Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2645 1611933 1190016 2026-10-29T17:41:58Z Muddyb 379 Kuboresha makala 1611933 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Jakarta |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[Picha:Bundaran Hotel Indonesia (2025) (cropped).jpg|250px|Sanamu ya Selamat Datang katika Jakarta]]<br /><small>[[Sanamu ya Selamat Datang]]</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Jina rasmi: | style="padding: 3px;" | Mkoa Maalumu wa Mji Mkuu wa Jakarta<br />''Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta'' |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Mikoa ya Indonesia|Mkoa maalumu wa mji mkuu]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Nchi: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Indonesia]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Msingi (kama ''Jayakarta''): | style="padding: 3px;" | [[22 Juni]] [[1527]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Jakarta: Sejarah 400 Tahun|author=Alwi Shahab|year=2017|publisher=Kompas|page=3}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Uundaji (kama ''Batavia''): | style="padding: 3px;" | [[30 Mei]] [[1619]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Jakarta: A History of the City of Jakarta|author=Indraprahasta|author2=Derudder|year=2019|page=4}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya mkoa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[18 Januari]] [[1957]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BPK|work=Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan|year=1957|page=3}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Gavana: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Pramono Anung]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Naibu Gavana: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Rano Karno]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Eneo: | style="padding: 3px;" | 664 km² |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Eneo la jiji: | style="padding: 3px;" | 6,799 km²<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Hidayat, Asvaliantina, Aji, Maulana|year=2024|page=2}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Idadi ya watu (2025): | style="padding: 3px;" | 11,010,514<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Understanding the Difference in Jakarta Population Data: UN Data vs. Population and Civil Registration Office Data|work=Jakarta Population and Civil Registration Office|year=2025}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Idadi ya watu wa jiji (2025): | style="padding: 3px;" | 41,914,000<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|year=2025|page=107}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Msimbo wa posta: | style="padding: 3px;" | 10110–14540; 19110–19130 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Msimbo wa simu: | style="padding: 3px;" | +62 21 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Tovuti: | style="padding: 3px;" | [https://www.jakarta.go.id/ jakarta.go.id] |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Majina ya zamani |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%;" | Sunda Kelapa • Jayakarta<br />Batavia |} '''Jakarta''' ni [[mji mkuu]] na mji mkubwa zaidi wa [[Indonesia]], wenye hali ya utawala sawa na [[mikoa ya Indonesia|mkoa]]. Ipo katika pwani ya kaskazini-magharibi mwa [[Java]], ikipakana na [[Java Magharibi]] na [[Banten]] — inatazamana na [[Bahari ya Java]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=3}}</ref> Jakarta ina eneo lenye ukubwa takriban 664 km². Hadi kufikia 2025, jiji lilikuwa na wakazi wapatao milioni 11. Eneo lake la mijini linaenea hadi mipakani mwa mkoa (linajulikana kwa jina la ''Jabodetabek''), ambalo lilikuwa na idadi ya watu karibu milioni 42 mwaka 2025 kulingana na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs|year=2025|page=107}}</ref> Eneo la Jakarta ya leo lilihusishwa kwa muda mrefu na [[Sunda Kelapa]], bandari ya [[Ufalme wa Sunda]]. Vikosi vya Kiislamu viliteka Kalapa mwaka 1527, baada ya hapo mji huo ukawa unajulikana kama Jayakarta na ukawa chini ya [[Usultani wa Banten]]. [[Kampuni ya Kiholanzi ya Mashariki ya India]] (VOC) iliteka Jayakarta mwaka 1619 na kuijenga upya kama [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]], kitovu chake kikuu cha utawala barani Asia na bandari muhimu ya biashara.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|pages=2–3, 17–18}}</ref> Wakati wa [[utekaji wa Indonesia na Japani|utekaji wa Japani]] katika [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]], mamlaka yalibadilisha jina la Batavia kuwa Jakarta. Uhuru wa Indonesia ulitangazwa humo mwaka 1945 na baada ya [[Mapinduzi ya Taifa ya Indonesia]], Jakarta ikawa mji mkuu wa jamhuri ya umoja mwaka 1950.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|pages=20–21}}</ref> Jakarta ilikua kwa kasi baada ya uhuru wa Indonesia. Uhamiaji kutoka sehemu mbalimbali za Indonesia umeunda idadi na utamaduni wake. Ukuaji wa mijini umeenea hadi [[Bogor]], [[Depok]], [[Tangerang]] na [[Bekasi]], na kuunda eneo la jiji lenye mzunguko mkubwa wa kila siku wa wasafiri. Jakarta ni kitovu cha fedha na biashara cha Indonesia na kitovu cha utawala wa kitaifa. Pia ni nyumbani kwa makao makuu ya makampuni mengi, vyombo vya habari, vyuo vikuu na sekretarieti ya [[ASEAN|Jumuiya ya Mataifa ya Asia Kusini-Mashariki]] (ASEAN).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Indraprahasta|author2=Derudder|year=2019|page=4}}</ref> Jakarta haina kabila kubwa moja. Makundi makubwa ni pamoja na [[Wajava]], [[Wabetawi]], [[Wasunda]] na [[Wachina wa Indonesia]]. [[Kiidonesia]] ni lugha rasmi na lugha kuu ya maisha ya umma, huku utamaduni wa Kibetawi ukiundwa kutokana na mwingiliano wa watu wa asili mbalimbali katika Batavia ya kikoloni.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Kusno|year=2025|pages=296–299}}</ref> Jakarta inakabiliwa na matatizo ya kudumu ikiwemo msongamano wa usafiri, mafuriko, kushuka kwa ardhi, uchafuzi wa hewa, na shinikizo kwenye huduma za maji na taka. Mwaka 2022, serikali ya Indonesia ilianza mchakato wa kisheria wa kuhamisha mji mkuu wa nchi hadi [[Nusantara]] katika [[Kalimantan Mashariki]], lakini Jakarta bado ni mji mkuu hadi uhamisho utakapothibitishwa kwa amri ya rais.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The capital's 'childhood' names|work=The Jakarta Post|year=2019}}</ref> == Etimolojia == Eneo la Jakarta ya leo limekuwa na majina mengi. Wakati wa [[Ufalme wa Sunda]], bandari yake ilijulikana kama ''Kalapa'' au ''Sunda Kalapa'' na ilikuwa mojawapo ya bandari kuu za ufalme huo kwenye pwani ya kaskazini ya Java Magharibi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|pages=2–3}}</ref> Taarifa ya karne ya 16 na daktari wa dawa wa Kireno, [[Tomé Pires]], ilirejelea bandari hiyo kama ''Calapa''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Pires|year=1990|page=172}}</ref> Jina ''Jayakarta'' limehusishwa kwa jadi na uvamizi wa Kalapa mwaka 1527 na vikosi vya Kiislamu vilivyodaiwa kuongozwa na [[Fatahillah]], lakini nyaraka zilizobaki hazithibitishi kwamba yeye ndiye aliyebadilisha jina la mji huo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=3}}</ref> Jina hilo ni la [[Kisanskrit]] na linamaanisha "ushindi" au "kitendo cha ushindi". Vyanzo vya mapema vya Ulaya vilirekodi aina zinazohusiana, zikiwemo ''Iacarta'', ''Xacatra'', na ''Jacatra''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=17}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Pires|year=1990|page=172}}</ref> Baada ya VOC kuteka na kuharibu Jayakarta mwaka 1619, ilijenga upya mji huo kama ''Batavia'', uliopewa jina la [[Wabatavi]], watu wa Kijerumani waliotazamwa na Waholanzi kama mababu wao.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=18}}</ref> Batavia ilibaki kuwa jina la mji huo hadi utekaji wa Japani mwaka 1942, wakati mamlaka yalipobadilisha jina hilo kuwa Jakarta na kutumia jina ''Jakaruta Tokubetsu-shi''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|pages=20–21}}</ref> Baada ya uhuru wa Indonesia, Jakarta ikawa jina rasmi la mji huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The capital's 'childhood' names|work=The Jakarta Post|year=2019}}</ref> == Historia == === Makazi ya awali na Sunda Kelapa === [[Utamaduni wa Buni]] ulikuwa utamaduni wa kale wa ufinyanzi uliopatikana katika maeneo ya pwani ya kaskazini na magharibi mwa Java.. Umehesabiwa kuwa na umri wa takriban 400 KK–100 BK, na ushahidi unaonyesha kuwa unaweza kuendelea hadi takriban 500 BK.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Batujaya Temple complex listed as national cultural heritage|work=The Jakarta Post|year=2019}}</ref> Ushahidi wa maandishi wa kipindi hiki ni pamoja na [[Maandishi ya Tugu]] ya karne ya 5 ya katikati, yaliyopatikana karibu na [[Tanjung Priok]] katika Jakarta Kaskazini ya leo. Maandishi hayo yanarekodi uchimbaji wa njia mbili za maji, ''Candrabhaga'' na ''Gomati'', na kumhusisha ya pili na Mfalme Purnawarman. Hata hivyo, uhusiano kati ya njia za maji na utambulisho wa mtawala aliyehusika na ''Candrabhaga'' haujulikani kwa uhakika.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Noorduyn|author2=Verstappen|year=1972|page=298}}</ref> Kufikia karne ya 10, [[Ufalme wa Sunda]] ulianza katika Java Magharibi na kutawala eneo la Jakarta ya leo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=13}}</ref> Kazi ya Wachina ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi|Chu-fan-chi]]'' inaeleza ''Sin-t'o'' kama yenye bandari na kutengeneza pilipili.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Zhao|year=1911|page=70}}</ref> Kufikia mwanzo wa karne ya 16, Kalapa ilikuwa mojawapo ya bandari kuu za Ufalme wa Sunda.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=13}}</ref> Tomé Pires aliielezea kama bandari muhimu zaidi ya Sunda, ikivuta meli kutoka Sumatra, Malacca, Java na sehemu nyingine.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Pires|year=1990|page=172}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 1513, nahodha wa Kireno wa Malacca alituma meli nne hadi Java kupata viungo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Pires|year=1990|page=xxv}}</ref> Ufalme wa Sunda ulifanya mkataba na Ureno tarehe 21 Agosti 1522.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Pires|year=1990|page=172}}</ref> Mkataba huo uliruhusu Wareno kujenga ngome katika Kalapa, kwa sababu Sunda ilikuwa inatafuta msaada wa Wareno katika shinikizo kutoka [[Usultani wa Cirebon]] na [[Usultani wa Demak]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=16}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Reid|year=2010|page=433}}</ref> Mwaka 1527, vikosi vya Kiislamu viliteka Kalapa, lakini vyanzo vinatofautiana kuhusu iwapo [[Fatahillah]] au [[Sunan Gunungjati|Sunan Gunung Jati]] ndiye aliongoza uvamizi huo.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=17}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Reid|year=2010|page=433}}</ref> Baada ya uvamizi huo, Kalapa ikawa tegemezi la [[Usultani wa Banten]] na ilirekodiwa katika vyanzo vya kigeni kama ''Iacarta'', ''Xacatra'' au ''Jacatra''. Banten baadaye ilikua kuwa nguvu kubwa ya baharini katika Java Magharibi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Gultom|year=2017|page=17}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Reid|year=2010|page=433}}</ref> === Batavia chini ya utawala wa Waholanzi === Katika mwanzo wa karne ya 17, Jayakarta ilikuwa chini ya udhibiti wa Banten na ikawa kitu cha ushindani kati ya VOC na [[Kampuni ya Kiingereza ya Mashariki ya India]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Knörr|year=2014|pages=46, 124}}</ref> Baada ya uvamizi, nahodha wa jeshi la bahari wa Kiholanzi, [[Jan Pieterszoon Coen]], alirudi na msaada mnamo Mei 1619, akashinda Jayakarta na kuteketeza makao ya kifalme.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Blussé|year=2025|page=18}}</ref> VOC iliweka makao makuu yake ya Asia kwenye eneo hilo na baadaye kuita mji huo Batavia.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=van der Brug|year=2000|page=45}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Indraprahasta|author2=Derudder|year=2019|page=4}}</ref> Batavia ilikua kama mji wa mifereji yenye kuta kwenye tambarare ya chini ya pwani katika mdomo wa [[Ciliwung|Ciliwung]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=van der Brug|year=2000|pages=45, 47}}</ref> Hata hivyo, mifereji hiyo ilipita vibaya na kukusanya matope, na ukuaji wa haraka wa mchanga wa pwani ulichangia hali ya kutokuwa na afya.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=van der Brug|year=2000|page=47}}</ref> Kuanzia miaka ya 1730, milipuko ya magonjwa ilifanya Batavia kuwa hatari zaidi kuishi, na wakazi wengi waliondoka kutoka mji wa kale.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=van der Brug|year=2000|pages=43, 47–48}}</ref> Licha ya matatizo ya afya, Batavia ilibaki kuwa kitovu kikuu cha utawala wa VOC barani Asia na bandari muhimu ya biashara.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=van der Brug|year=2000|page=45}}</ref> Wakazi wa Wachina walihusika katika biashara, kilimo, ufundi na ujenzi wa Batavia, na waliishi ndani ya mji na mashamba ya nje (''Ommelanden'').<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Kusno|year=2025|pages=296–299}}</ref> Mwaka 1740, vurugu kati ya wafanyakazi wa Wachina katika ''Ommelanden'' na jibu la VOC liliongeza hadi [[Mauaji ya Batavia ya 1740|mauaji ya wakazi wa Wachina]] katika Batavia.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Kusno|year=2025|page=300}}</ref> Baada ya mauaji hayo, makazi ya Wachina yaliendelea nje ya kuta za mji. Mnamo Machi 1741, VOC ilitenga eneo la Wachina katika ''Diestpoort'', kusini mwa Batavia, katika eneo baadaye linalojulikana kama [[Glodok]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Kusno|year=2025|page=300}}</ref> Kufikia mwanzo wa karne ya 19, wakazi walikuwa wakiondoka kutoka mji wa kale wenye matatizo ya afya, na uhamisho hadi ''Weltevreden'' (Jakarta Kati ya leo) uliongeza ukuaji wa Batavia kusini.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Indraprahasta|author2=Derudder|year=2019|page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Nas|author2=Grijns|year=2000|pages=7–8}}</ref> ''Weltevreden'' ilikua karibu na majengo ya serikali na makazi makubwa yenye bustani, huku mji wa kale wa chini ukiendelea kuwa eneo la biashara lenye eneo la Wachina.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Nas|author2=Grijns|year=2000|page=8}}</ref> Ukuaji wa baadaye ulienea Batavia kusini hadi [[Menteng]] na kujumuisha ''Meester Cornelis'' (Jatinegara ya leo).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Nas|author2=Grijns|year=2000|page=8}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 1942, jeshi la Kiholanzi lilikabidhi Batavia kwa [[Dola la Japani|Japani]], na mamlaka ya utekaji wa Japani yalibadilisha jina la mji huo kuwa Jakarta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The capital's 'childhood' names|work=The Jakarta Post|year=2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Indraprahasta|author2=Derudder|year=2019|page=4}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-jio-Asia}} {{Commons}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Asia]] [[Jamii:Jakarta| ]] 6st97wksaw24xkgqu2pyuarl4eawnko 0 4107 1611971 1508604 2026-10-30T03:43:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Laos | jina_asili = {{native name|lo|ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາທິປະໄຕປະຊາຊົນລາວ}} | bendera = Flag of Laos.svg | nembo = Emblem of Laos.svg | kauli_mbiu = "Amani, Uhuru, Umoja na Ustawi" | wimbo_wa_taifa = Pheng Xat Lao<br>"Wimbo wa Taifa wa Laos" </br> | ramani = Laos (orthographic projection).svg | ramani2 = Location Laos ASEAN.svg | maelezo_ramani = Eneo la Laos katika Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki | maelezo_ramani2 = Laos ndani ya ASEAN | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Vientiane]] | lugha_rasmi = Kilaos<ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of Laos |url=https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Laos_2015.pdf |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | lugha2 = | mwaka_dini = 2015 | dini = {{Plainlist| *64.7% [[Ubudha]] *31.4% [[Dini za jadi]] *1.70% [[Ukristo]] *2.20% Dini nyingine}} <ref>{{cite web |title=Laos - Religion |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |publisher=CIA World Factbook |access-date=2026-04-04 |archive-date=2021-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307193820/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/laos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | uraia = Mlao | serikali = Jamhuri ya chama kimoja ya kikomunisti<ref>{{cite web |title=Laos Government |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos/Government-and-society |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] | kiongozi1 = Thongloun Sisoulith<ref>{{cite web |title=President of Laos |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thongloun-Sisoulith |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] | kiongozi2 = Sonexay Siphandone<ref>{{cite web |title=Prime Minister of Laos |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sonexay-Siphandone |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | bunge = Bunge la Taifa | muundo_uhuru = Uundaji | tukio1 = Uhuru kutoka Ufaransa | tukio1_tarehe = 19 Julai 1949<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Laos |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos/History |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | tukio2 = Jamhuri ya kiujamaa yatangazwa | tukio2_tarehe = 2 Desemba 1975<ref>{{cite web |title=Laos profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15351898 |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | eneo_jumla = 236,800 | maji = 2.5 | watu_kadirio = 7,749,595<ref>{{cite web |title=Laos Population 2025 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/laos-population/ |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | mwaka_kadirio = 2025 | msongamano = 32 | mwaka_plt_ppp = 2025 | plt_ppp = $80 bilioni<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF Laos Data |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = $10,300 | mwaka_plt = 2025 | plt = $15 bilioni<ref>{{cite web |title=IMF Laos GDP |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | plt_kwa_mtu = $1,900 | hdi = 0.607<ref>{{cite web |title=Human Development Report Laos |url=https://hdr.undp.org/ |access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | cheo_maendeleo = 140 | gini = 38.8<ref>{{cite web |title=Gini Laos |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=LA |access-date=2026-04-04 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526183115/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=LA |url-status=dead }}</ref> | mwaka_gini = 2018 | fedha = Kip Lao | majira_saa = UTC+7 | tld = .la | msimbo_simu = +856 }} '''Laos''' (kwa [[Kilao]]: ລາວ), rasmi kama '''Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Laos''', ni nchi isiyo na [[pwani]] iliyoko katika eneo la [[Kusini]]-[[Mashariki]] mwa [[Asia]]. Inapakana na [[Uchina]] upande wa [[kaskazini]], [[Vietnam]] upande wa [[mashariki]], [[Kambodia]] upande wa [[kusini]], [[Uthai]] upande wa [[magharibi]], na [[Myanmar]] upande wa [[kaskazini]]-[[magharibi]]. Kwa [[idadi]] ya watu, ambao ni takriban [[milioni]] 8, Laos ni nchi ya 103 [[dunia|duniani]], na ya 23 [[Asia|barani Asia]]. [[Mji mkuu]] wake ambao pia ni [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi ni [[Vientiane]]. Laos inajulikana kwa [[mandhari]] yake ya [[mlima|milima]] na [[msitu|misitu]], [[historia]] ya [[Ufalme|kifalme]], [[utamaduni]] tajiri wa [[Ubudha|Kibuddha]], na [[Mto Mekong]] unaopita katikati ya nchi. Laos ina [[historia ya Laos|historia]] ndefu iliyoundwa na falme za kikanda, utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]], na mabadiliko ya [[siasa|kisiasa]] ya kisasa. Hapo awali ilikuwa sehemu ya Ufalme wa Lan Xang, dola yenye nguvu iliyostawi kuanzia [[karne ya 14]] hadi ya [[karne ya 18|18]] na iliyochangia pakubwa katika kueneza Ubuddha na [[utamaduni]] wa Kilaos. Mwishoni mwa karne ya 19, Laos iliingizwa katika Indochina ya [[Kifaransa]] na kubaki chini ya utawala wa [[historia ya Ufaransa|kikoloni wa Ufaransa]] hadi katikati ya [[karne ya 20]]. Baada ya kipindi cha migogoro na misukosuko, ikiwemo kuhusika katika vita pana vya Indochina, nchi hiyo iliibuka mwaka 1975 kama jamhuri ya kiujamaa kufuatia kutolewa kwa ufalme.<ref name='h1'>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A Guide to the United States’ History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Laos|url=https://history.state.gov/countries/laos|publisher=US, Department of State|website=www.state.gov|access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref><ref name='h2'>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History of Laos|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/history-of-Laos|publisher=Britannica|author=Joseph Zasloff|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2026-04-04}}</ref> Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Laos imeanza kubadilika polepole kutoka [[uchumi]] uliopangwa na serikali kuu kuelekea mfumo unaozingatia soko, kwa kuhamasisha uwekezaji wa kigeni na [[biashara]] ya kikanda. Uchumi wake unategemea sekta kama [[kilimo]], umeme wa maji, uchimbaji madini, na utalii, huku Mto Mekong ukiwa rasilimali muhimu kwa uzalishaji wa nishati na maisha ya watu. Licha ya maendeleo yanayoendelea, Laos bado ni miongoni mwa uchumi usioendelea sana kiviwanda katika [[Asia ya Kusini]]-Mashariki, ingawa inaendelea kujumuika zaidi na mashirika ya kikanda kama ASEAN na kupanua miundombinu pamoja na uhusiano wake wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]].<ref name='e1'>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Laos, Services, Infrastructure and Technology|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Laos/Services|publisher=Britannica|author=Pierre|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=2024-04-04}}</ref> == Jiografia== [[File:Laos Topography.png|thumb|Topografia ya Laos]] Laos ni nchi isiyo na [[pwani]] iliyoko [[Asia ya Kusini|Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia]], yenye eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 237,955. Inapakana na [[China]] kaskazini, [[Vietnam]] mashariki, [[Cambodia]] kusini, [[Uthai]] magharibi, na [[Myanmar]] kaskazini-magharibi. Eneo la nchi hii linajumuisha milima mingi, ikiwemo [[Mlima wa Annamite]] unaopitia mpaka wa mashariki na milima midogo midogo iliyosambaa kaskazini na mashariki. [[Msitu|Misitu]] inashughulikia sehemu kubwa ya nchi, ikichangia kwenye utofauti wake mkubwa wa kibiolojia na rasilimali asilia. [[Mto Mekong]] ni kipengele muhimu zaidi cha [[jiografia|kijiografia]] cha Laos, ukiyeyuka kutoka kaskazini kwenda kusini kando ya sehemu kubwa ya mpaka wa magharibi na [[Uthai]]. Unahudumia kama chanzo muhimu cha maji, usafirishaji, na umeme wa maji, na pia kusaidia [[kilimo]] na [[uvuvi]] kwa mamilioni ya [[Walao]]. Mito mingine mikuu, kama [[Mto Nam Ou]], [[Mto Nam Ngum]], na [[Mto Nam Theun]], huingiza maji yake kwenye Mekong na kuchangia sana katika umwagiliaji na [[uchumi]] wa mitaa. Mabonde ya mito na vilima vya juu hutoa ardhi inayofaa [[kilimo]] katika mandhari yenye milima na miundo ngumu. Laos ina hali ya hewa ya ''monsoon'' ya kitropiki, ikitofautiana kati ya msimu wa mvua kuanzia [[Mei]] hadi [[Oktoba]] na msimu wa [[ukame]] kuanzia [[Novemba]] hadi [[Aprili]]. Eneo la kaskazini na milima linapokea joto la baridi zaidi, huku maeneo ya chini kando ya [[Mto Mekong]] yakikumbwa na joto na unyevunyevu zaidi. Nchi hii inakabiliwa na [[mafuriko]] ya msimu kando ya mito, pamoja na ukame wa mara kwa mara unaoathiri kilimo. Mandhari yake tofauti, kutoka milima na vilima vya juu hadi mabonde yenye rutuba ya mito, hufanya Laos kuwa na utajiri wa kiikolojia na kuwa na nafasi ya kimkakati [[jiografia|kijiografia]] katika kanda hiyo. === Topografia === Mandhari ya Laos kwa kawaida ni ya milima na yenye milima mikali, ikiwemo [[Mlima Annamite]] kando ya mpaka wa mashariki na vilima vingi pamoja na vilima vya juu kaskazini na katikati ya nchi. Maeneo ya chini hupatikana hasa kando ya [[Mto Mekong]] na mito yake minofu, ambayo hutoa ardhi yenye rutuba kwa [[kilimo]], makazi ya binadamu, na usafirishaji. Urefu wa ardhi unatofautiana sana, kutoka takriban mita 70 katika mabonde ya mito hadi mita 2,819 katika Phou Bia, kilele cha juu zaidi cha nchi. Mandhari hii tofauti imefunikwa na misitu minene na mikondo ya mito inayopitia, ikitengeneza utofauti mkubwa wa kibiolojia na rasilimali asilia zinazochangia [[uchumi]], [[utamaduni]], na mpangilio wa makazi ya nchi. == Historia== [[File:Siamese Army in Laos 1893.jpg|thumb|Jeshi la Siam katika Laos ,1893]] Historia ya Laos ina mizizi ya kina katika [[ustaarabu]] uliostawi katika eneo la [[Mto Mekong]] kwa maelfu ya miaka. Makazi ya awali yaliibuka kando ya [[Bonde|mabonde]] ya [[Mto|mito]], yakikuza [[kilimo]] na [[biashara]]. Kufikia [[karne ya 14]], Ufalme wa Lan Xang, unaojulikana pia kama ''Nchi ya Ndovu Milioni Moja,'' ulijitokeza kama [[dola]] lenye nguvu, ukichanganya sehemu kubwa ya eneo la watu wanaozungumza [[Kilao]]. Lan Xang ilicheza nafasi kuu katika kueneza [[Ubuddha]] wa [[Theravada]], kuanzisha [[utamaduni]], [[sanaa]], na usanifu wa Kilaos, pamoja na kudumisha [[biashara]] na mahusiano ya [[diplomasia|kidiplomasia]] na [[ufalme|falme]] jirani, ikiwemo Siam (leo [[Uthai]]), [[Vietnam]], na [[Burma]] (leo [[Myanmar]]).<ref name='h1'/><ref name='h2'/> Baada ya kudorora kwa Lan Xang katika [[karne ya 18]], Laos iligawanyika kuwa falme ndogondogo, ambazo mara nyingi zilitegemea au kudhibitiwa na nguvu jirani, hasa Siam na [[Vietnam]]. Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], [[Wafaransa]] walidhibiti Laos kama sehemu ya [[Indochina]] ya Kifaransa, wakileta mifumo ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ustaarabu wa magharibi|Magharibi]], miradi ya [[miundombinu]], na mageuzi ya [[elimu]]. Utawala wa [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] wa [[Ufaransa]] uliendelea hadi [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]]; baada ya hapo nchi iliingia katika kipindi cha misukosuko ya [[siasa|kisiasa]], [[harakati]] za [[utaifa]], na athari za [[Vita ya Kwanza ya Indochina|Vita vya Kwanza vya Indochina]], hatimaye kuishia ukomo wa udhibiti wa kikoloni katika [[miaka ya 1950]]. Mnamo [[1975]], baada ya miaka ya [[Vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe|vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]] na ushawishi wa harakati za [[Ukomunisti|kikomunisti]] za kikanda, ''Chama cha Mapinduzi cha Walao'' kilichukua [[madaraka]], kufuta ufalme, na kuanzisha [[Jamhuri]] ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Laos. Tangu wakati huo, Laos imekuwa ikiendeshwa kama dola la [[Ujamaa|kiujamaa]] yenye [[Mfumo wa chama kimoja|chama kimoja]]. Nchi hiyo imeendeleza utulivu wa kisiasa huku ikifungua [[uchumi]] wake hatua kwa hatua kwa [[uwekezaji]] wa kigeni na miradi ya [[maendeleo]]. Leo, Laos inaendelea kushikilia urithi wake wa kitamaduni pamoja na maendeleo ya kisasa na ujumuishaji katika uchumi wa kikanda na wa kimataifa, huku ikibaki imeunganishwa kwa karibu na [[desturi]] zake za Kibuddha na utambulisho wa kihistoria. == Demografia == === Kabila === [[File:Laos ho 5538a.jpg|thumb|Walao wa kabila la Waho]] Kwa mujibu wa sensa ya 2015, maeneo ya Laos yana makundi makubwa ikiwemo [[Walao]] ambao ni takriban 53.2% ya idadi ya watu, [[Wakhmu]] 11%, [[Wahmong]] (Hmong) 9.2%, na makundi mengine madogo yakijumlishwa 26.6%. Serikali inatambua jumla ya 49 makabila makuu yenye zaidi ya 160 makundi madogo ya kikabila yaliyotambulika nchini. === Lugha === [[Lugha rasmi]] ya taifa ni [[Kilao]] inayotumika katika [[serikali]], [[elimu]] na mawasiliano rasmi. Lugha za makabila mbalimbali kama Khmu, Hmong, Phouthay, Tai na nyingine pia zinazungumzwa nchini kulingana na makazi ya jamii husika. [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiingereza]] ni lugha zinazotumiwa kwa kiasi kidogo, hasa katika mambo ya elimu, biashara na historia ya utawala wa kikoloni. === Dini === [[File:Temple Wat Xieng Thong - Luang Prabang - Laos.jpg|thumb|Hekalu katika Luang Prabang , Laos]] Takriban 64.7% ya watu wa Laos ni [[Ubudha|Wabuddha]] wa madhehebu ya Theravada, ambayo ni dini kuu nchini. Karibu 31.4% wanaonyesha kuwa hawana dini rasmi au wanafuata [[dini za jadi]] za asili, ikijumuisha imani kama Satsana Phi. [[Wakristo]] ni wachache zaidi, takriban 1.7% ya watu, wakiwemo wa madhehebu ya [[Uprotestanti|Waprotestanti]] na [[Ukatoliki|Wakatoliki]]. == Uchumi == [[File:Markt Luang Prabang.jpg|thumb|Soko katika Luang Prabang]] Laos ina [[uchumi]] unaoendelea unaotegemea sana rasilimali asilia, [[kilimo]], na biashara ya kikanda. Kilimo bado ndicho kinachotoa [[ajira]] nyingi zaidi, ambapo mpunga ni zao kuu, sambamba na [[kahawa]], [[miwa]], na [[mahindi]]. Mandhari ya milima ya nchi hii inapunguza uwezekano wa viwanda vikubwa, lakini sekta za [[msitu|misitu]], uchimbaji [[madini]], na umeme wa maji zinachangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika [[plt|pato la uchumi]]. [[Mto Mekong]] unachukua nafasi muhimu katika usafirishaji, umwagiliaji, na uzalishaji wa [[nishati]], ukiwa na miradi kadhaa mikubwa ya umeme wa maji inayotoa umeme kwa matumizi ya ndani na kuuza nje kwa nchi jirani.<ref name='e1'/> Katika miongo ya hivi karibuni, Laos imefuata mageuzi yanayozingatia soko huku ikibaki na mfumo wa kiujamaa wa chama kimoja. [[Serikali]] imehimiza uwekezaji wa kigeni katika sekta kama [[nishati]], uchimbaji [[madini]], na [[miundombinu]], huku [[China]], [[Uthai]], na [[Vietnam]] zikichangia uwekezaji mkubwa. [[Utalii]] pia ni sekta muhimu, ukivutia wageni kwa mandhari ya asili ya Laos, mahekalu ya [[Ubudha|Kibuddha]], na sherehe za [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]]. Nchi hii ni mwanachama wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[ASEAN]], ambayo imechangia kuongeza biashara na ushirikiano wa [[Uchumi|kiuchumi]] Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia. Licha ya ukuaji thabiti, Laos inakabiliwa na changamoto kama ukosefu wa utofauti wa viwanda, utegemezi wa [[mauzo ya nje]], na upungufu wa miundombinu katika maeneo ya vijijini. Nchi hii pia inakabiliwa na mabadiliko ya bei za bidhaa na athari za kimazingira kutokana na miradi mikubwa ya umeme wa maji. Hata hivyo, kwa uwekezaji unaoendelea katika [[nishati]], usafirishaji, na viungo vya biashara vya kikanda, Laos inaendelea kukuza uchumi wake, ikilenga kupunguza [[umaskini]], kuboresha viwango vya maisha, na kujumuika kikamilifu zaidi katika uchumi wa kikanda na wa kimataifa. == Tazama pia == * [[Mto Mekong]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} * {{wikiatlas|Laos}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/Laos}} * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/LA.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/LA.html |date=20201017012757 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|la|Laos}} * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1154621.stm Country Profile] at ''[[BBC News]]'' * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/laos.htm Laos] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/laos.htm |date=20090204123711 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/330219/Laos Laos] at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]'' * [http://www.tageo.com/index-e-la.htm Laos] at Tageo ;Specialist * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170721150059/http://www.tourismlaos.org/ Laos National Tourism Administration] * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=LA Key Development Forecasts for Laos] from [[International Futures]] {{Asia}} [[Jamii:Laos| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Nchi zinazotumia lugha ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] rxw1dcs4bxn0y5sh1tmkwybda42bajn 0 7321 1611988 1599959 2026-10-30T06:20:13Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi]] Added 1611988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kuhusu|Jamhuri ya Korea|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea|Korea Kaskazini}} {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_asili = 대한민국 ''Daehan Minguk'' |jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Korea |common_name = Korea ya Kusini |bendera = Flag of South Korea.svg |nembo = Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg |symbol_type = Nembo |ramani = South Korea (orthographic projection).svg |kauli_mbiu = 널리 인간을 이롭게 하라 <small>"Lete faida kwa watu wote" |wimbo_wa_taifa = "''[[Aegukga]]''" |lugha_rasmi = [[Kikorea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정] |trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on 3 February 2016 |language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=July 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311124649/http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |url-status=live }}</ref> |mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Seoul]] |latd=37 |latm=35 |latNS=N |longd=127 |longm=0 |longEW=E |serikali = [[Jamhuri]] |cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] |cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] |kiongozi1 = Yoon Suk Yeol |kiongozi2 = Han Duck-soo |kabila = {{Plainlist| *94.8% Wakorea *5.2% Nyingine}}<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:출입국통계 |url=https://www.moj.go.kr/moj/2412/subview.do |website=Ministry of Justice |access-date=April 4, 2025 |language=ko}}</ref> |dini = {{Plainlist| * 51% [[Wasio na dini]] * 31% [[Ukristo]] * 17% [[Ubudha]] * 2% Nyingine}}<ref name="2024 religion"/> |cheo_eneo = ya 108 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |eneo_jumla = 100,210<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-south/#geography|title=South Korea|date=February 27, 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=February 24, 2023|archive-date=January 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-korea#geography|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="South Korea country profile">{{cite web |title=South Korea country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563 |website=BBC News |access-date=October 17, 2023 |date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=January 27, 2024 |archive_url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127202409/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563 |url-status=live }}</ref> |areami² = 38,691 |asilimia_maji = 0.3 |watu_kadirio = 50,617,045<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Korea South|access-date=September 24, 2022}}</ref> |cheo_watu = ya 26 |mwaka_kadirio = Julai 2014 |msongamano = 505.1 (ya 13) |population_densitymi² = 1,308.2 |plt_ppp = {{increase}} $3.258 Trilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.KR">{{Rejea tovuti |title=World Economic Outlook Database October 2025 |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=www.imf.org}}</ref> |mwaka_pato = 2024 |plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $62,960<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |plt = {{increase}} $1.95 Trilioni (ya 12)<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $37,365<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |gini = {{OngezekoHasi}} 33.3<ref name="auto">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=OECD|access-date=July 17, 2021|archive-date=July 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |mwaka_gini = 2021 |muundo_uhuru = '''Iliundwa''' |tukio1 = Ufalme wa [[Gojoseon]] |tukio2 = Tangazo la uhuru bado chini ya [[Japani]] |tukio3 = Ukombozi kutoka utawala wa Japani<br /> Jamhuri ya kwanza<br />ilitambuliwa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] |tukio1_tarehe = [[3 Oktoba]] |tukio2_tarehe = [[2333 KK]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[1 Machi]] [[1919]] [[15 Agosti]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[1945]] [[15 Agosti]] [[1948]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[12 Desemba]] [[1948]] |hdi = {{increase}} 0.929 (ya 19)</br> {{juu sana}}<ref name="HDI">{{Rejea tovuti |date=May 6, 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |language=en}}</ref> |orodha_hdi = ya 19 |mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |sarafu = [[Won ya Korea Kusini]] |majira_saa = +9 |time_zone_DST = -- |utc_offset_DST = +9 |mtandao = [[.kr]] |msimbo_wa_simu = 82 }} '''Korea Kusini''' (jina rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya Korea'''; 대한민국 kwa [[Kikorea]]) ni nchi iliyoko [[Asia ya Mashariki]], upande wa kusini wa [[Rasi ya Korea]]. Korea Kusini ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 52, na inashika nafasi ya 28 kwa kuwa na idadi kubwa ya watu duniani. Korea Kusini inapakana na [[Korea Kaskazini]] upande wa kaskazini na inazungukwa na [[Bahari ya Japani]] (Bahari ya Mashariki) upande wa mashariki, [[Bahari Njano]] upande wa magharibi, na [[Mlango wa Korea]] upande wa kusini. Ina jumla ya eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 100,210 lakini yenye maendeleo makubwa. Mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Seoul]], jiji kuu la kimataifa na kituo cha kitamaduni, kiuchumi, na kisiasa cha taifa hilo. Korea Kusini inajulikana kwa ukuaji wake wa haraka wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] na maendeleo ya [[teknolojia|kiteknolojia]], hasa tangu miaka ya 1970. Mara nyingi huitwa moja ya “''Punda mila za Asia,''” (Asian Tigers) nchi hii ilibadilika kutoka [[uchumi]] uliokumbwa na [[vita]] hadi kuwa mojawapo ya [[nchi]] zenye [[uchumi]] mkubwa na wenye nguvu [[dunia|duniani]]. Ni kiongozi wa kimataifa katika sekta kama vile vifaa vya [[elektroniki]], [[gari|magari]], uundaji wa meli, na chuma. Makampuni makubwa kama [[Samsung]], [[Hyundai]], na [[LG]] yana makao yake makuu humo. Korea Kusini pia ina kiwango cha juu cha maisha, mfumo imara wa [[elimu]], na miundombinu bora, ikiwa ni pamoja na mtandao wa intaneti unaoongoza kwa kasi duniani. [[Utamaduni|Kiutamaduni]], Korea Kusini imepata ushawishi mkubwa duniani kupitia muziki wake, [[sinema]], mitindo, na vyakula, jambo linalojulikana kama “''Wimbi la Kikorea''” au ''Hallyu''. Muziki wa ''K-pop'', tamthilia za Kikorea, na filamu zimevutia hadhira kubwa ya kimataifa, na vyakula vya Kikorea kama ''kimchi'', ''bulgogi'', na ''bibimbap'' ni maarufu kote ulimwenguni. Korea Kusini ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[kidemokrasia]] yenye [[rais]] kama mkuu wa nchi na waziri mkuu kama mkuu wa serikali. Ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[G20]], [[OECD]], na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa, na ina mchango mkubwa katika masuala ya kikanda na kimataifa. Korea Kusini iko [[Asia ya Mashariki]], ikichukua sehemu ya kusini ya [[Rasi ya Korea]]. Ikiwa na eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 100,210, nchi hiyo ina maeneo mengi ya milima, huku safu za milima za Taebaek na Sobaek zikiwa miongoni mwa sifa zake kuu za kijiografia. Sehemu yake ya juu zaidi ni [[Mlima Hallasan]] (mita 1,947), mlima wa volkeno ulioko kwenye Kisiwa cha Jeju. Mito mikuu ni pamoja na Nakdong, Han na Geum. Maeneo ya magharibi na kusini yana tambarare pana za pwani, ukanda wa pwani wenye mikunjo mingi na visiwa vingi, ilhali eneo la mashariki lina sifa ya milima mikali na ukanda mwembamba kiasi wa pwani. Korea Kusini ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya wastani yenye majira manne tofauti yanayoathiriwa na monsuni ya [[Asia Mashariki]]. Majira ya kiangazi huwa ya joto na unyevunyevu mwingi, huku majira ya baridi yakiwa ya baridi na makavu kiasi. ==Historia== {{Main|Historia ya Korea Kusini}} [[File:View of seoul circa 1900.jpg|thumb|Mji wa Seoul ulivyokuwa mwaka 1900 hivi.]] Historia ya Korea Kusini ni sehemu ya [[historia]] pana ya [[Rasi ya Korea]], ambayo imekaliwa na [[binadamu]] kwa maelfu ya miaka. === Kipindi cha Mwanzo na Uundaji wa Awali=== Mwanzo wa [[ustaarabu]] wa Korea huhusishwa kijadi na kuanzishwa kwa Gojoseon mnamo mwaka [[2333 KK]], ikifuatiwa na kuibuka kwa [[Falme Tatu za Korea]]: ''[[Goguryeo]], [[Baekje]], na [[Silla]]'' katika [[karne]] za mwanzo [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]]. Falme hizo zilishindania [[mamlaka]] hadi Silla, kwa msaada wa [[nasaba ya Tang]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]], ilipounganisha sehemu kubwa ya [[rasi]] hiyo katika [[karne ya 7]]. Katika kipindi hicho, jamii za awali zilijikita katika [[kilimo]] cha mwanzo, uundaji wa [[zana]] za [[chuma]], na [[maendeleo]] ya mifumo ya kijamii iliyochangia kuibuka kwa madola ya mwanzo na [[Utambulisho wa nchi|utambulisho]] wa kitamaduni wa Wakorea. === Nasaba za Goryeo na Joseon === Baadaye ilifuata nasaba ya [[Goryeo]] (918–1392), iliyotoa [[jina]] la kisasa la Korea, na [[nasaba ya Joseon]] (1392–1897), dola la muda mrefu lililotawaliwa kwa misingi ya [[Ukonfusio]] na kujulikana kwa mafanikio ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]], ikiwemo uundaji wa [[mwandiko]] wa [[Kikorea]], [[Hangul]]. Katika enzi hizo, kulikuwa na maendeleo makubwa katika nyanja za [[elimu]], [[sayansi]], na [[fasihi]], pamoja na kuimarika kwa mfumo wa [[utawala]] wa kifalme uliotegemea [[Ofisa|maafisa]] wasomi, hali iliyosaidia kuunda [[jamii]] yenye mpangilio thabiti na [[urithi]] mkubwa wa kitamaduni. === Kipindi cha Mgogoro (kabla ya Ukoloni) === Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], Korea ilikabiliwa na shinikizo kubwa kutoka kwa [[Taifa|mataifa]] ya kigeni, hasa [[Japani]]. Kipindi hicho kilishuhudia pia kuongezeka kwa ushawishi wa [[Ustaarabu wa magharibi|mataifa ya Magharibi]] na China katika [[siasa]] za ndani za Korea, hali iliyodhoofisha mamlaka ya kifalme na kusababisha mabadiliko ya kijamii na ya kiuchumi yaliyokuwa yakibadilisha muundo wa jamii ya Korea kwa kasi. === Kipindi cha Ukoloni (1910 – 1945) === Mwaka [[1910]], Korea iliunganishwa rasmi na Japani na kubaki chini ya utawala wa [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]] hadi mwisho wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] mwaka [[1945]]. Katika kipindi hicho, sera za ukoloni zililenga kuunganisha Korea kiutawala na kiuchumi na Japani, huku pia zikidhibiti utamaduni wa wenyeji, jambo lililosababisha upinzani wa kitaifa na [[harakati]] mbalimbali za kupigania [[uhuru]] miongoni mwa Wakorea. === Kipindi cha Mgawanyiko na Vita=== Kwenye mwisho wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia [[jeshi]] la Urusi liliwafuata Wajapani [[kaskazini]] mwa [[rasi]] na [[Wamarekani]] waliingia [[kusini]]. Hivyo baada ya kushindwa kwa Japani, rasi hiyo iligawanywa katika mstari wa [[Latitudo|latitudo]] ya 38 kuwa [[Korea Kaskazini]] iliyoungwa mkono na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] na Korea Kusini iliyoungwa mkono na [[Marekani]]. Mgawanyiko huo ulisababisha [[Vita ya Korea|Vita vya Korea]] (1950–1953), [[vita]] vikali vilivyomalizika kwa makubaliano ya kusitisha mapigano badala ya [[mkataba wa amani]], na hivyo kuacha rasi hiyo ikiwa bado katika hali ya vita kisheria na kugawanyika katika mataifa mawili tofauti. Athari za vita zilikuwa kubwa juu ya uchumi, [[miundombinu]], na maisha ya mamilioni ya watu katika pande zote mbili za rasi. Mwanzoni kulikuwa na majadiliano ya kuunganisha Korea tena lakini [[Vita Baridi]] ilileta uadui kati ya pande hizo mbili. Kila moja ilianzisha [[serikali]] ya pekee katika kanda la [[utawala]] wake kufuatana na [[itikadi]] yake. Warusi walitaifisha tasnia na [[ardhi]] wakaacha serikali ya [[ukomunisti|kikomunisti]] katika kaskazini na Wamarekani waliacha [[uchumi]] wa [[Ubepari|kibepari]] na serikali iliyochaguliwa katika kusini. === Kipindi cha Maendeleo ya Kisasa na Sasa === Baada ya vita, Korea Kusini ilipitia miongo ya misukosuko ya kisiasa na utawala wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], sambamba na maendeleo ya haraka ya uchumi yaliyojulikana kama ''Muujiza wa Mto Han.'' Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1980]], [[maandamano]] makubwa ya wananchi yalisababisha [[mageuzi]] na kuanzishwa kwa [[serikali]] thabiti ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]]. Leo, Korea Kusini ni moja ya uchumi mkubwa [[Dunia|duniani]] na nguvu kuu ya kitamaduni na ya [[Teknolojia|kiteknolojia]], ikijulikana kwa ushawishi wake katika sekta kama vile [[Kifaa|vifaa]] vya [[elektroniki|kielektroniki]], [[Motokaa|magari]], na [[burudani]], pamoja na jamii yake hai ya kidemokrasia. Mafanikio haya yameifanya kuwa mfano wa maendeleo ya haraka kutoka taifa lililoathiriwa na vita hadi kuwa nchi iliyoendelea kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Demografia== Wakazi wengi (94.8 %) ni Wakorea asili. Wachina ni 1.8 %, lakini wengi wao wana asili ya Korea. [[Idadi]] ya watu inaelekea kupungua kutokana na [[uzazi]] kuwa wa nadra mno (watoto 9 kwa watu 1,000ǃ). [[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kikorea]]. === Dini === Kiasili watu wa Korea walifuata [[dini ya jadi]] iliyoheshimu pepo mbalimbali na kutoa [[sadaka]] kama njia za kuwapatanisha. Tangu [[karne ya 4]] [[Ubuddha]] uliingia kutoka China ukawa [[dini rasmi]]. [[Ukonfusio]] ulifuata tangu [[karne ya 13]]. [[Ukristo]] ulingia pia kutoka China ukaanza kukua zaidi tangu [[karne ya 19]]. Siku hizi 51[[Asilimia|%]] ya Wakorea wa kusini wanasema hawana dini. Sehemu kubwa wanakadiriwa kuwa wafuasi wa [[Konfusio]] lakini hawajiiti "wanadini". Ukristo ni kundi kubwa la kidini ukiwa na 31% za Wakorea wa Kusini, wakiwemo [[Waprotestanti]] (20%) na [[Wakatoliki]] (11%). Wabuddha ni kama 17%. Kuna pia wafuasi wachache wa [[dini]] nyingine mbalimbali (2%). ===Mikoa=== Kuna mikoa tisa nchini Korea Kusini, zikiwemo: *[[Chungcheongbuk-do]] *[[Chungcheongnam-do]] *[[Gangwon-do]] *[[Gyeonggi-do]] *[[Gyeongsangbuk-do]] *[[Gyeongsangnam-do]] *[[Jeju-do]] *[[Jeollabuk-do]] *[[Jeollanam-do]] == Uchumi == Korea Kusini ina mojawapo ya [[uchumi]] wenye nguvu na maendeleo zaidi [[dunia|duniani]], mara nyingi ikitambulika kama uchumi wa mapato makubwa unaolenga [[Mauzo ya nje|kuuza nje]]. Baada ya [[Vita vya Korea]] (1950–1953), nchi ilikuwa hasa ya [[kilimo]] na chini ya maendeleo, lakini kupitia mpango mfululizo wa maendeleo ulioongozwa na serikali kuanzia miaka ya 1960, ilikua viwandani na kisasa haraka. Leo, Korea Kusini inajulikana kwa sekta yake yenye nguvu ya viwanda, hasa katika elektroniki, magari, ujenzi wa meli, chuma, na kemikali. Uchumi wake unategemea sana [[mauzo ya nje]], ambayo yanachangia sehemu kubwa ya [[Pato la Taifa]] (GDP). Sifa ya mafanikio ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] ya Korea Kusini ni msisitizo wake kwenye [[teknolojia]], ubunifu, na makampuni makubwa yanayomilikiwa na familia zinazoitwa ''chaebols'', ikiwemo [[Samsung]], [[Hyundai]], na [[LG]]. Nchi hii inawekeza kwa kiasi kikubwa katika utafiti na maendeleo, [[elimu]], na miundombinu, ikikuza nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi inayosaidia viwanda vya [[teknolojia]] ya juu na ushindani wa kimataifa. Sekta ya teknolojia ya taarifa, na ubunifu wa kidijitali ni nguzo kuu ya ukuaji wa uchumi wa Korea Kusini, ikifanya iwe kiongozi katika elektroniki na mawasiliano duniani. [[Biashara]] na ujumuishaji wa kimataifa ni muhimu kwa uchumi wa Korea Kusini. Washirika wake wakuu wa kibiashara ni [[China]], [[Marekani]], [[Japani]], na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na nchi hii husafirisha bidhaa mbalimbali, ikiwemo elektroniki, magari, mashine, na meli. Ingawa Korea Kusini imepata ukuaji wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] wa ajabu, inakabiliwa na changamoto kama idadi ya wazee inayoongezeka, utegemezi wa mauzo ya nje, na kuongezeka kwa madeni ya kaya. Licha ya changamoto hizi, nchi hii ina uchumi thabiti na wenye ubunifu unaoshiriki nafasi muhimu katika soko la dunia. == Siasa == Siasa za Korea Kusini zinaendeshwa chini ya mfumo wa [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya urais uliowekwa katika Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Korea. Rais ni mkuu wa nchi na pia mkuu wa [[serikali]], na huchaguliwa moja kwa moja na wananchi kwa kipindi kimoja cha miaka mitano. Tawi la utendaji linasaidiwa na [[Waziri Mkuu]] na Baraza la Nchi, ambalo husaidia katika uratibu wa utawala. Korea Kusini ina [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], ambapo ushindani wa kisiasa unatawaliwa zaidi na vyama vikuu vya kihafidhina na vya kiliberali. Tawi la kutunga [[sheria]] ni Bunge la Kitaifa, ambalo ni chombo cha bunge moja chenye wajumbe wanaochaguliwa kupitia mchanganyiko wa majimbo ya mjumbe mmoja na uwakilishi wa uwiano. Bunge lina jukumu la kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha bajeti, na kusimamia tawi la utendaji. Mahakama ni huru, na Mahakama Kuu ndiyo mahakama ya juu zaidi, huku Mahakama ya Katiba ikiwa na jukumu la kuchunguza uhalali wa [[katiba|kikatiba]] wa sheria na hatua za serikali. Uchaguzi hufanyika mara kwa mara na huzingatiwa kuwa wa ushindani na uwazi kulingana na viwango vya kidemokrasia. Siasa za Korea Kusini huathiriwa na masuala kadhaa muhimu, ikiwemo usalama wa taifa hasa uhusiano na [[Korea Kaskazini]], sera za uchumi, ustawi wa jamii, kupambana na ufisadi, na changamoto za idadi ya watu kama kuzeeka kwa jamii. Mjadala wa kisiasa huathiriwa pia na mifumo ya upigaji kura ya kikanda, mgawanyiko wa kiitikadi kati ya makundi ya maendeleo na kihafidhina, na maoni ya umma kuhusu usawa wa kiuchumi na gharama za makazi. Korea Kusini pia ina jukumu muhimu katika diplomasia ya kimataifa, hasa [[Asia ya Mashariki]], na kupitia ushirikiano kama ule na [[Marekani]] pamoja na uanachama katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|South Korea}} * {{en}} [http://www.korea.net Korea.net: Gateway to Korea] portal from the KOIS government agency; tovuti rasmi * [http://www.trifood.com/food.html Discover Korea and its cuisine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.trifood.com/food.html |date=20100724120605}} * [http://www.worknplay.co.kr/Information/ Information about Working and Living in South Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worknplay.co.kr/Information/ |date=20070703060951}} * [http://www.defencetalk.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3967 South Korean Military Pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3967 |date=20070927184910}} DefenceTalk * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1123668.stm BBC News - ''Country Profile: South Korea''] * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Korea,-South Encyclopaedia Britannica, South Korea - Country Page] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html CIA World Factbook - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html |date=20150703194347}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000815220032/http://www.guardian.co.uk/korea/0,2759,331519,00.html Guardian Unlimited - ''Special Report: North and South Korea''] * [http://www.nso.go.kr/eng2006/emain/index.html Korea National Statistical Office] * [http://www.koreapeacenetwork.info/index.htm Korea Peace Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koreapeacenetwork.info/index.htm |date=20061209195423}} summary of past/current American policy towards Korea * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html Library of Congress - ''Country Study: South Korea''] data as of Juni 1990 * [http://korea.assembly.go.kr/index.jsp National Assembly] official site * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/South_Korea/ Open Directory Project - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/South_Korea/ |date=20061218070548}} directory category * [http://www.tour2korea.com/ Tour2Korea] operated by Korea National Tourism Organization * {{wikivoyage|South Korea}} * [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Korea__South/ Yahoo! - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Korea__South/ |date=20061217061545}} directory category * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906013836/http://news.yahoo.com/fc/World/South_Korea Yahoo! News - ''Full Coverage: South Korea''] * [http://wiki.galbijim.com Galbijim Wiki for expats in Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://wiki.galbijim.com/ |date=20061218031411 }} * [http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/southkorea.php South Korea main cities satellite views and latitude and longitude coordinates] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/southkorea.php |date=20100204112922}} {{Asia}} [[Jamii:Korea Kusini| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Asia ya Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] ss4irxmedz9tadhcmupwmyw6c2f2jku 1611990 1611988 2026-10-30T06:26:09Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ Cite 1611990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kuhusu|Jamhuri ya Korea|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Watu wa Korea|Korea Kaskazini}} {{Jedwali la nchi |jina_asili = 대한민국 ''Daehan Minguk'' |jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Korea |common_name = Korea ya Kusini |bendera = Flag of South Korea.svg |nembo = Coat_of_arms_of_South_Korea.svg |symbol_type = Nembo |ramani = South Korea (orthographic projection).svg |kauli_mbiu = 널리 인간을 이롭게 하라 <small>"Lete faida kwa watu wote" |wimbo_wa_taifa = "''[[Aegukga]]''" |lugha_rasmi = [[Kikorea]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |script-title=ko:[시행 2016.8.4.] [법률 제13978호, 2016.2.3., 제정] |trans-title=Enforcement 2016.8.4. Law No. 13978, enacted on 3 February 2016 |language=ko |year=2016 |access-date=July 26, 2017 |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311124649/http://www.law.go.kr/%EB%B2%95%EB%A0%B9/%ED%95%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%88%98%ED%99%94%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%B2%95/(13978,20160203) |url-status=live }}</ref> |mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Seoul]] |latd=37 |latm=35 |latNS=N |longd=127 |longm=0 |longEW=E |serikali = [[Jamhuri]] |cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Rais]] |cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Waziri Mkuu]] |kiongozi1 = Yoon Suk Yeol |kiongozi2 = Han Duck-soo |kabila = {{Plainlist| *94.8% Wakorea *5.2% Nyingine}}<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ko:출입국통계 |url=https://www.moj.go.kr/moj/2412/subview.do |website=Ministry of Justice |access-date=April 4, 2025 |language=ko}}</ref> |dini = {{Plainlist| * 51% [[Wasio na dini]] * 31% [[Ukristo]] * 17% [[Ubudha]] * 2% Nyingine}}<ref name="2024 religion"/> |cheo_eneo = ya 108 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |eneo_jumla = 100,210<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/korea-south/#geography|title=South Korea|date=February 27, 2023|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|via=CIA.gov|access-date=February 24, 2023|archive-date=January 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110072816/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-korea#geography|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="South Korea country profile">{{cite web |title=South Korea country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563 |website=BBC News |access-date=October 17, 2023 |date=October 17, 2023 |archive-date=January 27, 2024 |archive_url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240127202409/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15289563 |url-status=live }}</ref> |areami² = 38,691 |asilimia_maji = 0.3 |watu_kadirio = 50,617,045<ref>{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Korea South|access-date=September 24, 2022}}</ref> |cheo_watu = ya 26 |mwaka_kadirio = Julai 2014 |msongamano = 505.1 (ya 13) |population_densitymi² = 1,308.2 |plt_ppp = {{increase}} $3.258 Trilioni<ref name="IMFWEO.KR">{{Rejea tovuti |title=World Economic Outlook Database October 2025 |url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0) |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=www.imf.org}}</ref> |mwaka_pato = 2024 |plt_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $62,960<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |plt = {{increase}} $1.95 Trilioni (ya 12)<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |plt_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $37,365<ref name="IMFWEO.KR" /> |gini = {{OngezekoHasi}} 33.3<ref name="auto">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|title=Inequality – Income inequality – OECD Data|publisher=OECD|access-date=July 17, 2021|archive-date=July 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701171540/https://data.oecd.org/inequality/income-inequality.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |mwaka_gini = 2021 |muundo_uhuru = '''Iliundwa''' |tukio1 = Ufalme wa [[Gojoseon]] |tukio2 = Tangazo la uhuru bado chini ya [[Japani]] |tukio3 = Ukombozi kutoka utawala wa Japani<br /> Jamhuri ya kwanza<br />ilitambuliwa na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] |tukio1_tarehe = [[3 Oktoba]] |tukio2_tarehe = [[2333 KK]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[1 Machi]] [[1919]] [[15 Agosti]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[1945]] [[15 Agosti]] [[1948]] |tukio3_tarehe = [[12 Desemba]] [[1948]] |hdi = {{increase}} 0.929 (ya 19)</br> {{juu sana}}<ref name="HDI">{{Rejea tovuti |date=May 6, 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=May 6, 2025 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme |language=en}}</ref> |orodha_hdi = ya 19 |mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 |HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> |sarafu = [[Won ya Korea Kusini]] |majira_saa = +9 |time_zone_DST = -- |utc_offset_DST = +9 |mtandao = [[.kr]] |msimbo_wa_simu = 82 }} '''Korea Kusini''' (jina rasmi: '''Jamhuri ya Korea'''; 대한민국 kwa [[Kikorea]]) ni nchi iliyoko [[Asia ya Mashariki]], upande wa kusini wa [[Rasi ya Korea]]. Korea Kusini ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 52, na inashika nafasi ya 28 kwa kuwa na idadi kubwa ya watu duniani. Korea Kusini inapakana na [[Korea Kaskazini]] upande wa kaskazini na inazungukwa na [[Bahari ya Japani]] (Bahari ya Mashariki) upande wa mashariki, [[Bahari Njano]] upande wa magharibi, na [[Mlango wa Korea]] upande wa kusini. Ina jumla ya eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 100,210 lakini yenye maendeleo makubwa. Mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Seoul]], jiji kuu la kimataifa na kituo cha kitamaduni, kiuchumi, na kisiasa cha taifa hilo. Korea Kusini inajulikana kwa ukuaji wake wa haraka wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] na maendeleo ya [[teknolojia|kiteknolojia]], hasa tangu miaka ya 1970. Mara nyingi huitwa moja ya “''Punda mila za Asia,''” (Asian Tigers) nchi hii ilibadilika kutoka [[uchumi]] uliokumbwa na [[vita]] hadi kuwa mojawapo ya [[nchi]] zenye [[uchumi]] mkubwa na wenye nguvu [[dunia|duniani]]. Ni kiongozi wa kimataifa katika sekta kama vile vifaa vya [[elektroniki]], [[gari|magari]], uundaji wa meli, na chuma. Makampuni makubwa kama [[Samsung]], [[Hyundai]], na [[LG]] yana makao yake makuu humo. Korea Kusini pia ina kiwango cha juu cha maisha, mfumo imara wa [[elimu]], na miundombinu bora, ikiwa ni pamoja na mtandao wa intaneti unaoongoza kwa kasi duniani. [[Utamaduni|Kiutamaduni]], Korea Kusini imepata ushawishi mkubwa duniani kupitia muziki wake, [[sinema]], mitindo, na vyakula, jambo linalojulikana kama “''Wimbi la Kikorea''” au ''Hallyu''. Muziki wa ''K-pop'', tamthilia za Kikorea, na filamu zimevutia hadhira kubwa ya kimataifa, na vyakula vya Kikorea kama ''kimchi'', ''bulgogi'', na ''bibimbap'' ni maarufu kote ulimwenguni. Korea Kusini ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[kidemokrasia]] yenye [[rais]] kama mkuu wa nchi na waziri mkuu kama mkuu wa serikali. Ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]], [[G20]], [[OECD]], na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa, na ina mchango mkubwa katika masuala ya kikanda na kimataifa. Korea Kusini iko [[Asia ya Mashariki]], ikichukua sehemu ya kusini ya [[Rasi ya Korea]]. Ikiwa na eneo la takriban kilomita za mraba 100,210, nchi hiyo ina maeneo mengi ya milima, huku safu za milima za Taebaek na Sobaek zikiwa miongoni mwa sifa zake kuu za kijiografia. Sehemu yake ya juu zaidi ni [[Mlima Hallasan]] (mita 1,947), mlima wa volkeno ulioko kwenye Kisiwa cha Jeju. Mito mikuu ni pamoja na Nakdong, Han na Geum. Maeneo ya magharibi na kusini yana tambarare pana za pwani, ukanda wa pwani wenye mikunjo mingi na visiwa vingi, ilhali eneo la mashariki lina sifa ya milima mikali na ukanda mwembamba kiasi wa pwani. Korea Kusini ina [[hali ya hewa]] ya wastani yenye majira manne tofauti yanayoathiriwa na monsuni ya [[Asia Mashariki]]. Majira ya kiangazi huwa ya joto na unyevunyevu mwingi, huku majira ya baridi yakiwa ya baridi na makavu kiasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Geography of South Korea|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Korea|website=www.britannica.com|publisher=Britannica|date=2026-10-29|access-date=2026-10-30|lang=en}}</ref> ==Historia== {{Main|Historia ya Korea Kusini}} [[File:View of seoul circa 1900.jpg|thumb|Mji wa Seoul ulivyokuwa mwaka 1900 hivi.]] Historia ya Korea Kusini ni sehemu ya [[historia]] pana ya [[Rasi ya Korea]], ambayo imekaliwa na [[binadamu]] kwa maelfu ya miaka. === Kipindi cha Mwanzo na Uundaji wa Awali=== Mwanzo wa [[ustaarabu]] wa Korea huhusishwa kijadi na kuanzishwa kwa Gojoseon mnamo mwaka [[2333 KK]], ikifuatiwa na kuibuka kwa [[Falme Tatu za Korea]]: ''[[Goguryeo]], [[Baekje]], na [[Silla]]'' katika [[karne]] za mwanzo [[Baada ya Kristo|BK]]. Falme hizo zilishindania [[mamlaka]] hadi Silla, kwa msaada wa [[nasaba ya Tang]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]], ilipounganisha sehemu kubwa ya [[rasi]] hiyo katika [[karne ya 7]]. Katika kipindi hicho, jamii za awali zilijikita katika [[kilimo]] cha mwanzo, uundaji wa [[zana]] za [[chuma]], na [[maendeleo]] ya mifumo ya kijamii iliyochangia kuibuka kwa madola ya mwanzo na [[Utambulisho wa nchi|utambulisho]] wa kitamaduni wa Wakorea. === Nasaba za Goryeo na Joseon === Baadaye ilifuata nasaba ya [[Goryeo]] (918–1392), iliyotoa [[jina]] la kisasa la Korea, na [[nasaba ya Joseon]] (1392–1897), dola la muda mrefu lililotawaliwa kwa misingi ya [[Ukonfusio]] na kujulikana kwa mafanikio ya [[utamaduni|kitamaduni]], ikiwemo uundaji wa [[mwandiko]] wa [[Kikorea]], [[Hangul]]. Katika enzi hizo, kulikuwa na maendeleo makubwa katika nyanja za [[elimu]], [[sayansi]], na [[fasihi]], pamoja na kuimarika kwa mfumo wa [[utawala]] wa kifalme uliotegemea [[Ofisa|maafisa]] wasomi, hali iliyosaidia kuunda [[jamii]] yenye mpangilio thabiti na [[urithi]] mkubwa wa kitamaduni. === Kipindi cha Mgogoro (kabla ya Ukoloni) === Mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]] na mwanzoni mwa [[karne ya 20]], Korea ilikabiliwa na shinikizo kubwa kutoka kwa [[Taifa|mataifa]] ya kigeni, hasa [[Japani]]. Kipindi hicho kilishuhudia pia kuongezeka kwa ushawishi wa [[Ustaarabu wa magharibi|mataifa ya Magharibi]] na China katika [[siasa]] za ndani za Korea, hali iliyodhoofisha mamlaka ya kifalme na kusababisha mabadiliko ya kijamii na ya kiuchumi yaliyokuwa yakibadilisha muundo wa jamii ya Korea kwa kasi. === Kipindi cha Ukoloni (1910 – 1945) === Mwaka [[1910]], Korea iliunganishwa rasmi na Japani na kubaki chini ya utawala wa [[Ukoloni|kikoloni]] hadi mwisho wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] mwaka [[1945]]. Katika kipindi hicho, sera za ukoloni zililenga kuunganisha Korea kiutawala na kiuchumi na Japani, huku pia zikidhibiti utamaduni wa wenyeji, jambo lililosababisha upinzani wa kitaifa na [[harakati]] mbalimbali za kupigania [[uhuru]] miongoni mwa Wakorea. === Kipindi cha Mgawanyiko na Vita=== Kwenye mwisho wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia [[jeshi]] la Urusi liliwafuata Wajapani [[kaskazini]] mwa [[rasi]] na [[Wamarekani]] waliingia [[kusini]]. Hivyo baada ya kushindwa kwa Japani, rasi hiyo iligawanywa katika mstari wa [[Latitudo|latitudo]] ya 38 kuwa [[Korea Kaskazini]] iliyoungwa mkono na [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] na Korea Kusini iliyoungwa mkono na [[Marekani]]. Mgawanyiko huo ulisababisha [[Vita ya Korea|Vita vya Korea]] (1950–1953), [[vita]] vikali vilivyomalizika kwa makubaliano ya kusitisha mapigano badala ya [[mkataba wa amani]], na hivyo kuacha rasi hiyo ikiwa bado katika hali ya vita kisheria na kugawanyika katika mataifa mawili tofauti. Athari za vita zilikuwa kubwa juu ya uchumi, [[miundombinu]], na maisha ya mamilioni ya watu katika pande zote mbili za rasi. Mwanzoni kulikuwa na majadiliano ya kuunganisha Korea tena lakini [[Vita Baridi]] ilileta uadui kati ya pande hizo mbili. Kila moja ilianzisha [[serikali]] ya pekee katika kanda la [[utawala]] wake kufuatana na [[itikadi]] yake. Warusi walitaifisha tasnia na [[ardhi]] wakaacha serikali ya [[ukomunisti|kikomunisti]] katika kaskazini na Wamarekani waliacha [[uchumi]] wa [[Ubepari|kibepari]] na serikali iliyochaguliwa katika kusini. === Kipindi cha Maendeleo ya Kisasa na Sasa === Baada ya vita, Korea Kusini ilipitia miongo ya misukosuko ya kisiasa na utawala wa [[Udikteta|kiimla]], sambamba na maendeleo ya haraka ya uchumi yaliyojulikana kama ''Muujiza wa Mto Han.'' Kuanzia [[miaka ya 1980]], [[maandamano]] makubwa ya wananchi yalisababisha [[mageuzi]] na kuanzishwa kwa [[serikali]] thabiti ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]]. Leo, Korea Kusini ni moja ya uchumi mkubwa [[Dunia|duniani]] na nguvu kuu ya kitamaduni na ya [[Teknolojia|kiteknolojia]], ikijulikana kwa ushawishi wake katika sekta kama vile [[Kifaa|vifaa]] vya [[elektroniki|kielektroniki]], [[Motokaa|magari]], na [[burudani]], pamoja na jamii yake hai ya kidemokrasia. Mafanikio haya yameifanya kuwa mfano wa maendeleo ya haraka kutoka taifa lililoathiriwa na vita hadi kuwa nchi iliyoendelea kiuchumi na kisiasa. ==Demografia== Wakazi wengi (94.8 %) ni Wakorea asili. Wachina ni 1.8 %, lakini wengi wao wana asili ya Korea. [[Idadi]] ya watu inaelekea kupungua kutokana na [[uzazi]] kuwa wa nadra mno (watoto 9 kwa watu 1,000ǃ). [[Lugha rasmi]] na ya kawaida ni [[Kikorea]]. === Dini === Kiasili watu wa Korea walifuata [[dini ya jadi]] iliyoheshimu pepo mbalimbali na kutoa [[sadaka]] kama njia za kuwapatanisha. Tangu [[karne ya 4]] [[Ubuddha]] uliingia kutoka China ukawa [[dini rasmi]]. [[Ukonfusio]] ulifuata tangu [[karne ya 13]]. [[Ukristo]] ulingia pia kutoka China ukaanza kukua zaidi tangu [[karne ya 19]]. Siku hizi 51[[Asilimia|%]] ya Wakorea wa kusini wanasema hawana dini. Sehemu kubwa wanakadiriwa kuwa wafuasi wa [[Konfusio]] lakini hawajiiti "wanadini". Ukristo ni kundi kubwa la kidini ukiwa na 31% za Wakorea wa Kusini, wakiwemo [[Waprotestanti]] (20%) na [[Wakatoliki]] (11%). Wabuddha ni kama 17%. Kuna pia wafuasi wachache wa [[dini]] nyingine mbalimbali (2%). ===Mikoa=== Kuna mikoa tisa nchini Korea Kusini, zikiwemo: *[[Chungcheongbuk-do]] *[[Chungcheongnam-do]] *[[Gangwon-do]] *[[Gyeonggi-do]] *[[Gyeongsangbuk-do]] *[[Gyeongsangnam-do]] *[[Jeju-do]] *[[Jeollabuk-do]] *[[Jeollanam-do]] == Uchumi == Korea Kusini ina mojawapo ya [[uchumi]] wenye nguvu na maendeleo zaidi [[dunia|duniani]], mara nyingi ikitambulika kama uchumi wa mapato makubwa unaolenga [[Mauzo ya nje|kuuza nje]]. Baada ya [[Vita vya Korea]] (1950–1953), nchi ilikuwa hasa ya [[kilimo]] na chini ya maendeleo, lakini kupitia mpango mfululizo wa maendeleo ulioongozwa na serikali kuanzia miaka ya 1960, ilikua viwandani na kisasa haraka. Leo, Korea Kusini inajulikana kwa sekta yake yenye nguvu ya viwanda, hasa katika elektroniki, magari, ujenzi wa meli, chuma, na kemikali. Uchumi wake unategemea sana [[mauzo ya nje]], ambayo yanachangia sehemu kubwa ya [[Pato la Taifa]] (GDP). Sifa ya mafanikio ya [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] ya Korea Kusini ni msisitizo wake kwenye [[teknolojia]], ubunifu, na makampuni makubwa yanayomilikiwa na familia zinazoitwa ''chaebols'', ikiwemo [[Samsung]], [[Hyundai]], na [[LG]]. Nchi hii inawekeza kwa kiasi kikubwa katika utafiti na maendeleo, [[elimu]], na miundombinu, ikikuza nguvu kazi yenye ujuzi inayosaidia viwanda vya [[teknolojia]] ya juu na ushindani wa kimataifa. Sekta ya teknolojia ya taarifa, na ubunifu wa kidijitali ni nguzo kuu ya ukuaji wa uchumi wa Korea Kusini, ikifanya iwe kiongozi katika elektroniki na mawasiliano duniani. [[Biashara]] na ujumuishaji wa kimataifa ni muhimu kwa uchumi wa Korea Kusini. Washirika wake wakuu wa kibiashara ni [[China]], [[Marekani]], [[Japani]], na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], na nchi hii husafirisha bidhaa mbalimbali, ikiwemo elektroniki, magari, mashine, na meli. Ingawa Korea Kusini imepata ukuaji wa [[uchumi|kiuchumi]] wa ajabu, inakabiliwa na changamoto kama idadi ya wazee inayoongezeka, utegemezi wa mauzo ya nje, na kuongezeka kwa madeni ya kaya. Licha ya changamoto hizi, nchi hii ina uchumi thabiti na wenye ubunifu unaoshiriki nafasi muhimu katika soko la dunia. == Siasa == Siasa za Korea Kusini zinaendeshwa chini ya mfumo wa [[jamhuri]] ya [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] ya urais uliowekwa katika Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Korea. Rais ni mkuu wa nchi na pia mkuu wa [[serikali]], na huchaguliwa moja kwa moja na wananchi kwa kipindi kimoja cha miaka mitano. Tawi la utendaji linasaidiwa na [[Waziri Mkuu]] na Baraza la Nchi, ambalo husaidia katika uratibu wa utawala. Korea Kusini ina [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]], ambapo ushindani wa kisiasa unatawaliwa zaidi na vyama vikuu vya kihafidhina na vya kiliberali. Tawi la kutunga [[sheria]] ni Bunge la Kitaifa, ambalo ni chombo cha bunge moja chenye wajumbe wanaochaguliwa kupitia mchanganyiko wa majimbo ya mjumbe mmoja na uwakilishi wa uwiano. Bunge lina jukumu la kutunga [[sheria]], kuidhinisha bajeti, na kusimamia tawi la utendaji. Mahakama ni huru, na Mahakama Kuu ndiyo mahakama ya juu zaidi, huku Mahakama ya Katiba ikiwa na jukumu la kuchunguza uhalali wa [[katiba|kikatiba]] wa sheria na hatua za serikali. Uchaguzi hufanyika mara kwa mara na huzingatiwa kuwa wa ushindani na uwazi kulingana na viwango vya kidemokrasia. Siasa za Korea Kusini huathiriwa na masuala kadhaa muhimu, ikiwemo usalama wa taifa hasa uhusiano na [[Korea Kaskazini]], sera za uchumi, ustawi wa jamii, kupambana na ufisadi, na changamoto za idadi ya watu kama kuzeeka kwa jamii. Mjadala wa kisiasa huathiriwa pia na mifumo ya upigaji kura ya kikanda, mgawanyiko wa kiitikadi kati ya makundi ya maendeleo na kihafidhina, na maoni ya umma kuhusu usawa wa kiuchumi na gharama za makazi. Korea Kusini pia ina jukumu muhimu katika diplomasia ya kimataifa, hasa [[Asia ya Mashariki]], na kupitia ushirikiano kama ule na [[Marekani]] pamoja na uanachama katika mashirika ya kimataifa kama [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] == Marejeo== {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons|South Korea}} * {{en}} [http://www.korea.net Korea.net: Gateway to Korea] portal from the KOIS government agency; tovuti rasmi * [http://www.trifood.com/food.html Discover Korea and its cuisine] {{Wayback|url=http://www.trifood.com/food.html |date=20100724120605}} * [http://www.worknplay.co.kr/Information/ Information about Working and Living in South Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worknplay.co.kr/Information/ |date=20070703060951}} * [http://www.defencetalk.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3967 South Korean Military Pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/forums/showthread.php?t=3967 |date=20070927184910}} DefenceTalk * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/country_profiles/1123668.stm BBC News - ''Country Profile: South Korea''] * [http://www.britannica.com/nations/Korea,-South Encyclopaedia Britannica, South Korea - Country Page] * [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html CIA World Factbook - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ks.html |date=20150703194347}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20000815220032/http://www.guardian.co.uk/korea/0,2759,331519,00.html Guardian Unlimited - ''Special Report: North and South Korea''] * [http://www.nso.go.kr/eng2006/emain/index.html Korea National Statistical Office] * [http://www.koreapeacenetwork.info/index.htm Korea Peace Network] {{Wayback|url=http://www.koreapeacenetwork.info/index.htm |date=20061209195423}} summary of past/current American policy towards Korea * [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/krtoc.html Library of Congress - ''Country Study: South Korea''] data as of Juni 1990 * [http://korea.assembly.go.kr/index.jsp National Assembly] official site * [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/South_Korea/ Open Directory Project - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=http://dmoz.org/Regional/Asia/South_Korea/ |date=20061218070548}} directory category * [http://www.tour2korea.com/ Tour2Korea] operated by Korea National Tourism Organization * {{wikivoyage|South Korea}} * [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Korea__South/ Yahoo! - ''South Korea''] {{Wayback|url=http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Korea__South/ |date=20061217061545}} directory category * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050906013836/http://news.yahoo.com/fc/World/South_Korea Yahoo! News - ''Full Coverage: South Korea''] * [http://wiki.galbijim.com Galbijim Wiki for expats in Korea] {{Wayback|url=http://wiki.galbijim.com/ |date=20061218031411 }} * [http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/southkorea.php South Korea main cities satellite views and latitude and longitude coordinates] {{Wayback|url=http://www.turbomaps.com.ar/english/southkorea.php |date=20100204112922}} {{Asia}} [[Jamii:Korea Kusini| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Nchi za G20]] [[Jamii:Asia ya Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 2qlnsyaypfcbvbzu64b9j2gkf9rrkuj 0 7534 1611998 1573015 2026-10-30T07:01:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country | native_name = ''Ir-Repubblika ta' Malta'' | conventional_long_name = Jamhuri ya Malta | common_name = Malta | image_flag = Flag of Malta.svg | image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Malta.svg | image_map = LocationMalta.png | national_motto = -- | national_anthem = ''[[L-Innu Malti]]'' | official_languages = [[Kimalta]], [[Kiingereza]] | capital = [[Valletta]] |latd=35 |latm=48 |lats=39 |latNS=N |longd=14 |longm=28 |longs=45 |longEW=E | largest_city = [[Birkirkara]] | other_cities = [[Sliema]] | government_type = [[Jamhuri]] | leader_titles = [[Rais wa Malta|Rais]] <br /> [[Waziri Mkuu wa Malta|Waziri Mkuu]] | leader_names = [[George Vella]]<br />[[Robert Abela]] | accessionEUdate = [[1 Mei]] [[2004]] | area_rank = ya 185 <!--rank based on sovereign states only--> | area_magnitude = 1 E8 | area = 316 | areami² = 121 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 0.001 | population_estimate_year = 31 Machi 2013 <!--the following estimate fields are equivalent to the census figures at the moment--> | population_estimate = 446,547 | population_estimate_rank = ya 171 <!--rank based on sovereign states only--> | population_census = 416,055¹ | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density = 1,562 <!--2011 census--> | population_densitymi² = 4,077 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = ya 7 <!--rank based on sovereign states only--> | GDP_PPP_year = 2005 | GDP_PPP = $7.574 billioni | GDP_PPP_rank = ya 144 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $19,302 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ya 37 | HDI_year = 2004 | HDI = 0.875 | HDI_rank = ya 3 | HDI_category = <font color="#009900">high</font> | sovereignty_type = [[Uhuru]] | established_events = Kutoka [[Uingereza]]<br /> Jamhuri | established_dates = <br /> [[21 Septemba]] [[1964]]<br />[[13 Desemba]] [[1974]] | currency = [[Lira ya Malta]] (Lm)<br /><small>([[Euro]] kuanzia Januari 2008) | currency_code = MTL | country_code = MLT | time_zone = [[Wakati wa Ulaya ya Kati|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | time_zone_DST = [[Wakati wa kiangazi wa Ulaya ya Kati|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | cctld = [[.mt]] ² | calling_code = 356 | GDP_nominal_year = 2005 | GDP_nominal = US$5.369 billioni (Lm 1.936 billioni) | GDP_nominal_rank = ya 120 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $13,683 (Lm4,927) | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ya 35 | *Other* religion = [[Ukristo wa kikatoliki]] | percent_religion = 98<!--source: CIA World Factbook, Agosti 2006. See external links.--> | }} [[Picha:Malta-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|left|220px|Ramani ya Malta]] [[Picha:Satelite image of Malta.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Malta kutoka angani]] '''Malta''' ni nchi ndogo kwenye [[funguvisiwa]] katikati ya [[bahari]] ya [[Mediteranea]]. Malta iko [[km]] 93 [[kusini]] kwa [[kisiwa]] cha [[Sisilia]] ([[Italia]]), upande wa [[mashariki]] kwa [[Tunisia]] na [[kaskazini]] kwa [[Libya]]. == Jiografia == Funguvisiwa la Malta lina [[Kisiwa|visiwa]] saba. Visiwa vikubwa viwili ni Malta ([[km²]] 246) na [[Gozo]] (km² 70). Kuna kisiwa cha tatu kinachokaliwa na watu, ndicho [[Comino]] (km² 3). Vingine ni vidogo, havina watu. Jumla la eneo ni km² 316. Visiwa vya Malta ni mabaki ya kanda la nchi kavu lililokuwa linaunganisha [[Afrika]] na [[Ulaya]] na lililokatwa na kupanda kwa [[usawa wa bahari]] tangu [[mwaka]] [[11000 KK]] hivi. [[File:Mellieha Bay beach Malta 1.jpg|thumb|Pwani ya ''Mellieħa Bay''.]] Sehemu za juu ni [[kilima|vilima]] vya [[Dingli Cliffs]] vyenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 245 juu ya [[UB]]. Tatizo kubwa la Malta ni uhaba wa [[maji baridi]]. Siku hizi vituo vinne vya kuondoa [[chumvi]] kwenye [[maji]] ya bahari kwa njia ya [[osmosi]] vinatengeneza [[maji ya kunywa]]. [[Maji machafu]] husafishwa na [[mvua]] kukusanywa. == Miji == [[Picha:St Sebastian Curtain.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Valletta.]] Miji mikubwa zaidi ni: [[St. Paul's Bay]] (29,097), [[Birkirkara]] (wakazi 21,676), [[Qormi]] (wakazi 18,230), [[Mosta]] (wakazi 17,789), [[Zabbar]] (wakazi 15,030), [[Victoria]] (wakazi 12,914) na [[San Gwann]] (wakazi 12,346). [[Mji mkuu]], [[Valletta]], una wakazi 7,173 tu. == Historia == Malta ilikaliwa na [[watu]] tangu [[milenia ya 4 KK]]. Kuna ma[[gofu]] ya [[hekalu]] la [[mwaka]] [[3200 KK]] hivi. Baadaye [[funguvisiwa]] lilitawaliwa na [[Wafinisia]], [[Karthago]] na [[Dola la Roma]]. Malta inatajwa katika [[Biblia]] kwa sababu [[Mtume Paulo]] aliponea huko baada ya kuzama kwa [[merikebu]] alimosafiri baharini kuelekea [[Roma]] ([[Mdo]] 27:39 n.k.). [[Waarabu]] walivamia [[visiwa]] hivyo mwaka [[870]] na kuvitawala hadi [[1091]]. Baadaye vilitawaliwa na [[Wanormandi]] wa [[Italia Kusini]], halafu na [[Wahispania]] chini ya [[mamlaka]] ya [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]] la [[Ujerumani]]. Tangu mwaka [[1530]] visiwa vilikabidhiwa na [[Kaisari]] kwa [[askari]] wa [[Vita vya msalaba]] wa [[SMOM|Chama cha Wanahospitali wa Mt. Yohane wa Yerusalemu]]. [[Wanamisalaba]] hao walitawala visiwa hivyo hadi [[Napoleoni]] alipoteka Malta mwaka [[1799]] akiwa [[Safari|safarini]] kwenda [[Misri]]. [[Uingereza]] ulitwaa visiwa kutoka kwa [[Ufaransa]] ukatawala Malta hadi [[uhuru]] wake [[tarehe]] [[21 Septemba]] [[1964]]. Tarehe [[13 Desemba]] [[1974]] Malta ikatangazwa kuwa [[jamhuri]] ndani ya [[Jumuiya ya Madola]]. Tarehe [[1 Mei]] [[2004]] nchi ikajiunga na [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]. == Watu == Kwa jumla kuna wakazi 404,039: wa kiume 200,715 (49.7[[Asilimia|%]]) na wa kike 203,324 (50.3%). [[Msongamano]] wa watu ni 1,282 kwa [[kilomita ya mraba]] ambao ni msongamano mkubwa kati ya nchi zote za Ulaya. Katika [[karne ya 21]] nchi imepokwa wahamiaji wengi, ambao kwa sasa ni 23.17% za wakazi wote. [[Lugha]] ya [[Kimalta]] ni lugha ya pekee. [[Asili]] yake ni [[lahaja]] ya [[Kiarabu]] iliyopokea maneno mengi ya [[Kiitalia]], [[Kisisili]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Kihispania]] na [[Kifaransa]]. Ni lugha pekee ya [[Kisemiti]] inayoandikwa rasmi kwa [[alfabeti ya Kilatini]]. [[Lugha rasmi]] ya pili ni [[Kiingereza]] kutokana na miaka 150 ya [[ukoloni]] wa [[Uingereza]]. Wamalta wengi sana (66%) huelewa pia lugha ya nchi kubwa jirani, Italia. wakazi wengi (90%) ni [[Ukristo|Wakristo]], hasa wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] (83%), ambalo [[imani]] yake ndiyo [[dini rasmi]] ya nchi. [[Uislamu|Waislamu]] ni [[asilimia]] 2. ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Marejeo== *{{Rejea kitabu|first=John Anthony|last=Cramer|title=Geographical and Historical Description of Ancient Greece|publisher=Clarendon Press|year=1828|pages=45–46|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=A38OAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover}} *{{cite web |title=Map of Malta and Gozo |work=Street Map of Malta and Gozo |url=http://www.maltastreetmap.com/ |accessdate=10 April 2009 |archivedate=2009-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090716061437/http://www.maltastreetmap.com/ }} *{{cite web |title=Photos of Gozo sister island of Malta |work=Photos of Gozo |url=http://www.gozo.us |accessdate=17 November 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081023015349/http://www.gozo.us/ |archivedate=2008-10-23 }} *{{cite web |title=Photos of Malta |work=Photos of Malta |url=http://www.pvv.org/~bct/malta/ |accessdate=26 May 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630175003/http://www.pvv.org/~bct/malta/ |archivedate=2008-06-30 |url-status=dead}} *{{cite web |title=Malta |work=[[CIA World Factbook]] |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html |accessdate=6 September 2006 |archivedate=2015-10-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010540/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html |=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016010540/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mt.html }} *{{cite web|title=Gov.mt |work=Government of Malta |url=http://www.gov.mt|accessdate=1 November 2005}} *{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Malta|work=MSN Encarta|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html|accessdate=1 November 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091028215840/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html|archivedate=2009-10-28|deadurl=yes}}{{Wayback|url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555566/Malta.html |date=20091028215840 }} *{{Rejea habari|title=1942: Malta gets George Cross for bravery |work=BBC "On this day" |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/15/newsid_3530000/3530301.stm|accessdate=22 June 2006|date=15 April 1942}} *{{Rejea kitabu |first=H. Bowen |last=Jones |author2=et al.|title=Malta Background for Development |publisher=Dhurham College |year=1962 |oclc=204863}} *{{Rejea kitabu |author=Carolyn Bain|title=Malta |url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetmalt00caro|publisher=Lonely Planet Publication |year=2004 |isbn=1-74059-178-X}} *{{Rejea kitabu|author=Paul Williams|title=Malta&nbsp;– Island Under Siege|publisher=Pen and Sword Books|year=2009|isbn=978-1-84884-012-6|url=http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/?product_id=1860|access-date=2014-11-11|archive-date=2014-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140405092820/http://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/?product_id=1860|dead-url=yes}} *Charles Mifsud, The Climatological History of The Maltese Islands, Minerva 1984 *{{Rejea kitabu | last1=Rudolf | first1=Uwe Jens |last2 = Berg |first2 = W. G. | title=Historical Dictionary of Malta | url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000rudo | publisher=Scarecrow Press | location=USA| year=2010| isbn=9780810853171| page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000rudo/page/43 43]| ref=DIC_11}} *{{Rejea kitabu |last=United Nations Development Programme|title=Human Development Report 2005&nbsp;– International cooperation at a crossroads: Aid, trade and security in an unequal world |year=2006 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/ |isbn=0-19-522146-X}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons|Malta}} ; Serikali *[http://www.gov.mt/ Tovuti rasmi] *[http://justiceservices.gov.mt/LOM.aspx?pageid=24 Laws of Malta] The Official Laws of Malta website *[http://www.afm.gov.mt/ The Maltese Armed Forces official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.afm.gov.mt/ |date=20120415023934 }} *[http://www.mepa.org.mt/ Malta Environment and Planning Authority's] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mepa.org.mt/ |date=20081208023159 }} [[GIS]] *[http://www.financemalta.org/ FinanceMalta official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.financemalta.org/ |date=20130128221746 }} ; Taarifa za jumla *[http://www.maltawiki.com/ Malta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maltawiki.com/ |date=20201124112445 }}&nbsp;– Wiki about Malta containing both general and travel related information *{{CIA World Factbook link|mt|Malta}} *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm Malta] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/malta.htm |date=20081015235341 }} from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Malta}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17597837 Malta profile] from the [[BBC News]] *{{Wikiatlas|Malta}} *[http://www.wix.com/btrcameron/migrationmalta Migration Malta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.wix.com/btrcameron/migrationmalta |date=20110406130026 }}&nbsp;– An information source on immigration and Malta (scholarly articles, policy documents, press releases etc.) ; Vyombo vya habari *[http://www.maltamediaonline.com/ MaltaMedia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maltamediaonline.com/ |date=20201009084600 }}&nbsp;– online news *[http://www.timesofmalta.com/ The Times of Malta] *[http://www.mfc.com.mt/ Malta Film Commission] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mfc.com.mt/ |date=20141018234858 }} *[http://bartolomy.com/malta/ Bartolomy's photos of Malta January 2014] {{Wayback|url=http://bartolomy.com/malta/ |date=20150326070352 }} ; Safari *[http://www.visitmalta.com/ Official Maltese Tourism website] *[http://www.maltaattraction.com/ Valletta Living History Official Website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.maltaattraction.com/ |date=20110207154320 }} * [http://www.gozo.us/ Photos, Webcam of Gozo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gozo.us/ |date=20081023015349 }} {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} {{mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Malta| ]] [[Jamii:Visiwa vya Mediteranea]] [[Jamii:Nchi za visiwa]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya Biblia]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Mtume Paulo]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] 11ptp7brxaghvpybxpaetog2g3prgqt 3 14699 1611981 1610155 2026-10-30T05:33:13Z Gayle157 73366 /* Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi */ mjadala mpya 1611981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{archive box collapsible| *[[User:Riccardo Riccioni/Archive 1|Januri 2008 — Juni 9, 2024]] }} ==Fransisko wa Asizi== Riccardo, salam. Nd. Riccardo, ile makala ya Fransisko wa Asizi, umeandika safi sana na inaeleweka. Lakini je vipi kuhusu mwaka aliozaliwa huyu bwana unaujua? Natumai utakuwa umeitafsiri kutoka wiki zingine ama sivyo? Natumai ndivyo!! Basi kama utaweza kuandika mwanzo kabisa mwaka aliozaliwa itakuwa bora zaidi. Labada nikupe mfano mdogo: '''Fransisko wa Asizi''' (tarehe na mwaka aliozaliwa) alikuwa mtakatifu kutoka nchini Italia. Asizi alizaliwa katika mkoa wa Umbria, wilaya ya Perugia, Italia.... Kisha unaweka kama ndugu na mambo mengine!! Haya basi kama hujaelewa labda umwulize Kipala atakupa habari zaidi!! Kingine usisahau kuweka InterWiki katika makala yako kama ipo katika wiki zingine-'''[[w:it:Francesco d'Assisi]]''' (sijui kwa lugha ya Kitaliano wanahitaje) lakini inategemea na lugha vyovyote vile inaswihi. Kingine kuweka vichwa katika makala, hili nenda kaangalie makala yako utaona nimefanya vipi mpaka kimekuja kichwa cha habari-[[Fransisko wa Asizi]]. Sina mengi na nakutakia kheri ya mwaka mpya na furaha tele moyoni!!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|Mwanaharakati]] 05:08, 7 Januari 2008 (UTC) Kuna kitu nimesahau kukueleza. Kuweka jamii au category katika makala, mfano: '''<nowiki>[[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]]</nowiki>''' au '''<nowiki>[[Category:Watakatifu]]</nowiki>''' na nyingine ya mwaka aliozaliwa -unaweka mabano kama hayo kisha unaadika (Waliozaliwa 19 na...) kama kafa unaandika Waliofariki (mwaka aliokufa). Natumai utakuwa umeelewa!!--[[User:Muddyb Blast Producer|Mwanaharakati]] 05:20, 7 Januari 2008 (UTC) == Inquiry == Hello Riccardo. I've seen in article's history (Tafsiri ya Vishazi na Virai ...) that you removed the image that goes with the article. I thought it's a good Wikipedia practice to communicate with you to inquire for the reason. '''[[Mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|Dee Soulza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|majadiliano]])''' 18:03, 8 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Yes, it's a good practice. The reason is that the image was not more visible. I don't know why, but if you can restore its visibility, let you do. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 04:56, 9 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[:File:Sumbawan languages.png]] == Hi Ricardo! helped me to add this Linguistic map of the Sumbawa language to Wikipedia English for the Sumbawa language thanks. [[File:Sumbawan languages.png|thumb|Areas where Sumbawa language is spoken]] [[Maalum:Michango/140.213.127.134|140.213.127.134]] 16:51, 15 Juni 2024 (UTC) Why don't you yourself add it? I see there a editing war... Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:21, 16 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Ha ha ha h aha... Umeona siwe tabu. Dah! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 10:00, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Makala_za_msingi/Sanaa]] == Ndugu [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Unadhani una muda wa kupitia makala za msingi? Pengine ukatafsiri vichwa vya makala? Nitaangalia namna ya kujaza makala hayo. Lakini nitahakikisha yanakuwemo humu. Unisamehe sana kwa usumbufu. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 09:59, 20 Juni 2024 (UTC) :Ndugu, kazi hiyo ni kubwa sana, ila bahati nzuri tulikwishafanya mimi na marehemu wetu mpenzi Kipala. Tazama: [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo]], [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi 1000 - orodha ya awali iliyopanuliwa]], [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo/Zote 1000]]. Sijui kwa nini wanaoandaa edithatons wanaelekeza wahariri wapya kuandika makala juu ya watu wasiojulikana sana au ni maarufu kwa ushoga wao badala ya kutunga kurasa hizi za msingi... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Unisamehe kwa kutunza kumbukumbu zako nje ya mfuko wa majadiliano == Ndugu Riccardo, Kama umetambua hivi sasa majadiliano yako yanaonekana kiduchu sana. Nimeyahifadhi katika nyaraka zako kwa vile ni muhimu sana ziwepo. Pia unisamehe kwa kuja nyumbani na kuvunja vitu pasipo-adabu! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 07:43, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) No problem! Tuko pamoja. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:50, 23 Juni 2024 (UTC) == Pendekezo la kuondoa wakabidhi == Ndugu Riccardo, Kuna pendekezo hapa. Naomba upige kura; https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Pendekezo_la_kuondoa_WAKABIDHI_wasio_hai Amani kwako. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_{'''Muddyb Mwanaharakati'''}</font>]]</span> <font face="Comic sans">[[User talk:Muddyb Blast Producer|<font color="black">^'''Longa'''</font>]] 06:11, 8 Julai 2024 (UTC) == Deleting files == Hello! I can't find the administrators notice board so I write to you because you are the most active admin. All files need a valid license and I noticed that a number of files on [[Maalum:FailiZisizotumika]] does not have a valid license. Some have been nominated for deletion and can be seen in [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]. Perhaps you can have a look and delete the files? The files in [[:Jamii:NowCommons]] can most likely also be deleted. Also GFDL is not a good license for media files so perhaps you can remove it from [[MediaWiki:Licenses]]? --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 17:45, 17 Agosti 2024 (UTC) Please do NOT use page blanking as deletion replacement, but please always DELETE for real. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 13:06, 30 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Ahsante sana bwana Riccardo == '''Kiongozi''', nimefurahishwa sana na marekebisho ya kiufundi uliyoyafanya kwenye makala ya changamoto za Kiswahili. ''Aluta continua.'' Idumu Wikipidia ya Kiswahili''.'' '''[[Mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|Dee Soulza]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Dee Soulza|majadiliano]])''' 16:56, 30 Agosti 2024 (UTC) ==Childbirth== Does SW WP not have an article on childbirth?[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34581#sitelinks-wikipedia]. Not clear why this one was removed?[https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuzaa&action=history] [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 07:08, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :Dear doctor, as you know from the past, the translations you promote have very problems, starting from the titles. We had an article about generation, but not about human childbirth. Now I have transferred your page on kuzaa to a new one about [[kujifungua]], that is human childbirth. No more. We are trying to accept your contributions, though recurrent mistakes, e.g. many links in the text redirecting to English title not existing in Sw Wiki, or missing categories below. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:51, 4 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::Thank you for being willing to collaborate. I am of course working with volunteers and introducing them to Wikipedia. While they are generally language experts / translators they are not Wikipedia experts. ::We can put all articles translated into [[Jamii:Afya]]/[[Jamii:Madawa]] automatically if that would help. Have added attribution to Kujifungua. ::What do you mean by "many links in the text redirecting to English title". The software should automatically be substituting EN link with SW links and if it is not I can file a bug report. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 13:16, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :::Software is a machine... I found such wrong links in your articles, though I had not time to correct all of them. Peace to you, doctor! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Okay found the link issue... Will see what is happening and what we can do to prevent it going forwards. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 13:31, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) :::::E.G. link to [[affect (psychology)]] in the first text of the now redirected Ugonjwa wa kutotulia kihisia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:34, 6 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ::::::Thank you for all your help. We will continue to work on improving our efforts. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 10:14, 9 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Padre Giovanni Losi == Carissimo Riccardo, Pace! Come stai? Io abbastanza bene!!! A dine mese avremo un nuovo parroco, don Andrea Legranzini, proveniente da Boffalora d'Adda. Lo aspettiamo felici!!! Ti chiedo, per favore, un piccolo favore, se potessi aprirmi questa piccola pagina in Swahili. Ri invio una bozza: <nowiki>[[Image:Father Giovanni Losi MCCI.jpg|Right|thumb|220px|Giovanni Losi (1865).]] '''Giovanni Losi''' (amezaliwa [[Caselle Landi]], 29 November 1838 – 27 December 1882) ni alikuwa kasisi wa Kiitaliano na mmisionari [[Kanisa Katoliki|Mkatoliki]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alipewa upadre mwaka 1862, mwaka 1872 alikwenda Sudan pamoja na Daniele Comboni, hadi El-Obeid.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 334</ref> aliandika, pamoja na Padre Bonomi, katekisimu na kamusi ya lugha ya Kinubi.<ref>[https://www.comboni.org/fratelli/106304 In Pace Christi - Giovanni Losi]</ref> Baada ya kifo cha Comboni mnamo 1881, alikua mrithi wake hadi 1882, mwaka wa kifo chake.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 336</ref> La traduzuione sarebbe: Ordinato sacerdote nel 1862, nel 1872 andò in Sudan con daniele Comboni, a El-Obeid. ha scitto, con padre Bonomi, un catechismo e un dizionario della lingua Nubiana. Alla morte di Comboni, nel 1881, è diventato il suo successore fino al 1882, anno della sua morte. Grzie di tutto quello che fai per me. Buon fine settimana!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC) Sarebbe così: [[Image:Father Giovanni Losi MCCI.jpg|Right|thumb|220px|Giovanni Losi (1865).]] '''Giovanni Losi''' ([[Caselle Landi]], [[29 Novemba]] [[1838]] – [[27 Desemba]] [[1882]]) alikuwa [[kasisi]] na [[mmisionari]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Baada ya kupewa [[upadirisho]] [[mwaka]] [[1862]], mwaka [[1872]] pamoja na [[Daniele Comboni]] alikwenda [[Sudan]], hadi [[El-Obeid]].<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 334</ref> Huko aliandika, pamoja na padre Bonomi, [[katekisimu]] na [[kamusi]] ya [[lugha]] ya [[Kinubi]].<ref>[https://www.comboni.org/fratelli/106304 In Pace Christi - Giovanni Losi]</ref> Baada ya [[kifo]] cha Comboni mnamo [[1881]], alikua [[mrithi]] wake hadi 1882, mwaka wa kifo chake.<ref>Giuseppe Bonfanti, Caselle del Po - Caselle Landi, un paese sul Po, 2a ed, Comune di Caselle Landi, 1998, pag. 336</ref> </nowiki> ===Tanbihi=== {{Reflist}} ===Viungo vya nje=== * [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/giovanni-losi_(Dizionario-Biografico)/ ''Dizionario biografico degli italiani''] <nowiki>{{Mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Losi, Giovanni}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1838]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1882]] [[Jamii:watu wa Italia]]</nowiki> '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 13 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == [[Giovanni Losi]] == Grazie di tutto, per il gradissimo aiuto!!! Che padre Losi interceda per tutti noi!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 06:35, 18 Septemba 2024 (UTC) Grazie di tutto, Pace!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 20:40, 19 Septemba 2024 (UTC) ==Wikidata links== Hey Riccardo... The SW Mpox article was linked to the outbreak[https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q112070734&diff=2254757978&oldid=2234414990] rather then the disease itself.[https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Q382370&diff=2254758018&oldid=2254610542] Have fixed. [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 17:20, 30 Septemba 2024 (UTC) == Request == Can you please take a look at [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]? Thanks, '''[[Mtumiaji:TenWhile6|TenWhile6]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:TenWhile6|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 24 Oktoba 2024 (UTC) == Redirect == [[mwandiko]] is nothing but redirect to [[maandishi]]. Missing content exists in [[w:it:jod]] [[w:it:sho (lettera)]] @ [[w:it:Template:Alfabeto_greco_navbox]]. Please import it here, thank you. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-8390|&#126;2024-8390]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-8390|talk]]) 17:32, 3 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :I wonder if you know the meaning of both articles. They are not the same as you claimed. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:01, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::Dear Muddy, thanks. As usual, they don't know our language. All the same, I have changed the redirect to a full article about "handwriting". Peace to both of you. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:21, 4 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :::Ajabu kabisa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 05:53, 10 Novemba 2024 (UTC) ::::FYI: both Greek letters are already here in Kiswahili, but need to get missing content from Italian articles into Kiswahili ones. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-25812|&#126;2024-25812]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-25812|talk]]) 14:04, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Malicious foreign patrollers == They tend to mess anonymous users, they are worse than blatant vandals. Example: *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuuawa_kwa_Alvin_Cole&diff=1363270&oldid=1344998 *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuuawa_kwa_Alvin_Cole&diff=1363448&oldid=1363308 [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-12800|&#126;2024-12800]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-12800|talk]]) 14:58, 13 Novemba 2024 (UTC) Example: *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabeti_ya_Kirumi&diff=933633&oldid=933629 *http://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfabeti_ya_Kirumi&diff=933628&oldid=933625 PATROLLER twice vandalizes correct IP's correct repair of redirect which requires REDIRECT word to function properly. FYI: ALREADY banned permanently. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-15320|&#126;2024-15320]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-15320|talk]]) 17:15, 18 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Hey Riccardo, I'm seeing that you blocked [[Mtumiaji:Pmlineditor|Pmlineditor]] in response to this message. Pmlineditor is a former steward who has not edited any Wikimedia project in ~3 years, and the linked edits were from 2014. While it doesn't have any practical effect (since Pmlineditor has retired) I'd ask that you unblock their account. Best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:EPIC|EPIC]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EPIC|majadiliano]])''' 22:33, 20 Novemba 2024 (UTC) [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kujifunza_kwa_mashine&diff=1370974&oldid=1370973 Joke edits] done back and forth, another example of foreigner who even does not know Kiswahili nor content layout itself. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-24650|&#126;2024-24650]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-24650|talk]]) 09:40, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Borhan / Tanbiruzzaman appear to be mutual sock puppets, both are from Bengal Wikipedia and both are doing troubles here. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-24315|&#126;2024-24315]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-24315|talk]]) 14:57, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Enough is Enough! [[Maalum:Michango/HakanIST]] + [[Maalum:Michango/Borhan]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Talman Talman|Talman Talman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Talman Talman|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja&diff=1328553&oldid=1327815 This alone] shows what is worth dependence upon not so own hosting infrastructure. It is peak of this foreign intervention scandal, as of 2024 year. We must not bow to this all, never! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-30687|&#126;2024-30687]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-30687|talk]]) 17:58, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) What a utter nonsense! Patroller today again reverts perfectly GOOD edits like this: [[Maalum:Michango/WikiBayer]] while REAL vandalism like this: [[Maalum:Michango/Marcleonard_Galus]] and this [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-31972]] completely escapes their attention. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) '''You''' should undelete them all. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=delete&user=LR0725 Mass Article Deletion] with impunity by external interventionists is '''UNWANTED''' here. '''You''' improved them all already. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-31475|&#126;2024-31475]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-31475|talk]]) 12:50, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) [[Maalum:Michango/Ternera]] - nonsense edit warring against [[w:en:Wikipedia:Edit_warring#The_three-revert_rule]] despite of correct header edits from us. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 17:06, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) R.R. don't be shy, show this RED ATHEIST place in a row, simply because he administratively harasses INNOCENT USERS: http://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu/1234qwer1234qwer4 Really, he is petty global admin-snitch who on META tells around the clock that those are norse breiviks, or similar ALIKES! 10:38, 22 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Infoboxes == Do you know any Wikipedian who could fix "infobox drug" and "infobox birth control" so those en.wikipedia.org infoboxes also work on sw.wikipedia.org? Thanks. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lucas559|Lucas559]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lucas559|majadiliano]])''' 21:13, 18 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :No, but let you ask [[mtumiaji:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]]. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 19 Novemba 2024 (UTC) :Hi [[Mtumiaji:Lucas559|Lucas559]]! I'm always happy to help bring templates to the Swahili Wikipedia, but I have to leave the translations to others at the moment. Let me know if you need help doing the former ''[[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rich Farmbrough|Rich Farmbrough]]'' , <small>22:12, 8 Desemba 2024 (UTC).</small><br /> == Eternal page protections == Even in bigger Wikipedias pages are typically protected for finite time at most. I feel that eternal time is too excessive, and offenders are typically doing disruption for no longer than one year. Can you shorten all these [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=protect&user=Kipala&limit=500 eternal page protections] to at least one year? As for now, all related offenders are long gone, and honest "temporary accounts" are unable to edit at all. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 10:09, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :It's a very long list and needs time to shorten their protection. Very badly, the one who used to eternally protect those pages has died. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:22, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::So at least can you NOW unprotect [[Digamma]] and [[Pai (herufi)]] for now? None of other Greek letters including those protected ones, were ever vandalized at all since years. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|Jeriba$higanu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jeriba$higanu|majadiliano]])''' 10:24, 9 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == [[w:it:Wikipedia:Verificabilità#Fonti_dubbie]] == Per un'enciclopedia, le fonti dovrebbero essere indiscutibili. '''Un'enciclopedia non è una fonte primaria''': i suoi autori non conducono interviste né compiono ricerche originali. Dunque, qualunque cosa sia inclusa in Wikipedia dovrebbe essere già stata trattata in trascrizioni, ricerche, studi o reportage altrui che abbiano possibilmente goduto di considerazione a livello accademico e/o internazionale. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-25658|&#126;2024-25658]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-25658|talk]]) 08:08, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC) Io lo so, ma altri no. Grazie per avere eliminato molte fonti dubbie. Pace a te! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:17, 10 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :To avoid resurgence of fake pseudoreference plague recently cleaned in hundreds of articles, can you put inside adminprotected [[template:Karibu]] advice against doing <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> entries containing links to any and all WIKIMEDIA/WIKIPEDIA sites, by declaring there that purely external sources are always needed? '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 12 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :It is weak English, please change in [[template:Karibu]] relevant statement to: by writing '''them''' themselves. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokamamie|Kokamamie]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokamamie|majadiliano]])''' 08:00, 13 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Page CAN be editprotected even if AFTER deletion == [[Wikipedia:Mkaguzi wa watumiaji]] - vandalism newpage, delete first, protect second. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27968|&#126;2024-27968]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27968|talk]]) 08:38, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Technical errors == [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cristiano_Ronaldo&diff=1376422&oldid=1376415 this diff shows you reinserted TAB] (tabulators), where spaces should normally be. [[Maalum:Michango/~2024-27447]] edited correctly, restoring YOUR version but WITHOUT TAB (tabulators). Can you remove these TAB (tabulators) again? Simple as self-revert in this case. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27442|&#126;2024-27442]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27442|talk]]) 12:26, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Nuova foto nella pagina [[Giovanni Losi]] == Carissimo padre Riccardo, pace!!! Ho aggiunto una foto in questa pagina e ti chiederei, per favore, di controllare se la didascalia è esatta. Volevo dire: ''La strada dedicata a padre Losi, a Caselle Landi''. Grazie mille per il tuo prezioso aiuto. Approfitto per farti tanti auguri di un Santo natale e Buon 2025, tanta Luce del Signore per te. A presto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 14:03, 14 Desemba 2024 (UTC) : Grazie mille di tutto, il tuo aiuto è sempre prezioso!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 17 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == EXAMPLE: [[talk:Beka Flavour]] == Orphan talk WITHOUT its article - nothing but nonsense, please delete. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27365|&#126;2024-27365]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27365|talk]]) 07:50, 15 Desemba 2024 (UTC) FYI: ON any NORMAL wikipedia talk pages are ALWAYS to be deleted when its page is not existing. Example: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Talk%3ABijoy+Smarani+University+College 04:11, 15 December 2024 Liz talk contribs deleted page Talk:Bijoy Smarani University College (G8: Talk page of a deleted or non-existent page) [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-27882|&#126;2024-27882]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-27882|talk]]) 09:11, 15 Desemba 2024 (UTC) I see you deleted it already. It was sad it was overlooked too long. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:59, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Yesterday new account flood == I lost whole day correcting '''misedits''' done by them all. Most problematic user is this [[Special:contribs/Marcleonard_Galus]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-30796|&#126;2024-30796]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-30796|talk]]) 09:09, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) "Macleonard Galus" partially includes vandalisms, I clean after him. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 23 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Thank you for your collaboration, @[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]]. We appreciate it. Our problem is the private initiative of starting Editathons without good preparation, so the new users unconsciously do so many vandalisms, causing every time lost of a lot of time. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::Can you force good preparation before EVERY Editathon, so it will not have to be massively corrected like above temporary account and I done collaboratively? '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:34, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :::We sysops discussed about the problem but someone does go on his way! Let you give us suggestions. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:36, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Before any Editathon, organizer should meet you obligatorily, and non-WMF wiki should be used for editing exercises before going to real Wikipedia editing. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 24 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::Macleonard Gallus strikes back, he only [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi._Shakila&diff=1380879&oldid=1380876 repeatedly] does multiapostrophe trashing, he is STUBBORN. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 14:59, 28 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ::::[[Maalum:Michango/Said_Mohamed_Mgeleka]] Stubborn advertising. '''[[Mtumiaji:FARȢK GADU|FARȢK GADU]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:FARȢK GADU|majadiliano]])''' 17:37, 29 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == Mtumiaji VS Majadiliano ya mtumiaji == Position correcte pour <nowiki>{{karibu}}</nowiki> est en "majadiliano ya mtumiaji". Raison: "Vous avez un nouveau message" automatiquement. '''[[Mtumiaji:ErvanElman|ErvanElman]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ErvanElman|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) "Karibu" is NOT to be placed on non-talk USER page, because receiver never will get this: "You have a new Talk page message". [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2024-31611|&#126;2024-31611]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2024-31611|talk]]) 18:13, 25 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :Merci beaucoup. Thanks. I do know it well. My mystakes only occurred accidentally while correctly welcoming many new users yesterday. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:18, 26 Desemba 2024 (UTC) == U4C Notification == Hello Riccardo Riccioni,<br /> You are named in a recently filed request to the [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Please review the request at [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] You are requested to enter your statement and any other material you wish to submit, so that the U4C can get a better overview of the situation. All writing should be complete, but also as concise as possible. Please ensure that you make all comments in your own section and in the discussion section only. If the U4C makes a decision, this will be binding for you and so your participation is recommended. Please do not reply here, but on the linked case page, or on the associated talk page. If you would like to contact the U4C directly, you will find an e-mail address [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee#How_to_contact_U4C|here]]. Please use the email only if privacy is necessary (e.g. personal information). Best, On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) ;(tafsiri otomatiki) :Hujambo Riccardo Riccioni, :Ulitajwa katika ombi lililowasilishwa hivi majuzi kwa Kamati ya Uratibu ya Kanuni za Maadili ya Jumla [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] (U4C). Tafadhali kagua ombi lako kwenye [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] :Unaombwa kuweka taarifa yako na nyenzo nyingine yoyote unayotaka kuwasilisha, ili U4C iweze kuelewa vyema hali hiyo. Maandishi yote yanapaswa kuwa kamili, lakini pia kwa ufupi iwezekanavyo. Hakikisha umechapisha maoni yote katika sehemu yako na sehemu ya majadiliano pekee. Ikiwa U4C itafanya uamuzi, itakulazimu na kwa hivyo tunapendekeza ushiriki. :Tafadhali usijibu hapa, lakini kwenye ukurasa wa kesi uliounganishwa au ukurasa wa mazungumzo unaohusishwa. Ikiwa ungependa kuwasiliana na U4C moja kwa moja, utapata barua pepe hapa. Tafadhali tumia barua pepe tu ikiwa unahitaji faragha (k.m. maelezo ya kibinafsi). :Karibuni sana, :Kwa niaba ya kamati ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 10:21, 22 Desemba 2024 (UTC) :As an individual I encourage you to please participate in the next 3-5 days. (Kama mtu binafsi ninakuhimiza tafadhali ushiriki katika siku 3-5 zijazo.) '''[[Mtumiaji:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Barkeep49|majadiliano]])''' 01:46, 9 Januari 2025 (UTC) == [[Lugha ya Adamu]] == {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} See explanation: [[Majadiliano:Lugha ya Adamu]]. <blockquote> '''Anna Katharina Emmerick''' in her revelation was informed, that especially three languages of [[Baktria]], [[Zendia]], [[India]] are FIRST EVER descendants of language of [[Adamu]], of course in regard of purity as measure of being LEAST CHANGED from language of [[Adamu]] itself. </blockquote> Please add this to article in Swahili version, I need your effort because I tried to write this sentence in Swahili, and it turned ungramatical. Without this addition, article is still incomplete. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|Mwanajoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|majadiliano]])''' 10:10, 1 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} Do him a favor, please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 15:45, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) What I put in "blockquote frame" is technically needed to identify language of [[Adamu]] as essentially being RING0 "protoindogermanic" ancestor of RING1 "indoiranic" descendants. It shows that descendant RING2 will be the rest of "indoeuropean" languages, with subsequent "NON-indoeuropean" descendant rings being less and less similar to language of [[Adamu]] itself. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|Mwanajoka]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mwanajoka|majadiliano]])''' 09:07, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Small Wiki Monitoring Team == Thou will REGRET all SYSOP-ONLY page protections when WMF desysop thee: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Kumbukumbu?type=protect&user=Riccardo+Riccioni [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-10150|&#126;2025-10150]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-10150|talk]]) 12:12, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Stewards from time to time globally lock local established users like [[Maalum:Michango/Resnick-mike|this one]] out of their accounts for some alleged "long term sexual abuse". It seems that SWAHILI both sysops and users are under siege from WMF. Pure colonialist approach. They still do not dare to do this to local sysops, but they feel that doing this to local users can be done with impunity. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-13588|&#126;2025-13588]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-13588|talk]]) 08:41, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Do you happen to have any vivid proof to support your notion? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:01, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Support is here if you wish: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AFRUCA_Africans_Unite_Against_Child_Abuse&diff=1379881&oldid=1366743 AFRUCA] - stewards are very itchy at newbies touching sexual abuse topics. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-14050|&#126;2025-14050]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-14050|talk]]) 12:30, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::I have seen the user made sizable number of edits. I haven't found any problem with the account in question. Let me go to the Steward who locked the guy. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:36, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::::Do not forget they believe malicious denunciations against you local sysops, they can as well believe similar fascist calumnies against their victims. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-13839|&#126;2025-13839]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-14050|talk]]) 12:46, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::::"Checkuser Tools" in case of repeatedly overlapping dynamic IPs between totally unrelated users can produce fake results. '''[[Mtumiaji:$ilas duguda|$ilas duguda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:$ilas duguda|majadiliano]])''' 13:02, 29 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::::::Swahili Wikipedia MUST officially opt-out from Small Wiki Monitoring Team surveillance. Too many collateral global bans against recent incoming accounts since end of 2024 year. CHECKUSER method has one fault. If dynamic IP will be again associated with someone unrelated, while once it was associated with vandal, they blindly BELIEVE it. And result is simple. GLOBAL BAN! '''[[Mtumiaji:Hatani Nihongi Katani|Hatani Nihongi Katani]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hatani Nihongi Katani|majadiliano]])''' 21:02, 10 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[Joseph Leonard Haule]] == Ndugu Riccardo, Naomba ufute ukurasa tajwa hapo juu ili tuweze kuunga interwiki links zake kwa <nowiki>[[Professor Jay]]</nowiki>. Aliyehamisha mwanzo kutoka Prof. kwenda Joseph hakika hajui alitendalo. Pole kwa usumbufu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:22, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Nimeshafuta tayari @[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 17:59, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Iliyotakiwa kufutwa ni Joseph Leonard Haule. Ile Professor Jay ndiyo halisi kwa sababu ni jina lake kisanii linalofahamika kimataifa. Kuita jina la mwanamuziki kwa jina la kuzaliwa si sawa. Hamisha matini kwa Profesa kisha futa hii ya Joseph. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 20:37, 3 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Shida ni kwamba huyo si msanii tu, bali pia mwanasiasa. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:11, 5 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::Ikiwa unapendekeza ibaki ilivyo, basi lisiwe jina zima bali "Joseph Haule" itakuwa rahisi zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 07:22, 5 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Makala za Kongo == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] natumaini wewe ni mzima wa afya, Kuna makala zinzondelea kuandikwa kutoka kongo nadhani ni editathon inayoendelea uko na sijajua bado kiongozi wake ni nani, bado wanaoandika awana uelewa mzuri kuhusu uandishi wa makala je kunajambo linaweza kufanyika? '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 03:18, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Samahani kwa kuingilia mjadala, kama ni Kongo, kwani hawana Wikipedia yao? Ni ndogo sana ukilinganisha na ya Kiswahili. Inakuwaje wanajaza uchafu huku wakiacha ya kwao? '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 07:58, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] nchi nyingi sasa wanashiriki kuandika makala za kiswahili ikiwemo Rwanda, Kenya na wengine wengi. Changamoto ni kutokua na mawasiliano na wausika wa editathon izo. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 08:12, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Ndugu@[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]], si kosa kuingilia mjadala, ila @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ameshakujibu: Wikipedia hii si ya Tanzania, bali ya lugha ya Kiswahili ambayo ni ya kimataifa. Hakuna Wikipedia ya Kingwana (yaani ya Kiswahili cha Kongo). Muhimu ni kuwasaidia wachangie vizuri, kwa kuwa kweli tunahitaji Wikipedia yetu itumike zaidi huko kwao. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:43, 6 Januari 2025 (UTC) ::::Oh, basi sawa. Nimekuelewa. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 06:57, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC) == [[:Faili:Mlango wa Kiswahili Makumbusho ya Taifa Dar.jpeg]] == Hello! Can you check if the information on this file page is correct? Perhaps the file should be added to an article? '''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 18:13, 7 Januari 2025 (UTC) :The information is correct, though the photo is by the late Kipala. He uploaded it while teaching me how to upload photos. Now I have used it in the page "[[mlango]]". Thanks and peace to you. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:40, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) :: Hello. Thank you. So Kipala is the photographer? If so then it should say "Kipala" instead of your name. --'''[[Mtumiaji:MGA73|MGA73]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MGA73|majadiliano]])''' 11:24, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) :::Let you change, if you like. Thanks. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:01, 8 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Misunderstandings == Main Space is not Template Space. It does NOT work with {{}} transclusion. [[Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] should be named [[Kigezo:Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] which is adminprotected unlinked redirect and this is useless REDIRECT to be sacrificed by deleting first. Please fix your namespace error by redirect deleting and by page moving. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 20 Januari 2025 (UTC) You are CONSTANTLY tricked by redirects, instead of doing REQUESTED lowering protection at: *https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&page=Kigezo%3AAlfabeti+ya+kigiriki+kamili you did ON YOUR OWN, for ALREADY perfect template state, heightened protection at: *https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&page=Kigezo%3AAlfabeti+ya+Kigiriki+kamili NOTE lowercase "kigiriki" VS uppercase "Kigiriki". '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 11:30, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) My new template exists already crosswiki in 25 languages at least. Thank you for unprotection. At least I finally COPYPASTED content from [[Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] to REDIRECT (lowercase kigiriki) [[kigezo:Alfabeti ya kigiriki kamili]] which is '''NOT''' (uppercase Kigiriki) [[kigezo:Alfabeti ya Kigiriki kamili]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 11:39, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} see [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] - more than ONE superfluous move-leftovers for greek-related template page+talk is to be erased. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 13:12, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == [[§]] == Just removed old misinformation: [[Disigma]] is SECTION, not letter, see what GREEKS themselves say: http://lexilogia.gr/threads/pilcrow-σύμβολο-της-παραγράφου-παραγραφόσημο.2426/#post-22012 "section, § = ενότητα, τμήμα, εδάφιο (§, δίσιγμα)". '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 16:29, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) See [[w:el:wikt:δίσιγμα]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 16:57, 21 Januari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Country and Behavior == Not to be rude or something which country are you from? Its just a surprise to see a White man with fluent Swahili '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 20:01, 23 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Ana miaka arobaini nchini Tanzania. What do you expect? [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 10:21, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) Riccardo Riccioni = [[Italia]]no. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] I didn't ask your opinion whether he is Tanzanian or not. You are so rude to be bureaucrat. I asked him. You think you are like a god and its so embarrassing that you are on your 40's with that attitude, such a bore '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 14:49, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) Gayle, please be avoiding all personal attacks, they are totally disturbing. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 17:56, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :This guy Muddyb told me to go to a "test Wikipedia" if i wanted to play just because i asked him to delete my page, that was rude especially from a bureaucrat. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:46, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :I don't understand why he's attacking so much. Normal conversations, he turns them into hostility or conflict. There's a problem somewhere. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) Gayle157, you mistake being shy for being rude. Calm down, please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|Resnick-mike]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Resnick-mike|majadiliano]])''' 18:10, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Shy? And why would i be shy? '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:36, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Those aren't personal attacks, he came at me and I cant just let him slide with it, and i am not talking about this reply, he is at my nerve. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157 🇰🇪]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 18:42, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) "Shyness" vs "Rudeness" was meant not about Gayle157, but about Gayle157's assessment of owner of this talk page. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|Kalunde Salome]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kalunde Salome|majadiliano]])''' 18:52, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Kwa nini kupenda ugomvi? Tena kwa kitu kidogo namna hiyo? Mimi ni mzaliwa wa Italia, lakini kwa sasa ni raia wa Tanzania tu, ninapoishi kwa zaidi ya miaka 40. Basi, nawatakia amani, lakini matashi hayo yasiwe chanzo cha mabishano mengine, tafadhali. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 05:28, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) :Ni vijana mzee wangu. Sisi tuliokula chumvi nyingi tunatambua tone zao. Hizo tone ni za kitoto mno. Hata hivyo, sipaswi kuleta wimbi la ugomvi katika ukurasa wako. Ninaenda sasa. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:36, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Stub and Mbegu == You said Stub is Mbegu in Swahili. If there's no template for Mbegu that should appear at top, then I am going to use Stub. '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 08:24, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) @[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]], we have stub-templates, ex. gr. mbegu-mwanasiasa, mbegu-mtu etc. and we use it at the bottom of the page. Almost all pages in Swahili Wikipedia have it. This is why you don't need to insert yours at the top. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:42, 19 Januari 2025 (UTC) I actually found instead of stub i can use *mbegu* at top instead of using **mbegu-** at the bottom, It doesn't impress me, hope you are okay with that '''[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]])''' 15:07, 25 Januari 2025 (UTC) == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' 06:23, 26 Januari 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Ufutaji wa makala == kwa nini makala niliyochangia ya "[[MGC]]" imefutwa na RICCARDO RICCIONI? [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-15063|&#126;2025-15063]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-15063|talk]]) 05:10, 1 Februari 2025 (UTC) :Kwa sababu ni kujitangaza, kinyume na sera ya Wikipedia. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:39, 1 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Violation of Wikipedia policy == The user @[[Mtumiaji:PAULO OBEDI|PAULO OBEDI]] is repeatedly adding requests for financial assistance to articles. This violates the Wikipedia policy on personal financial solicitation and spam. Could an you look into this!, This could be a potential spam [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^Chronist</i>'''</div>]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]]) 06:02, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Futa == <nowiki><span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">}}</span>futa<span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">{{</span></nowiki> || <span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">}}</span>futa<span style="display:inline-block;transform:rotate(200grad)">{{</span> ≠ [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Batundi Luanda|Batundi Luanda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Batundi Luanda|majadiliano]])''' 16:49, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) SUCCESS! UNWANTED pages ceased to show in [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-15564|&#126;2025-15564]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-15564|talk]]) 17:02, 2 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Spam and Sockpuppet == Would you Look at this Account, He created another account and keep requesting for money after you blocked him @[[Mtumiaji:PAULI OBEDO|PAULI OBEDO]] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^Chronist</i>'''</div>]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Gayle157|majadiliano]]) 10:24, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == COPY PASTE page moves == It is wrong, it does NOT preserve edit history with list of contributors required by GPL, please FIRST delete [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] and then move [[Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] onto it. '''[[Mtumiaji:Norbilian|Norbilian]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Norbilian|majadiliano]])''' 12:49, 5 Februari 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} == Fantasies == Not only you, but others, PLEASE tell this GAYLE that it is OK this condemnation of NON-REPRODUCTIVE toying with bodies CONTRARY to INBUILT reproductive organ functions, basically UN-natural, so ANTI-functonal. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-23540|&#126;2025-23540]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-23540|talk]]) 09:48, 19 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Baba Bora == {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} Kwa nini makala niliyochangia ya "[[Jinsi ya Kujitayarisha kuwa Baba Bora]]" imefutwa na Riccardo Riccioni? '''[[Mtumiaji:Byera08|Byera08]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Byera08|majadiliano]])''' 05:46, 11 Februari 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Byera08}} Nilipaswa kuhamisha mada kwenda "Baba". Hata hivyo, mchango wako haukai kiensaiklopedia kwa sababu ni mashauri tu. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:12, 20 Februari 2025 (UTC) == Tungependa kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wako kuhusu Akaunti za Muda == <section begin="body"/> [[File:Temporary Accounts - first edit popup.png|thumb]] '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_e2MNLeWJU89pNTo Utafiti huu hautachukua zaidi ya dakika 5 kukamilisha.]''' Timu ya Trust & Safety Product hivi karibuni iliunda [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akaunti za muda]] zinapatikana kwenye miradi ya wiki 12. Kuna mipango ya kupanua hili kwa seti kubwa ya miradi ya wiki katika wiki na miezi ijayo, kisha kufuata mchakato wa kutekeleza kikamilifu baadaye mwaka huu. Ushiriki wako katika utafiti huu utakuwa na manufaa makubwa katika kutusaidia kuelewa jinsi Akaunti za Muda zinavyofanya kazi na kile tunachoweza kuboresha mbele. Sera ya faragha ya utafiti huu inaweza kuonwa [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Temp_Accounts_Minor_Pilots_Survey_Privacy_Statement|kupitia kiungo hiki]]. Kwa kumaliza utafiti huu, unakubali masharti yaliyoainishwa katika sera ya faragha. Asante!<section end="body"/> [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">majadiliano</span>]]) 02:50, 27 Februari 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/8&oldid=28315571 --> ==Communication by the U4C== I'm writing to inform you that in the U4C case [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] the 2 week "investigation phase" is now open. This phase will last around two weeks, during this phase parties and also other editors can still submit further evidence. We warmly suggest to take this opportunity, each statement can serve to clarify the position of each of the parties involved. Many thanks. On behalf of the U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) (Translation by Google translate) Ninakuandikia kukujulisha kwamba katika kesi ya U4C [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia|Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]] ya wiki 2 sasa "awamu ya uchunguzi" imefunguliwa. Awamu hii itachukua takriban wiki mbili, wakati wa vyama vya awamu hii na pia wahariri wengine bado wanaweza kuwasilisha ushahidi zaidi. Tunashauri kwa moyo mkunjufu kuchukua fursa hii, kila taarifa inaweza kutumika kufafanua msimamo wa kila mmoja wa wahusika wanaohusika. Asante sana. Kwa niaba ya U4C --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 20:58, 3 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Apology == Sorry for AUTOMATIC TRANSLATION, please unblock primary account, you made me even REPLYING impossible from my primary account! '''[[Mtumiaji:Jiah Harrison|Jiah Harrison]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jiah Harrison|majadiliano]])''' 10:04, 13 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Broken Redirects == Please delete all pages edited by: [[special:contribs/~2025-33472]] which are nothing but red-link broken redirects, see: [[special:contribs/DreamRimmer]] - he failed to tag them all to deletion. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-35189|&#126;2025-35189]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-35189|talk]]) 16:58, 19 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore in Tanzania 2025 == Ndugu Riccardo, nimetafuta nimempata mchawi wetu wa makala hizo. Ni @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] kama nilivyosema hapo awali. Nimeipata Dashibodi->> https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/courses/Wikimedia_Community_Kilimanjaro/Feminism_and_Folklore_in_Tanzania_2025?enroll=dpgcmlqt kadhalika chanzo cha challenge hii; https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Project_Page#Local_Activities/events Kwako Nd. @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]], unaombwa uwajibike kwa matendo yako. Kumekuwa na rundo la makala zisizofaa kwa kutumia challenge hii. Je, ukiwa peke yako utaweza kuboresha matini ya makala elfu mbili? Ama ndiyo bora liende? Tujisahihishe. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 11:53, 23 Machi 2025 (UTC) == Urbanization== What's Urbanization in swahili? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:49, 21 Aprili 2025 (UTC) Ukuaji wa miji. Sijui kama kuna neno lingine. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:50, 21 Aprili 2025 (UTC) == Tanbihi == I think the book sources are the one that should use the word tanbihi, Then Other sources to use '''Marejeo'''. Since ''Tanbihi'' is NB/Footnotes [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:08, 1 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, mimi nilifundishwa zamani na Muddy kuandika tanbihi. KKK inasema tanbihi ni maelezo yanayotolewa sehemu ya mwisho au chini ya ukurasa au sura... Labda umshirikishe Muddy. Ila kumbuka mabadiliko hayo yanadai kuhariri upya kurasa karibu 100,000! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:11, 1 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}} naona unabadilisha "tanbihi" kuwa "marejeo". Lakini baadaye unaacha "marejeo" tena kwa maana nyingine. Vipi? Pia umeanza tena kuhamisha kurasa bila mawasiliano yoyote. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:45, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::About Tanbihi i was checking if my Bot can do the task, You can clearly see they aren't manual! :::About Moving page which page did i move wrong? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:02, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I will fix the Bot code later so that it corrects that. If i moved any page wrongly or you are in doubt let me know, Aisee, I gave a notable Summary. ::::If its about Changing Redirects into articles let me know too, I can explain! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:25, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nafurahi kwamba umeweza kuandaa Bot yako. Itaweza kutusaidia sana na haraka. Ila unajua kwamba ukienda kasi nje ya njia, unaweza ukapotea kuliko mtu anayekwenda polepole... Hivyo ni kupanga mambo vizuri kabla ya kutumia Bot. Kama lilikuwa jaribio, ni sawa. Kuhusu kuhamisha kurasa, hivi karibuni sijaona makosa kwako, ila mimi nilijizuia kufanya mabadiliko ya namna hiyo kabla sijakubaliana na wahariri wengine. Kwa mfano, ni kweli Iraki ni sahihi kuliko Iraq, nami nilitaka kuhamisha ukurasa huo, lakini suala la majina ya nchi ni kubwa na limeshasababisha magomvi! Ndiyo maana nilipendekeza zaidi ya mara moja tujadiliane sote pamoja, k.mf. Uhindi / India, Uchina / China. Mpaka leo sijafanikiwa kufanya tufikie uamuzi. Hiyo inasumbua hata katika jamii, unapokuta kwa nchi ileile jamii zinazotumia Uhindi na nyingine India. Hata kwa hilo natumaini Bot yako itasaidia kufanya kazi kubwa na kuokoa muda wetu mwingi. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:58, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::Asante, Ee hiyo boti ilikuwa ya jaribio tu! ::::::Yes, We need a discussion about the Country names ,The Sources of this names, The best name among listed. Like a Project; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:08, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::The bot can now function, see [[Maalum:Michango/Gayle-Bot]] :::::::If you happen to know any task that requires automated / bot Operation feel free to inform me, :::::::About the country names discussion , So what's your plan about it? Launch a project or? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:16, 3 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::::Suala la majina ya nchi tulipendekeze kwa Muddyb na wengineo kabla ya kuendelea na mabadiliko. Hata hivyo baadhi hayana ubishi, k.mf. Poland > Polandi au Israel > Israeli. Naomba uanze na nchi hizo. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:29, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Sijaelewa; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:06, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Yaani naomba kama Bot inaweza kubadilisha katika makala na jamii zote majina ya Poland na Israel kuwa Polandi na Israeli. '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:22, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Ooh sawa nimeelewa sasa, I'm working on it! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:25, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|+]] {{imefanyika}}, Its done though there are a few Redirects to Israel that haven't been fixed, Also this pages blow require manual deletion by an admin,Which are Old Versions of the new pages. Also there were some minor errors on Flags , Emblem and maps which i can fix manually. {{quote| [[:Jamii:Israel]] [[:Jamii:Lugha za Israel]] [[:Jamii:Jiografia ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Miji ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Mito ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Milima ya Israel]] [[:Jamii:Wanafizikia wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wachezaji wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wanakemia wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Marais wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Miji ya Poland]] [[:Jamii:Watu wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Lugha za Poland]] [[:Jamii:Waandishi wa Poland]] [[:Jamii:Watunzi wa Poland]]}} [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:55, 4 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Refining == Its Incredible how you refine content, I will be adding content and leave it for you to refine. I just love adding content [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:48, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Asante kwa pongezi zako. Lakini lengo langu mojawapo ni kuonyesha mfano ili wengine wajifunze. Msiniachie kazi nyingi mno! Hata mimi nina mipango ya kuongeza mada. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:21, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::Ni sawa!, We will do our best [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:46, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::I’m still learning, and I regret how I came across during my first month on Swahili Wikipedia. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:56, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::Don't worry, you are very young. You have time. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:58, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::{{ping|Gayle157}} Hi, many times you don't add content, but you change it, following the English edition. May be it's easier to you, but it's not very respectful to those who used their time to write before you. Sometimes I have to refine new sentences which were refined in their earlier form. Thank you for your attention. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:52, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::First of all i don't use the English wiki edition, ::::::Also most articles have to be updated now and they and don't necessarily need to be in their original form because in most cases they are outdated. ::::::Me changing the article course doesn't make the original author loose his/her credit, ::::::In en wiki articles are modified now and then! ::::::Especially content on lead section , Isn't that what wiki is for? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:59, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::Thank you for your answer. Yes, Wiki is for ongoing work. What I meant is somehow as what Jesus said: "Not to delete, but to fulfill"! Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::::I didn't get that! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:12, 17 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nakukumbusha kwamba unapotaka kuongeza taarifa unapaswa kuwa makini usije ukaacha nyingine muhimu zilizokuwepo. Kwa mfano, kuhusu Tundu Lissu uliondoa ile ya kwamba ndiye mwenyekiti wa Chadema. Kuhusu mkoa wa Arusha umeondoa ile ya kwamba unapakana na ile ya Mara na Shinyanga, kumbe umeongeza ule wa Tanga ambao sasa uko mbali. Kuhusu mkoa wa Morogoro umeondoa mikoa ya jirani ya Ruvuma na Lindi. Asante kwa kujali. Aamani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:24, 25 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::::::Oops I'm sorry i guess i checked the Tanzanian map incorrectly, The existing text didn't mention the neighboring regions in a more nuanced way i had to confirm in the map ::::::::::But still those articles need to be modified on lead section, You can confirm that using Mobile view and remember 90% of this Wikipedia views are from mobile ,. ::::::::::The Original state of most articles in this Wikipedia are too unappealing [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:31, 25 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::::::Since the Articles of Regions of Tanzania have More or close to 500 views per month, And since you are the main Editor and also You are Tanzania please help Improve the Quality of the Lead Section of those articles, They sound too Informal or Low Quality especially on Mobile Devices, Maybe you can make them more '''INFORMATIVE''' . [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 16:15, 26 Mei 2025 (UTC) Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, ni sawa, ila nitafanya baadaye kidogo. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:00, 2 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, nimemaliza kazi uliyoniagiza. Sasa nakuomba ufanye vilevile kwa kaunti za Kenya. Asante na amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:08, 1 Julai 2025 (UTC) ::Asante sana , Nitafanya hivyo! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:27, 1 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Peter Born lȣ == {{ping|Riccardo_Riccioni}} PLEASE UNBLOCK ME - I EDITED in good faith! I did nothing wrong, some META denounced me falsely! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-55756|&#126;2025-55756]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-55756|talk]]) 13:02, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It was NOT intended as vandalism, BAN-ana to account is OVER-reaction! '''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 13:20, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::There's a Unblock tag! Use it in your talk page <nowiki>{{Unblock|1=}}</nowiki>[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:25, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Block Settings == @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Would you please ease the block Settings of Peter Born lȣ to at least 1 day, Maybe as a warning! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:29, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]], unavyoona huyo hahitaji unblock kwa sababu ameshaanzisha akaunti nyingine ambayo anaitumia sasa kusumbua tena Kisii na Kirinyaga... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:41, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :R.R. you are CATHOLIC, you should be example of MERCY. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-56159|&#126;2025-56159]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-56159|talk]]) 13:47, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::See [[Talk:GNU Free Documentation License]]. I always tried to have edit histories compliant to their contiguous state. When Gayle creates new content, old content always must be shoved away.'''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 13:53, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::Mimi nimekabidhiwa usimamizi wa toleo hili si kama Mkatoliki, bali kama mtu anayetaka liendelee vizuri. Mnatupotezea muda mwingi. Tukiwaacha muendelee mtaharibu kila kitu. Amani kwenu! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:59, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::@[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] Contiguous state lol; I stopped blanking Talk pages long ago!, That's not an excuse!. ::::Why don't you stick to one account, Stop using IPs "often" especially when doing a vandalism act, It will better, [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::I meant continuity in regard to [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157/ukurasa wa majaribio]]. Vandal TEMP ACCOUNTS are "simu" "rununu" tagged, mine are WITHOUT "simu" "rununu". '''[[Mtumiaji:New Boy999|New Boy999]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:New Boy999|majadiliano]])''' 14:13, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) ::::::In this context, most IP vandals in recent past don't have mobile tag, ::::::The only thing i can suggest is the reducing the Infinite block expiry settings , [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:17, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) :::::::Rununu-Simu vandals exposed. I edited from THIS temp account all pages recently corrected by me after Rununu-Simu vandals. See their edit histories. Rununu-Simu troublemakers are really recent. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-56650|&#126;2025-56650]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-56650|talk]]) 14:44, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Ya/Za == [[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|°]]Why 'ya' we are talking about Politic-'''S''' , Most news outlets say "siasa za" [https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-57675769][https://kiswahili.tuko.co.ke/tags/siasa-za-kenya/][https://www.voaswahili.com/a/china-yapinga-vikali-udanganyifu-wa-siasa-za-umoja-za-marekani-japan-na-ufilipino-/7567680.html][https://swahili.cgtn.com/2025/04/16/ARTI1744765639929458] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:53, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Temporary Accounts and abuse on your project form a LTA ([[Special:CentralAuth/Wikibaijer|Wikibaijer]], [[Special:CentralAuth/AfricaAntifa|AfricaAntifa]], ... and many Tempory Accounts == Hi, I wanted to ask how you manage with the temporary accounts because I noticed that a Crosswiki LTA is very active here and sometimes has temporary accounts that change every minute. Are you already familiar with this? Can you cope with it? PS: This LTA also uses many proxys that should be blocked.--'''[[Mtumiaji:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WikiBayer|majadiliano]])''' 20:05, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) :Dear {{ping|WikiBayer}}, no, I cannot cope with it. After the new policy about temporary accounts' privacy I no more understand what is going on. But sometimes they use registered accounts too. I have no more time to follow all their changes and reasons. I fear to block good contributors as vandals, because vandals denounce their changes. Moreover I receive many insults and threats by them and other people who want to do anything they want. It's discouraging. I appreciate very much your help. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:43, 29 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Citation Templates == In new Articles when citing please use the citation templates in Swahili, Example * Cite journal = Rejea jarida * Cite Web = Rejea tovuti * Cite News = Rejea habari Though other articles are on the process of being fixed by Bot. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:28, 5 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]]Now the thing is when we translate the page from ENWIKI, we do not take any measure to Swahilize those small terminologies since the nature it's leading its path, ie, we got we what we need and they don't bother where it's journal or web. Question, what if it's not translatted, anything wrong may happen? And FYI, Journal it's not JARIDA is SHAJARA in Swahili! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 16:23, 5 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::No, Shajara is more of a diary, Meanwhile a journal which is defined as ''either a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or profession or a written record.'' and only Jarida is close to that definition [https://sw.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/jarida] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:10, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::@[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]] Based on deep research i did is that most of the articles arr saying Jarida is Journal, But a few gave alternatives using Shajara [https://sw.eferrit.com/journal/] , And even though not notable google translate uses Jarida too [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:22, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::I think i have got the difference * 1. Jarida – used when referring to a magazine, newsletter, or periodical publication. * 2. Shajara – used when referring to a personal journal or diary. So '''''Jarida''''' takes it. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 14:31, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Gayle157]] Do whatever you deem fits. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 15:31, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::Come on , don't do that! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:56, 6 Juni 2025 (UTC) == [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] == Adminprotected article. Still fake '''JINO''' in "Charcot-Marie-Jino" error persists there instead of "Charcot-Marie-Tooth" at reference number twelve. Please correct. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:30, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) {{Imefanyika}} "Zamshi" understood his errors. Please unblock [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] to permit him edit it. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:19, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Request to unprotect source: Hello. Thank you for unblocking my user. I understand My drafts were not upto standard but please kindly unprotect the article so i can continue my work please. I am a student and this is my first time here. Thank you for all the input and changes.Ill make sure to work better. Please kindly let me edit the source for my work. '''[[Mtumiaji:Zamshi|Zamshi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zamshi|majadiliano]])''' 09:31, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::Give him a chance. He wants [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] unprotected. He promises to NOT do other edits except direct article improvement directly at [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) :::Hello,I have tried checking the page again but the protected source is now gone.I understand it was my drafts accidentally published with many mistakes i was trying to fix but is there no chance for me to edit it again please.I am not sure how to move forward without ability to edit, kindly help in that regard please. '''[[Mtumiaji:Zamshi|Zamshi]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Zamshi|majadiliano]])''' 23:55, 18 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::"Zamshi", please tell again Riccardo Riccioni to UNPROTECT this [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]]. In case of his refusal, wait until 24 June 2024, then protection will expire. Then improve article DIRECTLY, abandon making of additional draft copies and abandon pagemoves.'''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 06:45, 19 Juni 2025 (UTC) ::::Page will be unprotected after ONE hour from now. "Zamshi" REMEMBER: do NOT move/rename [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page, do NOT create additional copies of [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page, directly improve content of [[Ugonjwa wa Charcot-Marie-Tooth]] page where it is now. Simply abandon "DRAFT" roleplaying completely. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 07:54, 19 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Disparity== I don't understand why all this pages below use '''Iran''' and the article itself says '''Uajemi''', The Modern Country is Iran, The Historical Kingdom and entities is '''Persia'''. Only in Informal terms is the modern country referred to as Persia [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=Iran&title=Maalum%3ATafuta&fulltext=search] [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 06:28, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) We discussed with Muddyb and We have agreed that '''Persia''' will be for Historical entities before the Islamic revolution and '''Iran''' will be for the modern day country/political entity [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:15, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Muddyb#Disparity]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jalladda|Jalladda]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jalladda|majadiliano]])''' 07:23, 20 Juni 2025 (UTC) == 100,000 pages == Congratulations on your outstanding contribution to the Swahili Wikipedia in helping it reach the 100,000-article milestone. Your dedication has played a key role in this achievement—well done! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 15:39, 23 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Thanks to you for the congratulations which I cordially reciprocate. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Msaada wa usahihi wa lugha == Habari ndugu Riccardo, Nina tazamia kufanya utafsiri wa makala inayohusu Ubalozi wa Uingereza nchini Tanzania kutoka lugha ya kingereza kwenda kiswahili Hivyo naomba ukaribu wa kusahihisha pale ninapokosea. Ahsante Amani iwe juu yako '''[[Mtumiaji:Killy95|Killy95]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Killy95|majadiliano]])''' 03:06, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) :Hakuna wasiwasi, tuko pamoja! Amani kwako pia! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:45, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Ancient Sorcerous Empire == WikiBayer - is NOT guardian angel, it is ANNONRIAL/RAVERNAL pure evil: [[Majadiliano_ya_mtumiaji:Gayle157#Elephant_in_Porcelain_Shop]] READ debunking of WikiBayer reverts. '''[[Mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Annonrial Guardian Ravernal Angel|majadiliano]])''' 08:26, 24 Juni 2025 (UTC) == njia ya kuelewa kwa urahisi teknolojia ya chanzo huria == Nimeona umefuta makala yangu ya "njia ya kuelewa kwa urahisi teknolojia ya chanzo huria" sijajua shida ni nini na ile ni assignmentyangu me ni mwanafunzinimepewa kazi na mwalimu ambayo inabidi nii kusanye tafadhali umefuta makala yangu ya "njia ya kuelewakwa urahisiteknolojia ya chanzo huria" ile ni assignment yangu nimepewa na mwalimu tafadhali me ni mwanafunzi najifunza tafadhali [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-82940|&#126;2025-82940]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-82940|talk]]) 19:24, 28 Juni 2025 (UTC) == Uharabu wa dhahiri == Ndugu Riccardo, Kwa heshima na tahadhima, naomba umfungie mtumiaji huyu analeta ukorofi wa wazi kabisa: [[Maalum:Michango/88 konqvista 88|https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Michango/88_konqvista_88]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 08:48, 8 Julai 2025 (UTC) :Again! :"xX Black Burn Xx" did MAD RVV, in violation of this RULE: :do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves :*https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Souls_of_Black_Folk&diff=1437178&oldid=1437139 :*https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Usafirishaji_haramu_wa_binadamu_nchini_Chad&diff=1437179&oldid=1437138 :He is already RVV-ed thoroughly. '''[[Mtumiaji:Keith David Williams|Keith David Williams]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Keith David Williams|majadiliano]])''' 08:11, 13 Julai 2025 (UTC) :{{imefanyika}} == [[Maalum:Michango/Maryam_Saleh_Abeid]] == Repeated breaching of [[w:en:Wikipedia:Don't cite Wikipedia on Wikipedia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Wflgf|Wflgf]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Wflgf|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 16 Julai 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} ZERO reaction to BLOCK for 3 days, [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]] STILL disdained. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-30069-3|&#126;2025-30069-3]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-30069-3|talk]]) 14:19, 30 Julai 2025 (UTC) {{ping|Riccardo Riccioni}} ZERO reaction to BLOCK for 1 month, [[w:en:WP:CIRCULAR]] STILL disdained. [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofie_Petersen&diff=1461181&oldid=1461155 REPEATED OFFENSE]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:26, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Lupinga Nyinga}} Ndugu, mimi nashindwa kuelewa ujumbe wako. Wengi mna Kiingereza ngumu kwangu! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:30, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Simple and plain: Maryam_Saleh_Abeid repeatedly uses WIKIPEDIA as references, she repeats this violation despite of her being blocked twice already. Its time for her permanent block. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:36, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I think @[[Mtumiaji:Maryam Saleh Abeid|Maryam Saleh Abeid]] didn't understand your statement in english thats why, i also think she doesnt need to be blocked permanent. :I will address this concern to her in swahili, thanks '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) She even does NOT understand this prohibition included in her "karibu" template. '''[[Mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|Lupinga Nyinga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Lupinga Nyinga|majadiliano]])''' 10:46, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == SCANDAL == Tell him something on HIS talk to stop his mindless revert campaigns, his last edits are purely destructive: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:Michango/xXBlackburnXx Same with WikiBayer. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25621-8|&#126;2025-25621-8]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25621-8|talk]]) 09:24, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) :The Temp Account ist a sock from the LTA. [[:m:Special:CentralAuth/Long Term Sexually Abuse]] '''[[Mtumiaji:WikiBayer|WikiBayer]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:WikiBayer|majadiliano]])''' 10:20, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) What W.B. says about [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-25621-8]] is pure conjecture, self-contradicting, first says with PARTIAL DOUBT "very likely the active polished troll", later calls him some PORN MONGER , i edit from behind Great China Firewall so WTF? [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-25655-4|&#126;2025-25655-4]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-25655-4|talk]]) 10:31, 24 Julai 2025 (UTC) == Taiwanese Revisionists == Foreign censors falsely insist that CHINA means R.O.C. and not P.R.C. contrary to seat of P.R.C. in United Nations Security Council. They vandalize content and block honest users related to P.R.C. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-29877-5|&#126;2025-29877-5]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-29877-5|talk]]) 10:04, 31 Julai 2025 (UTC) == [[Jose Kaimlett]] HGN == Carissimo Riccardo, Pace!!! Come stai? Quì fa molto caldo, ma andiamo avanti!!! Per favore, potresti dare un'occhiata a questa pagina che ho appena creato? Grazie mille per il tuo aiuto. Se hai bisogno per l'Italiano o il Portoghese, ci sono!!! A presto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 09:24, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) : Grazie mille!!! Domani celebriamo i dieci anni della dipartita di mio papà Gianpiero (4 agosto, 85 anni); prenderò il Perdono di Assisi. Un forte abbraccio. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 14:05, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Meno male che anche in Italia c'è ancora chi ci crede! Papà riposi in Cristo! Pace anche a te! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:10, 1 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Devzboi == like [[Majadiliano:Devzboi1]], other [[Majadiliano:Devzboil]] MUST be deleted for real please! First DELETE, second PROTECT! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-32681-1|&#126;2025-32681-1]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-32681-1|talk]]) 11:43, 4 Agosti 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Wito wa kupiga kura kwa ajili ya [[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]] - awe msimamizi wa kusano == Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], unaombwa kupiga kura juu ya kumpatia uwezo wa ukabidhi/usimamizi wa kusano katika ukurasa wa [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi#Msimaizi wa KUSANO - Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu]]. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 07:51, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) Ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Muddyb|Muddyb]], sijaelewa kitu kuhusu KUSANO, ila naona utendaji wa Justine una kasoro nyingi bado. Muamue wenyewe. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:56, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Kusano = interface. Ni kama mwonekano wa sura ya Wikipedia. Mfano hizi jumbe za mabadiliko ya karibuni, vungo viungavyo ukurasa huu, michango ya mtumiaji etc. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:21, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-34016-8]] == Dumbo, Pinocchio, Rescuers, etc... {{ping|Muddyb}}, could you add the Hadithi to these pages? Also, what about creating the other Disney movie pages that don't exist yet? Your OWNtalk STILL editprotected. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-34348-8|&#126;2025-34348-8]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-34348-8|talk]]) 10:13, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Sure. Will do. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 14:15, 7 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::{{ping|Muddyb}} When will these pages be made/edited? The ones that need the plots are: * [[Pinocchio (filamu ya 1940)]] * [[Bambi]] * [[The Rescuers]] * [[Home on the Range (filamu ya 2004)]] * [[The Princess and the Frog]] * [[Zootopia]] * [[Moana]] * [[Encanto]] * [[Toy Story]] * [[Monsters, Inc.]] * [[The Incredibles]] * [[Up (filamu)]] * [[Turning Red]] * [[Spies in Disguise]] See [[Kigezo:Katuni za Disney]]. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-47359-4|&#126;2025-47359-4]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-47359-4|talk]]) 09:09, 28 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:~2025-47359-4|~2025-47359-4]] May you should contact me direct instead of coming here and ping me from far away. Oh, I know. I hate temp accounts. I did block my page from you though! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:41, 28 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Page Translation Request == hello,sir I am requesting for translation of the article [[Nyanzi Martin Luther.]] into English please,it can either be in simple English Wikipedia or En Wikipedia,sir I kindly request. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-48323-7|&#126;2025-48323-7]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-48323-7|talk]]) 05:08, 29 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Bonaventura wa Barcelona == Caro Riccardo, Grazie mille per aver tradotto l’articolo del [[Bonaventura wa Barcelona|Beato Bonaventura]] in swahili. Sono di Riudoms, la sua città natale, dove abbiamo una grande devozione per il Beato. Sto cercando di ottenere il maggior numero possibile di traduzioni del suo articolo e oggi, dopo aver pubblicato la traduzione in ceco con l’aiuto di un’amica ceca, ho scoperto la vostra traduzione. Grazie infinite. Asante sana. '''[[Mtumiaji:Jordi G|Jordi G]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jordi G|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala ya Shule ya Sekondari ya Ufundi Ifunda == Habari ndugu @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]], Nimeona umeweka taarifa juu ya makala tajwa kuwa ni kuhusu sehemu isiyojulikana. Bahati mbaya hizi ni shule chache zenye historia kubwa japo hazijulikani. Kuna haja ya kuziangazia kwa kina zaidi. Amani kwako. '''[[Mtumiaji:Magotech|MagoTech Tanzania]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Magotech|majadiliano]])''' 20:59, 5 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Aristide Igenukwayo Joviale]] == [[Aristide Igenukwayo Joviale]] = [[ALLI TALESI]] = [[Alli Talesi]] = Kijumla makala haina sifa yoyote ya kuwepo kwenye Wikipedia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Reliwei|Reliwei]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Reliwei|majadiliano]])''' 10:52, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]] == Please delete all that is listed in [[:Jamii:Makala_kwa_ufutaji]]. I do NOT make new pages. I mainly correct after temporary account flood. '''[[Mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|AlexBongo98]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AlexBongo98|majadiliano]])''' 12:24, 6 Septemba 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Greetings from Germany == Hi Riccardo, do you have a minute or two for me? There is a discussion an my talk page with a member of your local community that insists, that I should stop patrolling for vandalism here. Could you please have a look? '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 09:47, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you for your greetings. I noted your discussion but I haven't answered because I don't understand many technology issues. Please, excuse me and ask Muddyb. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) ::Thanks for the quick reply! I was a little nervous and worried that global CVUs wouldn't be welcome here. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 16 Septemba 2025 (UTC) == In italiano :-) == Buongiorno Riccardo, avevamo previsto che gli argomenti inclusi nella mozione potessero diventare "un campo di battaglia" per gente da fuori e vandali vari con voglia di provocare. Con un po' di pazienza e la collaborazione degli Steward e dei GS ho fiducia che si possa trovare il modo di gestire anche questo. (Intanto mi chiedo quali orrori ho scritto sulle vostre pagine usando il traduttore automatico.) Grazie per la collaborazione e la pazienza anche per gli orrori di traduzione... Rinnovo l'invito a contattarci in caso di domande o per qualsiasi necessità legata alle linee guida che vi abbiamo chiesto di approfondire. Buona giornata! '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:13, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Civvì}}Non parlavo del tuo messaggio, ma della pagina in esame. Un tale ha già provveduto a inserirvi il template da me proposto e l'ho ringraziato. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:17, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Riccardo io invece ho proprio la certezza che ogni volta che usiamo il traduttore automatico per scrivervi ne escono dei pasticci magari difficili da decifrare. Abbiate pazienza (e se non è troppo lavoro magari sistemate le cose peggiori, ne saremmo davvero grati!). --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 14:56, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Napendekeza mradi wa lugha ya kiswahili == Habari, nimesoma baadhi ya makala, lakini kwa maoni yangu, kama kungekuwa na mradi wa lugha ya Kiswahili, ingefaa zaidi. '''[[Mtumiaji:Moyojnr|Moyojnr]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Moyojnr|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) :{{ping|Moyojnr}} Sijaelewa. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:02, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) ::In my opinion, if there was a Swahili language project, it would be more useful. '''[[Mtumiaji:Moyojnr|Moyojnr]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Moyojnr|majadiliano]])''' 14:26, 7 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == [[Carlo Acutis]] == Caro Riccardo, Pace!!! Come stai? Io bene. Ho aggiunto una foto della reliquia di san Carlo Acutis. Ti chiedo la gentilezza di tradurre la didascalia, che ho lasciato in Italiano. Grazie mille per il favore, a presto. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 07:36, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) : {{ping|Rei Momo}}Fatto! Prega san Carlo anche per la Tanzania in subbuglio... Pace a tutti! :: Certamente!!! Ho due rosari che mia nipote mi ha portato dalla Tanzania, quando è venuta a fare del volontariato medico dentistico. Clieli hanno dati le suore, ma non ricordo più di quale missione. :: Grazie di tutto '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:53, 17 Novemba 2025 (UTC) == Update request == Hello, Riccardo Riccioni. Can you remame [[Kigezo:Quebecor Inc.]] to [[Kigezo:Québecor]]? The spelling of Quebecor was officially changed to Québecor in May 2012, with the French accented version the sole name of the conglomerate since then. Sources: https://financialpost.com/news/quebec-puts-accent-on-linguistic-correctness https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/349655/les-actionnaires-de-quebecor-votent-pour-l-ajout-d-un-accent Yours sincerely, '''[[Mtumiaji:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kurcke|majadiliano]])''' 21:53, 10 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Thank you very much. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kurcke|majadiliano]])''' 20:36, 11 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == [[w:de:Benutzer:Knergy/Tansania-Troll]] == Same as [[Maalum:Michango/JasonCarter2004]], now: *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-37592-11]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41344-29]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41170-85]] *[[Maalum:Michango/~2025-41607-52]] HOAX articles again. '''[[Mtumiaji:Kokobambo|Kokobambo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kokobambo|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Makala za tafsiri ya kompyuta == Ninafikiria kuanzia Jumanne wiki ijayo ama siku 2 za Krismasi nipambane zaidi kuhakikisha ninaboresha hata ziwe mbegu makala zote zilizopo katika jamii ya makala zenye mashaka ili kuondoa ile tagi ya makala ya kompyuta. Ni bora nizifanye kuwa mbegu kuliko kuwa na matini mengi yasiyoakisi maana. Unaonaje hapo mzee wangu? @Muddyb [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41593-39|&#126;2025-41593-39]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41593-39|talk]]) 13:11, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) :Sawa kabisa! Tupo pamoja! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:15, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Ahsante sana mzee wangu. Maana nimeona kufuata makala 1000+ tutaharibu ile milistoni inayoweka kule katika mabadiliko ya hivi karibuni. Tungepoteza ile trendi yake. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41584-46|&#126;2025-41584-46]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41584-46|talk]]) 22:17, 18 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Answer == Hello, this has to be a misconception. Yesterday I've reverted quite a lot of edits made by LTA Wikinger, who has been haunting me across wikis for some time. I am an editor from pl.wiki with almost 28000 edits, here you can find some more about me: [[:pl:User:Karol739]]. I'll also left the link to the page about Wikinger and his "work": [[:en:Wikipedia:LTA/Wikinger]]. The user is globally locked by WMF, therefore he doesn't have rights to edit on any wiki, so I've reverted everything he did. I don't know Suahili (at all), so if I broke something while doing it, I'm sorry, I can tidy up the mess I've created by mistake, if that's gonna be helpful for your community. Thanks a lot and best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:09, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) You even do not know where this vandal is, your reverts were mistargeted and misapplied, he whom you search looks [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamii%3ALugha_za_Kenya&diff=1475849&oldid=1475848 like this], even today. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2025-41724-17|&#126;2025-41724-17]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2025-41724-17|talk]]) 16:20, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) Making reports about himself is also the thing which he does often in pl.wiki, so here we go ;) If you want to know more about his behaviour, you can reach me out in [[:pl:Wikipedia:Discord]] and [[Maalum:BaruapepeyaMtumiaji/Karol739]]. Again, if I broke something, that must've been done by accident and I'm sorry again. Best regards, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:33, 19 Desemba 2025 (UTC) Hi, could you please protect my user talk page for some time? The LTA that we've been talking before has been haunting me for some time on sw.wiki. Thanks in advance, '''[[Mtumiaji:Karol739|Karol739]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Karol739|majadiliano]])''' 16:07, 29 Desemba 2025 (UTC) == Vandal == AbuseLogs shows normal edits, but for vandals is silent: https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:AbuseLog [[Maalum:Michango/~2025-43584-58]] = LitTerA, block immediately! '''[[Mtumiaji:Jojaruba|Jojaruba]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Jojaruba|majadiliano]])''' 08:53, 30 Desemba 2025 (UTC) {{imefanyika}} == Thou never will stop me == [[Maalum:Michango/Carlin_Kikoyo]] [[Maalum:Michango/Carlin_Oscar_Kikoyo]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Kikoyo Kikoyo|Kikoyo Kikoyo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Kikoyo Kikoyo|majadiliano]])''' 10:31, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Oscar Kikoyo}}, badala ya kunishukuru kwa kuanzisha ukurasa [[Oscar Kikoyo]], je unataka kutunisha misuli dhidi yangu? Mimi natimiza wajibu wangu tu. Sheria ni kwamba kila mtu anaruhusiwa kuwa na akaunti moja tu, na sheria ni msumeno. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:31, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] please recognize, that the person behind that account is just the same person, which spammed nearly your whole talk-page. Please check your recent changes here for every new account and their language. I can assist you here, but you have the ability to identify a machine-translated text by the LTA which abuses your project as his playground. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:10, 12 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] please check RC. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 10:12, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] I don't understand. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:02, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::::RC = Recent changes = [[Maalum:MabadalikoyaKaribuni]]. You LTA was vandalizing (including your talk page) with 3 Accounts which needed a block. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 12:04, 17 Februari 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] you may clean up [[:Jamii:Makala kwa ufutaji]] after your guest was locked with his accounts. '''[[Mtumiaji:NDG|NDG]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:NDG|majadiliano]])''' 13:55, 15 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Buona Qvaresima == Carissimo pe Riccardo, pace e bene!!! Io mi sto preparando alla Pasqua, penso di servire la messa dai miei Barnabiti a Lodi, alla chiesa di san Francesco. Presto lucrerò la santa indulgenza. Ti chiedo un piccolo favore: potresti aprire, o magari anche solamente tradurmi, la pagina che segue? Si tratta di una grande donna lodigiana che ha fatto tanto bene a Lodi e alle donne lodigiane. Grazie mille di tutto e buona Quaresima ancora!!! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ##################### '''Elena Cazzulani''', conosciuta con il diminutivo di '''Ena''', ([[Lodi]], [[20 Desemba]] [[1920]] - [[Vigevano]], [[23 Juni]] [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Italia]]. Il suo salotto letterario è stato un punto di riferimento per tutta la cultura della città di Lodi e della Lombardia per oltre trenta anni. Ha scritto diverse biografie su donne famose della città di Lodi. La sua famiglia ha fondato il ''Collegio Cazzulani''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827175601/http://www.istitutocazzulani.gov.it/sitovecchio/collegio_cazzulani/storia.html |title=C'era una volta il Collegio |publisher=istitutocazzulani.gov.it |accessdate=10 January 2026}}</ref> L'amminstrazione comunale di Lodi le ha dedicato una Via nel 1914. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.comune.lodi.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/5907 |title=Intitolate tre nuove vie in zona Codignola |author=Comune di Lodi |date=24 December 2014 |publisher=comune.lodi.it |accessdate=10 January 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref>; <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ilcittadino.it/stories/cultura/lodi-omaggia-sue-figlie-migliori-o_11080_96/ |title=Lodi omaggia le sue figlie migliori |author=Fabio Ravera |date=15 October 2012 |publisher=ilcittadino.it |accessdate=25 February 2026 |language=Italian}}</ref> = Opere di Elena Cazzulani * 1982: ''Cristina di Belgioioso'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1983: ''Il muro sul ponte'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1984: ''Giuseppina Strepponi, biografia'', Ed. Lodigraf, Lodi * 1985: en col·laboració amb Gilberto Coletto: ''Francesco de Lemene. Poesia e teatro'', Ed. del Campus, Lodi * 1988: ''Il collegio Cazzulani'', Edizioni Lodigraf, Lodi * 1989: ''Maria Hadfield Cosway. Biografia, diari e scritti della fondatrice del collegio delle [[Institut de la Benaventurada Verge Maria|Dame Inglesi]] in Lodi'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1991: ''Il viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1992: ''Carlotta Ferrari da Lodi. Poetessa e musicista'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi * 1993: ''Ritorno al viale delle ortensie'', Ed. L'Immagine, Lodi * 1996: ''Il cielo comincia dal suolo'', Ed. L’Immagine, Lodi = Bibliografia * <Ercole Ongaro, ''Il Lodigiano nel Novecento: la cultura'', Milano, Franco Angeli, 2006 {{ISBN | 978-88-464-7142-0}} = Marejeo <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Italia]] ######################## :{{ping|Rei Momo}}. Volentieri. Naturalmente la via le è stata dedicata nel 2014, non prima della nascita! Buona Quaresima in pace! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:07, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) :Sììììììììììììì, hai ragione, sono un po' addormentato!!! Ti aiuterò in Francese e Portoghese. Grazie mille ancora. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 11:11, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) ::Grazie mille per il tuo aiuto!!! Pace!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 13:19, 27 Februari 2026 (UTC) == Usahihi wa neno == Habari boss,nimeona umeweka jamii ya Che Zahara,sasa naomba kufahamu usahihi ni upi Wanaharakati wa Singapuri au Wanaharakati wa Singapore?Singapuri ni kiswahili cha Singapore,naomba unielimishe hapo '''[[Mtumiaji:Bycashtz|Bycashtz]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Bycashtz|majadiliano]])''' 18:23, 22 Machi 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Bycashtz}}, kama ulivyosema Singapuri ni Singapore kwa kufuata matamshi yake ilivyo kawaida ya Kiswahili. Lakini shida yetu katika Wikipedia hii ni kwamba tumeshindwa kukubaliana kuhusu majina ya nchi mbalimbali: tufuate tahajia ya Kiingereza iliyozoeleka au matamshi yake au jina lililotoholewa zaidi au...? Hivyo jamii zina utata: nyingine zinatumia Kodivaa, nyingine Cote d'Ivoire, nyingine Ivory Coast... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:41, 24 Machi 2026 (UTC) == NV == [[Maalum:Michango/NATHAN_VERITA$]] = [[Maalum:Michango/Nathan_Veritas]] - destruction impertinente, utilisateur interdit. [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-19674-88|&#126;2026-19674-88]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-19674-88|talk]]) 11:23, 30 Machi 2026 (UTC) == Block request == Would you please block @[[User:Gravity Fa11s]] urgently. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:19, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) :I have blocked him, but now he go on. I don't know how. What can I do more? Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 07:20, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) ::Most probably he is using a VPN , Now this will require Meta-Wiki intervention/ Small-Wiki Monitoring Team (SWMT). [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 07:27, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) Already under GLOBE BAN-ana! [[Maalum:Michango/&#126;2026-20430-50|&#126;2026-20430-50]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:&#126;2026-20430-50|talk]]) 07:51, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:11, 28 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472482 --> == Bot == Hey! If there's any task you have in mind that requires mass edit and would best be performed by a bot, Please feel free to inform me or if in future you encounter/have that task in mind also don't hesitate to inform me! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 10:11, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Yes, my friend {{ping|Gayle157}}! I need to add more links in all saints'pages (section: Tazama pia). It may be ease to you by substituting everywhere <nowiki>* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]]</nowiki>" with "<nowiki>* [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]]</nowiki>" The exceptions are only 1 or 2. I'll provide for them afterward. Thank you very much! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Thanks i'm gonna work on it, But for Clarification when substituting, Should [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] remain, Or should be completely substituted for the new categories. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:02, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::{{ping|Gayle157}} Yes, let you substitute it, because it is included in the larger text. Thanks again! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:04, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::One more thing! You mentioned "I need to add more links in '''all saints'pages"''' , Which pages are this? Are they in a category, Or is the bot going to do a deep search in all pages? [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:14, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::::{{ping|Gayle157}} We need to substitute everywhere. Of course, all such pages are included in the <nowiki>[[jamii:Watakatifu Wakristo]]</nowiki> but some saints are included in more than one category, e.g. <nowiki>[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]]</nowiki> and also <nowiki>[[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ufaransa]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]]</nowiki> etc. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:37, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::::Okay , Got it , I'm gonna work on it. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:06, 5 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Mradi wa Nchi == Kumekuwa na migogoro mingi kuhusu majina ya makala za nchi katika Wikipedia, lakini bado hakujawahi kuwa na mjadala wa kina wa kutatua suala hilo. Kuna mradi wa [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]] chini ya [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi]] unaolenga kushughulikia tatizo hili, lakini kufanikisha hilo kunahitaji uhamasishaji na ushiriki mkubwa zaidi wa jamii. Hivyo basi, nawaomba mshiriki katika kusaidia kutatua migogoro hii ya majina; iwe unaunga mkono au unapinga pendekezo lolote, tafadhali toa maoni na mawazo yako. Baadhi ya mapendekezo yanayoweza kuhitaji mjadala mdogo kabla ya kuidhinishwa ni pamoja na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea]] na [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Guinea Bisau]], na unaweza kuanza kushiriki huko. Ikiwa una maoni au mapendekezo mengine yoyote, tafadhali nijulishe. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:14, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}}, kweli suala la majina ya nchi ni muhimu na la muda mrefu. Tuliwahi kulijadili kidogokidogo bila kufikia mwafaka. Pengine tungehitaji kukutana uso kwa uso wengi wetu. Majina mengine yanayopendekezwa na kamusi hayatumiki katika uhalisia wa maisha. Kwa mfano sasa hivi nimemuuliza mfanyakazi kama aliwahi kusikia jina Gine. Jibu lake ni hapana. Nilipomuuliza kuhusu Guinea akajibu ndiyo. Pengine tumezoea zaidi majina ya Kiingereza au ya asili. Kila kesi ni ya pekee. Naomba tushirikishe tena wakabidhi wote, la sivyo tutakuwa na kazi kubwa baadaye kurekebisha makala nyingi. Asante kwa juhudi zako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:13, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) ::Yes, the central issue still remains: ::'''Who or what should determine the naming of country articles on Swahili Wikipedia?''' ''Should it be the Kamusi, common everyday usage, linguistic scholars, or reliable published sources?'' ::</br> ::Each of these approaches has its own shortcomings. In many cases, Kamusi terms appear too vague and sometimes fail to reflect the native pronunciation or linguistic character of the original names. At the same time, everyday usage has been heavily influenced by English, which has significantly affected the originality and authenticity of Kiswahili naming conventions. ::</br> ::Historically, many modern countries were either unknown to Swahili speakers or did not yet exist in their present form. Because of this, English names were often adopted to fill that linguistic gap. Later, Kamusi attempted to provide Kiswahili alternatives, but some of those adaptations also moved away from both the native pronunciation and natural Kiswahili phonetics. ::</br> ::Personally, I do not believe that either approach is entirely sufficient, especially when it comes to relying solely on common usage. Many names currently in use are borrowed directly from English without proper adaptation to Kiswahili grammar, spelling patterns, or pronunciation. As a result, they often feel linguistically inconsistent and lacking in Kiswahili originality. ::For that reason, I believe every editor should have a voice in these discussions. Decisions of this nature should not depend only on habit or repetition, but also on linguistic consistency, phonetics, reliable sourcing, and community consensus. ::So far, meaningful discussions on this issue have largely stagnated, and little progress has been made toward establishing a clear and consistent standard. ::</br> ::That is why I believe individual effort and active participation from editors are now more important than ever if we truly want to address this matter properly. ::Thanks; [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 11:56, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) :::Ndugu {{ping|Gayle157}} nimesoma alivyoandika {{ping|Muddyb}} kwamba afadhali tufuate kamusi. Hoja zako zinanivutia zaidi kuliko kufuata kamusi, pia kwa sababu kamusi zinatofautiana. Kwa mfano, [[Kamusi Kuu ya Kiswahili|KKK]] inapendekeza: Gine, Ginebisau na Gineikweta. Shida yetu ni kwamba wengi hawajali sana mambo ya Wikipedia kama hakuna tuzo kutoka Wikimedia... Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:35, 15 Mei 2026 (UTC) == InternetArchiveBot == Hey! I noticed that some links tagged as dead by [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] are actually still working. For example, this URL in the Senegal article is still live: https://www.bouelmogdad.com/en/history/ . There seem to be several other similar cases as well, so I’d appreciate it if these links could be double-checked before removal. Thanks! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 04:50, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Thank you, {{ping|Gayle157}}, for this information. I think the first thing to do is to inform the bot's responsible. On my side I'll leave all dead links, because deleting them is not a must. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:06, 17 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Unaweza kuwa na haki ya kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Nakutumia ujumbe huu kwa kuwa ulipiga kura katika uchaguzi uliopita uliohusu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|halmashauri ya kuratibu kanuni za mwenendo duniani (U4C)]]. Unaweza kuwa na ushtahiki wa kupiga kura katika uchaguzi wa U4C unao endelea hivi sasa na utatamatika 2 Juni 2026. Unaeza pata maarifa kuhusu wagombeaji na uchaguzi katika [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|ukurasa wa uchaguzi ulio kwenye Meta]] na pia ya fursa kupata kura yako. Ushiriki wako katika uchaguzi huu ni muhimu kwa maana una athiri uwongozi wa jamii za Wikipedia, na muda uliotumia kusoma kuhusu wagombeaji na kupiga kura unathaminiwa. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> [[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:35, 20 Mei 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30569740 --> == Kiswahili == Hello. I'm looking for Swahili translation of descriptions of a few items for Wikidata. Would you help? '''[[Mtumiaji:Eurohunter|Eurohunter]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Eurohunter|majadiliano]])''' 18:55, 21 Mei 2026 (UTC) :Yes, {{ping|Eurohunter}} if only a few. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:33, 22 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Visual editor katika miradi ya wiki == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kuboresha mifumo yetu ya kiufundi hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha ombi kule Phabricator ili watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor (Mhariri Unaoonekana) kwenye kurasa za miradi na kampeni zetu (`Wikipedia:Namespace`), jambo ambalo litatupunguzia sana mzigo wa kutumia Wiki markup ngumu wakati wa kuandaa warsha, mashindano, au majedwali ya miradi. Ili mafundi wa Wikimedia Foundation wawishe mfumo huu, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano na kura za wanajumuia wetu. Tafadhali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kupiga kura]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kurahisisha kazi ya waratibu na wahariri wote wa jumuia yetu. Shukrani sana. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:17, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Yahusu rasumu ya makala ya Innocent Manda == Habari ndugu Riccardo, Nimeona umefuta makala ya Innocent Manda leo kwa sababu ya kuonekana kama tangazo binafsi, naelewa na kuheshimu uamuzi huo kwa sababu tunatakiwa kulinda Swahili Wikipedia na kuhakikisha haina matangazo ya biashara. Hata hivyo lengo la makaya yale halikuwa promotion, nimeamua kuchukua maandishi yale na kuyafanyia marekebisho makubwa kwenye uwanja wangu wa majaribio/sandbox environment ili yaweze kufuata miongozo ya kamusi/wikipedia [[Mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar/Uwanja wa majaribio]] Nimeondoa nukuu zote za manono yanayosomeka kama promo na badala yake nikaweka ukweli halisi kuhusu WebYetu, Tuzo na kuweka refersnces na citations. Naomba iotazame na uniambie moja kwa moja kama kuna sehemu bado haijakaa sawa na inatakiwa kubadilishwa nini ili tuweze kuchapisha bila shida yoyote nadala ya kufutwa, asante sana mkuu '''[[Mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|Mc dangote carsar]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 12 Juni 2026 (UTC) :{{ping|Mc dangote carsar}} Mimi nimeshamaliza kazi yangu. Kama haikuridhishi, naomba umshirikishe sysop mwingine. Tuko wengi. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:51, 13 Juni 2026 (UTC) == EACLC == Mkuu, naomba uipitie hii kama iko sawa ili tuweze kuihamisha Kuanzisha Mtumiaji:East Africa Commercial and Logistics Centre (EACLC) [[Kuanzisha Mtumiaji:East Africa Commercial and Logistics Centre (EACLC)]] '''[[Mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|Mc dangote carsar]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|majadiliano]])''' 08:27, 20 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Kwa jumla ni sawa, ila jamii. Ukihamisha makala usisahau kuondoa "Kuanzisha Mtumiaji" katika kichwa. Amani kwako. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 08:39, 20 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::Shukran mkuu, Amani kwako pia. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|Mc dangote carsar]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mc dangote carsar|majadiliano]])''' 08:42, 20 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Un bollente abbraccio italiano == Carissimo Riccardo, Pace!!! Quì, in diocesi di Lodi, siamo come all'Equatore, alle 8,00 del mattino ci sono già 30 gradi. Ti chiedo un piccolo favor: ho aperto [[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo/Sandbox 1|questa Sandobox]]: Pino era un grande personaggio che ci ha lasciato nel 2023, e vorrei farlo conoscere a tutti, mi aiuteresti, per favore? Era giornalista e sidacalista cattolico molto conosciuto. Ti chiedo di dargli un'occiata, la traduzione è dall'Inglese, e se volessi, apri pure la pagina a tuo nome. Grazie mille e un caro saluto, a presto. '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 09:40, 29 Juni 2026 (UTC) :Ciao {{ping|Rei Momo}}. Noi siamo al fresco. Le date di nascita e morte non corrispondono proprio... Pace a te! '''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 12:05, 29 Juni 2026 (UTC) :: Fattoooooo, corrette!!! Puoi pubblicarla senza problemi, grazie mille e Pace!!! '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 10:15, 30 Juni 2026 (UTC) ::: Grazie milleeeee!!! Devo capire su cosa cliccare per "convertirla da Sandox a Pagina", ma credo di riuscirci!!! ::: Grazie ancora di tutto, a preso '''[[Mtumiaji:Rei Momo|Rei Momo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Rei Momo|majadiliano]])''' 11:16, 30 Juni 2026 (UTC) == Ombi la kuunga mkono mradi wa makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (WMF Rapid Fund) == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kufanikisha mradi mpya wa maudhui hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha wazo la mradi kule Jumuiya ili kuomba ruzuku ya Rapid Fund kutoka Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Lengo ni kuandaa warsha (workshop) na mashindano ya uandishi (Edit-a-thon) yatakayolenga kuziba pengo kubwa la makala za filamu na waigizaji wa Asia (hususan C-Dramas na K-Dramas), mada ambazo zina wasomaji wengi sana Afrika Mashariki lakini hazina maudhui ya kutosha kwa Kiswahili. Ili jopo la ruzuku la WMF lipitishe maombi haya ya fedha, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano (consensus) na kuungwa mkono na wanajumuia wetu wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Tafhdali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Wazo la Mradi: Kuongeza Makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (C-Dramas & K-Dramas)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kuunga mkono]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kuleta rasilimali zitakazokuza jamii yetu na kuongeza wahariri wapya. Shukrani sana. — '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == Ladygoody == Hi Riccardo, I see that you've dealt with this user before on [[User talk:Ladygoody|their talk page]]. I'm concerned that they're mass-creating unattributed unreferenced machine translations from the English Wikipedia, many of which are of articles from the category for [[:en:Category:Tulane University alumni|Tulane University alumni]]. I noticed this because it came to my attention that an article here, [[Tony Jones]], appears to be a translation of an article I just worked on, [[:en:Tony Jones (administrator)]], per Google-translating the Swahili page. I don't speak Swahili so I'll leave this with you, but I don't feel like dignifying the new page with a Wikidata connection to the English one. In case you don't know, [[Special:Nuke/Ladygoody]] will help you delete all their pages at once, in case you want to go down that route, but it will only work for a short time (I believe 30 days, but perhaps 90). '''[[Mtumiaji:Graham87|Graham87]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Graham87|majadiliano]])''' 13:03, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :The edit filter won't let me fix my link above to the category, so let's try this: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Tulane_University_alumni] '''[[Mtumiaji:Graham87|Graham87]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Graham87|majadiliano]])''' 13:07, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Graham87|Graham87]]. Yes, that user has problems. Yesterday too I spoke about it to @[[user:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]]. I also saw that that user produceS many pages about Tulane university alumni. But the pages are not so bad for our little Wiki. Let us insist that he/she insert a few references in each page, instead of delete all of them. Peace to you! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:57, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] Funny enough she was trying to school me on a matter that I'm already dived in fully. Ni maajabu. '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 22 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) == [[Wikipedia:Mradi wa Nchi]] == Hello! I noticed you recently moved the page Eire to Irelandi (I'm sure you had a reason behind it) and I was just curious about the reasoning behind the change. I had understood Irelandi to be an Anglicised term. I also noticed the use of Eire in other pages, such as [[Kieire]] and [[Bahari ya Eire]], so I was wondering whether the change would also affect those pages. Based on my understanding Eire or Ayalandi is a more suitable; If Native Speakers use Irelandi this should be used as an alternative name in the lead page but not for name page Thanks! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 05:33, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) c2swmsb1cj9olrreuqstm4o87lw6775 0 15669 1612019 1296801 2026-10-30T08:55:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Marlene Dietrich | picha = Marlene_Dietrich_in_No_Highway_(1951)_(Cropped).png | maelezo ya picha = Marlene mnamo 1951 | jina la kuzaliwa = Marie Magdalene Dietrich | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date|1901|12|27|df=y}} | mahala pa kuzaliwa = [[Ujerumani]] | tarehe ya kufa = {{death date and age|1992|05|06|1901|12|27|df=y}} | mahala alipofia = [[Paris]], [[Ufaransa]] | jina lingine = | kazi yake = [[Mwigizaji]]<br />[[Mwimbaji]] | miaka ya kazi = 1919-1984 | ndoa = Rudolf Sieber <br /><small>(m.1923-1976; his death)</small> | watoto = [[Maria Riva]], <small>born {{birth date and age|1924|12|13|df=y}}</small> | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = http://www.marlene.com/ }} '''Marlene Dietrich''' ([[27 Desemba]] [[1901]] – [[6 Mei]] [[1992]]) alikuwa mwigizaji filamu, mwimbaji na mburudishaji wa [[Ujerumani|Kijerumani]]. Anafikiriwa kuwa kama msanii wa kwanza wa Kijerumani kupata mafanikio makubwa kabisa katika [[Hollywood]]. Katika msafara wake wa usanii, alianza kama mwimbaji wa kawaida na mwitikiaji katika nyimbo na mwigizaji huko mjini Berlin kunako miaka ya 1920 na vilevile katika filamu za Hollywood mnamo miaka ya 1930. Alicheza filamu nyingi na mwishowe akaja kuwa mburudishaji wa kimataifa kati ya 1950 na 1970. Dietrich pia amekuwa kama mmoja wa waigizaji filamu muhimu sana wa karne ya 20. [[Marekani|Taasisi ya filamu ya Marekani]] imempa cheo cha 9 kuwa kama mwigizaji bora filamu wa kike kwa muda wote (miaka mia moja). == Filamu alizoigiza == * Im Schatten des Glücks (1919) * Love Tragedy (1923) * The Little Napoleon (1923) * Man by the Wayside (1923) * Leap Into Life (1924) * Dance Mad (1925) * The Bogus Baron (1926) * Manon Lescaut (1926) * Madame Doesn't Want Children (1926) * A Modern DuBarry (1927) * Chin Up, Charley! (1927) * His Greatest Bluff (1927) * Cafe Electric (1927) * Princess Olala (1928) * Dangers of the Engagement Period (1929) * I Kiss Your Hand Madame (1929) * The Woman One Longs For (1929) * The Ship of Lost Men (1929) * The Blue Angel (1930) * Morocco (1930) * Dishonored (1931) * Shanghai Express (1932) * Blonde Venus (1932) * The Song of Songs (1933) * The Scarlet Empress (1934) * The Fashion Side of Hollywood (1935) (short subject) * The Devil is a Woman (1935) * I Loved a Soldier (1936) (unfinished) * Desire (1936) * The Garden of Allah (1936) * Knight Without Armour (1937) * Angel (1937) * Destry Rides Again (1939) * Seven Sinners (1940) * The Flame of New Orleans (1941) * Manpower (1941) * The Lady Is Willing (1942) * The Spoilers (1942) * Pittsburgh (1942) * Show Business at War (1943) (short subject) * Follow the Boys (1944) * Kismet (1944) * Martin Roumagnac (1946) * Golden Earrings (1947) * A Foreign Affair (1948) * Jigsaw (1949) (cameo) * Stage Fright (1950) * No Highway in the Sky (1951) * Rancho Notorious (1952) * The Monte Carlo Story (1956) * Around the World in Eighty Days (1956) (cameo) * Witness for the Prosecution (1957) * Touch of Evil (1958) * Judgment at Nuremberg (1961) * Black Fox: The True Story of Adolf Hitler (1962) (documentary) (narrator) * Paris, When It Sizzles (1964) (cameo) * An Evening With Marlene Dietrich (I Wish You Love) (1972) London concert film * Just a Gigolo (1979) * Marlene (1984) (documentary == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons}} * [http://www.marlene.com/ Official website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.marlene.com/ |date=19961228160800 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060212183356/http://www.marlenedietrich.org/ Marlene Dietrich UK Website The Legendary, Lovely Marlene] * {{ibdb name |id=38065|name=Marlene Dietrich}} * {{IMDb name|id=0000017|name=Marlene Dietrich}} * {{tcmdb name|id=50375|name=Marlene Dietrich}} * {{nndb name|id=720/000031627|name=Marlene Dietrich}} * [http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/tt21/ LEGEND : Marlene Dietrich's concert career.] {{Wayback|url=http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/tt21/ |date=20140117053959 }} * [http://www14.brinkster.com/hitmaker/art.asp?ID=DietrichMarlene&NotB=N The Hitmaker Archive of Dietrich's recordings associated with Burt Bacharach's musical direction] {{Wayback|url=http://www14.brinkster.com/hitmaker/art.asp?ID=DietrichMarlene&NotB=N |date=20071013110450 }} * [http://www.thebookstandard.com/bookstandard/news/hollywood/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001434638 "Lost Marlene Dietrich Love Poem to Ronald Reagan Found"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.thebookstandard.com/bookstandard/news/hollywood/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1001434638 |date=20071013115257 }} * [http://www.fyne.co.uk/index.php?item=218 Gay Great - Marlene Dietrich] * [http://www.abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=2989920&page=1 ABC Nightline (03/28/07): 'I Want to Kiss You Forever': Romance and Friendship Mix in Rare Dietrich, Hemingway Letters Set for First Public Viewing] * [http://www.lenci-dolls.net/07012006.html Marlene Dietrich's mascot dolls] * [http://marlenedietrich.org/ Marlene Dietrich Collection, Berlin (MDCB)] {{Wayback|url=http://marlenedietrich.org/ |date=20060212183356 }} * [https://www.pinterest.de/pin/663436588861665080 Marlene Dietrich Portrait: "La Diva Prussienne": Mchoro wa penseli na msanii Marc Engelhard] {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dietrich, Marlene}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Ujerumani]] rk97xyx2sf6lgd6s3no70lvuz61csow 0 36885 1611923 1447113 2026-10-29T14:58:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]] [[Picha:Herta Müller (2019).jpg|thumb|Herta Müller (2019)]] '''Herta Müller''' (alizaliwa [[17 Agosti]] [[1953]]) ni [[mwandishi]] kutoka nchi ya [[Romania]] aliyetumia [[lugha]] ya [[Kijerumani]]. Mwaka wa [[2009]] alikuwa mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobeli ya Fasihi. Alizaliwa [[Nițchidorf]], [[Kaunti ya Timiș]], Romania. Toka mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, alijulikana duniani kote na kazi zake kutafsririwa kwa zaidi ya lugha ishirini.<ref>[http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,4774078,00.html Literaturnobelpreis geht an Herta Müller | Kultur & Leben | Deutsche Welle | 8 October 2009]. Dw-world.de. Retrieved on 2009-10-26.</ref> Müller anajulikana kwa kazi zake zilizoonyesha madhara ya ukandamizaji na unyama hasa wakati wa [[Jamhuri ya Kisoshalisti ya Romania]] chini ya uongozi wa kidikteta wa [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]. Kazi zake nyingi ziliandikwa kwa mtazamo wa [[Wajerumani wa Romania]] na pia kuhusu historia ya sasa ya Wajerumani wanaoishi [[Banat]] na [[Transylvania]]. Kitabu chake maarufu cha mwaka 2009 ''The [[Hunger Angel]]'' (''Atemschaukel'') kinazungumzia kufukuzwa kwa Wajerumani toka Romania kwenda kwenye jela za kazi ngumu Urusi wakati Urusi ilipoitawala Romani. Müller amepokea zaidi ya tuzo ishirini hadi hivi sasa, ikiwemo ni pamoja na [[Kleist Prize]] (1994), [[Aristeion Prize]] (1995), [[International Dublin Literary Award]] (1998) na [[Franz Werfel Human Rights Award]] (2009). Oktoba 8, 2009, [[Swedish Academy]] ilimtangaza kuwa mshindi wa [[Tuzo ya Nobeli ya Fasihi]]. == Kazi == === Nadhari === [[File:Herta Müller.jpg|thumb|upright|Müller signing one of her books in September 2009]] * ''Niederungen'', (short stories), censored version published in [[Bucharest]], 1982. Uncensored version published in Germany 1984. (Published in English as ''[[Nadirs (autobiography)|Nadirs]]'' in 1999 by the University of Nebraska Press)<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Nadirs|author=Müller, H.|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-3583-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYamtYxygIwC}}</ref> * ''[[Drückender Tango]]'' ("Oppressive Tango"), stories, Bucharest, 1984 * ''Der Mensch ist ein großer Fasan auf der Welt'', Berlin, 1986. (Published in English as ''[[The Passport]]'', [[Serpent's Tail]], 1989) * ''[[Barfüßiger Februar]]'' ("Barefoot February"), Berlin, 1987 * ''[[Reisende auf einem Bein]]'', Berlin, 1989. Published in English as ''[[Traveling on One Leg]]'', [[Hydra Books]]/[[Northwestern University Press]], 1998.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=g-z2hXg16BMC&dq=traveling+on+one+leg&printsec=frontcover&source=bl&ots=pKjhDYzq8P&sig=wb1JltreIidE532RNjRGLXWke7s&hl=en&ei=0fTMSvfvJY-04Qb-hLj6BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false On Google Books] Retrieved on 7 October 2009</ref> * ''[[Wie Wahrnehmung sich erfindet]]'' ("How Perception Invents Itself"), Paderborn, 1990 * ''[[Der Teufel sitzt im Spiegel]]'' ("The Devil is Sitting in the Mirror"), Berlin, 1991 * ''[[Der Fuchs war damals schon der Jäger]]'' (published as "The Fox Was Ever the Hunter" in English), Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1992 * ''[[Eine warme Kartoffel ist ein warmes Bett]]'' ("A Warm Potato Is a Warm Bed"), Hamburg, 1992 * ''[[Der Wächter nimmt seinen Kamm]]'' ("The Guard Takes His Comb"), Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1993 * ''[[Angekommen wie nicht da]]'' ("Arrived As If Not There"), Lichtenfels, 1994 * ''Herztier'', Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1994. Published in an English translation by [[Michael Hofmann]] as ''[[The Land of Green Plums]]'', [[Metropolitan Books]]/[[Henry Holt & Company]], New York, 1996<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/12/01/books/strangers-in-a-strange-land.html?pagewanted=all Review] Retrieved on 7 October 2009.</ref> * ''[[Hunger und Seide]]'' ("Hunger and Silk"), essays, Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1995 * ''[[In der Falle]]'' ("In a Trap"), Göttingen 1996 * ''[[Heute wär ich mir lieber nicht begegnet]]'', Reinbek bei Hamburg, 1997. Published in English as ''[[The Appointment (novel)|The Appointment]]'', Metropolitan Books/[[Picador (imprint)|Picador]], New York/London, 2001 * ''[[Der fremde Blick oder Das Leben ist ein Furz in der Laterne]]'' ("The Foreign View, or Life Is a Fart in a Lantern"), Göttingen, 1999 * ''[[Heimat ist das, was gesprochen wird]]'' ("Home Is What Is Spoken There"), Blieskastel, 2001 * ''A Good Person Is Worth as Much as a Piece of Bread'', foreword to [[Kent Klich]]'s ''Children of Ceausescu'', published by Journal, 2001 and Umbrage Editions, 2001. * ''[[Der König verneigt sich und tötet]]'' ("The King Bows and Kills"), essays, Munich (and elsewhere), 2003 * ''Atemschaukel'', Munich, 2009 (''[[The Hunger Angel]]'', Metropolitan Books, 2012)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.macmillan.com/thehungerangel/HertaM%C3%BCller|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112163819/http://us.macmillan.com/thehungerangel/HertaM%C3%BCller|dead-url=yes|archive-date=12 November 2011|title=''The Hunger Angel''|publisher=|accessdate=11 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112163819/http://us.macmillan.com/thehungerangel/HertaM%C3%BCller|archivedate=2011-11-12}}</ref> * ''[[Immer derselbe Schnee und immer derselbe Onkel]]'', 2011 === Ushairi === * ''[[Im Haarknoten wohnt eine Dame]]'' ("A Lady Lives in the Hair Knot"), Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg, 2000 * ''[[Die blassen Herren mit den Mokkatassen]]'' ("The Pale Gentlemen with their Espresso Cups"), Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2005 * ''[[Este sau nu este Ion]]'' ("Is He or Isn't He Ion"), collage-poetry written and published in Romanian, [[Iași]], Polirom, 2005 * ''[[Vater telefoniert mit den Fliegen]]'' ("Father is calling the Flies"), Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, 2012 * ''Father's on the Phone with the Flies: A Selection'' , Seagull Books, Munich, 2018 (73 collage poems with reproductions of originals) == Mhariri == * [[Theodor Kramer]]: ''Die Wahrheit ist, man hat mir nichts getan'' ("The Truth Is No One Did Anything to Me"), Vienna 1999 * ''Die Handtasche'' ("The Purse"), Künzelsau 2001 * ''Wenn die Katze ein Pferd wäre, könnte man durch die Bäume reiten'' ("If the Cat Were a Horse, You Could Ride Through the Trees"), Künzelsau 2001 == Filamu == * 1993: ''Vulpe – vânător'' (''Der Fuchs war damals schon der Jäger''), directed by [[Stere Gulea]], starring [[Oana Pellea]], [[Dorel Vișan]], [[George Alexandru]] etc. == Tuzo == * 1981 [[Adam Müller-Guttenbrunn|Adam-Müller-Guttenbrunn]] Sponsored Prize the [[Temeswar]] Literature Circle * 1984 Aspekte Literature Prize * 1985 Rauris Literature Prize * 1985 Encouragement Prize of the Literature Award of [[Bremen]] * 1987 Ricarda-Huch Prize of [[Darmstadt]] * 1989 [[Marieluise-Fleißer-Preis]] of [[Ingolstadt]] * 1989 German Language Prize, together with Gerhardt Csejka, Helmuth Frauendorfer, Klaus Hensel, Johann Lippet, Werner Söllner, William Totok, Richard Wagner * 1990 [[Roswitha Prize|Roswitha Medal of Knowledge]] of [[Bad Gandersheim]] * 1991 Kranichsteiner Literature Prize * 1993 Critical Prize for Literature * 1994 [[Kleist Prize]] * 1995 [[Aristeion Prize]] * 1995/96 City-writer of [[Frankfurt-Bergen-Enkheim]] * 1997 Literature Prize of [[Graz]] * 1998 Ida-Dehmel Literature Prize and the [[International Dublin Literary Award]] for ''[[The Land of Green Plums]]'' * 2001 Cicero Speaker Prize * 2002 [[Carl Zuckmayer Medal|Carl-Zuckmayer-Medaille]] of [[Rhine-Palatino]] * 2003 Joseph-Breitbach Prize (together with [[Christoph Meckel]] and [[Harald Weinrich]]) * 2004 Literature Prize of Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung * 2005 Berlin Literature Prize * 2006 Würth Prize for European Literature und Walter-Hasenclever Literature Prize * 2009 [[Nobel Prize in Literature]]<!--October 2009--> * 2009 [[Franz Werfel Human Rights Award]], in particular for her novel ''[[Everything I Possess I Carry With Me]]''<ref>[http://www.z-g-v.de/aktuelles/index.php3?id=884 Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607074727/http://www.z-g-v.de/aktuelles/index.php3?id=884 |date=2011-06-07 }}. Z-g-v.de (2002-01-17). Retrieved on 2009-10-26.</ref><!--November 2009--> * 2010 [[Hoffmann von Fallersleben Prize]] * 2013 [[Best Translated Book Award]], shortlist, ''The Hunger Angel''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rochester.edu/College/translation/threepercent/index.php?id=6822 |title=2013 Best Translated Book Award: The Fiction Finalists |work=Three Percent |first=Chad W. |last=Post |date=10 April 2013 |accessdate=2013-04-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}} == Soma zaidi == * Nina Brodbeck, ''Schreckensbilder'', Marburg 2000. * Thomas Daum (ed.), ''Herta Müller'', Frankfurt am Main 2003. * Norbert Otto Eke (ed.), ''Die erfundene Wahrnehmung'', Paderborn 1991. * Valentina Glajar, "The Discourse of Discontent: Politics and Dictatorship in Hert Müller's ''Herztier''." ''The German Legacy in East Central Europe. As Recorded in Recent German Language Literature'' Ed. Valentina Glajar. Camden House, Rochester NY 2004. 115–160. * Valentina Glajar, "Banat-Swabian, Romanian, and German: Conflicting Identities in Herta Muller's ''Herztier''." ''Monatshefte'' 89.4 (Winter 1997): 521-40. * Maria S. Grewe, "Imagining the East: Some Thoughts on Contemporary Minority Literature in Germany and Exoticist Discourse in Literary Criticism." ''Germany and the Imagined East''. Ed. Lee Roberts. Cambridge, 2005. * Maria S. Grewe, ''Estranging Poetic: On the Poetic of the Foreign in Select Works by Herta Müller and Yoko Tawada'', New York: Columbia UP, 2009. * Brigid Haines, '"The Unforgettable Forgotten": The Traces of Trauma in Herta Müller's ''Reisende auf einem Bein'', ''German Life and Letters'', 55.3 (2002), 266–81. * Brigid Haines and Margaret Littler, ''Contemporary German Women's Writing: Changing the Subject'', Oxford: Oxford UP, 2004. * Brigid Haines (ed.), ''Herta Müller''. Cardiff 1998. * [[Martin A. Hainz]], "Den eigenen Augen blind vertrauen? Über Rumänien." ''Der Hammer – Die Zeitung der Alten Schmiede 2 (Nov. 2004): 5–6. * Herta Haupt-Cucuiu: ''Eine Poesie der Sinne'' ("A Poetry of the Senses"), Paderborn, 1996. * ''Herta Müller'', Berlin, 1992. * ''Herta Müller'', Munich, 2002. * Ralph Köhnen (ed.), ''Der Druck der Erfahrung treibt die Sprache in die Dichtung: Bildlickeit in Texten Herta Müllers'', Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1997. ** {{cite journal|last=Bauer|first=Karin|title=Rev. of Ralph Köhnen, ed., ''Der Druck der Erfahrung treibt die Sprache in die Dichtung: Bildlickeit in Texten Herta Müllers''|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_german-quarterly_fall-1999_72_4/page/421|journal=[[The German Quarterly]] | year=1999|volume=72|issue=4|pages=421–22|doi=10.2307/408496|jstor=408496}} * Lyn Marven, ''Body and Narrative in Contemporary Literatures in German: Herta Müller, Libuse Moníková, Kerstin Hensel''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. * Grazziella Predoiu, ''Faszination und Provokation bei Herta Müller'', Frankfurt am Main, 2000. * Diana Schuster, ''Die Banater Autorengruppe: Selbstdarstellung und Rezeption in Rumänien und Deutschland''. Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre-Verlag, 2004. * Carmen Wagner, ''Sprache und Identität''. Oldenburg, 2002. == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Herta Müller}} {{Wikiquote}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060719103131/http://www.dickinson.edu/glossen/heft1/hertabio.html Herta Müller], short biography by Professor of German [[Beverley Driver Eddy]] at [[Dickinson College]] * [http://www.pwf.cz/en/authors-archive/herta-muller/ Herta Müller]: Bio, excerpts, interviews and articles in the archives of the [[Prague Writers' Festival]] * [http://www.complete-review.com/authors/mullerh.htm Herta Müller], at ''[[complete review]]'' * [http://www.literaturfestival.com/bios1_3_6_467.html Herta Müller] {{Wayback|url=http://www.literaturfestival.com/bios1_3_6_467.html |date=20081006170019 }}, profile by [[International Literature Festival Berlin]]. Retrieved on 7 October 2009 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091013180057/http://www.rri.ro/arh-art.shtml?lang=1&sec=13&art=4641 Herta Müller interview] by [[Radio Romania International]] on Aug 17, 2007. Retrieved on 7 October 2009 * [http://www.signandsight.com/features/1910.html "Securitate in all but name"], by Herta Müller. About her ongoing fight with the Securitate, August 2009 * [http://www.signandsight.com/features/1925.html "Everything I Own I Carry with Me"], excerpt from the novel. September 2009 * [http://www.goethe.de/kue/lit/aug/en5360302.htm Poetry and Labor Camp: Literature Nobel Laureate Herta Müller] [[Goethe-Institut]], December 2009 * [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/books/review-the-appointment-by-herta-mller/article1464847 "The Evil of Banality" – A review of The Appointment by Costica Bradatan] {{Wayback|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/books/review-the-appointment-by-herta-mller/article1464847 |date=20100219080011 }} [[The Globe and Mail]], February 2010 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110608060141/http://www.yementimes.com/defaultdet.aspx?SUB_ID=34229 Herta Müller: The 2009 Laureate of the Nobel Prize in Literature] An article in [[Yemen Times]] newspaper. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130218052248/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/half-lives-in-the-shadow-of-starvation/story-fn9n8gph-1226566626824 "Half-lives in the shadow of starvation". A review of The Hunger Angel, by Costica Bradatan] [[The Australian]], February 2013 * [http://channel.louisiana.dk/video/herta-muller-how-could-i-forgive How could I forgive. An interview with Herta Müller] Video by [[Louisiana Channel]] * {{cite news|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/6328/the-art-of-fiction-no-225-herta-muller |title=Herta Müller, The Art of Fiction No. 225|author=Philip Boehm|work=Paris Review|date=Fall 2014}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Müller, Herta}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Romania]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi]] 8lduh1ino6kric7hofh0n3c8to533md 0 55359 1611948 1413539 2026-10-29T19:27:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeraha sugu''' ni jeraha ambalo haliponi katika utaratibu uliojipanga wa hatua na katika kiasi cha muda unaotabirika kama vile majeraha mengi yafanyavyo; majeraha ambayo hayaponi ndani ya miezi mitatu mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa sugu.<ref name="mustoe05">{{cite conference |author=Mustoe T |title=Dermal ulcer healing: Advances in understanding |booktitle=Tissue repair and ulcer/wound healing: molecular mechanisms, therapeutic targets and future directions |pages= |publisher=EUROCONFERENCES |date=17–18 Machi 2005 |location=Paris, France |url=http://www.pasteur.fr/applications/euroconf/tissuerepair/Mustoe_abstract.pdf |access-date=2010-10-18 |archivedate=2005-10-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027045151/http://www.pasteur.fr/applications/euroconf/tissuerepair/Mustoe_abstract.pdf }}</ref> Majeraha sugu huonekana yamezuiliwa katika awamu moja au zaidi ya awamu za kupona jeraha. Kwa mfano, mara nyingi majeraha sugu hubaki katika hatua ya uvimbe kwa muda mrefu sana.<ref name="snyder">{{cite journal |author=Snyder RJ |title=Treatment of nonhealing ulcers with allografts |journal=Clin. Dermatol. |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=388–95 |year=2005 |pmid=16023934 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.020 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0738-081X(04)00147-6}}</ref><ref name="taylor">{{cite journal |author=Taylor JE, Laity PR, Hicks J, ''et al.'' |title=Extent of iron pick-up in deforoxamine-coupled polyurethane materials for therapy of chronic wounds |journal=Biomaterials |volume=26 |issue=30 |pages=6024–33 |year=2005 |month=Oktoba |pmid=15885771 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.03.015 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0142-9612(05)00237-1}}</ref> Kwa majeraha ya papo hapo, kuna uwiano sahihi kati ya uzalishaji na uharibifu wa [[molekuli]] kama vile kolajeni; katika majeraha sugu mizani hii ni kupotea na uharibifu ina jukumu kubwa sana.<ref name="Edwards">{{cite journal |author=Edwards JV, Howley P, Cohen IK |title=''In vitro'' inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by oleic acid albumin formulations from derivatized cotton wound dressings |journal=Int J Pharm |volume=284 |issue=1-2 |pages=1–12 |year=2004 |month=Oktoba |pmid=15454291 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpharm.2004.06.003 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378517304003357}}</ref><ref name="schon">{{cite journal |author=Schönfelder U, Abel M, Wiegand C, Klemm D, Elsner P, Hipler UC |title=Influence of selected wound dressings on PMN elastase in chronic wound fluid and their antioxidative potential ''in vitro'' |journal=Biomaterials |volume=26 |issue=33 |pages=6664–73 |year=2005 |month=Novemba |pmid=15978664 |doi=10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.030 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0142-9612(05)00306-6}}</ref> Majeraha sugu hayawezi kupona au yanaweza kuchukua miaka ya kufanya hivyo. Majeraha haya huwasababishia wagonjwa dhiki kali za kimwili na kimawazo pamoja na kuwa mzigo mkubwa wa kifedha kwa wagonjwa na mfumo mzima wa huduma ya afya.<ref name="Augustin">{{cite journal |author=Augustin M, Maier K |title=Psychosomatic aspects of chronic wounds |journal=Dermatology and Psychosomatics |volume=4 |pages=5–13 |year=2003 |url=http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowPDF&ProduktNr=224228&Ausgabe=229178&ArtikelNr=70529&filename=70529.pdf |doi=10.1159/000070529}}</ref> Majeraha yaponayo ipasavyo na majeraha sugu huwa katika pembe tofauti ya wigo wa aina uponyaji jeraha kuwa maendeleo kuelekea kuponywa kwa viwango tofauti.<ref name="moreo">{{cite journal |author=Moreo K |title=Understanding and overcoming the challenges of effective case management for patients with chronic wounds |journal=Case Manager |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=62–3, 67 |year=2005 |pmid=15818347 |doi=10.1016/j.casemgr.2005.01.014 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1061925905000317}}</ref> ==Aina ya magonjwa== Idadi kubwa ya majeraha sugu huweza kugawanyishwa katika makundi matatu: vidonda vya vena, kisukari, na vidonda mvuke<ref name="moreo"></ref><ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Idadi ndogo ya majeraha ambayo hayapo katika makundi haya inaweza kuwa inatokana na sababu kama vile sumu ya mionzi au shida ya damu kusafiri kwenda sehemu fulani ya mwili.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> ===Vidonda vya vena na ateri=== Vidonda vya vena, ambavyo kwa kawaida hutokea miguuni, huchangia 70% hadi 90% ya majeraha sugu<ref name="snyder"></ref> na huathiri wazee zaidi. Wao walidhani kuwa kutokana na shinikizo la damu katika vena inayosababishwa na kutofanya kazi kwa vali ambazo zipo katika mshipa ya s na kuzuia damu kutoka inapita nyuma. Shida ya damu kusafiri kwenda sehemu fulani ya mwili hutokeo kwa sababu hiyo, pamoja na jeraha reperfusion, sababu ya uharibifu wa tishu inayoongoza kwa majeraha. ===Vidonda vya kisukari=== Sababu nyingine kubwa ya majeraha sugu ni, ugonjwa wa kisukari, ambao unazidi kuenea.<ref name="Velander">{{cite journal |author=Velander PE, Theopold C, Gheerardyn R, Bleiziffer O, Yao F, Eriksson E |title=Autologous cultured keratinocytes suspensions accelerate re-epithelialization in the diabetic pig |journal=J Am Coll Surg. |volume=199 |issue=3 Suppl 1 |pages=58 |year=2004 |doi=10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.05.119 }}</ref> Wagonjwa wa kisukari wana hatari kubwa zaidi kwa 15% ya kukatwa sehemu ya mwili kuliko jamii kwa ujumla<ref name="snyder"></ref> kwa sababu ya vidonda sugu. Ugonjwa wa kisukari husababisha ugonjwa wa neuropathi, ambao huzuia utambuzi wa uchungu mwilini kwa neva na kuhisi maumivu.<ref name="snyder"></ref> Hivyo wagonjwa wanaweza kosa kuona majeraha madogo miguuni, na hivyo kushindwa kuzuia maambukizi au kujeruhiwa tena.<ref name="moreo"></ref> Aidha, ugonjwa wa kisukari husababisha kupungua kwa kinga na uharibifu wa mishipa midogo ya damu, kuzuia uwekaji oksijeni wa kutosha kwa tishu, ambayo inaweza kusababisha majeraha sugu.<ref name="moreo"></ref> Shinikizo pia huwa na jukumu katika ukuaji wa vidonda vya wagonjwa wa kisukari.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> ===Vidonda vya shinikizo=== Aina nyingine inayoongoza ya majeraha sugu ni vidonda vya shinikizo,<ref name="supp"></ref> ambavyo kwa kawaida hutokea kwa watu walio na hali kama vile kupooza ambako kunazuia kusonga kwa sehemu za mwili ambazo kwa kawaida huwa na shinikizo kama vile visigino, mtulinga, na sakramu.<ref name="thomas">{{cite journal |author=Thomas DR, Diebold MR, Eggemeyer LM |title=A controlled, randomized, comparative study of a radiant heat bandage on the healing of stage 3-4 pressure ulcers: a pilot study |journal=J Am Med Dir Assoc |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=46–9 |year=2005 |pmid=15871870 |doi=10.1016/j.jamda.2004.12.007 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1525-8610(04)00008-8}}</ref><ref name="Wilhelmi">{{EMedicine|plastic|462|Pressure ulcers: Surgical treatment and principles}}</ref> Vidonda vya shinikizo husababishwa na kupungua kwa damu inayoingia kwenye sehemu ya mwili ambayo hutokea wakati shinikizo kwa tishu, ni nyingi kuliko shinikizo katika kapilari, na hivyo kuzuia damu kuingia katika eneo hilo.<ref name="supp"></ref> Tishu za misuli, ambazo zinahitaji oksijeni na madini zaidi kuliko ngozi, huonyesha athari mbaya zaidi kutokana na shinikizo la muda mrefu.<ref name="Wilhelmi"></ref> Kama katika vidonda vingine sugu, kurejea kwa damu kwa tishu baada ya muda ya kutopata damu kutokana na jeraha husababisha uharibifu wa tishu. ==Ishara na dalili== Mara nyingi wagonjwa wa majeraha sugu huripoti maumivu kama sehemu kubwa katika maisha yao.<ref name="Krasner">{{cite journal |author=Krasner D |title=Painful venous ulcers: themes and stories about living with the pain and suffering |journal=J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=158–68 |year=1998 |month=Mei |pmid=9678007 |doi= |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=1071-5754&volume=25&issue=3&spage=158}}</ref> Inapendekezwa kwamba watoa huduma za afya kukabiliana na maumivu yanayohusiana na majeraha ya muda mrefu kama moja ya vipaumbele muhimu katika usimamizi wa majeraha sugu (pamoja na kushughulikia chanzo chake). Sita kati ya kumi ya wagonjwa wa vidonda vya vena vya mguu huwa na maumivu na vidonda vyao,<ref name="Hofman">{{cite journal |author=Hofman D, Ryan TJ, Arnold F, ''et al.'' |title=Pain in venous leg ulcers |journal=J Wound Care |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=222–4 |year=1997 |month=Mei |pmid=9256727 }}</ref> na mwelekeo sawa huonekana katika vidonda vingine sugu. Maumivu yanayoendelea (usiku, wakati wa kutulia, na kwa shughuli) ni tatizo kubwa kwa wagonjwa na vidonda sugu. Matatizo kuhusu vitoa maumivu visivyo na ufanisi na mipango ya huduma ambayo hawakuweza kuzingatia pia zilitambuliwa. ==Chanzo== Mbali na mzunguko mbaya niuropathi, na ugumu wa kusonga, sababu zinazochangia vidonda sugu ni pamoja na magonjwa ya utaratibu, umri, na kiwewe kinachorudiwa. Uwepo wa zaidi ya moja ambayo yanaweza kuchangia katika kuku kwa vidonda sugu ni pamoja na uvimbechungu wa mshipa ya damu (uvimbe wa mishipa ya damu), kukandamizwa kwa kinga, piodema gangrenosamu, na magonjwa ambayo husababisha damu kutofika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili.<ref name="snyder"></ref> Kukandamizwa kwa Kinga kunaweza husababishwa na magonjwa au madawa ya matibabu yanayotumiwa kwa muda mrefu, kwa mfano steroidi.<ref name="snyder"></ref> Msongo wa hisia unaweza pia kuathiri vibaya uponaji wa kidonda, huenda kwa kuongeza shinikizo la damu na viwango vya kotisoli, ambayo hupunguza kinga.<ref name="Augustin"></ref> Kile kinachoonekana kuwa kidonda sugu pia kinaweza kuwa donda ndugu, kwa mfano, tishu zenye kansa zinaweza kukua hadi damu isiweze kufikia seli na kufanya tishu kuwa kidonda.<ref name="Trent">Trent, JT. 2003. [http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3977/is_200301/ai_n9220282 Majeraha na madonda ndugu.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3977/is_200301/ai_n9220282 |date=20160113152309 }} ''Maendeleo katika huduma kwa Ngozi Jeraha.'' ILiangaliwa 1 Januari 2007.</ref> Kansa, hasa kasinoma ya seli gamba, pia inaweza kukua kutokana na vidonda sugu, pengine kutokana na uharibifu wa tishu unaorudiarudia unachangia kujaa kwa haraka kwa seli.<ref name="Trent"></ref> Sababu nyingine ambayo inaweza kuchangia kwa vidonda sugu ni uzee.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Ngozi ya watu wazee uharibiwa kwa urahisi zaidi, na seli nzee zaidi hazikui kwa haraka na zinaweza kukosa jibu la kutosha kwa msongo katika suala la kuongeza vipokei vya jeni vya [[protini]] za msongo.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Katika seli nzee zaidi, jeni za kujibu msongo zimeelezewa kupita kiasi wakati seli haijasongwa, lakini wakati inaposongwa protini hizi haziongezewi vipokezi vya kutosha kama ilivyo katika seli changa zaidi.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Magonjwa zaidi ya moja yanayoambatambatana ambayo yanaweza kusababisha damu kutofika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili hasa huchangia kwa uwezekano wa vidonda sugu. Mambo hayo ni pamoja na faibrosi sugu, atherosklerosi, [[Tambazi|uvimbegiligili]], ugonjwa wa seli mundu, na ugonjwa wa kutofanya kazi vizuri kwa ateri.<ref name="snyder"></ref> Kiwewe cha mwili kinachorudiarudia huchangia katika ukuaji wa vidonda sugu kwa kuanzisha kila wakati mfululizo wa uvimbe. Kiwewe kinaweza kutokea kwa ajali, kwa mfano wakati mguu jigonga dhidi ya kipumziko cha kiti cha magurudumu, au inaweza kuwa kutokana na vitendo vya kimakusudi. Watumiaji wa [[heroini]] ambao hupoteza uwezo wa kufikia vena wanaweza kuanza 'kutoboa ngozi', au kujidunga madawa ya kulevya chini ya ngozi, jambo ambalo uharibu sana tishu na mara kwa mara husababisha vidonda sugu. Watoto ambao huonekana mara nyingi kwa sababu ya vidonda visivyopona wakati mwingine hupatikana kuwa wanaathiriwa na mzazi ambaye ni mgonjwa wa Dalili fiche za Munchausen, ni ugonjwa ambao mtesi humdhuru mtoto mara nyingi ili apate usikizi.<ref name="Vennemann">{{cite journal |author=Vennemann B, Perdekamp MG, Weinmann W, Faller-Marquardt M, Pollak S, Brandis M |title=A case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy with subsequent suicide of the mother |journal=Forensic Sci. Int. |volume=158 |issue=2-3 |pages=195–9 |year=2006 |month=Mei |pmid=16169176 |doi=10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.07.014 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0379-0738(05)00418-4}}</ref> ==Pathofisiolojia== Vidonda sugu huathiri ngozi ya nje tu na ya ndani, au vinaweza kuathiru tishu yote hadi kwa faskia.<ref name="crovetti"></ref> Hivyo huweza kutokana na sababu sawa na zile zinazosababisha vidonda vya muda mfupi, kama vile upasuaji au kiwewe kutokana na ajali, au vinaweza kutokana na matokeo ya maambukizi ya utaratibu, utomvu, kinga, au upungufu wa uwezo wa neva, au magonjwa yanayoambatana kama vile uvimbe mpya au matatizo ya kimetaboliki.<ref name="crovetti"></ref> Sababu ya kidonda kuwa sugu ni kwamba uwezo wa mwili wa kukabiliana na uharibifu huzidiwa na sababu kama vile kiwewe kinachorudiwarudiwa, shinikizo inayoendelea, damu kutoweza kufika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili, au maradhi.<ref name="moreo"></ref><ref name="crovetti"></ref> Ingawa maendeleo mengi yameafikiwa katika utafiti wa vidonda sugu katika siku za hivi karibuni, maendeleo katika utafiti wa uponyaji wao umekuwa chini ya matarajio. Hii kwa kiasi ni kwa sababu utafiti wa wanyama ni mgumu kwa sababu wanyama hawapati vidonda sugu, kwa kuwa kwa kawaida huwa na ngozi iliyolegea na hujivuta haraka, na wala hawazeeki vya kutosha au kupatwa na magonjwa ya kuchangia kama vile niuropathi au magonjwa sugu debilitating.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Hata hivyo, watafiti wa sasa wanaelewa baadhi ya mambo muhimu ambayo husababisha vidonda sugu, kati yao ambayo ni damu kutoweza kufika katika sehemu ya mwili ipasavyo, kurejea kwa damu kwa tishu ya jeraha baada ya muda, na [[Bakteria|ukoloni wa bakteria]].<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> ===Damu kutoweza kufikia sehemu fulani ya mwili=== Damu kutoweza kufika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili ni jambo muhimu katika ukuaji na kuendelea kuwepo kwa vidonda, hasa kunapotokea kwa kurudiarudia (kama ifanyavyo kwa kawaida) au wakati inaposhikana na umri mkubwa wa mgonjwa.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Damu kutofika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili husababisha tishu kuwa na uvimbe na seli kutoa vitu ambavyo huvutia neutrofili kama vile intaleukini , chemokini, leukotrieni, na sababu za kuchangia.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Wakati zinapopambana na patholojeni, neutrofili pia hutoa sitokini zinazosababisha uvimbe na vimeng'enya ambavyo uharibu seli.<ref name="snyder"></ref><ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Moja ya kazi zao muhimu ni kuzalisha ROS yakuua bakteria, ambapo hutumia kimeng'enya kiitwacho mieloperoksidasi.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Vimeng'enya na ROS zilizotayarishwa na neutrofili na liukositi zingine husababisha uharibifu wa seli na kuzuia kuenea kwa seli na kufungwa jeraha la [[DNA]] kuharibu, s lipid, protini,<ref name="Alleva">{{cite journal |author=Alleva R, Nasole E, Di Donato F, Borghi B, Neuzil J, Tomasetti M |title=α-Lipoic acid supplementation inhibits oxidative damage, accelerating chronic wound healing in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=333 |issue=2 |pages=404–10 |year=2005 |month=Julai |pmid=15950945 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.05.119 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006-291X(05)01115-0}}</ref> wa ECM, na cytokines kwamba kasi ya uponyaji.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Neutrofili hubaki katika vidonda sugu kwa muda mrefu kuliko inavyofanya katika vidonda viponavyo kwa muda mfupi, na kuchangia kwa vidonda sugu kuwa na viwango vya juu vya sitokini na ROS zinazosababisha uvimbe.<ref name="taylor"></ref><ref name="schon"></ref> Kwa kuwa maji kutoka vidonda sugu ina ziada ya vimeng'enya vya protini na ROS, maji yenyewe yanaweza kuzuia uponaji kwa ukuaji wa seli na kuvunja vipengele vya ukuaji na protini katika ECM.<ref name="snyder"></ref> ===Ukoloni wa Bakteria=== Kwa kuwa oksijeni zaidi katika mazingira ya kidonda inaruhusu chembechembe nyeupe za damu kuzalisha ROS kuua bakteria, wagonjwa wanapaopata oksijeni isiyo ya kutosha kwa tishu, kwa mfano wale ambao wameathiriwa na hipothamia wakati wa upasuaji, huwa katika hatari kubwa zaidi ya maambukizi.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Jibu la Kinga ya mwili la kukabiliana na uwepo wa bakteria kunarefusha uwepo wa uvimbe, kuchelewesha kupona, na kuharibu tishu.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Maambukizi yanaweza kusababisha sio tu vidonda sugu bali pia gangrini, kukatwa kiungo kilichoathiriwa, na hata [[Mauti|kifo]] cha mgonjwa. Kama kutoweza kwa damu kufika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili, ukoloni na maambukizi ya bakteria kunaharibifu tishu kwa kusababisha idadi kubwa ya neutrofiili kuingia sehemu ya kidonda.<ref name="snyder"></ref> Katika wagonjwa walio na vidonda sugu, bakteria yenye kustahimili viua vijasumu huweza kuwa na muda wa kukua.<ref name="Halcón">{{cite journal |author=Halcón L, Milkus K |title=''Staphylococcus aureus'' and wounds: a review of tea tree oil as a promising antimicrobial |journal=Am J Infect Control |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=402–8 |year=2004 |month=Novemba |pmid=15525915 |doi=10.1016/S0196655304003657 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196655304003657 |doi_brokendate=2009-07-18}}</ref> Aidha, wagonjwa ambao hubeba bakteria zinazostahimili dawa kama vile Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) inayostahimili methisilini huwa na vidonda sugu zaidi.<ref name="Halcón"></ref> ===Vipengele vya ukuaji na vimeng'enya vya kupunguza protini=== Vidonda sugu pia hutofautina na vidonda vya kupona kwa muda mfupi kwa viwango vyao vya vimengenya vya kupunguza protini kama vile elastase<ref name="Edwards"></ref> na metalloproteinase Matrix (MMP) ni vya juu, wakati viwango vya vipengele vya ukuaji kama vile vipengele vinavyotokana na chembe za kugandisha damu na vipengele vya kukua vya Keratinositi ni vya chini.<ref name="schon"></ref><ref name="crovetti"></ref> Kwa kuwa vipengele vya ukuaji(GF) ni muhimu katika kupona kwa jeraha kwa wakati mzuri, viwango vya chini vya GF vinaweza kuwa sababu muhimu katika ukuaji wa jeraha sugu.<ref name="crovetti"></ref> Kwa majeraha sugu, ukuaji na uzalishaji wa vipengele vya ukuaji unaweza kuzuiwa, vipengele vinaweza kutengwa na kushindwa kutekeleza majukumu yao ya kimetaboliki, au kuharibiwa sana na seli za bakteria au bakteria ya protisi.<ref name="crovetti"></ref> Majeraha sugu kama vile ya vena pia vidonda vya wagonjwa wa kisukari husababishwa na kushindwa kwa fibroblasti kuzalisha protini za ECM za kutosha na kwa keratinositi kufunika jeraha kwa ngozi.<ref name="Foy">{{cite journal |author=Foy Y, Li J, Kirsner R, Eaglstein W |title=Analysis of fibroblast defects in extracellular matrix production in chronic wounds |journal=J Am Acad Dermatol. |volume=50 |issue=3 Suppl 1 |pages=P168 |year=2004 |doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2003.10.595 }}</ref> Kujieleza kwa jeni ya fibroblasti ni tofauti katika majeraha sugu kuliko majeraha yaponayo haraka.<ref name="Foy"></ref> Ingawa majeraha yote yanahitaji kiwango fulani cha elastesi na protisi kwa ajili ya uponaji sahihi, viwango vya juu vya ukolezi vinadhuru.<ref name="Edwards"></ref> Leukositi katika eneo la jeraha hutoa elastisi, ambayo huongeza uvimbe, uharibu tishu proteoglikani,, na kolajeni,<ref name="kanda">{{cite journal |author=Kanda N, Watanabe S |title=Regulatory roles of sex hormones in cutaneous biology and immunology |journal=J. Dermatol. Sci. |volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=1–7 |year=2005 |month=Aprili |pmid=15795118 |doi=10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.10.011 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0923-1811(04)00256-7}}</ref> na uharibu vipengele vya ukuaji, fibronektini, na vipengele vinavyo zuia protisi.<ref name="Edwards"></ref> Shughuli za elastisi huongezwa kwa albumini ya majimaji ya damu ya binadamu, ambayo ni protini inyopatikana kwa wingi zaidi katika majeraha sugu.<ref name="Edwards"></ref> Hata hivyo, majeraha sugu yasiyo na viwango vya albumini vya kutosha havina uwezekano wa kupona, kwa hivyo kudhibiti viwango vya protini hiyo katika jeraha inaweza kuja kusaidia katika uponaji wa majeraha sugu.<ref name="Edwards"></ref> Matriksi metaloproteinasi za ziada, ambazo zinatolewa na leukositi, huweza pia kusababisha majeraha kuwa sugu. MMP huvunja molekuli za ECM, vipengele vya ukuaji, na vizuia Protisi, na hivyo kuongeza uharibifu ikipunguza ujenzi, kupoteza mizani ya uwiano kati ya uzalishaji na uharibifu.<ref name="schon"></ref><ref name="Lai">{{cite journal |author=Lai JY, Borson ND, Strausbauch MA, Pittelkow MR |title=Mitosis increases levels of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in keratinocytes |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=316 |issue=2 |pages=407–10 |year=2004 |month=Aprili |pmid=15020232 |doi=10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.065 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0006291X04003274}}</ref> ==Matibabu== Ingawa matibabu ya majeraha sugu ya aina mbalimbali yanatofautiana kidogo, matibabu sahihi hutaka kushughulikia chanzo cha matatizo ya majeraha sugu, ikiwa ni pamoja na damu kutofikia sehemu fulani ya mwili, ujazo wa bakteria, na kutokuwa na usawa wa protisi.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Mbinu mbalimbali zipo ili kupunguza matatizo haya, ikiwa ni pamoja na matumizi kinza-bakteria na antibiotiki, kuondoa kwa upasuaji tishu iliyoathirika vibaya sana, umwagiliaji, kufungwa kwa kutumia uvungu, joto, uwekaji oksijeni, uponaji wa jeraha lenye unyevu, kuondoa mkazo kimaumbile, na kuongeza seli au vipengele vingine vya kuzaa au kuongeza viwango vya vipengele vya uponyaji.<ref name="Velander"></ref> ===Kuzuia na kutibu maambukizi=== Kupunguza hesabu ya bakteria katika jeraha, watabibu hutumia [[Antibaotiki|antibiotiki]] za kueneza juu ya ubapa, ambayo huua bakteria na pia husaidia kuweka mazingira ya jeraha kuwa nyevunyevu,<ref name="brem">{{cite journal |author=Brem H, Kirsner RS, Falanga V |title=Protocol for the successful treatment of venous ulcers |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=188 |issue=1A Suppl |pages=1–8 |year=2004 |month=Julai |pmid=15223495 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00284-8 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002961003002848}}</ref><ref name="Patel">{{cite journal |author=Patel CV, Powell L, Wilson SE |title=Surgical wound infections |journal=Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases' |volume=2 |pages=147–53 |year=2000 |issn=1523-3820}}</ref> ambayo ni muhimu kwa ajili ya kuharakisha kupona kwa majeraha sugu.<ref name="taylor"></ref><ref name="thomas"></ref> Baadhi ya watafiti wamefanya majaribio na matumizi ya mafuta ya mti wa chai, wakala kina-bakteria ambayo pia ina athari ya kupunguza uvimbe.<ref name="Halcón"></ref> Vitoa uchafu havishauriwi kwa sababu uharibu tishu na kuchelewesha kupungua kwa jeraha.<ref name="Patel"></ref> Zaidi, hufanywa kukosa ufanisi na mata ya kikaboni kama damu na majeraha rishai na hivyo si muhimu katika majeraha wazi.<ref name="Patel"></ref> Kiasi kikubwa zaidi cha rishai na tishu iliokufa katika jeraha huongeza uwezekano wa kuambukizwa kwa kuwa kama kitoa huduma kwa ukuaji wa bakteria mbali na kinga ya mwili.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Kwa kuwa bakteria hustawi kwenye tishu zilizokufa, majeraha mara nyingi huondolewa tishu kwa upasuaji ili kuondoa tishu iliyo dhoofishwa.<ref name="brem"></ref> Kuondolewa tishu iliyokufa na kutoa maji ya jeraha ni sehemu muhimu ya matibabu ya vidonda vya wagonjwa wa kisukari, ambavyo vinaweza kulazimu kukatwa sehemu ya mwili kama maambukizi yatakithiri. Kuondolewa kimitambo kwa bakteria na tishu zilizodhoofika ndio wazo nyuma umwagiliaji wa jeraha , ambayo hutimizwa kwa kutumia umwagiliaji wa kutumia mtambo.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Kuondoa tishu iliokufa au tishu iliodhoofika pia ni lengo la tiba ya kutukia mabuu, kuwekwa kimakusudi kwa mabuu waliosafishwa na daktari wa afya, kwa majeraha yasiyopona. Mabuu huyeyusha tishu zilizokufa tu, tishu zilizoambukizwa; husafisha jeraha kwa kuua bakteria na kuchochea kupona kwa jeraha. Tiba ya mabuu imeonekana kuharakisha kuondoa tishu iliyokufa ya majeraha na kupunguza kiwango cha bakteria cha jeraha, na hivyo kusababisha kupona mapema, kupunguza harufu jeraha na maumivu kidogo. Mchanganyiko na mwingiliano wa hatua hizi hufanya mabuu chombo chenye nguvu sana katika matibabu ya majeraha sugu. Tiba ya shinikizo hasi (NPWT) ni matibabu ambayo yanaboresha damu kutofika katika sehemu fulani ya tishu na kuondosha giligili katika jeraha inayotumiwa na vimelea.<ref name="moreo"></ref><ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Tiba hii, pia inajulikana kama-kufunga kwa kutumia uvungo, hupunguza uvimbe katika tishu, ambayo huleta damu zaidi na virutubisho katika eneo hilo, kama ifanyavyo shinikizo hasi yenyewe.<ref name="moreo"></ref> Matibabu pia husongoa tishu na kubadilisha sura ya seli, inazisababisha kuonyesha mRNA tofauti na kuenea upesi na kuzalisha molekuli za ECM.<ref name="snyder"></ref><ref name="moreo"></ref> ===Kutibu dhiki na majeraha yenye chungu=== Maumivu sugu yanayoendelea kwa muda mrefu yanayohusiana na majeraha yasiyopona yanasababishwa na tishu (yanayosababisha maumivu) au uharibifu (niuropathia) wa neva na hushawishiwa na mabadiliko ya vazi na kuvimba kwa muda mrefu. majeraha sugu huchukua muda mrefu kupona na wagonjwa wanaweza kuugua majeraha sugu kwa miaka mingi <ref name="flanagan"> Flanagan M, Vogensen H, na Haase L. 2006. [http://www.worldwidewounds.com/2006/april/Flanagan/Ibuprofen-Foam-Dressing.html Mfululizo wa uchunguzi wa kesi ya uzoefu wa maumivu ya wagonjwa wa vidonda sugu vya vena za mguu zilizotibiwa vazi la povu lililotoa buprofen.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldwidewounds.com/2006/april/Flanagan/Ibuprofen-Foam-Dressing.html |date=20070208193216 }} Majeraha Ulimwenguni kote. 2006</ref>. Kupona kwa majeraha sugu kunaweza kuathirika na hali zilizopo, kama vile damu kurudi nyuma katika vali za vena, ugonjwa wa mishipa ya pembeni, uvimbegiligili usiodhibitiwa na [[Kisukari|ugonjwa wa kisukari melitasi.]] Kama maumivu ya jeraha hayatathminiwa na kurekodiwa vizuri yanaweza kupuuzwa na / au kutoshughulikiwa vizuri. Ni muhimu kukumbuka kwamba kuongezeka kwa maumivu ya jeraha kunaweza kuwa ni kiashiria cha matatizo ya jeraha ambayo yanahitaji matibabu, na kwa hiyo ni lazima matabibu watathmini jeraha pamoja na maumivu ya yanayohusishwa. Usimamizi wa majeraha bora kabisa unahitaji tathmini ya jumla. Rekodi ya maumivu ya mgonjwa aliopitia ni muhimu na inaweza kuwa kutoka kwa matumizi ya shajara na mgonjwa, (ambayo inaendeshwa na mgonjwa), hadi kurekodi maumivu na mtaalamu wa afya au Mlezi pekee<ref name="osterbrink">{{cite journal |author=Osterbrink J |title=Der Deutsche Schmerzstandard und seine Auswirkungen auf die Pflege |journal=Die Schwester, der Pfleger |volume=42 |pages=758–64 |year=2003}}</ref>. Mawasiliano kati ya mgonjwa na timu ya huduma ya afya ni muhimu kwa mtizao hii ujumla. Uchungu unapopimwa kwa wingi na wataalamu wa afya, uwezekano wa kuanzisha au kubadilisha njia ya usimamizi wa maumivu unaongezeka. Kwa sasa kuna mbinu chache za kinyumbani zinazoweza kutumika kwa ajili ya matibabu ya maumivu ya kudumu, huku ukidhibiti viwango vya giligili vilivyo katika majeraha mengi sugu. Sifa muhimu ya mbinu hizo za kinyumbani ni kwamba hutoa mazingira bora kabisa kwa jeraha kupona, huku ikitoa kiwango cha chini cha brufen ya kima kisichobadilika wakati wa uchakavu. Kama tiba za kinyumbani hazipunguzi maumivu vya kutosha, inaweza kulazimu wagonjwa wenye majeraha sugu yenye uchungu kuagiziwa matibabu ya utaratibu ya ziada matibabu kwa sehemu ya mwili ya maumivu yao. Wanakliki wanatakiwa kushauriana na wenzao wenye kutoa maagizo kuangalia muongozo wa [http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/painladder/en/ Ngazi ya WHO ya kupuguza maumivu] wa uchaguzi wa utaratibu wa matibabu. Kwa kila hatua ya kuingilia kifamakolojia kuna uwezekano wa faida na matukio mabaya ambayo tabibu muagizi atahitaji kutafakari kwa kushirikiana na timu ya huduma ya matibabu ya jeraha . ===Kutibu kupungua kwa damu inayoingia katika sehemu fulani ya mwili na haipoksia=== VMishipa ya damu hujibana katika tishu ambayo inakuwa baridi na kupanuka katika tishu zenye joto , Kubadili viwango vya damu vinavyoingia katika eneo hilo. Hivyo kuweka tishu zikiwa na joto pengine ni muhimu katika kupambana na maambukizi na damu kutofika katika sehemu fulani ya mwili ipasavyo.<ref name="thomas"></ref> Baadhi ya wataalamu wa afya hutumia 'bendeji zenye kutoa joto' kuweka joto katika eneo hilo , na uangalifu lazima uwepo wakati wa upasuaji ili kuzuia kiwango cha chini kupindukia cha joto mwilini, ambayo huongeza viwango vya maambukizi baada ya upasuaji.<ref name="Mustoe"></ref> Shida ya damu kutoweza kufikia sehemu fulani ya mwili ipasavyo pia inaweza kutibiwa kwa upasuaji wa ateri wa kurejesha mtiririko wa damu katika sehemu ya au kiungo chote, kwa mfano katika vidonda vya wagonjwa wa kisukari, na wagonjwa wa vidonda vya vena wanaweza kufanyiwa upasuaji ili kusahihisha mishipa isiyofanya kazi vizuri. Wagonjwa wa kisukari ambao si wagombea wa upasuaji (na wengine) huenda pia wakapata oksijeni zaidi kwa tishu zao kwa Tiba ya kuwekewa Oksijeni katika shinikizo ya juu, au HBOT, ambayo inaweza kufidia upungufu wa ugavi wa damu na haipoksia sahihi.<ref name="Alleva"></ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Kranke P, Bennett M, Roeckl-Wiedmann I, Debus S |title=Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds |journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev |volume= |issue=2 |pages=CD004123 |year=2004 |pmid=15106239 |doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004123.pub2}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Zamboni WA, Wong HP, Stephenson LL, Pfeifer MA |title=Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen for diabetic wounds: a prospective study |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=175–9 |year=1997 |month=Septemba |pmid=9308140 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2279 |accessdate=2008-05-16 |archive-date=2011-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811180153/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2279 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Mbali na kuua bakteria, kiasi kikubwa cha oksijeni katika tishu kina sababisha uzalishaji na ukuaji wa vipengele kama vile, fibroblasti, na uotajimishipa.<ref name="snyder"></ref><ref name="Alleva"></ref> Hata hivyo, kuongezeka kwa kiwango cha oksijeni ina maana kuwa kuna kuongezeka kwa uzalishaji wa ROS.<ref name="Alleva"></ref> Antioksidanti, molekuli ambazo zinaweza kupoteza elektroni kwenda kwa radikali huru bila yenyewe kuwa radikali, inaweza kupunguza viwango vya vioksidishaji katika mwili na vimetumiwa kwa mafanikio kiasi katika uponyaji wa jeraha.<ref name="schon"></ref> Viwango vya chini vya tiba ya leza imeonyeshwa mara nyingi kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa ukubwa na ukali wa vidonda vya wagonjwa wa kisukari pamoja na vidonda vingine vya shinikizo. ===Vipengele vya ukuaji na homoni=== Kwa kuwa majeraha sugu hayaonyeshi vizuri vipengele vya ukuaji muhimu kwa ajili ya uponaji wa tishu, kupona jeraha sugu kunaweza kuharakishwa kwa kuondoa au kuchochea vipengele hivyo na kwa kuzuia kuzalishwa kwa wingi sana kwa protisi kama elastesi inayozipunguza.<ref name="Edwards"></ref><ref name="schon"></ref> Njia mojawapo ya kuongeza viwango vya vipegele vya ukuaji katika majeraha ni kwa kuweka vipengele vya ukuaji moja kwa moja, ingawa hii inahitaji marudio mengi na yanahitaji kiasi kikubwa cha vipengele.<ref name="schon"></ref> Njia nyingine ni kueneza jeli yenye chembe za kugandisha damu za mgonjwa mwenyewe, ambazo huzalisha vipengele vya ukuaji kama vile vipengele vya ukuaji utomvu wa endothelia (VEGF), vipengele vya ukuaji kama insulini 1-2 (IGF), PDGF, kubadilisha vipengele vya ukuaji vya -β (TGF-β), na vipengele vya kukua ngozi ya juu (EGF).<ref name="crovetti"></ref> matibabu mengine ni pamoja na kuweka keratinositi iliyostawishwa katika jeraha na kurudisha ngozi na kustawisha fibroblasti zinazowekwa katika majeraha.<ref name="Velander"></ref><ref name="brem"></ref> Baadhi ya wagonjwa hutibiwa na ngozi ya kubadilshwa bandia ambazo zina fibroblasti na keratinositi katika matriki ya kolajeni kuiga vipengele vya ngozi na kutoa vipengele vya ukuaji. Katika kesi nyingine, ngozi kutoka kwa maiti hutiwa kwenye majeraha, kutoa kinga ya kuzuia bakteria na kuzuia ukuaji wa chembechembe katika tishu , ambayo inaweza kusababisha ukuaji wa makovu mengi. Ingawa kipandikizi toafauti cha (ngozi kupandwa kutoka mwanachama wa [[Spishi|aina]] hiyo) kinabadilishwa kwa tishu ya kichembechembe na haingizwi katika jeraha linalopona, ina tia moyo ukuaji wa seli na hutoa utaratibu kwa seli za ngozi kuvukia .<ref name="snyder"></ref> Kwa majeraha sugu magumu sana , vipandikizi toafauti vinaweza kukosa kufanya kazi, inayohitaji vipande vya ngozi kutoka mahali pengine pa ngozi ya mgonjwa, ambayo inaweza kusababisha maumivu na dhiki zaidi kwa mfumo wa mgonjwa.<ref name="taylor"></ref> Vivazi vya kolajeni ni njia nyingine ya kutoa Matriki kwa kueneza ukuaji wa seli na uhamiaji, wakati pia inaweka unyevu katika jeraha na kufyonza rishai.<ref name="schon"></ref> Kwa kuwa viwango vya vizuia protisi vimepunguzwa katika majeraha sugu, baadhi ya watafiti wanatafuta njia za kuponya tishu kwa kuondoa vizuia hii vilivyo ndani yao.<ref name="Lai"></ref> Kizuia uzalishaji wa protisi leukositi (SLPI), ambacho hakizuii protisi tu ila pia kuvimba na vidubini kama vile virusi, bakteria na [[Kuvu|fungi]], inaweza kuthibitishwa kuwa tiba nzuri.<ref name="Lai"></ref> Utafiti kuhusu homoni na kupona kwa majeraha umeonyesha kuwa estrojeni inaharakisha kupona kwa majeraha kwa binadamu wazee na katika wanyama ambao wameondolewa ovari, labda kwa sababu ya kuzuia neutrofili kuingia katika jeraha na kutoa elastesi.<ref name="kanda"></ref> Hivyo matumizi ya estrojeni inawezakuwa tiba ya baadaye ya majeraha sugu. ==Epidemiolojia== Majeraha sugu zaidi huathiri watu wenye umri wa miaka 60 au zaidi.<ref name="Mustoe">{{cite journal |author=Mustoe T |title=Understanding chronic wounds: a unifying hypothesis on their pathogenesis and implications for therapy |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=187 |issue=5A |pages=65S–70S |year=2004 |month=Mei |pmid=15147994 |doi=10.1016/S0002-9610(03)00306-4 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0002961003003064}}</ref> Matukio ni 0.78% ya idadi ya watu na maambukizi ni kati ya 0.18 hadi 0.32%.<ref name="crovetti">{{cite journal |author=Crovetti G, Martinelli G, Issi M, ''et al.'' |title=Platelet gel for healing cutaneous chronic wounds |journal=Transfus. Apher. Sci. |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=145–51 |year=2004 |month=Aprili |pmid=15062754 |doi=10.1016/j.transci.2004.01.004 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1473-0502(04)00027-8}}</ref> Kadri idadi ya inavyoongezeka, idadi ya majeraha sugu inatarajiwa kuongezeka.<ref name="supp">{{cite journal |author=Supp DM, Boyce ST |title=Engineered skin substitutes: practices and potentials |journal=Clin. Dermatol. |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=403–12 |year=2005 |pmid=16023936 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2004.07.023 |url=http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0738-081X(04)00140-3}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo|2}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite book |author=Edited by Paul J. Sheffield, PhD; Caroline E. Fife, MD |title=Wound Care Practice, 2nd Edition |publisher=Best Publishing Company |year=2008 |pages=1312 |isbn=978-1-930536-38-8 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate= |unused_data=Flagstaff, AZ}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/com/pathology/sherman/home_pg.htm Mradi wa Tiba ya Mabuu] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ucihs.uci.edu/com/pathology/sherman/home_pg.htm |date=20090221045334 }} mtandao uko katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, Irvine, orodha ya matabibu wa tiba ya mabuu * http://www.monarchlabs.com/ wauzaji wa mabuu wa utabibu(mabuu waliosafishwa ''Phaenicia sericata'' ), picha ya bakuli mabuu wa kimatibabu *[http://www.bterfoundation.org/ Msingi wa Elimu na Utafiti Foundation wa BioTherapeutics ] * http://www.thewoundinstitute.com {{Wayback|url=http://www.thewoundinstitute.com/ |date=20070206212710 }} elimu inayotolewa yenye kibali, maingiliano na huduma ya jeraha inayotolewa bila gharama yoyote * http://www.elephantintheroom.com.au {{Wayback|url=http://www.elephantintheroom.com.au/ |date=20090127061057 }} tovuti ya kampeni ya ufahamu ya Ushirika wa Australia wa Kudhibiti Majeraha [[Category:ngozi]] 577io0t16ndwvzxzg0n1882i1a0j0y7 0 56395 1611896 1371246 2026-10-29T12:36:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611896 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimoni wa Faversham''' ([[Faversham]], [[Kent]], [[Uingereza]], [[1200]] hivi - [[Anagni]], [[Italia]], [[1243]] hivi) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na mkuu wa [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] ([[1240]]-[[1243]]). Alipojiunga na [[shirika]] hilo [[mwaka]] [[1225]] alikuwa tayari [[padri]] ([[mwanajimbo]]) na [[mwalimu]] wa [[teolojia]] huko [[Paris]] ([[Ufaransa]]). Kisha kufundisha tena katika [[vyuo]] mbalimbali, alifanywa [[balozi]] wa [[Papa]] kwa [[kaisari]] wa [[Ufalme wa Bizanti|Dola la Roma Mashariki]] [[Yohane III wa Nisea]] mwaka [[1233]]. Aliongoza upinzani dhidi ya [[Elia Bombarone]] na baada ya [[Mauti|kifo]] cha [[Alberto wa Pisa]] akachaguliwa kuwa mkuu wa shirika lote. Ndiye aliyelipatia [[sura]] ya kudumu kufuatana na mfano wa [[Wadominiko]] upande wa [[muundo]], [[utume]], [[masomo]] na [[liturujia]]. Taratibu za [[maisha]] zikazidi kufuata [[mitindo]] ya [[umonaki|kimonaki]], pamoja na watawa kujitafutia visingizio vya [[sheria|kisheria]] wasibanwe nazo. Chini yake makao ya [[Umaskini|kifukara]] ya [[Mkaapweke|upwekeni]] yalizidi kuachwa ili wanashirika wahamie [[nyumba]] kubwa za [[Mji|mijini]], zenye [[Kanisa (jengo)|makanisa]] makubwa ambamo wafanye [[utume]], wakiwanyang’anya ma[[paroko]] waamini na [[sadaka]] zao. Alikubaliwa na [[Papa Gregori IX]] kwamba Watumishi wa kanda pia waweze kuruhusu ndugu wakahubiri. Kama alivyofanya mwenyewe huko Paris, Ndugu Wadogo wakazidi kushika nafasi kwenye [[vyuo vikuu]] na vinginevyo, na kuwa na uzito mkubwa ndani ya [[Kanisa]], jambo lililowasogeza mbali na [[udogo]] uliowapasa. Badala ya ndugu wote kuwa sawa, ma[[bradha]] wakanyimwa kabisa nafasi za [[uongozi]] na kukubaliwa tu kutoa huduma ndogondogo za nyumbani ([[bustani]] n.k.), wakiwaachia [[raia]] huduma duni zaidi. [[Kazi za mikono]] nje ya [[konventi]] zilikatazwa; badala yake ile ya kuombaomba ikaja kusifiwa na kushika nafasi ya kwanza upande wa [[uchumi]]. Zilipangwa pia njia za hakika za kupata mahitaji, hasa kwa nyumba za masomo. Akiwa mkuu wa shirika alitoa [[ufafanuzi]] wa kanuni (''Expositio regulae'') wa walimu wa Paris na [[breviari]] ya [[Wafransisko]]. Alipokufa, mvutano ndani ya shirika ulijitokeza kwa nguvu. [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1200]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1243]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanateolojia wa Uingereza]] riyxsddyg0h5nqtay2uynjey054zz5p 1611898 1611896 2026-10-29T12:38:04Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611898 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimoni wa Faversham''' ([[Faversham]], [[Kent]], [[Uingereza]], [[1200]] hivi - [[Anagni]], [[Italia]], [[1243]] hivi) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na mkuu wa [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] ([[1240]]-[[1243]]). Alipojiunga na [[shirika]] hilo [[mwaka]] [[1225]] alikuwa tayari [[padri]] ([[mwanajimbo]]) na [[mwalimu]] wa [[teolojia]] huko [[Paris]] ([[Ufaransa]]). Kisha kufundisha tena katika [[vyuo]] mbalimbali, alifanywa [[balozi]] wa [[Papa]] kwa [[kaisari]] wa [[Ufalme wa Bizanti|Dola la Roma Mashariki]] [[Yohane III wa Nisea]] mwaka [[1233]]. Aliongoza upinzani dhidi ya [[Elia Bombarone]] na baada ya [[Mauti|kifo]] cha [[Alberto wa Pisa]] akachaguliwa kuwa mkuu wa shirika lote. Ndiye aliyelipatia [[sura]] ya kudumu kufuatana na mfano wa [[Wadominiko]] upande wa [[muundo]], [[utume]], [[masomo]] na [[liturujia]]. Taratibu za [[maisha]] zikazidi kufuata [[mitindo]] ya [[umonaki|kimonaki]], pamoja na watawa kujitafutia visingizio vya [[sheria|kisheria]] wasibanwe nazo. Chini yake makao ya [[Umaskini|kifukara]] ya [[Mkaapweke|upwekeni]] yalizidi kuachwa ili wanashirika wahamie [[nyumba]] kubwa za [[Mji|mijini]], zenye [[Kanisa (jengo)|makanisa]] makubwa ambamo wafanye [[utume]], wakiwanyang’anya ma[[paroko]] waamini na [[sadaka]] zao. Alikubaliwa na [[Papa Gregori IX]] kwamba Watumishi wa kanda pia waweze kuruhusu ndugu wakahubiri. Kama alivyofanya mwenyewe huko Paris, Ndugu Wadogo wakazidi kushika nafasi kwenye [[vyuo vikuu]] na vinginevyo, na kuwa na uzito mkubwa ndani ya [[Kanisa]], jambo lililowasogeza mbali na [[udogo]] uliowapasa. Badala ya ndugu wote kuwa sawa, ma[[bradha]] wakanyimwa kabisa nafasi za [[uongozi]] na kukubaliwa tu kutoa huduma ndogondogo za nyumbani ([[bustani]] n.k.), wakiwaachia [[raia]] huduma duni zaidi. [[Kazi za mikono]] nje ya [[konventi]] zilikatazwa; badala yake ile ya kuombaomba ikaja kusifiwa na kushika nafasi ya kwanza upande wa [[uchumi]]. Zilipangwa pia njia za hakika za kupata mahitaji, hasa kwa nyumba za masomo. Akiwa mkuu wa shirika alitoa [[ufafanuzi]] wa kanuni (''Expositio regulae'') wa walimu wa Paris na [[breviari]] ya [[Wafransisko]]. Alipokufa, mvutano ndani ya shirika ulijitokeza kwa nguvu. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1200]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1243]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanateolojia wa Uingereza]] 8buayqn5klwwlctmjomsmr0vgewadcd 0 100905 1612012 1500486 2026-10-30T08:19:04Z Bray Mushi 60482 1612012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:20180610 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Brazil Gabriel Jesus 850 1688.jpg|thumb|337x337px|Gabriel Jesus]] '''Gabriel Fernando Jesus,''' alizaliwa [[3 Aprili]] [[1997]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gabriel Jesus - Arsenal Forward - ESPN (UK)|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/217289/gabriel-jesus|work=ESPN|accessdate=2024-05-02|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gabriel Jesus|url=https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/gabriel-jesus/|work=worldfootball.net|date=2024-01-31|accessdate=2024-05-02|language=en}}</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Brazil]] ambaye anacheza katika [[klabu]] ya [[Ligi Kuu]] ya [[Hispania|Uhispania]] [[Barcelona F.C.|Barcelona]] na [[timu ya taifa|timu ya Taifa]] ya Brazil. Gabriel anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] katika ngazi ya klabu na katika timu ya Taifa. Jesus, alianza [[kazi]] yake huko [[Palmeiras]]. Alipigiwa kura kuwa [[mgeni]] bora wa [[2015]] katika [[michuano]] ya Brazil na [[Serie A]], mwaka ambao pia alisaidia timu yake kushinda [[Copa do Brasil]]. [[Mwaka]] uliofuata aliitwa kuwa mchezaji wa [[msimu]] huko [[Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras|Palmeiras]], alishinda [[cheo]] cha kwanza cha [[ligi]] ya kitaifa akiwa na miaka 22<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PTD fala com Gabriel Fernando, destaque do sub-17 {{!}} Palmeiras Todo Dia|url=http://www.verdao.net/noticia.php?n=12383|work=www.verdao.net|accessdate=2024-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Joia 2015: famoso na base, Gabriel Jesus é "fenômeno" do Palmeiras|url=https://globoesporte.globo.com/futebol/times/palmeiras/noticia/2015/01/joia-2015-famoso-na-base-gabriel-jesus-e-fenomeno-do-palmeiras.html|work=globoesporte.com|date=2015-01-01|accessdate=2024-05-02|language=pt-br|author=Por Felipe Zito e Rodrigo FaberSão Paulo}}</ref>. Alijiunga na [[Manchester City]] mwezi [[Januari]] [[2017]] kwa [[ada]] ya [[Pauni|€]] [[milioni]] 32, na alishinda Ligi Kuu na [[EFL Cup]] mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gabriel Jesus|url=https://www.arsenal.com/men/players/gabriel-jesus|work=www.arsenal.com|accessdate=2023-02-26|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1997|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:1lib1ref 2023]] 69art2euqjqiwhrkgh2tnli5r8ce5m6 0 110486 1611953 1483326 2026-10-29T21:32:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = |picha = Joyce_Msuya_Mpanju_(2019)_Ausschnitt.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 2 Januari 1968 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Dar es Salaam |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Mtaalamu wa mazingira |nchi = Tanzania }} '''Joyce Msuya''' (alizaliwa [[Dar es Salaam]], [[2 Januari]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwanabiolojia]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa [[mazingira]] kutoka [[Tanzania]], aliyekuwa Katibu Mkuu Msaidizi wa UM kwa Shughuli ya Hisani na mratibu msaidizi wa miradi ya misaada ya hisani ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]].<ref>[https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/tanzania-s-joyce-msuya-appointed-un-assistant-secretary-general-for-humanitarian-affairs--3653544 Tanzania’s Joyce Msuya appointed UN Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/tanzania-s-joyce-msuya-appointed-un-assistant-secretary-general-for-humanitarian-affairs--3653544 |date=20211215095244 }}, gazeti la Citizen 15-12-2021</ref>. Hadi kuteuliwa kwa kazi hiyo [[Desemba]] [[2021]] alikuwa Kaimu Mkurugenzi Tekelezi wa [[Mradi wa Umoja wa Mataifa Kuhusu Mazingira]] (UNEP) na Msaidizi wa Katibu Mkuu wa UM tangu [[mwaka]] [[2018]].<ref>[https://www.unep.org/sw/people/joyce-msuya Joyce Msuya] {{Wayback|url=https://www.unep.org/sw/people/joyce-msuya |date=20211215095244 }}, tovuti ya UNEP, iliangaliwa Desemba 2021</ref>. ==Maisha na elimu== Joyce Msuya ni [[mtoto]] wa [[nne]] wa [[Cleopa David Msuya|Cleopa Msuya]] aliyekuwa [[Wizara ya Fedha na Uchumi|Katibu wa Wizara ya Uchumi na Mipango]] akaendelea kuhudumia kama [[Waziri Mkuu]] wa Tanzania mara tatu. Alianza masomo kwenye [[shule ya msingi]] ya Forodhani, Dar es Salaam akamaliza Form VI [[Machame Weruweru|Shule ya Sekondari ya Weruweru]] kwenye [[mkoa wa Kilimanjaro]]<ref>Hayo na mengine kutoka makala "Itachukua muda, fedha nyingi Dar es Salaam kuwa jiji la kisasa", katika gazeti la Mwananchi, tar 28 Machi 2019, uk. 13 </ref>. Alisoma [[Chuo Kikuu cha Strathclyde]], [[Glasgow]] ([[Uskoti]]) alipopokea mwaka [[1992]] [[shahada ya kwanza]] katika [[Biokemia|somo la biokemia]]. Akaendelea na masomo yake [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ottawa]], [[Kanada]] alipohitimu mwaka [[1996]] kwa [[Uzamili|shahada ya uzamili]] ya [[mikrobiolojia]] na [[elimu ya kingamaradhi]]<ref>[https://www.unenvironment.org/people/joyce-msuya Joyce Msuya] {{Wayback|url=https://www.unenvironment.org/people/joyce-msuya |date=20190328131305 }}, tovuti ya UNEP, iliangaliwa 28 Machi 2019</ref>. Ameolewa na Onesmo Mpanju akazaa watoto wawili. ==Kazi== === Kazi ya awali === Kabla ya kujiunga na [[World Bank Group]], Msuya alifanya kazi kama Mchambuzi wa Sera za Afya Kimataifa katika Liu Center for Global Studies (sasa Liu Institute for Global Issues) katika Chuo Kikuu cha British [[Columbia]], Canada. Kabla ya hapo, alifanya kazi nchini Tanzania katika miradi mbalimbali, ikiwa katika sekta binafsi na ya umma.<ref name="4R">{{cite web|url=https://masonkorea.gmu.edu/presidents-advisory-board/msuya-joyce/|title=George Mason University Korea: Joyce Msuya, Member of the President's Advisory Board|location=Seoul|publisher=Masonkorea.gmu.edu|author=George Mason University Korea|access-date=22 May 2018|date=2016|archive-date=23 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523103229/https://masonkorea.gmu.edu/presidents-advisory-board/msuya-joyce/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Kazi katika Benki ya Dunia === Msuya alijiunga na Benki ya Dunia mwaka [[1998]] kama Mtaalamu wa Afya. Alijenga utaalamu katika uchumi wa maendeleo pamoja na shughuli za mikopo katika sekta ya afya wakati wa kazi yake katika Benki ya Kimataifa ya Ujenzi na Maendeleo. Mwaka [[2001]], alijiunga na Makao Makuu ya Masuala ya Uchumi wa Maendeleo ya Benki ya Dunia kama Mshauri kwa Makamu Mkuu na Kiongozi wa Uchumi, Profesa Lord Nicholas Stern.<ref name="4R" /> Kutoka [[2005]] hadi [[2011]], alifanya kazi katika Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa, katika Idara za Mikakati ya Uendeshaji na Sekta za Utengenezaji, Kilimo na Huduma, ambapo alipanda hadi nafasi ya Afisa Mkuu wa Mikakati. Mnamo mwaka 2011, Msuya alipelekwa katika ofisi ya [[Beijing]] ya Taasisi ya Benki ya Dunia kama Mratibu wa Kanda kwa Asia Mashariki na Pasifiki, akizingatia msaada kwa kazi za Benki katika juhudi zake za "kupambana na umasikini na kukuza ustawi wa pamoja". Mnamo Aprili [[2014]], Menejimenti ya juu ilimchagua Msuya kuanzisha na kusimamia ofisi ya kwanza ya World Bank Group katika [[South Korea|Jamhuri ya Korea]], akiwa kwa muda wa miaka mitatu kama Mwakilishi Maalum wa Benki ya Dunia na Kiongozi wa Ofisi ya [[World Bank Group]] iliyoko Songdo, [[Incheon]], Korea Kusini. Baadaye, Msuya alihudumu kama mshauri kwa Makamu wa Rais wa Benki ya Dunia kwa kanda ya Asia Mashariki na Pasifiki, akiwa makao yake makuu [[Washington, DC]].<ref name="5R">{{cite web|access-date=22 May 2018|url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Tanzanian-lands-top-UN-job/1840340-4574492-7ne91qz/index.html|date=22 May 2018|title=Tanzanian lands top UN job|newspaper=[[The Citizen (Tanzania)]]|location=Dar es Salaam|first=John|last=Namkwahe}}</ref> === Kazi katika UNEP === Kutoka 2018 hadi 2021, Msuya alihudumu kama Makamu Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa ''United Nations Environment Programme'' (UNEP) akiwa katika kiwango cha Msaidizi wa Katibu Mkuu. Aliteuliwa katika nafasi hii na ''United Nations Secretary-General'' [[António Guterres]] mnamo 21 Mei 2018, kwa kipindi cha miaka 5.<ref name="2R">{{cite web|url=http://www.azaniapost.com/agenda/tanzanian-economist-appointed-to-head-unep-h17742.html|title=Tanzanian economist appointed to head UNEP|access-date=22 May 2018|date=22 May 2018|location=Dar es Salaam|publisher=Azaniapost.com|author=Azania Post Reporter|archive-date=23 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523095919/http://www.azaniapost.com/agenda/tanzanian-economist-appointed-to-head-unep-h17742.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alichukua nafasi ya Ibrahim Thiaw wa Mauritania, ambaye alikuwa amemaliza kipindi chake. Baada ya kujiuzulu kwa Erik Solheim mnamo [[Novemba]] [[2018]], Msuya aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa UNEP kwa muda wa kuendesha shughuli.<ref>{{cite web|title=Note to Correspondents on the resignation of Erik Solheim|url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/note-correspondents/2018-11-20/note-correspondents-resignation-erik-solheim|website=United Nations Secretary-General|accessdate=23 November 2018|date=20 November 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] rljx5kr611gax8ibvklrtnmrhnxp02f 0 111023 1611901 1602224 2026-10-29T12:51:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611901 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godfrey Steven Semwaiko''' (alizaliwa [[4 Oktoba]] [[1975]]) ni [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] na pia [[mchoraji]] kutokea [[shule]] ya [[uchongaji]] ya [[Bagamoyo]], [[Tanzania]]. Pia ni mmoja wa [[waanzilishi]] wa [[Chama cha Wasanii Tanzania]]. <ref> https://www.saahiihii.com/storyPage.php?lang=SWT&page=ABOUT&section=ART_ENTERT&story=1&businessNo=1308&action=card </ref> ==Elimu== Godfrey alijiunga na shule ya msingi Mkoani iliyopo Kibaha. <ref> https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/magazine/soundliving/PROFILE---Telling-stories-through-art/1843780-3385814-oguapdz/index.html </ref> Alisoma shule ya sekondari Kibaha na kufanikiwa kutunukiwa cheti cha elimu hiyo ya sekondari katika ngazi ya kidato cha kwanza hadi cha nne mwaka 1992. Aliweza kuendelea na masomo yake ya elimu ya sekondari, kidato cha tano na cha sita katika shule hiyo hiyo ya sekondari ya Kibaha na mnamo mwaka 1995 alitunukiwa cheti cha kuhitimu. Mwaka 1997, Godfrey aliweza kujiunga na mafunzo katika mradi wa Uchongaji wa Sanamu, Sculpture project Bagamoyo, Tanzania - art education chini ya Stanislaw Lux<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Om mig :: Stanislawlux-com|url=https://stanislawlux-com.webnode.se/om-oss/|work=stanislawlux-com.webnode.se|date=2023-04-13|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=sv}}</ref>, nakuibuka kidedea kwa kutunukiwa cheti cha mwaka mmoja cha Usanifu na Sanaa mwaka 1998. Mwaka mmoja baadae, Godfrey aliweza kujiunga na masomo ya Sanaa nchini Uswidi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hjo Konstskola - konstnärligt projektår - folkhogskola.nu|url=https://www.folkhogskola.nu/sok-skolor/Vastra-Gotalands-lan/Hjo-folkhogskola/Kurser/2022ht/hjo-konstskola---konstnarligt-projektar/|work=www.folkhogskola.nu|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=sv|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213072616/https://www.folkhogskola.nu/sok-skolor/Vastra-Gotalands-lan/Hjo-folkhogskola/Kurser/2022ht/hjo-konstskola---konstnarligt-projektar/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ambapo alihitimu mwaka 2001. <ref> https://www.saahiihii.com/storyPage.php?lang=SWT&page=ABOUT&section=ART_ENTERT&story=1&businessNo=1308&action=card </ref>Mwaka 2013 alijiunga na Taasisi ya Kiteknolojia ya Dar es salaam, Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology (DIT)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dar es Salaam Institute of Technology|url=https://www.dit.ac.tz/|work=www.dit.ac.tz|accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref> kwa miaka mitatu na kuhitimu pia kutunukiwa cheti cha mwanafunzi bora katika kozi ya Multimedia and Film Technology. Katika kujiendeleza kielimu, Godfrey alijiunga na chuo kikuu cha Asia (Asia University)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Asia University, Taiwan 歡迎光臨亞洲大學全球資訊網|url=https://web.asia.edu.tw/EN/index.php|work=web.asia.edu.tw|accessdate=2024-02-13|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213072618/https://web.asia.edu.tw/EN/index.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>, nchini Taiwan na kuhitimu shahada ya uzamili katika "''Digital Media Design''"<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dept. of Digital Media Design, Asia University|url=https://dmd.asia.edu.tw/?locale=en|work=Dept. of Digital Media Design, Asia University|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213072618/https://dmd.asia.edu.tw/?locale=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> mwaka 2022. Katika kujiendeleza kitaaluma, mwaka 2023, Godfrey alihitimu kozi ya mwaka mmoja na kutunukiwa cheti cha ualimu katika programu ya TEACH-NOW®<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Online Teaching Certification|url=https://moreland.edu/teacher-certification|work=Moreland University|date=2023-12-19|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> ambayo hufundisha kozi ya kiwango cha wahitimu inayohitajika kwa uthibitisho mbadala wa kufundisha toka chuo kikuu cha Moreland<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Home|url=https://moreland.edu/|work=Moreland University|date=2023-12-19|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> nchini USA. ==Kazi== Godfrey ni msanii anayeshughulika na uchoraji, uchongaji wa sanamu na sanaa za kidijitali ikiwemo vitabu ingiliani, ukaragushi, michoro rembo pamoja na utengenezaji wa filamu <ref> https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2379694/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm </ref> Godfrey pia anapenda kufundisha kwa kujumuisha sanaa za jadi za ufundi kama uchoraji, uchongaji nk katika sanaa ya kidijitali kwa kutumia utafiti na matumizi ya akili bandia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Proceedings of International Conference on Studies in Engineering, Science, and Technology 2023|url=https://www.istes.org/proceedings-of-international-conference-on-studies-in-engineering-science-and-technology-2023-56-b.html|work=www.istes.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en|author=ISTES-International Society for Technology, Education and Science|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065051/https://www.istes.org/proceedings-of-international-conference-on-studies-in-engineering-science-and-technology-2023-56-b.html|url-status=dead}} https://www.istes.org/proceedings-of-international-conference-on-studies-in-engineering-science-and-technology-2023-56-b.html {{Wayback|url=https://www.istes.org/proceedings-of-international-conference-on-studies-in-engineering-science-and-technology-2023-56-b.html |date=20240213065051 }}</ref> Kwa uwasilishaji wake katika mkutano wa kimataifa, ''International Conference on Studies in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ICSEST)'' uliofanyika '''Octoba 20-23, 2023''' imjini '''Antalya, Uturuki'''. Godfrey alipokea tuzo ya "Tafiti Bora," ambayo ilitolewa kwa wasilisho ambalo lilipitiwa na kutawaliwa na wanakamati kulingana na uhalisi, mbinu, na matokeo ya utafiti<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Best Paper Award {{!}} International Conference on Studies in Engineering, Science, and Technology|url=https://www.2023.icsest.net/pages/29/best-paper-award|work=www.2023.icsest.net|accessdate=2024-02-13|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213065051/https://www.2023.icsest.net/pages/29/best-paper-award|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Godfrey amewahi kufanya kazi katika taasisi mbalimbali nchini tanzania na nje ya Tanzania, kwa mikataba ya muda mfupi na mrefu, ikiwemo Independent Television Tanzania (ITV)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ITV - Independent Television|url=https://www.itv.co.tz/|work=ITV - Independent Television|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> mwaka 2001. Mwaka 2005 - 2006 aliajiriwa nchini Uingereza kwenye mradi wa utunzaji mazingira kwa ajili ya kutayarisha na kuchora michoro ya kitabu cha kufundishia mbinu mbalimbali za kutunza mazingira kwa nchi za Afrika, Pan- African Conservation Education (PACE).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=PACE|url=https://www.paceproject.net/|work=PACE - Pan African Conservation Education|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en-GB|author=PACE-WWW-Admin}}</ref> Mwaka 2007 - 2012 alianzisha na kuiongoza kampuni yake binafsi ya sanaa na burudani yenye kutayarisha michoro, makala za video, na kurekodi muziki, ikiwa na studio ya kurekodi, iitwayo Usanii Production LTD.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About|url=https://www.saahiihii.com/business/1396/picture/1|work=www.saahiihii.com|accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref> ambapo baadae ilimuajiri mtayarishaji kutoka nchini Uswidi, [https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/g/11f8f957bw&hl=en-TW&q=Fundi+Samweli&kgs=46c53214b5f77fd2&shndl=17&shem=losc&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/m5/1 Fundi Samweli] na aliyekuwa mkewe Sara Lundstrom a.k. Saraha. Baadhi ya kazi zilizozalishwa na Usanii Production Ltd, ni pamoja na ''Fei''<ref>{{Citation|title=Fareed Kubanda a.k.a Fid Q - FEI|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Kky2Uxh_YQ|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>, wa Farid Kubanga, a.k.a Fid Q, ''Sweety Sixteen''<ref>{{Citation|title=Sweety Sixteen (feat. Fundi Samweli)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdugfmwlZhA|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref> (Nako 2 Nako feat. Fundi Samweli), ''My Dear''<ref>{{Citation|title=AKIL THE BRAIN FT BIGJAHMAN & SARAHA - My Dear (Video Music Official)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fj_tgwGak1Y|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>, ''Jambazi''<ref>{{Citation|title=SaRaha Jambazi [Official Video] 2012|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hJ1W_-1g0L8|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>, ''Tanesco''<ref>{{Citation|title=SaRaha Tanesco|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGzg9HSS75w|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref> zote zilizoimbwa na kushirikishwa mwanamuziki Saraha ''Nikumbatie''<ref>{{Citation|title=JohMakini ft Fundi Samweli - Nikumbatie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d_wsntXabeE|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref> wa Joh Makini ft Fundi Samweli. ''Aifola''<ref>{{Citation|title=Linex Feat. Fundi Samweli - Aifola|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cHlVXkk6sM|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref> wa Linex<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Linexsundaymjeda - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgV0ngmDnVl1KQT9rWMMJ5w|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref> Feat. Fundi Samweli. ==Uzoefu== Godfrey ana uzoefu wa muda mrefu katika kazi za uchoraji vitabuni, uhariri na utayarishaji wa makala za video, vipindi vya Televisheni, Filamu za animation, pia uchoraji wa kidijiti (Digital Art). Baadhi ya kazi alizozizalisha katika utayarishaji wa makala ni pamoja na makala ya kuadhimisha miaka 40 ya Shirika la Elimu Kibaha<ref>{{Citation|title=SHIRIKA LA ELIMU KIBAHA_ MIAKA 40|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCnpF2WSCQs|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>, Mafanikio ya Mfuko wa Utamaduni Tanzania (Tanzania Education Authority - TEA<ref>{{Citation|title=TANZANIA EDUCATION AUTHORITY TEA|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIVRBdTH0dA|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>), makala maalumu inayomhusu Dr. David Urkevist<ref>{{Citation|title=THE LAST INTERVIEW WITH THE LATE DR DAVID URKEVIST|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLjW0bFcQd8|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>, Kuandaa vipindi vya Televisheni kuhusu programu za Plan International Tanzania<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Plan International - Tanzania|url=https://plan-international.org/tanzania/|work=Plan International Tanzania|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en-GB}}</ref> vya kupambana na haki za watoto wa kike na mimba za utotoni<ref>{{Citation|title=MWANZA SCHOOL GIRLS DEBATE ON EARLY PREGNANCY|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BV1fIzUplTo|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2024-02-13}}</ref>. Godfrey ameshiriki katika utungaji na utayarishaji wa filamu fupi ya animation iitwayo ''[https://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/document-2862 Toto's Journey]'' Pia Godfrey ameongoza na kusimamia utayarishaji na urukaji wa vipindi vya "[https://www.youtube.com/@safariyadodoma490 Safari ya Dodoma]", kwenye Televisheni ya [[:en:Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation|TBC]] {| class="wikitable" |+Uchoraji na Usanifu wa Vitabu uliofanywa na Godfrey Semwaiko !Jina la Kitabu !Mchapaji/ Mtayarishaji !Mwandishi !Mwaka |- |Mtoto Katika Nyumba ya Chatu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mtoto katika nyumba ya chatu {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/891770196|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Vitabu Vya Kibaha, Tanzania |Josephat Seng’enge |1995 |- |Zimwi na Chanzo Kipya cha Maji |WaterAid Tanzania Project<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania {{!}} WaterAid UK|url=https://www.wateraid.org/where-we-work/tanzania|work=www.wateraid.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Tanya Zebroff |1998 |- |CBP catalogue 1999 – 2000 |Tanzania Children's Book Project (CBP) |CBP<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Children&#039;s Book Project|url=https://www.comminit.com/global/content/childrens-book-project|work=The Communication Initiative Network|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |1999 |- |Amabhuku (illustrations from Africa) |''La Joie par les livres'' | |1999 |- |Leo ni Siku Gani<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Maktaba.org - Free Education {{!}} Leo ni Siku Gani?|url=https://www.maktaba.org/book/501/leo-ni-siku-gani|work=www.maktaba.org|accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref> |E & D Ltd<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=END Vision Publishers Limited Company|url=https://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/|work=www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz|accessdate=2024-02-13|archive-date=2024-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619171307/http://edvisionpublishing.co.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Alice K Rugu |2000 |- |Mtawa na Binti Mfalme<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Mtawa_na_binti_mfalme.html?id=uQwkAQAAMAAJ|title=Mtawa na binti mfalme|last=Mwanga|first=Abel K.|last2=Mkufya|first2=W. E.|date=1998|publisher=Ruvu Publishers|isbn=978-9976-965-18-6|language=sw}}</ref> |Ruvu Publishers Co. Ltd<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ruvu Publishers Ltd, Companies & Businesses, Tanzania, ...022 211 5|url=https://www.africanadvice.com/1207772/Companies_And_Businesses/Tanzania/Ruvu_Publishers_Ltd/|work=www.africanadvice.com|accessdate=2024-02-13|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213102700/https://www.africanadvice.com/1207772/Companies_And_Businesses/Tanzania/Ruvu_Publishers_Ltd/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |W.E Mkufya<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=W. E. Mkufya - Google Search|url=https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/0c42yfw&hl=en-TW&q=W.+E.+Mkufya&kgs=c0eff624a197a59a&shndl=17&shem=losc&source=sh/x/kp/osrp/m5/1|work=www.google.com|accessdate=2024-02-13}}</ref> |1998, 2002 |- |Mvua Yenye Balaa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mvua yenye balaa {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1007427729|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Tanzania Educational Publishers<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=TANZANIA EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS LTD Store Ecommerce Website|url=https://www.tepu.co.tz/|work=www.tepu.co.tz|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en|archive-date=2024-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213102659/https://www.tepu.co.tz/|url-status=dead}}</ref>, CBP |Johansen N Machume |2002 |- |Majigambo ya Wadudu<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Majigambo ya wadudu {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1007419951|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Tanzania Educational Publishers<ref name=":0" />, CBP |Johansen N Machume |2002 |- |Mapambano<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mapambano {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1007420229|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Tanzania Educational Publishers<ref name=":0" />, CBP |Johansen N Machume |2002 |- |Mzee Alfabeti<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mzee alfabeti {{!}} WorldCat.org|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1007428804|work=search.worldcat.org|accessdate=2024-02-13|language=en}}</ref> |Tanzania Educational Publishers<ref name=":0" />, CBP |Johansen N Machume |2002 |- |[https://books.google.com/books/about/Kabo_and_the_Rain_God.html?id=iihsBJprCWUC Kabo and The Rain God] |[[:en:Heinemann_(publisher)|Heinemann Educational; Oxford, UK]] |[https://www.waterstones.com/author/anthony-umelo/679366 Anthony Umelo] |2002 |- |Femina Magazine Kuishi Kwa Matumaini na Virusi Vya UKIMWI UKIMWI Katika Jamii Yetu VVU na UKIMWI Huathiri Watoto Pia VVU, UKIMWI na Tiba |[https://feminahip.or.tz/how-we-do-it/fema-magazine/ Femina-Hip, Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=https://feminahip.or.tz/how-we-do-it/fema-magazine/ |date=20240213104205 }} | |2003 2004 2006 |- |Hadithi isiyo na mwisho, Fisi na Kucha za Simba, Watoto na Zimwi, Kaona Njigi kadhani Njege, Ua la Zalizali, Nora na Matunda ya Ajabu, Popo Ndege na Panya, Karibu Social Studies (Teachers Guide, Grades 1&2), Karibu Social Studies Grade 1 & 2, Haramu, Spared, Nataka kuwa tajiri, Msako, Diwani ya Ustaadhi Nyamaume, Guberi Mfawidhi na Rusa, Diwani ya Jinamizi, Elimu Jamii na Chemsha Bongo kwa Mashairi, Masimulizi ya Alfu Lela U Lela 1-4 (Cover designs), Mafunzo ya Uzazi wa Mpango (Cover Design), Wasifu wa Siti Biti Saad. |[https://mkukinanyota.com/ Mkuki na Nyota Publishers] |waandishi mbalimbali |2002-2008 |- |PRESIDENTKANDIDATEN |Vitabu Vya Kibaha |Munga Tehenani |2005 |- |[https://www.amazon.com/Africa-Our-Home-Sasha-Norris/dp/095556820X Africa Our Home] |[https://www.paceproject.net/ PACE], [https://www.tusk.org/ TUSK-UK] |Sasha Norris |2006 - 2019 |- |Rehema has a Cat, Nataka Keki yangu, Marimba ya Majaliwa, Elimu ya Mazingira – NISHATI (WWF Tanzania Environmental Education Programme), Elimu ya Mazingira – Bahari (WWF Tanzania Environmental Education Programme) |[https://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/ E&D Vision Publishers] {{Wayback|url=https://www.edvisionpublishing.co.tz/ |date=20240619171307 }} |Waandishi mbalimbali |2000-2007 |- |[https://web.archive.org/web/20240213102702/https://www.limmatverlag.ch/programm/titel/134-aisha-mussa-zawadi.html Aisha, Mussa, Zawadi] (Usanifu kwa toleo la Kiswahili) |Tanzania –Switzerland Cooperation |Elisabeth Kaestli |2011 |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Category:Wasanii wa Tanzania]] jjaqct2zmco4akfv94he7dh2ld2rw36 0 120755 1611931 1584455 2026-10-29T17:24:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611931 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mwanasiasa | name = Isabel dos Santos | image = ©NC IdS.jpg | image_size = | caption = Isabel dos Santos mnamo 2019 |birth_name = Isabel dos Santos |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|4|20|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web |first=Filipe S. |last=Fernandes |url=http://multimedia.fnac.pt/multimedia/PT/pdf/9789897412257.pdf |archivedate=June 15, 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615084218/http://multimedia.fnac.pt/multimedia/PT/pdf/9789897412257.pdf |title=Isabel dos Santos - Segredos e poder do dinheiro |language=pt }}</ref> |residence = Dubai, UAE |nationality = Russia<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://expresso.pt/economia/2020-01-03-Isabel-dos-Santos-muda-se-para-o-Dubai-um-novo-paraiso-fiscal|title=Isabel dos Santos muda-se para o Dubai, um novo paraíso fiscal|website=Jornal Expresso}}</ref>, Angola | alma_mater = [[King's College London]] | occupation = Mjasiriamali, mfanyabiashara | known_for = | spouse = Sindika Dokolo, tangu 2002 | children = 3<ref name=Burgis29Mar>{{cite news|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6ffd2edc-955e-11e2-a4fa-00144feabdc0.html|title=Lunch with the FT: Isabel dos Santos|work=Financial Times|first=Tom|last=Burgis|date=29 March 2013|accessdate=8 January 2016}}</ref> | parents = {{ubl|[[José Eduardo dos Santos]]|Tatiana Kukanova}} | website = | networth = US$ 2.1 billion (October 2019)<ref name="Forbes profile">{{cite web |title=Forbes profile: Isabel dos Santos |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/isabel-dos-santos/ |website=Forbes |accessdate=15 October 2019}}</ref> }} '''Isabel dos Santos''' (amezaliwa [[1973]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mjasiriamali]] wa kike kutoka nchini [[Angola]]. Yeye ni [[mtoto]] wa kwanza wa [[rais]] wa zamani wa Angola [[José Eduardo dos Santos]], ambaye alitawala nchi hiyo tangu mwaka [[1979]] hadi [[2017]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/portugal-dominated-angola-for-centuries-now-the-roles-are-reversed-1.3200881|title=Portugal dominated Angola for centuries. Now the roles are reversed|work=The Irish Times}}</ref> <ref>[https://blogs.forbes.com/mfonobongnsehe/2011/05/02/africas-richest-women/ Forbes: Africa’s Richest Women] 2 May 2011</ref> Mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2019]] alitajwa kuwa [[mwanamke]] [[tajiri]] zaidi kwenye [[bara]] la [[Afrika]]<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/africas-top-5-wealthiest-women-19536656 africaÄs top wealthiest women], tovuti za iol.co.za, iliangaliwa Januari 2020</ref>. Mnamo [[2013]], kulingana na ''[[Forbes]]'', jumla ya utajiri wake ilikuwa imezidi [[dolar]] za Kimarekani [[bilioni]] 2, hivyo alikuwa [[bilionea]] wa kwanza wa kike wa Afrika. ''Forbes'' alielezea jinsi dos Santos alivyopata [[utajiri]] wake kwa kuchukua [[hisa]] katika [[kampuni]] zinazofanya [[biashara]] nchini Angola, na kupendekeza kuwa utajiri wake unatokana kabisa na nguvu za [[Siasa|kisiasa]] ya [[familia]] yake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-desmente-acusacoes-de-enriquecimento-ilicito-feitas-pela-forbes_175473.html|title=Isabel dos Santos desmente acusações de enriquecimento ilícito feitas pela Forbes|work=Económico|accessdate=2020-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829234627/http://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-desmente-acusacoes-de-enriquecimento-ilicito-feitas-pela-forbes_175473.html|archivedate=2016-08-29}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2015, [[BBC]] ilimtaja dos Santos kama mmoja wa wanawake 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa ulimwenguni. <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-34745739 BBC 100 Women 2015: Who is on the list?] BBC, 17 November 2015</ref> Tangu mwaka [[2018]] [[serikali]] ya Angola ilikuwa ikijaribu kumshtaki Isabel dos Santos kwa [[jinai]] za [[ufisadi]] zilizochangia kwenye mzozo wa [[uchumi]] wa Angola katika miaka iliyotangulia. Lakini Isabel hakurudi tena Angola akibaki [[Ureno]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.angonoticias.com/Artigos/item/62572/gestao-da-sonangol-pgr-mandou-instaurar-processo-criminal-contra-isabel-dos-santos|title=Gestão da Sonangol: PGR mandou instaurar processo criminal contra Isabel dos Santos|work=ANGONOTÍCIAS|accessdate=23 October 2019|archivedate=2020-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121135035/http://www.angonoticias.com/Artigos/item/62572/gestao-da-sonangol-pgr-mandou-instaurar-processo-criminal-contra-isabel-dos-santos}}</ref> Mnamo [[30 Desemba|Desemba 30]], [[2019]], [[Mahakama]] ya Mkoa wa Luanda iliagiza kufungiwa kwa [[akaunti]] zake kwenye [[benki]] za Angola na kukamatwa kwa hisa zake katika kampuni pamoja na Unitel na Banco de Fomento Angola. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50956370|title=Angola orders Isabel dos Santos asset seizure|date=31 December 2019|publisher=BBC}}</ref> Tangu kuchunguliwa nchini Ureno pia amehamia [[UAE]] kama nchi yake rasmi ya kuishi. <ref name="JEconómico">{{Rejea habari|url=https://jornaleconomico.sapo.pt/noticias/exclusivo-dciap-investiga-operacoes-de-isabel-dos-santos-denunciadas-por-ana-gomes-534043|title=Exclusivo. DCIAP investiga operações de Isabel dos Santos denunciadas por Ana Gomes}}</ref> <ref name="DW">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.dw.com/pt-002/angola-cidad%C3%A3-russa-isabel-dos-santos-imune-%C3%A0-extradi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/a-51932233|title=Angola: Cidadã russa Isabel dos Santos imune à extradição?}}</ref> <ref name="RFI">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20200111-portugal-justice-ouvre-enquete-isabel-dos-santos-angola|title=Portugal: la justice ouvre une enquête sur Isabel dos Santos}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 11, [[2020]], serikali ya Angola ilitangaza kwamba inachukua hatua za kisheria za kunyakua [[mali]] za dos Santos nchini Ureno <ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.angola24horas.com/index.php/angola-24-horas-noticias/item/15706-governo-angolano-prepara-confisco-de-bens-de-isabel-dos-santos-em-portugal|title=Governo angolano prepara confisco de bens de Isabel dos Santos em Portugal}}</ref>. == Familia na elimu == Isabel dos Santos alizaliwa huko [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]] (wakati ule [[jamhuri]] katika [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]]) <ref name="auto">[http://multimedia.fnac.pt/multimedia/PT/pdf/9789897412257.pdf ISABEL DOS SANTOS - SEGREDOS E PODER DO DINHEIRO] {{Wayback|url=http://multimedia.fnac.pt/multimedia/PT/pdf/9789897412257.pdf |date=20160615084218 }}. Filipe S. Fernandes. Documentation (Portuguese)</ref> akiwa binti wa kwanza wa [[José Eduardo dos Santos]] (baadaye rais wa Angola) na [[Mke|mkewe]] wa kwanza, Tatiana Kukanova wa [[Urusi]], ambaye alikutana naye wakati wa kusoma katika [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]]. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/25/isobel-dos-santos-africas-first-female-billionaire The Guardian: "Isabel dos Santos, dubbed 'princess', named Africa's first female billionaire" by David Smith] 25 January 2013</ref> <ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-angola-whos-who-in-the-palace Mail & Guardian (Zambia): "Angola: Who's who in the palace?" by Louise Redvers] 2 November 2012</ref> <ref>[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/angolan-africas-first-woman-billionaire/story-fn3dxix6-1226561407045 The Australian: "Angolan Africa's first woman billionaire"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/angolan-africas-first-woman-billionaire/story-fn3dxix6-1226561407045 |date=20130124202232 }} 25 January 2013</ref> [[Wazazi]] wa [[baba]] yake walitoka [[Sao Tome na Principe|São Tomé na Príncipe]]. <ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2012-11-02-00-angola-whos-who-in-the-palace Mail & Guardian: "Angola: Who's who in the palace?" by Louise Redvers] 2 November 2012</ref> Alihudhuria [[shule]] ya [[wasichana]] huko [[Kent]], Cobham Hall. Alisoma [[uhandisi]] wa [[umeme]] <ref>Celso Filipe, [https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/home.php?template=SHOWNEWS_V2&id=345996 Report about Isabel dos Santos on Negócios Online] {{Wayback|url=https://www.jornaldenegocios.pt/home.php?template=SHOWNEWS_V2&id=345996 |date=20110807185421 }}, December 2008</ref> katika Chuo cha King's [[London]]. Huko alikutana na [[Mume|mumewe]] kutoka Zaire (sasa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]), Sindika Dokolo, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dokolo.com/Sa%20famille.html|title=La Famille Dokolo : Ndona Tuluka - Nzolantima - Hanne - Manzanza - Sindika - Luzolo|accessdate=2020-01-20|archivedate=2017-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205043103/http://www.dokolo.com/Sa%20famille.html}}</ref> mtoto wa [[milionea]] kutoka [[Kinshasa]] na mkewe wa [[Denmark|Kidenmark]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Augustin Dokolo, an African entrepreneur|url=http://www.dokolo.com/Biography.html|accessdate=14 March 2013|archivedate=2017-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070114/http://www.dokolo.com/Biography.html}}</ref> == Kazi == Katika miaka 20 iliyopita dos Santos ameshikilia nafasi za [[usimamizi]] katika kampuni kadhaa zilizoorodheshwa kwenye [[soko la hisa]] la [[Ulaya]]. Dos Santos alirudi kutoka [[London]] mwanzoni mwa [[miaka ya 1990]] ili ajiunge na baba yake huko [[Luanda]] akaanza kufanya [[kazi]] kama mhandisi wa mradi wa ''Urbana 2000'', [[kampuni tanzu]] ya Jembas Group, ambayo ilikuwa imeshinda [[mkataba]] wa kusafisha na kusafisha [[mji]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.publico.pt/economia/noticia/isabel-dos-santos-o-rosto-de-angola-1300051|title=Isabel dos Santos: o rosto de Angola|language=Portuguese|date=20 July 2007|work=Público|accessdate=8 January 2016}}</ref> Kufuatia hiyo, alianzisha biashara ya [[Lori|malori]]. Matumizi yaliyoenea ya [[teknolojia]] ya walkie-talkie yalisababisha njia ya kuandamana kwake baadaye katika [[simu]] za aina ya [[rununu]]. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/6ffd2edc-955e-11e2-a4fa-00144feabdc0.html|title=Lunch with the FT: Isabel dos Santos|work=Financial Times}}</ref> Mnamo [[1997]], alianza biashara yake ya kwanza, akifungua ''Club'' ya ''Miami Beach'', <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://theafricaneconomist.com/meet-the-forbes-second-richest-african-woman-isabel-dos-santos/|title=Meet The Forbes Second Richest African Woman: Isabel dos Santos|date=4 December 2012|publisher=The African Economist|accessdate=8 January 2016}}</ref> moja ya vilabu vya kwanza vya [[usiku]] na [[Mgahawa|mikahawa]] ya [[pwani]] kwenye [[Kisiwa cha Luanda]]. Kwa kipindi cha karibu miaka 20 alipanua [[masilahi]] yake ya biashara, na kusababisha uanzishaji wa Holdings kadhaa, nchini Angola na zaidi nje ya nchi, akifanya [[uwekezaji]] mkubwa katika biashara zenye hadhi kubwa, haswa katika Ureno. <ref>[https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-reforca-em-portugal-com-entrada-na-zon_77174.html Isabel dos Santos reforça em Portugal com entrada na Zon] {{Wayback|url=https://economico.sapo.pt/noticias/isabel-dos-santos-reforca-em-portugal-com-entrada-na-zon_77174.html |date=20160315062549 }} Diário Económico, 21 December 2009 (pt)</ref> Mnamo Juni [[2016]], aliteuliwa na baba yake kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa Sonangol, kampuni ya [[mafuta]] ya serikali ya Angola. Uteuzi wa utata kama huo wa watoto wa rais kwa nafasi muhimu ulikuwa wa muda mfupi, kama João Lourenço, Rais mpya wa Angola, alimwachisha kazi miezi miwili tu baada ya kuapishwa katika [[ofisi]]. <ref>See e.g. Novo Jornal / Luanda, 10 March 2017</ref> <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-angola-sonangol/angola-president-dismisses-sonangol-chair-isabel-dos-santos-idUSKBN1DF1X5] by Reuters</ref> Mnamo Desemba 30, 2019, Korti ya Mkoa wa Luanda iliamuru kukamatwa kwa akaunti ya benki ya binafsi ya dos Santos, mumewe, Sindika Dokolo, na Mário Filipe Moreira Leite da Silva. Kulingana na Ofisi ya [[Mwanasheria Mkuu]] wa Serikali, wafanyabiashara hao watatu waliingia katika kushughulika na serikali ya Angola kupitia kampuni Sodiam, kampuni ya uuzaji wa [[almasi]] ya [[umma]], na Sonangol, [[kampuni]] ya mafuta ya serikali. Pamoja na mikataba hiyo, serikali ya Angola ilipata [[hasara]] ya dola [[bilioni]] 1.14. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sabado.pt/mundo/detalhe/tribunal-decreta-arresto-preventivo-a-contas-e-empresas-de-isabel-dos-santos|title=Tribunal decreta arresto preventivo a contas e empresas de Isabel dos Santos|work=sabado.pt}}</ref> Korti ilitoa [[hati]] inayoonyesha kwamba mali na wengine wengi wanaomilikiwa na dos Santos walikuwa wamepatikana kwa kutumia [[pesa]] kutoka kampuni mbili za serikali <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=469e48c0-3483-11ea-88f8-31dc410bb4c0&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAyMC0wMS0wMy9hZnJpY2Etcy1yaWNoZXN0LXdvbWFuLXNheXMtYXNzZXQtZnJlZXplLWRvb21zLWhlci1hbmdvbGFuLWZpcm1z|title=Bloomberg Are you a robot?|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> Wakati huohuo, Ofisi ya Mwanasheria Mkuu wa [[Ureno]] imebaini kwamba uchunguzi umefunguliwa ndani ya shughuli kadhaa na Isabel dos Santos, kufuatia shtaka lililowekwa na Ana Gomes, Mwanachama wa Ureno wa [[Bunge la Ulaya]]. Kufuatia kunyakua, amechukua [[Dubai]] kama nchi yake rasmi ya kuishi. === Uwekezaji nchini Angola === Kwa udhibiti wa 51[[%]] wa ''Condis'', dos Santos alisaini ushirikiano wa pamoja na kikundi cha Sonae cha Ureno mnamo Aprili 2011 kwa [[maendeleo]] na operesheni ya kampuni ya kuuza rejareja nchini Angola. Kuingia nchini Angola na kikundi cha Wareno kinachoongozwa na Paulo de Azevedo kitafanywa na Continente (Angola), ambayo imepanga kufungua [[duka]] la kwanza ifikapo 2013 nchini Angola. <ref>[http://www.portugalglobal.pt/PT/PortugalNews/Paginas/NewDetail.aspx?newId=%7BE0DA500A-CE60-4924-ADA7-8FAEE6AB3411%7D Portuguese group Sonae authorised to open hypermarkets in Angola] {{Wayback|url=http://www.portugalglobal.pt/PT/PortugalNews/Paginas/NewDetail.aspx?newId=%7BE0DA500A-CE60-4924-ADA7-8FAEE6AB3411%7D |date=20120129172429 }} Aicep Portugal Global. Retrieved 27 December 2011</ref> === Umilikaji wa makampuni === Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni dos Santos alishiriki katika umilikaji wa makampuni yafuatayo: <ref>[http://www.clipquick.com/Files/Imprensa/2012/08-01/0/1_1870377_7E1C4A2D8B3731959B5EFFAA1CAC6C0A.pdf A Angolana mais rica de Portugal, English: ''The most rich Angolan in Portugal''] {{Wayback|url=http://www.clipquick.com/Files/Imprensa/2012/08-01/0/1_1870377_7E1C4A2D8B3731959B5EFFAA1CAC6C0A.pdf |date=20140222144857 }} clipquick.com, 1 August 2012 (pt)</ref> * Huduma za Uwekezaji wa Trans Africa, kampuni ya [[Gibraltar]] iliyoanzishwa kwa biashara ya almasi * Holdel International Holdings BV: Mabadiliko ya jina la Kento na Jadeium, iliyoko [[Amsterdam]], kampuni kwa uwekezaji wa dos Santos katika mawasiliano na simu * Santoro Fedha: kampuni kwa uwekezaji wa dos Santos huko Banco BPI iliyoko [[Lisbon]] * Esperaza Holding BV: kampuni katika [[Amsterdam]], kwa uwekezaji katika nishati, mafuta nk. * Condis: kampuni inayomiliki maduka pale Luanda == ''Luanda Uvujaji'' == Mnamo 19 Januari 2020, kundi la wanahabari lilitoa taarifa ya "Luanda Leaks" kuhusu vyanzo vya utajiri wa dos Santos. Dos Santos aliwahi kudai kwamba alifaulu kujenga utajiri wake kwa kuchapa kazi tu, lakini taarifa ya Luanda Leaks ilionyesha jinsi alivyotajirika kwa kutumia siasa za baba yake.<ref>[https://www.icij.org/investigations/luanda-leaks/ ''Isabel dos Santos made a fortune at the expense of the Angolan people, Luanda Leaks reveals.''] icij.org, published 19 January 2020</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://isabeldossantos.com Tovuti rasmi] {{Wayback|url=https://isabeldossantos.com/ |date=20211208024558 }} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Angola]] 4lcgaid4gogg3x549eep8e5pcmjs3gn 0 133584 1611925 1595639 2026-10-29T15:29:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611925 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Jožef_Tominc_-_Marija_s_svetniki_II.jpg|thumb|Watakatifu Hilari na Tasyani walivyochorwa pamoja na [[Bikira Maria]].]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (walifariki [[Aquileia]], leo nchini [[Italia]], [[284]]) walikuwa [[Wakristo]] ambao waliuawa kutokana na [[imani]] yao wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Numerian|Numeriani]] wa [[Dola la Roma]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147</ref>. Hilari alikuwa [[askofu]] wa pili wa Aquileia<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Hilary of Aquileia |url=https://www.saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hilary_of_aquileia |website=saintforaminute |access-date=22 May 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260909184200/https://saintforaminute.com/saints/saint_hilary_of_aquileia |archivedate=2026-09-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[276]] na Tasyani anasemekana alikuwa [[shemasi]] wake. Tangu kale wanaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[watakatifu]] [[wafiadini]], pengine pamoja na Felisi, Largo na Dionisi. [[Sikukuu]] yao ni [[tarehe]] [[16 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-hilary-of-aquileia/ Saints SPQN: Hilary of Aquileia] {{en}} * [http://www.bautz.de/bbkl/h/hilarius_v_a.shtml BBKL: Hilarius von Aquileia] {{de}} * [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/91147 Santi e Beati] {{it}} * [http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 Dizionario biografico friulano] {{Wayback|url=http://www.friul.net/dizionario_biografico/index.php?id=2057&x=1 |date=20220223044633 }} {{it}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 284]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Mashemasi]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] ag6m7p7sg1hm9fsanyq5f2uzufgg9c7 0 149830 1611895 1512862 2026-10-29T12:25:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gicumbi ya kijani''' ni mradi ambao unajihusisha na kuimarisha uwezekano wa kupunguza athari zitokanazo na mazingira katika jamii za [[Rwanda]] ya Kaskazini, hususan [[wilaya ya Gicumbi]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rwanda to launch major green growth investment to strengthen climate resilience in Gicumbi District|url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1|work=www.environment.gov.rw|accessdate=2022-05-07|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131003153/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1|archivedate=2022-01-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ni mradi ambao ulianzishwa mnamo Octoba 26, 2019 na [[serikali]] ya [[Rwanda]] kupitia wizara ya mazingira na Rwanda Green Fund (FONERWA). == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Ekolojia]] p3s767zofry6znrljisqp2f7zwnsy37 0 150221 1611952 1515996 2026-10-29T21:21:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Joy Bokiri |picha = JoyBokiri (3).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 29 desemba [[1998]] |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Nigeria]] |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Mwanasoka |nchi = Nigeria }} '''Joy Ebinemiere Bokiri''' (alizaliwa [[29 Desemba]], [[1998]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa wanawake kutoka nchini [[Nigeria]] ambaye anacheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] katika klabu ya [[mpira]] ya Damallsvenskan AIK na [[timu ya taifa]] ya wanawake ya Nigeria. <ref name=p1>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-boss-dennerby-invites-30-home-based-players-to-world-cup-camp/mc4mdzb |title=Super Falcons boss Dennerby invites 30 home-based players to World Cup camp |date=2019-03-19 |access-date=2019-07-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721214123/https://www.pulse.ng/sports/football/super-falcons-boss-dennerby-invites-30-home-based-players-to-world-cup-camp/mc4mdzb |archivedate=2019-07-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="es1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.eurosport.com/football/joy-bokiri_prs332007/person.shtml |title=Joy Bokiri |website=Eurosports |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> <ref name="g1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/nigerias-joy-bokiri-joins-sporting-de-huelva/1cbmf4dk99u0y1oknytybl3kwp |title=Nigeria's Joy Bokiri joins Sporting de Huelva |last=Badmus |first=Femi |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> <ref name="g2">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/wafu-womens-cup-nigeria-15-0-niger-uchenna-kanu-nets-five-as/17zv411j21d9e1hbk5xndsw9ak |title=Wafu Women's Cup: Nigeria 15-0 Niger - Uchenna Kanu nets five as Super Falcons cruise to semi-finals}}</ref> <ref name="ans1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.allnigeriasoccer.com/read_news.php?nid=24411 |title=(Photo Confirmation) Breaking : Teenage Nigeria International Joins Greek Club |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> <ref name="cs1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.completesports.com/falconets-star-bokiri-joins-greek-club-karditsas/ |title=Falconets Star Bokiri Joins Greek Club Karditsas |date=2017-08-30 |website=Complete Sports |access-date=2019-07-21 |accessdate=2022-05-14 |archivedate=2022-01-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124043150/https://www.completesports.com/falconets-star-bokiri-joins-greek-club-karditsas/ }}</ref> <ref name="tc1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecable.ng/falcons-edge-ivory-coast-on-penalties-to-win-first-wafu-cup |title=Falcons edge Ivory Coast on penalties to win first WAFU Cup |website=The Cable |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> <ref name="gd1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/dennerby-lists-nwabuoku-okoronkwo-18-others-for-wafu-cup/ |title=Dennerby lists Nwabuoku, Okoronkwo, 18 others for WAFU Cup |website=Guardian |access-date=2019-07-21 |archive-date=2019-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721213829/https://guardian.ng/sport/dennerby-lists-nwabuoku-okoronkwo-18-others-for-wafu-cup/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="acls1">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.aclsports.com/nigeria-whitewash-niger-15-0-in-wafu-womens/ |title=Nigeria whitewash Niger 15-0 in WAFU Women's |accessdate=2022-05-14 |archivedate=2022-05-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521133330/https://www.aclsports.com/nigeria-whitewash-niger-15-0-in-wafu-womens/ }}</ref> <ref name="tff0">{{cite web |url=https://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=30&kisiId=2242399 |publisher=Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu |title=Oyuncular - Futbolcular:Joy Ebinemiere Bokiri |language=tr |accessdate=7 November 2019 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa kike]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] 1i7ooqna32d0m8tv8t05sfuqx3izsxm 0 151043 1611968 1517091 2026-10-30T01:43:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611968 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kim Coral McKay''' (alizaliwa [[1959]]) ni [[mwanamazingira]], [[mwandishi]], [[mjasiriamali]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] wa [[Australia]]. Tangu Aprili 2014, amekuwa Mkurugenzi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Jumba la Makumbusho la Australia, mwanamke wa kwanza kushikilia wadhifa huo katika historia ya miaka 191 ya jumba hilo la makumbusho. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/australian-museums-new-director-kim-mckay-is-a-rare-find/story-fn9n8gph-1226873358205|title=The Australian|author=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406031455/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/arts/review/australian-museums-new-director-kim-mckay-is-a-rare-find/story-fn9n8gph-1226873358205|archivedate=2014-04-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alianzisha kampeni ya Clean Up Australia mnamo 1989 na kampeni ya Clean Up the World mnamo 1992, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cleanuptheworld.org/|title=Clean Up The World - Local environmental action making a world of difference.|work=www.cleanuptheworld.org|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref> kwa msaada wa [[Mradi wa Umoja wa Mataifa Kuhusu Mazingira|Mpango wa Mazingira wa Umoja wa Mataifa]] (UNEP). Clean Up the World inafanya kazi katika zaidi ya nchi 125. Alishirikiana kuunda The National Geographic Society 's The Genographic Project, utafiti mkubwa zaidi wa idadi ya watu duniani wa DNA, na ndiye [[mwandishi]] mwenza wa [[vitabu]] vitano. <ref name="theoutdoorpond.com">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.theoutdoorpond.com/|title=The Outdoor Pond - For all your pond needs!|work=The Outdoor Pond|accessdate=12 December 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Australia]] 078fefylqcpa070lml5q4ni2nbs72zq 0 151334 1611967 1516961 2026-10-30T01:12:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''KidsRights Foundation''' ni [[shirika]] la kimataifa la usaidizi wa watoto na utetezi lenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Amsterdam]], [[Uholanzi]] . Shirika hili lilianzishwa mnamo [[2003]] na Marc Dullaert na Inge Ikink. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://kidsrights.org/about-kidsrights/organization/|title=Organization|work=KidsRights Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029114426/https://kidsrights.org/about-kidsrights/organization/|archivedate=2019-10-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> KidsRights huchangisha fedha kwa ajili ya miradi huru ya misaada ya ndani katika nchi kadhaa duniani, zikiwemo [[Uhindi|India]], [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Ufilipino]] . "KidsRights inataka kutoa sauti kwa wasio na sauti kabisa," shirika hilo linamnukuu [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani|mshindi wa Tuzo ya Amani ya]] Nobel [[Desmond Tutu]] akisema. Dhamira ya shirika hili ni kusaidia na kuwawezesha watoto walio katika [[mazingira]] magumu duniani kote, kwa kutafuta fedha kwa ajili ya miradi midogo midogo ya ndani, na kuongeza uelewa wa [[haki za watoto]] kupitia vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa. Taasisi hiyo imeanzisha [[tuzo]] ya kila mwaka, [[Tuzo]] ya Kimataifa ya Amani ya Watoto, ili kumuenzi mtoto ambaye ametoa mchango mkubwa katika kutetea haki za watoto na kuboresha hali ya watoto wanaoishi katika mazingira magumu. Tuzo ya kwanza ya Amani ya Watoto ilitolewa mwaka wa [[2005]] na [[Mikhail Gorbachov|Mikhail Gorbachev]] wakati wa Mkutano wa Amani wa Nobel huko [[Roma]], mkutano wa kila mwaka wa washindi wa Tuzo ya Amani ya Nobel. Tuzo ya $10,000 ilitolewa baada ya kifo kwa [[Nkosi Johnson]], mvulana wa [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye alileta tahadhari kwa watoto wenye [[Virusi vya UKIMWI|VVU]] / [[Ukimwi|UKIMWI]] na kuanzisha kituo cha watoto yatima cha Nkosi's Haven . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Haki za binadamu]] [[Jamii:Haki za watoto]] [[Jamii:Mashirika]] 14yvpkjq04a6p550lupdr7g3w8y78lu 0 152107 1611924 1514035 2026-10-29T15:25:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tankwa02.jpg|alt=Picha ya setilaiti ya mbuga, na mipaka yake kama inavyoonekana|thumb|Picha ya setilaiti ya mbuga, na mipaka yake kama inavyoonekana]] '''Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Tankwa Karoo''' ni mbuga ya [[Taifa]] nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. Hifadhi hiyo iko karibu km 70 kuelekea magharibi mwa Sutherland karibu na mpaka wa [[Rasi ya Kaskazini|Rasi ya]] [[Rasi ya Kaskazini|Kaskazini]] [[Rasi ya Kaskazini|na Rasi]] [[Rasi ya Magharibi|ya Magharibi]], katika mojawapo ya maeneo kame zaidi ya Afrika Kusini, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-tankwa-karoo-national-park|title=Tankwa Karoo National Park|work=southafrica.net|accessdate=13 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612114244/https://www.southafrica.net/za/en/articles/entry/article-southafrica.net-tankwa-karoo-national-park|archivedate=2022-06-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> yenye maeneo yanayopokea chini ya mm 100 ya wastani ya mvua ya kila [[mwaka]], <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.sanparks.org/parks/tankwa/tourism/general.php|title=South African National Parks - SANParks - Official Website - Accommodation, Activities, Prices, Reservations}}</ref> mawingu yanayobeba unyevu kutoka [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] yakisimamishwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na milima ya [[Milima Cederberg|Cederberg]] . == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Afrika]] 0wl0k9edzsk0ur0w20kag8gqzaiu5ms 0 156923 1611972 1517922 2026-10-30T03:57:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lawton Wehle Fitt''' (alizaliwa julai 1953)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Lawton FITT personal appointments - Find and update company information - GOV.UK|url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/officers/9ANMe97vdCGZ43g_kBuVwaGH-HY/appointments|work=find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk|accessdate=2022-08-14|language=en}}</ref> ni mmarekani mkurugenzi wa benki. Alimaliza katika [[chuo cha Brown]] , ni mtaaam katika historia ya European. Baada ya kufanya kazi [[Burkina Faso]] na [[askari wa Amani]], alisoma [[chuo kikuu cha Virginia’s Darden shule ya biashara]].<ref>https://www.hrw.org/about/people/lawton-fitt {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kuanzia 1979 mpaka 2002, Fitt alikua ni mkurugenzi wa benki na [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Stocks|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks|work=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=2022-08-14|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2002, Fitt alimrithisha [[David Gordon]] kama sekretari wa [[Royal Academy]], alishikilia nafasi hiyo mpaka 2005. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:USW CHSS]] [[Jamii:Kikosi cha amani]] ju1fjiuar9my2by49u9d1i4vuniv7uj 0 166925 1612010 1519402 2026-10-30T08:15:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612010 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:María Belén Carvajal 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Maria Carvajal mnamo 2015]] '''María Belén Carvajal Peña''' (alizaliwa [[13 Septemba]] [[1983]]) ni [[Refa|mwamuzi]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kimataifa wa nchini [[Chile]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/maria_carvajal/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703112701/https://worldreferee.com/referee/maria_carvajal/ |archivedate=2019-07-03 |accessdate=2023-04-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.soccerway.com/referees/maria-carvajal/333413/|title=Chile - M. Carvajal - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway}}</ref> Alikua mwamuzi rasmi katika michuano ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la Wanawake 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://de.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/aufgebot-der-spieloffiziellen-fur-die-fifa-frauen-wm-2019tm|title=FIFA}}</ref> <ref>[https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1b485598f8f5a1cd/original/n8eqnjfvnrfpvqt0msyx-pdf.pdf FIFA.com]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo wa Chile]] mtq5xjfhbjca24hadazbg4k3bgoyamu 0 167530 1612013 1519414 2026-10-30T08:19:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Laura Fortunato''' (alizaliwa [[31 Mei]] [[1985]]) ni [[Refa|mwamuzi]] wa mpira wa miguu wa kimataifa kutoka nchini [[Argentina]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/laura_fortunato/|title=Laura Fortunato football referee stats - WorldReferee.com|work=worldreferee.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703113138/https://worldreferee.com/referee/laura_fortunato/|archivedate=2019-07-03|accessdate=2023-04-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://us.women.soccerway.com/referees/laura-fortunato/464236/|title=Argentina - L. Fortunato - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Women Soccerway|work=us.women.soccerway.com}}</ref> Alikuwa mwamuzi rasmi katika [[mashindano]] ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la wanawake 2019 huko [[Ufaransa]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1b485598f8f5a1cd/original/n8eqnjfvnrfpvqt0msyx-pdf.pdf|title=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Argentina]] bdsa75iqgvng651yif4mee57n9z426u 0 173599 1611946 1515381 2026-10-29T19:16:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jen Adams''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni kocha wa timu ya wanawake ya mchezo wa lacrosse katika Chuo Kikuu cha Loyola Maryland<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Jen Adams Named Loyola Women's Lacrosse Head Coach :: Loyola University Maryland Women's Lacrosse :: Official Athletic Site|url=http://www.loyolagreyhounds.com/sports/w-lacros/spec-rel/060608aac.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2018-07-10|accessdate=2023-07-29|archivedate=2018-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710011108/http://www.loyolagreyhounds.com/sports/w-lacros/spec-rel/060608aac.html}}</ref>. Zamani alikuwa mchezaji mahiri sana wa lacrosse katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland kuanzia mwaka 1998 hadi 2001. Alikuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji bora kabisa nchini, na aliisaidia timu yake ya Terrapins kushinda mataji ya taifa kwa miaka minne mfululizo, ikiwa ni pamoja na kufikia rekodi ya kushinda mechi 21 bila kupoteza mwaka 1999, na mechi 23 bila kupoteza mwaka 2001.Chini ya kocha Cindy Timchal, Chuo Kikuu cha Maryland kilishinda mataji saba ya taifa mfululizo kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 2001. Timu ya lacrosse ya Maryland ina zaidi ya mataji (14) ya mchezo wa lacrosse ya wanawake kuliko shule nyingine yoyote. Katika fainali ya Mashindano ya Lacrosse ya NCAA ya mwaka 2000, Jen Adams alifunga mabao matano na kutoa pasi tano, yote katika nusu ya pili ya mchezo, na kuifanya timu yake ishinde kwa alama 16-8 dhidi ya [[Chuo kikuu cha Princeton|Princeton]]<ref>{{Citation|last=Hollander|first=Sophia|title=LACROSSE; Maryland Rides Second-Half Rally to Sixth Straight Title|date=2000-05-22|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/22/sports/lacrosse-maryland-rides-second-half-rally-to-sixth-straight-title.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2023-07-29}}</ref>. Wakati alipokuwa Maryland, Jen Adams alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kabisa kupokea Tuzo ya Honda kwa mchezo wa lacrosse wa wanawake, ambayo inaenda kwa mchezaji bora wa Chuo Kikuu cha Kitengo cha Kwanza cha NCAA<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Adams Awarded First-Ever Honda Award For Women's Lacrosse|url=https://umterps.com/news/2000/5/26/207287657.aspx|work=University of Maryland Athletics|date=2000-05-26|accessdate=2023-07-29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|title=Lacrosse|url=https://www.collegiatewomensportsawards.com/archives/lacrosse|language=en}}</ref>. == Wasifu == Jen Adams, ambaye alizaliwa [[Adelaide]], [[Australia Kusini]], alianza kazi yake ya lacrosse na Klabu ya Brighton Lacrosse. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa Australia aliyekuwa na umri wa miaka 15 alipocheza katika timu ya dunia ya chini ya miaka 19 na kutwaa ubingwa mwaka 1995. Baadaye, aliwakilisha [[Australia]] kwenye kiwango cha wakubwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuwa nahodha wao na kushinda Kombe la Dunia la Lacrosse la Wanawake mwaka 2005. Jen Adams pia alishiriki kwa timu ya Australia katika [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika|Kombe]] la [[Dunia]] la [[Lacrosse ya wasichana|Lacrosse]] la Wanawake la mwaka [[2009]] huko [[Prague]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Senior Women 2013 - Lacrosse Australia|url=https://websites.mygameday.app/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-5176-0-0-0&sID=75059&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=8595305&sectionID=75059|work=GameDay|accessdate=2023-07-29|language=en}}</ref>. Adams anashikilia nafasi ya pili kwa alama nyingi zilizofungwa katika historia ya NCAA ya mchezo wa lacrosse kwa wanawake na alifunga jumla ya alama 445 katika kazi yake (mabao 267 na kutoa pasi 178 katika michezo 86). Ameshinda tuzo ya mchezaji bora wa kitaifa mara tatu na alikuwa mshindi wa kwanza kabisa wa Tuzo ya Tewaaraton inayotolewa kila mwaka kwa mchezaji bora wa taifa. Anachukuliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa [[Lacrosse ya wasichana|lacrosse]] wa kike wa wakati wote. Kati ya kushiriki na timu ya Koalas, alicheza [[Lacrosse ya wasichana|lacrosse]] katika klabu huru huko [[Baltimore, Maryland|Baltimore,]] na alikuwa mwanamke pekee aliyewahi kuchaguliwa katika Chama cha Lacrosse cha Taifa (National Lacrosse League) na timu ya [[Washington]] Power. Pia aliteuliwa kujaribu kuanzisha ligi ya kitaalamu ya wanawake mwaka 2001, lakini haikufika mbali zaidi ya michezo ya maonyesho ya majira ya joto. Baada ya kuwa kocha msaidizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Denver, Colorado|Denver]] na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Maryland]], Adams aliajiriwa mwezi Juni 2008 kama kocha mkuu wa timu ya Greyhounds. Mwaka 2009, Loyola ilikuwa na rekodi ya kushinda mechi 11 na kupoteza mechi 6, ikiwemo kushinda timu zilizo kwenye orodha ya timu 20 bora kama [[Georgetown, Guyana|Georgetown]] na Cornell[[Cornelius SA|.]] Timu hiyo ilimaliza mwaka katika nafasi ya nne katika Big East<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/college/lacrosse/bal-sp.loyola12feb12,0,4984489.story|work=web.archive.org|accessdate=2023-07-29|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|archivedate=2011-08-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810181316/http://www.baltimoresun.com/sports/college/lacrosse/bal-sp.loyola12feb12,0,4984489.story}}</ref>. Mwaka 2016, aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa kwanza kabisa wa timu ya Baltimore Ride, ambayo ilishiriki katika msimu wa kwanza wa United Women's Lacrosse League. == Timu ya taifa == Kufikia 2019, amekuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya U19 ya Australia ya lacrosse<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Australia has high hopes at World U19 Women's Field Lacrosse Championship|url=https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/sports/lacrosse/australia-has-high-hopes-at-world-u19-womens-field-lacrosse-championship/article_6a7d326f-1332-5d0a-8728-cfd3459048be.html|work=The Peterborough Examiner|date=2019-07-31|accessdate=2023-07-29|language=en|author=Mike Davies Examiner Sports Director, Examiner Sports Director|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729203425/https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/sports/lacrosse/australia-has-high-hopes-at-world-u19-womens-field-lacrosse-championship/article_6a7d326f-1332-5d0a-8728-cfd3459048be.html|archivedate=2023-07-29|url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Australia]] qla1y0azjl6hpa646a02tpf2t351dq0 0 177931 1612000 1519133 2026-10-30T07:19:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612000 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diakité Manassa Danioko''' (alizaliwa [[Kadiolo]], [[Mali]], [[19 Januari]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Mali]]. Alihudumu kama rais wa mahakama ya [[Katiba|kikatiba]] ya nchi hiyo kutoka mwaka [[2015]] hadi [[2020]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Pioneer African Women in Law|url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/diakite-manassa-dianoko|work=African Women in Law|accessdate=2023-12-23|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925182854/https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/african-women-in-law/Diakite-Manassa-Dianoko|archivedate=2022-09-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu na kazi == Danioko alipata [[shahada]] mwaka [[1966]]<ref name=":0" /> akapokea [[shahada ya uzamili]] katika sheria kutoka shule ya kitaifa ya utawala mwaka 1970.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Manassa Danioko|url=https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/women-chief-justices/manassa-danioko|work=African Women in Law|accessdate=2023-12-23|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201030726/https://www.africanwomeninlaw.com/women-chief-justices/manassa-danioko|archivedate=2023-12-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dianoko aliwahi kuwa rais wa mahakama ya kazi au Ségou kuanzia [[1970]] hadi [[1971]], na alishiriki katika mfululizo wa mafunzo ya mahakama [[Ufaransa|nchini Ufaransa]] kuanzia Oktoba 1971.<ref name=":0" /> Kuanzia [[1972]] hadi [[1978]], alikuwa naibu mwendesha mashtaka katika mahakama ya mwanzo.<ref name=":1" /> Alikuwa wakili mkuu wa mahakama ya rufaa ya [[Bamako]] kuanzia [[1979]] hadi [[1981]],<ref name=":0" /> baraza kuu la mahakama kutoka [[1979]] hadi [[1988]], na mshauri wa mahakama maalum ya usalama wa nchi kutoka 1983 hadi 1988.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Mali]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Mali]] fh3k5984sr76rojahn3z2wh4ylxuz90 0 179172 1611969 1517289 2026-10-30T02:31:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Taarifa za Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Taarifa (CSIAC)''' ni Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Taarifa cha Idara ya Ulinzi ya Marekani (DoD) (IAC) kinachofadhiliwa na Kituo cha Taarifa za Kiufundi cha Ulinzi (DTIC). CSIAC ni muunganisho wa IAC tatu zilizotangulia: Kituo cha Data na Uchanganuzi cha Programu (DACS), Teknolojia ya Uhakikisho wa Taarifa IAC (IATAC) na Modeling &amp;amp; Simulation IAC (MSIAC), ikiw ni pamoja na nyongeza ya kiufundi ya Usimamizi wa Maarifa na ambalo linashirikiana na Ushirikiano wa Taarifa. eneo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DoD Information Analysis Centers|url=http://iac.dtic.mil/|accessdate=2013-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725135504/http://iac.dtic.mil/|archivedate=2014-07-25}}</ref> CSIAC, mojawapo ya IAC tatu zinazofadhiliwa na DTIC, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DTIC.mil|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/iac/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805125916/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/iac/|archivedate=August 5, 2008|accessdate=22 August 2013}}</ref> hutekeleza majukumu ya Msingi ya Kituo cha Uendeshaji (BCO) ili kutimiza dhamira na malengo yanayotumika kwa Utafiti, Maendeleo, Jaribio na Tathmini ya DoD (RDT&E) na mahitaji ya jumuiya za Upataji. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SNIM PWS|url=http://www.macb.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SNIM_PWS.docx|accessdate=2013-08-23|archivedate=2016-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220104/http://www.macb.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/SNIM_PWS.docx}}</ref> Shughuli hizi zinalenga katika kuongezea na kusanifu ukusanyaji, uchambuzi, usanifu, usindikaji na usambazaji wa Taarifa za Kisayansi na Kiufundi (STI). Utendaji wa BCO, hasa ukusanyaji na usambazaji wa magonjwa ya zinaa, huzalisha rasilimali kadhaa muhimu ambazo ni (km, ripoti, hifadhidata za zana, ukusanyaji wa data, n.k.) katika maeneo ya kimsingi na ya teknolojia ya CSIAC ( Cybersecurity, Uhakikisho wa Taarifa, [[Uundaji bidhaa pepe za tarakilishi|Uhandisi wa Programu]], Uundaji wa Miundo na Uigaji na Maarifa. Usimamizi / Ushirikiano wa Habari ). Dhamira ya CSIAC ni kuipa DoD sehemu kuu ya kufikia kwa Uhakikisho wa Taarifa na Usalama Mtandaoni ili kujumuisha teknolojia ibuka katika udhaifu wa kimfumo au mpango, R&D, miundo na uchanganuzi ili kusaidia maendeleo na utekelezaji wa ulinzi madhubuti dhidi ya mashambulizi ya vita vya habari. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About the CSIAC|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/about/about-the-csiac|accessdate=2013-08-22|archivedate=2013-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921182239/https://www.thecsiac.com/about/about-the-csiac}}</ref> CSIAC imekodishwa ili kutumia mbinu ambazo ni bora na kulingana na utaalamu kutoka kwa serikali, sekta na wasomi kuhusu usalama wa mtandao na teknolojia ya habari. == Historia == Marekani inaweza kuwa katika hatari ya kushambuliwa kwa Vita vya Habari kutokana na utegemezi wa miundomsingi mbalimbali kwa huduma za taarifa kwa wakati na sahihi. Hii inachangiwa zaidi na utegemezi wa mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD kwenye mitandao ya kibiashara au ya umiliki ambayo inaweza kufikiwa na watumiaji walioidhinishwa na wanaoweza kuwa ni wapinzani kuhusu jambo hili. Kutambua njia muhimu na udhaifu ndani ya miundombinu ya habari ni kazi ngumu, na maendeleo ya hivi majuzi katika [[teknolojia ya habari]] yamerahisisha kutumia mifumo ya habari, ya bei nafuu na inapatikana kwa wigo mpana wa wapinzani. Usalama wa taifa unategemea kuendelea kuwepo, uhalisi na mwendelezo wa mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD. Mifumo hii inakabiliwa na mashambulizi ya nje, kutokana na utegemezi wao wa lazima kwa mifumo ya kibiashara na kuongezeka kwa matumizi ya [[Intaneti|mtandao]] . Kudumu na kuwepo kwa, uhalisi, na mwendelezo wa mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD ni muhimu kwa [[Askari|Mpiganaji]] . Kwa kuongezeka kwa wasiwasi na shughuli za Vita vya Habari vinavyohitaji majibu ya haraka, ni changamoto kuhakikisha kwamba mashirika na mashirika yote yanayofaa yana ujuzi na zana za kulinda dhidi ya, kukabiliana na kutetea dhidi ya mashambulizi ya Vita vya Habari. CSIAC imeanzishwa chini ya uongozi wa Kituo cha Taarifa za Kiufundi cha Ulinzi na ufadhili jumuishi wa Katibu Msaidizi wa Ulinzi wa Utafiti na Uhandisi (ASDR&E); [https://web.archive.org/web/20140918200012/http://dodcio.defense.gov/ Msaidizi wa Katibu wa Ulinzi/Mitandao na Utangamano wa Habari] ; na Wakuu wa Pamoja wa Wafanyakazi . <ref name="CSIAC-history">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CSIAC History|url=http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/history.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118155136/http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/history.html|archivedate=November 18, 2012}}</ref> CSIAC hutoa data ya kati ya hatari ya Usalama wa Mtandao, maelezo, mbinu, miundo, na uchanganuzi wa teknolojia zinazoibuka ili kusaidia uhai, uhalisi, na mwendelezo wa utendakazi wa Mifumo ya Habari ambazo ni muhimu zinazorejelea kwa ulinzi wa taifa. Inatumika kama kitovu maalum cha somo, ikisaidia huduma za DTIC ndani ya Maelekezo ya DoD 3200.12, Mpango wa Taarifa za Kisayansi na Kiufundi wa DoD (STIP), wa tarehe 11 Februari 1998. <ref name="CSIAC-history"/> === Toleo la Muhtasari === Marekani iko katika hatari ya kushambuliwa kwa Vita vya Habari kutokana na kuegemea kwake huduma za habari kwa wakati na sahihi na maendeleo ya hivi majuzi ya teknolojia yamerahisisha adui watarajiwa kufikia miundombinu na ya kimsingi ni muhimu. Usalama wa taifa unategemea kunusurika, uhalisi na mwendelezo wa mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD, ambayo inaweza kuathiriwa na mashambulizi ya nje. CSIAC hutoa data kati ya hatari ya Usalama wa Mtandao na usaidizi ili kuhakikisha uendelevu wa Mifumo muhimu ya Taarifa kwa ulinzi wa taifa. # Kuegemea kwa Huduma za Habari kwa Wakati na Sahihi: Katika zama hizi, taarifa kwa wakati na sahihi ni muhimu kwa nyanja mbalimbali za jamii, zikiwemo shughuli za serikali, mifumo ya fedha na mitandao ya mawasiliano. Utegemezi huu wa mifumo ya habari hufanya nchi kuwa hatarini kwa mashambulizi ambayo yanavuruga au kuendesha mifumo hii. Kampeni za upotoshaji na mashambulizi ya mtandao kwenye miundombinu huw na hatari mno na yanaweza kuwa na madhara makubwa. # Maendeleo katika Teknolojia: Maendeleo ya kiteknolojia yametoa fursa na changamoto kwa usalama wa taifa. Ingawa teknolojia imeboresha mawasiliano, ufanisi, na urahisi, pia imefungua njia mpya kwa wapinzani watarajiwa kutumia udhaifu. Mashambulizi ya mtandao yanaweza kuzinduliwa kwa mbali, na hivyo kurahisisha watendaji hasidi kulenga miundombinu muhimu bila uwepo wa kimwili. # Usalama wa Mifumo ya Taarifa ya DoD: Idara ya Ulinzi (DoD) inaendesha mtandao mkubwa wa mifumo ya taarifa ambayo ni muhimu kwa ulinzi wa taifa. Mifumo hii ina taarifa nyeti na zilizoainishwa, na kuzifanya kuwa shabaha za kuvutia za mashambulizi ya mtandaoni. Kuhakikisha usalama, uhalisi, na mwendelezo wa mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD ni muhimu kwa usalama wa taifa. # Hatari ya Mashambulizi ya Nje: Mifumo ya taarifa ya DoD huathiriwa na mashambulizi ya nje ya mtandao, ikiwa ni pamoja na yale yanayozinduliwa na wavamizi wanaofadhiliwa na serikali, wahalifu wa mtandaoni na wadukuzi. Mashambulizi haya yanaweza kutatiza operesheni za kijeshi, kuathiri habari zilizoainishwa, na kudhoofisha juhudi za ulinzi wa taifa. # Jukumu la CSIAC: Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Taarifa za Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Taarifa (CSIAC) kina jukumu muhimu katika kuweka data ya hatari ya usalama mtandaoni na kutoa usaidizi ili kudumisha mwendelezo wa mifumo muhimu ya habari kwa ulinzi wa taifa. Kwa kukusanya na kuchambua akili tishio, kutambua udhaifu, na kusambaza mbinu bora, mashirika kama CSIAC huchangia katika kuimarisha mkao wa taifa wa usalama wa mtandao. Ili kukabiliana na udhaifu na vitisho hivi, Marekani hutumia mbinu mbalimbali zinazojumuisha sera za usalama wa mtandao, mikakati ya ulinzi, kushiriki taarifa za vitisho za kukiuka na uwekezaji katika teknolojia na wafanyakazi. Uangalifu unaoendelea, ushirikiano kati ya mashirika ya serikali, ushirikiano wa sekta binafsi na ushirikiano wa kimataifa ni muhimu ili kulinda dhidi ya mashambulizi ya vita vya habari na kuhakikisha usalama wa taifa. === Urekebishaji na Urekebishaji wa DTIC === Kwa kuzingatia mazingira ya Ulinzi yanayoendelea, pamoja na mwongozo wa hivi majuzi wa bunge, Kituo cha Taarifa za Kiufundi cha Ulinzi (DTIC) kilitambua fursa ya kuunda upya IAC ili kukabiliana vyema na mahitaji ya misheni ya DoD. Kwa hivyo, DTIC inarekebisha na kuunganisha kubabdilisha na kuungamana kwa muundo wa programu ya IAC ili kufikia malengo kadhaa: * Panua wigo wa programu ya IAC na uongeze ushirikiano katika maeneo ya teknolojia husika * Kuongeza fursa kwa biashara ndogo ndogo * Panua msingi wa viwanda unaofikiwa kupitia IACs <ref name="JP3-12">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_12R.pdf|title=DoD Joint Publication 3-12(R) Cyberspace Operations (5 February 2013)|accessdate=2018-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127164919/http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/jp3_12R.pdf|archivedate=2018-01-27}}</ref> ''Tazama Kamandi ya Mtandao ya Marekani'' Ili kufikia malengo haya, DTIC inaunda Vituo vipya vya Uendeshaji vya Msingi vya IAC (BCOs). BCOs zinasimamiwa na tasnia na wasomi. DoD huanzisha IAC BCOs katika maeneo yenye umuhimu wa kimkakati, kama vile usalama wa mtandao na mifumo ya habari. IAC BCO hutumika kama kituo cha jumuiya yake ya kiufundi, na, kwa hivyo, lazima kudumisha na kuimarisha uhusiano na wadau wote muhimu ndani ya jumuiya hiyo, ili kuelewa shughuli zinazoendelea, taarifa za sasa, mikakati ya baadaye, na mahitaji ya habari. Dhamira kuu ambazo ni ni hii bado haijabadilika katika muundo mpya wa IAC. Hata hivyo, kile ambacho ni mbinu mpya huleta ni wigo na uwezekano uliopanuliwa, umakini zaidi wa mahitaji ya habari ya kiufundi, na wepesi ulioimarishwa, huku mazingira ya Ulinzi yakiendelea kubadilika. BCOs ni baadhi ya ambazo ni bado zitachambua na kuunganisha taarifa za kisayansi na kiufundi (STI). Hata hivyo, wanapaswa pia kuchukua jukumu lililopanuliwa katika uchanganuzi na ujumuishaji wa programu kwa kutathmini na kuunda karibu dola bilioni 6 katika Majukumu ya Kiufundi ya Maeneo (TATs). TAT ni toleo shirikishi la Mpango wa IAC, ambapo DTIC huinua tasnia na wasomi bora na angavu zaidi kufanya utafiti na uchanganuzi, kukuza suluhu za kiubunifu kwa mahitaji magumu zaidi. IAC BCOs itahakikisha uthabiti na kupunguza marudio ya kazi ya awali au nyingine inayoendelea kwa kusaidia kuhakikisha TAT zinaitikia zaidi mahitaji ya wateja na masharti mapana ya DoD. BCOs pia zinahitajika kuhakikisha kuwa matokeo ya TAT yameandikwa ipasavyo na yanapatikana kwa usambazaji mpana. Mbinu hii inafanikisha uokoaji wa gharama na inapunguza hatari, kuhakikisha kwamba katika wakati huu wa kupungua kwa bajeti na mahitaji yanayobadilika, Jumuiya ya Ulinzi hutumia maarifa yote yanayopatikana ili kutambua na kutekeleza masuluhisho ya kibunifu. CSIAC BCO inawakilisha BCO iliyotunukiwa kwanza chini ya muundo mpya wa DTIC. Kama jina lake linavyopendekeza, lengo kuu la kiufundi la CSIAC ni Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Habari. CSIAC huunganisha maeneo la teknolojia ya uhandisi wa programu la DACS, eneo la teknolojia na makundi ya uundaji na uigaji la MSIAC, na eneo la teknolojia ya uhakikisho wa taarifa la IATAC pamoja. Pia itashughulikia maeneo mawili mapya ya kuzingatia teknolojia: usimamizi wa maarifa na kushiriki habari. Zaidi ya hayo, CSIAC itapanuka katika maeneo mengine muhimu na kufuatilia kwa karibu teknolojia mpya zinapoibuka. <ref name="welcome-to-csiac">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Zember|first=Christopher|title=cyber security tips by Let's build destiny|url=http://www.letsbuilddestiny.org.in/day-4-08-12-2018-cybersecurity-tips/|accessdate=2019-02-28|archivedate=2019-02-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228133502/http://www.letsbuilddestiny.org.in/day-4-08-12-2018-cybersecurity-tips/}}</ref> CSIAC inafanya kazi chini ya uongozi wa Kamati ya Uongozi ya Serikali. Kamati hiyo inaundwa na watu 19 kutoka Serikalini, DoD, na jumuiya za utafiti na maendeleo (R&D), ikiwa ni pamoja na uwakilishi kutoka Mpango wa Uhakikisho wa Taarifa za Ulinzi (DIAP), Kikosi Kazi cha Pamoja cha Operesheni za Mtandao wa Kimataifa (JTF-GNO), Kitaifa. Shirika la Usalama (NSA), Shule ya Uzamili ya Jeshi la Wanamaji (NPS), Ofisi ya Katibu wa Ulinzi (OSD), na [https://web.archive.org/web/20130524195410/http://nioc-norfolk.navy.mil/ Amri ya Operesheni ya Taarifa ya Jeshi la Wanamaji - Norfolk], kwa kutaja machache. Kamati ya uongozi hukutana mara moja kwa mwaka na kutoa maoni udhbati uaolinganisha maoni na maoni kwa shughuli za CSIAC, hasa juhudi zetu za ukusanyaji na usambazaji wa taarifa. Zaidi ya hayo, mada za ripoti za kiufundi ambazo waandishi wa CSIAC huandika zinaagizwa na Kamati ya Uongozi. <ref name="CSIAC-history"/> Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Taarifa za Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Habari (CSIAC) ni Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Taarifa za Idara ya Ulinzi ya Marekani (IAC) na kufafanuliwa sera za kimitambo kinachofadhiliwa na Kituo cha Taarifa za Kiufundi cha Ulinzi (DTIC), na Katibu Msaidizi wa Ulinzi wa Utafiti na Uhandisi (ASDR&E). CSIAC ni mwenyeji na [http://quanterion.com Quanterion Solutions Incorporated] . === Wajumbe wa Timu === Washiriki wa timu ya CSIAC wanajumuisha kila aina ya BCO, washiriki wa timu ya Daraja la 1, na washiriki wa timu ya Daraja la 2. ==== BCO ==== [http://quanterion.com Quanterion Solutions Incorporated], biashara ndogo huko [[Utica, New York]] ilipewa kandarasi ya CSIAC katika msimu wa joto haswa wa 2012. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CSIAC Team Members|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/about/csiac-team|accessdate=2013-08-23|archivedate=2013-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921182831/https://www.thecsiac.com/about/csiac-team}}</ref> ==== Washiriki wa Timu ya Daraja la 1 ==== * [http://www.aegistg.com/] [[AEgis Technologies]] * [http://www.ainfosec.com/ Usalama wa Habari Uliohakikishwa] (AIS) * [http://www.srcinc.com/ SRC] * Chuo Kikuu cha Syracuse * Chuo Kikuu cha George Mason * Chuo Kikuu cha Kusini mwa California Mbali na washiriki wa Timu ya Daraja la Kwanza, timu ya CSIAC inajumuisha mashirika ya Daraja la Pili, ambayo hutoa usaidizi wa malengo kuu wa kufikia nyuma na wataalam wa mada (SMEs) ambao husaidia kwa maswali ya kiufundi, ripoti za Hali ya Sanaa (SOARs), na msingi. Kazi za Uchambuzi (CATs). Mashirika ya Daraja la 2 ya timu ya CSIAC ni pamoja na: * Kampuni ya Survice Engineering <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.survice.com/|title=Home - SURVICE Engineering Company|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016}}</ref> * Jiwe Mvua <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://wetstonetech.com/|title=WetStone Technologies, Inc. - Home|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304120238/https://www.wetstonetech.com/|archivedate=2024-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Aptima <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aptima.com/|title=Home - Aptima|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016}}</ref> * Uhandisi wa Minerva <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.minervaengineering.com/minerva/site/default.aspx|title=Minerva Engineering - Engineering Excellence for the Warfighter|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016|archivedate=October 6, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006153721/http://www.minervaengineering.com/minerva/site/default.aspx}}</ref> * Taasisi ya Griffiss <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.griffissinstitute.org/|title=Home - Griffiss Institute|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016}}</ref> * Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la New York (SUNY IT) * Chuo cha Utica == Huduma == === Jumuiya ya Mazoezi === Mkakati wa CSIAC wa kushughulikia mawanda yaliyopanuliwa ya IAC tatu ( DACS, IATAC, MSIAC ), pamoja na maeneo mapya ya usimamizi wa maarifa na upashanaji habari kwa ukamilifu ni kujenga na kuwezesha Jumuiya ya Mazoezi (CoP) kwa ajili ya usalama wa mtandao na mifumo ya taarifa. jumuiya. <ref name="welcome-to-csiac"/> Tovuti ya CSIAC (www.thecsiac.com) hutoa miundombinu ya CoP na hutumika kama kichocheo. Tovuti ya CSIAC inaendeshwa na wanachama na inahimiza ushiriki kutoka kwa jumuiya ya CSIAC inayoungwa mkono na rasilimali na shughuli za CSIAC. Tovuti inasisitiza kuunganisha na kugawa rasilimali za CSIAC na wanachama wake kwa kusaidia ubadilishaji na ushirikiano. <ref name="welcome-to-csiac"/> CoP inasaidia utendakazi na uwepo wa mzima wa CSIAC, ikijumuisha ukusanyaji wa taarifa, uchambuzi na usambazaji. <ref name="welcome-to-csiac"/> === Mtandao wa Mtaalamu wa Mada (SME). === Mtandao wa Mtaalamu wa Masuala ya Masomo (SME) wa CSIAC ni mojawapo ya nyenzo muhimu kwa jumuiya ya watumiaji. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2016)">nukuu inahitajika</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Hutoa utajiri wa maarifa na habari kwa kituo kupitia njia mbalimbali. Kwa mfano, SMEs ndio wachangiaji wakuu wa makala za majarida kubadilisha mawasiliano na mawasilisho ya mtandao. Pia zinapatikana ili kujibu maswali, kusaidia ripoti za Hali ya Juu (SOARs), na kufanya utafiti na uchambuzi ili kusaidia Kazi za Uchambuzi wa Msingi (CATs). <ref name="sme">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CSIAC Subject Matter Expert (SME) Network|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/services/subject-matter-experts|accessdate=2013-08-23|archivedate=2013-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190819/https://www.thecsiac.com/services/subject-matter-experts}}</ref> ==== Sifa za SME ==== CSIAC SMEs ni wale watu ambao wanachukuliwa kuwa wataalam katika nyanja ambazo ziko ndani ya kikoa cha kiufundi cha CSIAC (yaani, usalama wa mtandao, uhakikisho wa taarifa, uhandisi wa programu, Uundaji wa Miundo na Uigaji, na Usimamizi wa Maarifa/Ushirikiano wa Taarifa). Hakuna kigezo kimoja kinachotoa msingi wa kuchukuliwa kuwa mtaalam mkuu wa miundombinu, lakini badala yake inategemea mchanganyiko wa mambo, ikiwa ni pamoja na mtu binafsi: * Elimu (yaani, shahada ya kwanza, shahada ya uzamili na udaktari) * Uzoefu wa kazi (miaka katika uwanja, nafasi zilizoshikiliwa, programu za zamani, n.k.) * Machapisho <ref name="sme"/> Hifadhidata na tarakilishi za kila aina ya ina anuwai ya SME kutoka asili tofauti. Miongoni mwao ni wanachama wa wafanyakazi wa kiufundi wa CSIAC, watu muhimu kutoka mashirika wanachama wa timu, viongozi wakuu wa kijeshi waliostaafu, watafiti wakuu wa kitaaluma, na watendaji wa sekta hiyo. === Maswali ya kiufundi === CSIAC hutoa hadi saa nne za utafiti wa uchunguzi wa kiufundi bila malipo ili kujibu maswali ya kiufundi yanayowavutia sana watumiaji. Maswali ya kiufundi wa mitambo za miundombinu yanayowasilishwa mtandaoni yanatumwa moja kwa moja kwa mchambuzi anayemtambua mfanyakazi, mshiriki wa timu ya CSIAC, au Mtaalamu wa Masuala ya Masomo (SME) anayefaa zaidi kujibu swali. Jibu lililokamilishwa litatumwa kwa mtumiaji, na linaweza kuchukua hadi siku 10 za kazi; ingawa kwa kawaida hutolewa mapema. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=theCSIAC.com - Submit a Technical Inquiry|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/services/technical_inquiry|accessdate=2013-08-23|archivedate=2013-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921191227/https://www.thecsiac.com/services/technical_inquiry}}</ref> === Mpango wa Kazi ya Uchambuzi wa Msingi (CAT). === Changamoto za matatizo ya kiufundi ambayo ni zaidi ya upeo wa uchunguzi wa kimsingi (yaani, yanahitaji zaidi ya saa nne za utafiti) yanaweza kutatuliwa kwa kuanzisha Kazi ya Uchambuzi wa Msingi (CAT). PAKA ni juhudi za kazi zinazofadhiliwa tofauti zaidi ya bidhaa na huduma za msingi za CSIAC. Kupitia mpango wa CAT, CSIAC inaweza kutumika kama gari la kandarasi, kuwezesha DoD kupata usaidizi maalum kwa miradi mahususi. Miradi hii, hata hivyo, lazima iwe ndani ya kikoa cha kiufundi cha pekee cha CSIAC (usalama mtandaoni, Uhakikisho wa Taarifa, Uhandisi wa Programu, Uundaji wa Miundo na Uigaji, na Usimamizi wa Maarifa/Ushirikiano wa Taarifa). <ref name="cat">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Core Analysis Task (CAT) Program|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/services/cat-program|publisher=CSIAC|accessdate=23 August 2013|archivedate=21 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921173957/https://www.thecsiac.com/services/cat-program}}</ref> Baadhi ya faida za mpango wa IAC CAT ni pamoja kuwepo na: * Ucheleweshaji mdogo wa kuanza kazi - Sio tu kwamba CSIAC hutoa DoD na mashirika mengine gari la mkataba, lakini pia ni tuzo moja ya CPFF IDIQ iliyoshindaniwa awali. Kazi inaweza kuanza katika mradi ndani ya wiki 4-6 baada ya agizo kuwekwa. * Kikoa Kinachopanuka cha Kiufundi - wigo mpana wa CSIAC (Usalama wa Mtandao, Uhakikisho wa Taarifa, Uhandisi wa Programu, Uundaji wa Miundo na Uigaji na Usimamizi wa Maarifa/Ushirikiano wa Taarifa) hutoa nyenzo nyingi kwa miradi inayoweza kutekelezwa, na ni muhimu sana kwa juhudi zinazovuka vikoa vingi. * Mtandao wa Mtaalamu wa Mada (SME) - CSIAC inaweza kutumia usaidizi wa kufikia nyuma kutoka kwa Mtandao wake mpana wa SME, ikiwa ni pamoja na wataalam wa kiufundi kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa CSIAC, wanachama wa timu, au jumuiya kubwa zaidi, ili kukamilisha CAT na miradi mingine. * Hazina za Taarifa za Kisayansi na Kiufundi (STI) - Kama muunganisho wa IAC tatu zilizotangulia, CSIAC ina data na taarifa nyingi za kusaidia kukamilika kwa CAT. * Tekeleza Matokeo ya Hivi Punde - Chora kutoka kwa tafiti za hivi majuzi zaidi zilizofanywa kwa wakala kote katika DoD, kwani matokeo kutoka kwa CSIAC CATs na Majukumu ya Maeneo ya Kiufundi ya SNIM (TATs) yanakusanywa, kuhifadhiwa na kutumika kusaidia juhudi za baadaye za CSIAC. <ref name="cat"/> === Mpango wa Taarifa za Kisayansi na Kiufundi (STI). === CSIAC hukusanya STI zinazohusiana na IA/DIO ili kushiriki na DoD, mashirika mengine ya serikali, wakandarasi wao pamoja na wanaomiliki kandarasi, na jumuiya ya utafiti na uhandisi (R&E). Mpango wa magonjwa ya zinaa unasimamiwa na Maagizo ya DoD 3200.12, Mpango wa DoD STI. CSIAC ina maelfu ya hati zinazohusiana na IA/DIO katika hazina yao ya kiufundi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.surviac.wpafb.af.mil/csiac/download/Vol7_No4.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812042715/http://www.surviac.wpafb.af.mil/csiac/download/Vol7_No4.pdf|archivedate=2014-08-12}}</ref> Mkusanyiko huu ni mchanganyiko wa nyenzo zilizoainishwa na kusawazishwa na zisizoainishwa. Nyaraka zote za CSIAC zimepakiwa kwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20100421083702/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/announcements/DOAC.html Udhibiti wa Ufikiaji Mtandaoni wa DTIC (DOAC)], ambayo ni hazina ya mtandaoni ya magonjwa ya zinaa kutoka kwa IAC zote za DTIC. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/announcements/DOAC.html|title=DTIC Online Access Controlled|publisher=Dtic.mil|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023235317/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/announcements/DOAC.html|archivedate=2011-10-23}}</ref> Maktaba kibinfasi na kipekee ya CSIAC huwezesha kubadilishana maarifa kati ya vikundi na mashirika mbalimbali, na magonjwa yote ya zinaa yanaweza kufikiwa kwa urahisi na jumuiya ya IA/DIO ndani ya maagizo ya uainishaji na usambazaji wa pili. <ref>Goertzel et al. (2010) ''CSIAC's Critical Role in Cyber Security'', SoftwareTech News, Vol. 13 No. 2</ref> Aina zote ze kitarakilishi za ST zinaelekezwa na CSIAC yanafaa kwa utafiti wa IA/CS, maendeleo, uhandisi, upimaji, tathmini, uzalishaji, uendeshaji, matumizi au matengenezo. Magonjwa ya zinaa hukusanywa katika aina nyingi ikiwa ni pamoja na hati zinazotegemea maandishi, media titika, na faili tajiri za midia. Baadhi ya maeneo ya mada ni pamoja na: Biometrics, Mashambulizi ya Mtandao wa Kompyuta, Ulinzi wa Mtandao wa Kompyuta, Ugaidi wa Mtandao, Udukuzi, Vita vya Habari, Vita vya Mtandao, Misimbo Hasidi, Tathmini za Bidhaa, miongoni mwa zingine. CSIAC hukusanya mawasilisho ambayo hayajaainishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya yote ya IA/CS. === Kalenda ya Matukio === CSIAC hudumisha kalenda ya mtandaoni ya matukio yanayohusiana na maslahi ya wanachama wake kote dunian haswa marekani. Kalenda ya Matukio inapatikana pia kama mlisho wa RSS au HTML inayoweza kutazamwa kutoka kwa tovuti ya CSIAC. == Bidhaa == === S ² CPAT === [https://s2cpat.thecsiac.com/ Zana ya Uchambuzi wa Gharama na Mifumo ya Programu na Utendaji (S ² CPAT)] {{Wayback|url=https://s2cpat.thecsiac.com/ |date=20130829134255 }} ni zana inayotegemea wavuti yenye lengo la kunasa na kuchambua data ya uhandisi wa programu kutoka kwa miradi iliyokamilishwa ya programu kuu za kufanya ambayo inaweza kutumika kuboresha: * ubora wa mifumo inayotumia programu * uwezo wa kutabiri maendeleo ya mifumo ya programu-kubwa kwa heshima na juhudi na ratiba <ref name="welcome-to-csiac"/> S ² CPAT kwa sasa inaruhusu kuwepo kwa watumiaji kutafuta miradi sawa ya programu na kutumia data kusaidia: * Mpangilio mbaya wa makadirio ya ukubwa kwa juhudi na ratiba ya ukuzaji programu * Upangaji na usimamizi wa mradi: maelezo ya kielelezo cha mzunguko wa maisha, hatari kuu, mafunzo tuliyojifunza, violezo, makadirio ya utabiri * Utafiti wa uhandisi wa programu <ref name="welcome-to-csiac"/> Hazina ya S ² CPAT ina Ripoti ya Data ya Rasilimali za Programu (SRDR) data iliyotolewa na Jeshi la Wanahewa la Marekani. Data hii imesafishwa kwa ajili ya kutolewa kwa umma na DoD na kuthibitishwa na timu kutokana na tovuti ya utafiti inayofadhiliwa na DoD. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Welcome to S2CPAT|url=https://s2cpat.thecsiac.com/|accessdate=2024-03-11|archivedate=2013-08-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829134255/https://s2cpat.thecsiac.com/}}</ref> === Ripoti === CSIAC huchapisha nakala na aina tatu za ripoti kuhusu mada za sasa za Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Habari: # Ripoti za hali ya juu (SOAR) huchunguza maendeleo katika masuala ya IA. Mada zilizopita za SOAR ni pamoja na: Insider Threat, <ref>Gabrielson et al. (2008) ''The Insider Threat to Information Systems'', An CSIAC State-of-the-Art Report.</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.pnl.gov/coginformatics/media/pdf/TR-PACMAN-65204.pdf|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2013-08-23|archivedate=2011-10-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019021114/http://www.pnl.gov/cogInformatics/media/pdf/TR-PACMAN-65204.pdf}}</ref> Uhakikisho wa Usalama wa Programu, Usimamizi wa Hatari kwa Msururu wa Ugavi wa Teknolojia ya Mawasiliano ya Nje ya Rafu, <ref>Goertzel et al. (2010) ''Security Risk Management for Off-the-Shelf (OTS) Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Supply Chain'', An CSIAC State-of-the-Art Report.</ref> na Kupima Usalama wa Mtandao na Uhakikisho wa Taarifa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/download/cybersecurity.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216015925/http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/download/cybersecurity.pdf|archivedate=February 16, 2013|title=404w Page Not Found (DTIC)|author=|date=|publisher=|accessdate=October 5, 2016}}</ref> # Mapitio Muhimu na Tathmini za Teknolojia (CR/TA) hutathmini na kuunganisha taarifa za hivi punde zinazopatikana kutokana na matokeo ya hivi majuzi ya R&D. Wanatoa tathmini linganishi za teknolojia na/au mbinu kulingana na sifa mahususi za kiufundi. <ref name="reports">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/reports.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121118155158/http://iac.dtic.mil/csiac/reports.html|archivedate=November 18, 2012|title=CSIAC-Reports|publisher=iac.dtic.mil|accessdate=August 23, 2013}}</ref> Mada ni pamoja na Usalama wa Mtandao wa Eneo Mpana Usio na Waya (WWAN), Vita vya Msingi vya Mtandao, na [[Biotekinolojia|Bayoteknolojia]] . # Ripoti za Zana zinaonyesha teknolojia ya sasa na hutoa uorodheshaji wa malengo ya bidhaa zinazopatikana kwa sasa. <ref name="reports" /> Mada za ripoti za zana ni pamoja na ngome, tathmini ya uwezekano wa kuathiriwa, Mifumo ya Kugundua Uvamizi na programu hasidi . === Jarida la Udhibiti === ''Jarida la CSIAC ni ambalo la Usalama wa Mtandao na Mifumo ya Taarifa'' ni jarida la kiufundi la kila robo mwaka lililoandikwa kutoka kwa mtazamo wa DoD na lina yafuatayo: muhtasari na uhakiki wa ripoti muhimu, zilizopatikana hivi karibuni na/au makala za jarida; muhtasari wa kuanzishwa kwa programu mpya za R&D; orodha au kalenda ya mikutano ya baadaye, symposia, nk; na muhtasari wa mafanikio muhimu ya kiteknolojia na matumizi mapya muhimu ya kiteknolojia na mambo muhimu ya maendeleo mengine yoyote ambayo hayajakamilika. Habari kutoka kwa programu mbalimbali za DoD CSIAC ambazo zinaweza kuwa za manufaa kwa mashirika mengine ya DoD pia zinaweza kujumuishwa. Jarida hili linasambazwa katika muundo wa kuchapishwa na kielektroniki kwa waliojisajili wa CSIAC bila malipo na linapatikana kwa kutazamwa na kupakua kutoka kwa tovuti ya CSIAC. <ref name="faqs">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CSIAC FAQs|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/about/faq|publisher=CSIAC|accessdate=23 August 2013|archivedate=2013-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921180854/https://www.thecsiac.com/about/faq}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. CSIAC. Archived from [https://www.thecsiac.com/about/faq the original] {{Wayback|url=https://www.thecsiac.com/about/faq |date=20130921180854 }} on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Vyanzo vya majarida ni mialiko ya moja kwa moja, uchapishaji wa "Call for Papers", na mawasilisho ambayo hayajaombwa. Mialiko ya moja kwa moja ndiyo njia inayojulikana zaidi, kwa kawaida kwa kuwasiliana na wawasilishaji wa mkutano na kuwauliza kama wanaweza kuandika kitu kulingana na uwasilishaji wao. Waandishi wanaombwa kwa utaalamu au uzoefu wao kuhusiana na mada ya suala la jarida. === Digest ya IA === Muhtasari wa Uhakikisho wa Taarifa wa CSIAC (IA) ni muhtasari wa habari wa nusu wiki kwa wataalamu wa uhakikisho wa taarifa na utegemezi wa programu wanaolinda Gridi ya Taarifa za Ulimwenguni (GIG). Inatumwa kwa barua pepe iliyoumbizwa na HTML na hutoa viungo vya makala na muhtasari wa habari katika wigo wa usalama wa mtandao, uhakikisho wa habari na mada za mifumo ya habari. <ref name="faqs"/> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://thecsiac.com/ Ukurasa wa Nyumbani wa CSIAC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140725135504/http://iac.dtic.mil/ Ukurasa wa Nyumbani wa Kituo cha Uchambuzi wa Habari cha DoD] * [https://www.strategicresponsesystems.com/cybersecurity-whitepaper Cybersecurity Whitepaper] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130902055405/http://www.acq.osd.mil/chieftechnologist/index.html Utafiti wa DoD na Ukurasa wa Nyumbani wa Biashara ya Uhandisi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140918200012/http://dodcio.defense.gov/ Afisa Mkuu wa Habari wa DoD Ukurasa wa Nyumbani] * [https://www.strategicresponsesystems.com/Governance-Risk-Compliance Government Risk Compliance] [[Jamii:Usalama wa mtandaoni]] 0ckjh3jqwuh9qskiujmyhzik660utum 2 182134 1611949 1448058 2026-10-29T20:23:37Z Alam Achille 81390 /* Singles */ 1611949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie | nom = Lubungo Mulamira Achille | image = <!-- Ajouter une photo si disponible --> | légende = Achille Lubungo Mulamira, dit Alam Nalp | nom de naissance = Lubungo Mulamira Achille | surnom = Alam Nalp | date de naissance = 30 juin 2006 | lieu de naissance = Minova, [[République démocratique du Congo]] | nationalité = Congolaise | activités = Artiste, entrepreneur | oeuvres principales = Fondateur de SpeedFint }} '''Lubungo Mulamira Achille''', dit '''Alam Nalp''', né le [[30 juin]] [[2006]] à [[Minova]] (République démocratique du Congo), est un jeune artiste et entrepreneur congolais. == Biographie == Né à Minova, dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo, Achille commence son école primaire dans la ville de [[Goma]]. En 2015, à l’âge de 9 ans, il rejoint son village natal{{Référence nécessaire}}. Passionné de musique, il s’inspire dès l’adolescence de plusieurs artistes et commence à composer. À l’âge de 14 ans, en 2020, il fonde un groupe nommé '''SUPER BOY’S''', marquant ses débuts artistiques. Il envisage alors de poursuivre une carrière dans la musique, mais rencontre des réticences de la part de ses parents, ce qui ralentit son élan initial{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Carrière artistique == Malgré les obstacles, Achille, sous le nom d’artiste '''Alam Nalp''', continue à développer son univers musical et à collaborer avec d’autres jeunes talents de son environnement{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Discographie == === Singles === • ''VIBE'' en featuring avec devy et Jan el patron audio lyrics officiel. - 30 mai 2026 * ''Money'' (avec Devy) – 20 août 2025 [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Mbele zako bwana'' (Afroamapiano) (2024) – audio non officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Il Fallait'' (avec Eluvoice) (2024) – audio officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Fine'' (2023) – official lyric video [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Pole Pole'' (2022) – audio officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] === Instrumentaux === * ''Dégât'' (instrumental beat) (2024) – produit par Alambeatz [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] == SpeedFint == En parallèle de son parcours musical, Achille développe un intérêt pour l’entrepreneuriat numérique. Il conçoit le projet '''SpeedFint''', une plateforme web et mobile lancée sous forme d’initiative personnelle. L’outil vise à combiner des services financiers de base avec des fonctionnalités communautaires, destinées principalement aux jeunes utilisateurs en République démocratique du Congo{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Influence et vision == À travers la musique et ses projets numériques, Achille exprime une volonté d’encourager la jeunesse congolaise à s’investir dans la créativité et les technologies{{Référence nécessaire}}. Son parcours illustre une approche où l’art et le numérique peuvent se rejoindre pour créer des opportunités économiques et sociales{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Notes et références == {{Références}} == Liens externes == * [https://speedfint.pythonanywhere.com/ Site de SpeedFint] {{Référence nécessaire}} * [https://www.instagram.com/achillealam?r=nametag Compte Instagram] {{Référence nécessaire}} [[Catégorie:Naissance en 2006]] [[Catégorie:Naissance en république démocratique du Congo]] [[Catégorie:Entrepreneur congolais (RDC)]] [[Catégorie:Musicien congolais (RDC)]] 1wwvjx8phhtmip0caal3uufh2hwzczn 1611950 1611949 2026-10-29T20:25:32Z Quinlan83 47719 Requesting deletion 1611950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete|No useful content}}{{Infobox Biographie | nom = Lubungo Mulamira Achille | image = <!-- Ajouter une photo si disponible --> | légende = Achille Lubungo Mulamira, dit Alam Nalp | nom de naissance = Lubungo Mulamira Achille | surnom = Alam Nalp | date de naissance = 30 juin 2006 | lieu de naissance = Minova, [[République démocratique du Congo]] | nationalité = Congolaise | activités = Artiste, entrepreneur | oeuvres principales = Fondateur de SpeedFint }} '''Lubungo Mulamira Achille''', dit '''Alam Nalp''', né le [[30 juin]] [[2006]] à [[Minova]] (République démocratique du Congo), est un jeune artiste et entrepreneur congolais. == Biographie == Né à Minova, dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo, Achille commence son école primaire dans la ville de [[Goma]]. En 2015, à l’âge de 9 ans, il rejoint son village natal{{Référence nécessaire}}. Passionné de musique, il s’inspire dès l’adolescence de plusieurs artistes et commence à composer. À l’âge de 14 ans, en 2020, il fonde un groupe nommé '''SUPER BOY’S''', marquant ses débuts artistiques. Il envisage alors de poursuivre une carrière dans la musique, mais rencontre des réticences de la part de ses parents, ce qui ralentit son élan initial{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Carrière artistique == Malgré les obstacles, Achille, sous le nom d’artiste '''Alam Nalp''', continue à développer son univers musical et à collaborer avec d’autres jeunes talents de son environnement{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Discographie == === Singles === • ''VIBE'' en featuring avec devy et Jan el patron audio lyrics officiel. - 30 mai 2026 * ''Money'' (avec Devy) – 20 août 2025 [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Mbele zako bwana'' (Afroamapiano) (2024) – audio non officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Il Fallait'' (avec Eluvoice) (2024) – audio officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Fine'' (2023) – official lyric video [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] * ''Pole Pole'' (2022) – audio officiel [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] === Instrumentaux === * ''Dégât'' (instrumental beat) (2024) – produit par Alambeatz [https://www.youtube.com/@Alam_nalp YouTube] == SpeedFint == En parallèle de son parcours musical, Achille développe un intérêt pour l’entrepreneuriat numérique. Il conçoit le projet '''SpeedFint''', une plateforme web et mobile lancée sous forme d’initiative personnelle. L’outil vise à combiner des services financiers de base avec des fonctionnalités communautaires, destinées principalement aux jeunes utilisateurs en République démocratique du Congo{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Influence et vision == À travers la musique et ses projets numériques, Achille exprime une volonté d’encourager la jeunesse congolaise à s’investir dans la créativité et les technologies{{Référence nécessaire}}. Son parcours illustre une approche où l’art et le numérique peuvent se rejoindre pour créer des opportunités économiques et sociales{{Référence nécessaire}}. == Notes et références == {{Références}} == Liens externes == * [https://speedfint.pythonanywhere.com/ Site de SpeedFint] {{Référence nécessaire}} * [https://www.instagram.com/achillealam?r=nametag Compte Instagram] {{Référence nécessaire}} [[Catégorie:Naissance en 2006]] [[Catégorie:Naissance en république démocratique du Congo]] [[Catégorie:Entrepreneur congolais (RDC)]] [[Catégorie:Musicien congolais (RDC)]] 1pm9lszhb0yy8e4l467bf3lm4pt6omc 0 189995 1611955 1361737 2026-10-29T22:10:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jutta Resch-Treuwerth''' ([[30 Aprili]] [[1941]] - [[18 Februari]] [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa [[Ujerumani]]. Alijulikana sana katika Ujerumani Mashariki kama mshauri wa [[ndoa]] na mahusiano.<ref name=JRTlautJRT>{{cite web|title=Ich über mich|url=http://www.jutta-resch-treuwerth.de/portraet.html|author=Jutta Resch-Treuwerth|work=Im Gedenken an Jutta Resch-Treuwerth - meiner Mutter - bleibt diese Website mit ihrem Kolumnen und Büchern erhalten.|publisher=Unter vier Augen|accessdate=16 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108214223/http://www.jutta-resch-treuwerth.de/portraet.html|archivedate=2024-11-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] 0q6n456q47kfuia4rro460oreq9lnq6 0 193929 1611907 1611822 2026-10-29T13:06:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elliot Godfrey-footballer.jpg|thumb|Elliott Godfrey]] '''Elliott Godfrey''' (alizaliwa Februari 22, [[1983]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anachezea timu ya Kings Langley F.C. kwa mkopo kutoka timu ya Wealdstone F.C.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.wealdstone-fc.com/first-team/player-profiles/ |title=ELLIOTT GODFREY Currently on loan to Kings Langley |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822082652/https://www.wealdstone-fc.com/first-team/player-profiles/ |archivedate=2025-08-22 |accessdate=2024-12-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://www.afcwimbledon.co.uk/news.php?Psection_id=2&Psub_section_id=1&Open=3510 Elliott joins up]</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wokingfc.co.uk/first-team/match/7/ | title=Staines Town 3 - 0 Woking | date=13 March 2010 | publisher=Woking Football Club | accessdate=17 June 2019 | archive-date=2017-12-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206201447/http://www.wokingfc.co.uk/first-team/match/7/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] guxkloam2smyrmtpxhkn247922fjk8v 0 198199 1611940 1515280 2026-10-29T18:52:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa,''' ni mwanasiasa wa Kongo aliyezaliwa Oktoba 14, 1970 huko Lusanga, katika jimbo la Kwilu, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Talatala|title=Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa|url=https://talatala.cd/deputes/351/|accessdate=2025-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121090227/https://talatala.cd/deputes/351/|archivedate=2025-01-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni naibu wa kitaifa wa heshima na mmoja wa watu mashuhuri wa Goma huko Kivu Kaskazini. Yeye ni naibu katibu mkuu wa ECIDE, chama mwanachama wa muungano wa Lamuka. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Ulinzi na Usalama katika Bunge la Kitaifa wakati wa bunge la 2018-2023. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa, propose la restauration de la cohésion nationale pour que comme un seul homme, toute la nation se mobilise pour exiger des partenaires des sanctions contre le Rwanda|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2024/03/20/emissions/parole-aux-auditeurs/jean-baptiste-muhindo-kasekwa-propose-la-restauration-de#:~:text=-Jean-Baptiste%20Muhindo%20Kasekwa,%20d%C3%A9put%C3%A9%20national%20honoraire%20et%20un,s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20l%E2%80%99Assembl%C3%A9e%20nationale%20pendant%20la%20l%C3%A9gislature%202018-2023.|date=2024-03-20|accessdate=2025-01-20}}</ref> == Wasifu == Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa, alizaliwa Oktoba 14, 1970 huko Lusanga, katika jimbo la Kwilu, katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ( [[RDC)|DRC)]] . Anajulikana kwa kujitolea kwake kama naibu wa mkoa wa [[Goma]], katika jimbo la [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] . Kazi yake ya kisiasa imegubikwa na uhuru wake wa chama, kwa kuwa yeye ni mwanachama asiye na msimamo, ambayo inamruhusu kubaki huru katika nafasi zake na kuingilia kati masuala muhimu, zaidi ya kuzingatia vyama. <ref name=":0"/> == Maisha ya kisiasa == Jean-Baptiste Muhindo Kasekwa alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa mkoa wa Goma katika uchaguzi wa 2019. Katika kipindi chote cha uongozi wake, alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa kama mwanachama wa Bunge la Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini. Kazi yake mara nyingi imejikita katika masuala ya usalama, utawala na maendeleo katika jimbo hilo, ambalo linakabiliwa na changamoto kubwa zinazohusiana na migogoro ya silaha, ukosefu wa utulivu wa kisiasa na matatizo ya kijamii. Wakati wa kipindi chake cha uongozi, alikuwa akijishughulisha sana katika utekelezaji wa jukumu lake la udhibiti na habari. Alianzisha ushirikiano kadhaa kwa ajili ya tahadhari ya wanachama wa serikali kukemea mapungufu au matatizo yanayoathiri mkoa wake na nchi yake. Miongoni mwa maswali maarufu ni yale yaliyoelekezwa kwa Waziri José Mpanda baada ya mlipuko wa volkano ya Nyiragongo mnamo 2021, kuhusu ukosefu wa tahadhari kutoka kwa Shirika la Uchunguzi wa Volcanological la Goma (OVG) <ref name=":0"/> == Jifunze == == Tazama pia == == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 9omwxzo5ks3w5lcqgvnks3b730pvxes 0 198218 1612056 1388942 2026-10-30T10:24:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melina Soochan''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]] wa [[Kanada]] kutoka [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]].<ref>[https://www.melinasoochan.com/images/melina-soochan-young-achievers-2000.jpg Copy of article in The Chronicle] {{Wayback|url=https://www.melinasoochan.com/images/melina-soochan-young-achievers-2000.jpg |date=20241202011708 }}.</ref><ref>[https://www.melinasoochan.com Melina Soochan]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 9kirj0xbv7xliz1ubkun7wcctamula5 0 203219 1611927 1466930 2026-10-29T15:47:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Holly Tucker''' (alizaliwa [[22 Desemba]], [[1992]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/holly-tucker-mn0003203082|title=Holly Tucker – Biography, Albums, & Streaming Radio |publisher=AllMusic|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki wa country]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mpiga vyombo mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wacotrib.com/waco_today_magazine/holly-tucker-star-still-rising-for-lorena-girl-after-voice/article_240049d0-9a5f-5fb1-a6a4-98a5c28e62b2.html|title=Holly Tucker: Star still rising for Lorena girl after 'Voice' spotlight|work=wacotrib.com|date=July 25, 2013|access-date=August 16, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911115504/http://www.wacotrib.com/waco_today_magazine/holly-tucker-star-still-rising-for-lorena-girl-after-voice/article_240049d0-9a5f-5fb1-a6a4-98a5c28e62b2.html|archivedate=2017-09-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[http://hollytucker.com/bio/ "About Holly"] {{Wayback|url=http://hollytucker.com/bio/ |date=20250226132825 }} at {{URL|hollytucker.com/}} (accessed September 11, 2017)</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 9ydpyhbysj0mphpi00eqzt4jxsm34vs 0 204658 1611963 1446457 2026-10-29T23:42:29Z Dostojewskij 18883 Faili:Patrick Stewart by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg 1611963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Faili:Patrick Stewart by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|Patrick Stewart (2019)]] '''Sir Patrick Stewart''' (alizaliwa 13 Julai 1940) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kiingereza]]. Akifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miongo saba katika jukwaa na skrini, amepokea tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na tuzo mbili za Laurence Olivier na [[Grammy Awards|Tuzo ya Grammy]], pamoja na uteuzi kwa Tuzo ya Tony, Tuzo tatu za Golden Globe, Tuzo nne za Emmy, na Tuzo tatu za Screen Actors Guild. Alipokea nyota kwenye [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] mwaka 1996 na alitunukiwa cheo cha knight na Malkia Elizabeth II kwa huduma zake kwa sanaa ya maigizo mwaka 2010.<ref name="thepsn">{{cite web|url=http://www.thepsn.org/psn/biography.asp|title=Patrick Stewart Biography|access-date=14 January 2008|year=2007|work=The Patrick Stewart Network|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111093439/http://www.thepsn.org/psn/biography.asp|archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref> Mwaka 1966, Stewart alijiunga na Royal Shakespeare Company. Alifanya debut yake katika tamthilia za Broadway mwaka 1971 katika uzalishaji wa ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. Mwaka 1979, alipokea tuzo ya Laurence Olivier kwa Muigizaji Bora katika Nyingine ya Pili kwa uigizaji wake katika ''Antony and Cleopatra'' kwenye West End. Huo ulikuwa ni nafasi yake ya kwanza ya televisheni katika ''Coronation Street'' mwaka 1967. Majukumu yake makubwa ya kwanza kwenye skrini yalikuwa katika ''Fall of Eagles'' (1974), ''I, Claudius'' (1976) na ''Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy'' (1979). Mwaka 2008 alirudia jukumu lake kama Mfalme Claudius katika ''Hamlet'' na alipokea tuzo yake ya pili ya Olivier na uteuzi wake wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya Tony kwa uzalishaji wa West End na Broadway mtawalia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McKittrick|first1=Chris|title=Patrick Stewart on His Early Career Struggles and What He Learned About Acting from Working at a Furniture Store|url=https://www.dailyactor.com/film/patrick-stewart-early-career-struggles/|website=Daily Actor|date=21 November 2013|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref> Stewart alijulikana kimataifa kwa nafasi yake kuu kama Kapteni Jean-Luc Picard katika ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' (1987–1994), nafasi aliyoirudia katika mfululizo wa filamu na ''Star Trek: Picard'' (2020–2023). Aliigiza kama Kapteni Ahab katika mfululizo wa miniseri wa Marekani ''Moby Dick'' (1998), Ebenezer Scrooge katika filamu ya televisheni ya TNT ''A Christmas Carol'' (1999) na Mfalme Henry II katika filamu ya Showtime ''The Lion in Winter'' (2003). Alijulikana pia kwa kuonekana kwa ucheshi katika vichekesho kama ''Frasier'' na ''Extras'', ambapo alipokea uteuzi wa Tuzo ya Primetime Emmy kwa Muigizaji Bora wa Wageni katika Series ya Vichekesho. Aligiza pia kama kiongozi wa ''Blunt Talk'' (2015–2016). Anatoa sauti kwa mkurugenzi wa CIA, Avery Bullock, katika ''American Dad!''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigissue.com/features/letter-to-my-younger-self/5961/brian-blessed-interview-the-queen-wanted-me-to-shout-gordons|title=Brian Blessed interview: "The Queen wanted me to shout 'Gordon's Alive!'"|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630202952/http://www.bigissue.com/features/letter-to-my-younger-self/5961/brian-blessed-interview-the-queen-wanted-me-to-shout-gordons|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nafasi yake ya kwanza ya filamu ilikuwa katika ''Hedda'' ya Trevor Nunn (1975), akifuatiwa na nafasi katika ''Excalibur'' ya John Boorman (1981) na ''Dune'' ya David Lynch (1984). Aliendelea kupata umaarufu alipoigiza kama Profesa Charles Xavier katika mfululizo wa filamu za ''X-Men'' (2000–2014), akirudia nafasi hiyo katika ''Logan'' (2017) na ''Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness'' (2022). Ameigiza katika filamu mbalimbali ikiwemo ''L.A. Story'' (1991), ''Robin Hood: Men in Tights'' (1993), ''Jeffrey'' (1995) na ''The Kid Who Would Be King'' (2019). Pia amepewa sauti katika nafasi za ''The Pagemaster'' (1994), ''The Prince of Egypt'' (1998), ''Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius'' (2001), ''Chicken Little'' (2005), ''Gnomeo & Juliet'' (2011) na ''Ted'' (2012). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Patrick Stewart alizaliwa Mirfield katika West Riding ya Yorkshire mnamo 13 Julai 1940, akiwa mtoto wa Gladys (aliyekuwa Barrowclough), mtengenezaji wa vitambaa na mfanyakazi wa viwandani, na Alfred Stewart (1905–1980), msimamizi mkuu wa regimenti katika Jeshi la Uingereza la Parachute Regiment wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], ambaye baadaye alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa jumla na mjumbe wa posta. Ana ndugu wawili wakubwa, Geoffrey (alizaliwa 1925) na Trevor (alizaliwa 1935). Alikulia katika familia maskini huko Mirfield, ambapo alikumbana na unyanyasaji wa nyumbani kutoka kwa baba yake. Kama matokeo ya huduma ya vita wakati wa uokoaji wa Dunkirk, baba yake alikumbwa na uchovu wa vita, ambao sasa unajulikana kama PTSD. Stewart alisema mwaka 2008, "Baba yangu alikuwa mtu mwenye nguvu, mtu mwenye nguvu sana, ambaye alipata alichotaka. Ilisemekana kwamba alipoingia kwenye uwanja wa mazoezi, ndege zilisimama kuimba. Ilikuwa ni miaka mingi kabla sijagundua jinsi baba yangu alivyoiingiza nafsi yake kwenye kazi yangu. Nimejipatia moustache kwa Macbeth. Baba yangu hakuwa na moustache, lakini nilipoangalia kwenye kioo kabla ya kutoka jukwaani niliona uso wa baba yangu ukinitazama kwa moja."<ref name="ghost">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org.uk/whatson/7514.aspx|title=Patrick plays the Ghost and Claudius in Hamlet|website=Royal Shakespeare Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409080926/http://www.rsc.org.uk/whatson/7514.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2010|access-date=2 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stewart alihudhuria Shule ya Crowlees Junior na Infant, shule inayohusiana na Kanisa la Kiingereza huko Mirfield. Alikiri baadaye kuwa kazi yake ya uigizaji ilitokana na mwalimu wake wa Kiingereza hapo, Cecil Dormand, ambaye alimweka Stewart aishike nakala ya Shakespeare na kumwambia aondoke na kuigiza. Alijiunga na Shule ya Sekondari ya Mirfield Modern mwaka 1951 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, na akaendelea kujifunza sanaa ya maigizo hapo. Karibu wakati huo, alikutana na kufahamiana na mwigizaji mwenzake Brian Blessed kwenye kozi ya maigizo huko Mytholmroyd. Akiwa na miaka 15, aliondoka shuleni na kuongeza ushiriki wake katika sanaa za uigizaji za mtaa. Alijimudu kwa kufanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari za magazeti na mwandishi wa makala za vifo kwa gazeti la mtaa, lakini alikata kazi hiyo baada ya mwaka mmoja alipolazimishwa na boss wake kuchagua kati ya uigizaji au uandishi wa habari. Kulingana na mmoja wa ndugu zake, Stewart alihudhuria mazoezi ya tamthilia alipopaswa kuwa kazini kisha akaandika hadithi alizokuwa akiripoti, au kumshawishi mwandishi mwingine kumtuliza. Stewart alijipatia kazi katika duka la samani, ambalo lilikuruhusu kuhudhuria mazoezi kwa urahisi bila migongano ya ratiba, na pia aligundua kuwa kipaji chake cha uigizaji kilikuwa kinatumika, jambo lililomsaidia kuwa na ufanisi katika mauzo huku akifanyia mazoezi mbinu za uigizaji kwa kubuni mbinu za kuuza kwa kila mteja. Alifundishwa pia mchezo wa masumbwi. Alisema kwamba uigizaji ulikuwa njia ya kujieleza akiwa mdogo. Stewart na Blessed baadaye walipokea misaada ya masomo kwa ajili ya kuhudhuria Shule ya Maigizo ya Bristol Old Vic. Stewart alikuwa mtu wa kwanza ambaye hakuwa mhitimu wa Oxford wala Cambridge kupokea msaada kutoka kwa Halmashauri ya West Riding.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tudors on Film and Television|url=https://archive.org/details/tudorsonfilmtele0000parr|last1=Robison|first1=William B.|last2=Parrill|first2=Sue|date=2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5891-2|location=Jefferson, NC|page=[https://archive.org/details/tudorsonfilmtele0000parr/page/n139 130]|author2-link=Sue Parrill}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1940|}} [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] qy1tvvfm0gx8w330ouiqqekt63qyjj3 1611964 1611963 2026-10-29T23:43:45Z Dostojewskij 18883 Jamii:Waliofariki 2026 1611964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Faili:Patrick Stewart by Gage Skidmore 2.jpg|thumb|Patrick Stewart (2019)]] '''Sir Patrick Stewart''' (alizaliwa 13 Julai 1940) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kiingereza]]. Akifanya kazi kwa zaidi ya miongo saba katika jukwaa na skrini, amepokea tuzo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na tuzo mbili za Laurence Olivier na [[Grammy Awards|Tuzo ya Grammy]], pamoja na uteuzi kwa Tuzo ya Tony, Tuzo tatu za Golden Globe, Tuzo nne za Emmy, na Tuzo tatu za Screen Actors Guild. Alipokea nyota kwenye [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] mwaka 1996 na alitunukiwa cheo cha knight na Malkia Elizabeth II kwa huduma zake kwa sanaa ya maigizo mwaka 2010.<ref name="thepsn">{{cite web|url=http://www.thepsn.org/psn/biography.asp|title=Patrick Stewart Biography|access-date=14 January 2008|year=2007|work=The Patrick Stewart Network|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111093439/http://www.thepsn.org/psn/biography.asp|archive-date=11 January 2008}}</ref> Mwaka 1966, Stewart alijiunga na Royal Shakespeare Company. Alifanya debut yake katika tamthilia za Broadway mwaka 1971 katika uzalishaji wa ''A Midsummer Night's Dream''. Mwaka 1979, alipokea tuzo ya Laurence Olivier kwa Muigizaji Bora katika Nyingine ya Pili kwa uigizaji wake katika ''Antony and Cleopatra'' kwenye West End. Huo ulikuwa ni nafasi yake ya kwanza ya televisheni katika ''Coronation Street'' mwaka 1967. Majukumu yake makubwa ya kwanza kwenye skrini yalikuwa katika ''Fall of Eagles'' (1974), ''I, Claudius'' (1976) na ''Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy'' (1979). Mwaka 2008 alirudia jukumu lake kama Mfalme Claudius katika ''Hamlet'' na alipokea tuzo yake ya pili ya Olivier na uteuzi wake wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya Tony kwa uzalishaji wa West End na Broadway mtawalia.<ref>{{cite web|last1=McKittrick|first1=Chris|title=Patrick Stewart on His Early Career Struggles and What He Learned About Acting from Working at a Furniture Store|url=https://www.dailyactor.com/film/patrick-stewart-early-career-struggles/|website=Daily Actor|date=21 November 2013|access-date=23 October 2023}}</ref> Stewart alijulikana kimataifa kwa nafasi yake kuu kama Kapteni Jean-Luc Picard katika ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' (1987–1994), nafasi aliyoirudia katika mfululizo wa filamu na ''Star Trek: Picard'' (2020–2023). Aliigiza kama Kapteni Ahab katika mfululizo wa miniseri wa Marekani ''Moby Dick'' (1998), Ebenezer Scrooge katika filamu ya televisheni ya TNT ''A Christmas Carol'' (1999) na Mfalme Henry II katika filamu ya Showtime ''The Lion in Winter'' (2003). Alijulikana pia kwa kuonekana kwa ucheshi katika vichekesho kama ''Frasier'' na ''Extras'', ambapo alipokea uteuzi wa Tuzo ya Primetime Emmy kwa Muigizaji Bora wa Wageni katika Series ya Vichekesho. Aligiza pia kama kiongozi wa ''Blunt Talk'' (2015–2016). Anatoa sauti kwa mkurugenzi wa CIA, Avery Bullock, katika ''American Dad!''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigissue.com/features/letter-to-my-younger-self/5961/brian-blessed-interview-the-queen-wanted-me-to-shout-gordons|title=Brian Blessed interview: "The Queen wanted me to shout 'Gordon's Alive!'"|access-date=22 July 2016|archive-date=30 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630202952/http://www.bigissue.com/features/letter-to-my-younger-self/5961/brian-blessed-interview-the-queen-wanted-me-to-shout-gordons|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nafasi yake ya kwanza ya filamu ilikuwa katika ''Hedda'' ya Trevor Nunn (1975), akifuatiwa na nafasi katika ''Excalibur'' ya John Boorman (1981) na ''Dune'' ya David Lynch (1984). Aliendelea kupata umaarufu alipoigiza kama Profesa Charles Xavier katika mfululizo wa filamu za ''X-Men'' (2000–2014), akirudia nafasi hiyo katika ''Logan'' (2017) na ''Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness'' (2022). Ameigiza katika filamu mbalimbali ikiwemo ''L.A. Story'' (1991), ''Robin Hood: Men in Tights'' (1993), ''Jeffrey'' (1995) na ''The Kid Who Would Be King'' (2019). Pia amepewa sauti katika nafasi za ''The Pagemaster'' (1994), ''The Prince of Egypt'' (1998), ''Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius'' (2001), ''Chicken Little'' (2005), ''Gnomeo & Juliet'' (2011) na ''Ted'' (2012). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Patrick Stewart alizaliwa Mirfield katika West Riding ya Yorkshire mnamo 13 Julai 1940, akiwa mtoto wa Gladys (aliyekuwa Barrowclough), mtengenezaji wa vitambaa na mfanyakazi wa viwandani, na Alfred Stewart (1905–1980), msimamizi mkuu wa regimenti katika Jeshi la Uingereza la Parachute Regiment wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], ambaye baadaye alifanya kazi kama mfanyakazi wa jumla na mjumbe wa posta. Ana ndugu wawili wakubwa, Geoffrey (alizaliwa 1925) na Trevor (alizaliwa 1935). Alikulia katika familia maskini huko Mirfield, ambapo alikumbana na unyanyasaji wa nyumbani kutoka kwa baba yake. Kama matokeo ya huduma ya vita wakati wa uokoaji wa Dunkirk, baba yake alikumbwa na uchovu wa vita, ambao sasa unajulikana kama PTSD. Stewart alisema mwaka 2008, "Baba yangu alikuwa mtu mwenye nguvu, mtu mwenye nguvu sana, ambaye alipata alichotaka. Ilisemekana kwamba alipoingia kwenye uwanja wa mazoezi, ndege zilisimama kuimba. Ilikuwa ni miaka mingi kabla sijagundua jinsi baba yangu alivyoiingiza nafsi yake kwenye kazi yangu. Nimejipatia moustache kwa Macbeth. Baba yangu hakuwa na moustache, lakini nilipoangalia kwenye kioo kabla ya kutoka jukwaani niliona uso wa baba yangu ukinitazama kwa moja."<ref name="ghost">{{cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org.uk/whatson/7514.aspx|title=Patrick plays the Ghost and Claudius in Hamlet|website=Royal Shakespeare Company|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409080926/http://www.rsc.org.uk/whatson/7514.aspx|archive-date=9 April 2010|access-date=2 January 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> Stewart alihudhuria Shule ya Crowlees Junior na Infant, shule inayohusiana na Kanisa la Kiingereza huko Mirfield. Alikiri baadaye kuwa kazi yake ya uigizaji ilitokana na mwalimu wake wa Kiingereza hapo, Cecil Dormand, ambaye alimweka Stewart aishike nakala ya Shakespeare na kumwambia aondoke na kuigiza. Alijiunga na Shule ya Sekondari ya Mirfield Modern mwaka 1951 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, na akaendelea kujifunza sanaa ya maigizo hapo. Karibu wakati huo, alikutana na kufahamiana na mwigizaji mwenzake Brian Blessed kwenye kozi ya maigizo huko Mytholmroyd. Akiwa na miaka 15, aliondoka shuleni na kuongeza ushiriki wake katika sanaa za uigizaji za mtaa. Alijimudu kwa kufanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari za magazeti na mwandishi wa makala za vifo kwa gazeti la mtaa, lakini alikata kazi hiyo baada ya mwaka mmoja alipolazimishwa na boss wake kuchagua kati ya uigizaji au uandishi wa habari. Kulingana na mmoja wa ndugu zake, Stewart alihudhuria mazoezi ya tamthilia alipopaswa kuwa kazini kisha akaandika hadithi alizokuwa akiripoti, au kumshawishi mwandishi mwingine kumtuliza. Stewart alijipatia kazi katika duka la samani, ambalo lilikuruhusu kuhudhuria mazoezi kwa urahisi bila migongano ya ratiba, na pia aligundua kuwa kipaji chake cha uigizaji kilikuwa kinatumika, jambo lililomsaidia kuwa na ufanisi katika mauzo huku akifanyia mazoezi mbinu za uigizaji kwa kubuni mbinu za kuuza kwa kila mteja. Alifundishwa pia mchezo wa masumbwi. Alisema kwamba uigizaji ulikuwa njia ya kujieleza akiwa mdogo. Stewart na Blessed baadaye walipokea misaada ya masomo kwa ajili ya kuhudhuria Shule ya Maigizo ya Bristol Old Vic. Stewart alikuwa mtu wa kwanza ambaye hakuwa mhitimu wa Oxford wala Cambridge kupokea msaada kutoka kwa Halmashauri ya West Riding.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Tudors on Film and Television|url=https://archive.org/details/tudorsonfilmtele0000parr|last1=Robison|first1=William B.|last2=Parrill|first2=Sue|date=2013|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-5891-2|location=Jefferson, NC|page=[https://archive.org/details/tudorsonfilmtele0000parr/page/n139 130]|author2-link=Sue Parrill}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1940|2026|Stewart, Patrick}} [[Jamii:waigizaji filamu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] aub5cbyfems7gi19300fgir6x2b5jro 4 208508 1611897 1611803 2026-10-29T12:36:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1611897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 576 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2485 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 583 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 370 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 776 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34943 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21471 || ↓ -8.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 123.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2485 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 776 || ↑ +331.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 583 || ↓ -16.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 576 || ↓ -17.1% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 524 || ↑ +322.6% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 423 || ↓ -8.4% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 370 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -9.2% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 333 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 328 || ↑ +7.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 29.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 58ok2hqv72hyiw3f0rttyep6h75qt0u 1611899 1611897 2026-10-29T12:42:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1611899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-29) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-29)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 423 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 576 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2485 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 583 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 352 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 354 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 300 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 370 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 181 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 164 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 333 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 776 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 224 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 257 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 286 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 132 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 275 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 239 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 225 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 524 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34943 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21473 || ↓ -8.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 123.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2485 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 776 || ↑ +331.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 583 || ↓ -16.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 576 || ↓ -17.1% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 524 || ↑ +322.6% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 423 || ↓ -8.4% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 370 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -9.2% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 333 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 328 || ↑ +7.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 29.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 1em15hbvix51zalb2iux6k72mzadh6k 1611977 1611899 2026-10-30T05:02:57Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1611977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 567 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 563 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 701 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34943 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 21473 || ↓ -8.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 123.4 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2485 || ↓ -26.8% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 776 || ↑ +331.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 583 || ↓ -16.0% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 576 || ↓ -17.1% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 524 || ↑ +322.6% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 423 || ↓ -8.4% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 370 || ↓ -7.5% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 354 || ↓ -9.2% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 333 || ↓ -10.0% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 328 || ↑ +7.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 29.0% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 162 || 13.0% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} rrcd227kcx61mzcbqvfyvi54smhpt4s 1611980 1611977 2026-10-30T05:17:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1611980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 567 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 563 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 701 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34944 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20724 || ↓ -12.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 119.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -26.6% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 701 || ↑ +178.2% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 567 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 4 || [[Marekani]] || 563 || ↓ -18.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +95.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 416 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 358 || ↓ -12.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 341 || ↓ -14.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 327 || ↓ -13.5% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 322 || ↑ +5.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 163 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 0m0t3wqh8wdddv3yi62s70vbx90uj94 0 217201 1611956 1606777 2026-10-29T23:26:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kate Yeo speaking at an event on climate change..jpg|thumb|Kate Yeo.]] '''Kate Yeo''' (alizaliwa [[2001]]) ni [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa vijana kuhusu mabadiliko ya tabianchi kutoka [[Singapuri|Singapuri.]] == Uharakati == Mnamo mwaka [[2018]], Yeo alianzisha kampeni ya BYO Bottle SG ili kupinga matumizi ya plastiki zinazotumika mara moja nchini Singapuri.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kate Yeo on championing the 'bring your own' movement|url=https://zerrin.com/kate-yeo-byo-bottle-singapore-fighting-single-use-plastic/|work=ZERRIN|date=2021-07-05|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en-US|author=Durva Simone Bose}}</ref> Mpango huo umefanya kazi na vibanda vya vinywaji vyenye idadi ya 231 na kuwafikia karibu watu 10,000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BYO Bottle SG|url=https://byobottlesg.com/|work=BYO Bottle SG|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Singapore's sustainability: Our garden city's efforts|url=https://hypesingapore.com/index.php/2021/06/23/singapores-sustainability-our-garden-citys-efforts/|work=Hype Singapore|date=2021-06-23|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en-GB|author=Jamie Mah}}</ref> Alipata Tuzo ya pili katika mashindano ya Insha ya Kimataifa kwa Vijana ya mfuko wa Amani wa Goi hii ni kutokana na insha yake yenye kichwa "Mapambano Dhidi ya Uchafuzi wa Plastiki". Yeo alikuwa mmoja wa waandaaji wa mandamano ya hali ya hewa ya ''We The Planet'' kwa Siku ya Dunia 2020.<ref>{{Citation|last=Seah|first=Kimberly|title=A Singapore Perspective: Is Activism Enough to Save the Climate? - The IAS Gazette|date=2020-12-30|url=https://iasgazette.com/2020/12/30/a-singapore-perspective-is-activism-enough-to-save-the-climate-2/|work=The IAS Gazette|language=en-US|access-date=2025-11-14|archive-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104081024/https://iasgazette.com/2020/12/30/a-singapore-perspective-is-activism-enough-to-save-the-climate-2/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kisha alianzisha shirika la Mpango wa Kuanzisha Upya Dunia,ambalo ni shirika lisilo la kiserikali la kimataifa linaloongozwa na vijana linalojitahidi kufanya harakati za hali ya hewa zipatikane kwa wote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Re-Earth Initiative on Promoting Inclusivity, Accessibility & Unity in the Climate Change Movement|url=https://www.theteenmagazine.com/the-re-earth-initiative-on-promoting-inclusivity-accessibility-unity-in-the-climate-change-movement|work=The Teen Magazine|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221184012/https://www.theteenmagazine.com/the-re-earth-initiative-on-promoting-inclusivity-accessibility-unity-in-the-climate-change-movement|archivedate=2021-12-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia alisaidia kuandaa mkutano wa mazingira ya vijana mtandaoni, ulioandaliwa na wabunge wa vijana wa Mpango wa [[Mazingira]] wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kate Yeo: Plastics and Climate Youth Activist|url=https://blogs.eui.eu/envlaw/kate-yeo-plastics-and-climate-youth-activist/|work=EUI Environmental Law and Governance Blog|date=2020-11-27|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en-GB|author=Rebecca Williams|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221184011/https://blogs.eui.eu/envlaw/kate-yeo-plastics-and-climate-youth-activist/|archivedate=2021-12-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo Aprili [[2021]], alikuwa mshiriki wa jopo katika mkutano wa ''Othering & Belonging'', pamoja na mwandishi na mwanaharakati wa hali ya hewa Naomi Klein na watetezi wengine wa vijana Tokata Iron Eyes, Xiye Bastida na Samia Dumbuya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Video & Recap: The 2021 O&B Virtual Summit {{!}} Othering & Belonging Institute|url=https://belonging.berkeley.edu/video-recap-2021-ob-virtual-summit|work=belonging.berkeley.edu|accessdate=2025-11-14}}</ref> Alihudhuria mkutano wa COP27 nchini [[Misri]] mwaka wa [[2022]] ili kuangalia jinsi biashara ya kimataifa ya mikopo ya kaboni itakavyotekelezwa.<ref>{{Citation|title=What S’pore youth want at COP27: Finalising carbon credits plan, financing for vulnerable nations|date=2022-11-06|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/what-s-pore-youth-want-at-cop27-finalising-carbon-credits-plan-financing-for-vulnerable-nations|work=The Straits Times|language=en|issn=0585-3923|access-date=2025-11-14}}</ref> Baada ya mkutano huo, alizungumzia kuhusu kuhisi kukatishwa tamaa kutokana na ukosefu wa maendeleo lakini akiendelea kuwa na  "tumaini lisiloelezeka". Yeo pia ni mwanzilishi wa Yeo pia ni mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha Dartmouth Huru kutoka Mafuta ya Kisukuku, ambalo linataka Chuo cha Dartmouth kukata uhusiano wa kifedha na makampuni ya mafuta ya visukuku.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dartmouth students urge college to stop accepting research money from fossil fuel companies|url=https://www.nhpr.org/nh-news/2023-10-24/dartmouth-students-urge-college-to-stop-accepting-research-money-from-fossil-fuel-companies|work=New Hampshire Public Radio|date=2023-10-24|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en|author=Mara Hoplamazian}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 2023, alishiriki katika kuandika ripoti inayokosoa uhusiano kati ya Taasisi ya Nishati na Jamii ya Arthur L. Irving na kampuni ya mafuta ya Irving. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Students at this Ivy League school call out Irving Oil {{!}} Canada's National Observer: Climate News|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/10/24/news/students-ivy-league-school-call-out-irving-oil|work=www.nationalobserver.com|date=2023-10-24|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en|author=Cloe Logan}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Fossil Free Dartmouth publishes “Investigating Irving” report critiquing College’s ties to fossil fuels|url=https://www.thedartmouth.com/article/2023/10/zhang-fossil-free-dartmouth-publishes-investigating-irving-report-critiquing-colleges-ties-to-fossil-fuels|work=Fossil Free Dartmouth publishes “Investigating Irving” report critiquing College’s ties to fossil fuels - The Dartmouth|accessdate=2025-11-14|language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wanawake]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:watu wa Singapuri]] fmh316tzm07waqhd4jvfgn69yn1g0xw 0 221258 1611906 1513097 2026-10-29T13:03:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Gobbo''' (amezaliwa [[Tabora]], [[Tanzania]], [[1974]]) ni ethnobotanist anayejishughulisha na utafiti wa tiba za [[jadi]] zinazotumiwa na waganga wa asili nchini Tanzania. Gobbo hufanya kazi ya kuwahoji waganga wa jadi na kurekodi mimea wanayotumia, kwa lengo la kutambua mimea ya asili yenye matumizi ya kitabibu.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.wingsworldquest.org/gobbo|title=Grace Gobbo|website=WINGS WorldQuest|language=en-US|access-date=2020-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417072225/http://www.wingsworldquest.org/gobbo|archivedate=2020-04-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gobbo alipata [[shahada ya kwanza]] katika Masomo ya [[Maendeleo]] kutoka Kimmage Development Studies Centre na kuendelea na masomo ya juu katika Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kimataifa ya Maynooth University.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=WINGS Women of Discovery |url=https://wingswomenofdiscovery.org/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=WINGS Women of Discovery |language=en-US}}</ref> == Historia == Akiwa amekulia katika familia ya [[Kikristo]] na baba yake akiwa daktari, Gobbo hapo awali alichukulia tiba za jadi kama uchawi. Baada ya masomo yake ya botaniki kumfichua ushahidi mpya wa kisayansi, Gobbo alianza kuwahoji waganga wa jadi ambao walieleza mafanikio yao katika kutumia mimea kutibu [[magonjwa]] mbalimbali. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] g5ps3id50zbprgkytld3f3jcuo1g1k4 0 224235 1611959 1498083 2026-10-29T23:31:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611959 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathleen Guthrie''' (née '''Maltby''') (Alizaliwa [[26 Februari]] [[1905]] -Alifariki [[7 Septemba]] [[1981]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uingereza]] aliyeonyesha maonyesho na London Group na katika Royal Academy na pia alikuwa na maonyesho kadhaa ya peke yake.<ref name="Spalding">{{cite book|author=Frances Spalding|author-link=Frances Spalding|publisher=Antique Collectors' Club|year=1990|title=20th Century Painters and Sculptors |url=https://archive.org/details/20thcenturypaint0006spal|isbn=1-85149-106-6}}</ref><ref name="GMWaters">{{cite book|author=Grant M. Waters|publisher=Eastbourne Fine Art|year=1975|title=Dictionary of British Artists Working 1900-1950|url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbrit0000wate_w1d0}}</ref> Wakati wa kazi yake ndefu, Guthrie alichora kwa mafuta, rangi za maji na akriliki. Pia alitengeneza skrini za hariri na michoro ya ukuta na kuandika na kuchora vitabu vya watoto.<ref name="BuckmanVol1">{{cite book|author=David Buckman|publisher=Art Dictionaries Ltd|year=1998|title=Artists in Britain Since 1945 Vol 1, A to L |isbn=0-95326-095-X}}</ref><ref name=KGLiss>{{cite web|author=Liss Fine Art|url=http://www.lissfineart.com/llfa__A_81__w_Kathleen-Guthrie__.htm|title=Kathleen Guthrie (1905-1981)|access-date=16 June 2017|work=Liss Fine Art}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1981]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uingereza]] cw4ilmancyxc1jww29245um2fegsowm 0 226460 1611930 1499937 2026-10-29T16:58:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611930 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Imperfect Journey''''' ni filamu ya mwaka 1994 ya hali halisi ya [[Ethiopia]] iliyoongozwa na Haile Gerima. == Muktadha == Imperfect Journey ni filamu iliyoidhinishwa na [[BBC]], inayochunguza hali ya [[Siasa ya Afrika|kisiasa]] na kiakili ya watu wa [[Ethiopia]] baada ya ukatili na ukandamizaji wa kisiasa au "ugaidi mwekundu" wa junta ya kijeshi ya [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]. Haile Gerima alisafiri hadi Ethiopia pamoja na Ryszard Kapuściński. Katika mwendo wa safari wanakutana na kuzungumza na watu kutoka ngazi zote za jamii ya Ethiopia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151001235536/http://www.zehabesha.com/imperfect-journey-directed-by-haile-gerima-with-richard-kapuscinski/ IMPERFECT JOURNEY-directed by Haile Gerima with Richard Kapuscinski - Zehabesha - Latest Ethiopian News Provider | Zehabesha – Latest Ethiopian News Provider]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africa-archive.com/et/657 |title=Imperfect Journey {{!}} African Film |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006201610/http://africa-archive.com/et/657 |archivedate=2015-10-06 |accessdate=2026-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Muigizaji wa filamu anawahoji mwelekeo wa serikali inayofuata maono na mapenzi ya watu katika kuunda taasisi zinazohakikisha [[ukombozi]] wao. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 1994]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] mthh2jd9g4x9jhd8dm7ucvzrki80n22 1611958 1611930 2026-10-29T23:29:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611958 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Imperfect Journey''''' ni filamu ya mwaka 1994 ya hali halisi ya [[Ethiopia]] iliyoongozwa na Haile Gerima. == Muktadha == Imperfect Journey ni filamu iliyoidhinishwa na [[BBC]], inayochunguza hali ya [[Siasa ya Afrika|kisiasa]] na kiakili ya watu wa [[Ethiopia]] baada ya ukatili na ukandamizaji wa kisiasa au "ugaidi mwekundu" wa junta ya kijeshi ya [[Mengistu Haile Mariam]]. Haile Gerima alisafiri hadi Ethiopia pamoja na Ryszard Kapuściński. Katika mwendo wa safari wanakutana na kuzungumza na watu kutoka ngazi zote za jamii ya Ethiopia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151001235536/http://www.zehabesha.com/imperfect-journey-directed-by-haile-gerima-with-richard-kapuscinski/ IMPERFECT JOURNEY-directed by Haile Gerima with Richard Kapuscinski - Zehabesha - Latest Ethiopian News Provider | Zehabesha – Latest Ethiopian News Provider]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://africa-archive.com/et/657 |title=Imperfect Journey {{!}} African Film |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151006201610/http://africa-archive.com/et/657 |archivedate=2015-10-06 |accessdate=2026-03-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref>Muigizaji wa filamu anawahoji mwelekeo wa serikali inayofuata maono na mapenzi ya watu katika kuunda taasisi zinazohakikisha [[ukombozi]] wao. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 1994]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] p1w68rtvflfszjzo7ppuqbn4pr7yihe 0 226806 1611983 1513818 2026-10-30T05:48:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Lígia Valente da Fonseca Severino''' ([[Mei 21]], [[1906]] - [[Agosti 14]], [[1991]]) <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Matos e Lemos|first=Mário|date=2009|title=Candidatos da Oposição à Assembleia Nacional do Estado Novo (1945–1973). Um Dicionário|url=https://www.parlamento.pt/arquivodocumentacao/documents/candidatos_oposicao.pdf?fbclid=IwAR1N-B73X8o3vp1pdjyuqwsp7cZYhRdTiq5koNLJeOLNbwyD7FiUHz-EgME}}</ref> alikuwa [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]] na mwandishi wa [[Ufeministi|masuala ya wanawake]] kutoka [[Ureno]] na [[Angola]]. Alitumia jina mbadala la Lília da Fonseca katika uandishi wake. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Pessoa |first=Ana Maria |date=June 19, 2012 |title=Uma viagem pela Europa em 1949: o diário e a correspondência de Fernanda Tasso de Figueiredo |url=https://periodicos.uff.br/revistagenero/article/view/30940 |journal=Revista Gênero |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |doi=10.22409/rg.v11i1.66 |doi-broken-date=July 12, 2025 |hdl=10400.26/28251 |issn=2316-1108 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kugombea katika uchaguzi wa wabunge wa Bunge la Jamhuri la Ureno, mwaka wa 1957. <ref name=":0" /> == Biografia == Maria Valente da Fonseca alizaliwa mwaka wa 1906 huko [[Benguela]], Angola, kwa mama kutoka Angola na baba aliyetokea Ulaya. Alihamia Ureno alipokuwa mdogo sana na alisoma katika Liceu Infanta D. Maria huko [[Coimbra]] na Escola Carolina Michäelis huko [[Porto]]. Kisha akahamishia makazi Angola, [[Luanda]], ambapo alifanya kazi ya mwandishi wa habari wa gazeti la ''A Província de Angola.'' Aliendelea kuandika kwa ajili ya chapisho hilo baadaye maishani mwake, aliporudi Ureno. Kitabu chake cha kwanza, ''Panguila'', kilichapishwa mwaka 1944 chini ya jina Lília da Fonseca. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Panguila; romance|last=Fonseca|first=Lilia da|date=1944|publisher=Parceria A.M. Pereira|location=Lisboa|language=pt|oclc=36844968}}</ref> Kitabu hiki kinaonyesha taswira ya uaminifu wajamii katika ukoloni wa Benguela wakati huo. Mwaka wa Novemba 1945, alisaini ilani ya wasomi wakipinga "kila aina ya vikwazo" vilivyowekwa kwenye shughuli za kielimu na utawala . <ref name=":0"/> Pia alijihusisha katika juhudi za kupinga vita, akisaini Ilani ya ''Pela Paz entre kama Nações'' ("Kwa Amani Miongoni mwa Mataifa"). <ref name=":2"/> Huo mwaka wa 1950, alianzisha jarida la ''Jornal-Magazine da Mulher'' ("Jarida la Wanawake") huko [[Lisbon]], na alishika nafasi kama mhariri hadi toleo la mwisho, mwaka1956. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mota|first=Arsenio|date=February 16, 2016|title=Arsénio Mota: Evocação: Lília da Fonseca|url=http://arseniomota.blogspot.com/2016/02/evocacao-lilia-da-fonseca.html|accessdate=August 10, 2020|work=Arsénio Mota}}</ref> Pia alianzisha ''Suplemento Literário Mãos de Fada: Revista de lavores'' ("Mikono yenye Kutoa Dozi ya Taarifa: Jarida la Nguvukazi ya Wanawake") na kufanya kazi kwenye jarida la kifeministi ''la Os Nossos Filhos'' ("Watoto Wetu"), ambalo lilitoa mtaala mbadala wa elimu kinyume na utawala wa Estado Novo . <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Pessoa |first=Ana Maria |date=December 2016 |title=Revista Os Nossos Filhos: resistência e oposição ao Estado Novo – Um olhar sobre as ligações sociais e profissionais da sua autora |url=http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0874-68852016000200008 |journal=Faces de Eva. Estudos Sobre a Mulher |volume=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304041718/http://www.scielo.mec.pt/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0874-68852016000200008 |archive-date=2021-03-04 |access-date=2026-04-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1957 alikuwa mgombea upinzani katika uchaguzi wa wabunge wa Bunge la Jamhuri la Ureno, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutajwa kwenye orodha ya wapiga kura. <ref name=":0"/> Fonseca aliendelea kuanzisha kikundi cha vibaraka, Teatro de Fantoches de Branca Flor. Kikundi hicho kilitumbuiza mashuleni, katika kambi za majira ya joto, katika vitongoji vyenye umasikini mkubwa nje kidogo ya Lisbon, na katika sinema za mkoa. Pia kiliwakilisha Ureno katika sherehe za kimataifa za vibaraka. <ref name=":1"/> Fonseca aliandika kazi mbalimbali za maonyesho kwa ajili ya kikundi hicho, ambazo baadhi yake zilitangazwa kupitia redio kwenye Emissora Nacional, mtangazaji wa kitaifa. Alipata udhamini kutoka kwa Wakfu wa Calouste Gulbenkian ambao ulimruhusu kutembelea kumbi za vibaraka katika nchi mbalimbali. Alichapisha kazi nyingi za fasihi zinazohusu nafasi ya mwanamke katika jamii, pamoja na riwaya na fasihi ya watoto. Alipokea tuzo kadhaa kwa kazi yake kutoka Emissora Nacional. <ref name=":0"/> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1991]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1906]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ureno]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ureno]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ureno]] ifvv5cpowdfmr6puj0en9ywhev2ovz5 0 227223 1611973 1510565 2026-10-30T04:24:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611973 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Tindyebwa''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Uganda]] anayeeishi [[Kampala]]. Yeye ni [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vingi, ikiwemo riwaya maarufu Recipe for Disaster, iliyochapishwa mwaka 1994 kama sehemu ya mfululizo wa Fountain Youth. Ni mwanachama wa kuanzisha FEMRITE, na ndiye mwanzilishi wa Uganda Faith Writers Association.<ref name="femriteug">[http://www.femriteug.org/?view=21 Lillian Tindyebwa] {{Wayback|url=http://www.femriteug.org/?view=21 |date=20141011043449 }}, femriteug.org. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</ref> and the founder of Uganda Faith Writers Association.<ref name="MAI">Meaghan Zang, [https://littworld.org/purpose-driven-publishing-in-uganda-an-interview-with-author-lillian-tindyebwa/ "Purpose Driven Publishing in Uganda, an Interview with Author Lillian Tindyebwa"], MAI (Media Associates International), 6 May 2013.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lillian Tindyebwa amesema: “Nilichochewa na kusoma, na nilikua nikisoma vitabu vingi nyumbani. Baba yangu marehemu alikuwa mwalimu wa [[Kiingereza]], na ingawa hakuwahi kuandika, alikuwa akisoma sana. Nilipokuwa shule ya msingi, ninakumbuka hasa nilipokutana na nakala ya zamani ya Pilgrim’s Progress ya Bunyan kati ya vitu vyake na nikaisoma. Mara nyingi nilidhani kuwa naweza kuwa mwandishi, hasa wakati wa shule ya upili. Kwa sababu isiyojulikana, labda kutokana na ukosefu wa waigwa wa kuigwa, sikuanza kuandika hadi baadaye katika maisha yangu.” Ana shahada ya uzamili (MA) ya fasihi kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]], Kampala, Uganda.<ref name="Kabale">[https://www.kab.ac.ug/staff-members/tindyebwa-lillian/ "Tindyebwa Lillian | Assistant Lecturer (Lit& Ling)"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.kab.ac.ug/staff-members/tindyebwa-lillian/ |date=20200320104715 }}, Kabale University.</ref> == Kazi ya uandishi == Riwaya ya Lillian Tindyebwa, Recipe for Disaster (1994), iliyochapishwa na Fountain Publishers, inatumika kama kitabu cha somo katika shule za upili nchini Uganda. Riwaya hii ni sehemu ya mfululizo wa Fountain Youth.<ref name="afrolit">[http://afrolit.com/femrite-s-lillian-tindyebwa/1041/l.aspx FEMRITE's Lillian Tindyebwa February 17, 2009], afrolit.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</ref><ref name="littworldonline">[http://www.littworldonline.org/blog/tag/lillian-tindyebwa/ "The smiles are warm"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913033025/http://www.littworldonline.org/blog/tag/lillian-tindyebwa/|date=13 September 2016}}, littworldonline.org, 29 November 2012. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</ref> Ameshawahi kuandika hadithi tatu za watoto: A Day to Remember (2008), A Will to Win (2008), na Maggie’s Friends (2008), zote zikiwa zimechapishwa na Macmillan Publishers. Hadithi yake fupi, “Looking for my Mother”, imechapishwa katika mkusanyiko wa FEMRITE, A Woman’s Voice. Hadithi nyingine fupi zilizochapishwa katika mikusanyiko ya FEMRITE ni: Hard Truth katika Words from a Granary, Endless Distance katika World of Their Own, pamoja na Just a Note na Gift of a Letter zilizojumuishwa katika Talking Tales. Hadithi halisi za wanawake pia zimechapishwa FEMRITE, ikiwa ni pamoja na Betrayed by Fate, Beyond the Dance and the Music—zinazohusu ukeketaji wa wanawake (FGM) katika Kapchorwa, Mashariki mwa Uganda, na Dance with a Wolf katika I Dare to Say. Tindyebwa pia aliendesha warsha ya uandishi katika Littworld 2012, Nairobi.<ref name="trans-culturalwriting">[http://www.transculturalwriting.com/LUFWP/content/Lillian_Tindyebwa.htm "Lillian Tindyebwa"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226171759/http://www.transculturalwriting.com/LUFWP/content/Lillian_Tindyebwa.htm|date=26 February 2024}}, transculturalwriting.com. Retrieved 22 April 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist|30em}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] mhasr4me41r60xl11aeckz4aulqdp6s 0 228209 1611985 1527549 2026-10-30T06:01:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabel Evwierhoma''' (alizaliwa [[Mei 7]], [[1965]]) ni [[Profesa]] wa [[Tamthilia|Sanaa ya Maigizo]] wa kutokea nchini [[Nigeria]] kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja]] . Yeye ni mtaalamu kwenye nadharia ya tamthilia, ukosoaji, masomo ya jinsia na masomo ya kitamaduni . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mabel Itohanosa Erioyunvwen Evwierhoma|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/mabel-itohanosa-erioyunvwen-evwierhoma/|accessdate=2024-06-17|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Hapo awali alishikilia nafasi ya Mkuu wa zamani wa Kitivo cha Sanaa, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja (mwaka 2014 hadi mwaka 2016), mkurugenzi wa enzi za kale, Kituo cha Masomo ya Usalama wa Jinsia na Maendeleo ya Vijana, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja (mwaka 2021 hadi mwaka 2023) na Baraza Linaloongoza la Wanachama, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja (mwaka 2009 hadi mwaka 2013). <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=CV CURRICULUM VITAE JUNE 2024 EVWIERHOMA MIE.pdf|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/169X--uZ1aUoD9qbE0bZCV0UpPETuieUD/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook|accessdate=2024-06-17|work=Theatre Arts Department, University of Abuja}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Mabel Evwierhoma's profile|url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf|work=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519012439/https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf|archivedate=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-04-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mabel Evwierhoma ni mzaliwa kwa wazazi wake Peter Omoviroro Tobrise na Theodora Tobrise, mzaliwa wa mahali panapoitwa Aiwerioghene mwaka wa tahehe 7 Mei 1965 kwenye [[Mji wa Benin|Jiji la Benin]], Oredo LGA ya [[Jimbo la Edo]] . Anatoka kijiji cha Ukpiovwin ndani Halmashauri ya Udu ya [[Delta (jimbo)|Jimbo la Delta]] . Alipata masomo ya shule ya msingi kwenye Shule ya Msingi ya Abadina kuanzia mnamo 1970 hadi mamo 1975, na Chuo cha Wasichana cha Serikali ya Shirikisho, Bauchi kuanzia mamo 1976 hadi mnamo 1981. Alipata Cheti chake cha Shule ya Sekondari mwaka wa 1983 kutoka Shule ya Sanaa na Sayansi ya Shirikisho, Suleja. Aliendelea na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]], Jimbo la Oyo, akipata Shahada ya Kwanza katika Sanaa ya Maonyesho mnamo 1986 na Shahada ya Uzamili mnamo 1988. Alipata Shahada ya Uzamivu katika Sanaa ya Maonyesho kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan mnamo 1996. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mabel Itohanosa Erioyunvwen Evwierhoma|url=https://nalonline.org.ng/mabel-itohanosa-erioyunvwen-evwierhoma/|accessdate=2024-06-17|work=Nigerian Academy of Letters|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://nalonline.org.ng/mabel-itohanosa-erioyunvwen-evwierhoma/ "Mabel Itohanosa Erioyunvwen Evwierhoma"]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Nigerian Academy of Letters''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Alihudhuria Chuo cha Galilee, Israeli, mnamo 2007. Aliamua kupata shahada katika fani tofauti kando na Sanaa ya Maonyesho. Alipata Shahada ya Kwanza. Shahada ya Kwanza katika Sheria mwaka 2016 kutoka&nbsp;Chuo Kikuu cha Igbinedion, Jimbo la Okada Edo (baada ya masomo ya muda). Aliendelea na masomo yake katika Shule ya Sheria ya Nigeria, Abuja, na kupata shahada ya BL katika Sheria mwaka wa 2018. Alipata shahada ya LL. M katika Sheria mwaka wa 2021 kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Nasarawa huko Keffi. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CV CURRICULUM VITAE JUNE 2024 EVWIERHOMA MIE.pdf|url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/169X--uZ1aUoD9qbE0bZCV0UpPETuieUD/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook|accessdate=2024-06-17|work=Theatre Arts Department, University of Abuja}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://drive.google.com/file/d/169X--uZ1aUoD9qbE0bZCV0UpPETuieUD/view?usp=sharing&usp=embed_facebook "CV CURRICULUM VITAE JUNE 2024 EVWIERHOMA MIE.pdf"]. ''Theatre Arts Department, University of Abuja''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Kazi == Kipidi cha mamo 1989 hadi mnamo 1990, Evwierhoma alikuwa mhadhiri msaidizi kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan, kabla ya kujiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja]] mwaka wa 1990 kama mhadhiri msaidizi. Alipanda cheo hadi cheo mpaka akafanikiwa kuwa Profesa kamili mwaka 2005. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|author=|title=Mabel Evwierhoma's profile|url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf|work=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519012439/https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf|archivedate=2026-05-19|accessdate=2026-04-13|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf "Mabel Evwierhoma's profile"] {{Wayback|url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |date=20260519012439 }} <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System''. p.&nbsp;143.</cite></ref> Alifanya kazi kwa cheo cha Mratibu wa Kitengo cha Masomo ya Jumla na Urekebishaji, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja (mwaka 1992 hadi mwaka 1994); kwa nafasi ya Mkuu wa Idara ya Sanaa ya Maigizo, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja (mwaka 1998 hadi mwaka 2000);mfanyakazi kama Naibu Mkurugenzi, Kitengo cha Huduma za Ushauri (2000 hadi 2003); Naibu Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Masomo na Maendeleo ya Usalama wa Jinsia (2005 hadi 2006). <ref name=":1"/> Alikuwa Mkurugenzi, Ofisi ya Maendeleo, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja, kuanzia 2007 hadi 2011; Baraza la Uongozi la Wanachama, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja, kuanzia 2009 hadi 2013; Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Sanaa, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja, kuanzia 2014 hadi 2016; Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Diaspora, kuanzia 2018 hadi 2020; na, Mkurugenzi, Kituo cha Masomo na Maendeleo ya Usalama wa Jinsia na Vijana, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja, kuanzia 2021 hadi 2023. <ref name=":1" /> == Machapisho == * Evwierhoma, M. (2002). “Uwezeshaji wa wanawake na ubunifu wa kuigiza nchini Nigeria” (Ibadan, Nigeria : Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Limited). <ref name="Evwierhoma 2002">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/5539711|title=Female empowerment and dramatic creativity in Nigeria|last=Evwierhoma|first=Mabel I. E.|date=2002|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Limited|isbn=978-978-36442-7-4|location=Ibadan, Nigeria}}</ref> * Evwierhoma, M. (2001). ''Kutoka mafichoni: mashairi'' . Ibadan: Sam Bookman Publishers, 2001. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11460465|title=Out of hiding: poems|last=Evwierhoma|first=Mabel I. E.|date=2003|publisher=Future Publishing|isbn=978-978-34095-5-2|edition=2nd|location=Ibadan, Nigeria}}</ref> * Evwierhoma, M. (2007). "Nigeria, utamaduni unaostawi katika utofauti", ikiwa ni karatasi iliyowasilishwa katika maadhimisho ya Siku ya Utamaduni Duniani kwa Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Mwelekeo wa Utamaduni, (NICO) Abuja. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/9950833|title=Nigeria, a flourishing culture in diversity: being a paper presented at the 2007 World Culture Day celebrations for the National Institute for Cultural Orientation, (NICO) Abuja|last=Evwierhoma|first=Mabel I. E.|date=2007|publisher=National Institute for Cultural Orientation|location=Abuja, Nigeria}}</ref> * Evwierhoma, M. (2002). "Uwezeshaji wa wanawake na ubunifu wa kuigiza nchini Nigeria". Ibadan, Nigeria: Machapisho ya Caltop. <ref name="Evwierhoma 2002" /> * Evwierhoma, M. (2006) (mhariri, na Gbemisola Adeoti), ''Baada ya Tuzo ya Nobel: tafakari kuhusu fasihi ya Kiafrika, utawala, na maendeleo'' . Lagos, Nigeria: Chama cha Waandishi wa Nigeria * Evwierhoma, M. (2014). "Maigizo ya ufeministi wa Nigeria: insha kuhusu shoka za kike katika tamthilia ya kisasa ya Nigeria". * Evwierhoma, M. (2015) (mhariri na Methuselah Jeremiah) ''Picha za kina za maadili ya kike : insha kuhusu wanawake katika tamthilia na utamaduni wa Afrika'' . Lagos, Nigeria: Concept Publications Limited, 2015. * Evwierhoma, M. (2021). "Heshima kwa Ukala", ''Vanguard'', 8 Novemba. * Evwierhoma, M. (2022). "Hagher na Wanawake': Safari ya Jinsia Kuingia Aishatu na Watu Wasiowapenda", ''Jarida la Mapitio ya Binadamu'', Juz. 2, Nambari 1. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Evwierhoma |first=Mabel I. |date=2002 |title=HAGHER AND WOMEN': A GENDERED EXCURSION INTO AISHATU AND ANTIPEOPLE |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/hrj/article/view/5892 |journal=Humanities Review Journal |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=22–29 |doi=10.4314/hrj.v2i1.5892 |issn=1596-0749 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * Evwierhoma, M. (2001). "Mwanamke Aliyejeruhiwa: Uchambuzi wa Wanawake wa Tamthilia Zilizokusanywa za Olu Obafemi" <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Wounded Woman: A Feminist Analysis of Olu Obafemi's Collected Plays|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mabel-Evwierhoma/publication/351980333_OLU_OBAFEMIS_WOUNDED_WOMEN/links/60b37a84299bf1f6d58543f3/OLU-OBAFEMIS-WOUNDED-WOMEN.pdf|work=The Performer}}</ref> == Viungo vya nje == Machapisho ya kitaaluma ya Mabel Evwierhoma yameorodheshwa katika Google Scholar. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MABEL EVWIERHOMA|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Tk2Zv_YAAAAJ&hl=en|accessdate=2024-06-17|work=scholar.google.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1965]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0j45z9e0pv4cd6657c85u82jvdsloud 2 228643 1611987 1599867 2026-10-30T06:10:15Z Gayle157 73366 /* */ 1611987 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 230122 1611954 1508950 2026-10-29T21:41:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611954 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Juju Factory''''' ni filamu ya mwaka 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africa-archive.com/cd/juju-factory |title=JuJu Factory {{!}} African Film |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410203435/http://africa-archive.com/cd/juju-factory |archivedate=2026-04-10 |accessdate=2026-04-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Muhtasari == Kongo anaishi Brussels, katika wilaya ya Matonge amabapo anaandika kitabu. Mhariri wake anataka aina ya kitabu cha wasafiri chenye viungo vya [[Kabila|kikabila]].<ref>[https://africanfilmny.org/event/juju-factory/ Juju Factory | African Film Festival, Inc.]</ref> Lakini, mwandishi ametiwa moyo na maono ya roho ngumu na zinazoteswa ambazo hukutana nazo kila mahali, usiku na mchana. Kongo inafuata nyuzi zisizoonekana zilizounganishwa na historia ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] na [[mizimu]] yake. Inawezekanaje kushikilia katika historia hii ya machafuko? Kwa kuwa na uwepo wa juju, kujiamini, na kwa upendo wa Beatrice.<ref>[https://africultures.com/juju-factory-4517/ Juju Factory | Africultures]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2007]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] klz7sj6v6if06qojtcjkrvdl4jlnw50 1611965 1611954 2026-10-29T23:45:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Juju Factory''''' ni filamu ya mwaka 2007. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://africa-archive.com/cd/juju-factory |title=JuJu Factory {{!}} African Film |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410203435/http://africa-archive.com/cd/juju-factory |archivedate=2026-04-10 |accessdate=2026-04-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Muhtasari == Kongo anaishi Brussels, katika wilaya ya Matonge amabapo anaandika kitabu. Mhariri wake anataka aina ya kitabu cha wasafiri chenye viungo vya [[Kabila|kikabila]].<ref>[https://africanfilmny.org/event/juju-factory/ Juju Factory | African Film Festival, Inc.]</ref> Lakini, mwandishi ametiwa moyo na maono ya roho ngumu na zinazoteswa ambazo hukutana nazo kila mahali, usiku na mchana. Kongo inafuata nyuzi zisizoonekana zilizounganishwa na historia ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] na [[mizimu]] yake. Inawezekanaje kushikilia katika historia hii ya machafuko? Kwa kuwa na uwepo wa juju, kujiamini, na kwa upendo wa Beatrice.<ref>[https://africultures.com/juju-factory-4517/ Juju Factory | Africultures]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Filamu za 2007]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 062c5qf5zkd2e723ieao1z2yenapyh7 0 231699 1612021 1531768 2026-10-30T09:04:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marvi Sirmed''' ni mchambuzi wa masuala ya kisiasa, mwandishi wa habari na mwanaharakati wa haki za binadamu kutoka [[Pakistani|Pakistan]]. Yeye ni mfuasi wa itikadi ya [[social democracy]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.prideofpakistan.com/who-is-who-detail/703|title=Marvi](https://www.prideofpakistan.com/who-is-who-detail/703|title=Marvi) Sirmed|website=Pride of Pakistan|access-date=16 Machi 2020}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Pakistan]] 8cfv2unvl1l22vhujzjsqzgcmtb3rd1 0 231742 1612027 1531607 2026-10-30T09:34:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612027 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mathurin Anghiley''' (3 Juni 1886 huko Libreville, [[Gabon]] – 1 Juni 1949 huko Libreville) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Gabon ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa [[seneta]] katika Seneti ya [[Ufaransa]] mwaka 1947.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=ANGHILEY Mathurin|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/anghiley_mathurin0475r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-05|accessdate=2026-05-05|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125192733/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/anghiley_mathurin0475r4.html|archivedate=2025-01-25|url-status=dead}}</ref> Binti yake alikuwa mwanaharakati wa vyama vya wafanyakazi, Simone Saint-Dénis. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1886]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1949]] [[Jamii:Mbegu za wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Gabon]] cli7pxlb118pudliy7mnul946zx9afg 0 232154 1611943 1533938 2026-10-29T19:05:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeannine Smith Clark''' (Oktoba 5, 1928 – Oktoba 4, 2018) alikuwa mwalimu na mwanaharakati kutoka [[Washington, D.C.]], nchini [[Marekani]], ambaye alihudumu katika Bodi ya Magavana ya Smithsonian Institution kuanzia mwaka 1983 hadi 1994. == Maisha na kazi == Alizaliwa kama '''Jeannine Smith''', akiwa mtoto wa pili kati ya mabinti saba wa John Archibald Smith na Lorena Jackson Smith. Akiwa Mwafrika-Marekani wa kizazi cha tano kutoka Washington, familia yake ilikuwa na mizizi ya muda mrefu katika jiji la Washington, D.C. tangu mwaka 1830. Alikulia eneo la Columbia Heights na alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya Dunbar.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2016-08-24|title=African American Groundbreakers at the Smithsonian: Jeannine Smith Clark|url=[https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/African-Americans/jeanine-smith-clark|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Smithsonian](https://siarchives.si.edu/history/featured-topics/African-Americans/jeanine-smith-clark|access-date=2021-05-19|website=Smithsonian) Institution Archives}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari|last=Latimer|first=Leah Y.|date=May 12, 1982|title='On-the-Go' Activist Is Mother of the Year|page=DC3|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1928|2018}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nt2tibmydcf0sx0xxd1cafck117gttm 0 232637 1611929 1538605 2026-10-29T16:31:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611929 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aboubacar''' '''Sylla''' ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa [[Guinea]]. Yeye ni Rais wa chama cha New Generation for the Republic, na aliwahi kugombea urais kupitia tiketi ya chama hicho mwaka 2010 na 2020. Kwa sasa, ni Waziri wa Nishati, Umeme wa Maji (Hydropower) na Mafuta (Hydrocarbons) wa Guinea.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Guinée : Mamadi Doumbouya a (enfin) un gouvernement|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1262048/politique/guinee-mamadi-doumbouya-a-enfin-un-gouvernement/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Amphithéâtre de Labé : Mory Sangaré hué par des enseignants grévistes - Guineematin.com|url=https://guineematin.com/2020/02/06/amphitheatre-de-labe-mory-sangare-hue-par-des-enseignants-grevistes/|date=2020-02-06|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR|author=admin|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260929181940/https://guineematin.com/2020/02/06/amphitheatre-de-labe-mory-sangare-hue-par-des-enseignants-grevistes/|archivedate=2026-09-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7nlu0b9tnjyn2d9ye9qy8vd7qsugv7y 0 232810 1611979 1538625 2026-10-30T05:06:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611979 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis''' '''Le''' '''Gros''' (31 Desemba 1893 huko Gorée, [[Senegal]] – 10 Septemba 1969 huko Nice, Ufaransa) alikuwa mwanasiasa kutoka Senegal aliyehudumu katika Baraza la Seneti la Ufaransa kuanzia mwaka 1952 hadi 1958.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=LE GROS Louis|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/le_gros_louis0271r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-08|accessdate=2026-05-08|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322205019/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/le_gros_louis0271r4.html|archivedate=2025-03-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1969]] ddk442rj3ge7uzp27lqv7wlumxmi7o3 0 234751 1611978 1542645 2026-10-30T05:03:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louis Ignacio-Pinto''' (21 Juni 1903, Porto-Novo – 24 Mei 1984, Dourdan) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Benin]] ambaye alihudumu katika Seneti ya France kuanzia mwaka 1947 hadi 1955. Kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi 1967 alikuwa mwakilishi wa kwanza wa kudumu wa Benin katika United Nations na pia balozi wa Benin nchini United States. Kuanzia mwaka 1967 hadi 1970 alikuwa Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama Kuu ya Dahomey. Baadaye, kutoka mwaka 1970 hadi 1979, alikuwa jaji katika International Court of Justice.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IGNACIO-PINTO Louis|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/ignacio_pinto_louis0425r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-14|accessdate=2026-05-14|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203161343/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/ignacio_pinto_louis0425r4.html|archivedate=2024-12-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1903]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1984]] ng312nkhrb6qcz1hi888i2lc3jx03ct 0 235746 1611999 1544625 2026-10-30T07:07:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamadou M’Bodje''' (19 Julai 1910 huko Diaby, Mali – 2 Septemba 1958 huko Bamako) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa Mali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=M'BODJE Mamadou|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/m_bodje_mamadou0544r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-16|accessdate=2026-05-16|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518225841/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/m_bodje_mamadou0544r4.html|archivedate=2026-05-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa seneta wa Seneti ya Ufaransa mwaka 1947, akiwa miongoni mwa wawakilishi wa Mali katika mfumo wa kisiasa wa kikoloni wa Ufaransa kabla ya uhuru. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1910]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1958]] ponjyp5q9fgti1gxnsehmoifzorbe2r 0 237286 1611993 1547653 2026-10-30T06:35:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmuda Khatun''' alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Khatun alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1979.<ref name="1979results">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |title=List of 2nd Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=20 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |archivedate=2018-09-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1945||Khatun, Mahmuda}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] f9liw052chopwn0829birsy03sq7qdg 0 237321 1611976 1547878 2026-10-30T04:58:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Loubo Augustin Djessou ('''amezaliwa 1917 huko Soubré, Côte d’Ivoire – alifariki 29 Novemba 1986) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Côte d’Ivoire. Aliwahi kuhudumu katika Seneti ya Ufaransa kuanzia mwaka 1955 hadi 1958.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=DJESSOU Loubo Augustin|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/djessou_loubo_augustin0070r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-21|accessdate=2026-05-21|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126081214/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/djessou_loubo_augustin0070r4.html|archivedate=2025-01-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1917]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Cote d'Ivoire]] lxr5ozshtqpn165rietdffam28e5yvh 0 239740 1611932 1555457 2026-10-29T17:41:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Issoufou Saidou-Djermakoye''' (10 Julai 1920 – 30 Juni 2000) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SAIDOU DJERMAKOYE Issoufou|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/saidou_djermakoye_issoufou0292r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-28|accessdate=2026-05-28|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260528150021/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/saidou_djermakoye_issoufou0292r4.html|archivedate=2026-05-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Dosso na baadaye akachaguliwa kuwa Seneta katika French Senate mwaka 1958. Baadaye alihudumu katika United Nations kama Naibu Katibu Mkuu (Under-Secretary-General) akisimamia Idara ya Masuala ya Kisiasa, Udhamini na Ukoloni. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Niger]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2000]] 8m4f3wwsn50461sygduccgcywyhambb 0 240608 1612059 1600628 2026-10-30T10:42:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Avlopp - Ystad-2018.jpg|thumb|Ujenzi wa mfumo wa majitaka]] '''Mfumo wa majitaka''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''sewerage system'') ni mtandao wa miundombinu ya chini ya [[ardhi]] inayojumuisha mabomba, [[pampu]], na viunganishio vilivyoundwa mahususi kwa ajili ya kukusanya na kusafirisha majitaka kutoka kwenye makazi ya watu, majengo ya biashara, na viwanda hadi kwenye mitambo ya kusafishia majitaka. Mfumo huu ni sehemu muhimu sana ya [[miundombinu ya maji|miundombinu ya usafi wa mazingira]] mijini, ukiwa na jukumu la kuzuia milipuko ya [[magonjwa]] yanayoenezwa na maji na kulinda vyanzo vya asili vya [[maji]] dhidi ya [[uchafuzi wa maji|uchafuzi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Encyclopedia Britannica {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com:443/|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en}}</ref> == Mifumo ya majitaka == Mifumo ya majitaka imegawanyika katika makundi makuu mawili kulingana na muundo wa uendeshaji wake: * Mfumo wa majitaka uliotengana (''sanitary sewer system''): hubeba majitaka ya majumbani na viwandani pekee (kama vile maji ya vyooni, bafuni, na jikoni) ili yapelekwe moja kwa moja mtamboni kufanyiwa matibabu ya kikemikali na kibayolojia. * Mfumo mchanganyiko (''combined sewer system''): hubeba majitaka ya majumbani pamoja na maji ya dhoruba yanayotokana na [[mvua]] kubwa kwenye mifereji ya barabarani. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|url=https://www.epa.gov/home|work=www.epa.gov|date=2013-03-20|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en|author=OA US EPA|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806015453/https://www.epa.gov/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uendeshaji na changamoto == Maji yanayopita kwenye mfumo wa majitaka husukumwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na nguvu ya mvutano wa dunia (gravity flow) kupitia mabomba yaliyolazwa kwa mteremko maalum. Katika maeneo ya tambarare au yaliyoinuka ambapo nguvu ya mvutano haitoshi, pampu maalum (lift stations) hutumiwa kusukuma maji hayo kwenda maeneo ya juu ili yaendelee na safari. Ili kuruhusu ukaguzi, usafishaji, na uondoaji wa vizuizi vinavyoweza kutokea ndani ya mabomba, mfumo huu unajumuisha matundu ya ukaguzi juu ya ardhi yanayojulikana kama vyumba vya ukaguzi au mianzi ya majitaka (manholes). Changamoto kubwa za mifumo hii, hasa katika miji inayokua kwa kasi barani [[Afrika]], ni pamoja na uchakavu wa mabomba unaosababisha kuvuja kwa majitaka chini ya ardhi, uingiaji wa maji ya mvua yasiyohitajika (infiltration), na kuziba kwa mabomba kutokana na utupaji wa mafuta na taka ngumu zisizooza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNEP - UN Environment Programme|url=https://www.unep.org/node|work=www.unep.org|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en|author=U. N. Environment}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Miundombinu ya maji]] * [[Mtambo wa kusafisha maji]] * [[Usafishaji wa maji]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-teknolojia}} [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:afya]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] g2py7h95vwecmjz14o011se50hx1faq 0 240609 1612061 1600654 2026-10-30T11:44:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rain Garden (14418205110).jpg|thumb|Mfano wa miundombinu ya kijani, ikiwa ni ujenzi wa bustani za maua katika moja ya mtaa nchini [[Marekani]].]] '''Miundombinu ya kijani''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''green infrastructure'') ni mtandao uliopangwa kimkakati wa maeneo ya asili na nusu-asili, pamoja na vipengele vingine vya mazingira, ulioundwa na kusimamiwa ili kutoa huduma mbalimbali za kiekolojia na kulinda [[bioanuwai]] katika maeneo ya vijijini na mijini. Tofauti na miundombinu ya kijivu (gray infrastructure) ambayo inajumuisha miundo ya zege na chuma kama vile mabomba na kuta za [[saruji]], miundombinu ya kijani inatumia mifumo ya [[ekolojia]] ya asili ili kutatua changamoto za kibinadamu na kimazingira. Inasaidia sana katika usimamizi wa maji ya dhoruba na kupunguza athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Encyclopedia Britannica {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com:443/|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en}}</ref> Katika muktadha wa [[uhandisi wa maji]] na mipango ya miji, miundombinu hii inajumuisha mifumo mbalimbali inayoruhusu maji ya mvua kunyonywa ardhini badala ya kutiririka juu ya nyuso ngumu za ardhi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency|url=https://www.epa.gov/home|work=www.epa.gov|date=2013-03-20|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en|author=OA US EPA|archive-date=2021-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806015453/https://www.epa.gov/home|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Faida za kijamii na mazingira == Mbali na kudhibiti [[mafuriko]] na kuboresha ubora wa maji, miundombinu ya kijani inatoa faida nyingi za kiuchumi na kijamii kwa wakazi wa mijini. Inasaidia kupunguza joto kali mijini linalosababishwa na wingi wa zege na lami (urban heat island effect), inasafisha hewa kwa kunyonya kaboni, na inatengeneza maeneo ya burudani na mapumziko kwa jamii. Katika nyanja ya uendelevu, hasa kwa miji inayokua kwa kasi barani [[Afrika]], mifumo hii inachukuliwa kuwa suluhisho la gharama nafuu kwa muda mrefu. Inapunguza mzigo mkubwa unaoenda kwenye [[mfumo wa majitaka]] na [[mtambo wa kusafisha maji|mitambo ya kusafisha maji]] ya viwanda, huku ikisaidia kurutubisha maji ya chini ya ardhi (aquifer recharge) kupitia mchakato wa asili wa upenyezaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=UNEP - UN Environment Programme|url=https://www.unep.org/node|work=www.unep.org|accessdate=2026-06-10|language=en|author=U. N. Environment}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Miundombinu ya maji]] * [[Mfumo wa majitaka]] * [[Ikolojia ya maji]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Mazingira]] [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] oj4mryu1os023e75yktbv4orm0v6pd1 0 241049 1612004 1574468 2026-10-30T07:42:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto|jina=Maporomoko ya Ruacana|picha=Ruacana Falls at High Water from distance in 03-2011 by Tom Jakobi.JPG}} '''Maporomoko ya Ruacana''' ni [[maporomoko ya maji]] yaliyopo Ruacana, [[Mkoa wa Omusati]], kaskazini mwa [[Namibia]], kwenye [[Kunene (mto)|mto Kunene]]. Maporomoko haya yana urefu wa mita 120 na upana wa mita 700 wakati wa mafuriko makubwa. Ni miongoni mwa maporomoko makubwa zaidi barani [[Afrika]] kwa kiasi cha maji na upana wake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Stairs at Ruacana waterfalls in state of disrepair|url=https://neweralive.na/stairs-at-ruacana-waterfalls-in-state-of-disrepair/|work=New Era|date=2019-01-30|accessdate=2026-06-17|language=en-US|author=Staff Reporter}}</ref> == Maelezo == Maporomoko ya Ruacana yanaundwa na Mto Kunene wenye urefu wa [[kilomita]] 1,050, ambao huunda sehemu ya mpaka kati ya Namibia na [[Angola]]. Katika eneo la Ruacana, mto huo huanguka ndani ya korongo lenye kina cha mita 120 na upana wa mita 700, na hivyo kuunda maporomoko haya makubwa na ya kuvutia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ruacana Falls - Water falls and hydro-electric power plant|url=https://www.info-namibia.com/activities-and-places-of-interest/kaokoveld/ruacana-falls|work=www.info-namibia.com|accessdate=2026-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216131703/https://www.info-namibia.com/activities-and-places-of-interest/kaokoveld/ruacana-falls|archivedate=2024-02-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] [[Jamii:Maporomoko ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Namibia]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Angola]] kaxp1532hiceae50bsc0rbz9ajqqz1a 0 243822 1611904 1611809 2026-10-29T12:58:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611904 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Dorian Aldegheri.jpg|thumb|Dorian Aldegheri]] '''Dorian Aldegheri''' (alizaliwa [[4 Agosti]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Anacheza katika nafasi ya prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele) kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Toulouse]], inayoshiriki katika mashindano ya Top 14, na pia anaiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya Ufaransa. == Maisha ya kitaaluma == Dorian Aldegheri alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza rasmi kwa timu ya taifa ya Ufaransa alipoingia uwanjani kama [[mchezaji]] wa akiba katika mechi ambayo Ufaransa ilifungwa na [[England]] kwenye Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya mwaka [[2019]]. <ref>https://www.ladepeche.fr/article/2015/06/03/2117179-dorian-aldegheri-l-incroyable-fin-de-saison.html</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=DA764197 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250708000913/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=DA764197 |archivedate=2025-07-08 |accessdate=2026-08-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4pwxkze3ejteyinx2ivr0aekgbu23fg 0 243995 1611912 1611888 2026-10-29T13:19:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franck Comba''' (alizaliwa [[16 Machi]] [[1971]] huko Hyères, Ufaransa) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya centre (kiungo wa kati). Comba alianza kucheza katika [[klabu]] ya RC [[Toulon]]. Baadaye alihamia Stade Français pamoja na Christophe Dominici, ambapo alicheza kuanzia msimu wa [[1997]] / 98 hadi [[2002]] / 03. Akiwa na Stade Français, alishinda: * Top 14 (Ligi Kuu ya Raga ya Ufaransa): [[1997]] / 98, [[1999]] / [[2000]] na [[2002]] / 03. * Coupe de France (Kombe la Ufaransa): 1999. Kwa upande wa [[timu ya taifa]], Comba aliichezea Ufaransa katika mechi 13 rasmi za kimataifa kuanzia 1998 hadi 2001. Alifunga try mbili, na kukusanya jumla ya pointi 10. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa tarehe 13 Juni 1998, katika ushindi wa 35–18 dhidi ya [[Argentina]] huko Buenos Aires, wakati wa ziara ya Ufaransa. Mchezo wake wa mwisho kwa timu ya taifa ulikuwa tarehe 17 Februari 2001, ambapo Ufaransa ilifungwa 22–15 na [[Ireland]] katika Mashindano ya Mataifa Sita ya Raga mjini [[Dublin]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=FC379578 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250527205426/https://historical-stats.epcrugby.com/player/?PlayGuid=FC379578 |archivedate=2025-05-27 |accessdate=2026-08-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20240916070339/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/12899.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ruzhz1x7nfrz20e4mj4esyqecbg7oy3 0 244006 1611938 1585593 2026-10-29T18:45:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611938 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jason Leonard 2018 cropped.jpg|thumb|Jason Leonard 2018]] '''Jason Leonard OBE''' (alizaliwa [[14 Agosti]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alikuwa na [[rekodi]] ya wakati huo ya michezo 114 rasmi ya kimataifa akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya [[wanaume]] ya England, katika kipindi cha miaka 14 cha uchezaji wa kimataifa. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele). Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], alicheza raga kwa: * Barking RFC * Saracens * Harlequins Leonard alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya England zilizoshinda: * 🏆 Grand Slam ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano mara nne: ** [[1991]] ** [[1992]] ** [[1995]] ** [[2003]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jasonleonard114.com/funbus/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260808085832/https://jasonleonard114.com/funbus/ |archivedate=2026-08-08 |accessdate=2026-08-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241203004254/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/10878.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} mok17m76j136d5b44y9xqspo3cfeoaa 1611960 1611938 2026-10-29T23:36:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jason Leonard 2018 cropped.jpg|thumb|Jason Leonard 2018]] '''Jason Leonard OBE''' (alizaliwa [[14 Agosti]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[raga]] ya muungano kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alikuwa na [[rekodi]] ya wakati huo ya michezo 114 rasmi ya kimataifa akiwa na [[timu ya taifa]] ya raga ya [[wanaume]] ya England, katika kipindi cha miaka 14 cha uchezaji wa kimataifa. Nafasi yake uwanjani ilikuwa prop (mchezaji wa safu ya mbele). Katika ngazi ya [[klabu]], alicheza raga kwa: * Barking RFC * Saracens * Harlequins Leonard alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya England zilizoshinda: * 🏆 Grand Slam ya Mashindano ya Mataifa Matano mara nne: ** [[1991]] ** [[1992]] ** [[1995]] ** [[2003]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://jasonleonard114.com/funbus/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260808085832/https://jasonleonard114.com/funbus/ |archivedate=2026-08-08 |accessdate=2026-08-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241203004254/http://www.espnscrum.com/timeline/rugby/player/10878.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 4gx4sjxk86dxz2zsozmj62vyzabb3k2 0 244237 1611975 1586022 2026-10-30T04:40:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lisa Michelle Cornelius''' ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa jukumu lake katika mfululizo wa wavuti 'Band Ladies', ambapo alipata uteuzi wa Canadian Screen Award katika kipengele cha Utendaji Bora wa Kiongozi katika Programu au Mfululizo wa Kidijitali katika 9th Canadian Screen Awards mwaka 2021.<ref>Brent Furdyk, [https://web.archive.org/web/20210330100408/https://etcanada.com/news/762146/television-nominees-announced-for-2021-canadian-screen-awards-schitts-creek-leads-the-pack-with-21-nominations/ "Television Nominees Announced For 2021 Canadian Screen Awards, ‘Schitt's Creek’ Leads The Pack With 21 Nominations"]. ''[[ET Canada]]'', March 30, 2021.</ref><ref>Victoria Ahearn, [https://www.chroniclejournal.com/entertainment/entertainment_news/canadian-tv-has-a-lot-of-work-to-do-on-diversity-say-actra-co-chairs/article_8e15c91b-4ed5-55e0-ae71-dc5febf08c73.html "Canadian TV has 'a lot of work to do' on diversity, say ACTRA co-chairs"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.chroniclejournal.com/entertainment/entertainment_news/canadian-tv-has-a-lot-of-work-to-do-on-diversity-say-actra-co-chairs/article_8e15c91b-4ed5-55e0-ae71-dc5febf08c73.html |date=20260808215253 }}. ''[[Thunder Bay Chronicle-Journal]]'', June 9, 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 1vdienohpskejl2u57fl2s7qmlzytnc 0 249619 1611951 1596817 2026-10-29T21:16:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Joaquín Mora Porras''' ([[21 Februari]] [[1818]] – [[17 Desemba]] [[1860]]) alikuwa afisa wa jeshi na mwanasiasa wa [[Costa Rica]]. Porras alikuwa kaka mdogo wa marais wa nchi hiyo, Juan Rafael Mora Porras na Miguel Mora Porras, pia alikuwa naibu kamanda wa majeshi huko San Jose, Costa Rica.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fundación |first=Enrique Bolaños |title=JOSÉ JOAQUÍN MORA PORRAS 1818- 1860 |url=https://guerranacional.enriquebolanos.org/personajes_biografias_pdf/Biograf%C3%ADa%20de%20Mora,%20Jos%C3%A9%20Joaqu%C3%ADn.pdf |website=enriquebolanos.org}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Costa Rica commemorates the battle against the U.S. invaders 032024 |url=https://amcostarica.com/Costa%20Rica%20commemorates%20the%20battle%20against%20the%20U.S.%20invaders%20032024.html |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=amcostarica.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424111754/https://amcostarica.com/Costa%20Rica%20commemorates%20the%20battle%20against%20the%20U.S.%20invaders%20032024.html |archivedate=2024-04-24 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1818]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kosta Rika]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1860]] 2gy085jho1mzi6sgugjcs4yu1yh3jhu 0 250000 1611922 1611875 2026-10-29T14:37:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1611922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kim Traveller.jpg|alt=Kim Traveller During a Interview in Clouds Fm|border|thumb|Kim Traveller huko Clouds Fm]] '''Levis Pius Kavishe''' (anajulikana zaidi mtandaoni kwa jina la '''Kim Traveller'''; amezaliwa 5 Februari 2001) ni raia wa [[Tanzania]] alijyeizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na zenye ucheshi ndani yake ambazo zinasambaa zaidi na kupata watazamaji wengi mbalimbali ndani na nje ya nchi ya Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> '''Jedwali la Wasifu Wa Kim Traveller''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="undefined" |Kipengele ! colspan="undefined" |Maelezo |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Levis Pius Kavishe |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Sanaa''' | colspan="undefined" |Kim Traveller |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Tarehe ya Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |5 Februari 2001 |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Uraia''' | colspan="undefined" |Mtanzania |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Kazi''' | colspan="undefined" |Mwandishi na Mtengenezaji wa maudhui ya video (Content Creator) |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Aina ya Maudhui''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi za ubunifu, ucheshi, maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Umaarufu''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi zenye ucheshi zinazosambaa sana ndani na nje ya Tanzania |} Anafahamika zaidi kwa kutengeneza maudhui ya mitindo ya maisha (lifestyle) na mahusiano, hasa kupitia mitandao ya [[TikTok]] na [[Instagram]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasifu wa mtengeneza maudhui ya kimahusiano Kim Traveller|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/wasifu-wa-mtengeneza-maudhui-ya.html|work=Wasifu wa mtengeneza maudhui ya kimahusiano Kim Traveller|accessdate=2026-09-27}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Levis Pius Kavishe alizaliwa na kukulia nchini Tanzania. Alipata elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari nchini humo kabla ya kujiunga na masomo ya juu ambapo alihitimu masomo yake na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Biashara (Bachelor's Degree in Business).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A Digital Creator called Kim Traveller he Graduated a Bachelor Degree In Business Administration at College Of Business Education ( CBE ) As we know Kim Traveller Is one of the Best Digital… {{!}} Kim Traveller|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kim-traveller-a40000256_a-digital-creator-called-kim-traveller-he-activity-7451048135797350400-UNd7|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=2026-09-18|language=en}}</ref> Elimu hiyo imekuwa nguzo kubwa katika kumsaidia kuelewa masuala ya masoko ya kidijitali na ujenzi wa chapa (branding) mtandaoni. == Kazi na Umaarufu == Kim Traveller alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi, akishirikiana kwa karibu na mbunifu mwenzake wa maudhui, Salma Vybz.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> Uhusiano wao wa kikazi na kimaisha umekuwa kivutio kikubwa kwa maelfu ya wafuasi (followers) katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> Kutokana na ushawishi wake, Kim Traveller amefanya mahojiano mbalimbali na vyombo vikubwa vya habari nchini Tanzania, ikiwemo redio maarufu ya [[Clouds FM]] (katika kipindi cha Ala za Roho),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DdSGnw_sZum/?stkn=MWhlMnh1NTA0cHI5ZA==|work=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2026-09-18}}</ref> pamoja na kuandikwa kwenye blogu mbalimbali za burudani nchini kama vile Ray Mastory. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:wanaume wa Tanzania]] 5uj53w1jig68f0d4vrpfxfk8a65x5iu 1611957 1611922 2026-10-29T23:29:44Z Ray mastory 92442 /* */ 1611957 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kim Traveller.jpg|alt=Kim Traveller During a Interview in Clouds Fm|border|thumb|Kim Traveller huko Clouds Fm]] '''Levis Pius Kavishe''' (anajulikana zaidi mtandaoni kwa jina la '''Kim Traveller'''; amezaliwa 5 Februari 2001) ni raia wa [[Tanzania]] alijyeizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na zenye ucheshi ndani yake ambazo zinasambaa zaidi na kupata watazamaji wengi mbalimbali ndani na nje ya nchi ya Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> '''Jedwali la Wasifu Wa Kim Traveller''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="undefined" |Kipengele ! colspan="undefined" |Maelezo |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Levis Pius Kavishe |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Sanaa''' | colspan="undefined" |Kim Traveller |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Tarehe ya Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |5 Februari 2001 |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Uraia''' | colspan="undefined" |Mtanzania |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Kazi''' | colspan="undefined" |Mwandishi na Mtengenezaji wa maudhui ya video (Content Creator) |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Aina ya Maudhui''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi za ubunifu, ucheshi, maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Umaarufu''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi zenye ucheshi zinazosambaa sana ndani na nje ya Tanzania |} Anafahamika zaidi kwa kutengeneza maudhui ya mitindo ya maisha (lifestyle) na mahusiano, hasa kupitia mitandao ya [[TikTok]] na [[Instagram]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Tanzanian Creator Winning Hearts Across East Africa|url=https://sports.thestar.ke/news/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=SportZone|date=2026-10-28|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en|author=DENNIS MILIMO October 28, 2026 8 Min Read}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Levis Pius Kavishe alizaliwa na kukulia nchini Tanzania. Alipata elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari nchini humo kabla ya kujiunga na masomo ya juu ambapo alihitimu masomo yake na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Biashara (Bachelor's Degree in Business).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A Digital Creator called Kim Traveller he Graduated a Bachelor Degree In Business Administration at College Of Business Education ( CBE ) As we know Kim Traveller Is one of the Best Digital… {{!}} Kim Traveller|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kim-traveller-a40000256_a-digital-creator-called-kim-traveller-he-activity-7451048135797350400-UNd7|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=2026-09-18|language=en}}</ref> Elimu hiyo imekuwa nguzo kubwa katika kumsaidia kuelewa masuala ya masoko ya kidijitali na ujenzi wa chapa (branding) mtandaoni. == Kazi na Umaarufu == Kim Traveller alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi, akishirikiana kwa karibu na mbunifu mwenzake wa maudhui, Salma Vybz.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> Uhusiano wao wa kikazi na kimaisha umekuwa kivutio kikubwa kwa maelfu ya wafuasi (followers) katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> Kutokana na ushawishi wake, Kim Traveller amefanya mahojiano mbalimbali na vyombo vikubwa vya habari nchini Tanzania, ikiwemo redio maarufu ya [[Clouds FM]] (katika kipindi cha Ala za Roho),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DdSGnw_sZum/?stkn=MWhlMnh1NTA0cHI5ZA==|work=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2026-09-18}}</ref> pamoja na kuandikwa kwenye blogu mbalimbali za burudani nchini kama vile Ray Mastory. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:wanaume wa Tanzania]] pqf8lscyryn3giorn1h9zat77s0losw 1611966 1611957 2026-10-30T00:05:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611966 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kim Traveller.jpg|alt=Kim Traveller During a Interview in Clouds Fm|border|thumb|Kim Traveller huko Clouds Fm]] '''Levis Pius Kavishe''' (anajulikana zaidi mtandaoni kwa jina la '''Kim Traveller'''; amezaliwa 5 Februari 2001) ni raia wa [[Tanzania]] alijyeizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na zenye ucheshi ndani yake ambazo zinasambaa zaidi na kupata watazamaji wengi mbalimbali ndani na nje ya nchi ya Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> '''Jedwali la Wasifu Wa Kim Traveller''' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="undefined" |Kipengele ! colspan="undefined" |Maelezo |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Levis Pius Kavishe |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Sanaa''' | colspan="undefined" |Kim Traveller |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Tarehe ya Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |5 Februari 2001 |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Uraia''' | colspan="undefined" |Mtanzania |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Kazi''' | colspan="undefined" |Mwandishi na Mtengenezaji wa maudhui ya video (Content Creator) |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Aina ya Maudhui''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi za ubunifu, ucheshi, maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Umaarufu''' | colspan="undefined" |Video fupi zenye ucheshi zinazosambaa sana ndani na nje ya Tanzania |} Anafahamika zaidi kwa kutengeneza maudhui ya mitindo ya maisha (lifestyle) na mahusiano, hasa kupitia mitandao ya [[TikTok]] na [[Instagram]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzanian Creator Winning Hearts Across East Africa|url=https://sports.thestar.ke/news/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=SportZone|date=2026-10-28|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en|author=DENNIS MILIMO October 28, 2026 8 Min Read}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Levis Pius Kavishe alizaliwa na kukulia nchini Tanzania. Alipata elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari nchini humo kabla ya kujiunga na masomo ya juu ambapo alihitimu masomo yake na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Biashara (Bachelor's Degree in Business).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=A Digital Creator called Kim Traveller he Graduated a Bachelor Degree In Business Administration at College Of Business Education ( CBE ) As we know Kim Traveller Is one of the Best Digital… {{!}} Kim Traveller|url=https://www.linkedin.com/posts/kim-traveller-a40000256_a-digital-creator-called-kim-traveller-he-activity-7451048135797350400-UNd7|work=LinkedIn|accessdate=2026-09-18|language=en}}</ref> Elimu hiyo imekuwa nguzo kubwa katika kumsaidia kuelewa masuala ya masoko ya kidijitali na ujenzi wa chapa (branding) mtandaoni. == Kazi na Umaarufu == Kim Traveller alijizolea umaarufu mkubwa mtandaoni kupitia uandishi na utengenezaji wa video fupi za ubunifu zinazohusu maisha ya kijamii na uhusiano wa kimapenzi, akishirikiana kwa karibu na mbunifu mwenzake wa maudhui, Salma Vybz.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kim Traveller and Salma Vybz turned love and laughter into a digital brand|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-kim-traveller-and-salma-vybz-turned-love-and-laughter-into-a-digital-brand-5622858|work=The Citizen|date=2026-10-07|accessdate=2026-10-07|language=en}}</ref> Uhusiano wao wa kikazi na kimaisha umekuwa kivutio kikubwa kwa maelfu ya wafuasi (followers) katika ukanda wa Afrika Mashariki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Tanzania’s Kim Traveller Is Winning Hearts Across East Africa With Relatable Skits|url=https://www.mpasho.co.ke/entertainment/2026-10-28-kim-traveller-how-tanzanias-levis-pius-kavishe-is-winning-hearts-across-east-africa-with-relatable-skits|work=www.mpasho.co.ke|accessdate=2026-10-29|language=en}}</ref> Kutokana na ushawishi wake, Kim Traveller amefanya mahojiano mbalimbali na vyombo vikubwa vya habari nchini Tanzania, ikiwemo redio maarufu ya [[Clouds FM]] (katika kipindi cha Ala za Roho),<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/reel/DdSGnw_sZum/?stkn=MWhlMnh1NTA0cHI5ZA==|work=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2026-09-18}}</ref> pamoja na kuandikwa kwenye blogu mbalimbali za burudani nchini kama vile Ray Mastory. == Marejeo == <references /> {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|2001|}} [[Jamii:wanaume wa Tanzania]] lw5xu1pbb9lwgbtmh7pe114d5rm8yu3 0 250141 1611937 1602284 2026-10-29T18:41:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jarosław Fojut''' (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[1986]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Polandi]]. Alichezea ŁKS Łódź, [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], Śląsk Wrocław, [[St Johnstone F.C.|St Johnstone]], Dundee United, na timu ya taifa ya Polandi chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/46075/jaroslaw-fojut |title=Jarosław Fojut: Overview |publisher=ESPN |access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jarosław Fojut alizaliwa tarehe 21 Oktoba 1986 huko [[Łódź]], Polandi. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya ŁKS Łódź.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.co.uk/jaroslaw-fojut/profil/spieler/46075 |title=Jarosław Fojut - Player profile |publisher=Transfermarkt |access-date=20 August 2025}}</ref> == Kazi ya Klabu == === ŁKS Łódź (2004–2006) === Fojut alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa ŁKS Łódź mwaka [[2004]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.90minut.pl/kariera.php?id=46075 |title=Jarosław Fojut |publisher=90minut |access-date=20 August 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260211231231/http://www.90minut.pl/kariera.php?id=46075 |archivedate=2026-02-11 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === Bolton Wanderers (2006–2009) === Mwaka [[2006]], Fojut alihamia Bolton Wanderers F.C. [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bwfc.co.uk/teams/first-team/defender/jaroslaw-fojut |title=Jarosław Fojut |publisher=Bolton Wanderers |access-date=20 August 2025}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> === Śląsk Wrocław (2009–2013) === Fojut alichezea Śląsk Wrocław, ambako alishinda Ekstraklasa mwaka [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ekstraklasa.org/kluby/slask-wroclaw/statystyki |title=Śląsk Wrocław - Statystyki |publisher=Ekstraklasa |access-date=20 August 2025 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260920134037/https://ekstraklasa.org/kluby/slask-wroclaw/statystyki/ |archivedate=2026-09-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> === St Johnstone na Dundee United (2013–2017) === Fojut alichezea St Johnstone F.C. na Dundee United [[Uskoti]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.perthstjohnstonefc.co.uk/player/jaroslaw-fojut |title=Jarosław Fojut |publisher=St Johnstone FC |access-date=20 August 2025}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Fojut alichezea timu ya taifa ya Polandi chini ya umri wa miaka 21.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pzpn.pl/reprezentacje/reprezentacja-a/zawodnicy/jaroslaw-fojut |title=Jarosław Fojut |publisher=PZPN |access-date=20 August 2025}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Polandi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Polandi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 617jab1wk10ks8t32jcwxrsy5pcoifr 0 253045 1611913 1605189 2026-10-29T13:29:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Guillermo Cochez.jpg|thumb|'''Deputy of the''' National Assembly of Panama]] '''Guillermo Alberto Cochez Farrugia''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mwanasheria]] kutoka [[Panama]] ambaye aliwahi kuwa [[mwakilishi]] wa Panama katika [[Shirika]] la Nchi za [[Amerika]] (OAS) kuanzia mwaka [[2009]] hadi [[2013]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=N+ Univision {{!}} Noticias en Vivo, Última Hora y Cobertura Minuto a Minuto en Español {{!}} Univision|url=https://www.univision.com/noticias|work=www.univision.com|accessdate=2026-10-05|language=es}}</ref>. == Elimu == Cochez alisoma shule ya msingi na sekondari zilizoendeshwa na [[Masista]] wa [[Kikristo]] wa La Salle. Kwa masomo yake ya chuo kikuu, alisoma University of Panama, ambako alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya [[sheria]]. Baadaye alisoma katika Tulane University, ambako alipata shahada ya uzamili ya Sheria ya Kiraia (Master of Civil Law)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://johncnelson.com/GuillermoCochezCom/Mainpage/Htm_Mainpage.htm?JcncMainpage|work=johncnelson.com|accessdate=2026-10-05|title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20261009131127/http://johncnelson.com/GuillermoCochezCom/Mainpage/Htm_Mainpage.htm%3FJcncMainpage|archivedate=2026-10-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Panama]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Panama]] 4cz9ic5ry4x09d7w8ric4sf06plfnhe 0 254761 1611961 1608597 2026-10-29T23:36:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaung Htet Soe''' (Kiburma: ေကာင္းထက္စိုး; alizaliwa 1 Septemba 1997) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya Kamphaengphet. Alizaliwa katika mji wa Amarapura, Mandalay. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa nyota wanaochipukia wa Yangon United.<ref>[https://www.sofascore.com/player/kaung-htet-soe/974763 profile] at sofascore.com</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Kaung Htet Soe alianza kucheza katika [[timu]] ya vijana ya Yangon United mwaka 2015. Katika kipindi cha mwaka 2016 na 2017, alionyesha kipaji chake na kufanya mazoezi pamoja na timu ya wakubwa ya Yangon United. Katika msimu wa Ligi Kuu ya Myanmar kwa wachezaji chini ya umri wa miaka 21 wa mwaka 2018, aliteuliwa kuwa [[nahodha]] wa Yangon United na kuendelea kuonyesha uwezo wake. Kabla ya kuanza kwa msimu wa Ligi Kuu ya Myanmar wa mwaka 2019, kocha wa Yangon United, Myo Min Tun, alimchagua na kumsajili katika timu ya wakubwa ya klabu hiyo.<ref>[http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/14585 international goal] {{Wayback|url=http://stats.the-afc.com/match_report/14585 |date=20241226154138 }} at afc.com</ref> Alifunga bao lake la kwanza katika mashindano ya kimataifa dhidi ya Ceres–Negros. Bao lake la kwanza katika Ligi Kuu ya Myanmar alilifunga dhidi ya Yadanarbon FC. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 4kle2roywpme5brmy44y9i4j12v0gbb 0 254877 1612060 1608792 2026-10-30T11:30:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Min Min Thu''' (Kiburma: မင်းမင်းသူ; alizaliwa tarehe 30 Machi 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Myanmar, anayecheza nafasi ya kiungo katika klabu ya Ayeyawady United, inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Myanmar, na ameiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya Myanmar.<ref>[http://myanmar.footballchannelasia.com/2016/03/08/ayeyarwaddy-afc/ "လာအိုတိုယိုတာနှင့်ပွဲမှာ AFC Cup အုပ်စုမှတက်ရန် အရေးပါဟု ဧရာဝတီနည်းပြချုပ်ဆို".] {{Wayback|url=http://myanmar.footballchannelasia.com/2016/03/08/ayeyarwaddy-afc/ |date=20230322024938 }} Footballchannel Myanmar. 8 March 2016.</ref> Alishinda medali ya [[shaba]] akiwa na timu ya taifa ya Myanmar chini ya umri wa miaka 23 katika Michezo ya Kusini-Mashariki mwa Asia ya mwaka 2011. Mnamo Machi 2016, Kamati ya Nidhamu ilimfungia Min Min Thu na mchezaji Keith kwa mechi mbili na kuwatoza kila mmoja [[faini]] ya kyat 200,000. Adhabu hiyo ilitolewa baada ya wachezaji hao kuonyeshwa kadi nyekundu katika mechi kati ya Ayeyawady United na Yadanarbon FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Myanmar.<ref>[https://www.mizzimaburmese.com/article/14604 "ကိဘ်နှင့် မင်းမင်းသူတို့ကို နှစ်ပွဲပယ်နှင့် ဒဏ်ငွေနှစ်သိန်း ချမှတ်".] Mizzima Myanmar News and Insight (in Burmese). 27 May 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] j56dtq5sh0r40ibgafmfw56yyepxlah 0 254923 1611936 1608855 2026-10-29T18:12:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacques Perrin''' (matamshi ya Kifaransa: jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa Jacques André Simonet, matamshi: [[13 Julai]] [[1941]] – [[21 Aprili]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mtayarishaji wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. Wakati mwingine alitajwa katika filamu kwa jina la Jacques Simonet. == Maisha ya awali == Jacques André Simonet alizaliwa katika Barabara ya Boulevard Port-Royal, jijini [[Paris]], tarehe 13 Julai 1941. Baba yake, Alexandre Simonet, aliyezaliwa mwaka 1899, alikuwa meneja wa taasisi ya maigizo ya Comédie-Française. Mama yake alikuwa mwigizaji Marie Perrin (1902–1983). Jacques alichukua jina la ukoo la mama yake kama jina lake la kisanii alipoanza kufanya kazi ya uigizaji. Pia alikuwa mpwa wa mwigizaji Antoine Balpêtré, ambaye alikuwa pia baba wa ubatizo wa dada yake.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0674742/</ref><ref>https://gw.geneanet.org/wikifrat?lang=en&n=simonet&p=jacques {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Ufaransa]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} tri3u0woyj3bj3xeejcaqfjko8gmy0x 0 255356 1611928 1609860 2026-10-29T16:08:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611928 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Htay Oo''' (Kiburma: ဌေးဦး) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar na mbunge wa Baraza la Mataifa (Amyotha Hluttaw) anayewakilisha Mkoa wa Yangon.<ref>[https://www.mlis.gov.mm/mLsView.do;jsessionid=8BB807DCDECE6F8D7B30ACF12D79AC08?lawordSn=11453 "၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ်၊ ဧပြီလမှ စက်တင်ဘာလအထိ (၆)လ အမျိုးသားစီမံကိန်းဥပဒေကြမ်းနှင့် ၂၀၁၈ ခုနှစ်၊ ပြည်ထောင်စု၏ဘဏ္ဍာငွေအရအသုံးဆိုင်ရာဥပဒေကြမ်းများ၌ ပါဝင်သည့် စီမံကိန်းလုပ်ငန်းများနှင့် ရငွေသုံးငွေများ စိစစ်ရေးပူးပေါင်းအဖွဲ့ များဖွဲ့စည်းခြင်"] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (in Burmese).</ref><ref>[https://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/my/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%8C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8 "MP Profile"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/my/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%8C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8 |date=20211204045302 }} (in Burmese).</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Htay Oo alizaliwa tarehe 21 Juni 1956 katika mji wa Yangon, Myanmar. Alisoma katika [[Chuo]] Kikuu cha Yangon kuanzia mwaka 1975 hadi 1979, ambako alipata shahada ya Sayansi (B.Sc.). Pia alipata [[stashahada]] ya Sheria ya Uchumi mwaka 2000 na stashahada ya Sheria ya Kimataifa mwaka 2006 katika chuo hicho. Aliwahi kufanya kazi kama mwalimu msaidizi katika Shamba la Ushirika la Htaw Ku, akafanya kazi katika Idara ya Utafiti wa Tiba ya Yangon, na pia alikuwa mwanasheria. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Htay Oo ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015 na ule wa mwaka 2020, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Baraza la Mataifa akiwakilisha Mkoa wa Yangon. == Maisha binafsi == Htay Oo alifunga ndoa na Khin Myint. Wana binti mmoja anayeitwa Khin Arkar. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 173y9xm9rfyxq4jxvistyb4qggnasid 0 255513 1611970 1610160 2026-10-30T03:24:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611970 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kyaw Zeya''' (Kiburma: ကျော်ဇေယျ; pia huandikwa Kyaw Zayya; alizaliwa tarehe 25 Januari 1956) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Myanmar na luteni kanali mstaafu wa jeshi la Myanmar. Aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Mkoa wa Yangon, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 2 la Mji wa Dagon.<ref>Khin Moh Moh Lwin and Thaw Zin Myo (4 November 2020). [https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/the-ppp-a-party-of-nld-defectors-military-men-and-ultranationalists "The PPP, a party of NLD defectors, military men, and ultranationalists".] Myanmar Now.</ref> Pia alihudumu kwa miaka 10 katika bodi ya wakurugenzi ya Myanmar Economic Holdings Limited, kampuni kubwa inayomilikiwa na kuendeshwa na jeshi. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya [[Demokrasia]] hadi mwaka 2019, alipojiunga na Chama cha Waanzilishi wa Wananchi. Mwaka 2019, alihama kutoka Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia na kujiunga na Chama cha Waanzilishi wa Wananchi, kilichoanzishwa na mwenzake Thet Thet Khine. Akawa naibu mwenyekiti wa chama hicho na mwenyekiti wa kamati yake ya rasilimali watu. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Kyaw Zeya alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, aligombea na kushinda kiti katika Bunge la Mkoa wa Yangon, akiwakilisha jimbo [[bunge]] namba 2 la Mji wa Dagon. Akiwa bungeni, alihudumu katika Kamati ya Fedha, Mipango na Uchumi ya Bunge la Mkoa wa Yangon. Baadaye, akawa naibu mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Waanzilishi wa Wananchi. Pia alihudumu kama [[mwenyekiti]] wa kamati ya rasilimali watu ya chama hicho pamoja na Thura Aung.<ref>Aung, Thura (2015). [https://spherestandards.org/training/tr-info/thura-aung/ "Thura Aung".] {{Wayback|url=https://spherestandards.org/training/tr-info/thura-aung/ |date=20250430103347 }} Sphere Project. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 81avlbptkb5ta6fhc8r6n6787fok3h4 0 255524 1611974 1610175 2026-10-30T04:28:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611974 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lin Wai Phyo Latt''' (Kiburma: လင်းဝေဖြိုးလတ်; alizaliwa 1 Juni 1980) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo la Tanintharyi, Jimbo Bunge la Namba 5. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c55a7b3f609e2b2c8b456e "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese).</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Lin alizaliwa tarehe 1 Juni 1980 katika mji wa Myeik, Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya tiba na upasuaji (MBBS) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tiba cha Yangon. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, alifanya kazi kama daktari. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Lin alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo [[Bunge]] la Namba 5 katika Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Alipata ushindi kwa tofauti ya kura 46,420. Pia ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Afya, Michezo na Utamaduni ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BB/ "Open Hluttaw"] {{Wayback|url=http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%80%E1%80%94%E1%80%BC%E1%80%BB/ |date=20200221065347 }} (in Burmese).</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] bqx8nlfh687l05uwoqum0ko6emoul8p 0 255533 1612050 1610184 2026-10-30T09:55:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612050 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maung Kyaw Zan''' (Kiburma: မောင်ကျော်ဇံ; alizaliwa 17 Desemba 1964) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo Bunge la Namba 9 katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Rakhine.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c59fbe3f609e7c1f8b45a6 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 11 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Maung Kyaw Zan alizaliwa tarehe 17 [[Desemba]] 1964 katika mji wa Rathedaung, Jimbo la Rakhine, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Sanaa katika Historia (BA) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sittwe. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Maung Kyaw Zan ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Rakhine. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo [[Bunge]] la Namba 9 katika Jimbo la Rakhine. Pia ni mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Makabila ya [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>[http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84/ "Amyotha Hluttaw Ethnic Affairs Committee"] {{Wayback|url=http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84/ |date=20200221064114 }} (in Burmese). Retrieved 13 September 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] at8mais1cfhs0hlt7o2awmu38b4rnbu 0 255537 1612051 1610188 2026-10-30T09:55:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612051 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maung Maung Swe''' (Kiburma: မောင်မောင်ဆွေ; alizaliwa 23 Mei 1971) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 9 katika Mkoa wa Mandalay. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia.<ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1 "Amyotha Hluttaw"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1 |date=20190824043358 }} (in Burmese). Retrieved 14 September 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa tarehe 23 Mei 1971 katika Jimbo la Rakhine, Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alihitimu shahada ya Sanaa katika [[Historia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Dagon. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Maung Maung Swe ni mwanachama wa Chama cha [[Ligi]] ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia. Katika [[uchaguzi]] mkuu wa Myanmar wa mwaka 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 9 la Mkoa wa Mandalay.<ref>[http://www.myanmar1329.rssing.com/chan-69067934/all_p1.html "Elections Results – Global New Light Of Myanmar".] Myanmar1329.rssing.com. Retrieved 2018-08-22.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 5608t2282khapcitcx6xa4g8720kh3k 0 255591 1611991 1610293 2026-10-30T06:26:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Binti wa Kifalme Mahisente Habte Mariam'''(amezaliwa [[9 Februari]], [[1937]]) ni mjane wa Mwana wa Kifalme Sahle Selassie, mwana mdogo wa Mfalme [[Haile Selassie]] wa [[Ethiopia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trftra.com/about/advisory.html|title=Advisory Board Prince Ermias Sahle Selassie Foundation Director|publisher=TRFTRA – The Royal Foundation To Rebuild Africa|accessdate=7 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819035200/http://www.trftra.com/about/advisory.html|archivedate=2010-08-19|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Per Nordenvall, ''Kungliga Serafimerorden 1748-1998'' (1998). See the [[List of knights of the Order of the Seraphim#Ethiopia|list of knights]]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] h2wyd3thy7gvl8gi4h1k3kw2saqbd3o 0 255598 1611900 1610319 2026-10-29T12:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Glory Umunna''' (amezaliwa '''Glory Chukwu''') ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Nigeria]] na mshikilizi wa taji la mashindano ya [[urembo]], aliyeshinda taji la Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria mwaka 2009. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya Miss World 2009 yaliyofanyika [[Johannesburg]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. Yeye ni wa kabila la [[Waigbo]] kutoka [[Abia State]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2010/02/enhancements-not-an-advantage-at-pageantry-glory-chukwu-mbgn10/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|title=Enhancements not an advantage at pageantry – Glory Chukwu MBGN'10|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US|access-date=2018-08-06}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=gospelcanadian |date=2022-01-05 |title=Artist Spotlight: Glory Chuku-Umunna |url=https://www.gospelcanadian.com/2022/01/artist-spotlight-glory-chuku-umunna/ |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=Gospelcanadian |language=en-US |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127171054/https://www.gospelcanadian.com/2022/01/artist-spotlight-glory-chuku-umunna/ |archivedate=2024-11-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 2fxx1q4n40n1u7wxqwg9ghdlbi5s8ym 3 255702 1611920 1610473 2026-10-29T14:07:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611920 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 24 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ==Links== Dada, tafadhali, usiweke viungo ovyovyo. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:07, 29 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) jmzjps55r6wi25elb8i6cj8vor1a4v3 0 256272 1611945 1611703 2026-10-29T19:14:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1611945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dkt. Jemma Nunu Kumba''' (alizaliwa [[15 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Sudan Kusini]] na Spika wa sasa wa [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa la Mpito tangu Agosti 2021. Yeye ndiye [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuongoza bunge la kitaifa la Sudan Kusini. Kumba amewahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali za juu serikalini na ndani ya chama, zikiwemo Gavana wa Western Equatoria (2008–2010), Waziri wa Nyumba, Mipango ya Matumizi ya Ardhi na Mazingira (2010–2013), Waziri wa Umeme, Mabwawa, Umwagiliaji na Rasilimali za Maji (2013–2015), Waziri wa Jinsia, Watoto na Ustawi wa Jamii (2015), Waziri wa Uhifadhi wa Wanyamapori na Utalii (2015–2019), na [[Waziri]] wa Masuala ya Bunge (2019–2021). Pia aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa Harakati ya Ukombozi wa Wananchi wa Sudan (''SPLM'') mwaka 2015. == Maisha binafsi == Kumba ameolewa na Dkt. Festo F. Kumba, aliewahi kuwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Wanyama na Uvuvi. Wana [[watoto]] watano na ni wa jamii ya Wazande.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/region/jemma-nunu-kumba-ssudans-first-female-parliament-speaker |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010151310/https://jordantimes.com/news/region/jemma-nunu-kumba-ssudans-first-female-parliament-speaker |archivedate=2022-10-10 |accessdate=2026-10-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161023072016/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/who%E2%80%99s-who-splm-juba-faction-jemma-nunu-kumba</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 4h8s44olrlhwvn4l14wocxln6klqnma 1611962 1611945 2026-10-29T23:37:24Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1611962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dkt. Jemma Nunu Kumba''' (alizaliwa [[15 Juni]] [[1966]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Sudan Kusini]] na Spika wa sasa wa [[Bunge]] la Kitaifa la Mpito tangu Agosti 2021. Yeye ndiye [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuongoza bunge la kitaifa la Sudan Kusini. Kumba amewahi kushika nyadhifa mbalimbali za juu serikalini na ndani ya chama, zikiwemo Gavana wa Western Equatoria (2008–2010), Waziri wa Nyumba, Mipango ya Matumizi ya Ardhi na Mazingira (2010–2013), Waziri wa Umeme, Mabwawa, Umwagiliaji na Rasilimali za Maji (2013–2015), Waziri wa Jinsia, Watoto na Ustawi wa Jamii (2015), Waziri wa Uhifadhi wa Wanyamapori na Utalii (2015–2019), na [[Waziri]] wa Masuala ya Bunge (2019–2021). Pia aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Katibu Mkuu wa Harakati ya Ukombozi wa Wananchi wa Sudan (''SPLM'') mwaka 2015. == Maisha binafsi == Kumba ameolewa na Dkt. Festo F. Kumba, aliewahi kuwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Wanyama na Uvuvi. Wana [[watoto]] watano na ni wa jamii ya Wazande.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/region/jemma-nunu-kumba-ssudans-first-female-parliament-speaker |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010151310/https://jordantimes.com/news/region/jemma-nunu-kumba-ssudans-first-female-parliament-speaker |archivedate=2022-10-10 |accessdate=2026-10-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161023072016/https://radiotamazuj.org/en/article/who%E2%80%99s-who-splm-juba-faction-jemma-nunu-kumba</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} m1rxp4u3d69e0ezsk2qu5rf5rmgtw6u 0 256384 1611902 2026-10-29T12:55:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Agnellus_of_Pisa.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Agnelus alivyochorwa.]] '''Agnelus wa Pisa''' ([[Pisa]], [[Italia]], [[1194]] hivi - [[Oxford]], [[Uingereza]], [[7 Mei]] [[1236]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mwanzilishi]] wa kanda ya Uingereza ya [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=Rosalind B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5zJN7WUEaIC&pg=PA53 |title=Early Franciscan Government: Ellias to Bonaventure |...' 1611902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnellus_of_Pisa.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Agnelus alivyochorwa.]] '''Agnelus wa Pisa''' ([[Pisa]], [[Italia]], [[1194]] hivi - [[Oxford]], [[Uingereza]], [[7 Mei]] [[1236]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mwanzilishi]] wa kanda ya Uingereza ya [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=Rosalind B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5zJN7WUEaIC&pg=PA53 |title=Early Franciscan Government: Ellias to Bonaventure |date=2004-02-05 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54798-7 |language=en}}</ref>, alipostawisha [[elimu]]<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/agnello-da-pisa_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</ref>. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo [[mwaka]] [[1212]] kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90358</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]<ref name=Donovan>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212c.htm Donovan, Stephen. "Bl. Agnellus of Pisa." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 30 May 2016</ref>. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Leo XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[4 Septemba]] [[1892]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya kifo chake au [[10 Septemba]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * Ottavio Banti e Marina Soriani Innocenti, Il francescanesimo a Pisa, secc. XIII-XIV : la missione del Beato Agnello in Inghilterra a Canterbury e Cambridge, 1224-1236 : atti del Convegno di studi, Pisa, Chiesa di San Francesco, 10-11 marzo 2001, 1 vol., Ospedaletto Pisa : Felici, cop., 2003, IV-136, ISBN 9788888327389, OCLC 496808974. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1194]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1236]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] b7xovfjsgmzazr7pwuzsh0iqyh9hjlu 1611903 1611902 2026-10-29T12:56:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1611903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnellus_of_Pisa.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Agnelus alivyochorwa.]] '''Agnelus wa Pisa''' ([[Pisa]], [[Italia]], [[1194]] hivi - [[Oxford]], [[Uingereza]], [[7 Mei]] [[1236]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mwanzilishi]] wa kanda ya Uingereza ya [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=Rosalind B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5zJN7WUEaIC&pg=PA53 |title=Early Franciscan Government: Ellias to Bonaventure |date=2004-02-05 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54798-7 |language=en}}</ref>, alipostawisha [[elimu]]<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/agnello-da-pisa_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</ref>. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo [[mwaka]] [[1212]] kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90358</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]<ref name=Donovan>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212c.htm Donovan, Stephen. "Bl. Agnellus of Pisa." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 30 May 2016</ref>. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Leo XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[4 Septemba]] [[1892]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya kifo chake au [[10 Septemba]]. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * Ottavio Banti e Marina Soriani Innocenti, Il francescanesimo a Pisa, secc. XIII-XIV : la missione del Beato Agnello in Inghilterra a Canterbury e Cambridge, 1224-1236 : atti del Convegno di studi, Pisa, Chiesa di San Francesco, 10-11 marzo 2001, 1 vol., Ospedaletto Pisa : Felici, cop., 2003, IV-136, ISBN 9788888327389, OCLC 496808974. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1194]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1236]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] 7r3kvv5wznf1k1tgk08bl79yirlque3 1611905 1611903 2026-10-29T13:01:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611905 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Agnellus_of_Pisa.jpg|thumb|Mwenye heri Agnelus alivyochorwa.]] '''Agnelus wa Pisa''' ([[Pisa]], [[Italia]], [[1194]] hivi - [[Oxford]], [[Uingereza]], [[7 Mei]] [[1236]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mwanzilishi]] wa kanda ya Uingereza ya [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Brooke |first=Rosalind B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p5zJN7WUEaIC&pg=PA53 |title=Early Franciscan Government: Ellias to Bonaventure |date=2004-02-05 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-54798-7 |language=en}}</ref>, alipostawisha [[elimu]]<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/agnello-da-pisa_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</ref>. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo [[mwaka]] [[1212]] kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90358</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]<ref name=Donovan>[https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01212c.htm Donovan, Stephen. "Bl. Agnellus of Pisa." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 30 May 2016</ref>. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Leo XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[4 Septemba]] [[1892]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya kifo chake au [[10 Septemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * Ottavio Banti e Marina Soriani Innocenti, Il francescanesimo a Pisa, secc. XIII-XIV : la missione del Beato Agnello in Inghilterra a Canterbury e Cambridge, 1224-1236 : atti del Convegno di studi, Pisa, Chiesa di San Francesco, 10-11 marzo 2001, 1 vol., Ospedaletto Pisa : Felici, cop., 2003, IV-136, ISBN 9788888327389, OCLC 496808974. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1194]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1236]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] 9xm1lw2h9h57m6d2pl1rz7an09jyg82 0 256385 1611908 2026-10-29T13:07:01Z Grace Daudi 93413 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lise Marie Jeanette de Baissac''' MBE CdeG ([[11 Mei]] [[1905]] – [[29 Machi]] [[2004|2004)]], aliyekuwa akitumia majina ya siri ''[[Odile Sankara|Odile]]'' na [[Marguerite Littman|''Marguerite'',]] alikuwa wakala kutoka [[Mauritius]] katika shirika la siri la [[Uingereza]] la Special Operations Executive [[Soe Lin Tun|(SOE)]] nchini Ufaransa wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.]] Lengo la SOE lilikuwa kufanya shughuli z...' 1611908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lise Marie Jeanette de Baissac''' MBE CdeG ([[11 Mei]] [[1905]] – [[29 Machi]] [[2004|2004)]], aliyekuwa akitumia majina ya siri ''[[Odile Sankara|Odile]]'' na [[Marguerite Littman|''Marguerite'',]] alikuwa wakala kutoka [[Mauritius]] katika shirika la siri la [[Uingereza]] la Special Operations Executive [[Soe Lin Tun|(SOE)]] nchini Ufaransa wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.]] Lengo la SOE lilikuwa kufanya shughuli za [[Upelelezi (maana)|upelelezi,]] hujuma na uchunguzi katika nchi zilizokuwa zimekaliwa na Mataifa ya Mhimili (Axis powers), hasa [[Ujerumani ya Nazi|Ujerumani ya Nazi.]] Mawakala wa SOE walishirikiana na vikundi vya upinzani na kuvipatia silaha na vifaa vilivyodondoshwa kwa parachuti kutoka Uingereza.[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Akiwa binti pekee kati ya [[watoto]] watatu, Lise de Baissac alizaliwa nchini Mauritius iliyokuwa chini ya utawala wa Uingereza. Baba yake alikuwa Marie Louis Marc de Boucherville Baissac ([[1878]]–[[1945]]), na mama yake alikuwa Marie Louise Jeanette Dupont. Familia yake ilikuwa miongoni mwa wamiliki wakubwa wa [[Ardhi adimu|ardhi]] nchini Mauritius, ingawa walikuwa raia wa Uingereza, kama ilivyokuwa kwa watu wa Mauritius wakati huo. [[Familia]] hiyo ilihamia [[Paris]] [[mwaka]] [[1919|1919.]] Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 17, alikutana na mwanaume ambaye baadaye angekuwa mume wake, Gustave Villameur, ambaye alikuwa msanii asiye na mali. Mama yake hakukubaliana na uhusiano huo, hivyo akamtuma Lise kwenda Italia. Baada ya kurudi Paris, Lise alianza kufanya kazi ofisini, jambo ambalo halikuwa la kawaida kwa mwanamke kijana wa tabaka la juu katika kipindi hicho.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</ref> == Idara Maalum ya Operesheni za Kijasusi == Mara tu SOE ilipoanza kuajiri wanawake, de Baissac aliomba kujiunga. Alihojiwa na Selwyn Jepson, na akakubaliwa kwa ajili ya mafunzo mwezi [[19 Mei|Mei 1942.]] Alielezwa kuwa alikuwa “mwanamke aliyekomaa mwenye umri wa miaka 37, mfupi na mwembamba, mwenye nywele nyeusi, macho yenye rangi nyepesi na mwenye kujiamini.” Pia alikuwa na sifa ya familia yao ya kuwa “mgumu lakini mwenye kujitolea.” Mawakala wanawake wa SOE walifundishwa kuwa wapelekaji wa ujumbe (couriers) au waendeshaji wa mawasiliano ya [[Redio|redio,]] na mara nyingi walifanya kazi chini ya wanaume waliokuwa “waandaaji” (organisers). Hata hivyo, de Baissac alionekana kuwa na uwezo wa kuongoza mtandao wake mwenyewe wa siri.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.+55.+ISBN+9780752487298.&oq=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.%C2%A055.+ISBN%C2%A09780752487298.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDMxNTVqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QVAw_V9wFVxI_EFQMP1fcBVcSM&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.+55.+ISBN+9780752487298.&oq=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.%C2%A055.+ISBN%C2%A09780752487298.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDMxNTVqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QVAw_V9wFVxI_EFQMP1fcBVcSM&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Baada ya Vita == Baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia, de Baissac alifanya kazi katika [[BBC]]. Mwaka 1950, akiwa na umri wa miaka 45, alifunga ndoa na Gustave Villameur, mpenzi wake wa kipindi cha ujana. Wakati huo, Villameur alikuwa amekuwa msanii na mpambaji wa ndani aliyefanikiwa na aliishi [[Marseille]]. Hawakuwa na watoto. Mume wake alifariki [[1968|mwaka 1978.]] Baada ya hapo, de Baissac aliishi peke yake katika nyumba kubwa na ya kifahari iliyokuwa ikiangalia bandari ya zamani ya Marseille. Gazeti ''The Guardian'' katika kumbukumbu ya kifo chake lilimtaja kama “mwanamke wa hadhi wa kizazi cha zamani: mwenye kujitegemea sana, jasiri, mwenye umaridadi na mnyenyekevu.” Lise de Baissac alifariki 29 Machi 2004 huko Marseille, akiwa na umri wa miaka 98.[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france</ref> == Ukumbusho == Kuna kumbusho lililojengwa kwa heshima ya Andrée Borrel na Marie-Lise de Baissac katika mji wa Saint-Laurent-Nouan, uliopo [[Loir-et-Cher]], [[Ufaransa]]. Kumbusho hilo liko katika eneo linaloitwa Bois-Renard, mahali ambapo wawili hao walishushwa kwa parachuti usiku wa kuamkia tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[1942|1942.]] Kumbusho hilo lilizinduliwa tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[2022|2022.]] == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Vita Vikuu vya Pili]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] d9wrxvbexu386ifpdlaz7zqxiuh74es 1611917 1611908 2026-10-29T14:00:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lise Marie Jeanette de Baissac''' MBE CdeG ([[11 Mei]] [[1905]] – [[29 Machi]] [[2004|2004)]], aliyekuwa akitumia majina ya siri ''[[Odile]]'' na ''[[Marguerite]]'', alikuwa wakala kutoka [[Mauritius]] katika shirika la siri la [[Uingereza]] la Special Operations Executive [[Soe Lin Tun|(SOE)]] nchini Ufaransa wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia|Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.]] Lengo la SOE lilikuwa kufanya shughuli za [[Upelelezi (maana)|upelelezi,]] hujuma na uchunguzi katika nchi zilizokuwa zimekaliwa na Mataifa ya Mhimili (Axis powers), hasa [[Ujerumani ya Nazi|Ujerumani ya Nazi.]] Mawakala wa SOE walishirikiana na vikundi vya upinzani na kuvipatia silaha na vifaa vilivyodondoshwa kwa parachuti kutoka Uingereza.[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Akiwa binti pekee kati ya [[watoto]] watatu, Lise de Baissac alizaliwa nchini Mauritius iliyokuwa chini ya utawala wa Uingereza. Baba yake alikuwa Marie Louis Marc de Boucherville Baissac ([[1878]]–[[1945]]), na mama yake alikuwa Marie Louise Jeanette Dupont. Familia yake ilikuwa miongoni mwa wamiliki wakubwa wa [[Ardhi adimu|ardhi]] nchini Mauritius, ingawa walikuwa raia wa Uingereza, kama ilivyokuwa kwa watu wa Mauritius wakati huo. [[Familia]] hiyo ilihamia [[Paris]] [[mwaka]] [[1919|1919.]] Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 17, alikutana na mwanaume ambaye baadaye angekuwa mume wake, Gustave Villameur, ambaye alikuwa msanii asiye na mali. Mama yake hakukubaliana na uhusiano huo, hivyo akamtuma Lise kwenda Italia. Baada ya kurudi Paris, Lise alianza kufanya kazi ofisini, jambo ambalo halikuwa la kawaida kwa mwanamke kijana wa tabaka la juu katika kipindi hicho.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</ref> == Idara Maalum ya Operesheni za Kijasusi == Mara tu SOE ilipoanza kuajiri wanawake, de Baissac aliomba kujiunga. Alihojiwa na Selwyn Jepson, na akakubaliwa kwa ajili ya mafunzo mwezi [[19 Mei|Mei 1942.]] Alielezwa kuwa alikuwa “mwanamke aliyekomaa mwenye umri wa miaka 37, mfupi na mwembamba, mwenye nywele nyeusi, macho yenye rangi nyepesi na mwenye kujiamini.” Pia alikuwa na sifa ya familia yao ya kuwa “mgumu lakini mwenye kujitolea.” Mawakala wanawake wa SOE walifundishwa kuwa wapelekaji wa ujumbe (couriers) au waendeshaji wa mawasiliano ya [[Redio|redio,]] na mara nyingi walifanya kazi chini ya wanaume waliokuwa “waandaaji” (organisers). Hata hivyo, de Baissac alionekana kuwa na uwezo wa kuongoza mtandao wake mwenyewe wa siri.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.+55.+ISBN+9780752487298.&oq=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.%C2%A055.+ISBN%C2%A09780752487298.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDMxNTVqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QVAw_V9wFVxI_EFQMP1fcBVcSM&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.+55.+ISBN+9780752487298.&oq=Escott%2C+Beryl+E.+(2010).+The+Heroines+of+SOE.+Stroud%2C+Gloucestershire%3A+The+History+Press.+p.%C2%A055.+ISBN%C2%A09780752487298.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDMxNTVqMGo3qAIIsAIB8QVAw_V9wFVxI_EFQMP1fcBVcSM&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Baada ya Vita == Baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia, de Baissac alifanya kazi katika [[BBC]]. Mwaka 1950, akiwa na umri wa miaka 45, alifunga ndoa na Gustave Villameur, mpenzi wake wa kipindi cha ujana. Wakati huo, Villameur alikuwa amekuwa msanii na mpambaji wa ndani aliyefanikiwa na aliishi [[Marseille]]. Hawakuwa na watoto. Mume wake alifariki [[1968|mwaka 1978.]] Baada ya hapo, de Baissac aliishi peke yake katika nyumba kubwa na ya kifahari iliyokuwa ikiangalia bandari ya zamani ya Marseille. Gazeti ''The Guardian'' katika kumbukumbu ya kifo chake lilimtaja kama “mwanamke wa hadhi wa kizazi cha zamani: mwenye kujitegemea sana, jasiri, mwenye umaridadi na mnyenyekevu.” Lise de Baissac alifariki 29 Machi 2004 huko Marseille, akiwa na umri wa miaka 98.[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/news/2004/jun/01/guardianobituaries.france</ref> == Ukumbusho == Kuna kumbusho lililojengwa kwa heshima ya Andrée Borrel na Marie-Lise de Baissac katika mji wa Saint-Laurent-Nouan, uliopo [[Loir-et-Cher]], [[Ufaransa]]. Kumbusho hilo liko katika eneo linaloitwa Bois-Renard, mahali ambapo wawili hao walishushwa kwa parachuti usiku wa kuamkia tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[1942|1942.]] Kumbusho hilo lilizinduliwa tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[2022|2022.]] == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Mauritius]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] h1c0xme5f33657vxlww68zt2xcxuo28 0 256386 1611909 2026-10-29T13:07:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bentivolyo wa Bonis''' ([[San Severino Marche]], [[Italia]], [[1188]] hivi - San Severino Marche, [[7 Mei]] [[1232]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mtawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] maarufu kama mhubiri. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref><ref name="bss">Giovanni Battista Proja, BSS, vol. II (1962), col. 1250.</ref></ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90358</ref>. Tangu kale a...' 1611909 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bentivolyo wa Bonis''' ([[San Severino Marche]], [[Italia]], [[1188]] hivi - San Severino Marche, [[7 Mei]] [[1232]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mtawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] maarufu kama mhubiri. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref><ref name="bss">Giovanni Battista Proja, BSS, vol. II (1962), col. 1250.</ref></ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90358</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Pius IX]] [[tarehe]] [[20 Septemba]] [[1852]]<ref>''Index ac status causarum'' (1999), p. 414.</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[25 Desemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * ''Il martirologio romano. Riformato a norma dei decreti del Concilio ecumenico Vaticano II e promulgato da papa Giovanni Paolo II'', LEV, Città del Vaticano 2004. * Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum, ''Index ac status causarum'', Città del Vaticano 1999. * Filippo Caraffa e Giuseppe Morelli (curr.), ''Bibliotheca Sanctorum'' (BSS), 12 voll., Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università Lateranense, Roma 1961-1969. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1188]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1232]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] o3vuyysma6fw68jzcimajxc6rnxrau7 1611910 1611909 2026-10-29T13:08:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bentivolyo wa Bonis''' ([[San Severino Marche]], [[Italia]], [[1188]] hivi - San Severino Marche, [[7 Mei]] [[1232]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mtawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] maarufu kama mhubiri. Alikuwa amejiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe <ref name="bss">Giovanni Battista Proja, BSS, vol. II (1962), col. 1250.</ref><ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90709</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Pius IX]] [[tarehe]] [[20 Septemba]] [[1852]]<ref>''Index ac status causarum'' (1999), p. 414.</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[25 Desemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * ''Il martirologio romano. Riformato a norma dei decreti del Concilio ecumenico Vaticano II e promulgato da papa Giovanni Paolo II'', LEV, Città del Vaticano 2004. * Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum, ''Index ac status causarum'', Città del Vaticano 1999. * Filippo Caraffa e Giuseppe Morelli (curr.), ''Bibliotheca Sanctorum'' (BSS), 12 voll., Istituto Giovanni XXIII nella Pontificia Università Lateranense, Roma 1961-1969. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1188]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1232]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] oaxdgpx9vcfy14tcgppixv4idubo4t2 14 256387 1611911 2026-10-29T13:10:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 13]] [[Jamii:1232]]' 1611911 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Waliofariki karne ya 13]] [[Jamii:1232]] m7hzpdohjm7nymq3myx93lmms4isl6d 0 256388 1611914 2026-10-29T13:38:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Benvenuto wa Gubbio''' ([[Gubbio]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 12]] - Corneto, leo [[Ascoli Satriano]], Italia, [[1232]]) alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] baada ya kuacha [[jeshi]] na kujiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe mwaka [[1222]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/59800</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Inosenti XII]] [[mwaka]] [[1697]]<r...' 1611914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benvenuto wa Gubbio''' ([[Gubbio]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 12]] - Corneto, leo [[Ascoli Satriano]], Italia, [[1232]]) alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] baada ya kuacha [[jeshi]] na kujiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe mwaka [[1222]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/59800</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Inosenti XII]] [[mwaka]] [[1697]]<ref>https://www.eltestigofiel.org/index.php?idu=sn_2157</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[27 Juni]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1232]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] l0ya5xtcdg4qfnqwu97qr0dfyezfzza 0 256389 1611915 2026-10-29T13:48:23Z Grace Daudi 93413 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tasneem Essop''' alikuwa (mwaka [[2009|2009)]] mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Climate Action Network, mtandao mkubwa wa kimataifa unaojumuisha zaidi ya [[Mashirika ya kilimwengu|mashirika]] 1,300 ya kiraia katika zaidi ya [[nchi]] 120, yanayopambana na [[Mgogoro wa Usimikaji|mgogoro]] wa [[Tabianchi|tabianchi.]] Essop pia aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa [[Mkoa]] wa [[Mazingira]], [[Mpango wa Maendeleo ya Taifa|Mipango na Maendeleo]] ya Kiuchumi katika Western Cap...' 1611915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasneem Essop''' alikuwa (mwaka [[2009|2009)]] mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Climate Action Network, mtandao mkubwa wa kimataifa unaojumuisha zaidi ya [[Mashirika ya kilimwengu|mashirika]] 1,300 ya kiraia katika zaidi ya [[nchi]] 120, yanayopambana na [[Mgogoro wa Usimikaji|mgogoro]] wa [[Tabianchi|tabianchi.]] Essop pia aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa [[Mkoa]] wa [[Mazingira]], [[Mpango wa Maendeleo ya Taifa|Mipango na Maendeleo]] ya Kiuchumi katika [[Western Cape|Western Cape,]] [[Afrika Kusini|Afrika Kusini.]] Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa na jukumu la kusimamia Idara ya Masuala ya Mazingira na Mipango ya Maendeleo (DEADP) pamoja na Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi. Pia alihusika na kusimamia [[taasisi]] kama Wesgro, wakala wa [[Western Cape]] wa uwekezaji na kukuza [[Biashara ya utumwa kupitia Atlantiki|biashara,]] pamoja na CapeNature, bodi ya uhifadhi wa mazingira na [[maliasili]] ya Western Cape.[https://iol.co.za/technology/2009-11-18-climate-talks-being-set-up-to-fail-essop/]<ref>https://iol.co.za/technology/2009-11-18-climate-talks-being-set-up-to-fail-essop/</ref> == Mwanzo wa Kazi == Kabla ya mwaka [[1994 KK|'''1994''',]] alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] aliyepinga [[Mfumo wa Jua|mfumo wa]] [[Apartheid]], akishiriki katika mashirika ya vijana, vyama vya wafanyakazi na mashirika yanayohusika na masuala ya [[Jinsia|jinsia.]] Kwa [[taaluma]] alikuwa [[Mwalimu|'''mwalimu.''']] Alianza kazi yake mwaka '''[[1985]]''', akifundisha [[Kiingereza cha Kale|Kiingereza''',''']] '''[[Historia]] na [[Ushauri wa Wadi Rum|Ushauri]]''' katika [[shule ya sekondari]] ya Glendale Senior Secondary, iliyopo Mitchell's Plain, [[Western Cape|Western Cape.]] Ingawa alifanya kazi ya ualimu kwa muda mfupi, aliacha shule hiyo mwaka '''1988'''. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa miaka miwili kama Afisa wa Elimu katika British Council. Kisha akajiunga na South African Municipal Workers Union akiwa Afisa wa Elimu na Vyombo vya Habari. Baadaye akawa Afisa wa Elimu wa Kikanda wa COSATU, nafasi ambayo aliishikilia kuanzia [[1992]] hadi [[1994|1994.]] == Utetezi wa Tabianchi == [[Mwaka 2000|Mwaka 2001]], aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Mkoa wa Western Cape anayeshughulikia Uchukuzi, Ujenzi wa Umma na Usimamizi wa Mali. Mnamo Mei 2004, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mkoa wa Masuala ya Mazingira na Mipango ya Maendeleo. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Siasa]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] ds5fqwj91twekih3p62j2d15k6c545f 1611919 1611915 2026-10-29T14:06:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611919 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tasneem Essop''' (alifariki [[2009]]) alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Climate Action Network, mtandao mkubwa wa kimataifa unaojumuisha zaidi ya [[shirika|mashirika]] 1,300 ya kiraia katika zaidi ya [[nchi]] 120, yanayopambana na [[mgogoro]] wa [[tabianchi]]. Essop pia aliwahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa [[Mkoa]] wa [[Mazingira]], [[Mipango na Maendeleo]] ya Kiuchumi katika [[Western Cape]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa na jukumu la kusimamia Idara ya Masuala ya Mazingira na Mipango ya Maendeleo (DEADP) pamoja na Idara ya Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi. Pia alihusika na kusimamia [[taasisi]] kama Wesgro, wakala wa [[Western Cape]] wa uwekezaji na kukuza [[Biashara ya utumwa kupitia Atlantiki|biashara,]] pamoja na CapeNature, bodi ya uhifadhi wa mazingira na [[maliasili]] ya Western Cape.[https://iol.co.za/technology/2009-11-18-climate-talks-being-set-up-to-fail-essop/]<ref>https://iol.co.za/technology/2009-11-18-climate-talks-being-set-up-to-fail-essop/</ref> == Mwanzo wa Kazi == Kabla ya mwaka [[1994]] alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] aliyepinga [[mfumo]] wa [[Apartheid]], akishiriki katika mashirika ya vijana, vyama vya wafanyakazi na mashirika yanayohusika na masuala ya [[jinsia]]. Kwa [[taaluma]] alikuwa [[mwalimu]]. Alianza kazi yake mwaka [[1985]], akifundisha [[Kiingereza]], [[Historia]] na [[Ushauri]] katika [[shule ya sekondari]] ya Glendale Senior Secondary, iliyopo Mitchell's Plain, [[Western Cape]]. Ingawa alifanya kazi ya ualimu kwa muda mfupi, aliacha shule hiyo mwaka 1988. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa miaka miwili kama Afisa wa Elimu katika British Council. Kisha akajiunga na South African Municipal Workers Union akiwa Afisa wa Elimu na Vyombo vya Habari. Baadaye akawa Afisa wa Elimu wa Kikanda wa COSATU, nafasi ambayo aliishikilia kuanzia [[1992]] hadi [[1994]]. == Utetezi wa Tabianchi == [[Mwaka]] [[2001]], aliteuliwa kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Mkoa wa Western Cape anayeshughulikia Uchukuzi, Ujenzi wa Umma na Usimamizi wa Mali. Mnamo Mei 2004, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Mkoa wa Masuala ya Mazingira na Mipango ya Maendeleo. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|karne ya 20|2009}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] da9kcclrlowu6wegpfag2o2jbbowxhg 0 256390 1611916 2026-10-29T13:56:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pelegrino wa Falerone''' ([[Marche]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 12]] - [[San Severino Marche]], Italia, [[1233]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] baada ya kusoma [[falsafa]] na [[sheria]] huko [[Bologna]] na kujiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe, labda [[mwaka]] [[1222]]<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pellegrino-da-falerone-beato_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</ref>. Alipenda [[Wajibu|majukumu]] duni na ali...' 1611916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pelegrino wa Falerone''' ([[Marche]], [[Italia]], [[karne ya 12]] - [[San Severino Marche]], Italia, [[1233]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] baada ya kusoma [[falsafa]] na [[sheria]] huko [[Bologna]] na kujiunga na [[shirika]] hilo kwa kupokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] mwenyewe, labda [[mwaka]] [[1222]]<ref>https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pellegrino-da-falerone-beato_(Dizionario-Biografico)/</ref>. Alipenda [[Wajibu|majukumu]] duni na alipokwenda [[Nchi takatifu]] alisifiwa na [[Mwislamu|Waislamu]] kwa mwenendo wake <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90742</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa kama [[mwenye heri]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Pius VII]] [[tarehe]] [[31 Julai]] [[1821]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[27 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa karne ya 12]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1233]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:mapadri]] [[Jamii:wanaume wa Italia]] [[Jamii:wenye heri wa Italia]] chcgr0bmtzqwsnycqvjaghy6oiqgwq3 0 256391 1611918 2026-10-29T14:02:18Z Grace Daudi 93413 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Neferubity''' (kwa Kimisri ya Kale: ''nfrw bity'') alikuwa [[Bintimfalme Lalla Hasna wa Moroko|binti wa]] [[Bintimfalme Lalla Hasna wa Moroko|mfalme]] wa [[Misri ya Kale]] kutoka Nasaba ya 18 ya Misri. Alikuwa [[Binti Farao (mke wa Solomoni)|binti wa Farao]] Thutmose I na Ahmose. Pia alikuwa dada wa [[Hatshepsut]] na dada wa kambo wa [[Thutmose III|Thutmose II,]] Wadjmose na Amenmose.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+...' 1611918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neferubity''' (kwa Kimisri ya Kale: ''nfrw bity'') alikuwa [[Bintimfalme Lalla Hasna wa Moroko|binti wa]] [[Bintimfalme Lalla Hasna wa Moroko|mfalme]] wa [[Misri ya Kale]] kutoka Nasaba ya 18 ya Misri. Alikuwa [[Binti Farao (mke wa Solomoni)|binti wa Farao]] Thutmose I na Ahmose. Pia alikuwa dada wa [[Hatshepsut]] na dada wa kambo wa [[Thutmose III|Thutmose II,]] Wadjmose na Amenmose.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&oq=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDI1MjRqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&oq=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDI1MjRqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> Jina lake lina maana ya “Uzuri wa Misri ya Chini”, likitokana na maneno mawili ya Kimisri: “[[Nefertiti|nefer]]”, linalomaanisha ''uzuri'', na “bity”, linalohusishwa na ''Misri ya Chini''. Neferubity anaonekana pamoja na wazazi wake, Thutmose I na Ahmose, katika hekalu la mazishi la Hatshepsut huko Deir el-Bahari. Baada ya hapo, hakuna kumbukumbu nyingi zaidi zinazomhusu. Inaaminika kwamba alikufa akiwa bado mdogo, kwa sababu katika picha yake anaonyeshwa akiwa na “sidelock of youth”, alama ya nywele iliyotumiwa kuonyesha mtoto au kijana katika sanaa ya Misri ya Kale.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&oq=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg7MgcIARAAGO8FMgcIAhAAGO8FMgcIAxAAGO8FMgcIBBAAGO8FMgcIBRAAGO8F0gEIMzMxMmowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&oq=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg7MgcIARAAGO8FMgcIAhAAGO8FMgcIAxAAGO8FMgcIBBAAGO8FMgcIBRAAGO8F0gEIMzMxMmowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake]] [[Jamii:Misri ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Wafalme nchi kwa nchi]] pyomdkj3gvh9jwj30sqpbfnfuo02zcm 1611921 1611918 2026-10-29T14:09:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1611921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Neferubity''' (kwa Kimisri cha Kale: ''nfrw bity'') alikuwa [[bintimfalme]] wa [[Misri ya Kale]] kutoka Nasaba ya 18 ya Misri. Alikuwa [[binti]] wa [[Farao]] Thutmose I na Ahmose. Pia alikuwa dada wa [[Hatshepsut]] na dada wa kambo wa [[Thutmose II]], Wadjmose na Amenmose.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&oq=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDI1MjRqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&oq=Aidan+Dodson+%26+Dyan+Hilton%3A+The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt.+Thames+%26+Hudson%2C+2004%2C+ISBN+0-500-05128-3+p.140&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDI1MjRqMGo3qAIAsAIA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> Jina lake lina maana ya “Uzuri wa Misri ya Chini”, likitokana na maneno mawili ya Kimisri: “[[Nefertiti|nefer]]”, linalomaanisha ''uzuri'', na “bity”, linalohusishwa na ''Misri ya Chini''. Neferubity anaonekana pamoja na wazazi wake, Thutmose I na Ahmose, katika hekalu la mazishi la Hatshepsut huko Deir el-Bahari. Baada ya hapo, hakuna kumbukumbu nyingi zaidi zinazomhusu. Inaaminika kwamba alikufa akiwa bado mdogo, kwa sababu katika picha yake anaonyeshwa akiwa na “sidelock of youth”, alama ya nywele iliyotumiwa kuonyesha mtoto au kijana katika sanaa ya Misri ya Kale.[https://www.google.com/search?q=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&oq=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg7MgcIARAAGO8FMgcIAhAAGO8FMgcIAxAAGO8FMgcIBBAAGO8FMgcIBRAAGO8F0gEIMzMxMmowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8]<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&oq=Dodson+%26+Hilton%2C+p.130&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUqBggAEEUYOzIGCAAQRRg7MgcIARAAGO8FMgcIAhAAGO8FMgcIAxAAGO8FMgcIBBAAGO8FMgcIBRAAGO8F0gEIMzMxMmowajeoAgCwAgA&sourceid=chrome&source=chrome.ob&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] [[Jamii:watu wa Misri ya Kale]] prttz8m3vro7r6f5b3o2ilcnruq99pa 0 256392 1611926 2026-10-29T15:30:17Z Grace Daudi 93413 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ime Akpan''' (amezaliwa [[27 Aprili]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Nigeria]] aliyeshiriki katika [[riadha]], hasa [[mbio]] za mita 100 za [[kuruka viunzi]] (100 metres hurdles) kwa [[Wanawake wa Afrika|wanawake.]] Alishiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] mara moja, mwaka [[1996 KK|1996,]] na alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya [[All-Africa Games|All-Africa]] ya mwaka [[1991]] iliyofanyika :en:1993_NCAA_Division_I_Outdoor_Track_and_Fie...' 1611926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ime Akpan''' (amezaliwa [[27 Aprili]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa [[Nigeria]] aliyeshiriki katika [[riadha]], hasa [[mbio]] za mita 100 za [[kuruka viunzi]] (100 metres hurdles) kwa [[Wanawake wa Afrika|wanawake.]] Alishiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] mara moja, mwaka [[1996 KK|1996,]] na alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya [[All-Africa Games|All-Africa]] ya mwaka [[1991]] iliyofanyika [[:en:1993_NCAA_Division_I_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships|Cairo, Misri.]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_NCAA_Division_I_Outdoor_Track_and_Field_Championships</ref> [[Akpan]] pia alikuwa mwanariadha bora wa kuruka viunzi (''All-American'') katika timu ya riadha ya Arizona State Sun Devils. Alimaliza nafasi ya pili katika mbio za mita 100 za kuruka viunzi kwenye Mashindano ya NCAA Division I Outdoor ya mwaka [[1993]].[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-register-guard-ime-akpan-the-100-hu/192791438/]<ref>https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-register-guard-ime-akpan-the-100-hu/192791438/</ref> Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa pia ''[[All American Boys|All-American]]'' katika timu ya Utah State Aggies, ambapo alimaliza nafasi ya nne katika mbio za [[Mita ya mraba|mita 55]] za [[kuruka viunzi]] kwenye Mashindano ya NCAA Division I Indoor ya mwaka [https://www.ustfccca.org/records-lists/meet-history-by-event?gender=1&series=3368&event=51 1990.]<ref>https://www.ustfccca.org/records-lists/meet-history-by-event?gender=1&series=3368&event=51</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Riadha]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Waafrika Waishio Marekani]] 12aetcfor8dftnn36roa0hwqz8xkuu2 0 256393 1611934 2026-10-29T17:47:20Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611934 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Marisa Belli.jpg|thumb|Marisa Belli]] '''Maria Luisa Scavoni''' ([[12 Aprili]] [[1933]] – [[9 Desemba]] [[2017]]), alifahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Marisa Belli''', alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Belli alizaliwa Roma. Akiwa bado mdogo, alifanya kazi kama mhasibu na katibu katika kampuni kadhaa za utayarishaji wa [[filamu]]. Baada ya kupata uzoefu wa kufanya kazi kama [[mwanamitindo]] wa maonyesho ya mavazi, alichaguliwa na Pietro Germi kucheza nafasi ya Agrippina Solmo katika filamu ya ''Jealousy'' (1953). Baada ya kusifiwa na wakosoaji kwa uigizaji wake, aliweza kupata nafasi nyingine zinazofanana na hiyo. Kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1950, Belli alijishughulisha zaidi na kazi za [[televisheni]] na maigizo ya jukwaani. Mwaka 1964, alianzisha kampuni yake mwenyewe. Belli alifariki mjini Frosinone, Italia, tarehe 9 Desemba 2017, akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 84.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0068952/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 5wuuw3tmtnknneye3o15sk17iu8iurm 0 256394 1611935 2026-10-29T17:53:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611935 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Liana Orfei.png|thumb|Liana Orfei]] '''Liana Orfei''' (alizaliwa [[6 Januari]] [[1937]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] na [[msanii]] wa ''sarakasi''. Alishiriki katika zaidi ya [[filamu]] 30 kati ya mwaka 1959 na 1971. == Maisha na kazi == Orfei alizaliwa San Giovanni in Persiceto, akiwa binti na mpwa wa wasanii maarufu wa sarakasi. Tangu utotoni, alianza kushiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali za sarakasi, kama vile kucheza nafasi ya mcheshi, kupanda [[farasi]] na hata kufundisha wanyama wakali. Kazi yake ya uigizaji wa filamu ilianza mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1950, alipocheza nafasi ndogo katika filamu kadhaa za matukio, filamu za aina ya ''peplum'' zinazohusisha mapigano ya upanga na mavazi ya kale, pamoja na filamu za vichekesho. Kwa muda mfupi, alipata nafasi katika utayarishaji mkubwa zaidi wa filamu na kupewa majukumu muhimu zaidi. Alifanya kazi na wakurugenzi kama Ettore Scola, Mario Monicelli, Antonio Pietrangeli na Dino Risi.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0649752/</ref><ref>https://www.circopedia.org/Liana_Orfei</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} dk078upwpw07pxtxz3u9yw2tznvmqdm 0 256395 1611939 2026-10-29T18:51:19Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elena Varzi 54.jpg|thumb|Elena Varzi]] '''Elena Varzi''' ([[21 Desemba]] [[1926]] – [[1 Septemba]] [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Italia]]. == Maisha na kazi == Varzi alizaliwa [[Roma]]. Licha ya kutokuwa na uzoefu wa awali wa kitaalamu katika uigizaji, alianza kazi yake ya filamu kwa kucheza nafasi kuu ya Maria Antonia, [[mwanamke]] kutoka Sicilia, katika filamu ya [[vichekesho]] na drama ya baada ya [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] iitwayo ''It's Forever Springtime'', iliyoongozwa na Renato Castellani na kufuata mtindo wa uhalisia wa Kiitalia. Nafasi yake ya pili ilikuwa ya mwanamke aliyekuwa na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na jambazi kutoka Sicilia katika filamu ya ''Path of Hope'', iliyoongozwa na Pietro Germi. Uigizaji wake ulisifiwa na wakosoaji. Wakati wa utengenezaji wa filamu ya ''The Forbidden Christ'', Varzi alikutana na Raf Vallone, ambaye baadae alimuoa. Hatimaye aliacha kazi ya uigizaji wa filamu na kujitolea kwa maisha ya [[familia]]. Alikuwa mama wa Arabella, Saverio na Eleonora Vallone. Mume wake alifariki mwaka 2002.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0890285/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 6tbaukbqy8qwwrhy8cm8f4a2yhfer6v 0 256396 1611941 2026-10-29T18:59:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Nyaradzo Tsvangirai''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Mhundwa'''; [[24 Aprili]] [[1958]] – [[6 Machi]] [[2009]]) alikuwa mtu mashuhuri katika [[siasa]] za [[Zimbabwe]] na mwanachama maarufu wa chama cha upinzani cha ''Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T).'' Alikuwa mke wa Morgan Tsvangirai, aliyewahi kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Zimbabwe. Ameelezwa kuwa kama mama wa taifa, aliyetoa nguvu na msaada kwa watu akiwa nyuma ya pazia. == Maisha binafsi na kisiasa == Alikulia katika eneo la Gunde, Wilaya ya Buhera, karibu na mgodi wa Dorowa Minerals. Tsvangirai alikutana na mume wake wa baadae, Morgan, mwaka 1976 katika Mgodi wa Nikeli wa Trojan ulioko Bindura, Rhodesia, ambako wakati huo alikuwa akifanya kazi kama msimamizi. Wakati walipokutana, alikuwa amemtembelea mjomba wake.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/mar/09/susan-tsvangirai-zimbabwe-obituary</ref><ref>https://www.smh.com.au/national/pms-loving-wife-used-home-as-a-soup-kitchen-20090311-8v70.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Zimbabwe]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} hxz9ggey3ckwolcum0nxtoijh5tumjm 0 256397 1611942 2026-10-29T19:03:44Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Awa Dioum-Ndiaye''' (pia huandikwa '''N'Diaye'''; alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1961]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] mstaafu wa mbio na michezo ya uwanjani kutoka [[Senegal]]. Katika miaka ya 1980, alishiriki mashindano ya kuruka viunzi, kuruka juu na heptathlon, mashindano yanayohusisha michezo saba tofauti. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kushinda medali ya dhahabu katika mashindano ya kuruka juu kwa [[wanawake]] kwenye Michezo ya Afrika ya mwaka 1987. Pia alishinda Mashindano ya Riadha ya Afrika mara mbili, mwaka 1984 na 1985, akiwa mwanariadha wa kwanza kushinda mashindano hayo mara mbili.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14386154</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ho8nwexuuyj0dc100g52ujzgpbmxxee 0 256398 1611944 2026-10-29T19:13:29Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeanne Dambendzet''' (alizaliwa [[1 Agosti]] [[1943]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]]. Alihudumu katika [[serikali]] ya [[Kongo-Brazzaville]] kuanzia mwaka 1989 hadi 1991, na tena kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2009. Tangu mwaka 2009, amekuwa Makamu wa Kwanza wa Rais wa Baraza la Uchumi na Jamii, taasisi ya serikali. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kongo (PCT), na tangu mwaka 2013 amekuwa Katibu Mtendaji wa Kitaifa wa Shirika la Wanawake wa Kongo, ambalo ni jumuiya ya [[wanawake]] ya PCT. == Historia na mwanzo wa kazi ya kisiasa == Dambendzet alizaliwa Franceville, kusini-mashariki mwa [[Gabon]]. Ana uhusiano wa kifamilia na Rais [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso|Denis Sassou Nguesso]], ambae ni binamu wa kwanza wa mama yake. Wawili hao wamefahamiana tangu utotoni. Alikuwa mwalimu na [[mwanaharakati]] ndani ya chama cha wafanyakazi wa walimu. Pia alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Umoja wa Mapinduzi wa Wanawake wa Kongo (URFC).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120528210546/http://www.brazzaville-adiac.com/index.php?action=depeche&dep_id=7698&oldaction=liste&regpay_id=0&them_id=0&cat_id=0&ss_cat_id=0&LISTE_FROM=0&select_month=0&select_year=0</ref><ref>https://www.bornglorious.com/person/?pi=6172056</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kongo]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} mf6w4x21i7ne70a87c0v6ouan08zqz4 0 256399 1611947 2026-10-29T19:22:21Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611947 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Halima Hachlaf (cropped).jpg|thumb|Halima Hachlaf ]] '''Halima Hachlaf''' (alizaliwa [[6 Septemba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwanariadha]] mkimbiaji kutoka [[Moroko]] anayebobea katika mbio za mita 800. Ni dada mdogo wa Abdelkader Hachlaf, mwanariadha wa kimataifa anayeshiriki mbio za kuruka viunzi na maji. Mwaka [[2009]], alishinda medali za fedha katika mbio za mita 800 kwenye Michezo ya ''Mediterania'' na ''Jeux de la Francophonie''. Rekodi yake binafsi bora katika umbali huo ni dakika 1:58.27. Hachlaf amepigwa marufuku kushiriki mashindano mara mbili katika kipindi cha taaluma yake kutokana na matumizi ya dawa zilizopigwa marufuku michezoni. Kwa sasa anatumikia adhabu ya kusimamishwa kwa miaka sita, inayotarajiwa kumalizika Aprili [[2027]]. == Kazi yake katika mashindano ya vijana == Hachlaf alizaliwa Khénifra na alianza kushiriki mashindano ya kimataifa akiwa na umri mdogo. Alishiriki mbio za mita 800 katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha kwa Vijana ya mwaka [[2003]] akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 14. Alifuzu kwa hatua ya nusu fainali, lakini hakufanikiwa kumaliza mbio hizo.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14290676</ref><ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/122878</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} kn44mec6c5kovbvtmnowhckmtftru3u 0 256400 1611982 2026-10-30T05:43:08Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sarah Maldoror''' (19 Julai [[1929]] – 13 Aprili [[2020]])<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2020/04/13/culturaipsilon/noticia/morreu-sarah-maldoror-pioneira-cinema-africano-1912082</ref> alikuwa mtengenezaji na mwongozaji wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Guadeloupe]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa filamu yake ndefu ya ''Sambizanga'' (1972), inayohusu Vita vya Ukoloni vya Ureno vilivyopiganwa kati ya mwaka 1961 na 1974 nchini Angola...' 1611982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Maldoror''' (19 Julai [[1929]] – 13 Aprili [[2020]])<ref>https://www.publico.pt/2020/04/13/culturaipsilon/noticia/morreu-sarah-maldoror-pioneira-cinema-africano-1912082</ref> alikuwa mtengenezaji na mwongozaji wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Ufaransa]] mwenye asili ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Guadeloupe]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa filamu yake ndefu ya ''Sambizanga'' (1972), inayohusu Vita vya Ukoloni vya Ureno vilivyopiganwa kati ya mwaka 1961 na 1974 nchini [[Angola]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa kwa jina la Sarah Ducados mwaka 1929 katika mji wa Condom, jimbo la [[Gers]], kusini-magharibi mwa Ufaransa. Alikuwa mmoja kati ya watoto wanne katika familia yao. Baba yake alikuwa Mfaransa mweusi kutoka Guadeloupe. Baada ya kifo cha baba yake Sarah akiwa bado mdogo, mama yake aliyekuwa mjane alikabiliwa na changamoto za kuihudumia familia yao kupitia kazi yake ya kufanya usafi katika nyumba za watu. Wakati mwingine, Sarah aliwekwa katika kituo cha kulelea watoto yatima ili apate matunzo<ref>https://www.voaportugues.com/a/sarah-maldoror-pr%C3%A9mio-de-cultura-e-artes-/5672847.html</ref>. == Kuhamia Paris == Kufikia miaka ya 1950, Ducados alikuwa amehamia [[Paris]], ambako alijihusisha na shughuli mbalimbali za kisanii. Alipokuwa akisomea sanaa ya maigizo, yeye pamoja na kundi la wanafunzi wengine weusi walianzisha kikundi cha maigizo kilichoitwa ''Les Griots''. Kikundi hicho kilifanya usomaji wa kazi za Aimé Césaire na kuandaa maonyesho ya tamthilia ya ''Huis Clos'', iliyoandikwa na Jean-Paul Sartre, pamoja na kazi za waandishi wengine kama vile Pushkin na Synge. Paris pia ilikuwa kitovu cha wanaharakati waliopigania uhuru wa nchi za Afrika. Katika kipindi hiki, Ducados alichagua jina la kisanii la Maldoror kutokana na kitabu cha mashairi cha ''Les Chants de Maldoror'', kilichoandikwa na Lautréamont, ambaye jina lake halisi lilikuwa Isidore Ducasse, mshairi wa Kifaransa na Uruguay. Mnamo mwaka 1956, alikutana na mshairi na mwanaharakati wa utaifa wa Angola, Mário Pinto de Andrade, aliyekuwa amesoma mjini Lisbon. Walifunga ndoa na kuwa washirika wa maisha yao yote. Mwaka 1958, Maldoror alimshawishi Jean Genet kuipa kampuni ya Les Griots haki ya kwanza ya kuigiza tamthilia yake mpya iliyoitwa ''Les Nègres''. Tamthilia hiyo iliongozwa na Roger Blin, ambaye alikuwa mwigizaji na mwongozaji wa maigizo. Hatua hiyo ilivutia hisia za wasomi na wasanii mbalimbali. Tamthilia hiyo ilipoanza kuonyeshwa mwaka 1959, gazeti la ''Le Monde'' liliielezea kuwa mojawapo ya kazi za kusisimua za msimu huo. Maldoror na Andrade kwa pamoja walielekeza shughuli zao za uanaharakati barani Afrika. Walialikwa nchini Guinea-Conakry na kiongozi wake mpya, Sékou Touré, ambaye alikuwa amechangia katika kupatikana kwa uhuru wa nchi hiyo. Andrade aliendeleza shughuli zake za kisiasa na kuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA), ambapo pia alikuwa rais wake wa kwanza. Maldoror alikuwa amevutiwa na mashairi ya Usurialisti alipokuwa Paris na alipenda kuchunguza uhusiano kati ya wafuasi wa mkondo huo wa sanaa na wakomunisti wa Ufaransa. Akiwa Guinea, alipata ufadhili wa masomo ya filamu katika Taasisi ya Filamu ya Gerasimov, iliyokuwa ikijulikana pia kama Taasisi ya Maxim Gorky, mjini Moscow. Alisoma na kufanya kazi chini ya Mark Donskoi katika kipindi cha mwaka 1961 hadi 1962. Katika kipindi hicho pia alikutana na Ousmane Sembène, mwandishi maarufu kutoka Senegal ambaye baadaye alijulikana kama ''baba wa sinema ya kisasa ya Afrika''. Sarah Maldoror na Mário Pinto de Andrade walipata watoto wawili wa kike, Annouchka de Andrade, aliyezaliwa mjini Moscow mwaka 1962, na Henda Ducados Pinto de Andrade. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Filamu kwa mwongozaji]] t9x4ydtdlv0sk3fxafteavhztkrdpka 0 256401 1611984 2026-10-30T05:56:10Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611984 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tina Pica 57.png|thumb|Tina Pica]] '''Tina Pica''' ([[7 Februari]] [[1888]] – [[15 Agosti]] [[1968]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] msaidizi wa Kiitalia aliyeigiza wahusika mbalimbali jukwaani. Alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] mwaka 1935 kupitia filamu ya ''The Three-Cornered Hat.'' Katika miaka ya 1950, alipata umaarufu mkubwa kutokana na nafasi yake ya Caramella katika mfululizo wa filamu zilizofanikiwa, ambazo ni ''Bread, Love and Dreams'' (1953), ''Bread, Love and Jealousy (1954), Scandal in Sorrento (1955), Bread, Love and Andalusia (1958),'' pamoja na filamu ya mwisho ''Pane, amore e così'' ''sia'', ambayo haikuwahi kutengenezwa. Mwaka 1955, alishinda [[tuzo]] ya ''Nastro d'Argento'' ya Mwigizaji Bora Msaidizi. == Orodha ya baadhi ya filamu alizoigiza == * ''Carmela, la sartina di Montesanto'' (1916) * ''Ciccio, il pizzaiuolo del Carmine'' (1916) * ''The Three-Cornered Hat'' (1935) kama Assunta, mwanamke wa kawaida (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) * ''Hands Off Me!'' (1937) kama Giulia, mfanyakazi wa nyumbani * ''A Lady Did It'' (1938) kama Teresa, mlinzi wa lango * ''The Marquis of Ruvolito'' (1939) kama Miss Mangialardo <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0681365/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1888]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1968]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cjx48ckr9g0ogcsg0ux9ch4atq5bnbg 0 256402 1611986 2026-10-30T06:09:27Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611986 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Era lui, si, si! (1951) Isa Barzizza.jpg|thumb|Isa Barzizza]] '''Isa Barzizza''' ([[22 Novemba]] [[1929]] – [[28 Mei]] [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] ambaye taaluma yake ya uigizaji ilidumu kwa zaidi ya [[miaka]] 60. == Maisha yake na taaluma == === Maisha ya awali === Barzizza alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Sanremo]]. Alikuwa binti wa kondakta na mtunzi wa [[muziki]] Pippo Barzizza. Alianza kushiriki katika maigizo ya kujifurahisha akiwa na umri mdogo sana. Alifanya maonyesho yake ya kwanza ya kitaalamu akiwa bado [[mwanafunzi]] wa shule ya sekondari. Alifanya kazi hasa na makundi ya waigizaji wa jukwaani yaliyoongozwa na Ruggero Ruggeri, Elsa Merlini na ndugu Eduardo, Peppino na Titina De Filippo.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0059549/</ref><ref>https://www.repubblica.it/spettacoli/cinema/2023/05/29/news/morta_isa_isa_barzizza_affascinante_musa_e_spalla_di_toto-402315128/?ref=RHLF-BG-I402171342-P16-S3-T1</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1929]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} q1119ctnzc43613b9xny1cfv01xfe0h 0 256403 1611989 2026-10-30T06:24:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:La vispa Teresa 2.jpg|thumb|Lilia Silvi]] '''Lilia Silvi''' ([[22 Desemba]] [[1922]] – [[27 Julai]] [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Silvi alikuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji vijana kadhaa waliotambulishwa kama mfano wa Kiitalia wa nyota wa Hollywood Deanna Durbin, alizaliwa [[Kanada]]. Aliigiza pamoja na Amedeo Nazzari, aliekuwa nyota maarufu zaidi wa filamu nchini Italia katika kipindi hicho, katika filamu tano. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == Silvi akiwa pamoja na Renato Rascel katika filamu ya ''Napoleon'' ([[1951]]). * ''Il signor Max (''[[1937]]'')'' * ''Departure (''[[1938]]'')'' * ''Unjustified Absence (''[[1939]]'')'' * ''Then We'll Get a Divorce (''[[1940]]'')'' * ''Big Shoes (''1940'')'' * ''The Secret of Villa Paradiso (''1940'')'' * ''The Jester's Supper (''[[1941]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0799197/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} qvoyvq745960x0em72bn4dgieersh8v 0 256404 1611992 2026-10-30T06:30:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Franca Marzi (cropped).jpg|thumb|Franca Marzi]] '''Franca Marzi''' ([[18 Agosti]] [[1926]] – [[6 Machi]] [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Aliigiza katika filamu 80 kati ya mwaka 1943 na 1977. == Maisha yake na taaluma == Baada ya kufanya kazi katika maonyesho ya [[vichekesho]] na [[muziki]], Marzi alianza kuigiza katika filamu akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] ishirini na kitu, kupitia filamu ya ''The Lovers'' (1946), iliyoongozwa na Giacomo Gentilomo. Kwa kawaida, alipewa nafasi za [[wanawake]] wenye mvuto wa kimapenzi na wanawake waliotumia mvuto wao kuwateka wanaume katika filamu za kimapenzi au za vichekesho. Isipokuwa pekee ilikuwa filamu ya ''drama'' ya ''Federico Fellini, Nights of Cabiria'' (1957), ambapo aliigiza nafasi ya Wanda, kahaba aliyekuwa rafiki wa karibu wa Giulietta Masina. Kwa nafasi hiyo, alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya ''Silver Ribbon'' ya Mwigizaji Bora Msaidizi.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0555807/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 5ei1o9ygc0aqddzk4pjscp7ji6hmej2 0 256405 1611994 2026-10-30T06:38:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ave Ninchi -1950 cropped.png|thumb|Ave Ninchi]] '''Ave Maria Ninchi''' (matamshi ya Kiitalia: [ˈaːve maˈriːa ˈniŋki]; [[14 Desemba]] [[1914]] – [[10 Novemba]] [[1997]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] msaidizi wa Kiitalia aliyeigiza wahusika mbalimbali katika majukwaa ya maonyesho, [[televisheni]] na zaidi ya [[filamu]] 98. Filamu hizo zilijumuisha ''Tomorrow Is Too Late'' ([[1949]]), pamoja na filamu za ''Louis Malle, Murmur of the Heart'' ([[1971]]) na ''Lacombe, Lucien'' ([[1974]]). Ninchi alizaliwa Ancona, [[Italia]]. Alifanya kazi pamoja na baadhi ya nyota wakubwa wa filamu nchini Italia, wakiwemo Sophia Loren, Anna Magnani, Marcello Mastroianni, Alberto Sordi na Gina Lollobrigida. Maigizo yake aliyofanya pamoja na Aldo Fabrizi na Totò yanakumbukwa sana. Taaluma yake ya uigizaji katika [[televisheni]] ilifikia kilele chake katika miaka ya 1960 na [[1970]], aliposhiriki katika baadhi ya vipindi vya televisheni vilivyokuwa na watazamaji wengi zaidi nchini Italia. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == * ''Circo equestre Za-bum (''[[1944]]'') – (sehemu ya “Galop finale al circo”)'' * ''Un giorno nella vita (''[[1946]]'') – Dada Celeste'' * ''Un uomo ritorna (''1946'') – Rafiki wa Adele'' * ''Canto, ma sottovoce... (''1946'') – Laura, mhudumu'' * ''Before Him All Rome Trembled (''1946'') – Nina'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0632425/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1997]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 34yh3in3nahbbhh1xm7vpcx9kvu6mzu 0 256406 1611995 2026-10-30T06:44:32Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611995 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Antonella Lualdi in Cronache di poveri amanti.png|thumb|Antonella Lualdi]] '''Antonella Lualdi''' (jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa '''Antonietta de Pascale''', [[6 Julai]] [[1931]] – [[10 Agosti]] [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Italia]] alizaliwa nchini [[Lebanoni|Lebanon]]. Alishiriki katika filamu nyingi za Kiitalia na Kifaransa katika miaka ya 1950 na 1960. Miongoni mwa filamu hizo ni ''The Red and the Black'' (1954), iliyoongozwa na Claude Autant-Lara. == Maisha yake na taaluma == Lualdi alianza taaluma yake mwaka 1949, baada ya kushinda shindano la kutafuta vipaji vipya lililoandaliwa na jarida la filamu la ''Hollywood''. Katika shindano hilo, alitambulishwa kwa jina la “''Signorina X” (“Miss X”),'' huku wasomaji wa jarida hilo wakialikwa kuchagua jina lake la kisanii. Baada ya kuigiza pamoja na mwigizaji wa Italia Franco Interlenghi katika filamu kadhaa, alifunga naye ndoa mwaka 1955. Wawili hao walipata [[watoto]] wa kike wawili, Stella na Antonellina, ambaye pia ni mwigizaji.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523791/</ref><ref>https://www.discogs.com/artist/2285454-Antonella-Lualdi</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 6fubffyaeywk2f3ub0oa0giz9gd9y74 0 256407 1611996 2026-10-30T06:52:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611996 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Marisa Allasio 1959 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Marisa Allasio]] '''Maria Luisa Lucia “Marisa” Allasio''' (alizaliwa [[14 Julai]] [[1936]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] alifanya kazi katika miaka ya [[1950]]. Aliigiza katika takribani [[filamu]] 20 kati ya mwaka [[1952]] na 1958. Allasio alichukuliwa kuwa alama maarufu ya mvuto wa kimapenzi katika kipindi chake cha uigizaji. Aliacha taaluma ya uigizaji mwaka [[1958]] baada ya kufunga ndoa na ''Count Pier Francesco Calvi di Bergolo'' (alizaliwa [[22 Desemba]] [[1932]] na kufariki mwaka [[2012]]). Alikuwa mwana wa ''Princess Iolanda di Savoia'', mtoto wa kwanza wa Vittorio Emanuele III na Elena del Montenegro. Walipata [[watoto]] wawili: Carlo Giorgio Dmitri Drago Maria Laetitia dei Conti Calvi di Bergolo (alizaliwa mwaka [[1959]], Roma) na Anda Federica Angelica Maria dei Conti Calvi di Bergolo (alizaliwa mwaka [[1962]], [[Roma]]). == Orodha ya filamu alizoigiza == * ''Perdonami! – iliyoongozwa na Mario Costa (''[[1953]]'')'' * ''Sunday Heroes – iliyoongozwa na Mario Camerini (''1953'')'' * ''Cuore di mamma – iliyoongozwa na Luigi Capuano (''[[1954]]'')'' * ''Tragic Ballad – iliyoongozwa na Luigi Capuano (''1954'')'' * ''Girls of Today – iliyoongozwa na Luigi Zampa (''[[1955]]'').'' <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0020124/</ref><ref>https://www.glamourgirlsofthesilverscreen.com/show/560/Marisa+Allasio/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 2pa24g9y6jtu0yo2pydrlr828ez9qqr 0 256408 1611997 2026-10-30T07:01:37Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1611997 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elsa Martinelli 1964.JPG|thumb|Elsa Martinelli]] '''Elsa Martinelli''' (jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa '''Elisa Tia'''; [[30 Januari]] [[1935]] – [[8 Julai]] [[2017]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Italia]]. [[Gazeti]] la ''The Guardian'' lilimtaja kuwa “nyota mwenye uwezo wa kuigiza nafasi mbalimbali katika kipindi cha kimataifa cha ''Hollywood'', ambae kazi zake zilihusisha [[filamu]] za [[vichekesho]] vya kimapenzi, filamu za kihistoria na filamu za kimagharibi za mtindo wa Kiitalia.” Baadae aliigiza pamoja na waigizaji maarufu kama Kirk Douglas, John Wayne, Robert Mitchum, Charlton Heston na Anthony Quinn. Pia alifanya kazi chini ya uongozaji wa wakurugenzi André De Toth, Vittorio De Sica, Howard Hawks na Orson Welles, katika pande zote mbili za Bahari ya Atlantiki. == Orodha ya filamu alizoigiza == Martinelli katika filamu ya ''Donatella'' ([[1956]]). Charles Boyer na Elsa Martinelli katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa Marekani ''The Rogues'' ([[1964]]). Martinelli katika filamu ya ''Rice Girl'' (1956). Martinelli katika filamu ya ''The 10th Victim'' ([[1965]]). Martinelli katika filamu ya ''The Trial'', iliyoongozwa na Orson Welles, pamoja na Anthony Perkins mwaka [[1963]]. * ''The Red and the Black'' ([[1954]]) (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) * ''If You Won a Hundred Million'' (1954) kama Anna (sehemu ya “L'indossatrice”). <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0553349/</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/jul/14/elsa-martinelli-obituary</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1935]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 31xwdsc9l4d5fxqakpig1e95k53tv98 0 256409 1612001 2026-10-30T07:29:13Z Alverdo 93562 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382262179|PAC Omonia 29M]]" 1612001 wikitext text/x-wiki '''PAC Omonia 29M''', inayojulikana pia kama '''Omonia 29M''' au '''ALS Omonia''', ni klabu ya [[mpira wa miguu]] ya [[Nicosia]], [[Kupro]]. Ilianzishwa mwaka 2018 na mashabiki wa AC Omonia waliopinga mabadiliko katika usimamizi wa timu hiyo. Klabu inaendeshwa kwa mfumo wa umiliki wa wanachama.<ref name="cyprusmail">{{cite web|url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2023/06/04/omonia-29m-the-fan-owned-cyprus-club-making-history|title=Omonia 29M: the fan-owned Cyprus club making history|author=Panayiotis Koulloupas|website=Cyprus Mail|date=2023-06-04|access-date=2026-10-30|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == === Kuanzishwa === Kuanzishwa kwa klabu kulitokana na uamuzi wa mwaka 2018 wa kukabidhi haki za usimamizi wa timu ya soka ya AC Omonia kwa mwekezaji Stavros Papastavrou. Baadhi ya mashabiki, wakiwemo wanachama wa kundi la Gate 9, walipinga uamuzi huo kwa sababu walitaka kuendeleza mfumo wa klabu inayomilikiwa na wanachama wake.<ref name="cyprusmail" /> Klabu mpya ilijulikana mwanzoni kama Omonia 1948 kabla ya kubadilishwa jina na kuwa Omonia 29M. Jina hilo linarejelea tarehe 29 Mei 2018, siku ambayo uamuzi kuhusu usimamizi wa timu ya AC Omonia ulitangazwa.<ref name="cyprusmail" /> === Kupanda madaraja === Omonia 29M ilianza kushiriki katika mashindano ya madaraja ya chini ya soka nchini Kupro. Kufikia mwaka 2023, ilikuwa imepanda hadi daraja la pili.<ref name="cyprusmail" /> Katika msimu wa 2023–24, klabu ilifanikiwa kupanda hadi ligi kuu ya Kupro kwa mara ya kwanza, na hivyo kupata nafasi ya kushiriki katika msimu wa 2024–25.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cyp2024.html|title=Cyprus 2023/24|website=RSSSF|access-date=2026-10-30|language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kurejea daraja la pili, timu ilipata tena nafasi ya kupanda ligi kuu katika msimu wa 2025–26. Ilijihakikishia nafasi hiyo tarehe 19 Aprili 2026 baada ya kuifunga Doxa Katokopias mabao 5–1, ikiwa imesalia mechi moja kabla ya mwisho wa mashindano.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.24sports.com.cy/gr/sports/podosfairo/kypros/a-katigoria/omonoia-29-m/omonoia-29m-kai-karmiwtissa-xana-sta-megala-salonia|title=Ομόνοια 29Μ και Καρμιώτισσα ξανά στα μεγάλα σαλόνια!|website=24Sports|date=2026-04-19|access-date=2026-10-30|language=el}}</ref> == Umiliki na mashabiki == Umiliki wa wanachama ni sehemu muhimu ya utambulisho wa Omonia 29M. Kuanzishwa kwake kulihusishwa na msimamo wa mashabiki waliotaka klabu iendelee kuongozwa kwa ushiriki wa wanachama badala ya kuwa chini ya mwekezaji mmoja. Kundi la Gate 9 lilikuwa na nafasi muhimu katika kuanzishwa na kuungwa mkono kwa klabu hiyo.<ref name="cyprusmail" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://o29m.com/ Tovuti rasmi] (kwa Kigiriki) 81830hnss04bv1dcbla69hf2nr2fjq7 0 256410 1612002 2026-10-30T07:30:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612002 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Koscina Ferroviere 2.png|thumb|Sylva Koscina]] '''Sylva Koscina''' (kwa Kiitalia: [ˈsilva ˈkɔʃʃina]; jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa '''Silvija Košćina''', kwa [[Kikroatia]]: [sǐlvija kǒʃtɕina]; [[22 Agosti]] [[1933]] – [[26 Desemba]] [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] alizaliwa [[Yugoslavia]] na baadae kuwa mwigizaji wa [[Italia]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya Iole, mchumba wa Hercules (Steve Reeves), katika filamu za ''Hercules'' (1958) na ''Hercules Unchained'' (1960). Pia aliigiza kama [[mwanamke]] aliekuwa na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na Paul Newman katika filamu ya ''The Secret War of Harry Frigg'' (1968). == Maisha ya awali == Baba yake alikuwa [[Mgiriki]] na mmiliki wa hoteli katika eneo la “West Coast” mjini Split, huku mama yake akiwa na asili ya [[Kipolandi]]. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], alipokuwa katika umri wa kabla ya ujana, Košćina alipelekwa Italia ili kuishi na dada yake mkubwa, ambaye alikuwa ameolewa na raia wa Italia.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0466977/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituaries-sylva-koscina-1388934.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1933]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} mc32doqmx8ydzpj9hmazgh883bxtem6 0 256411 1612003 2026-10-30T07:39:17Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anita Ekberg 1956.jpg|thumb|Anita Ekberg]] '''Kerstin Anita Marianne Ekberg''' ([[29 Septemba]] [[1931]] – [[11 Januari]] [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uswidi]] alieigiza katika [[filamu]] za [[Marekani]] na [[Ulaya]]. Alijulikana kwa uzuri wake na umbo lake la kuvutia. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa kupitia nafasi yake maarufu ya Sylvia katika filamu ya ''La Dolce Vita'' (1960), iliyoongozwa na Federico Fellini. Ekberg alifanya kazi zake nyingi nchini [[Italia]], ambako alipata kibali cha ukaazi wa kudumu mwaka 1964. == Maisha ya awali == Alikuwa mtoto wa sita kati ya [[watoto]] wanane. Katika kipindi cha ujana wake, Anita alifanya kazi kama [[mwanamitindo]] wa mavazi. Kwa kushauriwa na mama yake, Ekberg alishiriki katika shindano la ''Miss'' ''Malmö'' mwaka 1950. Ushiriki huo ulimwezesha kuingia katika shindano la ''Miss Sweden'', ambalo mshindi wake alipatikana kupitia kura zilizopigwa na wasomaji wa jarida la kila wiki la ''VeckoRevyn''. Alishinda shindano hilo. Ingawa alikuwa akizungumza Kiingereza kwa kiwango kidogo sana, alisafiri kwenda Marekani kushiriki katika shindano la kuwania taji la ''Miss Universe'' mwaka 1951. Wakati huo, shindano hilo la urembo halikuwa limepewa hadhi rasmi; lilipata hadhi hiyo mwaka 1952.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001179/</ref><ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Person/13068-Anita-Ekberg</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 8jojm5774atc3co5iazw4x2yy31yz63 0 256412 1612005 2026-10-30T07:45:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Valeria D'Obici.png|thumb|Valeria D'Obici]] '''Valeria D'Obici''' (alizaliwa [[17 Aprili]] [[1944]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] anayeshiriki katika [[filamu]], maigizo ya jukwaani na vipindi vya [[televisheni]]. == Taaluma == Akiwa huko, alipata mafunzo katika kikundi cha maigizo cha Piccolo Teatro, kilichoongozwa na Paolo Grassi. Pia alisomea uigizaji pamoja na watu kadhaa ambao baadae walikuja kuwa washirika wake katika kazi za sanaa. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake, alianzisha ushirika wa maigizo pamoja na wenzake. Alishiriki pia katika ufunguzi wa Salone Pier Lombardo, ambao baadae ulipewa jina la ''Teatro Franco Parenti''. Alibaki katika kikundi hicho kwa takribani miaka sita kabla ya kuhamia [[Roma]]. Kati ya mwaka 1975 na 1977, alikuwa sehemu ya kikundi cha maigizo cha ''Eduardo De Filippo''. Mwaka 1975, alianza kuigiza katika filamu kupitia ''Killer Cop'', filamu ya aina ya ''poliziottesco'' iliyoongozwa na Luciano Ercoli.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0195799/</ref><ref>https://ilmanifesto.it/misteriosa-valeria-dobici</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} o2wu7t5vxgdjqqbrplpn11dwmeyz5q9 0 256413 1612006 2026-10-30T07:51:08Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612006 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Francesca Rettondini''' (alizaliwa [[7 Machi]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Italia]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]]. Anajulikana kimataifa kwa nafasi ya [[mwimbaji]] wa nyimbo za burudani alieitwa Francesca katika filamu ya ''Ghost Ship'' ya mwaka 2002. == Taaluma == Francesca Rettondini alianza kuonekana kwenye televisheni [[mwaka]] 1993 katika [[tamthilia]] ya mfululizo ya Italia iitwayo ''Passions''. Mwaka 1995, alichaguliwa kuigiza katika tamthilia fupi ya vipindi kadhaa iitwayo ''Crazy Family''. Katika mwaka huo huo, alianza kuigiza katika filamu kupitia filamu ya ''Boys of the Night'', iliyoigizwa na Jerry Calà. Mwaka 2002, alikuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wakuu katika filamu ya kutisha ya kampuni ya ''Dark Castle, Ghost Ship'', ambapo aliigiza kama mwimbaji wa nyimbo za burudani alieitwa Francesca. Filamu hiyo ilipata mafanikio ya kimataifa katika soko la [[Marekani]]. Wakati huohuo, aliendelea na kazi zake za televisheni kupitia tamthilia ya kihistoria ya ''Elisa Di Rivombrosa''. Mwaka 2005, alishiriki katika filamu ya ''Il demone del tempo''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0720575/</ref><ref>https://movieplayer.it/news/elisa-di-rivombrosa-chi-sono-personaggi_82578/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 37bqiqi66vcnblfouhuju94kci7o3cd 0 256414 1612007 2026-10-30T07:59:34Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612007 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Custo Barcelona at The Brandery Summer Edition 2010 -2.jpg|thumb|Esther Cañadas]] '''Esther Cañadas''' (matamshi ya Kihispania: [esˈteɾ kaˈɲaðas]; alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1977]] mjini Albacete) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Mwaka 2024, tovuti ya ''Models.com'' ilimjumuisha katika orodha yake ya ''Industry Icons''. Hili ni jina la heshima ambalo tovuti hiyo hulitumia kwa wanamitindo “waliojenga taaluma zenye mafanikio makubwa”. Kundi hilo limewekwa juu ya kundi la Industry Legends, lakini chini ya kundi la ''Supermodels''. == Taaluma == Mwanzoni, Cañadas alitamani kujenga taaluma ya kuwa mtaalamu wa uhalifu, lakini mama yake alimshawishi ajaribu kazi ya uanamitindo. Alianza kufanya kazi kama mwanamitindo alipokuwa kijana, na kwanza alihamia [[Barcelona]], kisha [[Milano|Milan]] na baadae [[Jiji la New York|New York]]. Cañadas amewahi kutembea kwenye majukwaa ya maonyesho ya mavazi kwa wabunifu wengi, wakiwemo Chloé, Gucci, Dolce & Gabbana, Versace, Chanel, Michael Kors, Calvin Klein, Alexander McQueen, Yves Saint Laurent, Valentino, Moschino, Custo Barcelona na Givenchy.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004901/</ref><ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/esther-canadas</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 1qlai1vhe3vk2xz4h41p6bvrz6bube3 0 256415 1612008 2026-10-30T08:07:46Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612008 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Eugenia Silva at 82nd Venice International Film Festival-1 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Eugenia Silva]] '''María Eugenia Silva Hernández-Mancha''' (alizaliwa [[13 Januari]] [[1976]]), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina la ''Eugenia Silva'', ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Amewahi kuwa sura kuu ya matangazo ya nyumba nyingi za mitindo, kama vile Dolce & Gabbana na Oscar de la Renta. == Taaluma == Mara ya kwanza Eugenia Silva kukutana na ulimwengu wa mitindo ilikuwa mwaka 1992, alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16. Alishiriki katika shindano la [[tuzo]] la ''Elite Look of the Year'', jambo lililoanzisha taaluma yake katika tasnia ya mitindo. Eugenia Silva alikulia katika [[familia]] ya wanasheria; Antonio Hernández Mancha ni mjomba wake. Alihitimu shahada ya Sheria katika ''Colegio Universitario Cardenal Cisneros'', taasisi inayohusishwa na [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''Complutense'' cha Madrid. Taaluma yake ilipata mafanikio makubwa baada ya kuhamia [[New York City]], ambako alichaguliwa kuwa sura kuu ya matangazo ya ''Oscar de la Renta''. Katika kipindi chote cha taaluma yake, ameshiriki katika kampeni nyingi za matangazo,<ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/eugenia-silva</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1915679/bio/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} r51sho5amw9puyolsk81526az5dnfnl 0 256416 1612009 2026-10-30T08:14:11Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612009 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Andrés Velencoso at Premios Goya 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Andrés Velencoso ]] '''Andrés Velencoso Segura''' (alizaliwa [[11 Machi]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kushiriki katika kampeni za matangazo ya bidhaa kama vile manukato ya ''Chanel Allure Homme Sport'' na kampeni ya ''Louis Vuitton'' aliyoshiriki pamoja na Jennifer Lopez mwaka 2003. Mwezi Juni 2009, alishika nafasi ya sita katika orodha ya ''Top Icons Men'' ya tovuti ya ''MODELS.com'', akiwa pamoja na wanamitindo wa kiume Mathias Lauridsen, Tyson Ballou na Mark Vanderloo. Kwa sasa, anashika nafasi ya 16 katika orodha ya wanamitindo 25 wanaolipwa zaidi, iitwayo ''The Money Guys'', akiwafuata raia wenzake Oriol Elcacho na Jon Kortajarena. == Maisha ya awali == Andrés Velencoso alizaliwa katika manispaa ya Ledaña, nchini Hispania, katika jimbo la Cuenca. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15, alihamia Tossa de Mar, katika jimbo la Girona.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1846255/</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/andres-velencoso-segura</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cjzeodbkrj2dno12v6nbzq6cs9p7uxd 0 256417 1612011 2026-10-30T08:17:36Z ACELMAO 93564 makala hii ni mbegu 1612011 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dar es salaam sekondari''' ni [[shule]] ya sekondari ya wavulana kwa wasichana iliyoko mkoa wa [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]] , [[Tanzania|Tanzania.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onlinesys.necta.go.tz/results/2025/csee/results/s1045.htm|work=onlinesys.necta.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Orodha Ya Shule Za Sekondari Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam, Matokeo, Majina ya Waliochaguliwa na Utaratibu wa Kujiunga na Masomo - Zoteforum|url=https://zoteforum.com/orodha-ya-shule-za-sekondari-mkoa-wa-dar-es-salaam/|date=2025-05-17|accessdate=2026-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/popular/dar-es-salaam-secondary-school/?hl=en|work=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2026-10-30}}</ref> == Masomo yanayotolewa == * Hisabati * Kiswahili * Kingereza * Jiographia * Kemia * Fizikia * Historia * Historia ya Tanzania na Maadili * Biashara == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Taasisi za elimu]] [[Jamii:Elimu ya Tanzania]] d9fbdpbigxnhmxlrwiyfwiihplo9z98 1612054 1612011 2026-10-30T10:08:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1612054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dar es salaam sekondari''' ni [[shule]] ya sekondari ya wavulana kwa wasichana iliyoko mkoa wa [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]] , [[Tanzania|Tanzania.]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://onlinesys.necta.go.tz/results/2025/csee/results/s1045.htm|work=onlinesys.necta.go.tz|accessdate=2026-10-30}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Orodha Ya Shule Za Sekondari Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam, Matokeo, Majina ya Waliochaguliwa na Utaratibu wa Kujiunga na Masomo - Zoteforum|url=https://zoteforum.com/orodha-ya-shule-za-sekondari-mkoa-wa-dar-es-salaam/|date=2025-05-17|accessdate=2026-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Instagram|url=https://www.instagram.com/popular/dar-es-salaam-secondary-school/?hl=en|work=www.instagram.com|accessdate=2026-10-30}}</ref> == Masomo yanayotolewa == * Hisabati * Kiswahili * Kingereza * Jiographia * Kemia * Fizikia * Historia * Historia ya Tanzania na Maadili * Biashara == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Taasisi za elimu]] [[Jamii:Elimu ya Tanzania]] b87dqvhjx3wuyza0ncydsmln7kjqbo7 0 256418 1612014 2026-10-30T08:21:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612014 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Marina Perez 2008.jpg|thumb|Marina Perez]] '''Marina Carolina Pérez''' (alizaliwa [[31 Julai]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Amewahi kuwa sura kuu ya matangazo ya bidhaa za Jimmy Choo, ''Alessandro Dell'Acqua'', Prada, Pucci, Moschino, Giorgio Armani, St. John na Marc Jacobs. == Maisha ya awali na taaluma == Kwa kutiwa moyo na mama yake, Pérez alianza kazi ya uanamitindo akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 11, akipiga picha kwa ajili ya katalogi na matangazo mbalimbali. Alianza kutembea kwenye jukwaa la maonyesho ya mavazi katika maonyesho ya msimu wa vuli mjini [[Madrid]] kwa mbunifu Miguel Palacio. Pia alionekana kwenye jalada lake la kwanza la jarida, ambalo lilikuwa jarida la Kihispania la Elle. Alipata kutambulika zaidi baada ya kutunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya uanamitindo ya ''L'Oréal'' katika maonyesho ya ''Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week''. Tangu wakati huo, ameendelea kufanya kazi katika tasnia ya uanamitindo.<ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/marina-prez</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180824080158/http://nymag.com/fashion/models/mperes/marinaperes/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} m0m4to5xorkvuesc6y7zp5f39vyr12c 0 256419 1612015 2026-10-30T08:29:57Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Judit Mascó, XII Premis Gaudí (2020).jpg|thumb|Judit Mascó]] '''Judit Mascó i Palau''' (alizaliwa [[12 Oktoba]] [[1969]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa Kihispania, [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka Barcelona, [[Hispania]]. == Wasifu == === Uanamitindo === ==== Taaluma ya awali ==== Mascó alikulia katika [[familia]] ya tabaka la kati. Alikuwa binti wa mkuu wa shule. Alianza kujulikana akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 13 kupitia tangazo la [[televisheni]]. Alianza mafunzo ya uanamitindo katika shule ya ''Francina International Modeling Agency''. ==== Taaluma ya kimataifa ==== Mascó alionekana kwenye toleo la mwaka 1990 la jarida la ''Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue'' akiwa mwanamitindo wa jalada. Pia alionekana katika matoleo ya mwaka 1991, 1992, 1994 na 1995. Jalada hilo lilimfanya ajulikane duniani kote na kupata mikataba ya matangazo ya bidhaa mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Max Mara, Laurèl'' ya ''Escada, Armand Bassi, Betty Barclay, Georges Rech, Mango, Majestic'' na ''Palmers Lingerie.''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0556231/</ref><ref>https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/swimsuit-issue-1990-model-judit-masco-poses-for-the-1990-news-photo/81993217</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} q6ftr4inofq6du2h1baupu0wodlrctp 1612016 1612015 2026-10-30T08:32:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1612016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Judit Mascó, XII Premis Gaudí (2020).jpg|thumb|Judit Mascó]] '''Judit Mascó i Palau''' (alizaliwa [[12 Oktoba]] [[1969]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa Kihispania, [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka Barcelona, [[Hispania]]. == Wasifu == Mascó alikulia katika [[familia]] ya tabaka la kati. Alikuwa binti wa mkuu wa shule. Alianza kujulikana akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 13 kupitia tangazo la [[televisheni]]. Alianza mafunzo ya uanamitindo katika shule ya ''Francina International Modeling Agency''. ==== Taaluma ya kimataifa ==== Mascó alionekana kwenye toleo la mwaka 1990 la jarida la ''Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue'' akiwa mwanamitindo wa jalada. Pia alionekana katika matoleo ya mwaka 1991, 1992, 1994 na 1995. Jalada hilo lilimfanya ajulikane duniani kote na kupata mikataba ya matangazo ya bidhaa mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Max Mara, Laurèl'' ya ''Escada, Armand Bassi, Betty Barclay, Georges Rech, Mango, Majestic'' na ''Palmers Lingerie.''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0556231/</ref><ref>https://www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/swimsuit-issue-1990-model-judit-masco-poses-for-the-1990-news-photo/81993217</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} dt2w2xg49ukya2vix9ouxlag5lh6lcg 0 256420 1612017 2026-10-30T08:38:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612017 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Inés Sastre at Ira von Fürstenberg funeral - Rome - February 2024 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Inés Sastre]] '''Inés Sastre Moratón''' (alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1973]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Wasifu == Mwaka 1985, akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 12, alianza kazi yake baada ya kuchaguliwa kushiriki katika tangazo la chakula cha haraka ''McDonald's''. Mwaka 1988, Sastre alijitokeza kwa mara ya kwanza katika filamu kupitia ''El Dorado'' (1988), iliyoongozwa na Carlos Saura. Mwaka 1989, Sastre alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya ''Look of the Year'' na kundi la ''Elite Model Agency''. Ingawa alipewa nafasi ya kuanza taaluma ya uanamitindo wakati huo, alichagua kuendelea na masomo yake. Sastre alisoma katika ''The Sorbonne'', iliyoko [[Paris]]. Mbali na Kihispania, anazungumza kwa ufasaha Kifaransa, Kiingereza na Kiitaliano. Mwaka 1996, Sastre alimrithi Isabella Rossellini kama mwanamitindo mwakilishi wa bidhaa ya manukato ya ''Trésor'' ya kampuni ya Lancôme.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0766046/</ref><ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/ines-sastre</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} iilhjn3zu8rbgrwy2ilqocjjq313atc 0 256421 1612018 2026-10-30T08:48:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Esther Julia Arroyo Bermúdez''' (alizaliwa Cádiz, [[29 Machi]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alitawazwa kuwa ''Miss Spain'' 1990 na kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'' 1991. == Safari ya maisha na taaluma == Baada ya kushinda mashindano ya Miss Spain, alionekana katika vipindi vingi vya [[televisheni]] akiwa mtangazaji, kama vile Homo Zapping, na mshiriki wa vipindi, kama vile ''Sabor a ti.'' Pia aliigiza katika misururu mingi ya televisheni. Jukumu lake maarufu zaidi lilikuwa kucheza nafasi ya Ali katika kipindi cha ''Periodistas'' kuanzia mwaka 1998 hadi 2002. Tarehe 10 Oktoba 2008, alipata ajali ya gari akiwa pamoja na mwimbaji Ana Torroja, baada ya gari lingine kugonga gari lao. Mume wake ndiye aliyekuwa akiendesha gari, naye alikuwa ameketi kiti cha abiria wa mbele. Rafiki yake mmoja alifariki katika ajali hiyo, na hadi sasa bado anachechemea kutokana na majeraha aliyoyapata. Oktoba 2016, alikua mmoja wa washiriki wa kipindi cha mashindano ya kuiga waimbaji maarufu, ''Tu cara me suena'', kilichorushwa na kituo cha televisheni cha Antena 3.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0037429/</ref><ref>https://www.elconfidencial.com/television/2016-09-01/esther-arroyo-razones-fichaje-tu-cara-me-suena-invalidez-absoluta_1253589/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} nrxmbo4k0wbmcmsgokhgyeqc04ap9wi 0 256422 1612020 2026-10-30T08:57:58Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612020 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nati Abascal.jpg|thumb|Nati Abascal]] '''Natividad Abascal y Romero-Toro''' (alizaliwa [[2 Aprili]] [[1943]], mjini [[Sevilla|Seville]], [[Hispania]]), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina la '''Naty Abascal''', ambae zamani alijulikana kama Duchess of Feria, ni mwanajamii maarufu na [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani kutoka Hispania. Amekuwa mwanachama wa orodha ya watu waliovalia mavazi bora zaidi duniani (''International'' ''Best Dressed List'') tangu mwaka 1984. == Wasifu == Naty Abascal ni binti wa Domingo Abascal y Fernández, [[mwanasheria]] tajiri na mmiliki wa shamba kubwa la mizeituni huko Andalusia, na mke wake María Natividad Romero-Toro y Noriega. Pia ni mjukuu wa Joaquín Romero y de Ochoa, Marquis wa tatu wa Romero-Toro, cheo cha heshima kilichotolewa na Papa. Alizaliwa akiwa na dada yake pacha katika [[familia]] iliyokuwa na watoto 12. Taaluma yake ya uanamitindo ilianza baada ya mbunifu wa mavazi wa Hispania, Elio Berhanyer, kumwomba yeye na dada yake pacha, Ana María Abascal, waonyeshe baadhi ya miundo yake ya mavazi katika Maonyesho ya Kimataifa yaliyofanyika [[New York]] mwaka 1964.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0007707/</ref><ref>https://www.revistavanityfair.es/sociedad/articulos/naty-abascal-madre-hijos/49909</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 2z2ddyvvw14yiohe5jt3c0vcr4j6wb8 0 256423 1612022 2026-10-30T09:04:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612022 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Vanesa Lorenzo en la inauguración de la exposición en la Sala Canal de Isabel II del modisto Manuel Pertegaz (2).jpg|thumb|Vanesa Lorenzo]] '''Vanesa Lorenzo''' (alizaliwa [[7 Januari]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Ameonekana katika [[magazeti]] na majarida mbalimbali kama vile Vogue, ''ELLE, Cosmopolitan, Glamour'' na ''Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Edition.'' == Taaluma == === Uanamitindo === Lorenzo alianza kazi ya uanamitindo akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] kumi. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 17, aliondoka Hispania na kwenda [[Paris]], ambako wakala mmoja wa eneo hilo aliamini kuwa umbo lake na sifa zake zingemwezesha kufanikiwa katika uanamitindo. Siku iliyofuata baada ya kuwasili, alipelekwa [[London]] kwa haraka ili kupiga picha za kampeni ya matangazo ya ''Pepe Jeans''. Baada ya hapo, alianza kufanya kazi katika soko la kimataifa. Aliishi Paris kwa miaka mitatu, lakini kila mara alirudi Hispania kwa sababu ya [[familia]] yake iliyokuwa [[Barcelona]]. Kwa sasa, Lorenzo anaishi [[Jiji la New York|New York City]]. Lorenzo alisajiliwa na wakala wa uanamitindo wa Group akiwa na umri mdogo. Alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya uanamitindo ya ''Elite Look of the Year'' alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16.<ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/vanesa-lorenzo</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520852/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} bu8hz6qd8thetswgd0eq4qn5s7nd79k 0 256424 1612023 2026-10-30T09:10:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Márquez''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1985]], mjini Vitoria-Gasteiz, Hispania) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Taaluma == Aligunduliwa kama mwanamitindo baada ya rafiki yake kusisitiza kwamba aende kukutana na wakala wake katika kampuni ya ''Traffic Models'', iliyoko [[Madrid]]. Mwaka 2006, baada ya kusaini [[mkataba]] na ''Women Management'', alihamia [[New York]] ili kuendeleza taaluma yake ya uanamitindo. Februari 2007, alifanya maonyesho yake ya kwanza katika onesho la mavazi la [[Gucci]] mjini [[Milano|Milan]], akiwa mwanamitindo maalumu aliyechaguliwa pekee kwa onesho hilo. Baadae, alikua sura kuu ya kampeni ya mavazi ya msimu wa vuli wa mwaka 2007 ya ''Alessandro Dell'Acqua''. Alishika nafasi ya saba katika orodha ya wanamitindo kumi bora wa msimu wa vuli wa mwaka 2007 iliyochapishwa na ''V Magazine.com''. Kwa kufanya hivyo, alijiunga na mwanamitindo mwenzake kutoka Hispania, Marina Perez, katika orodha fupi ya wanamitindo wa Hispania wanaofanya kazi katika tasnia ya mavazi ya hadhi ya juu duniani.<ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/sheila-marquez</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/Sheila-Marquez</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} a8q5q3f0i75x8iaqnqz9k0d3m5eadzh 0 256425 1612024 2026-10-30T09:18:17Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612024 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Lottie Nomonde Chinamano''' ([[16 Februari]] [[1925]] – [[2 Januari]] [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa chama cha ZANU-PF na mke wa Josiah Mushore Chinamano. Alizaliwa mjini [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Cape Town na kusomea katika Chuo cha Mafunzo ya Ualimu cha Maria Zell, kilichopo ''Matatiele'', katika eneo lililokuwa likijulikana wakati huo kama ''East Griqualand''. Mwaka 1948, alianza kufundisha katika shule ya Lourdes, iliyokuwa kwenye mpaka kati ya maeneo ya Cape na Natal. Mwaka 1949, alipokuwa likizoni mjini [[Port Elizabeth]], alikutana na [[mwanaharakati]] wa utaifa wa [[Zimbabwe]], Josiah Chinamano. Walifunga ndoa mwaka 1950 na muda mfupi baadae walihamia Rhodesia, ambako alifundisha katika Taasisi ya Waddilove, karibu na Marandellas, kilomita 60 mashariki mwa Salisbury. Mwaka 1964, alizuiliwa katika Kambi ya Vizuizi ya ''Gonakudzingwa'', karibu na mpaka wa [[Msumbiji]], pamoja na mume wake. Katika kipindi cha miaka kumi kilichofuata, aliendelea kuingia na kutoka katika vituo vya kizuizini. Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo, aliyekuwa kiongozi wa vijana na [[mwanafunzi]], pia aliwahi kuzuiliwa katika kambi hiyo kwa muda.<ref>https://www.colonialrelic.com/biographies/ruth-chinamano/</ref><ref>https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/ruth-chinamano-selfless-unwavering-cadre/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2005]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} kf6b7irjy6vkywpuiqfrnazc0v2kdi4 0 256426 1612025 2026-10-30T09:21:15Z Score Beethoven 26647 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Picha:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|thumb|right|Kitabu ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'']] '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (kwa Kiswahili: ''Mimi, Mtutsi wa mwisho'') ni [[kitabu]] cha ushuhuda kilichoandikwa na Charles Habonimana pamoja na Daniel Le Scornet. Kilichapishwa mwaka 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]] na shirika la uchapishaji Plon. Kinasimulia maisha ya mwandishi wakati wa [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi]] mwaka 1994. == Yaliyomo...' 1612025 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|thumb|right|Kitabu ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'']] '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (kwa Kiswahili: ''Mimi, Mtutsi wa mwisho'') ni [[kitabu]] cha ushuhuda kilichoandikwa na Charles Habonimana pamoja na Daniel Le Scornet. Kilichapishwa mwaka 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]] na shirika la uchapishaji Plon. Kinasimulia maisha ya mwandishi wakati wa [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi]] mwaka 1994. == Yaliyomo == Charles Habonimana alizaliwa mwaka 1982 huko Mayunzwe, kusini mwa [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gc2019">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2019/04/13/moi-le-dernier-des-tutsis/ |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Le Grand Continent |author=Camille Stuckel |date=2019-04-13 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 1994 alikuwa na umri wa miaka 12.<ref name="ja">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n'ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Tarehe 24 Aprili 1994, wauaji walimuua baba yake, Célestin, mbele ya macho yake. Walimuua pia Fidel, ndugu wa familia. Mama yake, Odette, na wengi wa ndugu zake waliuawa pia.<ref name="ja" /> Sebuhuku alikuwa kiongozi wa wauaji kijijini. Sebuhuku aliamua kwamba Charles asiuawe mara moja. Alitaka Charles awe « Mtutsi wa mwisho ». Charles angeuawa baada ya Watutsi wengine wote wa eneo hilo.<ref name="ja" /><ref name="gc2024">{{Cite web |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2024/04/07/la-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-une-liste-de-lectures/ |title=Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : une liste de lectures |website=Le Grand Continent |author1=Florian Louis |author2=Anthony Guyon |date=2024-04-07 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Sebuhuku aliua familia ya Charles. Lakini Sebuhuku pia alikuwa mlinzi wa Charles. Francine, mke wa Sebuhuku, alimlinda Charles kadiri alivyoweza.<ref name="ja" /> Kitabu kinazungumzia pia hotuba ya [[Theodore Sindikubwabo|Théodore Sindikubwabo]]. Hotuba hiyo ilitolewa huko [[Butare]] tarehe 19 Aprili 1994. Baada ya hotuba hiyo, majirani Wahutu walianza kuwaua Watutsi.<ref name="ja" /> Charles alinusurika mauaji ya kimbari. == Uandishi == Kwa miaka mingi, Charles alitoa ushuhuda wake kwa mdomo katika mikutano duniani kote. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, alianza kuandika ushuhuda wake kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]. Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2016, alikutana na Daniel Le Scornet nchini Ufaransa. Wawili hao waliamua kuandika kitabu kwa [[Kifaransa]].<ref name="ja" /> == Uchapishaji == Kitabu kilichapishwa na Plon mwezi Machi 2019.<ref name="gc2019" /> Mwezi Aprili 2019, gazeti la ''Jeune Afrique'' lilifanya mahojiano na Charles Habonimana kuhusu kitabu chake.<ref name="ja" /> Mwaka 2024, jarida la ''Le Grand Continent'' liliweka kitabu hiki kwenye orodha ya vitabu vinavyopendekezwa kuhusu mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi.<ref name="gc2024" /> == Matoleo == * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |year=2019 |isbn=978-2-259-27719-8 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Pocket |year=2020 |isbn=978-2-266-30026-1 |language=fr}} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-kitabu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moi, le dernier Tutsi}} [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mauaji ya kimbari]] g5guxb7o0tgasei5ic2d5771bjlyk5e 0 256427 1612026 2026-10-30T09:24:35Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kabakumba, Masiko Labwoni.jpg|thumb|Kabakumba, Masiko Labwoni]] '''Princess Kabakumba Labwoni Masiko''' (alizaliwa [[20 Oktoba]] [[1966]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uganda]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Ofisi ya Rais katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Uganda. Aliteuliwa kushika nafasi hiyo tarehe 27 Mei 2011, akichukua nafasi ya Beatrice Wabudeya, ambaye aliondolewa katika Baraza la Mawaziri. Katika wadhifa huo, pia alihudumu kama Waziri wa Masuala ya Jiji Kuu la Kampala na Maeneo ya Miji ya Pembezoni. Alijiuzulu kutoka katika nyadhifa zote mbili tarehe 14 Desemba 2011, kufuatia tuhuma za wizi na matumizi mabaya ya madaraka. Pia aliwahi kuwa [[Mbunge]] wa Jimbo la Bujenje katika Wilaya ya Masindi hadi alipopoteza kiti hicho katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2016. == Maisha binafsi == Kabakumba Masiko ameolewa na Meja Jenerali Henry Masiko, Kamishna wa Siasa wa [[Jeshi]] la Ulinzi la Wananchi wa Uganda (UPDF) katika Makao Makuu ya Pamoja ya Jeshi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110807073411/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/758650</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16181387</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} idah9o7lunqdeoi9eqtm07u7oy9xik3 0 256428 1612028 2026-10-30T09:34:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612028 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sarah Obama 2014.jpg|thumb|Sarah Obama]] '''Sarah Onyango Obama''' ([[1922]] – [[29 Machi]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwalimu]] na mfadhili kutoka [[Kenya]]. Alikuwa mke wa tatu wa Hussein Onyango Obama, babu wa upande wa baba wa rais wa [[Marekani]] [[Barack Obama]]. Pia alisaidia kumlea baba yake, Barack Obama Sr. Alijulikana kwa jina fupi la Sarah Obama na wakati mwingine aliitwa '''Sarah Ogwel''', '''Sarah Hussein Obama''' au '''Sarah Anyango Obama'''. Aliishi katika kijiji cha Nyang'oma Kogelo, kilomita 48 magharibi mwa [[Kisumu]], jiji kuu la magharibi mwa Kenya, kandokando ya [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]]. == Wasifu == Akiwa mwanamke kijana, Sarah Obama alisaidia kumlea mtoto wake wa kambo, Barack Obama Sr. Aliamini sana umuhimu wa elimu bora ya awali na mara kwa mara alimpeleka shule ya msingi kwa kutumia baiskeli yake ili apate elimu ambayo yeye mwenyewe hakupata nafasi ya kuipata.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200408160533.html?page=2</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080604144256/http://www.suntimes.com/news/politics/obama/familytree/545459,BSX-News-wotreeu09.article</ref><ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/29/africa/barack-obama-grandmother-dies-kenya-intl/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Walimu]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 9mxc5gzqmn9qegigneqwgwvzmlv25nf 0 256429 1612029 2026-10-30T09:41:41Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''John Taylor''' (1757–1832) alikuwa mtaalamu wa macho, mkosoaji wa maigizo, mhariri mkuu na mwishowe mchapishaji wa magazeti, ambaye labda ni maarufu zaidi kwa kumbukumbu za kifo chake zilizoitwa ''Records of My Life''. == Maisha == Taylor alifundishwa na Dk. Crawford huko Hatton Garden kabla ya kuhudhuria shule huko Ponders End, [[Middlesex]]. Kama mjukuu wa mtaalamu wa macho wa Mfalme, ambaye pia aliitwa John Taylor, Taylor mdogo aliteuliwa kuwa mt...' 1612029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Taylor''' (1757–1832) alikuwa mtaalamu wa macho, mkosoaji wa maigizo, mhariri mkuu na mwishowe mchapishaji wa magazeti, ambaye labda ni maarufu zaidi kwa kumbukumbu za kifo chake zilizoitwa ''Records of My Life''. == Maisha == Taylor alifundishwa na Dk. Crawford huko Hatton Garden kabla ya kuhudhuria shule huko Ponders End, [[Middlesex]]. Kama mjukuu wa mtaalamu wa macho wa Mfalme, ambaye pia aliitwa John Taylor, Taylor mdogo aliteuliwa kuwa mtaalamu wa macho kwa zamu yake, pamoja na ndugu yake, wakati wa utawala wa George III. Baadaye aliandika ukosoaji wa maigizo kwa ajili ya gazeti la ''The Morning Post'', na hatimaye akawa mhariri wake. Mabadiliko yake ya mwisho ya kazi yalikuwa katika sekta ya uchapishaji, aliponunua gazeti la ''True Briton'', na kisha ''The Sun'', gazeti lenye msimamo mkali wa Tory, mnamo 1813. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1757]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1832]] r78nhv4mh2dlzf3jk4rc0igf7yi7xdr 0 256430 1612030 2026-10-30T09:42:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612030 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Judith Todd - Cape Town Press Club - 25 May 2007.jpg|thumb|Judith Todd]] '''Judith Todd''' (alizaliwa [[18 Machi]] [[1943]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa kisiasa mwenye asili ya [[Zimbabwe]] na [[New Zealand]]. Yeye ni binti wa pili wa Sir Garfield Todd, aliyekuwa waziri mkuu wa [[Southern Rhodesia]] (1908–2002). == Wasifu == Alipata elimu yake katika shule ya wasichana ya ''Queen Elizabeth''. Baba yake, mmishonari Reginald Stephen Garfield Todd, alihudumu kama waziri mkuu kuanzia mwaka 1953 hadi 1958. Mama yake, Jean Grace Wilson Todd, alibuni na kutekeleza mfumo wa elimu kwa Waafrika wa Southern Rhodesia. Judith Todd mwaka 1965. Todd alianza kujihusisha na harakati za kisiasa mwanzoni mwa [[miaka]] ya 1960, alipojiunga na vuguvugu la utaifa wa watu weusi kwa kuwa mwanachama wa ''National Democratic Party (NDP''), chama kilichoanzishwa mwaka 1960.<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1556950/Robert-Mugabe-critic-raped.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080725143905/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article2510767.ece</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa New Zealand]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 8tjobiwsf65hpw4rc2r0hq0s2xdd5qw 3 256431 1612031 2026-10-30T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612031 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oeeqlj0uwo5561j2kg4wxx6iyr0vs8l 3 256432 1612032 2026-10-30T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612032 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oeeqlj0uwo5561j2kg4wxx6iyr0vs8l 3 256433 1612033 2026-10-30T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612033 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oeeqlj0uwo5561j2kg4wxx6iyr0vs8l 3 256434 1612034 2026-10-30T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612034 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oeeqlj0uwo5561j2kg4wxx6iyr0vs8l 3 256435 1612035 2026-10-30T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612035 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) oeeqlj0uwo5561j2kg4wxx6iyr0vs8l 3 256436 1612036 2026-10-30T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612036 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256437 1612037 2026-10-30T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612037 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256438 1612038 2026-10-30T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612038 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256439 1612039 2026-10-30T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612039 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256440 1612040 2026-10-30T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612040 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256441 1612041 2026-10-30T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612041 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) j7s27vgbieuixre2glkve4fdtw91du4 3 256442 1612042 2026-10-30T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612042 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256443 1612043 2026-10-30T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612043 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256444 1612044 2026-10-30T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612044 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256445 1612045 2026-10-30T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612045 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256446 1612046 2026-10-30T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612046 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256447 1612047 2026-10-30T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612047 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ozhzmd1altovjmklhqog3yeb5xhy7i6 3 256448 1612048 2026-10-30T09:51:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612048 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 30 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) c586cxa37bpl04yaie7ch8i5nuc7maq 0 256449 1612049 2026-10-30T09:52:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra Laing''' (alizaliwa [[26 Novemba]] [[1955]]) ni [[mwanamke]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye mamlaka zilimuweka katika kundi la watu wa jamii mchanganyiko (''Coloured'') chini ya mfumo wa apartheid, kutokana na rangi ya ngozi yake na aina ya nywele zake. Hata hivyo, katika kumbukumbu rasmi, aliorodheshwa kuwa mtoto wa watu waliokuwa wametambuliwa kuwa weupe kwa angalau vizazi vitatu vilivyomtangulia. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 10, alifukuzwa kutoka shule yake iliyokuwa ya wanafunzi weupe pekee. Maamuzi ya mamlaka yaliyotegemea mwonekano wake wa kimwili yaliathiri maisha ya [[familia]] yake pamoja na maisha yake ya utu uzima. Laing alikuwa mhusika mkuu wa [[filamu]] ya maigizo ya wasifu ya mwaka 2008 iliyoitwa Skin, iliyoongozwa na Anthony Fabian na kushinda [[tuzo]] nyingi. Aidha, maisha yake yameangaziwa katika makala za [[televisheni]] na filamu za hali halisi zifuatazo: ''In Search of Sandra Laing'' (1977), iliyoongozwa na Anthony Thomas kwa ajili ya BBC, ambayo ilipigwa marufuku na [[serikali]] ya apartheid ya wakati huo; ''Sandra Laing: A Spiritual Journey (''2000'');'' na ''Skin Deep: The Story of Sandra Laing (''2009'').''<ref>https://www.skinthemovie.net/site2/</ref><ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/409798388_Skin_Deep_The_Story_of_Sandra_Laing</ref><ref>https://www.journeyman.tv/film_documents/707/transcript/</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt39395701/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} jf9345o8wcp5iszdsmo0k0wpd7f8weg 0 256450 1612052 2026-10-30T10:00:16Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stella Unuezi Omu''' (alizaliwa [[22 Desemba]] [[1946]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Nigeria]] aliyechaguliwa kuwa seneta kupitia chama cha ''People's Democratic Party (PDP'') mwaka 1999, akiwakilisha Jimbo la Uchaguzi la Useneta la Delta Kusini katika [[Jimbo la Delta]]. == Historia yake == Omu ana asili ya jamii ya Isoko. Alizaliwa tarehe 22 Desemba 1946. Mume wake ni Meja Jenerali mstaafu Paul Omu, ambaye hapo awali alikuwa Gavana wa Kijeshi wa Jimbo la Kusini-Mashariki la Nigeria. Ana [[watoto]] sita: mabinti watatu na wavulana watatu. Aliwahi kuwa Naibu Mdhibiti Mkuu Msaidizi wa ''Nigerian Immigration Service''. Alistaafu kutoka katika utumishi wa umma akiwa Mdhibiti wa ''Prisons Service''. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa kamati ya ugawaji wa madaraka katika [[Bunge]] la Katiba la mwaka 1994–1995.<ref>https://guardian.ng/tag/stella-omu/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} ou37r8pu1zxmuttnm29ig26xbrx0nrw 0 256451 1612053 2026-10-30T10:08:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helen U. Esuene''' (alizaliwa [[23 Novemba]] [[1949]]) ni mtumishi wa zamani wa umma nchini [[Nigeria]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Afya, na baadae akawa Waziri wa Mazingira na Makazi katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Rais [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], kati ya mwaka 2005 na 2007. == Historia yake == Esuene alisomea kozi ya Ukatibu wa Siri na Usimamizi wa Ofisi katika Kituo cha Mafunzo cha Shirikisho kilichopo Kaduna, kisha akaanza kazi yake katika utumishi wa umma akiwa katibu wa siri. Baadae, alisoma kwa njia ya masafa katika ''University of Leicester'' na kupata [[shahada ya uzamili]] ya sayansi (MSc) katika fedha. Muda mfupi baadae, aliolewa na aliyekuwa gavana wa kijeshi wa Jimbo la zamani la Cross River, Chief Udoakaha Esuene, aliyefariki mwaka 1996. Walikuwa na [[watoto]] watano: wasichana wawili na wavulana watatu.<ref>https://blueprint.ng/helen-esuene-dapo-sarumi-where-are-they-now/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200912140759.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} otfgdd4ugvwk8m12xdd5xxwzfpdi8uh 0 256452 1612055 2026-10-30T10:19:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rita Akpan''' (alizaliwa [[28 Septemba]] [[1944]] huko Akwa Ibom) ni [[mwalimu]] kutoka [[Nigeria]] aliewahi kuwa [[Waziri]] wa Shirikisho wa Masuala ya [[Wanawake]] katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Rais [[Olusegun Obasanjo]], kuanzia Julai 2003 hadi Juni 2005. == Kazi yake == Kuanzia mwaka 1968 hadi 1986, Rita alifanya kazi katika ''American International School'', iliyopo Victoria Island, [[Lagos]], na katika ''Federal Ministry of Education''. Aliwahi kuwa Mkuu wa Idara ya Kifaransa katika ''Federal Government Girls' College'', Calabar, Mkaguzi wa Shirikisho wa Lugha ya Kifaransa, na baadae Naibu Mkuu wa ''Federal Government Girls' College, Calabar''. Rita Akpan akizungumza lugha ya Ibibio. Akpan aliwahi kuwa katibu wa [[Serikali]] ya [[Jimbo la Akwa Ibom]] wakati wa muhula wa kwanza wa utawala wa Gavana Victor Attah. Pia alikuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Mawaziri katika utawala wa kwanza wa kiraia wa Jimbo la Akwa Ibom. Mwaka 1992, aliteuliwa kuwa Mshauri Maalumu wa Habari na Utamaduni kwa Gavana wa Jimbo la Akwa Ibom.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20060721044351/http://www.nigeriafirst.org/docs/ministers_profiles.htm</ref><ref>https://mydreamgov.app/leaders/rita-akpan-1</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ihr25yalx8z81ceuojvvzdkxeanzhhe 0 256453 1612057 2026-10-30T10:27:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Masha Mapenzi''' (alizaliwa Watamu, Kenya) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa Kiafrika wa [[muziki]] wa Injili na Afro-fusion. Mapenzi huimba katika mitindo mbalimbali ya muziki, kama vile chakacha, [[taarab]], bango na afrobeat. Alishinda msimu wa kwanza wa mashindano ya ''Pop Idol'' nchini [[Kenya]], ambapo aliimba wimbo maarufu wa tenzi za dini uitwao “''When Peace, Like a River''” kwa mtindo wake mwenyewe. Albamu yake ya kwanza inaitwa Uhiko (inapatikana kwa kupakuliwa kupitia iTunes). Albamu hiyo inajumuisha wimbo “Nainua Macho Yangu” pamoja na nyimbo “Uhiko”, “Mahabubu” na “Tamu Tamu”. Wimbo “Uhiko” ulishinda [[tuzo]] ya Msanii Bora wa Mwaka wa ''Diaspora'' katika ''Coast Awards'' mwaka 2010. Pia, katika ''Coast Awards'' za mwaka huo, alishika nafasi ya pili katika kipengele cha Msanii Bora wa Kike wa Mwaka.<ref>https://play.mdundo.com/artist/377249/Masha-Mapenzi?utm_source=mdundo&utm_medium=geo&utm_campaign=geo_redirect</ref><ref>https://musicinafrica.net/directory/masha-mapenzi/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} jz0ppn0vroo6a1i4p4sdu54vvhg0vjv 0 256454 1612058 2026-10-30T10:35:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Annette Ngozi Ilonzeh''' (alizaliwa [[23 Agosti]] [[1983]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]]. Kuanzia mwaka 2010 hadi 2011, aliigiza nafasi ya Maya Ward katika [[tamthilia]] ya mchana ya [[televisheni]] ya ABC iitwayo ''General Hospital''. Baadae aliigiza nafasi ya Kate Prince katika toleo jipya la kipindi cha ''Charlie's Angels'' kilichoonyeshwa na ABC, ambacho hakikudumu kwa muda mrefu. Baadae alipata nafasi za uigizaji zilizojirudia katika vipindi kama ''Arrow, Drop Dead Diva'' na ''Empire''. Mwaka 2017, Ilonzeh aliigiza nafasi ya Kidada Jones katika filamu ya maigizo ya wasifu ''All Eyez on Me'', na pia aliigiza katika filamu ya kusisimua '''Til Death Do Us Part''. Kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2020, aliigiza nafasi ya Emily Foster katika tamthilia ya televisheni ya NBC iitwayo ''Chicago Fire''. == Maisha na kazi yake == Ilonzeh alizaliwa katika mji wa Grapevine, [[Texas]], na alisoma katika shule ya sekondari ya ''Colleyville Heritage High School''. Baba yake ni Mnigeria mwenye asili ya jamii ya Igbo, huku mama yake akiwa mzungu. Mwaka 2007, alianza kuonekana kwenye televisheni kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipindi kimoja cha sitcom ya CBS iitwayo ''How I Met Your Mother''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2679753/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120612131918/http://www.soapoperadigest.com/annie-ilonzeh-bio</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} kjukp09220fsh7ti4j4ryrbmeagvnbr 0 256455 1612062 2026-10-30T11:58:54Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Ghāfiqī''' (alifariki 1165) alikuwa [[Al-Andalus|Andalusia]] Mwarabu mtaalamu wa macho na mwandishi wa kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' (''Kitāb al-Murshid fi’ l-kuḥl''). == Kazi == Kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' kinaonyesha kuwa madaktari wa wakati huo walikuwa na uelewa mpana na tata kuhusu hali za jicho na kope, ambazo walizitibu kwa taratibu mbalimbali za upasuaji, marhamu, na dawa za kem...' 1612062 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Ghāfiqī''' (alifariki 1165) alikuwa [[Al-Andalus|Andalusia]] Mwarabu mtaalamu wa macho na mwandishi wa kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' (''Kitāb al-Murshid fi’ l-kuḥl''). == Kazi == Kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' kinaonyesha kuwa madaktari wa wakati huo walikuwa na uelewa mpana na tata kuhusu hali za jicho na kope, ambazo walizitibu kwa taratibu mbalimbali za upasuaji, marhamu, na dawa za kemikali.<ref>{{cite web|title=Becker Medical Library - Muslim Medicine|url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mini/muslim-medicine.html|access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1165]] pkx34yf3c94664351kpv75kmbxz0iw1