBANS RE-ELECT PENA; Only Communists, Sympathizers Vote in Labor Congress|date=1947-05-11|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/11/archives/cubans-reelect-pena-only-communists-sympathizers-vote-in-labor.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Mnamo mwaka [[1952]] alikamatwa wakati serikali ilipokuwa ikichukua hatua kali dhidi ya wapinzani wake. Baadaye , [[Septemba]] [[1953]] <ref>{{Citation|last=TIMES|first=Special to THE NEW YORK|title=Red Leaders Seized in Havana|date=1952-07-06|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/07/06/archives/red-leaders-seized-in-havana.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>alikamatwa tena na kuhukumiwa kwa tuhuma za kujihusisha na shughuli za kupindua serikali. Mwaka [[1953]], baada ya kuhudhuria kongamano la shirikisho la Vyama vya Wafanyakazi Duniani (WFTU) lililofanyika Vienna, Austria, alizuiliwa kurudi nchini [[Cuba]] na utawala wa kidikteta wa Batista. Peña aliishi uhamishoni nchini [[Mexico]] na baadae alirejea [[Cuban Marimba Band|Cuba]] baada ya mapinduzi ya [[Cuba]] ya Mwaka [[1959]]. Mwaka 1965 alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa kamati kuu ya chama cha kikomunisti (PCC) . Mnamo [[1973]] aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa Idara ya Mashirika ya Kijamii katika chama hicho. Lázaro Peña alifariki mwaka uliofuata ([[1974]])<ref>{{Citation|title=Lazaro Pena, Ex‐Secretary Of Workers’ Unit in Cuba|date=1974-03-13|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/03/13/archives/lazaro-pena-exsecretary-of-workers-unit-in-cuba.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1974]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kuba]] 8xou8xsx67nqld67egommyrbiu97tug 0 256229 1611596 2026-10-27T10:56:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611596 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Florence ita-giwa.jpg|thumb|Florence ita giwa]] '''Florence Ita Giwa''' (alizaliwa [[19 Februari]] [[1946]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]] aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Seneta wa Wilaya ya Uchaguzi ya Seneti ya ''Cross River South'', katika [[Jimbo la Cross River]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alipata elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi ya ''Duke Town'', kisha akaendelea na masomo ya sekondari katika Shule ya Wasichana ya ''Edgerly Memorial'', iliyoko Calabar. Alisoma katika Chuo cha ''Kilburn Polytechnic'', jijini [[London]], [[Uingereza]]. Alifanya kazi kama muuguzi, kisha akawa mwakilishi wa kampuni ya dawa ya ''Beecham''. Baadae alihamia kampuni ya dawa ya Standall, ambako aliwakilisha [[Jimbo la Lagos]]. Aliolewa na Dele Giwa, mhariri mwanzilishi wa jarida la ''Newswatch''.<ref>https://guardian.ng/life/florence-ita-giwa-mama-bakassi-at-73/</ref><ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/2018/09/08/florence-ita-giwas-commitment/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} m6t9tctt0nk7j7lsqp515ze0emcoiq7 0 256230 1611598 2026-10-27T11:03:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611598 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:La vita agra Ralli cropped.png|thumb|Giovanna Ralli ]] '''Giovanna Ralli''' (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1935]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] anayeshiriki katika maigizo ya jukwaani, filamu na vipindi vya [[televisheni]]. == Maisha na taaluma == Alianza kuigiza akiwa mtoto mwenye umri wa [[miaka]] saba. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 13, alianza kuigiza jukwaani kwa kujiunga na kikundi cha maigizo cha ''Peppino De Filippo''. Baada ya kuonekana katika filamu ya ''Variety Lights'' ([[1950]]), iliyoongozwa na Federico Fellini na Alberto Lattuada, Ralli alianza kupata nafasi muhimu katika filamu katikati ya miaka ya 1950, mara nyingi katika [[filamu]] za [[vichekesho]]. Mwaka [[1959]], alipata nafasi kuu katika filamu ya ''General Della Rovere'', iliyoongozwa na Roberto Rossellini. Filamu hiyo ilishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''Golden Lion'' katika Tamasha la Filamu la ''Venice.'' Mwaka [[1960]], uigizaji wake katika filamu ya ''Escape by Night'', ambayo pia iliongozwa na Rossellini, ulimletea tuzo ya ''Golden Gate'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la ''San Francisco''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0707728/</ref><ref>https://www.cinematografo.it/news/personaggi/giovanna-ralli-un-paio-dali-j629jitn</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} rnjbs5jzydur7gyun71ho10basme6sb