Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.1 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3847 1612137 1527724 2026-10-31T06:02:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612137 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|nchi ya Ufalme|Ufalme wa Udeni}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Udeni | jina_asili = ''Danmark'' ([[Kideni]]) | bendera = Flag of Denmark.svg | nembo = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg | kaulimbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Der er et yndigt land" <br /> "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast" (Wimbo wa kifalme) | ramani = Denmark (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = Udeni katika Ulaya | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Copenhagen]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kideni]] | lugha_za_mikoa = [[Kijerumani]] | kabila = 86.11% Wadeni <br /> 13.89% Wengine | serikali = Ufalme wa Kikatiba ya Kibunge | cheo_kiongozi1 = Mfalme | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | kiongozi1 = Frederik X | kiongozi2 = Mette Frederiksen | bunge = Folketing | tukio1 = Muungano | tukio2 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 8 | tukio2_tarehe = 5 Juni 1849 | eneo_jumla = 43,094 | cheo_eneo = 130 | maji = 1.74% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 5,982,117 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_watu = 112 | msongamano = 138.8 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $496.696 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $83,454 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 10 | plt = {{increase}} $412.293 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2024 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $69,273 | cheo_plt_kawaida = 37 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.962 </br> {{juu sana}} | gini = 27.7 | mwaka_gini = 2022 | fedha = Krona ya Udeni (DKK) | majira_saa = +1 (CET) / UTC+2 (CEST) | upande_gari = Kulia | msimbo_simu = 45 | tld = .dk }} '''Udeni''' ni nchi ya [[Ulaya ya Kaskazini|Kaskazini mwa Ulaya]] iliyoko katika eneo la [[Skandinavia]]. Inapakana na [[Ujerumani]] upande wa kusini, na inazungukwa na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] na [[Bahari ya Baltiki]]. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 5.9 (2024), na mji wake mkuu na mkubwa zaidi ni [[Copenhagen]], ambao pia ni kitovu cha [[uchumi]], biashara, na utamaduni. Udeni inajumuisha eneo la bara la [[Jutland]] pamoja na visiwa vya Zealand, [[Funen]] na visiwa vingine vidogo. Ina mamlaka ya ndani ya kujitawala ya [[Greenland]] na [[Visiwa vya Faroe]]. Inatambulika kwa ustawi wa [[jamii|kijamii]], [[historia]] tajiri, upangaji bora wa miji, na mchango wake mkubwa katika utamaduni wa Nordic. Udeni ina mfumo wa [[serikali]] wa [[Ufalme|kifalme]] wa [[katiba|kikatiba]] unaoendeshwa na [[bunge]] la aina moja linaloitwa [[Folketing]]. Mkuu wa nchi ni mfalme, lakini mamlaka ya kiutendaji iko mikononi mwa waziri mkuu na baraza la mawaziri. Ingawa ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], Udeni imeamua kutotumia sarafu ya [[euro]], na badala yake hutumia [[Kroni ya Kideni]] (DKK). Nchi hii huorodheshwa miongoni mwa mataifa yenye viwango vya juu vya maisha, [[elimu]] bora, huduma za afya zenye upatikanaji mpana, na ulinzi wa mazingira.Uchumi wake una msingi imara unaotegemea sekta kama vile nishati mbadala, viwanda vya dawa, usafirishaji wa baharini, na teknolojia ya kisasa. == Jiografia == Udeni ina eneo la [[km²]] 43.000. [[Theluthi]] ya eneo hili ni kwenye visiwa 443 vya Udeni ambavyo 76 tu kati yake vinakaliwa na watu. Visiwa vikubwa ni [[Funen]] (''Fyn''), [[Zealand]] (''Sjælland'') na [[Bornholm]] (''Bornholm''). [[Rasi]] ya [[Jutland]] ni sehemu kubwa ya eneo. Jutland ni Udeni bara. Ina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 300 kuelekea kaskazini kutoka [[mpaka]] wa Ujerumani hadi [[ncha]] yake kwa [[Skagen]]. Kwa jumla Udeni iko [[tambarare]]. Mwinuko wa juu una [[kimo]] wa [[m]] 170 pekee juu ya [[UB]]. ===Miinuko=== Kumbuka kwamba orodha hii inahusu Udeni tu kama nchi, si [[Visiwa vya Faroe]] na [[Greenland]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kms.dk/Nyheder/Arkiv/2005/280205_hoejste_punkt.htm |title=kort & Matrikelstyrelsen, nyt højeste punkt i Danmark |accessdate=2017-11-07 |archivedate=2006-10-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010121758/http://www.kms.dk/Nyheder/Arkiv/2005/280205_hoejste_punkt.htm }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.faktoider.nu/granddanois.html |title=Faktoider.nu, Danmarks högsta punkt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114193551/http://www.faktoider.nu/granddanois.html |archivedate=2007-11-14 |accessdate=2017-11-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Mlima]] mrefu wa ufalme mzima ni [[Gunnbjørn]], Greenland, m 3,700 juu ya [[UB]]. {| class="wikitable" ! No ! Mwinuko ! Sehemu ya Nchi ! Kimo |- | 1. | [[Møllehøj]] | [[Skanderborg manisipaa]] | 170,86 d |- | 2. | [[Yding Skovhøj]] | [[Horsens manisipaa]] | 170,77 d |- | 3. | [[Ejer Bavnehøj]] | | 170,35 d |- | 4. | [[Lindbjerg]] | | 170,08 d |- | 5. | [[Basi Margretelyst]] | | 169,78 d |- | 6. | [[Vistofte]] | | 169,44 d |- |} Mpaka mwaka [[1847]] [[Himmelbjerget]], [[Skanderborgs]], m 147 ilifikiriwa kuwa mwinuko mkubwa wa Udeni. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Denmark}} Wakazi wa kwanza waliojulikana katika [[historia]] kwa jina ni ma[[kabila]] ya [[Wakimbri]] na [[Wateutonia]] waliohamia hadi Ulaya ya kusini wakati wa [[njaa]] mnamo mwaka [[113 KK]]. Katika [[karne ya 8]] hadi [[karne ya 11]] [[BK]] ma[[jambazi wa baharini]] kutoka Udeni na Norway waliogopwa kote Ulaya kwa jina la "[[Waviking]]". Walivamia pia [[Uingereza]] mara kwa mara na kujenga makao huko. Tangu mwaka [[793]] walitawala eneo la Danelag (au: [[Danelaw]]) kaskazini na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Uingereza wa leo. Katika [[karne ya 8]] na [[karne ya 10]] maeneo madogo yaliunganishwa. Wafalme wa kwanza wanaojulikana kutawala Udeni yote walikuwa [[Garm Mzee]] na [[Harald Jino Buluu]] (mnamo mwaka [[980]]). Harald alikuwa mfalme wa kwanza wa kupokea [[Ukristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Udeni ikawa nchi yenye nguvu katika Skandinavia na kwenye pwani za Baltiki. Kuanzia [[1397]] hadi [[1521]] nchi zote za Skandinavia ziliunganishwa katika [[maungano ya kifalme]] chini ya wafalme wa Udeni ilhali kila nchi ilijitawala katika mambo ya ndani. Baada ya Uswidi kujitenga na umoja huo, Norway iliendela kuwa chini ya Udeni hadi mwaka [[1814]]. Mwaka [[1537]] Udeni ilijiunga na [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] na [[Walutheri|Kanisa la Kilutheri]] likawa [[dini rasmi]] nchini hadi leo, ikifuatwa na 76.9% za wakazi. Udeni ilikuwa kati ya nchi muhimu sana ya Ulutheri, lakini leo 3% tu wanashiriki [[ibada]] ya [[Jumapili]]. Baada ya [[vita]] za [[Napoleoni]] Udeni iliondolewa utawala wa Norway iliyounganishwa na Uswidi mwaka 1814. Lakini ma[[koloni]] ya Greenland, Iceland, Faroe na visiwa vya [[Karibi]] zilibaki chini yake. [[Karne ya 19]] ilileta [[fitina]] na Ujerumani juu ya utawala wa [[Schleswig]] na [[Holstein]]. Baada ya vita ya [[1864]] Udeni ilipaswa kuacha majimbo hayo mawili kwa Ujerumani. Udeni haikushiriki katika [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia ya Kwanza]] lakini ilirudishwa sehemu ya kaskazini ya jimbo la Schleswig. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia ya Pili]] Udeni ilivamiwa na Ujerumani mwaka [[1940]] hadi [[1945]]. Wakati wa vita [[Iceland]] iliamua kutangaza [[uhuru]] wake. Mwaka [[1948]] mara baada ya vita visiwa vya [[Faroe]] vilipewa [[madaraka]] ya kujitawala lakini vilibaki ndani ya umoja na Udeni. Koloni la [[Greenland]] lilipewa madaraka hayo mwaka [[1979]]. Udeni ikawa kati ya nchi zilizounda [[UM]] na pia [[NATO]]. Mwaka [[1973]] ikajiunga na [[Jumuiya ya Ulaya]] (sasa: [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]), lakini imekataa kutumia [[euro]] badala ya krona. Kutokana na [[uzazi]] mdogo, miaka ya mwisho [[uhamiaji]] umeongezeka, hivi 12.3% wana asili ya kigeni (yaani hata [[mzazi]] wao mmoja ni [[raia]] na mzaliwa wa Udeni). ==Watu== Mnamo [[Septemba]] [[2024]], wakazi walikuwa 5,982,117. Kati yao, Wadeni asili ni 88,67%. Wengine ni wahamiaji (kutoka [[Uturuki]], [[Polandi]], [[Syria]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Iraq]], [[Romania]], [[Lebanoni]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]], [[Somalia]] n.k.) au wamezaliwa na mhamiaji walau mmoja. [[Lugha]] ya nchi ni [[Kideni]], jamii ya [[Kijerumaniki]], na 86[[%]] za wakazi huongea vizuri [[Kiingereza]] kama [[lugha ya pili]]. Upande wa [[dini]], wengi ni [[Wakristo]], lakini 3% tu wanashiriki [[ibada]] ya [[Jumapili]] na 19% tu wanaona dini ni muhimu [[Maisha|maishani]]. [[Dini rasmi]] ni [[Kanisa la Udani|Kanisa la Udeni]] ([[Walutheri|la Kilutheri]]; 71.2%). [[Wakatoliki]] hawafikii 1%. Kutokana na [[uhamiaji]], [[Waislamu]] ni 4.4%. == Watu maarufu == * [[Carl Nielsen]] * [[Hans Christian Andersen]] * [[Jens Fink-Jensen]] * [[Michael Laudrup]] * [[Søren Kierkegaard]] == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Marejeo== *{{da icon}} Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie&nbsp; – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, ISBN 87-7288-941-1 *{{da icon}} {{Rejea kitabu|last1=Gammelgaard |first1=Frederik |last2=Sørensen |first2=Niels |year=1998 |title=Danmark – en demokratisk stat |publisher=Alinea |isbn=87-23-00280-8|ref=harv}} *{{da icon}} {{Rejea kitabu|last=Jørgensen |first=Gitte |year=1995 |title=Sådan styres Danmark |publisher=Flachs |isbn=87-7826-031-0|ref=harv}} *{{da icon}} Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, ISBN 87-00-69328-6 *{{sv icon}} Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, ISBN 91-7024-619-X. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} * [http://www.denmark.dk/ Denmark.dk] {{Wayback|url=http://www.denmark.dk/ |date=20201211054513 }} *{{CIA World Factbook link|da|Denmark}} *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark Denmark] entry at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. *[http://www.denmark.net/denmark-guide/danish-culture.html A guide to Danish Culture] {{Wayback|url=http://www.denmark.net/denmark-guide/danish-culture.html |date=20130819092809 }} at ''Denmark.net''. *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/denmark.htm Denmark] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/denmark.htm |date=20080705053204 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Denmark}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17929661 Denmark profile] from the [[BBC News]]. *[http://www.visitdenmark.com/ Tourism portal] at ''VisitDenmark''. *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=DK Key Development Forecasts for Denmark] from [[International Futures]]. ;Serikali *[http://www.um.dk/en Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark] {{Wayback|url=http://www.um.dk/en |date=20171122193426 }} *[http://statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=HISB3&PLanguage=1 Summary vital statistics about Denmark] from ''Statistikbanken''. ;Ramani *{{wikiatlas|Denmark}} *[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3389 Satellite image of Denmark] at the [[NASA Earth Observatory]]. ;Biashara * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/DNK/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Denmark] ; Vyombo vya habari *[http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&ie=UTF-8&q=denmark%2F&btnG=Search Google news Denmark] *[http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Denmark:_Primary_Documents History of Denmark: Primary Documents] *{{da icon}} [http://kort.krak.dk/borgerdk.kortsoegning/imapDKbig.asp Krak printable mapsearch] {{Wayback|url=http://kort.krak.dk/borgerdk.kortsoegning/imapDKbig.asp |date=20071005153127 }} *{{Wayback |date=20060208174808 |url=http://olddenmark.dk/ |title=Old Denmark in Cyberspace – Information about Denmark – the Danes }} ;Mengineyo *[http://www.vifanord.de/index.php?id=1&L=1&rd=243343734 Vifanord.de] – library of scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries. {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} {{mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Denmark| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] i20lwm67kx4ual058g8xowhp917mtct 1612166 1612137 2026-10-31T09:37:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kwa|nchi ya Ufalme|Ufalme wa Udeni}} {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Udeni | jina_asili = ''Danmark'' ([[Kideni]]) | bendera = Flag of Denmark.svg | nembo = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg | kaulimbiu = | wimbo_wa_taifa = "Der er et yndigt land" <br /> "Kong Christian stod ved højen mast" (Wimbo wa kifalme) | ramani = Denmark (orthographic projection).svg | maelezo_ramani = Udeni katika Ulaya | mji_mkubwa_na_mkuu = [[Copenhagen]] | lugha_rasmi = [[Kideni]] | lugha_za_mikoa = [[Kijerumani]] | kabila = 86.11% Wadeni <br /> 13.89% Wengine | serikali = Ufalme wa Kikatiba ya Kibunge | cheo_kiongozi1 = Mfalme | cheo_kiongozi2 = Waziri Mkuu | kiongozi1 = Frederik X | kiongozi2 = Mette Frederiksen | bunge = Folketing | tukio1 = Muungano | tukio2 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio1_tarehe = Karne ya 8 | tukio2_tarehe = 5 Juni 1849 | eneo_jumla = 43,094 | cheo_eneo = 130 | maji = 1.74% | watu_kadirio = {{increase}} 5,982,117 | mwaka_kadirio = 2024 | cheo_watu = 112 | msongamano = 138.8 | pato_ppp = {{increase}} $496.696 bilioni | pato_ppp_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $83,454 | cheo_plt_kawaida_kwa_mtu = 10 | plt = {{increase}} $412.293 bilioni | mwaka_pato = 2024 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{increase}} $69,273 | cheo_plt_kawaida = 37 | mwaka_maendeleo = 2023 | maendeleo = {{increase}} 0.962 </br> {{juu sana}} | gini = 27.7 | mwaka_gini = 2022 | fedha = Krona ya Udeni (DKK) | majira_saa = +1 (CET) / UTC+2 (CEST) | upande_gari = Kulia | msimbo_simu = 45 | tld = .dk }} '''Udeni''' ni nchi ya [[Ulaya ya Kaskazini|Kaskazini mwa Ulaya]] iliyoko katika eneo la [[Skandinavia]]. Inapakana na [[Ujerumani]] upande wa kusini, na inazungukwa na [[Bahari ya Kaskazini]] na [[Bahari ya Baltiki]]. Ina idadi ya watu takriban milioni 5.9 (2024), na mji wake mkuu na mkubwa zaidi ni [[Copenhagen]], ambao pia ni kitovu cha [[uchumi]], biashara, na utamaduni. Udeni inajumuisha eneo la bara la [[Jutland]] pamoja na visiwa vya Zealand, [[Funen]] na visiwa vingine vidogo. Ina mamlaka ya ndani ya kujitawala ya [[Greenland]] na [[Visiwa vya Faroe]]. Inatambulika kwa ustawi wa [[jamii|kijamii]], [[historia]] tajiri, upangaji bora wa miji, na mchango wake mkubwa katika utamaduni wa Nordic. Udeni ina mfumo wa [[serikali]] wa [[Ufalme|kifalme]] wa [[katiba|kikatiba]] unaoendeshwa na [[bunge]] la aina moja linaloitwa [[Folketing]]. Mkuu wa nchi ni mfalme, lakini mamlaka ya kiutendaji iko mikononi mwa waziri mkuu na baraza la mawaziri. Ingawa ni mwanachama wa [[Umoja wa Ulaya]], Udeni imeamua kutotumia sarafu ya [[euro]], na badala yake hutumia [[Kroni ya Kideni]] (DKK). Nchi hii huorodheshwa miongoni mwa mataifa yenye viwango vya juu vya maisha, [[elimu]] bora, huduma za afya zenye upatikanaji mpana, na ulinzi wa mazingira.Uchumi wake una msingi imara unaotegemea sekta kama vile nishati mbadala, viwanda vya dawa, usafirishaji wa baharini, na teknolojia ya kisasa. == Jiografia == Udeni ina eneo la [[km²]] 43.000. [[Theluthi]] ya eneo hili ni kwenye visiwa 443 vya Udeni ambavyo 76 tu kati yake vinakaliwa na watu. Visiwa vikubwa ni [[Funen]] (''Fyn''), [[Zealand]] (''Sjælland'') na [[Bornholm]] (''Bornholm''). [[Rasi]] ya [[Jutland]] ni sehemu kubwa ya eneo. Jutland ni Udeni bara. Ina [[urefu]] wa [[km]] 300 kuelekea kaskazini kutoka [[mpaka]] wa Ujerumani hadi [[ncha]] yake kwa [[Skagen]]. Kwa jumla Udeni iko [[tambarare]]. Mwinuko wa juu una [[kimo]] wa [[m]] 170 pekee juu ya [[UB]]. ===Miinuko=== Kumbuka kwamba orodha hii inahusu Udeni tu kama nchi, si [[Visiwa vya Faroe]] na [[Greenland]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.kms.dk/Nyheder/Arkiv/2005/280205_hoejste_punkt.htm |title=kort & Matrikelstyrelsen, nyt højeste punkt i Danmark |accessdate=2017-11-07 |archivedate=2006-10-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010121758/http://www.kms.dk/Nyheder/Arkiv/2005/280205_hoejste_punkt.htm }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.faktoider.nu/granddanois.html |title=Faktoider.nu, Danmarks högsta punkt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114193551/http://www.faktoider.nu/granddanois.html |archivedate=2007-11-14 |accessdate=2017-11-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Mlima]] mrefu wa ufalme mzima ni [[Gunnbjørn]], Greenland, m 3,700 juu ya [[UB]]. {| class="wikitable" ! No ! Mwinuko ! Sehemu ya Nchi ! Kimo |- | 1. | [[Møllehøj]] | [[Skanderborg manisipaa]] | 170,86 d |- | 2. | [[Yding Skovhøj]] | [[Horsens manisipaa]] | 170,77 d |- | 3. | [[Ejer Bavnehøj]] | | 170,35 d |- | 4. | [[Lindbjerg]] | | 170,08 d |- | 5. | [[Basi Margretelyst]] | | 169,78 d |- | 6. | [[Vistofte]] | | 169,44 d |- |} Mpaka mwaka [[1847]] [[Himmelbjerget]], [[Skanderborgs]], m 147 ilifikiriwa kuwa mwinuko mkubwa wa Udeni. == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Denmark}} Wakazi wa kwanza waliojulikana katika [[historia]] kwa jina ni ma[[kabila]] ya [[Wakimbri]] na [[Wateutonia]] waliohamia hadi Ulaya ya kusini wakati wa [[njaa]] mnamo mwaka [[113 KK]]. Katika [[karne ya 8]] hadi [[karne ya 11]] [[BK]] ma[[jambazi wa baharini]] kutoka Udeni na Norway waliogopwa kote Ulaya kwa jina la "[[Waviking]]". Walivamia pia [[Uingereza]] mara kwa mara na kujenga makao huko. Tangu mwaka [[793]] walitawala eneo la Danelag (au: [[Danelaw]]) kaskazini na kaskazini-mashariki mwa Uingereza wa leo. Katika [[karne ya 8]] na [[karne ya 10]] maeneo madogo yaliunganishwa. Wafalme wa kwanza wanaojulikana kutawala Udeni yote walikuwa [[Garm Mzee]] na [[Harald Jino Buluu]] (mnamo mwaka [[980]]). Harald alikuwa mfalme wa kwanza wa kupokea [[Ukristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. Udeni ikawa nchi yenye nguvu katika Skandinavia na kwenye pwani za Baltiki. Kuanzia [[1397]] hadi [[1521]] nchi zote za Skandinavia ziliunganishwa katika [[maungano ya kifalme]] chini ya wafalme wa Udeni ilhali kila nchi ilijitawala katika mambo ya ndani. Baada ya Uswidi kujitenga na umoja huo, Norway iliendela kuwa chini ya Udeni hadi mwaka [[1814]]. Mwaka [[1537]] Udeni ilijiunga na [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] na [[Walutheri|Kanisa la Kilutheri]] likawa [[dini rasmi]] nchini hadi leo, ikifuatwa na 76.9% za wakazi. Udeni ilikuwa kati ya nchi muhimu sana ya Ulutheri, lakini leo 3% tu wanashiriki [[ibada]] ya [[Jumapili]]. Baada ya [[vita]] za [[Napoleoni]] Udeni iliondolewa utawala wa Norway iliyounganishwa na Uswidi mwaka 1814. Lakini ma[[koloni]] ya Greenland, Iceland, Faroe na visiwa vya [[Karibi]] zilibaki chini yake. [[Karne ya 19]] ilileta [[fitina]] na Ujerumani juu ya utawala wa [[Schleswig]] na [[Holstein]]. Baada ya vita ya [[1864]] Udeni ilipaswa kuacha majimbo hayo mawili kwa Ujerumani. Udeni haikushiriki katika [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia ya Kwanza]] lakini ilirudishwa sehemu ya kaskazini ya jimbo la Schleswig. Wakati wa [[Vita Kuu ya Dunia ya Pili]] Udeni ilivamiwa na Ujerumani mwaka [[1940]] hadi [[1945]]. Wakati wa vita [[Iceland]] iliamua kutangaza [[uhuru]] wake. Mwaka [[1948]] mara baada ya vita visiwa vya [[Faroe]] vilipewa [[madaraka]] ya kujitawala lakini vilibaki ndani ya umoja na Udeni. Koloni la [[Greenland]] lilipewa madaraka hayo mwaka [[1979]]. Udeni ikawa kati ya nchi zilizounda [[UM]] na pia [[NATO]]. Mwaka [[1973]] ikajiunga na [[Jumuiya ya Ulaya]] (sasa: [[Umoja wa Ulaya]]), lakini imekataa kutumia [[euro]] badala ya krona. Kutokana na [[uzazi]] mdogo, miaka ya mwisho [[uhamiaji]] umeongezeka, hivi 12.3% wana asili ya kigeni (yaani hata [[mzazi]] wao mmoja ni [[raia]] na mzaliwa wa Udeni). ==Watu== Mnamo [[Septemba]] [[2024]], wakazi walikuwa 5,982,117. Kati yao, Wadeni asili ni 88,67%. Wengine ni wahamiaji (kutoka [[Uturuki]], [[Polandi]], [[Syria]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Iraq]], [[Romania]], [[Lebanoni]], [[Pakistan]], [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]], [[Somalia]] n.k.) au wamezaliwa na mhamiaji walau mmoja. [[Lugha]] ya nchi ni [[Kideni]], jamii ya [[Kijerumaniki]], na 86[[%]] za wakazi huongea vizuri [[Kiingereza]] kama [[lugha ya pili]]. Upande wa [[dini]], wengi ni [[Wakristo]], lakini 3% tu wanashiriki [[ibada]] ya [[Jumapili]] na 19% tu wanaona dini ni muhimu [[Maisha|maishani]]. [[Dini rasmi]] ni [[Kanisa la Udani|Kanisa la Udeni]] ([[Walutheri|la Kilutheri]]; 71.2%). [[Wakatoliki]] hawafikii 1%. Kutokana na [[uhamiaji]], [[Waislamu]] ni 4.4%. == Watu maarufu == * [[Carl Nielsen]] * [[Hans Christian Andersen]] * [[Jens Fink-Jensen]] * [[Michael Laudrup]] * [[Søren Kierkegaard]] == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Marejeo== *{{da icon}} Busck, Steen and Poulsen, Henning (ed.), "Danmarks historie&nbsp; – i grundtræk", Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2002, ISBN 87-7288-941-1 *{{da icon}} {{Rejea kitabu|last1=Gammelgaard |first1=Frederik |last2=Sørensen |first2=Niels |year=1998 |title=Danmark – en demokratisk stat |publisher=Alinea |isbn=87-23-00280-8|ref=harv}} *{{da icon}} {{Rejea kitabu|last=Jørgensen |first=Gitte |year=1995 |title=Sådan styres Danmark |publisher=Flachs |isbn=87-7826-031-0|ref=harv}} *{{da icon}} Michaelsen, Karsten Kjer, "Politikens bog om Danmarks oldtid", Politikens Forlag (1. bogklubudgave), 2002, ISBN 87-00-69328-6 *{{sv icon}} Nationalencyklopedin, vol. 4, Bokförlaget Bra Böcker, 2000, ISBN 91-7024-619-X. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} * [http://www.denmark.dk/ Denmark.dk] {{Wayback|url=http://www.denmark.dk/ |date=20201211054513 }} *{{CIA World Factbook link|da|Denmark}} *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157748/Denmark Denmark] entry at ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. *[http://www.denmark.net/denmark-guide/danish-culture.html A guide to Danish Culture] {{Wayback|url=http://www.denmark.net/denmark-guide/danish-culture.html |date=20130819092809 }} at ''Denmark.net''. *[http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/denmark.htm Denmark] {{Wayback|url=http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/denmark.htm |date=20080705053204 }} at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/Denmark}} *[http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17929661 Denmark profile] from the [[BBC News]]. *[http://www.visitdenmark.com/ Tourism portal] at ''VisitDenmark''. *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=DK Key Development Forecasts for Denmark] from [[International Futures]]. ;Serikali *[http://www.um.dk/en Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark] {{Wayback|url=http://www.um.dk/en |date=20171122193426 }} *[http://statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?Maintable=HISB3&PLanguage=1 Summary vital statistics about Denmark] from ''Statistikbanken''. ;Ramani *{{wikiatlas|Denmark}} *[http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=3389 Satellite image of Denmark] at the [[NASA Earth Observatory]]. ;Biashara * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/DNK/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Denmark] ; Vyombo vya habari *[http://news.google.com/news?hl=en&ned=us&ie=UTF-8&q=denmark%2F&btnG=Search Google news Denmark] *[http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Denmark:_Primary_Documents History of Denmark: Primary Documents] *{{da icon}} [http://kort.krak.dk/borgerdk.kortsoegning/imapDKbig.asp Krak printable mapsearch] {{Wayback|url=http://kort.krak.dk/borgerdk.kortsoegning/imapDKbig.asp |date=20071005153127 }} *{{Wayback |date=20060208174808 |url=http://olddenmark.dk/ |title=Old Denmark in Cyberspace – Information about Denmark – the Danes }} ;Mengineyo *[http://www.vifanord.de/index.php?id=1&L=1&rd=243343734 Vifanord.de] – library of scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries. {{Umoja wa Ulaya}} {{Ulaya}} {{mbegu-jio-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Denmark| ]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Mkataba wa Schengen]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Forodha wa Ulaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] t3ncmf1l07vfxql7h5kpm6k5ctebszf 0 5914 1612106 1564754 2026-10-30T22:50:23Z Tbm 44189 1612106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iringa'''({{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7838 (swa)-Byera04-Iringa.wav|Matamshi}}) ni jina la *[[Iringa (mji)|Mji wa Iringa]], *au [[Mkoa wa Iringa]]. Ndani ya mkoa pia kuna wilaya za [[Iringa Mjini]] na [[Iringa Kijijini]]. {{maana}} [[Category:Makala zinazotofautisha maana]] 2rpjreoi5k0zk6n7dpqhe80o548v32d 0 6093 1612067 1544467 2026-10-30T13:24:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Montevideo |picha_ya_satelite = |settlement_type = Jiji |subdivision_type = [[Madola|Nchi]] |subdivision_name = [[Uruguay]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = |website = }} [[Picha:Collage Landmarks of Montevideo.jpg|thumb|Montevideo.]] [[Picha:Montevideo Panorama.jpg|thumb|260px|Mandhari wa Montevideo.]] '''Montevideo''' ni [[mji mkuu]] wa [[Uruguay]] na [[mji]] mkubwa nchini. Uko kwenye mdomo mpana wa [[mto]] [[Rio de la Plata]]. Karibu [[nusu]] ya watu wote wa Uruguay hukaa jijini; milioni 1.35 mjini wenyewe na milioni 1.9 katika [[rundiko la jiji]]. [[Jina]] "Montevideo" linamaanisha "Naona mlima". ==Historia== [[Wareno]] walijenga [[boma]] katika eneo la mji wa baadaye mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1724]]. Walifukuzwa na [[Hispania|Wahispania]] na [[tarehe]] [[24 Desemba]] [[1726]] [[gavana]] Mhispania wa [[Buenos Aires]] Bruno Mauricio de Zabala aliunda mji wa Montevideo. Tangu mwaka [[1828]] mji umekuwa mji mkuu wa nchi ya Uruguay. Mji ulikua kutokana na [[Uhamiaji wa binadamu|uhamiaji]] mkubwa kutoka [[Ulaya]] hasa [[Italia]]. Wakazi wengi wa Montevideo wana asili ya nchi hiyo. == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110421000932/http://www.montevideo.gub.uy/ Montevideo official website] * [http://www.reservas.net/app/hcentral01.exe?135,UY,MVD,,,,ENG Montevideo Hotels] {{Wayback|url=http://www.reservas.net/app/hcentral01.exe?135,UY,MVD,,,,ENG |date=20060909032059 }} {{mbegu-jio-Uruguay}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Uruguay]] [[Jamii:Miji Mikuu Amerika]] [[Jamii:Río de la Plata]] [[Jamii:Montevideo| ]] 9koi9pk28dva4zctfhpf1ar3k7t43mq 0 19174 1612078 1427424 2026-10-30T16:36:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Nikolaus Kopernikus.jpg|200px|right|thumb|[[Taswira]] ya Nicolaus Copernicus (mwanzo wa [[karne ya 16]]).]] '''Nicolaus Copernicus''' (kwa [[Kijerumani]] '''Nikolas Koppernigk''', kwa [[Kipolandi]]: '''Mikołaj Kopernik'''; [[19 Februari]] [[1473]] – [[24 Mei]] [[1543]]) alikuwa [[kasisi|padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa [[astronomia]], [[tiba]] na [[hisabati]]. Ni maarufu hasa kwa kuwa ndiye aliyeeleza muundo halisi wa [[ulimwengu]] kwa kusema [[dunia]] inazunguka [[jua]], kinyume cha fundisho lililotawala awali kuwa jua linazunguka dunia. Ndiyo yanayoitwa "Mapinduzi ya Kikoperniki" ambayo ni ya msingi kwa ustawi wa [[sayansi]] ya kisasa. ==Maisha== Alizaliwa [[Toruń]], iliyokuwa [[mji wa Hanse]] huko [[Polandi]], katika [[familia]] yenye [[damu]] ya Kijerumani. Alisoma [[theolojia]], [[sheria]] na [[tiba]] huko Polandi na [[Italia]], akawa padri wa [[kanisa kuu]] la Frauenburg-Fromburg, ambapo alifariki mwaka 1543 akazikwa chini ya [[sakafu]] yake. ==Mchango mkubwa alioutoa na tathmini yake== [[Muda]] mfupi tu kabla hajafa alitoa [[kitabu]] chake "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (kuhusu mizunguko ya [[magimba ya angani]]), ambacho kinatoa mafundisho makuu ya [[elimu]] ya [[nyota]] ya [[siku]] zile, kama vile mpangilio wa [[sayari]] zinazolizunguka Jua na mzunguko wa Dunia kwenye [[mhimili]] wake kila siku. Copernicus hakuwa mtu wa kwanza aliyewaza ya kwamba Dunia inazunguka Jua: miaka 2000 kabla yake [[wanafalsafa]] kadhaa wa [[Ugiriki]] waliwahi kufundisha hivyo. Lakini tangu [[maandiko]] ya [[Klaudio Ptolemaio|Ptolemaio]] wataalamu wa nyota pamoja na [[walimu]] wa [[dini]] za [[Ukristo]] na [[Uislamu]] walikubaliana kwamba Dunia ni [[kitovu]] cha [[ulimwengu]] na Jua pamoja na sayari zote zinaizunguka. Kitabu cha Copernicus kilikuwa cha kwanza kilichoondoa Dunia katika kitovu cha ulimwengu na kwa ujumla alipingwa na wataalamu wengi. Ingawa hoja zao hazikuwa sahihi, ni kweli kwamba mafundisho yake yalikuwa na kasoro zilizojulikana baadaye kwa maendeleo ya [[utafiti]]: kwa mfano, alidhani [[njia]] za sayari kuzunguka jua zina [[umbo]] la [[duara]] kamili. Pia alifikiri ya kwamba jua liko kwenye [[kitovu]] cha ulimwengu. Mafundisho yake yaliathiri wanasayansi wengine kama [[Galileo Galilei]] na [[Kepler]], ambao waliyathibitisha na kuyaboresha. == Viungo vya nje == {{commons|Nicolaus Copernicus}} *[http://tuongeescience.tumblr.com/post/86302008889/kumbukumbu-ya-nicolaus-copernicus Blogu "Nicolaus Copernicus ni mmoja kati ya mashujaa wangu - See more at: http://tuongeescience.tumblr.com/post/86302008889/kumbukumbu-ya-nicolaus-copernicus#sthash.2FL2lSMI.dpuf"] {{Wayback|url=http://tuongeescience.tumblr.com/post/86302008889/kumbukumbu-ya-nicolaus-copernicus |date=20160305012734 }} * [http://www.domwarminski.pl/content/view/312/433 Copernicus' letters to various celebrities, among others the King Sigmundus I of Polandi] {{Wayback|url=http://www.domwarminski.pl/content/view/312/433 |date=20090211175309 }} - in Polish * [http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang01.htm Nicholaus Copernicus Museum in Frombork] {{Wayback|url=http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang01.htm |date=20041009151823 }} * Portraits of Copernicus: [http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/fotografie/5,35076,2999168.html?x=0 Copernicus' face reconstructed]; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Copernicus.html Portrait] {{Wayback|url=http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/PictDisplay/Copernicus.html |date=20070927183826 }}; [http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang10.htm Nicolaus Copernicus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang10.htm |date=20041013153447 }} * [http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/coperastrol.html Copernicus and Astrology] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hps.cam.ac.uk/starry/coperastrol.html |date=20090121212438 }} — Cambridge University: Copernicus had – of course – teachers with astrological activities and his tables were later used by astrologers. * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry] * [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=10340 Find-A-Grave profile for Nicolaus Copernicus] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4405958.stm 'Body of Copernicus' identified] — BBC article including image of Copernicus using facial reconstruction based on located skull ;Kuhusu ''De Revolutionibus'' * [http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/theories/copernican_system.html The Copernican Universe from the De Revolutionibus] * [http://digital.lib.lehigh.edu/planets/cop.php?num=F.1&exp=false&lang=lat&CISOPTR=0&limit=cop&view=full De Revolutionibus, 1543 first edition] {{Wayback|url=http://digital.lib.lehigh.edu/planets/cop.php?num=F.1&exp=false&lang=lat&CISOPTR=0&limit=cop&view=full |date=20090314004048 }} — Full digital facsimile, Lehigh University * [http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Public/education/bios/derevolutionibus.html The front page of the De Revolutionibus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hao.ucar.edu/Public/education/bios/derevolutionibus.html |date=20060618090048 }} * [http://webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Copernicus.html The text of the De Revolutionibus] {{Wayback|url=http://webexhibits.org/calendars/year-text-Copernicus.html |date=20150306173547 }} * [http://www.flex.com/~jai/astrology/retrograde.html A java applet about Retrograde Motion] {{Wayback|url=http://www.flex.com/~jai/astrology/retrograde.html |date=20090227150804 }} ;Urithi wake * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090124034717/http://www.bo.astro.it/dip/Museum/italiano/sto1_08.html Copernicus in Bologna] — in Italian * [http://www.npr.org/display_pages/features/feature_1746110.html Chasing Copernicus: The Book Nobody Read] — Was One of the Greatest Scientific Works Really Ignored? All Things Considered. [[NPR]] * [http://www.bede.org.uk/copernicus.htm Copernicus and his Revolutions] — A detailed critique of the rhetoric of De Revolutionibus * [http://www.columbia.edu/~gas1/project/visions/case1/sci.1.html Article which discusses Copernicus's debt to the Arabic tradition] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041126092301/http://www.uni.torun.pl/en/ Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń] ;Ushirikiano wa Polandi na Ujerumani kuhusu Copernicus * [http://www.bkherne.de/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=304&Itemid=266 German-Polish school project on Copernicus] - in German and Polish * [http://www.buero-kopernikus.org/en/home/1 Büro Kopernikus - An initiative of German Federal Cultural Foundation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.buero-kopernikus.org/en/home/1 |date=20061113205006 }}- in German, Polish and English {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1473|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1543|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Polandi|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] [[Jamii:Wanaastronomia wa Ujerumani|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] [[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Polandi|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] [[Jamii:Wanauchumi wa Ujerumani|Copernicus, Nicolaus]] dqqwe7zvjprak7zw0ejpkw7lgsxov1y 0 25907 1612129 1263420 2026-10-31T04:42:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Lugano_(Ticino)_View_on_Lake_Lugano_and_Monte_San_Salvatore.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|[[Lugano]], Uswisi.]] [[Picha:Karte Lage Kanton Tessin 2015.png|thumb|right|260px|Mahali pa Ticino katika Uswisi.]] [[Picha:Flag of Canton of Tessin.svg|80px|left|Bendera ya jimbo.]] '''Ticino''' ni moja ya [[Majimbo ya Uswisi|majimbo]] yanayounda [[shirikisho]] la [[Uswisi]]. [[Mji mkuu]] wake ni [[Bellinzona]]. Wakazi wengi wanaongea [[Kiitalia]] na ni wafuasi wa [[Yesu Kristo]] katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Majimbo ya Uswisi]] == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120123032538/http://www.ti.ch/ Tovuti rasmi] {{Majimbo ya Uswisi}} {{mbegu-jio-Uswisi}} [[Jamii:Majimbo ya Uswisi|T]] [[Jamii:Ticino]] chw4xkhski8ofytg26z9yz3x4m2bgss 0 26165 1612097 1123368 2026-10-30T20:03:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: LagoMaggiore.jpg|thumbnail|right|280px|Piemonte,Italia]] [[Picha:Flag of Piedmont.svg|80px|left|[[Bendera]] ya Piemonte.]] [[Picha:ItalyPiemont.png|thumb|right|200px|Mahali pa Piemonte katika [[Italia]].]] '''Piemonte''' ni [[mkoa]] wa [[Italia]]. Uko upande wa [[kaskazini]] [[magharibi]] na kupakana na [[Ufaransa]] na [[Uswisi]] katika [[milima]] ya [[Alps]]. [[Mji mkuu]] wake ni [[Torino]], ambao ni wa nne nchini baada ya [[Roma]], [[Milano]] na [[Napoli]]. == Tazama pia == * [[Mikoa ya Italia]] == Viungo vya nje == * {{it}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225110327/http://www.regione.piemonte.it/ Tovuti rasmi] {{Mikoa ya Italia}} {{mbegu-jio-Italia}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Piemonte| ]] 0y42m5acekpmfcipfgvky0o797xzlsi 0 41704 1612082 1488241 2026-10-30T16:55:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612082 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Milky Way Night Sky Black Rock Desert Nevada.jpg|thumb|250px|Njia nyeupe jinsi inavyoonekana usiku (picha ilipigwa jangwani pasipo na machafuko wa nuru)]] [[Picha:Hubble2005-01-barred-spiral-galaxy-NGC1300.jpg|thumb|250px|Galaksi yetu jinsi inaaminiwa kuonekana vile kama tunaiangalia kutoka juu; picha ya galaksi ya mbali yenye mikono miwili ya parafujo]] [[Faili:Needle Galaxy 4565.jpeg|thumb|250px|Galaksi yetu inafanana na hii NGC 4565 tunayoona kutoka pembeni kabisa. Tunatambua vizuri jinsi gani mlia wa nyota zake unanenepa kidogo kwenye kitovu penye nyota nyingi.]] '''Njia Nyeupe''' (pia "mkokoto wa kondoo za Sumaili" <ref>Yaani njia ya kondoo wa Ismaili; kuhusu majina ya nyota na sayari zilizojulikana kwa Waswahili na hivyo kuwa na majina asilia linganisha [[Jan Knappert]], The Cosmology of Swahili Islamic Literature, in: Swahili Islamic poetry, Brill 1971, Vol 1 uk 96-97 - taz google booksearch [http://books.google.de/books?id=yzsVAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=swahili+milky+way&source=bl&ots=TTuUw8pwyY&sig=VpAq9mWXJ-BwDL5w0DwxouIpcGw&hl=de&ei=x9FATPawC4bG4AbppeDXDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBUQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=swahili%20milky%20way&f=false]</ref>; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''Milky Way'') ni mlia mpana wa [[nyota]] nyingi unaoonekana [[Anga|angani]] wakati wa [[usiku]] kama [[wingu]] jeupe linalong`aa. Hali halisi hii ni jinsi tunavyoona [[galaksi]] yetu ambamo [[mfumo wa jua|mfumo wa Jua letu]] pamoja na [[Dunia]] ni sehemu zake. ==Umbo na umbali== Galaksi yetu imekadiriwa kuwa na nyota zaidi ya bilioni 100 hadi bilioni 400<ref>https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ {{Wayback|url=https://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ |date=20190410085724 }} Maggy Massetti: How Many Stars in the Milky Way?, tovuti ya NASA July 22, 2015, iliangaliwa Mei 2022</ref>. Inafanana na kisahani chenye [[umbo]] la parafujo. [[Kipenyo]] cha kisahani hicho ni [[miakanuru]] 100,000 ikiwa na [[unene]] wa miakanuru 3,000. Galaksi iliyo karibu zaidi angani inaitwa [[galaksi ya Andromeda|Andromeda]] ikiwa na [[umbali]] wa miakanuru [[milioni]] 2.5. Isipokuwa [[sayari]] za Jua letu na [[galaksi ya Andromeda]] ''(inayoonekana kama nyota moja)'', nyota zote ni kama Jua letu yaani tufe kubwa sana la gesi joto. == Kuonekana kwa Njia Nyeupe kutoka duniani == [[Nyota]] karibu zote tunazoziona kwa [[macho]] yetu ni sehemu za Njia Nyeupe. Kutegemeana na kiwango cha [[giza]] tunaweza kuona kati ya nyota 3,000 hadi 6,000 bila msaada wa [[darubini]]. Si rahisi kuona nyota nyingi tukiwa mjini kwa sababu mwanga wa taa za mjini unaakisiwa katika angahewa na kuzuia kuona mianga hafifu nje ya angahewa. Idadi kubwa zaidi ya nyota za Njia Nyeupe hatuwezi kuona wala kubainisha, kwa hiyo zinatokea machoni kama [[ukungu]] mweupe tu. Uwezo wetu wa kuona nyota nyingi zaidi umepunguzwa na kuwepo kwa [[mavumbi ya kinyota]] kati ya mahali petu na kitovu cha galaksi. == Muundo == Galaksi yetu ina umbo la parafujo (spirali) ya kisahani. Mahali petu pamoja na Jua pako kando kiasi ndani ya uwiano wa kisahani hiki. Tuko takriban 2/3 ya umbali wa kipenyo kutoka kitovu cha kisahani. Ikitazamwa kutoka juu galaksi yetu ina umbo la parafujo yenye [[mikono]] mbalimbali. Picha hii tumeipata kutokana na kuangalia galaksi za mbali angani zinazoonekana kutoka juu ilhali parafujo inaonekana. == Soma pia == * Thorsten Dambeck in ''Sky and Telescope'', "Gaia's Mission to the Milky Way", Machi 2008, p.&nbsp;36–39. * [http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~george/ay20/Chiappini-MilkyWay.pdf Cristina Chiappini, The Formation and Evolution of the Milky Way, American Scientist, November/December 2001, pp. 506-515] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == {{Commons category|Milky Way Galaxy}} * [http://www.atlasoftheuniverse.com/galaxy.html The Milky Way Galaxy] from ''An Atlas of the Universe'' * [http://galaxymap.org/drupal/node/171 Basic Milky Way plan map], including spiral arms and the Orion spur * [http://www.3dgalaxymap.com/ A 3D map of the Milky Way Galaxy] * [http://www.chromoscope.net/ Chromoscope] Tools to Explore the known Milky Way * [http://www.sky-map.org/?ra=12.0593794293245&de=-20.27239516216098&zoom=0&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=0&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IRAS Milky Way – IRAS (infrared) survey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sky-map.org/?ra=12.0593794293245&de=-20.27239516216098&zoom=0&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=0&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IRAS |date=20160829140840 }} wikisky.org * [http://www.sky-map.org/?ra=12.0593794293245&de=-20.27239516216098&zoom=0&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=0&show_galaxies=1&img_source=HALPHA Milky Way – H-Alpha survey] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sky-map.org/?ra=12.0593794293245&de=-20.27239516216098&zoom=0&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=0&show_galaxies=1&img_source=HALPHA |date=20170729004725 }} wikisky.org * [http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/happenings/20070530/index.shtml Running Rings Around the Galaxy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/happenings/20070530/index.shtml |date=20100613102704 }} Spitzer Space Telescope News * [http://www.seds.org/messier/more/mw.html The Milky Way Galaxy]{{Wayback|url=http://www.seds.org/messier/more/mw.html |date=20110809132529 }}, SEDS Messier pages * [http://mwmw.gsfc.nasa.gov/ MultiWavelength Milky Way] {{Wayback|url=http://mwmw.gsfc.nasa.gov/ |date=20090217144911 }}, NASA site with images and [[VRML]] models * [http://galaxymap.org/drupal/node/127 Milky Way Explorer], detailed images in infrared with radio, microwave and hydrogen-alpha as well * [http://ryutao.main.jp/english/film_milkyway_l.html The Milky Way at the Astro-Photography Site Of Mister T. Yoshida.] * [http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Milky-Way-20050710.htm Widefield Image of the Summer Milky Way] * [http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/gal-ring.htm Proposed Ring around the Milky Way] {{Wayback|url=http://www.solstation.com/x-objects/gal-ring.htm |date=20200416003043 }} * [http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99994959 Milky Way spiral gets an extra arm], New Scientist.com * [http://www.sciencebits.com/ice-ages The Milky Way spiral arms and a possible climate connection] * [http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2006-02/ssc2006-02a.shtml Galactic center mosaic via sun-orbiting Spitzer infrared telescope] {{Wayback|url=http://www.spitzer.caltech.edu/Media/releases/ssc2006-02/ssc2006-02a.shtml |date=20080509165050 }} * [http://www.ras.ucalgary.ca/CGPS/where/plan/ Milky Way Plan Views]{{Wayback|url=http://www.ras.ucalgary.ca/CGPS/where/plan/ |date=20131219200605 }}, The University of Calgary Radio Astronomy Laboratory * [http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&articleID=0000107A-6236-1FD5-A23683414B7F0000 Our Growing, Breathing Galaxy], Scientific American Magazine (Januari 2004 Issue) * [http://www.skynightly.com/reports/Deriving_The_Shape_Of_The_Galactic_Stellar_Disc.html Deriving The Shape Of The Galactic Stellar Disc] {{Wayback|url=http://www.skynightly.com/reports/Deriving_The_Shape_Of_The_Galactic_Stellar_Disc.html |date=20090114035201 }}, SkyNightly (17 Machi 2006) * [http://www.digitalskyllc.com Digital Sky LLC] {{Wayback|url=http://www.digitalskyllc.com/ |date=20161208131506 }}, Digital Sky's Milky Way Panorama and other images * [http://freeimages.reliable-facts.com/earth_and_space/pages/The_Milky_Way.htm A new view of the Milky Way galaxy] {{Wayback|url=http://freeimages.reliable-facts.com/earth_and_space/pages/The_Milky_Way.htm |date=20080305152123 }} obtained by the Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on NASA's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite (COBE). * [http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/w3/milkyway_ill.jpg Image of Milky Way galaxy arms], Chandra X-ray Observatory Center * [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/debate20.html The 1920 Shapley – Curtis Debate on the size of the Milky Way] * [http://www.milkywayvoyage.org Milky Way Voyage – India's First & Largest Star Party] {{Wayback|url=http://www.milkywayvoyage.org/ |date=20120712084512 }} * Astronomy Picture of the Day: ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap051004.html Composite image of the Milky Way] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap100625.html Milky Way image with highlights] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050104.html Milky Way Illustrated] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050825.html Barred Spiral Milky Way (Illustrated)] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap951029.html Radioactive Clouds in the Milky Way] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap970430.html Milky Way Molecule Map] ** [http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap971105.html The Milky Way's Gamma-Ray Halo] * [http://foto.star-shine.ch/details.php?image_id=1078 Moving Milkyway seen from Teneriffe without any lightpollution] {{Wayback|url=http://foto.star-shine.ch/details.php?image_id=1078 |date=20081202120412 }} * [http://www.alienearths.org/glimpse/ Multi-Gigapixel Infrared Milky Way] A zoomable, annotated version of the Spitzer Space Telescope GLIMPSE survey. * [http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/milkyWay.html Animated tour of the Milky Way] {{Wayback|url=http://alienworlds.glam.ac.uk/milkyWay.html |date=20100118222546 }}, University of Glamorgan {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:Majarra]] bhsvg4gix1azncon7h0mxs38aqr418x 0 57864 1612122 1365044 2026-10-31T02:07:13Z Kent Wang 92997 West facade of Lisbon Cathedral (retouched).jpg 1612122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:West facade of Lisbon Cathedral (retouched).jpg|thumb|220px|[[Kanisa kuu]] la [[Lisbon]]]] [[File:Tournai JPG001.jpg|thumb|220px|Sehemu ya kanisa kuu la [[Tournai]], [[Ubelgiji]], karne ya 12.]] [[File:Angouleme cathedral StPierre a.jpg|thumb|220px|Kanisa kuu la [[Angoulême]], [[Ufaransa]].]] '''Mtindo wa Kiroma''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] '''Romanesque architecture''') katika [[usanifu majengo]] ni mtindo sahili wa [[Karne za Kati]] ulioenea kote [[Ulaya]]. Ulianza kati ya [[karne ya 6]] na [[karne ya 10]] (kadiri ya maoni tofauti), halafu katika [[karne ya 12]] ulizaa [[mtindo wa Kigothi]]. Unaunganisha sifa za majengo mengi ya [[Roma]] na ya [[Bizanti]]. <!---NOTE: This Gallery is not permanent. It is a temporary holding bay for pics that are being swapped around ==Gallery== <gallery> File:St. Mary's Minster , West End - geograph.org.uk - 948257.jpg File:Byblos Castle 2009.jpg|Byblos Castle, Lebanon File:Chastel Blanc.jpg|Chastel Blanc, Syria (Safita Tower) File:Krak des Chevaliers 14.jpg|Krak des Chevaliers File:The Keep at Castle Hedingham - geograph.org.uk - 30510.jpg File:Rochester Castle Interior.JPG File:Xhignesse JPG03.jpg| Belgium File:Ocquier JPG01.jpg|Belgium File:Tum kolegiata 2.JPG|Poland File:St Mary's Church, Iffley - geograph.org.uk - 1218597.jpg File:KilpeckChurch(PhilipHalling)Feb2006.jpg File:Sant Martí de Capsec 001.jpg|Spain File:Science Museum Windows.jpg|Paired columns in the foyer of the [[Natural History Museum, London]]. File:Dom Kuppel Speyer.jpg|Dwarf Galleries encircle [[Speyer Cathedral]]. File:Eglise-liege-stbarthelemy-janvier2006.jpg|[[St Bartholomew's Church, Liège|St. Bartholomew's Church]] had its polychromy restored in 2006. </gallery> ---> ===Marejeo=== * V.I. Atroshenko and Judith Collins, ''The Origins of the Romanesque'', Lund Humphries, London, 1985, ISBN 085331487X * Rolf Toman, ''Romanesque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting'', Könemann, (1997), ISBN 3-89508-447-6 * [[Banister Fletcher]], ''A History of Architecture on the Comparative method'' (2001). Elsevier Science & Technology. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9. * [[Helen Gardner (art historian)|Helen Gardner]]; Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya, ''Gardner's Art through the Ages''. Thomson Wadsworth, (2004) ISBN 0-15-505090-7. * George Holmes, editor, ''The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe'', Oxford University Press, (1992) ISBN 0-19-820073-0 * René Huyghe, ''Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine and Medieval Art'', Paul Hamlyn, (1958) * François Ischer, ''Building the Great Cathedrals''. Harry N. Abrams, (1998). ISBN 0-8109-4017-5. * [[Nikolaus Pevsner]], ''An Outline of European Architecture''. Pelican Books (1964) * John Beckwith, ''Early Medieval Art'', Thames and Hudson, (1964) * Peter Kidson, The Medieval World'', Paul Hamlyn, (1967) * T. Francis Bumpus,, ''The Cathedrals and Churches of Belgium'', T. Werner Laurie. (1928) * Alec Clifton-Taylor, ''The Cathedrals of England'', Thames and Hudson (1967) * [[John Harvey]], ''English Cathedrals'', Batsford (1961). * Trewin Copplestone, ''World Architecture'', and Illustrated History'', Paul Hamlyn, (1963) ==Viungo vya nje== {{wiktionary|Romanesque}} [[File:StSerninToulousDB22.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Basilica of St. Sernin, Toulouse|St-Sernin basilica]], [[Toulouse]], France: elevation of the east end (1080–1120).]] *[http://www.crsbi.ac.uk Corpus of Romanesque Sculpture in Britain and Ireland] *[http://www.art-roman.net Overview of French Romanesque art] {{Wayback|url=http://www.art-roman.net/ |date=20110105204710 }} *[http://www.romanes.com French Romanesque art through 300 places (fr)(es)(en)(it)] *[http://www.americansinfrance.net/Attractions/Southern-Burgundy-Romanesque-Churches.cfm Romanesque Churches in Southern Burgundy] {{Wayback|url=http://www.americansinfrance.net/Attractions/Southern-Burgundy-Romanesque-Churches.cfm |date=20060214234443 }} *[http://www.Artemedievale.net Italian, French and Spanish Romanesque art (it) (fr) (es) (en)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.artemedievale.net/ |date=20200615171405 }} *[http://www.romanicozamorano.com Spanish and Zamora´s Romanesque art, easy navigation{es}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.romanicozamorano.com/ |date=20190121034859 }} *[http://www.amigosdelromanico.org/ Spanish Romanesque art{es}] *[http://www.circuloromanico.com Círculo Románico - Visigothic, Mozarabic and Romanesque art in Europe] {{Wayback|url=http://www.circuloromanico.com/ |date=20071116022655 }} *[http://www.romanicoportugal.org/ Romanesque Churches in Portugal] {{Wayback|url=http://www.romanicoportugal.org/ |date=20080929204908 }} *[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/988/ The Nine Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boi - Pyrenees {en}] *[http://www.beyond-the-pale.org.uk/satan1.htm Satan in the Groin - exhibitionist carvings on mediæval churches] *[http://www.green-man-of-cercles.org/articles/the_cusped_arch_on_romanesque_churches.pdf An illustrated article by Peter Hubert on the cusped arch ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.green-man-of-cercles.org/articles/the_cusped_arch_on_romanesque_churches.pdf |date=20160412175934 }} *[http://correzeromane.free.fr/visite1.php?nom=Vigeois Corrèze Illustrated history (French)] *[http://www.santamarialareal.org/es/enciclo.htm The Encyclopedia of Romanesque Art in Spain {es}: a work in progress] {{Wayback|url=http://www.santamarialareal.org/es/enciclo.htm |date=20080602041428 }} * [http://archive.cyark.org/sainttrophime-info Saint-Trophime Digital Media Archive] {{Wayback|url=http://archive.cyark.org/sainttrophime-info |date=20101016002408 }} (creative commons-licensed HD documentation) on the Romanesque [[Church of St. Trophime]], using data from a [[World Monuments Fund]]/[[CyArk]] research partnership {{mbegu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Romanesque Architecture}} [[Category:Usanifu majengo]] [[Category:Karne za Kati]] [[Category:Makanisa]] gjjoebwrpjuh71zgozo0ky2q990gss9 0 64253 1612110 1520852 2026-10-30T23:40:31Z Tbm 44189 1612110 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tanzania Njombe Region location map.svg|thumb|Mkoa wa Njombe nchini Tanzania.]] '''Mkoa wa Njombe''' ni mmojawapo kati ya [[mikoa]] mipya nchini [[Tanzania]] ukiwa umeanzishwa rasmi mwaka [[2012]]<ref name="DN-1">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |title=Tanzania: State Gazettes New Regions, Districts |date=9 March 2012 |newspaper=Daily News |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |author=Staff |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823174437/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/2739-state-gazettes-new-regions-districts |archivedate=August 23, 2012 }}</ref>. Umepakana na [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa ya]] [[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]], [[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]], [[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] na [[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]], mbali ya [[Nyasa (ziwa)|Ziwa Nyasa]]. Mkoa una eneo la [[Kilomita ya mraba|km²]] 21,347 na wakazi 889,946 kadiri ya [[sensa]] ya [[mwaka]] [[2022]] <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>, ukishika nafasi ya mwisho kati ya mikoa ya Tanzania Bara. [[Makao makuu]] yako [[Njombe (mji)|Njombe mjini]]. Una [[postikodi]] [[namba]] '''59000'''. ==Historia na demografia== Mkoa wa Njombe ulianzishwa mwaka 2012 kutokana na wilaya ya Njombe, Makambako, Makete na Ludewa. Kutokana na hadhi mpya, [[wilaya ya Njombe]] imegawanyika kati ya [[Njombe Mjini|ile ya mjini]] na [[Wilaya ya Njombe|ile ya vijijini]]. Pia, mwezi wa Machi 2012, imeanzishwa [[wilaya ya Wanging'ombe]]. Mwaka [[2012]] katika eneo hilo kulikuwa na wakazi 702,097 <ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2012 |url=http://50.87.153.5/~eastc/sensa/index.php/welcome |website=National Bureau of Statistics |accessdate=14 February 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305154228/http://50.87.153.5/~eastc/sensa/index.php/welcome |archivedate=March 5, 2016 }}</ref> katika [[wilaya]] [[sita]] zifuatazo: Njombe Mjini (wakazi 130,233), Njombe Vijijini (wakazi 85,747), Makambako (wakazi 93,827), Makete (wakazi 97,266), Ludewa (wakazi 133,218), Wanging'ombe (wakazi 161,816). Mwaka 20222 mchanganuo katika [[wilaya]] zake [[sita]] ni kwama ifuatavyo: [[Wilaya ya Njombe Mjini|Njombe Mjini]] (wakazi 182,127), [[Wilaya ya Njombe Vijijini|Njombe Vijijini]] (wakazi 109,311), [[Wilaya ya Makambako|Makambako]] (wakazi 146,481), [[Wilaya ya Makete|Makete]] (wakazi 109,160), [[Wilaya ya Ludewa|Ludewa]] (wakazi 151,361), [[Wilaya ya Wanging'ombe|Wanging'ombe]] (wakazi 191,506). [[kabila|Makabila]] makubwa ya wenyeji mkoani [[Njombe]] ni [[Wabena]], [[Wakinga]] na [[Wapangwa]], na uwiano wao ni 37:11:3. Kabila la Wabena liko wilaya ya Njombe na eneo la [[Malangali]] likiwa linapakana na [[wilaya ya Ulanga]] na [[wilaya ya Mlimba]] ([[Mkoa wa Morogoro]]), Wakinga wako wilaya ya Makete na Wapangwa wako katika [[wilaya ya Ludewa]]. Yapo pia makabila madogo kama vile [[Wawanji]], [[Wakisi]], [[Wamanda]], [[Wamagoma]] n.k. ambao kwa ujumla wao wanachukua [[asilimia]] 6 iliyosalia ya watu mkoani. Karibu wakazi wote wa mkoa ni [[Wakristo]], hasa [[Walutheri]] na [[Wakatoliki]]. ==Majimbo ya bunge== Wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa Tanzania mwaka 2015 mkoa huu ulikuwa na majimbo ya uchaguzi yafuatayo: * Njombe Kaskazini : mbunge ni [[Joram Hongoli]] ([[CCM]]) * Njombe Kusini : mbunge ni [[Edward Mwalongo]] ([[CCM]]) * Makambako : mbunge ni [[Deo Kasenyenda Sanga]] ([[CCM]]) * Wanging'ombe : mbunge ni [[Gerson Hosea Lwenge]] ([[CCM]]) * Makete : mbunge ni Dk. [[Norman Adamson Sigalla]] ([[CCM]]) * Ludewa : mbunge ni Ndugu. Joseph Zacharius Kamonga ([[CCM]]) ==Tazama pia== * [[Orodha ya milima ya mkoa wa Njombe]] * [[Orodha ya mito ya mkoa wa Njombe]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} {{Wilaya za Mkoa wa Njombe}} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{mbegu-jio-njombe}} [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|N]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Njombe| ]] i7zly47et6ehgxtx0b6o4n4oxevajc5 0 72158 1612143 1581967 2026-10-31T06:39:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612143 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St Denis transept south.jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kioo cha rangi]] chenye [[umbo]] la [[waridi]] katika [[Basilika]] la [[Denis wa Paris|Mtakatifu Denis]], [[Ufaransa]], ambacho kinaonyesha vizazi vya ukoo wa Yesu kuanzia [[Yese]].]] [[File:Genealogy of Jesus mosaic at Chora (1).jpg|thumb|270px|[[Kuba (jengo)]] ya [[kusini]] katika [[kanisa]] la [[Chora]], [[Istanbul]], inayoonyesha vizazi vya Yesu kuanzia Adamu.]] {{Yesu Kristo}} '''Ukoo wa Yesu''' unapatikana katika [[vitabu]] viwili vya [[Agano Jipya]]: [[Injili ya Mathayo]] ambayo inaorodhesha [[kizazi|vizazi]] kuanzia [[Abrahamu]] hadi kwa [[Yosefu (mume wa Maria)]], na [[Injili ya Luka]] inayorudi nyuma kuanzia Yosefu hadi kwa [[Adamu]], aliyeumbwa na [[Mungu]] mwenyewe. [[Injili]] hizo zote [[mbili]] zinasisitiza kwamba Yosefu si [[mzazi]] wa [[Yesu]], kwa kuwa [[Bikira Maria]] alipata [[mimba]] kwa uwezo wa [[Roho Mtakatifu]]. Pia zinasisitiza kwamba Yesu ni [[Mwana wa Daudi]], yaani kwa njia ya Yosefu, ambaye kinasaba anatokana na [[mfalme]] huyo maarufu wa [[Agano la Kale]], ana [[haki]] ya kurithi [[cheo]] chake. Hata hivyo [[Jina|majina]] mengi ni tofauti katika orodha hizo mbili, kiasi kwamba [[wataalamu]] wanatoa maelezo mbalimbali kuhusiana na [[desturi]] za [[Israeli]] wakati ule, kwa mfano katika kutumia orodha ya vizazi, na kutokana na malengo ya [[Wainjili]] hao<ref>Marcus J. Borg, John Dominic Crossan, The First Christmas (HarperCollins, 2009) page 95.</ref><ref>R. T. France, ''The Gospel According to Matthew: An Introduction and Commentary'' (Eerdmans, 1985) page 71.</ref>, ambao wote wawili walitaka kusisitiza kihisabati kwamba Yesu amefika kwa wakati mwafaka uliopangwa na Mungu kwa makini (vizazi 14x3 kadiri ya Mathayo; 7x11 kadiri ya Luka). Akiwaandikia [[Wayahudi]], [[mwinjili Mathayo]] alitaka kusisitiza kwamba Yesu ni Daudi mpya, lakini pia mrithi wa Abrahamu katika kuwa [[baraka]] kwa [[mataifa]] yote. Akiwaandikia watu wa mataifa, [[mwinjili Luka]] alitaka kuonyesha kwamba Yesu ni mwana wa Adamu, hivyo anahusiana na [[binadamu]] wote. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Genealogy of Jesus Christ}} *[http://www.wga.hu/html/m/michelan/3sistina/6lunette/ Information on the Michelangelo frescoes] *[http://www.greeknewtestament.com/B40C001.htm#V16 Multiple translations] *[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/emmerich/lifemary.v.html Anne Catherine Emmerich, ''Life of the Blessed Virgin Mary''] *[http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/genealogy_of_Jesus.htm Bible Study Manual on Genealogy of Jesus]{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140916190326/http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/genealogy_of_jesus.htm Genealogy of Jesus] at Complete-Bible-Genealogy.com *[http://www.direct.ca/trinity/duel.html Dueling Genealogies] Why there are two different genealogies for Jesus. *[http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt11.html New Light on the Genealogies of Jesus] {{Wayback|url=http://www.rtforum.org/lt/lt11.html |date=20140713152007 }} {{mbegu-Biblia}} [[Category:Yesu Kristo]] [[Category:Injili]] jcxnh6uwkw85n558kk9q0vfaazl13mu 0 76313 1612099 1267149 2026-10-30T20:30:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{uainishaji |rangi= pink | jina = Primata | picha = Olive baboon.jpg | upana_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = [[Nyani wa kawaida]], [[kima (mnyama)|kima]] wa Dunia ya Kale | domeni = [[Eukaryota]] | himaya = [[Mnyama|Animalia]] <small>(Wanyama)</small> | faila = [[Chordata]] <small>(Wanyama wenye ugwe wa neva mgongoni)</small> | ngeli = [[Mamalia]] <small>(wenye viwele wanaonyonyesha wadogo wao)</small> | oda = '''Primates''' <small>(Wanyama wanaofanana kiasi na binadamu)</small> | bingwa_wa_oda = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | subdivision = '''Nusuoda 2, oda za chini 4:''' * [[Haplorhini]] <small>[[Reginald Innes Pocock|Pocock]], 1918</small> ** [[Simiiformes]] <small>[[Ernst Haeckel|Haecker]], 1866</small> ** [[Tarsiiformes]] <small>[[William King Gregory|Gregory]], 1915</small> * [[Strepsirrhini]] <small>[[Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire|É.Geoffroy]], 1812</small> ** †[[Adapiformes]] <small>[[Robert Hoffstetter|Hoffstetter]], 1977</small> ** [[Lemuriformes]] <small>[[William King Gregory|Gregory]], 1915</small> }} '''Primata''' ni [[Majina ya kisayansi|jina la kitaalamu]] la [[kundi]] takriban [[spishi]] 400 za [[mamalia]] wanaojumlisha [[lemuri]], [[nyani]] na [[sokwe]] wote pamoja na [[binadamu]]. Wote huwa na [[Mkono|mikono]] yenye [[vidole]] 5 na [[kucha]] na wanafanana na binadamu kwa namna fulani katika mengine kadhaa. Tofauti muhimu ni [[lugha]]. Wanahesabiwa kuwa na vikundi au [[nusuoda]] 2: # [[Haplorhini]] (wenye [[pua]] kavu) ni pamoja na nyani, sokwe na binadamu. # [[Strepsirhini]] (wenye pua bichi) ni [[lemuri]], [[komba]] na [[Aye-Aye]]. == Uenezi == [[Binadamu]] pekee amesambaa kote [[Dunia|duniani]]. Primata wengine wanaishi hasa katika maeneo ya [[tropiki]] na [[nusutropiki]] ya [[Afrika]] na [[Asia]]. [[Bara|Barani]] Afrika wako kote na [[idadi]] kubwa ya spishi wako [[kusini kwa Sahara]]. Katika [[Amerika]] wako kati ya [[Meksiko]] na [[Arjentina]] ya [[kaskazini]]. Hawako [[Ulaya]] isipokuwa kundi moja huko [[Gibraltar]] ([[kusini]] mwa [[rasi ya Iberia]]) lakini inawezekana hao walipelekwa huko na binadamu. Vilevile hawako [[Asia ya Kaskazini]] na [[asia ya Kati|ya Kati]], [[Australia]] na [[Kisiwa|visiwa]] vya [[Pasifiki]] wala maeneo karibu na [[ncha za dunia]]. == Tabia == Tabia zifuatazo zinapatikana * mikono inafaa kwa kushika * kucha ni bapa, ni kucha kali za kuchimba au za kujitetea; huwa na vifinyo kwenye vidole * [[Mguu|miguu]] ni muhimu zaidi kwa kutembea * uwezo wa kunusa ni mkali sana, na hafifu zaidi kwa primates wanaofanya shughuli zao mchana * [[Jicho|macho]] ni makubwa na yote mawili yanatazama mbele, uwezo wa kuona ni wa juu * wanazaa [[Mtoto|watoto]] wachache kila safari, [[mimba]] na kipindi cha kunyonyesha wadogo huchukua [[muda]] mrefu zaidi kuliko mamalia wengine wenye ukubwa sawa * [[ubongo]] ni mkubwa kulingana na mamalia wengine * [[meno]] ya magego si zaidi ya matatu, machonge mawili na magego madogo matatu == Ukubwa == Wale wa nusuoda Strepsirhini kwa jumla ni wadogo kuliko Haplorhini. Aina ndogo zaidi kati ya primata ni [[Lemuri-panya]] ya Berthe mwenye [[urefu]] wa [[sentimita]] 10 pekee na [[uzito]] wa [[Kilogramu|gramu]] 38. Aina kubwa ni [[ngagi]] (gorilla) yenye [[kilogramu]] hadi 275, Spishi kadhaa wana tofauti kubwa kati ya [[dume]] na [[jike]]; dume wa spishi hizo wanaweza kuwa na uzito mara mbili kuliko jike na pia kuonyesha [[rangi]] tofauti kama nyani wa [[Papio hamadryas]]. ==Viungo vya mwili== Primata wengi hukalia [[Mti|miti]] na [[viungo]] vyao vinalingana na [[maisha]] yao. Kwa spishi nyingi miguu ni mikubwa na yenye [[nguvu]] zaidi kuliko mikono, isipokuwa [[Giboni]] wa [[Asia Kusini-Mashariki]] na sokwe wakubwa wasio binadamu. Katika spishi zinazotembea mtini kwa kuning’inia kwa mikono [[kidole gumba]] kimefifia. [[Mkia]] ni muhimu kwa primata wengi wanaoishi mtini lakini spishi nyingine wana mkia mdogo au hawana. Nyani kadhaa wa [[Amerika]] wana mkia wa kushikilia usio na nywele upande wa chini wenye [[neva]] muhimu. == Manyoya == [[Mwili]] wa primata wengi umefunikwa na [[nywele]] zenye rangi baina ya [[Rangi nyeupe|nyeupe]], [[kijivu]], [[kahawia]] hadi [[nyeusi]]. Viganja kwa kawaida havina nywele. Spishi kadhaa hazina nywele [[uso|usoni]]. Binadamu ni spishi yenye nywele chache. ==Makazi== Inaaminiwa kuwa primata kiasili waliishi mtini na hadi leo wengine wana maisha yao mtini pekee ambao hawatembei ardhini. Wengine wanaishi chini na juu pia. Wanaotembea kwenye uso wa ardhi pekee ni wachache pamoja na binadamu. Primata wanapatikana kwenye aina mbalimbali za [[Msitu|misitu]] kama vile [[msitu wa mvua]], [[mikoko]] na pia kwenye misitu ya [[mlima|mlimani]] hadi [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 3000 [[juu ya UB]]. Spishi nyingine zinaogopa [[maji]] lakini kuna pia aina zinazopenda maji zinajua hata kuogelea. Spishi kadhaa zimezoea [[mazingira]] ya binadamu zinazoishi kwenye [[Kijiji|vijiji]] na [[Mji|miji]] kama makaka wa [[Uhindi]]. Kimsingi strepsirhini (wenye pua bichi) wanafanya shughuli zao wakati wa [[usiku]] na kulala [[mchana]] lakini haplorhini (wenye pua kavu) wanafanya shughuli zao machana na kulala usiku. Wale wanaofanya shughuli zao usiku kwa jumla ni wadogo zaidi na wana uwezo mzuri zaidi wa kunusu. Sawa na mamalia wengine wale wanaokula hasa [[Jani|majani]] wanapumzika muda mrefu zaidi wakihitaji muda mrefu kumeng'enya [[chakula]] chao. == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons|Primates}} * [http://pin.primate.wisc.edu Primate Info Net] * [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Primates.html Primates] at [[Animal Diversity Web]] * [http://www.pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ Primate Research Institute], [[Kyoto University]] * [http://primate-brain.org High-Resolution Cytoarchitectural Primate Brain Atlases] {{Wayback|url=http://primate-brain.org/ |date=20191011040440 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190903011242/http://www.euprim-net.eu/ EUPRIM-Net: European Primate Network] * [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/PCLNatHist PrimateImages: Natural History Collection] * [http://tolweb.org/Primates/15963 Tree of Life web project] {{Wayback|url=http://tolweb.org/Primates/15963 |date=20110426005553 }} [[Jamii:Binadamu na jamaa]] mkwsm90a8nsaogs914ljzvu6uaf5ibg 0 90842 1612115 1596258 2026-10-31T00:52:04Z Tbm 44189 /* Orodha ya Kaunti za Kenya */ 1612115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Kenya, administrative divisions - en - colored.svg|thumb|Kaunti za Kenya.]] '''Kaunti za Kenya''' ([[:en: Counties of Kenya]]) ni maeneo ya kiutawala ya [[Kenya]] tangu kuadhimishwa kwa [[katiba ya mwaka 2010]]<ref>Article 6, Devolution and access to Services, The 2010 Constitution of Kenya</ref>. [[Katiba]] hiyo inaeleza kuwepo kwa [[kaunti]] 47 nchini katika mafungu 191 na 192, pamoja na ‘County Governments Act of 2012”. Kaunti hizi zilichukua nafasi za [[Mikoa ya Kenya]]. Mipaka ya kaunti iliwekwa kulingana na mipaka ya wilaya za kenya zilizokuwa zimeanzishwa kisheria mwaka wa 1992. Mipaka ya kaunti hizo ni pia msingi wa [[majimbo ya uchaguzi|maeneo ya uchaguzi]] wa mwakilishi mwanamke wa kaunti, [[seneta]] na [[gavana]]. <ref>Article 98, (1) (a), Membership of the Senate, the 2010 Constitution of Kenya</ref><ref>Article 97, (1) (b) Membership of the National Assembly, The 2010 Constitution of Kenya</ref> == Serikali == === Utendaji katika Kaunti === Utendaji wa kaunti una wajibu wa kutekeleza madaraka ya serikali ya kaunti. Gavana ndiye mtendaji mkuu na husaidiwa na naibu wa gavana. Kila kaunti ina kamati ya utendaji iliyoundwa na<ref>[http://www.klrc.go.ke/index.php/constitution-of-kenya/140-chapter-eleven-devolved-government/part-2-county-governments/348-179-county-executive-committees "179. County executive committees"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.klrc.go.ke/index.php/constitution-of-kenya/140-chapter-eleven-devolved-government/part-2-county-governments/348-179-county-executive-committees |date=20220925195745 }}. Kenya Law Reform Commission. 29 August 2012.</ref>: * Gavana * Naibu wa gavana * Kamati ya watu wasiozidi thuluthi ya wabunge wa kaunti au watu kumi, ambapo bunge la kaunti lina watu zaidi ya 30 * Katibu wa kaunti Kazi ya utendaji ni: * Kutekeleza sheria za bunge la kaunti * Kutekeleza sheria za kitaifa ndani ya mipaka ya kaunti * Kuendesha na kuratibu shughuli za utawala wa kaunti na idara zake * Kutayarisha miswada ya sheria na kuzipeleka katika bunge la kaunti * Kuwajibika kwa bunge la kaunti na wananchi wa kaunti === Bunge la Kaunti === Kila kaunti ina bunge. Wajumbe huchaguliwa kutoka wadi za kaunti katika uchaguzi mkuu. Pia, kuna wajumbe wa kuteuliwa ambao huwakilisha vikundi vilivyotengwa, vijana na kwa ajili ya kusawazisha uwakilishi wa jinsia. Wajumbe hutumikia kwa muhula wa miaka mitano. Bunge huongozwa na spika ambaye hafai kuwa mjumbe. Majukumu yake ni: * kuchuja na kuthibitisha waliopendekezwa kuteuliwa katika ofisi za umma katika kaunti * Kutengeneza sheria za kaunti * kuthibitisha bajeti na matumizi ya serikali ya kaunti * kuthibitisha mikopo ya kaunti * kuthibitisha mipango ya maendeleo ya kaunti * kuwajibisha utendaji wa kaunti ==Orodha ya Kaunti za Kenya== {| class="sortable wikitable" |- ! Namba || Kaunti ||Mkoa wa zamani || Eneo<br>(km²) || Wakazi<br>(Sensa 2009) || Makao Makuu |- | 1 || [[Kaunti ya Mombasa|Mombasa]] (Kaunti) || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|212.5 || align="right"|939,370 || [[Mombasa]] (Jiji) |- | 2 || [[Kaunti ya Kwale|Kwale]] || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|8,270.3 || align="right"|649,931 || [[Kwale]] |- | 3 || [[Kaunti ya Kilifi|Kilifi]] || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|12,245.9 || align="right"|1,109,735 || [[Kilifi]] |- | 4 || [[Kaunti ya Tana River|Tana River]] || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|35,375.8 || align="right"|240,075 || [[Hola, Kenya|Hola]] |- | 5 || [[Kaunti ya Lamu|Lamu]] || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|6,497.7 || align="right"|101,539 || [[Lamu]] |- | 6 || [[Kaunti ya Taita–Taveta|Taita–Taveta]] || [[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] || align="right"|17,083.9 || align="right"|284,657 || [[Mwatate]] |- | 7 || [[Kaunti ya Garissa|Garissa]] || [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Mashariki (Kenya)| Kaskazini-Mashariki]] || align="right"|45,720.2 || align="right"|623,060 || [[Garissa]] |- | 8 || [[Kaunti ya wajir|Wajir]] || [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Mashariki (Kenya)| Kaskazini-Mashariki]] || align="right"|55,840.6 || align="right"|661,941 || [[Wajir]] |- | 9 || [[Kaunti ya Mandera|Mandera]] || [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini-Mashariki (Kenya)| Kaskazini-Mashariki]] || align="right"|25,797.7 || align="right"|1,025,756 || [[Mandera]] |- | 10 || [[Kaunti ya Marsabit|Marsabit]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|66,923.1 || align="right"|291,166 || [[Marsabit]] |- | 11 || [[Kaunti ya Isiolo|Isiolo]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|25,336.1 || align="right"|143,294 || [[Isiolo]] |- | 12 || [[Kaunti ya Meru|Meru]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|6,930.1 || align="right"|1,356,301 || [[Meru, Kenya|Meru]] |- | 13 || [[Kaunti ya Tharaka-Nithi|Tharaka-Nithi]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|2,409.5 || align="right"|365,330 || [[Chuka, Kenya|Chuka]] |- | 14 || [[Kaunti ya Embu|Embu]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|2,555.9 || align="right"|516,212 || [[Embu, Kenya|Embu]] |- | 15 || [[Kaunti ya Kitui|Kitui]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|24,385.1 || align="right"|1,012,709 || [[Kitui]] |- | 16 || [[Kaunti ya Machakos|Machakos]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|5,952.9 || align="right"|1,098,584 || [[Machakos]] |- | 17 || [[Kaunti ya Makueni|Makueni]] || [[Mkoa wa Mashariki (Kenya)|Mashariki]] || align="right"|8,008.9 || align="right"|884,527 || [[Wote]] |- | 18 || [[Kaunti ya Nyandarua|Nyandarua]] || [[Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)|Kati]] || align="right"|3,107.7 || align="right"|596,268 || [[Ol Kalou]] |- | 19 || [[Kaunti ya Nyeri|Nyeri]] || [[Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)|Kati]] || align="right"|2,361.0 || align="right"|693,558 || [[Nyeri]] |- | 20 || [[Kaunti ya Kirinyaga|Kirinyaga]] || [[Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)|Kati]] || align="right"|1,205.4 || align="right"|528,054 || [[Kerugoya]] / [[Kutus]] |- | 21 || [[Kaunti ya Murang'a|Murang'a]] || [[Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)|Kati]] || align="right"|2,325.8 || align="right"|942,581 || [[Murang'a]] |- | 22 || [[Kaunti ya Kiambu|Kiambu]] || [[Mkoa wa Kati (Kenya)|Kati]] || align="right"|2,449.2 || align="right"|1,623,282 || [[Kiambu]] |- | 23 || [[Kaunti ya Turkana|Turkana]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|71,597.8 || align="right"|855,399 || [[Lodwar]] |- | 24 || [[Kaunti ya West Pokot|West Pokot]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|8,418.2 || align="right"|512,690 || [[Kapenguria]] |- | 25 || [[Kaunti ya Samburu|Samburu]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|20,182.5 || align="right"|223,947 || [[Maralal]] |- | 26 || [[Kaunti ya Trans-Nzoia|Trans-Nzoia]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|2,469.9 || align="right"|818,757 || [[Kitale]] |- | 27 || [[Kaunti ya Uasin Gishu|Uasin Gishu]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|2,955.3 || align="right"|894,179 || [[Eldoret]] |- | 28 || [[Kaunti ya Elgeyo-Marakwet|Elgeyo-Marakwet]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|3,049.7 || align="right"|369,998 || [[Iten]] |- | 29 || [[Kaunti ya Nandi|Nandi]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|2,884.5 || align="right"|752,965 || [[Kapsabet]] |- | 30 || [[Kaunti ya Baringo|Baringo]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|11,075.3 || align="right"|555,561 || [[Kabarnet]] |- | 31 || [[Kaunti ya Laikipia|Laikipia]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|8,696.1 || align="right"|399,227 || [[Rumuruti]] |- | 32 || [[Kaunti ya Nakuru|Nakuru]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|7,509.5 || align="right"|1,603,325 || [[Nakuru]] |- | 33 || [[Kaunti ya Narok|Narok]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|17,921.2 || align="right"|850,920 || [[Narok]] |- | 34 || [[Kaunti ya Kajiado|Kajiado]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|21,292.7 || align="right"|687,312 || [[Kajiado]] |- | 35 || [[Kaunti ya Kericho|Kericho]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|2,454.5 || align="right"|752,396 || [[Kericho]] |- | 36 || [[Kaunti ya Bomet|Bomet]] || [[Mkoa wa Bonde la Ufa | Bonde la Ufa]] || align="right"|1,997.9 || align="right"|730,129 || [[Bomet]] |- | 37 || [[Kaunti ya Kakamega|Kakamega]] || [[Mkoa wa Magharibi|Magharibi]] || align="right"|3,033.8 || align="right"|1,660,651 || [[Kakamega]] |- | 38 || [[Kaunti ya Vihiga|Vihiga]] || [[Mkoa wa Magharibi|Magharibi]] || align="right"|531.3 || align="right"|554,622 || [[Vihiga]] |- | 39 || [[Kaunti ya Bungoma|Bungoma]] || [[Mkoa wa Magharibi|Magharibi]] || align="right"|2,206.9 || align="right"|1,375,063 || [[Bungoma]] |- | 40 || [[Kaunti ya Busia|Busia]] || [[Mkoa wa Magharibi|Magharibi]] || align="right"|1,628.4 || align="right"|743,946 || [[Busia, Kenya|Busia]] |- | 41 || [[Kaunti ya Siaya|Siaya]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|2,496.1 || align="right"|842,304 || [[Siaya]] |- | 42 || [[Kaunti ya Kisumu|Kisumu]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|2,009.5 || align="right"|968,909 || [[Kisumu]] (Jiji) |- | 43 || [[Kaunti ya Homa Bay|Homa Bay]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|3,154.7 || align="right"|963,794 || [[Homa Bay]] |- | 44 || [[Kaunti ya Migori|Migori]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|2,586.4 || align="right"|917,170 || [[Migori]] |- | 45 || [[Kaunti ya Kisii|Kisii]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|1,317.9 || align="right"|1,152,282 || [[Kisii, Kenya|Kisii]] |- | 46 || [[Kaunti ya Nyamira|Nyamira]] || [[Mkoa_wa_Nyanza|Nyanza]] || align="right"|912.5 || align="right"|598,252 || [[Nyamira]] |- | 47 || [[Kaunti ya Nairobi|Nairobi]] (Kaunti) || [[Mkoa wa Nairobi|Nairobi]] (Mkoa) || align="right"|694.9 || align="right"|3,138,369 || [[Nairobi]] (Jiji) |- ! || || || align="right"|581,309.0 || align="right"|38,610,097 || [[Nairobi]] |} == Kazi ya Serikali == Serikali za kaunti zina wajibu wa kutunga sheria katika mabunge ya kaunti na utendaji katika kaunti. Kazi ya kaunti kulingana na kiambatisho cha nne cha katiba ni: # Ukulima, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* mimea na ufugaji wa wanyama #* maeneo ya uuzaji wa mifugo #* vichinjio vya kaunti #* udhibiti wa magonjwa ya wanyama na mimea #* uvuvi # Huduma za afya #* vifaa vya afya vya kaunti na maduka ya dawa #* huduma za ambulensi #* ukuzaji wa huduma msingi za afya #* utoaji leseni na udhibiti wa shughuli zinazohusu uuzaji wa vyakula kwa umma #* huduma za afya ya mifugo #* makaburi, mochari na vifaa vya uchomaji maiti #* kuondoa taka na maeneo ya kutupia taka # Udhibiti wa uchafuzi wa hewa, kelele, kero zinginezo kwa umma na matangazo ya nje # Shughuli za kitamaduni, burudani za umma na maeneo ya umma, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* kamari, kasino na aina nyingineyo ya kamari #* mbio #* utoaji leseni za pombe #* sinema #* maonyesho ya video na ukodishaji wake #* maktaba #* makumbusho #* shughuli za michezo na utamaduni na maeneo yake #* bustani, fuko na maeneo ya starehe # Usafiri katika kaunti, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* barabara za kaunti #* mataa ya barabarani #* trafiki na maegesho #* usafiri wa umma barabarani #* feri na bandari, isipokuwa udhibiti wa mambo yanayohusiana na usafiri wa meli wa kitaifa na kimataifa . # Udhibiti wa wanyama na ustawi wao, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* kutoa leseni za mbwa #* maeneo ya malazi, utunzaji na uzikaji wa wanyama # Uendelezaji wa biashara na udhibiti wake, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* masoko #* kutoa leseni za biashara (isipokuwa udhibiti wa wataalamu) #* shughuli za biashara zilizo haki #* utalii wa ndani kwa ndani #* vyama vya ushirika # Upangaji wa kaunti na uendelezaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* takwimu #* usoroveya wa ardhi na uchoraji ramani #* mipaka na nyua #* makazi #* maelekezo ya usambazaji wa umeme na gesi na udhibiti wa nishati # Elimu ya chekechea, vyuo vya ufundi vijijini, vituo vya ufundi na maeneo ya malezi ya watoto # Utekelezaji wa sera maalum za serikali ya kitaifa kuhusu raslimali za kiasili na uhifadhi wa mazingira, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* uhifadhi wa udongo na maji #* misitu # Huduma za kaunti kwa umma, ikiwa ni pamoja na: #* mifumo ya kudhibiti maji kutokana na kibunga #* huduma za maji na usafi # Huduma za zimamoto na udhibiti wa majanga # Udhibiti wa dawa za kulevya na ponografia # Kuhakikisha na kuratibu ushiriki wa jamii na kata katika utawala katika ngazi za mashinani na kusaidia jamii na kata zipate uwezo wa kitawala kwa sababu ya utekelezaji wenye ufanisi wa nguvu na kazi na ushiriki katika utawala katika ngazi za mashinani. ==Marejeo== <references/> {{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of African countries}} [[Jamii:Kenya]] [[Jamii:Orodha]] [[Jamii:Kaunti za Kenya]] [[Jamii:ugatuzi nchi za Afrika|K]] hnvebl84pin6ld7idgmo6ih524z8m7i 0 96281 1612117 1525639 2026-10-31T01:03:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Shilole | picha = Shilole 2016.jpg | jina la kuzaliwa = Zena Yusuph Mohammed | jina lingine = Shishi Trump | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1987|12|20|df=yes}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Igunga]], Tanzania | background = solo_singer | aina = [[Bongo Flava]], [[Zouk]], [[Afro Beat]] | kazi yake = Mwimbaji, mwigizaji, mjasiriamali | miaka ya kazi = 2008&ndash;hadi sasa | studio = | website = }} '''Zuwena Yusuph Mohammed''' (anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Shilole''' au "'''Shishi Baby"''' na '''Shishi Trump'''; amezaliwa [[20 Disemba]] [[1987]]) ni msanii wa maigizo na [[muziki wa kizazi kipya]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JE UNAJUA HISTORIA YA MWANADADA SHILOLE|url=https://mswahilileo.blogspot.com/2017/11/je-unajua-historia-ya-mwanadada-shilole.html|work=JE UNAJUA HISTORIA YA MWANADADA SHILOLE ~ MSWAHILILEO.BLOGSPOT.COM|date=2017-11-09|accessdate=2022-10-18}}</ref> ==Wasifu== ===Maisha ya awali=== '''Shilole''' alizaliwa tarehe [[20 Disemba]] wilayani [[Igunga]], [[Tabora]] [[Tanzania]] mnamo [[1987]]. Amelelewa na mama tu ambaye alifariki akiwa angali mdogo. Kwa sababu hiyo, '''Shilole''' alilazimika kufanya kazi mbalimbali kwa bidii ili ayashinde magumu ya maisha. Maisha ya '''Shilole''' niwa kipekee sana tofauti na wasanii wengi wa [[Tanzania]]. ===Elimu=== Alisoma [[shule ya msingi]] [[Igunga]] mpaka darasa la saba na alifaulu kwenda Igunga [[sekondari]] ingawaje aliishia kidato cha pili baada ya [[ubakaji|kubakwa]] na kubeba [[ujauzito]] akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka 14.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JE UNAJUA HISTORIA YA MWANADADA SHILOLE|url=https://mswahilileo.blogspot.com/2017/11/je-unajua-historia-ya-mwanadada-shilole.html|work=JE UNAJUA HISTORIA YA MWANADADA SHILOLE ~ MSWAHILILEO.BLOGSPOT.COM|date=2017-11-09|accessdate=2022-10-18}}</ref> ===Maisha baada ya masomo=== Baada ya kuishia kidato cha pili alianza kujishughulisha na [[biashara]] ndogondogo kama za kuuza [[maji]] na [[mikate]] katika stendi ya magari ya [[Igunga]], kipindi hicho akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, pia alikuwa akisambaza mikate katika [[nyumba]] za [[watu]]. Baada ya hapo alianza kujitegemea kwa kupanga [[chumba]] chake mwenyewe kwa kulipia [[kodi]] ya [[shilingi]] 3000 kwa [[mwezi]], alifanya hivyo kwa miaka miwili. Kazi anazofanya sasa ni [[mwanamuziki]] na [[mjasiriamali]]. ==Maisha binafsi== Mbali ya muziki na uigizaji Shilole vilevile ni mjasiriamali anayejishughulisha na biashara ndogondogo na za mama ntilie. Jambo ambalo sio rahisi kwa wasanii wengi wa maigizo wa [[Tanzania]]. [[Mgahawa]] wake unaitwa '''Shishi Food''.<ref>[http://bongo5.com/shilole-aeleza-kwanini-mgahawa-wake-ameupa-jina-trump-food-02-2017/ Shilole aeleza kwanini mgahawa wake ameupa jina ‘Shishi Food’ (Video)] katika wavuti ya [[Bongo5]]. Ingizo la February 21, 2017 .</ref> '''Shilole''' ndiye msanii wa kwanza wa kike wa muziki wa kizazi kipya kupata wafuasi wengi zaidi ya milioni moja katika akaunti yake ya [[Instagram]] - kabla kuja kushika nafasi ya nne baada ya wasanii wengine kama akina [[Wema Sepetu]] ambao wameonekana kushikilia taji hilo kwa muda mrefu.<ref>[http://bongo5.com/hawa-ndio-mastaa-20-wa-kike-bongo-wenye-followers-wengi-instagram-01-2017/ Hawa ndio mastaa 20 wa kike Bongo wenye followers wengi Instagram] katika wavuti ya [[Bongo5]]. Ingizo la January 26, [[2017]].</ref> Vilevile Shilole ni msanii pekee wa [[Bongo Flava]] na filamu kutoka [[Tanzania]], ambaye haioni aibu wala hajisikii vibaya kutojua kwake [[Kiingereza]]. Amekuwa mwepesi sana kutaka kujua Kiingereza na wala haoni aibu juu ya suala hilo. Vicheko na kebehi zote hazijawahi kumshughulisha kabisa.<ref>[http://millardayo.com/sh24/ VIDEO: Shilole alivyoongea Kiingereza na Mashabiki Wasafi Beach Party] wavuti ya [[Millard Ayo]]. Ingizo la December 26, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/sipangiwi-kuzungumza-kiingereza-shilole Sipangiwi kuzungumza Kiingereza - Shilole:] {{Wayback|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/sipangiwi-kuzungumza-kiingereza-shilole |date=20220704130332 }} katika wavuti ya East Africa TV. Ingizo la 22nd Mar , 2017.</ref><ref>[http://bongo5.com/kuongea-kingereza-ni-kipaji-shilole-05-2016/ Kuongea Kiingereza ni kipaji – Shilole] wavuti ya Bongo5. Ingizo la May 12, [[2016]].</ref> Kimaisha, Shilole na [[Diamond Platnumz]] ni wasanii ambao wanapenda sana au hawaoni tabu kuweka maisha yao halisi hadharani ukilinganisha na [[wasanii]] wengine. '''Shilole''' amepitia maisha ya dhiki mno, hadi kufikia hapa si kingine bali juhudi binafsi. Ni miongoni mwa wasanii waliolewa katika umri mdogo, kuyapita mazima madhila ya dunia hadi kuwa msanii mkubwa. Mwingi wa masihara, asiyendekeza kununa ovyo.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qscebqVthsI SHILOLE Awavunja Mbavu Wanawake Kwenye #WonderWomen By Zamaradi Mketema] Idhaa ya Dizzim Online kwenye [[Youtube]]</ref> ==Filamu== Shilole alianza kupata umaarufu baada ya kucheza filamu ya "Fair Decision" (2010) ambayo ndani kacheza na [[Vincent Kigosi]] (Ray), [[Irene Uwoya]], [[Mwanaidi Suka]], [[Blandina Changula]], [[Jennifer Kyaka]] na [[Jacob Stephen]] (JB). Filamu zingine ni pamoja na ''Don’t Play'', ''Chungu ya Nafsi'', ''Curse of Marriage'',''Zawadi ya Birthday'' na ''Talaka Yangu'']]. '''Baadhi ya filamu alizocheza Shilole''': *''Don’t Play *''Chungu ya Nafsi *''Curse of Marriage *''The Lost MinDiv *''Baamed *''Macho Yangu *''Kisasi cha Jessica *''Azma *''Zawadi ya Birthday *''Mafisadi wa Mapenzi *''Talaka Yangu *''Hazina ya Marehemu *''Fair Decision *''The Morning Alarm *''Bed Rest ==Muziki== '''Shilole''' hakukaa muda mrefu sana katika uwanja wa maigizo kabla kuhamia mazima katika tasnia ya muziki wa [[Bongo Flava]] na kutoa vibao kama vile ''Lawama'' mwaka [[2013]], ''Dume Dada'' (2013), ''Paka la Bar'' (2013) ambazo zote zilikuwa katika muundo wa mduara. Kabla kubadili muziki wa aina hiyo na kufanya bongo Flava kamili kwa kutoa kibao kama vile, ''Nakomaa na Jiji'' maka [[2014]] wimbo ambao baadaye biti yake ilikuja kutumiwa na [[Queen Darleen]] katika wimbo wake wa ''Wanatetemeka'', ''Chuna Buzi'' (2014), ''Namchuka'' mwaka [[2015]], ''Malele'' (2015), ''Nyang’anyang’a''mwaka [[2016]], ''Say My Name'' (2016), ''Hatutoi Kiki'' (2016) ambayo remix yake ilitoka Aprili mwaka [[2017]] akishirikiana na Iyo - na ''Kigori'' (2017). ===Albamu=== Baadhi ya nyimbo za Shilole: *Lawama (2013) *Dume Dada (2013) *Paka la Bar (2013) *Nakomaa na Jiji (2014) *Chuna Buzi (2014) *Namchuka (2015) *Malele (2015) *Nyang’anyang’a (2016) *Say My Name (2016) *Hatutoi Kiki (2016) *Kigori (2017) *Sitoi Kiki (2017) === Uhusiano na Brand === * Mnamo 2016, alijiunga na Dume Condoms Tanzania kuwa balozi wake. * Mnamo 2015, aliteuliwa na chama tawala Tanzania, [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi|CCM]], kuwa mmoja wa wasanii wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika kuhamasisha wapiga kura kwa mgombea urais wa wakati huo, marehemu Dkt. John Pombe Magufuli, ambaye alishinda uchaguzi. * Mnamo 2018, alijiunga na Tanzania Telecommunications Limited (TTCL), kampuni ya mawasiliano ya umma, kuwa balozi wake. * Mnamo 2017, alianzisha Shishi Foods, mlolongo wa migahawa ya vyakula vya Kiswahili katika mji mkuu wa kibiashara wa Tanzania, [[Dar es Salaam]]. * Shilole sasa ni mfanyabiashara mahiri anayemiliki mgahawa maarufu uitwao Shishi Food ambao umepanua shughuli zake hadi [[Dodoma]]. Mgahawa wa Shishi Food unaendesha huduma zake hasa katika mikoa miwili, yaani [[Dar es Salaam]] na [[Dodoma]]. ==Tazama pia== *[[Queen Darleen]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1987}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-TZ}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:WikiGap JWK 2026]] pvl9eqxmpgpjkk85njxsk8xo4fk98mb 0 98339 1612123 1601065 2026-10-31T02:08:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki''' ni mpango wa kila [[mwaka]] wa [[watoto]] wa kimataifa unaotekelezwa na PJSC Gazprom. Lengo la programu ni kukuza [[maadili]] ya [[vijana]] na kuwa na shauku ya kujenga [[afya]] kupitia [[soka]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.sportindustry.biz/news/football-friendship-project-returns</nowiki></ref>. Katika mfumo wa programu hii, [[wachezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wenye [[umri]] wa miaka 12 kutoka nchi mbalimbali<ref>inserbia.info/today/2014/04/gazproms-football-for-friendship-2014</ref> hushiriki katika jukwaa la watoto la kimataifa, Kombe la Dunia katika "Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki", Siku ya Kimataifa ya Soka na Urafiki<ref>www.newswire.ca/en/story/1505319/europe-and-asia-to-meet-within-football-for-friendship-international-children-s-social-project-of-gazprom</ref>. Programu inawezeshwa na FIFA, UEFA, UN, Kamati za Olimpiki na Paralympic, serikali na vyama vya soka vya nchi mbalimbali, Wafadhili wa Kimataifa, taasis  za umma, vilabu vya soka vinavyoongoza ulimwenguni<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/futbol-dlya-druzhby-2018-obyavleny-imena-uchastnikov-programmy-ot-rossii-1401229/|title="Футбол для дружбы" 2018: объявлены имена участников программы от России!|date=2018-04-25|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-16}}</ref>. Mratibu wa kimataifa wa programu hii ni Shirika la mawasiliano la AGT (Urusi).<ref>www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-meet-at-third-international-childrens-football-for-friendship-forum-506472841.html</ref> == Historia == === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2013 === Jukwaa la kwanza la kimataifa la Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki la watoto lilifanyika tarehe 25 Mei 2013, huko London. Watoto 670 kutoka nchi 8 walishiriki: kutoka Bulgaria, Uingereza, Hungaria, Ujerumani, Ugiriki, Urusi, Serbia na Slovenia. Urusi iliwakilishwa na timu 11 za mpira wa miguu kutoka majiji 11 ambayo yataandaa mechi za Kombe la Dunia la FIFA mwaka 2018. Timu za watoto za  Zenit, Chelsea, Schalke 04, vilabu vya Crvena Zvezda, washindi wa siku ya michezo ya watoto wa Gazprom na washindi wa tamasha ya Fakel pia walishiriki kwenye jukwaa hilo.<ref><nowiki>https://archive.today/20150515191023/http:/fcbusiness.co.uk/news/article/newsitem=2379/title=franz+beckenbauer+kicks+off+gazprom%92s+%91football+for+friendship%92+campaign</nowiki></ref> Wakati wa jukwaa, watoto walizungumza na wenzao kutoka nchi nyingine na wanasoka maarufu na pia walihudhuria fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa wa Ulaya mwaka 2012/2013 katika uwanja wa Wembley.<ref>www.ntv.ru/sport/627113</ref> Matokeo ya jukwaa ilikuwa barua ya wazi ambayo watoto waliunda viwango vinane vya programu: urafiki, usawa, haki, afya, amani, uaminifu, ushindi na mila. Baadaye barua hiyo ilipelekwa kwa wakuu wa UEFA, FIFA na IOC<ref><nowiki>https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/marketing/sponsorship/partners/gazprom.html</nowiki></ref>. Mwezi Septemba 2013, wakati wa mkutano na Vladimir Putin na Vitaly Mutko, Sepp Blatter alithibitisha kupokea barua na kusema kuwa alikuwa tayari kuisaidia programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki.<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20150522173321/http:/www.epochtimes.de/service/vladimir-putin-und-fifa-praesident-joseph-s-blatte-bei-football-for-friendship-222</nowiki></ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2014 === Kipindi cha pili cha programu ya Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki kilifanyika Lisbon tarehe 23-25 Mei, 2014 na kushirikisha vijana zaidi ya 450 kutoka nchi 16: Belarus, Bulgaria, Uingereza, Hungaria, Ujerumani, Italia, Uholanzi, Poland, Ureno, Urusi, Serbia, Slovenia, Uturuki, Ukraine, Ufaransa na Kroatia. Wachezaji vijana walishiriki katika jukwaa la kimataifa la Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki, mashindano ya soka la mtaani na walihudhuria fainali ya Ligi ya Mabingwa wa Barani Ulaya mwaka 2013/2014.<ref name=":0">www.euronews.com/2014/05/27/football-for-friendship-teaching-values-through-football</ref> Mshindi wa mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Soka la Mtaani mwaka 2014 ilikuwa timu ya Benfica (Ureno). <ref name=":0" /> Matokeo ya msimu wa pili wa programu ulikuwa uchaguzi wa kiongozi wa harakati za Soka kwa Urafiki. Alikuwa Felipe Suarez kutoka Ureno. Mwezi Juni 2014, kama kiongozi wa harakati, aliyatembelea mashindano ya kimataifa ya tisa ya soka la vijana ili kumbukumba  Yuri Andreyevich Morozov.<ref name=":4">www.lazionews.eu/settore-giovanile/oltre-450-ragazzi-riuniti-da-gazprom-in-occasione-del-secondo-forum-internazionale-football-for-friendship/</ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2015 === Msimu wa tatu wa programu wa kimataifa wa Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki ulifanyika Juni 2015 huko Berlin. Washiriki vijana kutoka bara la Asia - timu za soka za watoto kutoka Japan, China na Kazakhstan - walishiriki katika programu hiyo kwa mara ya kwanza. Kwa ujumla, timu za vijana kutoka vilabu vya mpira wa miguu 24 kutoka nchi 24 zilishiriki katika msimu wa tatu.<ref>www.noodls.com/viewNoodl/28582380/oao-gazprom/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-</ref> Wachezaji vijana walizungumza na wenzao kutoka nchi nyingine na nyota wa soka duniani, ikiwa ni pamoja na balozi wa kimataifa wa programu, Franz Beckenbauer na pia kushiriki katika mashindano ya kimataifa ya soka la mtaani miogoni mwa timu za watoto. Mshindi wa mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Soka mwaka 2015 ilikuwa timu ya watoto ya Rapid (Austria).<ref name=":1">www.noodls.com/viewNoodl/28582380/oao-gazprom/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-</ref> Matukio ya msimu wa tatu wa Soka kwa Urafiki yaliandikwa na waandishi wa habari wapatao 200 kutoka kwenye machapisho yanayoongoza duniani na waandishi wa habari 24 wa Ulaya na Asia, ambao walikuwa wanachama wa Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Habari cha Watoto.<ref name=":1" /> Mwisho wa 2015 ilikuwa sherehe ya kutoa tuzo ya Kombe la tunu Tisa, ambalo lilinyakuliwa na klabu ya soka ya Barcelona (Hispania). Mshindi alichaguliwa na watoto ambao, mwishoni mwa jukwaa, walishiriki katika tukio la dunia la kupiga kura lililofanyika katika nchi zote 24 zilizoshiriki.<ref name=":1" /> Mwishoni mwa Jukwaa, washiriki wote walifuatilia utamaduni wa kuhudhuria fainali ya Mabinwa Barani Ulaya 2014/2015 katika uwanja wa Olimpiki huko Berlin.<ref>www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/young-football-players-from-24-countries-of-europe-and-asia-meet-at-third-international-childrens-football-for-friendship-forum-506472841.html</ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2016 === Mwanzo wa Programu ya Kijamii ya Watoto ya Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki mwaka 2016 ilitolewa kama sehemu ya mkutano wa waandishi wa habari mtandaoni kupitia Hangout, uliofanyika Machi 24 huko Munich uliohudhuriwa na balozi wa kimataifa wa programu ya Franz Beckenbauer.<ref>www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/franz-beckenbauer-reveals-hes-barcelona-7695610</ref> Katika msimu wa nne wa programu, timu mpya 8 za watoto kutoka Azerbaijan, Algeria, Armenia, Argentina, Brazili, Vietnam, Kyrgyzstan na Syria zilijiunga, kwa hiyo jumla ya nchi zinazoshiriki kufika 32.<ref>www.sgb-sports.com/index.php/fourth-gazprom-football-for-friendship-project-launches/</ref> Tarehe 5 Aprili, 2016 zilipigwa kura kwa ajili ya kombe la kipekee, Kombe la Tunu Tisa lilianza. Mashabiki kutoka duniani kote walishiriki katika kuchagua mshindi, lakini uamuzi wa mwisho ulifanywa na washiriki wa programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki kwa kupiga kura. Kombe lilinyakuliwa na kilabu cha mpira wa miguu cha Bayern (Munich). Washiriki katika Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki walibainisha shughuli za kilabu ili kusaidia watoto wenye mahitaji maalum, pamoja na mipango ya kutoa matibabu kwa watoto katika nchi mbalimbali na kuwasaidia wale wanaohitaji.<ref name=":2">rbth.com/sport/2016/06/01/gazprom-brings-soccer-crazy-kids-to-milan-for-uefa-champions-league-final_599353</ref> Jukwaa la nne la kimataifa la watoto wa Soka kwa ajli ya Urafiki na mchezo wa mwisho wa mashindano ya kimataifa ya soka la watoto wa mtaani yalifanyika Mei 27-28, 2016 huko Milan.  Mshindi wa mashindano ilikuwa timu ya Maribor kutoka Slovenia. Mwishoni mwa Jukwaa, washiriki walifuata utamaduni wa kuhudhuria fainali ya  Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya. Matukio ya Jukwa yaliandikwa na waandishi wa habari zaidi ya 200 kutoka vyombo vya habari vinavyoongoza duniani, pamoja na Kituo cha Habari cha Kimataifa cha Watoto, kilichojumuisha waandishi wa habari  vijana kutoka nchi zinazoshiriki.<ref>www.beyondsport.org/articles/fourth-international-football-for-friendship-forum-brings-together-young-footballers-from-three-continents/</ref> Wachezaji vijana kutoka klabu ya Syria ya Al-Wahda walishiriki katika msimu wa nne wa Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki, ambayo ilikuwa haijawahi kutokea. Kuingizwa kwa timu ya Syria kati ya washiriki wa programu na ziara ya watoto wa Syria katika jukwaa huko Milan ilikuwa hatua muhimu kukabiliana na kutengwa kwa binadamu wa nchini hiyo. Bodi ya uhariri wa michezo ya Kiarabu ya kituo cha kimataifa cha televisheni Russia Today, kwa msaada wa Shirikisho la Soka la Siria, lirekodi filamu ya makala "Siku tatu bila vita" kuhusu watoto walioshiriki katika mradi huo. Tarehe 14 Septemba 2016, zaidi ya watu 7,000 walitembelea tamasha ya filamu huko Damascus.<ref>www.euronews.com/2016/05/31/football-for-friendship-syrian-youth-team-make-tournament-debut-in-milan</ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2017 === Viwango vya mradi wa kimataifa wa kijamii wa watoto wa Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki mwaka 2017 ulifanyika St. Petersburg (Urusi) na matukio ya mwisho yalifanyika hapa taree 26 Juni hadi 3 Julai.<ref>www.windsorstar.com/business/cnw/release.html?rkey=20170316C8720&filter=5613</ref> Mwaka 2017, idadi ya nchi zinazoshiriki iliongezeka kutoka 32 hadi 64. Kwa mara ya kwanza, programu ya Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki ilihudhuriwa na watoto kutoka Meksiko na Marekani. Hivyo, mradi huo uliunganisha wachezaji vijana wa mabara manne - Afrika, Ulaya-Asia, Amerika ya Kaskazini na Amerika ya Kusini.<ref>finance.dailyherald.com/dailyherald/news/read/33918303/Fifth_Season_of_Gazprom's_Football_for_Friendship_International_Children's_Project_Launched</ref> Katika msimu wa tano programu hiyo ilitekelezwa kwa kuzingatia dhana mpya: mchezaji mmoja mdogo kutoka kila nchi alichaguliwa kuiwakilisha nchi hiyo. Vijana waliungana katika Timu nane za Urafiki za Kimataifa, zilizoundwa na wavulana na wasichana wenye miaka 12, ikiwa ni pamoja na wale wenye ulemavu.<ref><nowiki>https://www.merrilledge.com/research/story?stryKey=600-201703161740PR_NEWS_USPRX____enUK201703165338-1</nowiki></ref> Wakati wa droo ya wazi, muundo wa timu wa nchi na nafasi za mchezo kwa wawakilishi wa nchi zinazohusika uliamua. Droo ilifanyika kwenye mkutano wa mtandaoni. Katika uongozi wa timu nane za Timu za Urafiki walikuwa makocha vijana: Rene Lampert (Slovenia), Stefan Maksimovich (Serbia), Brandon Shabani (Uingereza), Charlie Sui (China), Anatoly Chentuloyev (Urusi), Bogdan Krolevetsky (Urusi), Anton Ivanov (Urusi), Emma Henschen (Uholanzi). Liliya Matsumoto (Japani), mwakilishi wa kituo cha kimataifa cha wanahabari cha Soka kwa Urafiki, pia alishiriki katika droo.<ref name=":3">www.newswit.com/.gen/2017-03-17/bafb838790ea60129b53d1add5e4ee99/</ref> Mshindi wa Kombe la Dunia wa Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2017 ilikuwa timu ya "Orange", ambayo ilikuwa na kocha kijana na wachezaji wa soka vijana kutoka nchi tisa: Rene Lampert (Slovenia), Hong Jun Marvin Tue (Singapore), Paul Puig I Montana (Hispania) ), Gabriel Mendoza (Bolivia), Ravan Kazimov (Azerbaijan), Khrisimir Stanimirov Stanchev (Bulgaria), Ivan Agustin Casco (Argentina), Roman Horak (Jamhuri ya Cheki), Hamzah Yusuf Nuri Alhavvat (Libya). Jukwaa la kimataifa la watoto la Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki liliudhuriwa na Viktor Zubkov (mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wakurugenzi wa PJSC Gazprom)<ref><nowiki>https://www.24sata.hr/sport/nogomet-za-prijateljstvo-novi-ciljevi-uz-djecu-iz-64-drzave-531487</nowiki> </ref>, Fatma Samura (katibu mkuu wa FIFA), Philippe Le Flock (mkurugenzi mkuu wa FIFA), Giulio Baptista (Mchezaji wa soka wa Brazil), Ivan Zamorano (mshambuliaji wa Chile), Alexander Kerzhakov (mchezaji wa Urusi) na wageni wengine, ambao walihimiza kukuza maadili ya binadamu muhimu miongoni mwa vijana<ref>www.euronews.com/2017/07/06/football-brings-kids-together</ref>. Mwaka 2017, mradi huo uliwashirikisha watu zaidi ya 600,000, na zaidi ya watoto 1,000 na watu wazima kutoka nchi 64 walihudhuria matukio ya mwisho huko St. Petersburg.<ref>stomp.straitstimes.com/singapore-seen/12-year-old-sporean-messi-wins-global-football-contest-in-russia</ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2018 === Mwaka 2018, iliamuliwa kwamba Msimu wa Sita wa Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki ulifanyika kuanzia Februari 15 hadi Juni 15. Tukio la kutamatisha shughuli hizo lilifanyika Moscow muda mfupi kabla ya Kombe la Dunia 2018. Washiriki wa Programu hii ni pamoja na wanasoka na wanahabari vijana wanaowakilisha nchi na kanda 211 duniani. Kuanza rasmi kwa Programu ya mwaka 2018 ilifanyika kwa Droo ya Wazi iliyokuwa mubashara ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki, ambapo timu 32 za kimataifa za mpira wa miguu – Timu za Urafiki<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.rbth.com/sport/2015/05/15/children_from_24_countries_celebrate_day_of_football_and_friendship_46087.html|title=Children from 24 countries celebrate Day of Football and Friendship|author=RBTH|date=2015-05-15|language=en-US|work=www.rbth.com|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref> – ziliundwa. Kwa kuhusisha na harakati za mazingira, Timu za Mpira wa Miguu za Kimataifa za Urafiki za 2018 zilipewa majina ya aina ya wanyama adimu na walio hatarini. Pia, ndani ya mfumo wa harakati za mazingira, Kampeni ya Kimataifa ya Happy Buzz Day kuhamasisha jumuiya ya kimataifa kusaidia asasi zinazojishughulisha na kuokoa viumbe vilivyo hatarini ilizinduliwa Mei 30, 2018. Hifadhi za taifa na mbuga za akiba za Urusi, Marekani, Nepal na Uingereza<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gazprom-football.com/ru/f4f18/news/detail/178.htm|title=Газпром Футбол F4F News-Detail|work=www.gazprom-football.com|accessdate=2019-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411153123/https://www.gazprom-football.com/ru/f4f18/news/detail/178.htm|archivedate=2019-04-11}}</ref> zilijiunga na Kampeni. Aidha, wakati wa shughuli za mwisho za Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki mjini Moscow, washiriki walisafiri kwa mabasi rafiki kwa mazingira yanayotumia gesi ya asili<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gazprom-football.com/ru/f4f18/news/detail/215.htm|title=Газпром Футбол F4F News-Detail|work=www.gazprom-football.com|accessdate=2019-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411153126/https://www.gazprom-football.com/ru/f4f18/news/detail/215.htm|archivedate=2019-04-11}}</ref>. Timu 32 za Kimataifa za Urafiki zilishiriki katika Mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki ya 2018. Kwa mara ya kwanza katika historia ya Programu hii, mechi ya mwisho ilitangazwa na mtangazaji kijana kutoka Syria, Yazan Taha [87] na kuchezeshwa na Mwamuzi Kijana wa Urusi, Bogdan Batalin<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sovsport.ru/lifestyle/1058343-ih-podruzhil-futbol|title=Их подружил футбол|language=ru|work=Советский спорт|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Mshindi wa Mashindano ya Kimataifa ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki ya 2018 ilikuwa timu ya "Sokwe" inayojumuisha Wachezaji Vijana kutoka Dominika, St. Kitts na Nevis, Malawi, Colombia, Benin na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Vladislav Poliakov<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/yunyy-trener-iz-rossii-stal-chempionom-mira-po-futbolu-dlya-druzhby-1420530/|title=Юный тренер из России стал чемпионом мира по "Футболу для дружбы"|date=2018-06-13|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>, Mshiriki Kijana wa Saransk, Urusi, alikuwa kocha wa timu. Tukio la mwisho la Msimu wa Sita wa Programu hii likawa Jukwaa la Mpira wa Miguu la Kimataifa la Watoto kwa ajili ya Urafiki la 2019, lililofanyika Juni 13 katika Kituo cha Mambo ya Bahari na Biolojia ya bahari "Moskvarium". Lilihudhuliwa na Viktor Zubkov (Mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi wa Kampuni ya Gazprom), Olga Golodets (Naibu Mwenyekiti wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi), Iker Casillas (Mchezaji wa Uhispania, ahodha wa zamani wa timu ya taifa), Aleksandr Kerzhakov (mchezaji wa Kirusi, mwalimu wa timu ya vijana ya Urusi), vile vile wawakilishi wa balozi 54 duniani kote na wageni wengine<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/more-schastya-druzhby-i-futbola-1428124/|title=Море счастья, дружбы и футбола!|date=2018-06-29|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Wakati Jukwaa, Wachezaji bora Vijana wa Msimu wa Sita walizawadiwa: Deo Kalenga Mwenze kutoka Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (mshambuliaji bora), Yamiru Ouru kutoka Benin (kiugo bora), Ivan Volynkin kutoka Wales (kipa bora) na Gustavo Cintra Rocha kutoka Brazil (MVP)<ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sovsport.ru/lifestyle/1059219-shikarnyj-futbol-krepkaja-druzhba|title=Шикарный футбол, крепкая дружба!|language=ru|work=Советский спорт|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Sakali Ascension kutoka Aruba alikuwa Mwandishi wa Habari Kijana wa  2018 wa Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki, alishughulikia blogu ambayo ilikuwa inahamasisha vijana wa Oceania kuwa na ufahamu zaidi wa mazingira<ref name=":5" />. Pia jukwaa liliandaa uwasilishaji wa kitabu na muda wa kuweka sahihi kutakofanywa na mshiriki wa Msimu uliopita, Ananya Kamboj<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/reviews/more-schastya-druzhby-i-futbola-1428124/|title=Море счастья, дружбы и футбола!|date=2018-06-29|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref> kutoka India. Ananya aliandika kitabu "My journey from Mohali to St. Petersburg" baada ya Msimu wa Tano wa Mpira wa Miguu kwa ajili ya Urafiki wa 2017, akielezea uzoefuwake kama Mwanahabari Kijana. Hapo aliandika kuhusu Kanuni Tisa za Programu, ambazo zinasaidia kuubadilisha ulimwengu kwa nia njema. Juni 14, baada ya Jukwaa la Kimataifa la Mpira wa Miguu wa Watoto kwa Ajili ya Urafiki la 2018, Wachezaji na Wanahabari Vijana walishiriki katika sherehe za ufunguzi wa Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la 2018 nchini Urusi. Katika uwanja wa "Luzhniki", watoto kwa taadhima walipeperusha bendera za nchi na kanda zote 211 zilizoshiriki katika Programu za mwaka huo<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://rsport.ria.ru/20180615/1138055010.html|title=Юные послы "Футбола для дружбы" приняли участие в церемонии открытия ЧМ-2018|date=20180615T2036+0300Z|language=ru|work=Спорт РИА Новости|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Baada ya hapo, Vijana Washiriki wa Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki walitazama mchezo wa ufunguzi kati ya timu ya Urusi na Saudi Arabia. Rais wa Shirikisho la Urusi Vladimir Putin alimualika Balozi Kijana wa Urusi wa Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki Albert Zinnatov kwenye jukwaa maalum ili kuangalia mechi ya ufunguzi pamoja. Pale kijana alipata fursa ya kuzugumza na  Mshindi wa Kombe la Dunia kutoka Brazil Roberto Carlos na mchezaji wa soka wa Kihispaniola Iker Casillas<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/yunyy-posol-futbola-dlya-druzhby-vstretilsya-s-prezidentom-rossii-na-chm-v-moskve-1424143/|title=Юный посол "Футбола для дружбы" встретился с президентом России на ЧМ в Москве|date=2018-06-21|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Zaidi ya watoto na vijana 1500 kutoka nchi na kanda 211 walikuwa washiriki wa tukio la mwisho lililofanyika Moscow. Kwa ujumla, zaidi ya matukio 180 yaliyoshirikisha vijana zaidi ya 240,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sport-express.ru/football/gazprom/news/uchastniki-futbola-dlya-druzhby-iz-211-stran-i-regionov-pribyli-v-moskvu-1419265/|title=Участники "Футбола для дружбы" из 211 стран и регионов прибыли в Москву|date=2018-06-09|work=www.sport-express.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref> yaliratibiwa katika Msimu wa Sita katika kanda mbalimbali duniani. Mwaka 2018, wawakilishi wa Mamlaka waliunga mkono mradi huo. Olga Golodets alisoma hotuba ya ukaribisho kutoka kwa Rais wa Urusi Vladimir Putin kwa washiriki na wageni wa Jukwaa la Kimataifa la Watoto<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://government.ru/gov/persons/183/telegrams/32841/|title=Участникам и гостям Международного детского форума «Футбол для дружбы»|language=ru|work=government.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Mwenyekiti wa Serikali ya Shirikisho la Urusi Dmitry Medvedev alituma ujumbe wa ukaribisho kwa njia ya telegram kwa washiriki na wageni wa Jukwaa la sita la Kimataifa la Watoto la Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.mid.ru/press_service/spokesman/briefings/-/asset_publisher/D2wHaWMCU6Od/content/id/3231268|title=Брифинг официального представителя МИД России М.В.Захаровой, Москва, 23 мая 2018 года|language=ru-RU|work=www.mid.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. Wakati wa mkutano Mei 23, Mwakilishi Rasmi wa MIA ya Urusi Maria Zakharova alieleza kwamba jumuiya ya kimataifa inaitambua Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki ya siku hizi kama sehemu muhimu ya masuala ya kibinadamu ya sera ya kimataifa ya kijamii ya Urusi<ref name=":6" />. FIFA iliungamkono kiasili Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki. Shirika lilibaini kwamba idadi kamili ya washiriki na wageni wa matukio ya mwisho yaliyofanyika Moscow ilifika watu 5000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/211-countries-and-regions-took-part-in-the-sixth-international-football-for-frie|title=2018 FIFA World Cup Russia™ - News - 211 countries and regions take part in the Sixth International Football for Friendship Children’s Forum - FIFA.com|author=FIFA.com|language=en-GB|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2019 === Ufunguzi wa msimu was saba wa Programu ya Kijamii ya Watoto ya Kimataifa «Soka kwa Urafiki» umefanyika Machi 18 mwaka 2019, matukio ya fainali ya programu hiyo zilifanyika huko Madrid kuanzia Mei 28 hadi Juni 2.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Daily Times Leader|url=http://business.dailytimesleader.com/dailytimesleader/news/read/37931695/Football_for_Friendship_Launches_Its_Seventh_Season|work=business.dailytimesleader.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|archive-date=2020-12-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219130508/http://business.dailytimesleader.com/dailytimesleader/news/read/37931695/Football_for_Friendship_Launches_Its_Seventh_Season|url-status=dead}}</ref> Siku ya Kimataifa ya Soka na Urafiki Aprili 25 iliadhimishwa katika nchi zaidi ya 50 za Ulaya, Asia, Afrika, Amerika ya Kaskazini na Kusini. Ushirika wa Soka wa Urusi (RFS) pia ulishiriki katika sherehe hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=International Day of Football and Friendship Celebrated in Schools Around the World|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/international-day-of-football-and-friendship-celebrated-in-schools-around-the-world-300837486.html|work=www.prnewswire.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en|author=Gazprom Football for Friendship}}</ref> Tarehe Mei 30 huko Madrid jukwaa la kimataifa la Programu ya Kijamii ya Watoto linalotekelezwa na PJSC Gazprom «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» mwaka 2019. Jukwaa hilo liliunganisha wataalamu kutoka ulimwenguni kote yaani makocha ya soka, madaktari wa timu za kitoto, nyota wengi wa kimataifa, wanahabari wa vyombo vya habari bora vya kimataifa, wajumbe wa shule za mpira na mashirikisho ya mpira za kimataifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Int'l Football for Friendship Forum 2019 in Madrid Unites Kids' Soccer Experts From Around the Globe|url=https://sputniknews.com/agency_news/201905301075473427-forum-children-experts/|work=sputniknews.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe Mei 31 huko Madrid matayarisho ya kimataifa sana yamefanyika. Kisha «Soko kwa ajili ya Urafiki» imepata cheti rasmi cha GUINNESS WORLD RECORDS®.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Most nationalities in a football (soccer) training session|url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/547224-most-nationalities-in-a-football-soccer-training-session|work=Guinness World Records|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en-GB}}</ref> Wakati wa msimu wa saba, waandishi  wachanga wa habari 32 kutoka Ulaya, Afrika, Asia, Amerika ya Kaskazini na Kusini waliunda muundo wa kituo cha waandishi wa habari cha watoto wa kimataifa cha «Soko kwa ajili ya Urafiki», ambao uliangazia matukio ya fainali ya programu hiyo na kushiriki katika utayarishaji wa makala pamoja na vyombo vya kimataifa na kitaifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football for Friendship Young Participants became correspondents of international media|url=https://tass.com/press-releases/1061492|work=TASS|accessdate=2020-12-24}}</ref> Washiriki wa msimu wa saba walikabidhi Kombe la Thamani Tisa (tuzo ya programu ya kijamii ya watoto ya kimataifa «Soko kwa ajili ya Urafiki») kwa Klabu ya Soka ya Liverpool kama timu inayohusika zaidi kijamii.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=End of Seventh Season of Football for Friendship in Madrid|url=https://sputniknews.com/society/201906041075611076-football-friendship-madrid/|work=sputniknews.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe Juni 1, tukio kuu la msimu wa saba, mechi ya fainali ya Kombe la Dunia la Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki, lilifanyika kwenye uwanja wa UEFA Pitch huko Madrid. Kulingana na matokeo yake, timu ya Nyoka ya Antiguan ilicheza na Tasmanian Devil na magoli ya 1:1 kwa wakati wa kawaida, na kisha kushinda kwa mikwaju ya penati na kupata tuzo kuu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football for Friendship: Sportsmanship has no borders|url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/06/06/football-for-friendship-international-programme-for-kids-breaks-records-and-teaches-sports|work=euronews|date=2019-06-06|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> === Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki 2020 === Mwaka 2020 matukio ya fainali ya msimu wa nane wa «Soko kwa ajili ya Urafiki» yamefanyika online kwenye jukwaa la kidigitali kuanzia Novemba 27 hadi Desemba 9 mwaka 2020. Washiriki zaidi ya 10 000 kutoka nchi 100 walijiunga na matukio makuu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gazprom Football For Friendship International Children’s Programme {{!}} F4F|url=https://footballforfriendship.com/|work=footballforfriendship.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003091330/https://footballforfriendship.com/|archivedate=2016-10-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kwa msimu wa nane wa programu hiyo, simulator ya soka mtandaoni «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» kwa wachezaji wengi ilitengenezwa, kwa msingi ambao Mashindano ya Soka ya Kimataifa ya 2020 yalifanyika. Mchezo unapatikana kwa kupakuliwa ulimwenguni kote tangu Desemba 10, 2020 - Siku ya Soka Duniani. Watumiaji wana nafasi ya kushiriki kwenye mechi kulingana na sheria za «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki», kuungana katika timu za kimataifa. Mchezo wa wachezaji wengi unategemea maadili ya msingi ya programu, kama vile urafiki, amani na usawa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=New 'Football for Friendship' Simulator to be Released on World Football Day|url=https://sputniknews.com/sport/202011051081023614-new-football-simulator-football-for-friendship-to-be-released-on-world-football-day/|work=sputniknews.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Novemba 27 kinyang'anyiro cha hadhira cha Mashindano ya ulimwengu mkondoni «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» 2020 kimefanyika<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Gazprom Football: Newsdetail|url=https://www.gazprom-football.com/football-for-friendship/news/newsdetail/children-from-over-100-countries-to-take-part-in-football-for-friendship-eworld-championship|work=Gazprom Football|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=de|archivedate=2020-12-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219130914/https://www.gazprom-football.com/football-for-friendship/news/newsdetail/children-from-over-100-countries-to-take-part-in-football-for-friendship-eworld-championship}}</ref> Kuanzia Novemba 28 hadi Desemba 6 kambi la kimataifa la urafiki mkondoni na mipango ya elimu ya kibinadamu na michezo kwa watoto limefanyika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Friendship Camp {{!}} F4F|url=https://footballforfriendship.com/friendship-camp|work=footballforfriendship.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Kuanzia Novemba 30 hadi Desemba 4 vikao vya jukwaa la kimataifa mkondoni «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» vilifanyika, ambapo miradi katika ukuzaji wa michezo ya watoto iliwasilishwa. Juri la wataalam lilithamini uwasilishaji wa miradi kwa tuzo ya kimataifa «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki»<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shortlist {{!}} F4F|url=https://footballforfriendship.com/experts-forum/live-broadcast|work=footballforfriendship.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Desemba 7-8 Ubingwa wa mtandaoni wa kimataifa wa «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» umefanyika. Mwaka huu, ubingwa ulifanyika kwenye jukwaa la kidigitali, kwa hivyo simulator ya mpira «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» kwa wachezaji wengi ilitengenezwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=World Championship {{!}} F4F|url=https://footballforfriendship.com/world-championship|work=footballforfriendship.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Desemba 9 fainali kubwa ya «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» imefanyika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Live Broadcast: Grand Final {{!}} F4F|url=https://footballforfriendship.com/live-broadcast-grand-final|work=footballforfriendship.com|accessdate=2020-12-24|language=en}}</ref> Mfululizo wa webinars kwa watoto kutoka nchi nyingi kutokana na miaka 75 ya Umoja wa Mataifa ulifanyika wakati wa msimu huu wa nane.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=F4F Ambassadors and FC Schalke 04 discussed the role of football in our future celebrating #UN75 - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZhV_4u6xDk&feature=youtu.be|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2020-12-24}}</ref> Wakati wa msimu huu wa nane wa programu hii pamoja na  freestylers wa mpira kutoka duniani kote show ya kila wiki «Uwanja upo ndipo nipo» imezinduliwa. Katika kila kipindi freestylers waliwafundisha wachanga kufanya mazoezi, na mwishoni mwa kila vipindi kila mashindano yalitangazwa kwa utendaji bora wa zoezi. Show ilimalizika na darasa la ulimwengu la mkondoni, ambalo programu ya «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki» ukawa mshindi wa Rekodi ya Dunia ya Guinness kwa mara ya pili kwa idadi ya washiriki waliohusika (Desemba 6 mwaka 2020).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=STADIUM IS WHERE I AM {{!}} Easy Learning V-Move With Freestyle Blogger - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JM9IwE6-4PY&list=PLY-bMt3fklqN7YC2hfMoeG3lWeM7qgvka|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2020-12-24}}</ref> Wahariri wa Habari Njema – show ya kila wiki lililozinduliwa na waandishi wa habari wachanga wa «Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki», ambapo watoto walipashana habari njema kutoka ulimwenguni kote na watazamaji<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Good News Show From Young Journalists To Cheer You Up - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyiGvGvbN6w&list=PLY-bMt3fklqPBspUL7WTe-B3Ie9xIi3HG|work=www.youtube.com|accessdate=2020-12-24}}</ref> == Michuano ya Dunia ya Soka kwa Urafiki == Mashindano ya soka ya kimataifa ya watoto yanafanyika ndani ya mfumo wa programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki. Timu zinazoshiliki  katika michuano - Timu za Urafiki - huundwa wakati wa Droo ya Wazi. Timu hizo zimeandaliwa kwa kufuata kanuni za Soka kwa Urafiki: wanariadha wa mataifa tofauti, jinsia na utimamu wa mwili hucheza katika timu moja.<ref>rbth.com/sport/2014/05/30/big_soccer_for_little_europeans_37075.html</ref> == Jukwaa la Kimataifa la Watoto la  Soka kwa Urafiki == Katika Jukwaa la Kimataifa la Watoto la Soka kwa Urafiki, washiriki vijana  mradi hujadili na watu wazima juu ya kukuza na kuvistawisha viwango vya programu duniani kote. Wakati wa Jukwaa, watoto hukutana na kuzungumza na wenzao kutoka nchi nyingine, wanasoka maarufu, waandishi wa habari na watu mashuhuri, na pia kuwa mabalozi vijana ambao baadaye huendeleza  maadili mame kwa wenzao.<ref>www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/y=2017/m=8/news=confed-cup-hosts-friendship-forum-2902692.html</ref> == Kituo cha Waandishi wa Kimataifa cha Watoto == Kipengele maalum cha programu ya Soka kwa  Urafiki ni Kituo chake cha Kimataifa cha Waandishi wa Habari cha Watoto. Kwa mara ya kwanza kiliandaliwa chini ya programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki mwaka 2014<ref>www.crawleyobserver.co.uk/news/local/crawley-girl-13-who-dreams-to-play-football-for-england-meets-world-cup-legend-1-6112060</ref>. Waandishi wa habari vijana katika kituo cha waandishi wa habari huandika  matukio ya programu kwaa nchi zao<ref>www.itsroundanditswhite.co.uk/2014/04/15/football-for-friendship-are-on-the-hunt-for-talented-young-journalists/</ref>: huandaa habari kwa vyombo vya habari vya kitaifa na kimataifa, kushiriki katika kuundwa  vifaa kwa ajili ya kituo cha Televisheni cha Soka kwa Urafiki, gaziti la watoto la Urafiki kwa Urafiki na kituo rasmi cha redio cha programu<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20140708202936/http:/www.vanluyken.nl/artikel/37-nederlands-voetbaltalent-scoort-tijdens-football-for-friendship-beste-jonge-journalist-uit-nederland-interviewt-franz-beckenbauer-</nowiki></ref>. Kituo cha Kimataifa cha Waandishi wa Habari cha  Watoto kinaunganisha washindi wa mashindano ya kitaifa ya Waandishi wa Habari Vijana<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111738/http:/www.getbucks.co.uk/news/local-news/12-year-old-bucks-boy-best-young-9095138</nowiki></ref>, wanablogu vijana, wapiga picha na waandishi. Waandishi wa habari vijana wa kituo cha waandishi wa habari hutoa maoni yao kutoka ndani ya programu, kutekeleza muundo "watoto kuhusu watoto".<ref>www.financialexpress.com/india-news/mission-xi-million-picks-chandigarh-girl-ananya-kamboj/689736/</ref> == Siku ya Kimataifa ya Soka na Urafiki == Chini ya programu ya Soka kwa  Urafiki, Siku ya Kimataifa ya Soka kwa  Urafiki husherekewa tarehe 25 Aprili<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20150522194216/http:/theindependent.sg/blog/2015/04/27/kids-from-24-countries-in-europe-and-asia-are-celebrating-international-day-of-football-and-friendship/</nowiki></ref>. Katika mapumziko haya iliadhimishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 2014 katika nchi 16<ref>rbth.com/sport/2015/05/15/children_from_24_countries_celebrate_day_of_football_and_friendship_46087.html</ref>. Katika siku hii, mechi za kirafiki, mobs flash, mbio ndefu, madarasa ya sanaa, maonyesho ya televisheni, vikao vya mafunzo ya wazi, nk. hufanyika. Watu zaidi ya 50,000 hushiriki katika maadhimisho hayo.<ref><nowiki>https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/apr/26/said-and-done-blatter-putin-david-cameron</nowiki></ref> Mwaka 2015, Siku ya Soka na Urafiki iliadhimishwa katika nchi 24<ref>rbth.com/multimedia/2015/05/12/the-international-day-of-football-and-friendship_95713?crid=325359</ref>. Wakati wa tamasha hilo, kulikuwa na mechi za soka za kirafiki na matukio mengine. Ujerumani, wanasoka wa Schalke 04 walitoa mafunzo ya wazi<ref>instagify.com/media/979016253229007447_641360799</ref>, Serbia iliandaa maonyesho ya televisheni, Ukraine - mechi kati ya timu watoto ya  Volyn FC na watoto waliosajiliwa katika kituo cha mji wa Lutsk cha huduma za kijamii kwa familia, watoto na vijana.<ref>business-center.amchamchina.org/news/?dir=17&doc=201504262030PR_NEWS_ASPR_____EN90314&andorquestion=OR&&ok=1&passDir=0</ref> Urusi, Siku ya Soka na Urafiki iliadhimishwa Aprili 25 katika katika majiji 11. Mechi za soka za kirafiki zilifanyika Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Krasnoyarsk, Barnaul, St. Petersburg na Saransk, kukumbuka viwango muhimu ya programu. Krasnoyarsk, Sochi na Rostov-on-Don, Urafiki wa Kupokezana ulifanyika kwa ushiriki wa wakimbiza mwenge kutoka  kwenye Kupokezana Mwenge wa Olimpiki  2014. Moscow, kwa msaada wa Shirikisho la Michezo la Blind, Mashindano ya Fursa Sawa yaliandaliwa. Tarehe 5 Mei, Siku ya Soka na Urafiki iliadhimishwa huko Nizhny Novgorod na Kazan.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 2016, Siku ya Soka na Urafiki iliadhimishwa katika nchi 32. Urusi, iliadhimishwa katika miji tisa: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Barnaul, Birobidzhan, Irkutsk, Krasnodar, Nizhny Novgorod na Rostov-on-Don. Nizhny Novgorod aliandaa mechi ya kirafiki kwa wanasoka vijana kutoka Volga FC, na wachezaji watu wazima kutoka klabu hiyo walifanya mazoezi na mafunzo kwa watoto. Katika mechi ya kirafiki huko Novosibirsk, watoto wenye ulemavu walishiriki katika - timu ya mkoa wa Novosibirsk Yermak-Sibir.<ref name=":2" /> Mwaka 2017, Siku ya Soka na Urafiki iliadhimishwa katika nchi 64. Wachezaji mashuhuri, ikiwa ni pamoja na mlinzi wa Serbian Branislav Ivanovich na mshambuliaji wa Kiholanzi Dirk Kuyt, walishiriki katika matukio duniani kote. Nchini Ugiriki, tukio lilihudhuriwa na Theodoras Zagorakis, mshindi wa michuano ya soka ya Ulaya 2004 na timu yake ya taifa. Nchini Urusi, Zenit FC ilihudhuria kipengele cha mafunzo maalum ya Zakhar Badyuk, Balozi mdogo wa programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki mwaka 2017. Katika mafunzo, kipa wa Zenit FC, Yury Lodygin alitoa alama za  juu kuelezea uwezo wa Zakhar na kumwelezea siri za ukipa.<ref name=":3" /> == Kanuni tisa za Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki == Wakati wa Jukwaa la Kwanza la Kimataifa la Watoto lililofanyika Mei 25, 2013, Mabalozi Vijana kutoka Uingereza, Ujerumani, Serbia, Hungary, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ugiriki na Urusi waliheshimu kanuni nane za kwanza za Programu - urafiki, usawa, haki, afya, amani, ibada, ushindi, na mila – na waliziwasilisha katika Barua ya Wazi. Barua ilitumwa kwa Wakuu wa Mashirika ya Michezo ya Kimataifa: Shirikisho la Mpira Wa Miguu Duniani (FIFA), Umoja wa Vyama vya Soka Ulaya (UEFA) na Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Kimataifa. Septemba 2013, Joseph Blatter wakati akifanya mkutano na Vladimir Putin na Vitalii Mutko alithibitisha kupokea Barua hiyo na kukubali kwamba yuko teyari kuaidia Mpira wa Miguu kwa Ajili ya Urafiki<ref name=":4" />. Mwaka 2015, washiriki kutoka China, Japan na Kazakhstan walijiunga na Programu ya Mpira wa Miguu kwa ajili ya Urafiki na kisha walipendekeza kuongezwa kanuni ya tisa – sifa njema<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.joblenobl.ru/news/287-v-ramkakh-programmy-futbol-dlya-druzhby-uchrezhden-kubok-devyati-tsennostej|title=В рамках программы «Футбол для дружбы» учрежден Кубок «Девяти ценностей»|author=Super User|language=ru-ru|work=www.joblenobl.ru|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref>. == Kombe la Viwango Tisa == Kombe la Viwango Tisa ni tuzo ya Programu ya Kimataifa ya Watoto ya ya Kijamii ya Soka kwa Urafiki. Kila mwaka Kombe linatuzwa kwa kujitolea zaidi kwa maadili ya mradi: urafiki, usawa, haki, afya, amani, uaminifu, ushindi, mila na heshima. Mashabiki kutoka duniani kote hushiriki katika kuchagua mshindi, lakini uamuzi wa mwisho hufanywa na washiriki wa programu ya Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki kwa kupiga kura. Vilabu vya soka ambavyo ni wamiliki wa Kombe la Viwango Tisa: Barcelona (2015), Bayern Munich (2016), Al Wahda (Tuzo maalum), Real Madrid (2017).<ref>www.euronews.com/2017/07/17/f4f-nine-values-cup-2017-goes-to-real-madrid</ref> == Bangili ya Urafiki == Shughuli zote za mpango wa Soka kwa ajili ya Urafiki huanza kwa  kubadilishana bangili za urafiki, ikiwa ni ishara ya usawa na maisha ya afya. Bangili ina mistari miwili ya rangi ya bluu na kijani na inaweza kuvaliwa na mtu yeyote ambaye anashirikisha wengine viwango vya mpango. Kwa mujibu wa Franz Beckenbauer "Ishara ya harakati ni bangili ya rangi mbili, ni rahisi na inayoeleweka kama viwango vya asili vya programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki. Washiriki vijana katika programu wamefunga Bangili za Urafiki kwenye miono ya wachezaji maarufu na watu mashuhuli<ref>www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/worldcup2014/article-2642473/Vitor-Baia-tips-Portugal-special-World-Cup-Cristiano-Ronaldo-shines-backs-old-boss-Jose-Mourinho-Chelsea.html</ref>, ikiwa ni pamoja na: Dick Advocaat<ref>www.deweekkrant.nl/artikel/2014/mei/27/double_dutchie_dirk_proper_uit_elst_een_voetbal</ref>, Anatoly Timoshchuk<ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20141223203736/http:/bigpicture.ru/?p=516227</nowiki></ref> na Luis Netu, Franz Beckenbauer<ref>www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/11270319.Interview_sends_Megan_Mackey_to_Champions_League_final/</ref>, Luis Fernandev, Didier Drogba, Max Meyer, Fatma Samura, Leon Gorecka, Domenico Krishito, Michel Salgado, Alexander Kerzhakov, Dimas Pirros, Miodrag Bozovic, Adelina Sotnikova, Yuri Kamenets.   == Shughuli za washiriki kati ya misimu == Vijana wa soka kutoka kwenye programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki hushiriki katika matukio mbalimbali nje ya msimu rasmi. Mwezi Mei 2013, wachezaji kutoka klabu ya mpira wa miguu ya Maribor (Slovenia) walicheza mechi ya kirafiki na watoto wa Cambodian<ref>sport.rbc.ru/article/172216/</ref>. Tarehe 14, Septemba, 2014 katika mji wa Sochi, washiriki wa Urusi katika programu walizungumza na Vladimir Putin wakati wa mkutano wa Rais wa Shirikisho la Urusi na Rais wa FIFA Sepp Blatter<ref>en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/19222</ref>. Juni 2014, Rais wa Ufaransa, Francois Hollande aliialika timu ya Taverni, ambaye ni mwanachama wa programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki, kwenye Elysee Palace kutazama mechi ya Kombe la Dunia la FIFA ya 2014 kati ya Ufaransa na Nigeria<ref>www.leparisien.fr/politique/mondial-2014-hollande-invite-deux-clubs-amateurs-a-l-elysee-pour-france-nigeria-28-06-2014-3960541.php</ref>. Mwezi Aprili 2016, Yuri Vashchuk, balozi wa programu ya Soka kwa Urafiki wa mwaka 2015, alikutana na mtu mwenye nguvu zaidi wa Belarus, Kirill Shimko, na mwanaoka kijan kutoka BATE FC kubadilishana uzoefu wao wa kushiriki katika mradi huo. Yuri Vashchuk alimpa Kirill Shimko Bangili ya Urafiki wa mfano, na hivyo kumkabidhi kitufu cha kutangaza kauli mbiu za mradi: urafiki, haki, maisha ya afya.   ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Michezo]] fuzg838v4mvthordruas7v3ufyu1lme 0 105705 1612195 1325593 2026-10-31T10:11:54Z Eric Liston 93592 1612195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Dj_Ben jarada.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Jacob Stephene]] | mtayarishaji = Jerusalem Film | mtunzi = Jacob Stephen | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Wema Sepetu]]<br>[[Jacob Stephene]]<br>[[Irene Uwoya]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = Steps Entertainment Ltd | imetolewa = 2011 | muda = | nchi = Tanzania | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"DJ Ben"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka 2011 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Wema Sepetu]], [[Irene Uwoya]] na [[Jacob Stephene]](JB) aliyecheza kama DJ Ben. Filamu imeongozwa na JB na kutayarishwa na Jerusalem Film na [[Steps Entertainment]]. ==Hadithi== Filamu inaelezea usaliti kuhusu DJ Ben ambaye alikuwa mtu wa kusafiri sana kuelekea mahali alipofungua kumbi za disko. Katika mihangaiko yake anakutana na msichana mrembo anayefanya kazi hotelini aliyeitwa Samiha (Irene Uwoya) na kujenga uhusiano. Uhusiano huu uliyekaribia kuachanisha [[ndoa]] ya Ben na mkewe (Wema Sepetu) lakini mwishowe Samiha anamtaka radhi Wema na Ben anaamua kutulia na mkewe.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben {{PAGENAME}}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben |date=20180916041448 }} katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2011]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Jacob Stephen]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] mtwah2fey6bzhifdjedubdpcyr8w03s 1612196 1612195 2026-10-31T10:13:36Z Eric Liston 93592 /* */ Pobomedia 1612196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Dj_Ben jarada.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Jacob Stephene]] | mtayarishaji = Jerusalem Film | mtunzi = Jacob Stephene | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Wema Sepetu]]<br>[[Jacob Stephene]]<br>[[Irene Uwoya]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = Steps Entertainment Ltd | imetolewa = 2011 | muda = | nchi = Tanzania | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"DJ Ben"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka 2011 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Wema Sepetu]], [[Irene Uwoya]] na [[Jacob Stephene]](JB) aliyecheza kama DJ Ben. Filamu imeongozwa na JB na kutayarishwa na Jerusalem Film na [[Steps Entertainment]]. ==Hadithi== Filamu inaelezea usaliti kuhusu DJ Ben ambaye alikuwa mtu wa kusafiri sana kuelekea mahali alipofungua kumbi za disko. Katika mihangaiko yake anakutana na msichana mrembo anayefanya kazi hotelini aliyeitwa Samiha (Irene Uwoya) na kujenga uhusiano. Uhusiano huu uliyekaribia kuachanisha [[ndoa]] ya Ben na mkewe (Wema Sepetu) lakini mwishowe Samiha anamtaka radhi Wema na Ben anaamua kutulia na mkewe.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben {{PAGENAME}}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben |date=20180916041448 }} katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2011]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Jacob Stephen]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] i5joai0jszo0g4vk1tz0680wgkzvlzr 1612198 1612196 2026-10-31T10:16:34Z Eric Liston 93592 /* */ 1612198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = {{PAGENAME}} | picha = Dj_Ben jarada.jpg | ukuwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Posta ya {{PAGENAME}} | mwongozaji = [[Jacob Stephene]] | mtayarishaji = Jerusalem Films | mtunzi = Jacob Stephene | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Wema Sepetu]]<br>[[Jacob Stephene]]<br>[[Irene Uwoya]] | muziki = | sinematografi = | mhariri = | msambazaji = Steps Entertainment Ltd | imetolewa = 2011 | muda = | nchi = Tanzania | lugha = [[Kiswahili]] | bajeti = | mapato = | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = }} '''"DJ Ben"''' ni jina la [[filamu]] iliyotoka 2011 kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Filamu inachezwa na [[Wema Sepetu]], [[Irene Uwoya]] na [[Jacob Stephene]](JB) aliyecheza kama DJ Ben. Filamu imeongozwa na JB na kutayarishwa na Jerusalem Films na [[Steps Entertainment]]. ==Hadithi== Filamu inaelezea usaliti kuhusu DJ Ben ambaye alikuwa mtu wa kusafiri sana kuelekea mahali alipofungua kumbi za disko. Katika mihangaiko yake anakutana na msichana mrembo anayefanya kazi hotelini aliyeitwa Samiha (Irene Uwoya) na kujenga uhusiano. Uhusiano huu uliyekaribia kuachanisha [[ndoa]] ya Ben na mkewe (Wema Sepetu) lakini mwishowe Samiha anamtaka radhi Wema na Ben anaamua kutulia na mkewe.<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben {{PAGENAME}}] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/movies/view/dj-ben |date=20180916041448 }} katika [[Bongo Cinema]].</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2011]] [[Jamii:Filamu zilizoongozwa na Jacob Stephen]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Tanzania]] 1t0owtqycf1o439b8d6eubn3ae071tg 0 107671 1612161 1489917 2026-10-31T08:46:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Verdiana Grace Masanja |picha = Verediana Masanja 1 (cropped).jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Verediana Masanja akielekezwa jambo wakati wa Warsha ya Astronomia,Tanzania |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 12 Oktoba 1954 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Bukoba, Tanzania |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = kuwa mwanahisabati na mwanamke wa kwanza kupata shahada ya uzamivu katika hisabati |kazi_yake = Profesa wa Hisabati |nchi = Tanzania }} '''Verdiana Grace Masanja''' (alizaliwa [[Mji|mjini]] [[Bukoba]], [[Tanzania]], [[12 Oktoba]] [[1954]])<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> ni [[mwanahisabati]] na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza Mtanzania kupata [[uzamivu|shahada ya uzamivu]] katika [[Hisabati]]. Tangu [[mwaka]] [[2018]] ni [[profesa]] wa hisabati kwenye Taasisi ya Afrika ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Nelson Mandela jijini [[Arusha]], Tanzania. Profesa Masanja pia anajulikana kwa kushiriki katika kuinua somo la [[hisabati]] kwa ujumla wake, kuinua masomo ya [[sayansi]], [[teknolojia]], [[uhandisi]] na hisabati kwa ujumla wake na hususan kwa mtoto wa kike. ==Maisha ya awali== Verdian Grace Masanja alizaliwa na Gaspar Lwehumbiza Kalaiti bin Ibrahim Kashaga wa Buhembe Bulibata mjini [[Bukoba (mji)|Bukoba]] na Julitha Mkaruganyirwa Kalishemela binti Arcrad Kasabila wa Nshambya mjini Bukoba, [[Kaskazini]] [[Magharibi]] mwa Ziwa Viktoria, Tanzania karibu na [[Uganda]]. Wakati alipozaliwa, Tanzania bara iliitwa [[Tanganyika]] Territory ambayo ilikwa chini ya utawala wa Uingereza kama eneo lindwa chini ya mamlaka ya Umoja wa Mataifa (United Nations Trust Territory under British administration).<ref>[https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=FC9tAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA486&lpg=PA486&dq=verdiana+masanja&source=bl&ots=bnnwtkBTS1&sig=WGrqM1xzom-ZZ2oSnaL3bDH-c-k&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRu57Vs_7eAhWhRxUIHTYQD4k4ChDoATAJegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=masanja&f=false African Doctorates in Mathematics: A Catalogue, uk. 718], iliangaliwa kupitia google books tar. 1. Desemba 2018</ref><ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> Ubini wa Masanja aliuchukua baada ya kuolewa na hayati Kephas Moses Daniel Masanja. ==Elimu== Masanja alipata elimu ya msingi katika shule ya awali Nshambya na [[shule ya msingi]] Ihungo (darasa la kwanza hadi la nne) zote ziko Bukoba mjini, na shule ya msingi ya kati (middle Primary School) Nyakabungo (sasa inaitwa Milongo) jijini [[Mwanza]]. Aliendelea na elimu ya sekondari kwenye shule za sekondari za Chopra (kwa sasa [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]]) na Rosary (kwa sasa Ngaza), zote zikiwemo jijini Mwanza.<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> Anasemekana kuongoza kwa ufaulu darasani, na alipewa jina la Imani "jike dume". Alipata [[elimu]] ya [[sekondari]] ya juu Jangwani High School jijini [[Dar es Salaam]]. Baada ya hapo, alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] kwa masomo ya shahada ya kwanza ya hisabati na [[fizikia]] ambapo alimaliza mwaka [[1976]]. Tasnifu ya shada ya uzamili iliandikwa chini ya Kichwa ''Effect of Injection on Developing Laminar Flow of Reiner-Philippoff Fluids in a Circular Pipe''.<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref>[[File:Verediana Masanja 1.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Prof. Verdiana Masanja Akielekezwa jambo wakati wa Warsha ya Astronomia]] Baada ya shahada ya uzamili, aliendelea na masomo katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ufundi Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]] (wakati huo Ujerumani Magharibi), ambapo alipokea [[Uzamivu|shahada ya uzamivu]] mnamo mwaka wa [[1986]] na kuandika tasnifu yenye kichwa ''A numerical study of a Reiner-Rivlin Fluid in an axi-symmetrical circular pipe''.<ref>[http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=89816 Verdiana Grace Masanja kwenye tovuti ya Mathematics Genealogy Project ya North Dakota State University, Marekani] {{Wayback|url=http://www.genealogy.ams.org/id.php?id=89816 |date=20240615171626 }}, iliangaliwa Desemba 2018</ref> ==Kazi== Verdina Grace Masanja aliajiriwa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] kama msaidizi wa mafunzo (tutorial assistant) baada ya kumaliza shahada ya kwanza tarehe [[26 Aprili]] [[1976]] an alisaidi waadhiri kwenye hisabati kwa wanafunzi wa Uhadisi (Engineering Mathematics). Alipanda ngazi na kuwa mhadhiri msaidizi tarehe 1 Julai 1978 na alipomaliza alipomaliza shahada ya kwanza na alianza kufundisha hisabati kwa wanafunzi wa [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada ya kwanza]] wa programu za hisabati, jiolojia na kemia. Alipomaliza shahada ya uzamivu nchini [[Ujerumani]] alipanda cheo kuwa mhadhiri. Alifundisha kozi za hesabu kwa wanafunzi wa shahada ka kwanza, uzamivu na uzamili. Pia alisimamia wanafunzi wa shahada za uzamili na uzamivu kwenye tafiti na tasnifu zao.<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> Aliwahi kuongoza idara ya hisabati ya Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam tangu mwaka [[1994]] hadi [[2000]].<ref>[https://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/masanja.htm L.H. Riddle, makala "Verdiana Grace Masanja"] katika Biographies of Women Mathematicians, kwenye tovuti ya Agnes Scott College, Memphis, Marekani</ref> Akiwa mwajiriwa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam, alipanda ngazi kufikia Profesa Mwandamizi tarehe 1 Julai 2000. Aliondoka kwenda Rwanda 2006 lakini alibakia kuwa mwajiriwa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam hadi Desemba 2010. Tangu mwaka [[2006]] hadi Desemba 2015, aliajiriwa na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Rwanda]] kama Profesa kamili wa hisabati na alifundisha na kushiriki uongozi, ambapo mwaka 2007 aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa kitengo cha utafiti mwenye uwajibikaji wa elimu ya uzamili na uzamivu, utafiti, na ushauri. Tangu Januari 2016 hadi Oktoba 2017 aliteuliwa kuwa mshauri mwandamizi (sawa na makamu mkuu wa chuo) mwenye uwajibikaji wa mikakati-maendeleo, utafiti na uvumbuzi kwenye Chuo Kikuu cha Kibungo, nchini Rwanda.<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> Mwaka [[2018]], aliajiriwa kama profesa kamili wa hisabati Shule Kuu ya Ukokotoaji na mawasliano ya sayansi na [[uhandisi]] ya Taasisi ya Afrika ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Nelson Mandela.<ref>http://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Masanja.html, iliangaliwa tar. 9 April 2020</ref> Nje ya kazi, Verdiana Grace Masanja hujishughulisha na kukuza elimu ya hisabati na [[sayansi]] kwa ujumla na hususan kwa [[wasichana]] na [[wanawake]] nchini [[Tanzania]] na katika [[Afrika]] kwa ujumla. ==Kujihusisha na miradi ya elimu== Aliwahi kushiriki warsha ya [[Astronomia]] akiwa kama muelimishaji wa masuala mbalimbali. ==Marejeo== <references/> ==Viungo vya Nje== *[https://web.facebook.com/UNCSW/videos/verdiana-masanja-on-women-scientists-in-africa/132086310177482/ Verdiana Masanja on women scientists in Africa, at the expert group meeting on gender, science and technology (UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, 1 October 2010)], tovuti ya facebook, iliangaliwa Desemba 2018 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=allqbpPSV_E Prof Masanja akifanya uwasilishaji] {{mbegu-Mtanzania}} {{BD|1954|}} [[jamii:wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[jamii:wataalamu wanawake Tanzania]] [[jamii:Wiki Loves Women Tanzania]] [[Jamii:WikiGap 2020 Tanzania]] oxhyh5iykeh3fvlh7hjyw6ta09zgn3m 0 109315 1612128 1530166 2026-10-31T04:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = The Big Boss | picha = TheBigBossposter.JPG | ukuwa_wa_picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Sura ya filamu ya Hong Kong | mwongozaji = [[Lo Wei]], Wu Chia-hsiang | mtayarishaji = [[Raymond Chow]] | mtunzi = Lo Wei | mwadithiaji = | nyota = [[Bruce Lee]], [[Maria Yi]], [[James Tien (actor)|James Tien]], [[Han Ying-chieh]] | muziki = Wang Fu-ling, [[Peter Thomas (composer)|Peter Thomas]] | sinematografi = Chen Ching-chu | mhariri = Sung Ming | msambazaji = [[Orange Sky Golden Harvest|Golden Harvest]] | imetolewa = {{Film date|df=yes|1971|10|23|Hong Kong}} | muda = Dakika 100 | nchi = Hong Kong | lugha = [[Cantonese]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]], [[Thai language|Thai]] | bajeti = US$ 100,000 | mapato = US$ 50,000,000 | imetanguliwa_na = | ikafuatiwa_na = [[Fist of Fury]] }} '''The Big Boss''' (kwa Kichina: 唐山大兄; huko Marekani inajulikana kama '''''Fists of Fury''''') ni [[filamu ya mapigano]] ya mwaka 1971 kutoka [[Hong Kong]] iliyoongozwa na [[Lo Wei]]. Hii ni filamu ya kwanza kubwa kwa [[Bruce Lee]] kucheza kama mhusika mkuu tangu arudi katika tasnia ya filamu ya Hong Kong mwaka 1960. Filamu hii pia imewashirikisha waigizaji kama [[Maria Yi]], [[James Tien (actor)|James Tien]], na [[Nora Miao]]. Hapo awali, nafasi ya mhusika mkuu ilipangwa kuchezwa na James Tien, lakini baada ya mwongozaji kubadilishwa na kuwa Lo Wei, nafasi hiyo alipewa Bruce Lee. Bruce Lee alionyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kuigiza ambao ulimfunika James Tien (ambaye tayari alikuwa staa mkubwa wakati huo), na jambo hili lilimfanya Bruce Lee kuwa maarufu sana Kusini Mashariki mwa Asia na baadaye duniani kote. Filamu hii ilipata mafanikio makubwa sana sokoni. Ikiwa na bajeti ndogo ya takriban dola 100,000, ilifanikiwa kuingiza karibu dola milioni 50 duniani kote. Hiyo ni mara 500 zaidi ya gharama iliyotumika kuitengeneza! [[The Big Boss]] ilishikilia rekodi ya kuwa filamu iliyoingiza pesa nyingi zaidi nchini Hong Kong hadi ilipokuja kupitwa na filamu nyingine ya Lee iitwayo ''[[Fist of Fury]]'' mnamo mwaka 1972. ==Mkasa== Cheng Chao-an, kijana mgeni kutoka vijijini nchini China, anahamia Pak Chong, nchini Thailand, kuishi na ndugu zake na kufanya kazi katika kiwanda cha barafu. Anakutana na binamu yake, Hsu Chien, ambaye anamvutia baada ya kusimama kidete dhidi ya wahuni waliokuwa wakimpiga mdogo wake. Ingawa Cheng anatamani kusaidia, anajizuia kwa sababu alimuahidi mama yake kuwa hataingia kwenye mapigano, na huvaa mkufu wa johari (jade) kama ukumbusho wa ahadi hiyo. Cheng anaanza kazi kiwandani. Siku moja, kitalu cha barafu kinapasuka kwa bahati mbaya na mfuko wa unga mweupe—ambao ni dawa za kulevya—unaanguka. Binamu wawili wa Cheng wanauokota, na usiku huo wanaitwa na meneja ambaye anawaambia kuwa kiwanda hicho ni kichaka cha biashara ya magendo inayongozwa na Hsiao Mi (Big Boss). Ndugu hao wanapokataa kujiunga nao, wanauawa na miili yao kufichwa. Hsu Chien na binamu mwingine, Ah Pi, wanaenda nyumbani kwa Big Boss kutafuta ndugu zao, lakini nao wanauawa baada ya mapigano makali. Kukosekana kwao kunasababisha wafanyakazi kugoma na kuanza fujo dhidi ya uongozi wa kiwanda. Cheng anaendelea kuvumilia, lakini wakati wa fujo hizo, mmoja wa wahuni anapasua mkufu wake wa johari. Kwa hasira, Cheng anaingia vitani na kuwapiga wahuni hao vibaya. Ili kutuliza hali, meneja anamteua Cheng kuwa msimamizi (mnyampara). Usiku wa sherehe ya uteuzi wake, Cheng anapewa pombe nyingi na kulala na mwanamke mmoja anayeuza mwili, Sun Wu Man. Jambo hili linamfanya aone haya mbele ya rafiki yake, Chow Mei, na anashindwa kutekeleza ahadi yake ya kufuatilia polisi kuhusu ndugu zake waliopotea. Baadaye, Sun Wu Man anamwonya Cheng kuwa maisha yake yako hatarini na kumpa siri kuwa Hsiao Mi anajishughulisha na biashara ya dawa za kulevya. Baada ya Cheng kuondoka, mtoto wa Big Boss anamuua Sun. Cheng anavamia kiwandani na kugundua dawa za kulevya pamoja na vichwa vya ndugu zake na Sun vikiwa vimegandishwa kwenye barafu. Cheng anapigana na kuua kundi la wahuni pamoja na mtoto wa Big Boss, kisha anarudi nyumbani na kukuta ndugu zake wengine wote wameuawa na Chow Mei ametekwa. Akiwa na uchungu mkubwa, Cheng anaapa kulipiza kisasi. Anavamia jumba la Big Boss na kupigana na kundi lake lote. Wakati mapigano yakiendelea, mtumwa mmoja wa Big Boss anamwachia huru Chow Mei, ambaye anakimbia kwenda kuita polisi wa Thailand. Baada ya mapambano makali ya ana kwa ana, Cheng anamuua Big Boss kwa kumchoma kisu. Baada ya kuona Chow Mei yuko salama akiwa na polisi, Cheng anajisalimisha mikononi mwa mamlaka. == Washiriki == * [[Bruce Lee]] * [[James Tien (actor)|James Tien]] * [[Nora Miao]] * [[Lee Kwan]] * Han Ying-chieh (The Big Boss) * [[Tony Liu]] * Kam San * Kam San * Li Hua Sze * Malarin Boonak * Chan Chue * Chom * [[Chan Wui-ngai|Billy Chan Wui-ngai]] * [[Lam Ching-ying]] * Tu Chia-Cheng * Peter Chan Lung == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb title|0067824}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|the_big_boss_1972}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110914081833/http://hkmdb.com/db/movies/view.mhtml?id=5265&display_set=eng ''The Big Boss''] at the [[Hong Kong Movie DataBase]] * {{Amg movie|17615}} * [http://bruceleelives.co.uk/missingboss.html An in-depth article on the missing scenes featuring rare publicity shots and screenshots] {{Wayback|url=http://bruceleelives.co.uk/missingboss.html |date=20190323101608 }} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 1971]] [[Jamii:Filamu za China]] 5si6in03a2tmnx7zju2lq0d1bljjuhc 0 140834 1612130 1527199 2026-10-31T04:49:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Tim Conigrave''' ([[19 Novemba]] [[1959]] - [[18 Oktoba]] [[1994]]) alikuwa [[raia]] wa nchi ya [[Australia]] [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanaharakati]] na [[mwandishi]] wa kumbukumbu iliyojulikana kimataifa, ''"Holding the Man."'' == Maisha == Melbourne ndipo mahali alipozaliwa Conigrave, alihudhuria katika chuo cha Xavier na baadaye chuo kikuu cha Monash, Mnamo miaka ya 1789 Conigrave alionekana katika baadhi ya filamu kama ''Bertolt Brecht'', ''Man Equals Man|A Man's a Man'' na ''Ariane Mnouchkine''. Baada ya kuhitimu alifanya kazi na kituo cha sanaa cha vijana cha St Martin. Alison Richards, na Val Levkowicz waliigiza katika maonyesho ya utalii ya "The Zig & Zag Follies", "'Hand's Cain" na "Quick-Eze Cafe" chini ya uongozi wa [[Helmut Bakaitis]]. Mnamo Julai 1981 chini ya uongozi wa Peter King Conigrave alitumbuiza katika utengenezaji wa kikundi cha Maigizo cha Australia (APG) cha "Bold Tales" huko [[The Pram Factory]]. Mnamo 1981 alimaliza filamu yake ya kwanza ya " The Blitz Kids ", ambayo ilichezwa katika ukumbi wa michezo wa La Mama (Adelaide) mnamo Agosti mwaka huo kwenye bodi ya wakurugenzi chini ya kampuni ya ''Guild Theatre'' na pia alifanya kazi kwenye [[Edward Bond]] 's [[Saved (play) | Saved]] Katika miaka ya 1980 alikuwa mshiriki wa "The Globos, kikundi cha Kaberiti cha muziki wa vichekesho, ambapo alikuwa akicheza katika kilabu cha usiku cha Kinselas cha Sydney. "Holding the Man" ilikuwa ni aliyoiandika kuelezea mahusiano baina yake na John Caleo, ambapo walikutana katika chuo kikuu cha Xavier. Caleo alikuwa nahodha wa Timu ya Soka ya Kanuni za Australia na Conigrave alitaka kuwa muigizaji. Kabla ya kufa kwa ugonjwa wa UKIMWI Conigrave alimaliza utunzi wakitabu chake ndani ya muda mfupi. Mnamo mwaka 1995 kitabu kilichapishwa na ''Penguin Books'' huko [[Australia]] na pia huko Uhispania na Amerika ya Kaskazini. Ndani ya huohuo mwaka kitabu hicho kilishinda tuzo ya Umoja wa Mataifa katika uwanja wa Haki za Binadamu kwa hadithi zisizo za kubuniwa. Kupitia mwandishi wa tamthilia wa [[Australia]] Tommy Murphy, "Holding the Man" imebadilishwa kuwa mchezo wa kushinda tuzo nyingi. Ndsni ya Kampuni ya Griffin Theatre uzalishaji wa PREMIERE ulielekezwa na [[David Berthold]]. Katika msimu wa kurudi huko Griffin, Februari - Machi 2007, ambapo pia iliuza, kabla ya kuhamishia [[Sydney Opera House]] kwa msimu wa tatu wa kuuza, 9-26 Mei 2007. Ukumbi wa michezo ujulikanao kwa jina la "Company B (theatre)" katika [[Belvoir St Theatre]] iliandaa msimu wa nne tarehe 22 Septemba - 4 Novemba 2007. Mwanzioni mwa Machi 2008 msimu wa tano ulichezwa katika [[Brisbane Powerhouse]] na wafuasi wa sita kama sehemu ya [[Melbourne Theatre Company]] msimu wa 2008, 19 Machi - 26 Aprili 2008. Mwaka 2010 ilicheza katika London [[Trafalgar Studios]]. Kumekuwa pia na maonyesho huko San Francisco, Auckland, New Zealand, na hivi karibuni utengenezaji wa 2014 huko Los Angeles iliyoongozwa na [[Larry Moss (kaimu mkufunzi) | Larry Moss]] na akishirikiana na Nate Jones, [[Adam J. Yeend] ], [[Cameron Daddo]] na [[Roxane Wilson]], na pia kufanikiwa katika msimu wa joto wa 2018 katika Filamu na Michezo ya Pride ya Chicago.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://chicagotheaterbeat.com/2018/08/08/holding-the-man-review-pride-films-and-plays/ |title=Review: ''Holding the Man'' (Pride Films and Plays) |work=Chicago Theater Beat |date=8 August 2018 |accessdate=21 July 2019 |archivedate=2020-07-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706202944/http://chicagotheaterbeat.com/2018/08/08/holding-the-man-review-pride-films-and-plays/ }}</ref> Mnamo jumapili 18 Oktoba 2015 Hati kulingana na maisha ya Tim Conigrave na John Caleo, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Filamu la Adelaide. ArtsHub iliipongeza filamu hiyo kama "yenye nguvu na inayoshirikisha na kodi inayofaa kwa Tim Conigrave, kwaajili ya janga la UKIMWI yeye na mumewe John Caleo."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://screen.artshub.com.au/news-article/reviews/film/richard-watts/remembering-the-man-249614 |title=Remembering the Man |first=Richard |last=Watts |publisher=ArtsHub Australia }}</ref> Guardian alisema" filamu hii inaenda sawa (kwa kusema) kwenye chumba cha mashoga "wakati alipoweka Kumbukumbu ya Mwanaume kwenye orodha yake ya Australia Filamu 10 bora za LGBT.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/07/i-will-survive-australias-10-best-ever-lgbt-films |title='I will survive!': Australia's 10 best LGBT films |first=Luke |last=Buckmaster |date=6 April 2016 |work=[[The Guardian]] }}</ref> ''FilmInk'' iliita filamu hiyo kuwa "maandishi yaliyoundwa kwa uzuri" na ikabaini kuwa "Licha ya msiba ulio katika kiini cha waraka huu, ni kama Holding The Man, ni filamu ya kuinua na kutia matumaini. Hata Tim angeipenda operesheni hiyo<ref>{{citation |title=Remembering the Man |work=FilmInk }}</ref> ''Remembering the Man'' ilishinda tuzo za Wasikilizaji kwa maandishi bora kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Adelaide 2015,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://adelaidefilmfestival.org/news/media-releases/2015-audience-award-winners-announced |title=2015 Audience Award Winners Announced |date=29 October 2015 |publisher=[[Adelaide Film Festival]] |accessdate=2021-08-11 |archivedate=2016-04-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408053426/http://adelaidefilmfestival.org/news/media-releases/2015-audience-award-winners-announced }}</ref> Tamasha la Filamu la Mardi Gras la Sydney 2016<ref>{{cite web |url=http://queerscreen.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MGFF2016-Wrap-Press-Release.pdf |title=Queer Screen's Mardi Gras Film Festival on Tour Sydney Winners Announced |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160427074504/http://queerscreen.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MGFF2016-Wrap-Press-Release.pdf |date=14 March 2016 |accessdate=16 April 2016 |archivedate=27 April 2016 }}</ref> na Tamasha la Filamu la Melbourne Queer 2016.<ref name="mqff.com.au">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mqff.com.au/pages/film-awards |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-08-11 |archivedate=2016-10-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011063530/http://www.mqff.com.au/pages/film-awards }}</ref> tuzo ya juri ya hati bora katika Tamasha la MiFo LGBT 2016 na tuzo ya Best Documentary (Wasifu) na ATOM ya 2015 Tuzo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mifofilm.com/winners|title=OUTshine Film Festival - Winners|website=mifofilm.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407121217/https://mifofilm.com/winners|archivedate=2019-04-07|accessdate=2021-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> Wakurugenzi wa waraka huo, Nickolas Bird na Eleanor Sharpe, waliteuliwa kwa mwelekeo bora wa maandishi katika Tuzo la Chama cha Mkurugenzi wa Australia 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adg.org.au/lib/pdf/MR-Nominations-announced-for-2016-ADG-Awards.pdf |title=The 2016 Australian Directors Guild Awards Nominations are Revealed |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616154142/http://www.adg.org.au/lib/pdf/MR-Nominations-announced-for-2016-ADG-Awards.pdf |date=12 April 2016 |accessdate=16 April 2016 |archivedate=16 June 2016 }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 1985 Conigrave na Caleo waligundulika kuwa na VVU. Hadi kufikia mwaka 1990 walibaki wakiwa na afya nzuri, lakini Caleo aligunduliwa yakuwa ana saratani, licha ya kupigana na ugonjwa wake mwenyewe Conigrave alimuguza Caleo. Mnamo 1991 John caleo alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 31. Baada ya miaka miwili baadaye Tim Conigrave alifari akiwa na umri wa miaka 34 == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Vingo vya nje == *[http://www.alphabrett.com/TimConigrave/article.html Outrage Magazine July 1997 - with photos of Timothy Conigrave and John Caleo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alphabrett.com/TimConigrave/article.html |date=20210513153539 }} *[http://www.griffintheatre.com.au Griffin Theatre Company website] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070708193834/http://www.holdingtheman.net/ North American distributor and promoter of Holding The Man book and play] *[https://www.amazon.com/Holding-Man-Timothy-Conigrave/dp/0978825950 Holding the Man on Amazon, with reader reviews] *[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3671542/ Holding the Man on IMDB] *FindAGrave.com entries for [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/159447621/timothy-fairfax-conigrave Timothy Conigrave] and [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/159447351/john-robert-caleo John Caleo] {{DEFAULTSORT:Conigrave, Timothy}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1994]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Australia]] d2vhcnkfjpcarcqqc141d8wo2m0evb2 0 147180 1612153 1528077 2026-10-31T07:40:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ute Elisabeth Finckh-Krämer''' (alizaliwa [[Desemba 16]], [[1956]], huko [[Wiesbaden]] ) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Ujerumani]] wa [[Chama cha Kijamaa-Kidemokrasia cha Ujerumani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Kijamii]] (SPD). Alikuwa mwanachama wa Bundestag kutoka Oktoba 2013 hadi Oktoba 2017. == Elimu na Taaluma == Finckh-Krämer alihitimu kutoka Gymnasium ya Altes (Bremen) mnamo Mei 1974 na alisoma hisabati na [[Fizikia|fizikia kidogo]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Erlangen-Nuremberg. Katika muhula wa kiangazi wa 1977, alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Tübingen, ambapo alihitimu mnamo Aprili 1981 na digrii ya hesabu. Mnamo mwaka wa 1986, alipata digrii yake ya udaktari huko Tübingen kwa tasnifu ''Beiträge zur Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie auf einer Kingman-Struktur'' chini ya Herbert Heyer. <ref name="nodak">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=26634|title=Ute Finckh-Krämer – The Mathematics Genealogy Project|work=genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu|accessdate=November 9, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222051345/https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=26634|archivedate=2022-02-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kwa mara ya kwanza kama mhadhiri wa elimu ya watu wazima na zaidi mnamo 1987 kisha akafanya kazi katika Rejesta Kuu ya Ujerumani ya Matatizo ya Kusikia kwa Mtoto kutoka 1994 hadi 2000. Amekuwa mshauri katika Ofisi ya Vyombo vya Habari vya Serikali ya Shirikisho tangu Septemba 2001. == Harakati za Amani == Finckh-Krämer amekuwa akifanya kazi ya kuhasisha Amani tangu enzi zake za wanafunzi, baada ya kushiriki, kwenye mambo mengi uko Großengstingen kwenye msimu wa joto mwaka 1982 na kushiriki katika kizuizi huko Mutlangen katika msimu wa joto wa 1984. Mnamo 1989, alianzisha [[Minden]] / Westphalia na Bund für Soziale Defense (BSV). Anafanya kazi na BSV katika Jukwaa la Mabadiliko ya Migogoro ya Kiraia. {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa katika Historia ya Ujerumani]] aj5txtu3z71yzg6umwtyv3z33bv08bq 0 147636 1612116 1611432 2026-10-31T00:54:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheila Wairimu Mwarangu''' (née '''Sheila Wairimu''' ), ni [[mhandisi]] mshauri [[Mhandisi Majengo|wa kiraia]] na miundombinu, ambaye ni mshirika na [[Mkurugenzi|mkurugenzi mkuu]] katika [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722052239/http://www.gathara.co.ke/ Gathara & Partners Consulting Civil and Structural Engineers], kampuni ya uhandisi ya ushauri kutoka [[Kenya]] huko [[Nairobi]], mji mkuu na jiji kubwa zaidi la Kenya. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|format=PDF|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|date=2017|accessdate=25 November 2017|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|author=Business Daily Africa|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152014/http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|archivedate=2017-11-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=25 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page|title=Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited|author=Sheila Mwarangu|accessdate=25 November 2017}}</ref> == Historia na elimu == Alipata Shahada yake ya Uhandisi (BEng) katika mnamo [[2002]], kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Manchester . Aliendelea na masomo yake katika Chuo cha Imperial London, ambapo alitunukiwa Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi (MSc) katika Uhandisi wa Miundombinu, mnamo [[2003]]. Pia ana shahada ya Mtendaji wa MBA (EMBA) kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya IESE, iliyotunukiwa mwaka [[2015]]. Baadaye, mwaka [[2016]], alipata Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) kutoka [[Strathmore Business School|Shule ya Biashara ya Strathmore]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=25 November 2017|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page|title=Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited|author=Sheila Mwarangu|accessdate=25 November 2017}}Sheila Mwarangu (25 November 2017). [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sheilamwarangu/?trk=public-profile-join-page "Sheila Mwarangu: Managing Director at Gathara Consulting Engineers Limited"]. [[LinkedIn]]. Retrieved 25 November<</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game|title=Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=31 December 2011|first=Grace|author=Wekesa}}</ref> == Familia == Ni mama wa watoto wawili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|format=PDF|title=Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya|date=2017|accessdate=25 November 2017|publisher=[[Nation Media Group]]|author=Business Daily Africa|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111152014/http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf|archivedate=2017-11-11|url-status=dead}} web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBusiness_Daily_Africa2017">Business Daily Africa (2017). [http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf "Top 40 Women Under 40 in Kenya"] {{Wayback|url=http://host.nationmedia.com/Top40Under40-2017.pdf |date=20171111152014 }} . Nairobi: [[Nation Media Group]]accessdate">. Retrieved {{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game|title=Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game|accessdate=25 November 2015|date=31 December 2011|first=Grace|author=Wekesa}} id="CITEREFWekesa2011">Wekesa, Grace (31 December 2011). [https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000049190/chartered-engineer-on-top-of-her-game "Chartered Engineer On Top of Her Game"]. ''[[Kiwango (Kenya)|The Standard (Kenya)]]''. Nairobi. Retrieved</ref> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722052239/http://www.gathara.co.ke/ Tovuti ya Gathara & Partners Consulting Civil and Structural Engineers] == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wahandisi nchi kwa nchi]] o6sdbfyafoa2t5vjkh4lq5s5jonw9a1 0 157721 1612101 1522273 2026-10-30T21:00:05Z Kent Wang 92997 Exterior of Basílica de Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Fátima) 22.jpg 1612101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fra bartolomeo 02 Vision of St Bernard with Sts Benedict and John the Evangelist.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''Maria kumtokea Mt. Bernardo'', [[mchoro]] wa [[Fra Bartolommeo]], [[1504]] hivi. [[Makumbusho ya Uffizi]], [[Florence]].]] [[File:Virgen de guadalupe1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Bikira Maria wa Guadalupe]].]] [[File:MaryjazLaSalette.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Sanamu]] ya [[Bikira Maria wa La Salette]].]] [[File:Sanctuary NDL 2.jpg|thumb|Patakatifu pa [[Lourdes]], [[Ufaransa]].]] [[File:Exterior of Basílica de Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Fátima) 22.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Patakatifu pa Fatima, [[Ureno]]]] '''Njozi za Bikira Maria''' ni maono ya [[Bikira Maria]] yaliyoripotiwa na watu mbalimbali, hasa [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] wa [[madhehebu]] mbalimbali, kwamba yamewapata nje ya [[ndoto]], na kwamba walimuona akiwa yuko sehemu fulani, na si kusikia tu [[sauti]] yake <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=syMABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA4|last=Zimdars-Swartz|first=Sandra L.|title=Encountering Mary: From La Salette to Medjugorje|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2014|isbn=9781400861637|page=4|quote=An apparition is best understood as a specific kind of vision in which a person or being not normally within the visionary's perceptual range appears to that person, not in a world apart as in a dream, and not as a modification of a concrete object as in the case of a weeping icon or moving statue, but as part of the environment, without apparent connection to verifiable visual stimuli.}}</ref>. Njozi zinaweza zikawa za kweli au siyo. Mtu anaweza akadanganya kwa makusudi, anaweza akadanganyika mwenyewe katika inavyofafanuliwa na [[saikolojia]] kwa nafasi mbalimbali<ref>The [[Catholic Church]] believes that it is possible for actually-supernatural Marian apparitions to occur, but also believes that many claimed apparitions are fabricated by the seer or the result of something other than divine intervention. For this reason, the Catholic Church has a formal evaluation process established for assessing claimed apparitions.</ref>, lakini kwa wenye [[imani]] ya [[dini]] ni jambo ambalo linawezekana kutokea kweli<ref>Believers consider such apparitions to be real and objective interventions of divine power, rather than subjective experiences generated by the perceiving individuals, even in cases where the apparition is reportedly seen by only some, not all, of the people present at the event's location.</ref>. Kwao Bikira Maria kutokea watu ni uthibitisho wa uwajibikaji wake kama [[mama wa Kanisa]] na wa waumini wake. Anaweza kuwatokea kuitikia maombi yao, kuahidi msaada wake<ref>Apparitions are often accompanied by other alleged supernatural phenomena, such as medical cures.</ref> , kufariji au kuonya, akikumbusha kweli za imani na maadili yanayotakiwa n.k.<ref>''Dictionary of Mary'', Catholic Book Publishing Co. New York. 1985, Imprimatur, p25-26</ref> [[Kanisa Katoliki]] lina taratibu zake katika kutathmini [[ukweli]] wa njozi hizo; kati ya vigezo vinavyotumika kuna unyofu na uadilifu wa wanaodai kutokewa, usahihi wa imani wa ujumbe wanaosimulia wamepewa, matunda mazuri yanayofuata <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19780225_norme-apparizioni_en.html|title=Norms Regarding the Manner of Proceeding in the Discernment of Presumed Apparitions or Revelations|publisher=[[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]]|date=1978-02-24}}</ref>. Pamoja na kwamba Kanisa hilo limekataa njiozi nyingi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Apparitions Statistics, Modern : University of Dayton, Ohio|url=https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/a/apparitions-statistics-modern.php|access-date=2020-06-19|website=udayton.edu}}</ref>, hata likithibisha ukweli wa njozi fulani, hakuna anayelazimika kuiamini kwa sababu ni mafunuo binafsi tu<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aleteia.org/2019/05/15/this-map-illustrates-500-years-of-marys-apparitions/|title=This map illustrates 500 years of Mary's apparitions|website=[[Aleteia]]|first=Philip|last=Kosloski|date=2019-05-15|access-date=2019-10-07|quote=Even if the Church recognizes an apparition as worthy of belief, no Catholic is obligated to believe in any private revelation, such as an apparition. The Church simply says that a person can find spiritual aid from an apparition, if he or she so chooses.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Private and public revelation | work=Catholic Culture | url=http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/most/getwork.cfm?worknum=162 | access-date=January 11, 2012}}</ref>, ambayo ni tofauti na [[ufunuo]] rasmi uliokamilika wakati wa [[Mitume wa Yesu]]. Njozi kadhaa za Bikira Maria zimeathiri sana [[maisha]] ya watu, kama ile ya [[Bikira Maria wa Guadalupe]] huko [[Mexico]] ambayo iliwavuta wakazi asili kukubali [[ubatizo]] kwa mamilioni na ni sehemu ya [[utambulisho]] wa [[taifa]]. Mara nyingi njozi zinasababisha [[ujenzi]] wa [[patakatifu]] panapokuwa mahali pa [[hija]] kwa wengi, [[karne]] hata karne<ref name="ewtn.com">[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/ZSHRINE.HTM "Shrine Of Guadalupe Most Popular In World", Zenit News, June 13, 1999]</ref><ref>[https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/interior/religiao-movimenta-330-milhoes-de-turistas-por-ano-e-seis-milhoes-vao-a-fatima-5677138.html "Religion moves 330 million tourists a year and six million go to Fátima"] {{Wayback|url=https://www.dn.pt/sociedade/interior/religiao-movimenta-330-milhoes-de-turistas-por-ano-e-seis-milhoes-vao-a-fatima-5677138.html |date=20181205060702 }}, Diário de Notícias, February 19, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://24.sapo.pt/atualidade/artigos/fatima-espera-receber-8-milhoes-de-visitantes-em-2017 "Fátima expects to receive 8 million visitors in 2017"], in Sapo20, December 15, 2016.</ref>, lakini pia uanzishwaji wa [[Mtawa|mashirika ya kitawa]], vyama vya kitume, [[sala]] mpya n.k. == Tanbihi == {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo mengine== * {{cite book | first=Kevin | last=McClure | title=The Evidence for Visions of the Virgin Mary | publisher=Aquarian Press | location=Wellingborough | year=1983 | isbn=0-85030-351-6 | url=https://archive.org/details/evidenceforvisio00mccl }} * {{cite book | first=René | last=Laurentin | title=The Apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary Today | publisher=Veritas Publications | location=Dublin | orig-year=1990| year=1991 | isbn=1853901199 | author-link=René Laurentin }} * {{cite book | first=Catherine M. | last=Odell | title=Those Who Saw Her: Apparitions of Mary | publisher=[[Our Sunday Visitor]] | location=Huntington | year=1995 | isbn=0-87973-664-X | url=https://www.christianbook.com/those-revised-and-updated-apparitions-mary/catherine-odell/9781592765980/pd/765980 | access-date=2022-08-29 | archive-date=2022-08-29 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829092055/https://www.christianbook.com/those-revised-and-updated-apparitions-mary/catherine-odell/9781592765980/pd/765980 | dead-url=yes }} * {{cite book | first=Janice T. | last=Connell | title=Meetings with Mary: Visions of The Blessed Mother | url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/30678/meetings-with-mary-by-janice-t-connell/ | url-access=registration | publisher=[[Ballantine Books]] | location=United States | year=1996 | isbn=0-345-39705-3 }} * {{cite book | first=G. Scott | last=Sparrow | title=Sacred Encounters with Mary | url=https://archive.org/details/sacredencounters0000spar | publisher=Thomas More Association/[[Ave Maria Press]] | location=Chicago | year=2004 | isbn=1-59471-047-3 }} * {{cite book | first=Joan Carroll | last=Cruz | title=See How She Loves Us: 50 Approved Apparitions of Our Lady | url=https://tanbooks.com/catholic-miracles/joan-carroll-cruz/see-how-she-loves-us-50-approved-apparitions-of-our-lady/ | publisher=TAN Books | location=Charlotte NC | year=2012 | isbn=9780895557186 }} * [https://global.oup.com/academic/product/our-lady-of-the-nations-9780198718383 Maunder, Chris. ''Our Lady of the Nations: Apparitions of Mary in 20th-century Catholic Europe''], Oxford University Press, 2016 ISBN|9780198718383 * [https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691630434/encountering-mary Zimdars-Swartz, Sandra L., ''Encountering Mary: From La Salette to Medjugorje''], Princeton University Press, 2014, ISBN|9781400861637 {{Bikira Maria}} [[Category:Bikira Maria]] [[Category:Historia ya Ukristo]] jxnz0ihyza8x3n9mga7zqgj0zy6kmcv 0 160999 1612162 1515001 2026-10-31T08:54:51Z Eric Liston 93592 /* */ 1612162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Stephene'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB atoa ya moyoni kueleza anavyompenda mke wake – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/jb-atoa-ya-moyoni-kueleza-anavyompenda-mke-wake-01-2015/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2022-10-17}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama ''JB'' pia ''Bonge la bwana'' ni [[Mwigizaji|msanii wa maigizo]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana sana kwa uhusika wake katika filamu ya [[Dj Ben]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB: Richie alinishawishi kuigiza {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/jb-richie-alinishawishi-kuigiza|work=eatv.tv|date=2014-04-28|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en}}</ref>akishirikiana na [[Wema Sepetu]] pamoja na [[Irene Uwoya]]. == Filmografia== Hizi ni baadhi ya filamu ambazo muigizaji Jacob Steohen ameshiriki<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen Jacob Stephen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen |date=20130616032655 }} katika <nowiki>'''Bongo Cinema'''</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" background: #f9f9f0; |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uhusika |- |2011 !''[[Dj Ben]]'' |Dj Ben |- |2014 !''[[Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu]]'' |Mtayarishaji |- | !''Lost Adam'' | |- | !''Off Side'' | |- |2010 !''Fair Decision'' | |- | !''Senior bachelor'' | |- | !''Peace of Mind'' | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Tanzania]] pi3grgaeqd25gu64rgj6sy2inpxnn5j 1612164 1612162 2026-10-31T09:22:15Z Eric Liston 93592 1612164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Stephene'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB atoa ya moyoni kueleza anavyompenda mke wake – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/jb-atoa-ya-moyoni-kueleza-anavyompenda-mke-wake-01-2015/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2022-10-17}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama ''JB'' pia ''Bonge la bwana'' ni [[Mwigizaji|msanii wa maigizo]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana sana kwa uhusika wake katika filamu ya [[Dj Ben]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB: Richie alinishawishi kuigiza {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/jb-richie-alinishawishi-kuigiza|work=eatv.tv|date=2014-04-28|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en}}</ref>akishirikiana na [[Wema Sepetu]] pamoja na [[Irene Uwoya]]. == Filmografia== Hizi ni baadhi ya filamu ambazo muigizaji Jacob Steohen ameshiriki<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen Jacob Stephen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen |date=20130616032655 }} katika <nowiki>'''Bongo Cinema'''</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" background: #f9f9f0; |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu / Tamthilia ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uhusika |- style="text-align: center;" !2026 !Zora - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2025 !Haikufuma - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2023 !Single Mamas - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2022 !Mwanamziki - series !Mtayarishaji |- |2011 !''[[Dj Ben]]'' |Dj Ben |- |2014 !''[[Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu]]'' |Mtayarishaji |- | !''Lost Adam'' | |- | !''Off Side'' | |- |2010 !''Fair Decision'' | |- | !''Senior bachelor'' | |- | !''Peace of Mind'' | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Tanzania]] ekaiegdqw1b62w33aima8jcllc1fvos 1612193 1612164 2026-10-31T09:59:35Z Eric Liston 93592 /* */ 1612193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Stephene'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB atoa ya moyoni kueleza anavyompenda mke wake – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/jb-atoa-ya-moyoni-kueleza-anavyompenda-mke-wake-01-2015/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2022-10-17}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama ''JB'' pia ''Bonge la bwana'' ni [[Mwigizaji|msanii wa maigizo]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana sana kwa uhusika wake katika filamu ya [[Dj Ben]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB: Richie alinishawishi kuigiza {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/jb-richie-alinishawishi-kuigiza|work=eatv.tv|date=2014-04-28|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en}}</ref>akishirikiana na [[Wema Sepetu]] pamoja na [[Irene Uwoya]]. Alianza kama muigizaji wa maigizo miaka ya 2000 na baadae alipata uzoefu mkubwa sana kwenye tasnia ya filamu nchini Tanzania na kuanza kuwa Mtayarushaji mkubwa wa Filamu na Tamthilia pendwa kila mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> Chini ya kampuni yake ya Jerusalem Films hutengeneza filamu na Tamthilia ambazo hurushwa Azam Tv, Swahiliflix App, www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz na YouTube - jbfilms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> == Filmografia== Hizi ni baadhi ya filamu ambazo muigizaji Jacob Steohen ameshiriki<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen Jacob Stephen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen |date=20130616032655 }} katika <nowiki>'''Bongo Cinema'''</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" background: #f9f9f0; |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu / Tamthilia ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uhusika |- style="text-align: center;" !2026 !Zora - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2025 !Haikufuma - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2023 !Single Mamas - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2022 !Mwanamziki - series !Mtayarishaji |- |2011 !''[[Dj Ben]]'' |Dj Ben |- |2014 !''[[Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu]]'' |Mtayarishaji |- | !''Lost Adam'' | |- | !''Off Side'' | |- |2010 !''Fair Decision'' | |- | !''Senior bachelor'' | |- | !''Peace of Mind'' | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Tanzania]] 67lhp8tn0ou59dbmrc73rqp1av0uabt 1612199 1612193 2026-10-31T10:19:57Z Eric Liston 93592 /* Filmografia */ 1612199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Stephene'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB atoa ya moyoni kueleza anavyompenda mke wake – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/jb-atoa-ya-moyoni-kueleza-anavyompenda-mke-wake-01-2015/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2022-10-17}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama ''JB'' pia ''Bonge la bwana'' ni [[Mwigizaji|msanii wa maigizo]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana sana kwa uhusika wake katika filamu ya [[Dj Ben]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB: Richie alinishawishi kuigiza {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/jb-richie-alinishawishi-kuigiza|work=eatv.tv|date=2014-04-28|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en}}</ref>akishirikiana na [[Wema Sepetu]] pamoja na [[Irene Uwoya]]. Alianza kama muigizaji wa maigizo miaka ya 2000 na baadae alipata uzoefu mkubwa sana kwenye tasnia ya filamu nchini Tanzania na kuanza kuwa Mtayarushaji mkubwa wa Filamu na Tamthilia pendwa kila mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> Chini ya kampuni yake ya Jerusalem Films hutengeneza filamu na Tamthilia ambazo hurushwa Azam Tv, Swahiliflix App, www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz na YouTube - jbfilms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> == Filmografia== Hizi ni baadhi ya filamu ambazo muigizaji Jacob Steohene ameshiriki<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephene Jacob Stephene] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen |date=20130616032655 }} katika <nowiki>'''Bongo Cinema'''</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" background: #f9f9f0; |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu / Tamthilia ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uhusika |- style="text-align: center;" !2026 !Zora - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2025 !Haikufuma - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2023 !Single Mamas - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2022 !Mwanamziki - series !Mtayarishaji |- |2011 !''[[Dj Ben]]'' |Dj Ben |- |2014 !''[[Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu]]'' |Mtayarishaji |- | !''Lost Adam'' | |- | !''Off Side'' | |- |2010 !''Fair Decision'' | |- | !''Senior bachelor'' | |- | !''Peace of Mind'' | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Tanzania]] i16pd3l5ntmm0brmajxpashzqvem8mi 1612200 1612199 2026-10-31T10:21:01Z Eric Liston 93592 /* Filmografia */ 1612200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Stephene'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB atoa ya moyoni kueleza anavyompenda mke wake – Bongo5.com|url=https://bongo5.com/jb-atoa-ya-moyoni-kueleza-anavyompenda-mke-wake-01-2015/|work=bongo5.com|accessdate=2022-10-17}}</ref> anayejulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii kama ''JB'' pia ''Bonge la bwana'' ni [[Mwigizaji|msanii wa maigizo]], [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana sana kwa uhusika wake katika filamu ya [[Dj Ben]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=JB: Richie alinishawishi kuigiza {{!}} East Africa Television|url=https://eatv.tv/news/entertainment/jb-richie-alinishawishi-kuigiza|work=eatv.tv|date=2014-04-28|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en}}</ref>akishirikiana na [[Wema Sepetu]] pamoja na [[Irene Uwoya]]. Alianza kama muigizaji wa maigizo miaka ya 2000 na baadae alipata uzoefu mkubwa sana kwenye tasnia ya filamu nchini Tanzania na kuanza kuwa Mtayarushaji mkubwa wa Filamu na Tamthilia pendwa kila mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> Chini ya kampuni yake ya Jerusalem Films hutengeneza filamu na Tamthilia ambazo hurushwa Azam Tv, Swahiliflix App, www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz na YouTube - jbfilms.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JERUSALEMFILMS|url=http://www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz/|work=www.jerusalemfilms.co.tz|accessdate=2026-10-31}}</ref> == Filmografia== Hizi ni baadhi ya filamu ambazo muigizaji Jacob Stephene ameshiriki<ref>[http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephene Jacob Stephene] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bongocinema.com/casts/view/jacob-stephen |date=20130616032655 }} katika <nowiki>'''Bongo Cinema'''</nowiki></ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" background: #f9f9f0; |- style="text-align:center;" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Mwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filamu / Tamthilia ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uhusika |- style="text-align: center;" !2026 !Zora - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2025 !Haikufuma - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2023 !Single Mamas - series !Mtayarishaji |- style="text-align: center;" !2022 !Mwanamziki - series !Mtayarishaji |- |2011 !''[[Dj Ben]]'' |Dj Ben |- |2014 !''[[Hukumu ya Ndoa Yangu]]'' |Mtayarishaji |- | !''Lost Adam'' | |- | !''Off Side'' | |- |2010 !''Fair Decision'' | |- | !''Senior bachelor'' | |- | !''Peace of Mind'' | |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watengeneza Filamu wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waandaaji Filamu za Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji filamu wa Tanzania]] 0nbmbjbidmym4yautsnmhyx46jmo3i7 0 166925 1612074 1612010 2026-10-30T15:30:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:María Belén Carvajal 2015 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Maria Carvajal mnamo 2015]] '''María Belén Carvajal Peña''' (alizaliwa [[13 Septemba]] [[1983]]) ni [[Refa|mwamuzi]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kimataifa wa nchini [[Chile]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://worldreferee.com/referee/maria_carvajal/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703112701/https://worldreferee.com/referee/maria_carvajal/ |archivedate=2019-07-03 |accessdate=2023-04-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.soccerway.com/referees/maria-carvajal/333413/|title=Chile - M. Carvajal - Profile with news, career statistics and history - Soccerway}}</ref> Alikua mwamuzi rasmi katika michuano ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la Wanawake 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://de.fifa.com/womensworldcup/news/aufgebot-der-spieloffiziellen-fur-die-fifa-frauen-wm-2019tm|title=FIFA}}</ref> <ref>[https://digitalhub.fifa.com/m/1b485598f8f5a1cd/original/n8eqnjfvnrfpvqt0msyx-pdf.pdf FIFA.com]</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wanamichezo wa Chile]] jsu9znrd5silg0o6igdnusuw8c61y9n 0 173791 1612108 1525029 2026-10-30T23:26:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samantha Louisa Ricketts''' (amezaliwa Desemba 29, 1986)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Samantha Louisa Ricketts, Born 12/29/1986 in California {{!}} CaliforniaBirthIndex.org|url=https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/samantha_louisa_ricketts_born_1986_17600645|work=www.californiabirthindex.org|accessdate=2023-08-03|archive-date=2022-11-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106181151/https://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/samantha_louisa_ricketts_born_1986_17600645|url-status=dead}}</ref> ni [[Mmarekani]], aliyecheza mchezo wa mpira laini katika ngazi ya kitaaluma na pia ni kocha mkuu wa timu ya mpira laini ya [[Mississippi State]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Samantha Ricketts - Softball Coach|url=https://hailstate.com/sports/softball/roster/coaches/samantha-ricketts/2217|work=Mississippi State|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en}}</ref> Alikuwa mchezaji mahiri wa chuo kikuu na alipata tuzo ya All-American mara mbili. == Historia ya Kucheza == Ricketts alisomea softball katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Oklahoma]] kuanzia mwaka 2006 hadi 2009, ambapo alivunja rekodi ya RBI kwa wakati huo na aliteuliwa kuwa All-American mara mbili na NFCA.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2007-di-aa-teams-4043 {{!}} awards-history {{!}} awards|url=https://nfca.org/awards/awards-history/2007-di-aa-teams-4043|work=NFCA|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en-gb|author=Christine Vogt}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=2009-di-aa-teams-4082 {{!}} awards-history {{!}} awards|url=https://nfca.org/awards/awards-history/2009-di-aa-teams-4082|work=NFCA|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en-gb|author=Christine Vogt}}</ref> Baadaye, Ricketts alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wa kwanza kuchaguliwa katika NPF Draft ya mwaka 2009 na alicheza kwa miaka miwili na timu ya Akron Racers. == Historia ya Ufundishaji == === Mississippi State === Tarehe 21 Julai, 2014, Ricketts aliteuliwa kuwa kocha msaidizi wa timu ya Mississippi State.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mississippi State Hires Ricketts as Softball Asst.|url=https://www.forwhomthecowbelltolls.com/2014/7/21/5922981/samantha-ricketts-mississippi-state-softball-coach-wichita-state-oklahoma|work=For Whom the Cowbell Tolls|date=2014-07-21|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en|author=justinrsutton|archive-date=2023-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803074801/https://www.forwhomthecowbelltolls.com/2014/7/21/5922981/samantha-ricketts-mississippi-state-softball-coach-wichita-state-oklahoma|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kisha, tarehe 30 Julai, 2018, alipandishwa cheo na kuwa kocha mkuu msaidizi. Tarehe 22 Julai, 2019, Ricketts aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya Mississippi State.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Samantha Ricketts Named MSU Head Softball Coach|url=https://hailstate.com/news/2019/7/22/samantha-ricketts-named-msu-head-softball-coach.aspx|work=Mississippi State|date=2019-07-22|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=OU softball: Samantha Ricketts hired as Mississippi State head coach|url=https://www.oudaily.com/sports/ou-softball-samantha-ricketts-hired-as-mississippi-state-head-coach/article_3f8d9e18-aca8-11e9-82df-a73adf1b3f73.html|work=OU Daily|date=2019-07-22|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en|author=Vic Reynolds sports|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803074802/https://www.oudaily.com/sports/ou-softball-samantha-ricketts-hired-as-mississippi-state-head-coach/article_3f8d9e18-aca8-11e9-82df-a73adf1b3f73.html|archivedate=2023-08-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> === USSSA Pride === Tarehe 25 Mei, 2016, Ricketts aliteuliwa kuwa kocha msaidizi wa timu ya [[USSSA]] Pride katika ligi ya [[National Pro Fastpitch]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=USSSA Pride Add Sam Ricketts to 2016 Coaching Staff - USSSA Pride|url=https://www.usssapride.com/usssa-pride-add-sam-ricketts-to-2016-coaching-staff/|work=www.usssapride.com|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Ricketts ni dada wa wanamichezo wa mpira laini, [[Keilani Ricketts]] na [[Stephanie Ricketts.]] Pia, anatokana na kabila la [[Wasamoa]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Softball coach for Mississippi State is a daughter of American Samoa|url=https://samoanews.com/sports/softball-coach-mississippi-state-daughter-american-samoa|work=samoanews.com|date=2019-08-05|accessdate=2023-08-03|language=en}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Marekani]] thh5sb6hqp30k6w8iursnfbyikh2qyk 0 178130 1612149 1528008 2026-10-31T07:20:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|usindikaji wa lugha ya asili kama unavyotumika kwenye [[akili bandia]]|matumizi mengine|Lugha asilia}} '''Usindikaji wa lugha ya asili''' au '''usindikaji lugha asili''' (kutoka kwenye [[Kiingereza]]: ''Natural Language Processing'', ''NLP'' kwa kifupi) ni [[tawi]] la [[akili bandia]] linalojihusisha na kuzipa [[kompyuta]] uwezo kuelewa maandishi au maneno yanayotamkwa katika namna ile ile ambayo binadamu wanaweza. Usindikaji lugha asili unaunganisha [[isimu]], [[takwimu]] pamoja na mitandao mipana ya neva bandia kuchakata lugha ya binadamu katika mtindo wa maandishi au sauti. Usindikaji lugha asili unatumika kwenye [[Programu ya kompyuta|programu za kompyuta]] zinazofasiri maandishi kutoka lugha moja kwenda nyingine, kutambua sauti za maneno, na kuunda muhtasari wa vifungu vya maneno. Usindikaji lugha asili unatumika pia kwenye [[Mfumo Mkubwa wa Lugha|mifumo mikubwa ya lugha]], roboti za mazungumzo kama [[Bard (roboti mazungumzo)|Bard]] na [[ChatGPT]], roboti za utoaji huduma kwa wateja, biashara, na kuongeza tija kwa wafanyakazi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What is Natural Language Processing? {{!}} IBM|url=https://www.ibm.com/topics/natural-language-processing|work=www.ibm.com|accessdate=2024-01-10|language=en-us}}</ref> == Historia == Usindikaji lugha asili ulianza miaka ya 1940, baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia|vita kuu ya pili ya dunia]] ukiwa na lengo la kuunda mashine kwa ajili ya kufasiri lugha moja kwenda nyingine, kazi hii ilikua ngumu tofauti na matumaini ya awali. Mpaka kufika mwaka 1958, watafiti wakubwa kama [[Noam Chomsky]] wakaanza kutambua udhaifu uliokuwepo kwenye mbinu za wakati huo za usindikaji lugha <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NLP - overview|url=https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/2004-05/nlp/overview_history.html|work=cs.stanford.edu|accessdate=2024-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722225803/https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/2004-05/nlp/overview_history.html|archivedate=2024-07-22|url-status=dead}}</ref>, Noam Chomsky aligundua kua, mifumo (kiingereza: ''models'') ya usindikaji lugha asili ya wakati huo ilikosa uwezo wa kung'amua maana ya sentensi ukiacha [[sintaksi]] yake, kwa maneno mengine mifumo ya usindikaji lugha asili ya wakati ule ilikua na uwezo wa kutambua muundo wa kisarufi wa sentensi lakini haikua na uwezo wa kutambua maana ya hio sentensi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Colorless green ideas sleep furiously - wikidoc|url=https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php/Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously#:~:text=%22Colorless%20green%20ideas%20sleep%20furiously%22%20is%20a%20sentence%20composed%20by,need%20for%20more%20structured%20models.|work=www.wikidoc.org|accessdate=2024-01-10|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-sayansi}} [[Jamii:kompyuta]] 696mzdj5v2j1bok7zatb9z9jh0piq23 0 181343 1612163 1528786 2026-10-31T08:54:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mwanasiasa | jina =Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza | nchi =Rwanda | picha =Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha =Maelezo zaidi Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza - Kiongozi wa upinzani wa Rwanda | cheo 1 = mwenyekiti wa Unified Democratic Forces | bunge la = | jimbo la uchaguzi = | chama = UDF | tar. ya kuingia bunge = | alirudishwa mwaka = | aliondoka = | cheo 2 = | kuingia 2 = | kutoka 2 = | akitanguliwa na 2 = | akifuatwa na 2= | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = | mahali pa kuzaliwa = | kifo = | dini = | elimu = | digrii = | kazi =Mwanasiasa | tovuti= |mengine= | }} '''Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza''' (alizaliwa tarehe 3 Oktoba 1968) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Rwanda]] ambaye alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Unified Democratic Forces kutoka mwaka 2006 hadi 2019. Kama mtetezi wa demokrasia na mkosoaji wa Rais [[Paul Kagame]], alikuwa mgombea wa UDF katika uchaguzi wa [[Rais|urais]] wa Rwanda wa mwaka 2010, lakini hatimaye alikamatwa na kuhukumiwa kifungo gerezani.<ref>{{Citation|title=Rwanda terror charge for opposition's Victoire Ingabire|date=2010-10-25|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-11623454|work=BBC News|language=en-GB|access-date=2024-04-30}}</ref> Akiwa mgombea wa Tuzo ya Sakharov, alitumikia miaka 8 kati ya kifungo cha miaka 15 gerezani katika Gereza Kuu la '''[[Kigal]]<nowiki/>i''' kwa mashtaka ya ugaidi na kutishia usalama wa taifa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rwanda: Setting the Scene for Elections: Two Decades of Silencing Dissent in Rwanda|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr47/6585/2017/en/|work=Amnesty International|accessdate=2024-04-30|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How Kagame Deceived The World That He Freed Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza|url=https://www.therwandan.com/how-kagame-deceived-the-world-that-he-freed-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza/|work=Therwandan|date=2018-09-17|accessdate=2024-04-30|language=en-US|author=therwd|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430141300/https://www.therwandan.com/how-kagame-deceived-the-world-that-he-freed-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza/|archivedate=2024-04-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Kwa sasa anaongoza chama cha Development And Liberty For All, kikiwa na lengo la kampeni kwa ajili ya nafasi zaidi kisiasa na kwa ajili ya maendeleo.<ref>https://dalfa.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/PRESS-RELEASE-DALFA-UMURINZI-ENGLISH.pdf</ref><ref>https://dalfa.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/PRESS-RELEASE-DALFA-UMURINZI-ENGLISH.pdf</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Rwanda]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} 6jwo4prkz82wxn2pc68wg3gi4n2jyuj 0 181536 1612201 1599666 2026-10-31T10:52:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''West of Zanzibar''''' ni [[filamu]] ya matukio ya [[Uingereza]] ya mwaka wa [[1954]] iliyoongozwa na Harry Watt na kuigiza Anthony Steel, Sheila Sim na Edric Connor.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BFI {{!}} Film & TV Database {{!}} WEST OF ZANZIBAR (1954)|url=http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545|work=web.archive.org|date=2009-01-14|accessdate=2024-05-04|archive-date=2009-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114021653/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/57545|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Ni mwendelezo wa ''Where No Vultures Fly'' ([[1951]]), kutoka kwa mkurugenzi na mtayarishaji, na kuendeleza matukio ya mlinzi wa wanyamapori Bob Payton, iliyochezwa tena na Anthony Steel. Mada ya filamu hiyo ni magendo ya pembe za ndovu, na ingawa [[filamu]] hiyo inaonekana kuunga mkono wenyeji wa Kiafrika dhidi ya unyonyaji wa kiuchumi, ilipigwa marufuku na serikali ya [[Kenya]], ambayo ilizingatia mtazamo wake kuwa wa kibaba sana.<ref name="tvguide1">{{cite web |url=http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |title=West Of Zanzibar Review |publisher=Movies.tvguide.com |date= |accessdate=2014-02-22 |archive-date=2014-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225141326/http://movies.tvguide.com/west-of-zanzibar/review/122605 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |title=BFI Screenonline: West of Zanzibar (1954) |publisher=Screenonline.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-02-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223115717/http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/1403334/index.html |archivedate=2014-02-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu]] 05dasfzggf4i0m3yp1eqhvnsslwrd8g 0 181883 1612135 1578792 2026-10-31T06:01:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Teo IMO 8919104, Meadway Shipping & Trading.jpg|thumb|Uchumi wa buluu]] '''Uchumi wa buluu''' ni matumizi sahihi ya [[Rasilmali|rasilimali]] zipatikanazo majini ili kukuza [[uchumi]] na uboreshaji wa [[maisha]] huku mfumo wa ikolojia ya bahari ukihifadhiwa.<ref>https://www.un.org/regularprocess/sites/www.un.org.regularprocess/files/rok_part_2.pdf</ref> Rasilimali hizo zinajumuisha zote zipatikanazo katika [[maji]] safi na bahari, pamoja na ukanda wa [[pwani]], [[maziwa]], [[mito]] na maji chini ya ardhi.<ref>https://www.eac.int/environment/aquatic-ecosystems/blue-economy ilitazamwa 2024-16-05.</ref> Sekta kuu za uchumi wa bluu ni sekta za jadi ambazo ni uvuvi, ufugaji wa samaki, utalii, usafiri na bandari pamoja na sekta zinazoibuka kama vile nishati mbadala na uchimbaji wa madini wa bahari kuu<ref>https://www.uneca.org/blue-economy#:~:text=The%20main%20sectors%20of%20the,energy%20and%20deep%20sea%20mining.ilitazamwa {{Wayback|url=https://www.uneca.org/blue-economy#:~:text=The%20main%20sectors%20of%20the,energy%20and%20deep%20sea%20mining.ilitazamwa |date=20240516135151 }} mnamo 2014-16-05</ref>. ==Historia== Wazo la uchumi wa bluu lilibuniwa katika mkutano wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] wa ''Rio+20'' juu ya maendeleo endelevu, uliofanyika ''Rio de Janeiro'' mnamo Juni 2012. Wakati wa mchakato wa maandalizi ya ''Rio+20'', nchi zilizo na ukanda wa pwani zilikuwa na wasiwasi kuhusu mwelekeo wa uchumi wa kijani kibichi na matumizi yake kwao, hivyo Taarifa thabiti ziliwasilishwa na kuunga mkono dhana ya "uchumi wa bluu" ili kushughulikia hali za mataifa haya .<ref>https://www.col.org/news/the-blue-economy-origin-and-concept/</ref> Dhana ya uchumi imewasilishwa baadaye katika vikao vingi na inatazamwa kama mfano mbadala wa kiuchumi kwa maendeleo endelevu.<ref>https://www.col.org/news/the-blue-economy-origin-and-concept/</ref> ==Ufafanuzi== kulingana na [[Benki ya Dunia]] uchumi wa bluu ni matumizi enedelevu ya rasilimali za bahari kwa ili kukuza [[uchumi]], maisha bora, na ajiira huku tukihifadhi afya ya mfumo wa ikolojia ya bahari.<ref>https://www.un.org/regularprocess/sites/www.un.org.regularprocess/files/rok_part_2.pdf ilitazamwa mnamo 2024-16-05</ref> Tume ya [[ulaya]] inaifafanua kama "" shughuli zote za kiuchumi zinazousiana na [[bahari]]na [[pwani]]"".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/79299d10-8a35-11e8-ac6a-01aa75ed71a1 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-16 |archive-date=2024-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516135145/https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/79299d10-8a35-11e8-ac6a-01aa75ed71a1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] inachukulia uchumi wa bluu kama ""dhana iliyoibuka ambayo inahimiza usimamizi bora wa rasilimali zutu za bahari"", uchumi wa bluu unaenda zaidi ya matazamio kuwa bahari ni moya ya vyanzo vya ukuzaji wa [[uchumi]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181019231234/http://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy ilitazamwa mnamo 2024-16-05</ref> ''Conservation Internation'' inaongeza kuwa "uchumi wa bluu pia unajumuisha faida za kiuchumi ambazo haziwezi kuuzwa, kama vile hifadhi ya kaboni, ulinzi wa pwani, maadili ya kitamaduni na bioanuwai."<ref>https://www.conservation.org/blog/what-on-earth-is-the-blue-economy/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwl9zdBRDgARIsAL5Nyn3xGXHsApcgFjjO6CvN0Zg602NYYuJw2LPvqa_nDpKKxPtNDJWQxLYaAvSLEALw_wcB</ref> Mwakilishi wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] hivi karibuni alifafanua Uchumi wa Bluu kama uchumi "unaojumuisha sekta mbalimbali za kiuchumi na sera zinazohusiana, ambazo kwa pamoja huamua kama matumizi ya rasilimali za bahari ni endelevu. Changamoto muhimu ya uchumi wa bluu ni kuelewa na kusimamia vyema masuala ya uendelevu wa bahari, kuanzia uvuvi endelevu hadi afya ya mfumo ikolojia hadi kuzuia uchafuzi wa mazingira Pili, uchumi wa bluu unatupa changamoto kutambua kwamba usimamizi endelevu wa rasilimali za bahari utahitaji ushirikiano katika mipaka na sekta mbalimbali kupitia ubia mbalimbali, na kwa kiwango ambacho halijafanikiwa hapo awali. Umoja wa Mataifa unabainisha kuwa Uchumi wa Bluu utasaidia katika kufikia Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu ya Umoja wa Mataifa, ambapo lengo moja, 14, ni "maisha chini ya maji". ==Uwezo== Kando na shughuli za jadi za baharini kama vile uvuvi, utalii na usafiri wa baharini, uchumi wa bluu unajumuisha viwanda vinavyoibukia ikiwa ni pamoja na nishati mbadala, ufugaji wa samaki, shughuli za uchimbaji wa baharini na bioteknolojia ya baharini na uchunguzi wa viumbe. hai<ref>https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/26843/115545.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> Uchumi wa bluu pia unaambatanisha huduma za mfumo ikolojia wa bahari ambazo hazipo sokoni lakini hutoa mchango mkubwa kwa shughuli za kiuchumi na za kibinadamu. Zinajumuisha uondoaji wa kaboni, ulinzi wa pwani, utupaji wa taka, na uwepo wa bioanuwai.<ref>https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/26843/115545.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Uchumi]] [[Jamii:Bahari]] 068t0q0iiw7oxbk10q8u1tbc09h5u0x 0 184921 1612165 1346055 2026-10-31T09:27:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Virtus, The British Sixth Form College''' ni [[shule]] ya kimataifa iliyoko [[Madrid]], [[Uhispania]]. Taasisi hii inazingatia elimu ya A-Level kwa wanafunzi wenye umri wa miaka 15 hadi 18 na inawaandaa kwa ajili ya kujiunga na vyuo vikuu.<ref name="La Mirada">{{cite journal|date=1 July 2023|title=La Mirada Norte Nº33 Marzo 2023|url=https://www.lamiradanorte.com/la-mirada-norte-no33-marzo-2023-2|journal=La Mirada Norte|language=es|pages=10–12|access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref><ref name="Éxito Educativo">{{cite web|last1=Educativo|first1=Éxito|title=Virtus, el británico que ofrece mentoring personalizado a sus estudiantes y 'Co-Curriculars' Clubs|url=https://exitoeducativo.net/la-excelencia-en-virtus/|website=Éxito Educativo|access-date=26 August 2023|language=es|date=13 February 2023}}</ref><ref name="DiarioAbierto">{{cite web|title=Virtus explica el sábado, vía Internet, su modelo educativo|url=https://www.diarioabierto.es/647010/virtus-explica-online-modelo-educativo|website=DiarioAbierto|access-date=26 August 2023|language=es|date=9 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222182142/https://www.diarioabierto.es/647010/virtus-explica-online-modelo-educativo|archivedate=2024-02-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-elimu}} [[Jamii:shule za Hispania]] [[Jamii:AWC GWEI]] [[Jamii:madrid]] 8im2pv1d9ds5g61jn5k576fx34tq8fa 0 187008 1612100 1604480 2026-10-30T20:47:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612100 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Quinn Sanders''' (alizaliwa [[1989]]) ni kocha wa [[futiboli ya Marekani]]. Yeye ni kocha mkuu wa futiboli wa Chuo Kikuu cha [[Charleston]], nafasi ambayo ameshikilia tangu mwaka [[2022]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Quinn Sanders - Football Coach |url=https://ucgoldeneagles.com/sports/football/roster/coaches/quinn-sanders/932 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=University of Charleston Athletics |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Flatley |first=Jake |date=2022-03-01 |title=University of Charleston names Quinn Sanders as head football coach |url=https://wvmetronews.com/2022/03/01/university-of-charleston-names-quinn-sanders-as-head-football-coach/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=WV MetroNews |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=rick.farlow@hdmediallc.com |first=Rick Farlow |date=2022-08-26 |title=MEC football: UC has new life with new coach Sanders |url=https://www.herald-dispatch.com/sports/mec-football-uc-has-new-life-with-new-coach-sanders/article_87cc832c-6f01-51cc-8ac9-8c7faef8ab46.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=The Herald-Dispatch |language=en |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726135836/https://www.herald-dispatch.com/sports/mec-football-uc-has-new-life-with-new-coach-sanders/article_87cc832c-6f01-51cc-8ac9-8c7faef8ab46.html |archivedate=2023-07-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=rick.farlow@hdmediallc.com |first=Rick Farlow |date=2022-08-13 |title=MEC football: Quinn Sanders era underway at University of Charleston |url=https://www.wvgazettemail.com/sports/mec_sports/mec-football-quinn-sanders-era-underway-at-university-of-charleston/article_5a418777-efd9-58d1-afc0-5223754248c8.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Charleston Gazette-Mail |language=en}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=STOWERS |first=SHANNON |date=2022-03-01 |title=Sanders chosen as next Golden Eagles head football coach |url=https://wchstv.com/sports/top-sports/sanders-chosen-as-next-golden-eagles-head-football-coach |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=WCHS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-03-01 |title=University of Charleston names Quinn Sanders as head football coach |url=https://ourcommunitynow.com/lifestyle/university-of-charleston-names-quinn-sanders-as-head-football-coach |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Our Community Now |language=en}}</ref> Aliwahi kufundisha timu ya ''Midwestern State Mustangs''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Quinn Sanders - Football Coach |url=https://msumustangs.com/sports/football/roster/coaches/quinn-sanders/287 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=MSU Athletics |language=en}}</ref> Aliichezea timu ya chuo cha Charleston kama mpokeaji mpana na mlinzi wa nyuma.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Quinn Sanders - Football |url=https://ucgoldeneagles.com/sports/football/roster/quinn-sanders/855 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=University of Charleston Athletics |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] ppy6ren8afsx4ra6rhaopdmxxyc3md2 0 195301 1612126 1609799 2026-10-31T03:16:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chuo kikuu | jina = Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya Bukavu | native_name = Institut supérieur de commerce de Bukavu | jina_la_picha = Institut superieur de commerce de Bukavu.png | ukubwa_wa_picha = 150px | kimeanzishwa = 1993 | aina = Taasisi ya umma | mji = [[Bukavu]] | mkoa = [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | tovuti = {{URL|https://iscbukavu.ac.cd}} }} '''Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya Bukavu''' (kwa Kifaransa: ''Institut supérieur de commerce de Bukavu'', kwa kifupi '''ISC Bukavu''') ni taasisi ya umma ya elimu ya juu. Iko katika manispaa ya Ibanda, mjini [[Bukavu]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Taasisi hii inafundisha masomo ya biashara na utawala. == Historia == Taasisi ilianzishwa tarehe 23 Septemba 1993 kwa amri ya waziri.<ref name="hist" /> Hata hivyo, ilianza kufanya kazi mwaka 2008 tu.<ref name="hist" /> Mwaka huo, waziri aliteua kamati yake ya uongozi.<ref name="hist" /> == Mahali == Taasisi iko Ibanda, manispaa ya katikati ya mji wa Bukavu.<ref name="apropos" /> Mji huu uko kando ya [[Ziwa Kivu]]. == Masomo == Taasisi ina idara ya sayansi ya usimamizi wa biashara na utawala.<ref name="apropos" /> Idara hii ina fani tisa za shahada ya kwanza na ya uzamili:<ref name="apropos" /> * usafirishaji na lojistiki; * kodi, forodha na ushuru; * benki, mikopo midogo na bima; * kompyuta katika usimamizi; * ujasiriamali na usimamizi wa biashara ndogo na za kati; * uhasibu na fedha; * usimamizi wa rasilimali watu; * ukatibu wa ofisi; * masoko. == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="hist">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Historique de l'ISC Bukavu |url=https://iscbukavu.ac.cd/bienvenu-a-lisc-bukavu/ |website=iscbukavu.ac.cd |language=fr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109064848/https://iscbukavu.ac.cd/bienvenu-a-lisc-bukavu/ |archivedate=2025-11-09 |accessdate=2026-10-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="apropos">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Institut Supérieur de Commerce de Bukavu |url=https://iscbukavu.ac.cd/apropos |website=iscbukavu.ac.cd |language=fr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629170844/https://iscbukavu.ac.cd/apropos |archivedate=2025-06-29 |accessdate=2026-10-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} == Viungo vya nje == * {{Official website|https://iscbukavu.ac.cd}} {{Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Mbegu-elimu}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Bukavu]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini]] 17lmh0dlzpgzp24jd7n4sqcv2m7eodb 0 200354 1612119 1609808 2026-10-31T01:22:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chuo kikuu | jina = Shule ya Juu ya Sayansi ya Kompyuta na Biashara | native_name = École supérieure des métiers d'informatique et de commerce (ESMICOM) | kimeanzishwa = 2001 | aina = Taasisi binafsi | mji = [[Kinshasa]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | tovuti = {{URL|https://esmicom.online}} }} '''Shule ya Juu ya Sayansi ya Kompyuta na Biashara''' (kwa Kifaransa: ''École supérieure des métiers d'informatique et de commerce'', kwa kifupi '''ESMICOM''') ni taasisi binafsi ya elimu ya juu. Iko katika mji wa [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. == Historia == Shule ilianzishwa mwaka 2001 na Joseph Maboti N'Siala.<ref name="hist" /> Lengo lake ni kuandaa wataalamu wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano.<ref name="hist" /> Serikali iliitambua kwa amri ya waziri ya tarehe 1 Novemba 2005.<ref name="hist" /> == Masomo == Shule ina idara mbili:<ref name="form" /> * '''Kompyuta''': mitandao na hifadhidata, akili bandia, matengenezo ya mitandao, mawasiliano ya simu; * '''Biashara na fedha''': masoko ya kidijitali, usimamizi wa fedha, kodi na uhasibu. Mafunzo pia yanaandaa wanafunzi kwa vyeti vya kimataifa vya kompyuta.<ref name="form" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="hist">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Historique de l'ESMICOM |url=https://esmicom.online/page1.html |website=ESMICOM |language=fr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250517082710/https://esmicom.online/page1.html |archivedate=2025-05-17 |accessdate=2026-10-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="form">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Formations au sein de l'ESMICOM |url=https://esmicom.online/page2.html |website=ESMICOM |language=fr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250519103317/https://esmicom.online/page2.html |archivedate=2025-05-19 |accessdate=2026-10-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> }} {{Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Mbegu-elimu}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Kinshasa]] 17fxhjy3jegpk530zn4wsrn8f3pwfgt 0 204850 1612160 1408406 2026-10-31T08:33:32Z Niegodzisie 35822 1612160 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Roskilde Festival Chelsea Wolfe 7 (crop).jpg|thumb|Chelsea Wolfe (2018)]] '''Chelsea Joy Wolfe''' (alizaliwa [[14 Novemba]], [[1983]])<ref name="birth index">{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/chelsea_joy_wolfe_born_1983_16141110|work=The California Birth Index|title=Chelsea Joy Wolfe was born on November 14, 1983, in Placer County, California|access-date=April 11, 2016}}</ref> Ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kazi yake inachanganya vipengele vya gothic rock, doom metal, na muziki wa folk.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2015/04/chelsea-wolfe-announces-new-album-abyss-premieres-iron-moon-listen/|title=Chelsea Wolfe announces new album, Abyss, premieres "Iron Moon" – listen |work=Consequence of Sound|date=April 28, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="COS">{{cite web|last=Manning|first=Erin|title=Album Review: Chelsea Wolfe – Abyss|url=https://consequence.net/2015/07/album-review-chelsea-wolfe-abyss/|publisher=[[Consequence of Sound]]|access-date=August 22, 2015 |date=August 7, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/chelsea-wolfe-mn0000581132|title=Chelsea Wolfe – Music Biography, Streaming Radio and Discography|author=Phares, Heather|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] k4d9exkqj5zits6bg8287fymwyc8w0c 4 208508 1612063 1611980 2026-10-30T12:27:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1612063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 581 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 701 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34944 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20724 || ↓ -12.9% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 119.1 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -26.6% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 701 || ↑ +178.2% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 567 || ↓ -17.7% |- | 4 || [[Marekani]] || 563 || ↓ -18.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +95.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 416 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 358 || ↓ -12.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 341 || ↓ -14.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 327 || ↓ -13.5% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 322 || ↑ +5.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 38.9% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 163 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} gjyd36r5m7b6uo1j81gtrxjhhta0s6v 1612064 1612063 2026-10-30T12:34:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1612064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-30) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-30)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 416 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 581 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 341 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 291 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 358 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 169 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 180 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 322 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 701 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 104 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 212 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 233 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 200 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 284 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 147 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 259 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 186 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 185 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34947 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20756 || ↓ -12.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 119.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -26.6% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 701 || ↑ +178.2% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 581 || ↓ -15.7% |- | 4 || [[Marekani]] || 577 || ↓ -16.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +95.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 416 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 358 || ↓ -12.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 341 || ↓ -14.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 327 || ↓ -13.5% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 322 || ↑ +5.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 487 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 164 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} ozehztac74qfh0823uuyysqk207qtrs 1612131 1612064 2026-10-31T04:49:38Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1612131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-31) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-31)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 556 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 575 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 338 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 613 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34947 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20756 || ↓ -12.8% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 119.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -26.6% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 701 || ↑ +178.2% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 581 || ↓ -15.7% |- | 4 || [[Marekani]] || 577 || ↓ -16.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +95.0% |- | 6 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 416 || ↓ -10.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 358 || ↓ -12.9% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 341 || ↓ -14.1% |- | 9 || [[Uingereza]] || 327 || ↓ -13.5% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 322 || ↑ +5.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 487 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 164 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 5dolbfo1dvazubb0j5v8g8q4qlpe6wl 1612133 1612131 2026-10-31T05:00:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1612133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-31) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-31)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 401 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 556 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 575 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 298 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 338 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 613 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34947 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20230 || ↓ -16.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 613 || ↑ +78.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 575 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 556 || ↓ -19.3% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -16.1% |- | 6 || [[Komori]] || 368 || ↑ +32.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 350 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 338 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 337 || ↓ -17.2% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 298 || ↓ -6.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 487 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 164 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} oeppvohp9zhszei8ggi29m6826frg2b 1612203 1612133 2026-10-31T11:57:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1612203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-31) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-31)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 403 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 556 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2438 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 575 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 246 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 287 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 350 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 338 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 613 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 258 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 231 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 192 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 144 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 250 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Udeni]] | 4.00 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 228 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 175 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 236 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 101 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 12 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34947 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 20230 || ↓ -16.1% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.8 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 116.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2438 || ↓ -25.8% |- | 2 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 613 || ↑ +78.2% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 575 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 4 || [[Kenya]] || 556 || ↓ -19.3% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 401 || ↓ -16.1% |- | 6 || [[Komori]] || 368 || ↑ +32.9% |- | 7 || [[Burundi]] || 350 || ↓ -16.3% |- | 8 || [[Uingereza]] || 338 || ↓ -11.3% |- | 9 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 337 || ↓ -17.2% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 298 || ↓ -6.9% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 487 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 361 || 28.9% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 164 || 13.1% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 9gb45976lm2zyse517l8nbcb0pngdu5 0 211278 1612105 1524574 2026-10-30T22:20:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roland Courteau''' ([[24 Februari]] [[1943]] – [[4 Agosti]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Senati|Seneti]] ya [[Ufaransa]], akiiwakilisha wilaya ya [[Aude]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Socialisti. Katika Seneti, alihudumu kama mwanakamati kwenye masuala ya Uchumi, na alikuwa mwanachama wa kamati ya [[Haki za wanawake|Haki za Wanawake]] na usawa wa fursa kati ya wanaume na wanawake. Kabla ya kujiunga na Seneti mwaka [[1980]], alifanya kazi kama mwalimu, na pia alihudumu kama mshauri na Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Baraza kuu la Wilaya ya Aude.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.senat.fr/senfic/courteau_roland80013x.html|title=Anciens sénateurs Vème République : COURTEAU Roland|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525153831/http://www.senat.fr/senfic/courteau_roland80013x.html|archivedate=2010-05-25|accessdate=2025-08-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="courteaudeath">[https://www.ladepeche.fr/2025/08/04/personnalite-majeure-de-la-politique-dans-laude-roland-courteau-est-decede-a-lage-de-82-ans-12859811.php Personnalité majeure de la politique dans l’Aude, Roland Courteau est décédé à l’âge de 82 ans] {{in lang|fr}}</ref> == Kifo == Alifariki dunia akiwa na umri wa miaka 82 tarehe 4 Agosti 2025. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ufaransa]] dolv3pr4sxjsfp79idjtl8bk6ag6hdq 0 215315 1612098 1460789 2026-10-30T20:09:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612098 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Ngayewang''' ([[1923]] - [[1960]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kamerun|Cameroon]] ambaye alichaguliwa kuwa Seneti ya Ufaransa mwaka 1958. ==Marejeo== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20251007023024/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/ngayewang_pierre0299r4.html Ukurasa wa Pierre Ngayewang kwenye tovuti ya Seneti ya Ufaransa] {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1923]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1960]] [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kamerun]] [[jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] 0ypg0ea41iri8kz2601au8ta4fkjfsy 0 218825 1612202 1476332 2026-10-31T11:26:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Bwalya Miko''' (alizaliwa [[1961]]) ni [[mchoraji]] wa [[sanaa]] ya kufikirika na mhadhiri wa sanaa kutoka [[Zambia]].<ref name="Mulenga2017">{{cite book |last=Mulenga |first=Andrew |editor=Maria Anna Kreienbaum |editor2=Ronja Pillmann |title=Sambia – 72 Volksgruppen bilden einen Staat: Einblicke in eine postkoloniale Gesellschaft |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5ChpDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |year=2017 |publisher=Verlag Barbara Budrich |isbn=978-3-86388-306-5 |pages=70–1 |chapter=Germinating in the cracks: the identity of contemporary Zambian art}}</ref> Yeye ni Mkuu wa Idara ya Sanaa katika Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Zambia.<ref>Andrew Mulenga, {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190619121630/https://www.themastonline.com/2019/06/18/mulling-over-art/ Mulling Over Art]}}, ''The Mast'', 18 June 2019. Accessed 19 January 2020.</ref><ref>[https://art.state.gov/personnel/william_miko/ Art in Embassies: William Miko] {{Wayback|url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/william_miko/ |date=20251114135833 }}, [[US Department of State]]. Accessed 19 January 2020.</ref> ==Maisha== Akiwa mwanafunzi katika Chuo cha Evelyn Hone mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980, Miko alisaidia kuanzisha Baraza la Taifa la Sanaa za Uoni la Zambia, akihudumu katika kamati ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya mpito ya uongozi.<ref>Moses Walita, [http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/lusaka-trio-tells-tales/ Lusaka trio tells tales], ''[[Zambia Daily Mail]]'', 12 October 2018. Accessed 19 January 2020.</ref> Mwaka 1999 alipata shahada ya uzamili katika Sanaa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Middlesex]]. Yeye ni mhadhiri mwandamizi wa Sanaa za Kuona katika Shule ya Vyombo vya Habari, Sanaa za Maigizo katika Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Zambia (ZAOU), ambacho kilianza kufundisha kozi ya shahada ya Sanaa mwaka 2010. Katika mahafali ya kwanza ya wahitimu wa sanaa wa ZAOU mwaka 2014, Miko alijigeuza kuwa turubai la binadamu, akivaa suti nyeupe huku wanafunzi wakimpaka na kumwagia rangi juu yake katika onesho lililopewa jina ''Kurekebisha Dosari ya Kitaifa''.<ref>Chanda Mwenya, [http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/students-turn-art-lecturer-canvas/ Students turn art lecturer into canvas], ''[[Zambia Daily Mail]]'', 12 September 2014. Accessed 19 January 2020.</ref><ref>Chanda Mwenya, [http://www.daily-mail.co.zm/turning-into-human-canvas/ Turning into human canvas], 15 September 2017. Accessed 19 January 2020.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Zambia]] 5464to4c5uzedqa0xi0rgtysao5mxii 0 218999 1612132 1527276 2026-10-31T04:57:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tolga Sala''' (alizaliwa [[18 Julai]] [[1989]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uturuki]] anayejulikana kwa kuigiza kama "Hamza Alp" katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] ''Diriliş Ertuğrul''.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tolga Sala kimdir aslen nereli kaç yaşında?|url=https://www.elmaelma.com/tolga-sala-kimdir|access-date=2021-02-26|website=elmaelma.com|language=tr-TR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260107000935/https://www.elmaelma.com/tolga-sala-kimdir|archivedate=2026-01-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] cv1jc01nyfr5yik4mx913yyva1xwfzv 0 219471 1612076 1478276 2026-10-30T15:40:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nana Kofi Asihene''' (alizaliwa [[13 Juni]] [[1980]]; kitaaluma alijulikana kama Nana Asihene) ni mwongozaji wa video za muziki kutoka [[Ghana]], mshauri wa ubunifu, [[mtayarishaji wa filamu]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/17474/meet-ghanas-premium-video-director-nana-kofi-asih.html| title=Meet Ghana's Premium Video Director-Nana Kofi Asihene | date=8 March 2012 |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://ghanafuo.com/2019/04/nana-asihene-writes-defend-ghanaian-video-directors-shatta-wales-attack.html| title=Nana Asihene writes to defend Ghanaian video directors after Shatta Wale's attack| date=5 April 2019| access-date=2 August 2021| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802184743/https://ghanafuo.com/2019/04/nana-asihene-writes-defend-ghanaian-video-directors-shatta-wales-attack.html| archivedate=2021-08-02| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://museafrica.com/2020/06/13/top-14-music-cinematics-from-director-nana-asihene-watch/| title=Top 14 Music Cinematics from Director Nana ASIHENE – Watch | date=13 June 2020|access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://unitedshowbiz.net/top-5-video-directors-in-ghana/| title=Top 5 Video Directors in Ghana.| date=31 May 2021| access-date=2 August 2021| archive-date=1 September 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901234136/https://unitedshowbiz.net/top-5-video-directors-in-ghana/| url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://yfmghana.com/nana-asihene-to-shoot-video-for-winner-of-yfm4syte-tv-new-lords/| title=Nana Asihene to Shoot Video for Winner of YFM/4Syte TV New Lords| date=1 November 2016|access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> Alifanya kazi na aina kadhaa za muziki na wasanii wakiwemo [[Sarkodie]], [[Stonebwoy]], [[Kwabena Kwabena]], [[R2Bees]], [[Mr Eazi]], [[Ayigbe Edem]], [[Ice Prince]], [[Pappy Kojo]], na wengine wengi.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sparkmag.live/nana-kofi-asihene-directed-ghanas-most-watched-video-on-youtube-and-influenced-music-video-culture-here-are-more-of-his-works/| title=Nana Kofi Asihene directed Ghana's most watched video on YouTube and influenced music video culture. Here are more of his works | date=12 April 2018 |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://museafrica.com/2018/03/27/i-want-to-give-up-ghana-sucks-says-creative-entrepreneur-nana-kofi-asihene/| title='I want to give up, Ghana Sucks' says Creative Entrepreneur Nana Kofi Asihene | date=26 March 2018 |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://ameyawdebrah.com/nana-asihene-gets-the-stick-for-edems-over-again-bideo/| title=Nana Asihene gets the stick for Edem's 'Over Again' video | date=22 March 2012 |access-date=2 August 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Waongozaji Filamu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji filamu wa Ghana]] [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Ghana]] 8077uw2fvx47bw10vfgavlpgr3pkud6 0 220409 1612168 1540763 2026-10-31T09:44:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Viyé Diba''' (alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni [[msanii]] wa media mchanganyiko, usakinishaji, na uigizaji wa [[Senegal]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Grabski|first=J.|date=2015-01-01|title=Viye Diba's Tout Se Sait: The Affective Experience of Urban Life|url=https://read.dukeupress.edu/nka/article/2015/36/94-107/2055|journal=Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art|language=en|volume=2015|issue=36|pages=94–107|doi=10.1215/10757163-2914361|s2cid=145098850 |issn=1075-7163|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=U.S. Department of State, Art in Embassies|title=Viye Diba|url=https://art.state.gov/personnel/viye_diba/|access-date=2021-10-03|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923045307/https://art.state.gov/personnel/viye_diba/|archivedate=2021-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona|title=Viyé Diba|url=https://www.cccb.org/en/participants/file/viye-diba/221003|access-date=2021-10-03|website=CCCB|language=en}}</ref> Alijulikana kwa kutumia nyenzo zilizopatikana, za ndani, mbichi na zilizosindikwa katika kazi yake, akionyesha kupendezwa kwake na mandhari ya mazingira.<ref name="brooklynredescape" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Harney|first=Elizabeth|date=2000|title=Review of Viyé Diba: Profound Beauty|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3337779|journal=African Arts|volume=33|issue=2|pages=80–81|doi=10.2307/3337779|jstor=3337779 |issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref name="nationalmuseumviyediba" /> Kazi ya Diba imejumuishwa katika maonyesho kadhaa ya kimataifa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Dak'Art, Johannesburg Biennale, na Biennale d'Abidjan, na ilionyeshwa katika maonyesho ya peke yake katika Jumba la sanaa la Kitaifa huko [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]]. <ref name=":1" /> Kazi yake inaweza kuonekana katika Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya [[North Carolina]], Makumbusho ya [[Brooklyn]], na Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Sanaa ya Kiafrika huko [[Washington, D.C.]] <ref name="brooklynredescape">{{cite web |title=Red Escape II |url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/198842 |website=Brooklyn Museum |accessdate=October 4, 2018 |archive-date=2024-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210022931/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/198842 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="nationalmuseumviyediba">{{cite web |title=Viye Diba |url=https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/D/15/displayDate-asc;jsessionid=354DC147C3FB2BA0F8618DA2E9FB0674?t:state:flow=2c21403a-327f-4535-96d6-fe0e696151cb |website=National Museum of African Art |accessdate=October 4, 2018 |archive-date=October 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004104150/https://africa.si.edu/collections/view/people/asitem/D/15/displayDate-asc;jsessionid=354DC147C3FB2BA0F8618DA2E9FB0674?t:state:flow=2c21403a-327f-4535-96d6-fe0e696151cb |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2021-03-11|title=Escape I|url=https://ncartmuseum.org/object/escape-i/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=North Carolina Museum of Art|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:wasanii wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 6w2fv5o715howm8hvcktwob8rh8474b 0 222949 1612124 1526060 2026-10-31T02:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophia Obiajulu Ogwude''' ni Profesa wa [[Nigeria]] wa Kiingereza na Fasihi Linganishi katika Kitivo cha Sanaa, Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja, Gwagwalada. Sophia alihudumu kama Dekani wa Kitivo cha Sanaa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Abuja. Pia, alihudumu kama Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Masomo ya Jumla katika Chuo Kikuu cha Teknolojia cha Shirikisho, Owerri (FUTO). Aidha, Sophia alikuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Masomo ya Usalama wa Jinsia na Maendeleo ya Vijana katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Abuja]]. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=National Universities Commission |date=2021 |title=Directory of Full Professors in the Nigerian University System |url=https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |website=Ministry of Education |page=166 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519012439/https://education.gov.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2021-Directory-of-Full-Professors-in-the-Nigerian-University-System-FINAL.pdf |archivedate=2026-05-19 |accessdate=2026-02-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Referee in Okeibunor CV |url=https://staff.biu.edu.ng/img/cv/CV_Okeibunor.pdf |website=Benson Idahosa University |accessdate=2026-02-10 |archive-date=2024-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806194334/https://staff.biu.edu.ng/img/cv/CV_Okeibunor.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:watu wa Nigeria]] 2g9mxwjj89cmtf7su7rz49by11yqip1 0 234626 1612091 1542293 2026-10-30T18:56:10Z Henri Aja 69846 -> fixed DOB; per reference(s) 1612091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rineke Antoinette Hassim''' (alizaliwa 29 Aprili 1947), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la jukwaani '''Rina Hasyim''' (pia '''Hassim'''), ni mwigizaji na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Indonesia]] ambaye ameshinda tuzo za Citra Award for Best Leading Actress na Citra Award for Best Supporting Actress. == Wasifu == Rina Hasyim alizaliwa kama Rineke Antoinette Hassim tarehe 29 Aprili 1947 huko Ujung Pandang, eneo la [[Makassar]], South Sulawesi.{{sfn|filmindonesia.or.id, Rina Hasyim}}<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=1981 |title=Rina Hassim sebagai ibu rumah tangga, aktris, dan pengusaha |work=Sinar Harapan }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=4ohmAAAAMAAJ|title=Almanak Media Massa|year=1987|publisher=Hikmah Daya Sakti|page=[https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Almanak_media_massa/4ohmAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Rina+Hassim 259]|language=id}}</ref> Alilelewa kwa nidhamu kali na mama yake, jambo lililomfanya aanze kuasi na kuvutiwa na muziki. Akiwa kijana, alikuwa mwanachama wa bendi za Dara Kusumah na Diskonit, ambapo alicheza gitaa la besi.{{sfn|TIM, Rina Hasyim}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] mq4ar8ql8aahzxedmcdnk0p9alwdxjh 0 236959 1612103 1547086 2026-10-30T21:41:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Kamwi''' (amezaliwa 3 Juni 1950 huko Ioma, Mkoa wa Zambezi) ni daktari wa tiba na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Namibia]]. Yeye ni mwanachama wa chama cha SWAPO na amekuwa Mbunge wa Bunge la Taifa la Namibia tangu 1999. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Afya na Huduma za Jamii kuanzia Machi 2005 hadi 2015.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc|url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062|work=www.nbcnews.na|accessdate=2026-05-20}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tfn7s5wceygl18qif1j6gpz2cvgjbv2 0 237097 1612102 1547317 2026-10-30T21:10:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612102 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raushan Azad''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh na alikuwa mbunge wa [[Bangladesh]] kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Azad alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1979.<ref name="1979results">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |title=List of 2nd Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=20 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |archivedate=2018-09-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1940||Azad, Raushan}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Bangladesh]] f2yoxsfe8sp7cvgnvjm6mccvt0m4ma3 0 237260 1612111 1547607 2026-10-31T00:35:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612111 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahina Khan''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Khan alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1979.<ref name="1979results">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |title=List of 2nd Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=20 March 2021 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904090815/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/2nd.pdf |archivedate=2018-09-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1945||Khan, Shahina}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Bangladesh]] 84rjek0gaw1tc5uvgno5lazc12oz7tx 0 239680 1612089 1555352 2026-10-30T18:42:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Oumar Ba''' (1906 – 1964) alikuwa daktari na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Niger]]. Alihudumu katika Seneti ya Ufaransa kuanzia mwaka 1948 hadi 1952.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=BA Oumar|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/ba_oumar0471r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-28|accessdate=2026-05-28|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241219120622/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/ba_oumar0471r4.html|archivedate=2024-12-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Bandiagara. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Niger]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1906]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1964]] cwnuhq2xdrmvuicliyv81uy0n8y5lsy 0 239690 1612065 1555313 2026-10-30T12:50:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mohamadou Djibrilla Maïga''' (8 Julai 1908 – 23 Novemba 1975) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa kikomunisti kutoka [[Niger]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MAIGA Mohama Djibrilla|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/maiga_mohama_djibrilla0307r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-28|accessdate=2026-05-28|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926033221/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/maiga_mohama_djibrilla0307r4.html|archivedate=2024-09-26|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa Colman, Niger na baadaye akachaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Seneti ya Ufaransa mwaka 1947. Alifariki Paris, Ufaransa mwaka 1975. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Niger]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1975]] g1o53iw5cyanfd5jdmecyi6c3lu1t79 0 239869 1612083 1558552 2026-10-30T17:13:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nouhoun Sigué''' (1 Juni 1911 – 1 Oktoba 2004) alikuwa daktari wa mifugo na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Burkina Faso]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=SIGUE Nouhoun|url=https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/sigue_nouhoun0263r4.html|work=Sénat|date=2026-05-29|accessdate=2026-05-29|language=fr-FR|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529055803/https://www.senat.fr/senateur-4eme-republique/sigue_nouhoun0263r4.html|archivedate=2026-05-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alizaliwa katika Ouahigouya na alihudumu katika French Senate kuanzia mwaka 1948 hadi 1952. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Burkina Faso]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1911]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] b2zn5f5phdcuysh62k1in50z4icqcgp 0 242799 1612068 1581762 2026-10-30T13:29:12Z Said Mfaume 68307 1612068 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Kamerun |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kamerun]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo: | style="padding: 3px;" | Makossa, bikutsi, afropop, hip-hop na injili |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Balafon, ngoma, gitaa, besi na ala za shaba |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Kitovu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Douala]] na [[Yaoundé]] |} '''Muziki wa Kamerun''' unajumuisha mila na mitindo mbalimbali inayoeleza historia na utamaduni wa jamii zake. Kamerun ina nafasi ya pekee barani Afrika ikiwa chimbuko la mitindo maarufu kama makossa na bikutsi, na imechangia kwa kiasi kikubwa katika maendeleo ya muziki wa Afrika.<ref name="Minac">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.minac-gouv.com/arts-spectacles/musique|title=Musique|work=Ministère des Arts et de la Culture du Cameroun|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=fr}}</ref> == Makossa == Makossa ni mtindo wa muziki maarufu ulioanzia mjini Douala mnamo miaka ya 1950 na 1960. Mtindo huu unachanganya midundo ya asili ya Sawa, highlife ya Ghana na muziki wa soul, ukijulikana zaidi kwa sauti zenye nguvu za gitaa la besi na ala za shaba.<ref name="Minac" /> Manu Dibango aliuingiza mtindo wa makossa kwenye anga za kimataifa kupitia wimbo wake maarufu “Soul Makossa” wa mwaka 1972.<ref name="Minac" /> Baadaye, wasanii kama Petit-Pays, Ben Decca na Ndedi Eyango waliendeleza na kuuboresha mtindo huo.<ref name="Minac" /> == Bikutsi == Bikutsi ni mtindo wenye mdundo wa haraka na dansi inayotoka kwa jamii ya Beti iliyo katikati mwa Kamerun. Bikutsi ilitafsiriwa kuwa muziki wa kisasa mnamo miaka ya 1980 na kundi la Les Têtes Brûlées kwa kutumia magitaa ya umeme yenye kasi kubwa.<ref name="Minac" /> Hadi leo, Bikutsi inasalia kuwa miongoni mwa mitindo pendwa zaidi nchini humo, ikiwakilishwa kimataifa na wasanii kama Lady Ponce, K-Tino na Coco Argentée.<ref name="Minac" /> == Afropop, hip-hop na injili == Afropop ya Kamerun inachanganya miondoko ya nyumbani na mitindo ya kisasa ya kimataifa kupitia wasanii kama Locko, Daphne, Blanche Bailly na Salatiel.<ref name="Minac" /> Hip-hop ya nchi hiyo ilipata kasi kubwa kuanzia miaka ya 2010, ikiongozwa na Jovi (aliyagundua mtindo wa "Mboko rap") na Stanley Enow, ambaye wimbo wake "Hein Père" wa mwaka 2013 ulikuwa wa kwanza kutoka Kamerun kufikisha watazamaji milioni moja kwenye mtandao wa YouTube.<ref name="Minac" /> Muziki wa injili pia una nguvu kubwa mijini Yaoundé na Douala kupitia wasanii kama Charlotte Dipanda na Princesse Morane.<ref name="Minac" /> == Urithi wa UNESCO == Mnamo mwaka 2025, Shirika la UNESCO liliorodhesha ''Mvet Oyeng''—sanaa ya muziki, desturi na ujuzi wa jadi wa jamii ya Ekang—kwenye Orodha ya Urithi wa Utamaduni Usiogusika wa Binadamu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/state/cameroon-CM|title=Cameroon – UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage|work=UNESCO|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Kamerun]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika ya Kati]] 6r9jp1wul9zwu4w3wbjxzw1jzx2ue4a 0 245456 1612144 1588998 2026-10-31T06:46:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulemavu nchini Tanzania''' unahusu hali ya kijamii, kiuchumi na kisheria ya watu wenye ulemavu nchini Tanzania. Tanzania imepiga hatua katika kutambua haki za watu wenye ulemavu kupitia sheria na kwa kuridhia Mkataba wa Haki za watu wenye ulemavu mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=A new era of inclusion for individuals with disabilities in Tanzania is underway. |url=https://tanzania.unfpa.org/en/news/new-era-inclusion-individuals-disabilities-tanzania-underway |access-date=15 August 2026 |work=UNFPA Tanzania |agency=[[United Nations Population Fund]]}}</ref> Hata hivyo, wakazi wa Tanzania bado wanakabiliana na changamoto katika maeneo kama vile ushiriki katika maisha ya umma, upatikanaji wa elimu, ajira, usafiri na ulinzi wa kijamii<ref>{{cite web |title=Ending stigma and discrimination in training institutions and workplaces in Tanzania |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/ending-stigma-and-discrimination-training-institutions-and-workplaces-tanzania |website=www.unesco.org |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |access-date=15 August 2026 |date=16 August 2023}}</ref>. Ripoti za Benki ya Dunia na Umoja wa Mataifa zimeonyesha pengo kati ya mfumo wa kisheria na sera za Tanzania na utelekezaji wake kwa vitendo, pamoja na kuendelea kwa ubaguzi kutengwa na unyanyapaa wa kijamii.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Disability Inclusion in Tanzania: Experiences and Recommendations from People with Disabilities |date=3 January 2025 |doi=10.1596/42608 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/0ff7bf78-6817-42bf-b1a0-6bef9f35f3fd |access-date=15 August 2026 |publisher=[[World Bank Group]]|journal=[[Open Knowledge Repository|World Bank Open Knowledge Repository]]}}</ref> Changamoto hizi zinawaathiri zaidi watoto na wanawake wenye ulemavu, pamoja na watu wenye ualbino na ulemavu wa kuona. ==Hali za Maisha== Upatikanaji mdogo wa huduma za afya na huduma maalum unaweza kusababisha ucheleweshaji wa utambulisho na utambuzi wa ulemavu. Utafiti wa kimaelezo wa mwaka 2026 kuhusu watoto wenye ulemavu Tanzania Bara ulibaini kuwa uratibu dhaifu kati ya huduma za afya na taasisi uratibu dhaifu kati ya huduma za afya na taasisi nyingine, upatikanaji mdogo wa madaktari bingwa, vikwazo vya kifedha, na mifumo duni ya rufaa vilizuia utambuzi wa mapema na hatua za awali. Wahudumu wa afya ya jamii pia mara nyingi walikosa mafunzo na rasilimali za kutosha za kutambua ulemavu katika hatua za mwanzo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bechange |first1=Stevens |last2=Schmidt |first2=Elena |last3=Gooding |first3=Kate |last4=Njogopa |first4=Oliver |last5=Hansrod |first5=Humaira |last6=Wahome |first6=Priscilla |last7=Maleko |first7=Edwin |last8=Matofali |first8=Ignatus Jacob |last9=Medardi |first9=Deogardius |last10=Elisaria |first10=Ester |last11=Durrani |first11=Zara |title=Early identification and referral of children with disabilities in Mainland Tanzania: A qualitative study using the system level analysis approach |journal=SSM - Health Systems |date=June 2026 |volume=6 |article-number=100201 |doi=10.1016/j.ssmhs.2026.100201 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949856226000358 |access-date=15 August 2026}}</ref> == Shutuma za Uchawi, Pepo na Ushetani== Kama ilivyo katika sehemu nyingine za Afrika, imani zinazohusisha ulemavu na uchawi, laana, na sababu nyingine za kiroho zimeandikwa nchini Tanzania. Utafiti wa kimaelezo kuhusu familia za watu wenye ulemavu wa akili jijini Dar es Salaam uligundua kuwa baadhi ya washiriki waliona ulemavu kama "ishara mbaya' kwa familia na kuuhusisha na sababu za kiroho au za kusadikika. Baadhi ya familia zilimtafuta mganga wa jadi kwa jaribio la kupata tiba, huku wengine wakiripoti kwamba wazazi wa watoto wenye ulemavu wangeweza kushutumiwa kwa uchawi au kwa kusababisha makusudi ulemavu wa mtoto wao ili kupata mali. Washiriki pia walirioti hofu kwamba watu wenye ulemavu wa akili wangeweza kulengwa na watu wanaofanya uchawi, jambo linalochangia kutengwa kijamii na vizuizi vya harakati zao. Utafiti huo ulirekodi via ambavyo unyanyapaa na ubaguzi dhidi ya watu wenye matatizo ya akili ulihusishwa na kutelekezwa kwa familia na aina nyingine za kutengwa kijamii.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aldersey |first1=Heather M. |title=Family perceptions of intellectual disability: Understanding and support in Dar es Salaam |journal=African Journal of Disability |date=4 October 2012 |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=32 |doi=10.4102/ajod.v1i1.32 |pmid=28729979 |pmc=5442573 }}</ref> [[File:Exterior of Nyerere's boarding room, Mwisenge Primary School, Musoma Municipal Council, Mara Region.jpg|thumb|Njia maalumu ya viti vya walemavu katika shule ya msingi huko Musoma.]] ==Walemavu na mahitaji maalumu== Sheria ya watu wenye ulemavu ya mwaka 2010 iliweka viwango vya kisheria vya upatikanaji katika maeneo ya umma kote Tanzania. Sheria hiyo inataka kwamba ujenzi mpya na ukarabati mkubwa ujumuishe katika muundo usio na vizuizi, huku ikikataza waziwazi kunyimwa huduma za umma au upatikanaji wa kimwili kwa watu wenye ulemavu, jambo ambalo kihistoria lilienea sana na limekita mizizi katika jamii ya Kitanzania.<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[United States Department of State|US Department of State]] |title=Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2016 - Tanzania |url=https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/1395774.html |website=www.state.gov |access-date=15 August 2026 |date=3 March 2017}}</ref> Licha ya mfumo huu wa kisheria, wanaharakati wa asasi za kiraia wanaonyesha pengo linaloendelea kati ya sera na utekelezaji. Miundombinu katika miji mikuu, likiwemo jiji la biashara la Dar es Salaam, Bado haifikiki kwa kiwango kikubwa, ikijulikana kwa mifumo ya usafiri wa umma (kama daladala na bodaboda) isiyo na vipengele vya sifa za kukabiliana na mazingira, Barabara za watembea kwa miguu zisizo sawa, na ngazi za juu katika majengo ya umma. Isipokuwa maarufu ni mfumo wa Dar es Salaam Bus Rapid Transit (DART), ambao ulihusisha vipengele vya upatikanaji kama njia za walemavu, majukwaa ya kupanda yenye usawa, na viti vilivytengwa tofauti na mtandao mpana wa usafiri wa nchi.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sospeter |first1=Revocatus |last2=Banele |first2=Shima Dawson |title=Passengers with disabilities encountered challenges in the bus rapid transit (BRT) system: A case study of Dar es Salaam Rapid Transit (DART), Tanzania |journal=African Journal of Empirical Research |date=20 October 2025 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=446–454 |doi=10.51867/ajernet.6.4.39 |url=https://ajernet.net/ojs/index.php/ajernet/article/view/1223}}</ref>. Zaidi ya hayo, vikundi vya utetezi wa watu wenye ulemavu vinaonyeshs kwamba sera za ulemavu mara nyingi hutegemea mtazamo wa misaada au ustawi badala ya mtindo jumuishi unaotegemea haki, na kusababisha ujumuishaji wa juu juu katika upangaji wa mji na mifumo dhaifu ya utekelezaji.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ndosi |first1=Carol |title=Why diversity and inclusion of PWDs and Vulnerable Groups must move from Tanzania's policy pages into project design rooms.|url=https://carolndosi.medium.com/why-diversity-and-inclusion-of-pwds-and-vulnerable-groups-must-move-from-tanzanias-policy-pages-87941109f5ec |access-date=15 August 2026 |work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]] |date=21 July 2026 |language=en}}</ref> ==Ulemavu wa macho== [[Ulemavu wa kuona]] na [[upofu]] ni changamoto kubwa za afya ya umma nchini Tanzania.Sababu kuu za kupoteza uwezo wa kuona ni [[mtoto wa jicho]] na makosa ya refractive yasiyorekebishwa, pamoja na glaucoma, retinopathia ya kisukari, na magonjwa ya kuambukiza ya macho. Takwimu kutoka Shirika la kimataifa la kuzuia Upofu (IAPB) zinaonyesha kuwa zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya visa vya kupoteza uwezo wa kuona nchini vinaweza kuzuilika au kutibika.<ref>{{cite web |title=Country Data - Tanzania |url=https://visionatlas.iapb.org/country-data/tanzania/ |website=IAPB Vision Atlas |access-date=15 August 2026}}</ref> Licha ya hayo, upatikanaji wa huduma huduma za macho ni mdogo na umekusanyika zaidi mjini. Wizara ya Afya na ustawi wa jamii imeweka kipaumbele katika kupanua huduma za msingi za macho,mafunzo ya wataalamu, vifaa na teknolojia,<ref>{{cite web |author1=[[Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (Tanzania)|Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Tanzania]] |title=National Eye Care Program Manual for Health Providers at the Dispensary/Health Centres Levels |url=https://policyvault.africa/policy/national-eye-care-program-manual-for-health-providers-at-the-dispensary-health-centres-levels/ |website=PolicyVault.Africa |access-date=15 August 2026 |date=2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260816054354/https://policyvault.africa/policy/national-eye-care-program-manual-for-health-providers-at-the-dispensary-health-centres-levels/ |archivedate=2026-08-16 |url-status=dead}}</ref> na changamoto zinazowakumba watoto wenye [[ulemavu wa kuona]] kama vile vikwazo katika elimu, miundombinu ya shule isiyofikika, na ukosefu wa vifaa maalum vya kujifunza.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kakoko |first1=Deodatus C. |last2=Akyoo |first2=Winfrida O. |last3=Sabas |first3=Deodatus |last4=Mnyanyi |first4=Cosmas B. |title=Vision problems and education access challenges among school-aged children in Tanzania: a review of available evidence |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s44217-026-01212-7 |journal=Discover Education |doi=10.1007/s44217-026-01212-7 |date=9 March 2026 |volume=5 |article-number=309 }}</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:ulemavu]] [[Jamii:Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania]] 1vtbzq05vczgbfxc5dk7539w709aj3b 0 246677 1612114 1590728 2026-10-31T00:50:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sharon Taylor''' (alizaliwa [[5 Juni]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. ==Wasifu== Sharon Taylor alizaliwa na kukulia [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada. Alipata shahada ya Bachelor of Fine Arts katika sanaa za maigizo kutoka Simon Fraser University.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Media From the Heart by Ruth Hill {{!}} Interview With Actress Sharon Taylor, "Ghost Wars"|url=https://mydevotionalthoughts.net/2017/10/interview-with-actress-sharon-taylor-ghost-wars.html|access-date=2020-10-23|website=mydevotionalthoughts.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027091830/https://mydevotionalthoughts.net/2017/10/interview-with-actress-sharon-taylor-ghost-wars.html|archivedate=2020-10-27|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7awudhfxw79p230fslobf850vg9qs42 0 250122 1612125 1597849 2026-10-31T02:43:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Joseph Brault''' (amezaliwa [[29 Aprili]], [[1992]]) ni mtangazaji wa MLB wa [[Marekani]] wa Pittsburgh Pirates na aliyekuwa mchezaji wa besiboli wa kulipwa katika nafasi ya mpigaji wa [[mipira]] na mchezaji wa uwanja wa nje. Alicheza katika Major League Baseball akiwa na Pittsburgh Pirates na Chicago Cubs.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uncut Interview: Pirates Joe Musgrove & Steven Brault |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ujpW5Xr_ZLY |access-date=January 2, 2023 |work=CBS Pittsburgh on YouTube |date=March 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://reddit.com/r/baseball/comments/2ypj5v/well_lets_try_this_my_name_is_steven_brault_im_a/|title=Well, let's try this. My name is Steven Brault, I'm a Minor Leaguer for the Pittsburgh Pirates. AMA. : baseball|date=March 11, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424090621/https://www.reddit.com/r/baseball/comments/2ypj5v/well_lets_try_this_my_name_is_steven_brault_im_a/|archivedate=2025-04-24|accessdate=2026-09-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] q7fsr4jc4sl8ypvwpqm8nq12gxduk4a 0 250746 1612194 1611735 2026-10-31T10:01:51Z HAVA VYBZ 93561 Kuongeza jina jipya la Sanaa HAVA VYBZ 1612194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hawa Tamimu Ally''' (anajulikana zaidi mtandaoni kama '''Salma Vybz na sasa kama HAVA VYBZ'''; amezaliwa 7 Oktoba 2003) ni mjasiriamali, mtaalamu wa tiba ya ngozi (aesthetician), na mtayarishaji wa maudhui ya kidijitali kutoka nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anafahamika sana kwa ubunifu wake katika tasnia ya sanaa ya maudhui ya mtandaoni, hususan kwa kufanya maudhui ya kimahusiano na mtengeneza maudhui pamoja na uwekezaji wake mkubwa kwenye sekta ya urembo na afya ya ngozi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wasifu wa Salma Vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/wasifu-wa-salma-vybz.html|work=Wasifu wa Salma Vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> [[Faili:Salma Vybz.jpg|alt=Salma Vybz|thumb|Salma Vybz]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="undefined" |'''Hawa Tamimu Ally''' ! colspan="undefined" | |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Jina la Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Hawa Tamimu Ally |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Majina Mengine''' | colspan="undefined" |Salma Vybz,HAVA VYBZ |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Tarehe ya Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |7 Oktoba 2003 |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Mahali pa Kuzaliwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Tanzania 🇹🇿 |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Elimu''' | colspan="undefined" |Stashahada ya Tiba na Afya ya Ngozi |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Kazi''' | colspan="undefined" |Mjasiriamali, mtaalamu wa tiba ya ngozi & mtayarishaji wa maudhui |- | colspan="undefined" |'''Anafahamika kwa''' | colspan="undefined" |Maudhui ya kidijitali na ujasiriamali wa urembo |} ---- == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Salma Vybz alizaliwa na kulelewa nchini [[Tanzania]]. Alionyesha nia ya mapema katika masuala ya urembo na afya, jambo lililomfanya kujiunga na masomo ya juu ya afya ambapo alihitimu na kutuzwa Stashahada (Diploma) ya Masuala ya Tiba na Afya ya Ngozi (Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine). Elimu hii imekuwa nguzo kuu katika biashara zake na maudhui anayozalisha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tazama elimu ya Salma vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/tazama-elimu-ya-salma-vybz.html|work=Tazama elimu ya Salma vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> == Sanaa na Umaarufu == Salma Vybz alipata umaarufu mkubwa kupitia mitandao ya kijamii kama vile [[TikTok]] na [[Instagram]], ambapo mtindo wake wa kipekee wa uwasilishaji ulimvutia melfu ya wafuasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sanaa na Umaarufu wa Salma Vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/sanaa-na-umaarufu-wa-salma-vybz.html|work=Sanaa na Umaarufu wa Salma Vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> === Ubunifu wa Maudhui === Sanaa yake mtandaoni inajikita zaidi katika maudhui ya mtindo wa maisha (lifestyle), urembo, na sanaa ya ucheshi ya mahusiano. Amekuwa akitengeneza maudhui ya pamoja yanayovuma sana na mwenza wake, Kim Traveller, ambapo wawili hao wamejizolea umaarufu mkubwa chini ya alama ya reli #salmaandkim. Uwezo wake wa kuchanganya sanaa ya burudani na elimu ya urembo umemfanya kuwa mmoja wa brand influencers vijana wenye ushawishi mkubwa nchini Tanzania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Sanaa na Umaarufu wa Salma Vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/sanaa-na-umaarufu-wa-salma-vybz.html|work=Sanaa na Umaarufu wa Salma Vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> == Biashara na Ujasiriamali == Baada ya kukamilisha masomo yake ya Stashahada ya Tiba na Afya ya Ngozi, Salma aliamua kutumia taaluma yake kivitendo badala ya kutegemea ajira pekee.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Biashara na Ujasiriamali wa Salma Vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/biashara-na-ujasiriamali-wa-salma-vybz.html|work=Biashara na Ujasiriamali wa Salma Vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> Alifungua duka kubwa la vipodozi (Cosmetics Store) linalofanya kazi kwa weledi wa kitiba. Duka hili linajikita katika kuuza bidhaa mbalimbali zilizothibitishwa kisayansi kushughulikia matatizo ya ngozi, kutoa tiba, na kudumisha afya ya ngozi. Kupitia duka hili, amefanikiwa kuunganisha umaarufu wake wa kidijitali na utaalamu wake wa kitaaluma, na hivyo kuwa mtoa huduma anayeaminika katika tasnia ya urembo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Biashara na Ujasiriamali wa Salma Vybz|url=https://raymastory.blogspot.com/2026/09/biashara-na-ujasiriamali-wa-salma-vybz.html|work=Biashara na Ujasiriamali wa Salma Vybz|accessdate=2026-09-23}}</ref> == Angalia Pia == * [[TikTok]] * [[Ujasiriamali]] == Marejeo == a3ezd5gp31hlrdsnokrpedy29buofl7 0 252078 1612159 1602986 2026-10-31T08:23:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vienna Rose Dare''' (alizaliwa [[9 Januari]], [[1989]]), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii '''V. Rose''', ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]] wa Christian electronic dance music. Hapo awali alikuwa amesaini mkataba na Clear Sight Music<ref name=cbi>{{cite web|url=http://www.californiabirthindex.org/birth/vienna_rose_dare_born_1989_19095783|title=Vienna Rose Dare, Born on January 9, 1989 in California|publisher=California Birth Index|access-date=May 30, 2014}}</ref><ref name=fb>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/vrosemusic/info|title=Vrose – About|author=Vrose|date=October 10, 2010|publisher=[[Facebook]]|access-date=May 30, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/VRose_The_singer_songwriter_combining_pop_hiphop_EDM_and_worship/58361/p1/ |title=V.Rose: The singer songwriter combining pop, hip-hop, EDM and worship |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2016-05-28 |website=Cross Rhythms |publisher= |access-date=2024-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503200025/https://www.crossrhythms.co.uk/articles/music/VRose_The_singer_songwriter_combining_pop_hiphop_EDM_and_worship/58361/p1/ |archivedate=2024-05-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] ijgxvxdeyr60mbos9ubd9svzwmwo45j 0 254845 1612112 1608750 2026-10-31T00:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Shammi Kapoor''' (21 Oktoba 1931 – 14 Agosti 2011), jina lake halisi ni '''Shamsher Raj Kapoor''', alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwongozaji wa filamu]] wa [[India]] aliyefanya kazi katika tasnia ya filamu za [[Hindi|Kihindi]] ([[Bollywood]]). Alianza kazi yake mwaka 1953 na baadaye akawa mmoja wa waigizaji wakuu maarufu wa Bollywood katika miaka ya 1960.<ref name="IndianExpress">{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/about/shammi-kapoor/|title=Shammi Kapoor: News, Movies, Photos, Videos & Updates|publisher=The Indian Express|access-date=2026-10-16}}</ref> Anajulikana kwa filamu kama ''[[Junglee]]'' (1961), ''[[Professor]]'' (1962), ''[[China Town]]'' (1962), ''[[Kashmir Ki Kali]]'' (1964), ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' (1966), ''[[An Evening in Paris]]'' (1967), ''[[Brahmachari]]'' (1968) na ''[[Prince]]'' (1969).<ref name="SBS">{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/whats-on/article/vale-shammi-kapoor/lhar47ctk|title=Vale Shammi Kapoor|publisher=SBS|date=2011-08-18|access-date=2026-10-16}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Shammi Kapoor alizaliwa tarehe 21 Oktoba 1931 katika mji wa Bombay (sasa [[Mumbai]]), [[India]]. Jina lake halisi ni Shamsher Raj Kapoor. Baba yake alikuwa mwigizaji wa ukumbi wa michezo na filamu za kimya, [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], na mama yake alikuwa Ramsarni Mehra.<ref name="SBS" /> == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika filamu ya ''[[Jeevan Jyoti]]'' ya mwaka 1953. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa filamu yake ya kwanza kama mwigizaji mkuu.<ref name="IndiaToday">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/remembering-shammi-kapoor-on-his-2nd-death-anniversary-370409-2013-08-14|title=Happy Birthday, Shammi Kapoor|publisher=India Today|date=2013-08-14|access-date=2026-10-16}}</ref> Alipata umaarufu mkubwa katika miaka ya 1950 kwa kucheza katika filamu kama ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha]]'' (1957), ''[[Dil Deke Dekho]]'' (1959) na ''[[Ujala]]'' (1959).<ref name="TimeNote">{{cite web|url=https://timenote.info/en/Shammi-Kapoor|title=Shammi Kapoor|publisher=TimeNote|date=2025-07-11|access-date=2026-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250908020515/https://timenote.info/en/Shammi-Kapoor|archivedate=2025-09-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1960, alipata umaarufu zaidi kwa kucheza katika filamu kama ''[[Junglee]]'' (1961), ''[[Professor]]'' (1962), ''[[China Town]]'' (1962), ''[[Kashmir Ki Kali]]'' (1964), ''[[Janwar]]'' (1965), ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' (1966), ''[[An Evening in Paris]]'' (1967), ''[[Brahmachari]]'' (1968) na ''[[Prince]]'' (1969).<ref name="SBS" /> Filamu ya ''[[Junglee]]'' ya mwaka 1961 ilimfanya Shammi Kapoor kuwa nyota mkubwa wa Bollywood. Katika filamu hiyo, alicheza kama Shekhar, mwigizaji wa dansi. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa filamu yake ya kwanza ya rangi na ilikuwa na wimbo maarufu wa "Yahoo!".<ref name="SBS" /> == Filmografia zilizochaguliwa == === Filamu === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Jina la Filamu ! Nafasi ! Maelezo |- | 1953 | ''[[Jeevan Jyoti]]'' | | Filamu yake ya kwanza |- | 1954 | ''[[Shama Parwana]]'' | | |- | 1955 | ''[[Tangewali]]'' | | |- | 1957 | ''[[Tumsa Nahin Dekha]]'' | | |- | 1958 | ''[[Dil Deke Dekho]]'' | | |- | 1959 | ''[[Ujala]]'' | | |- | 1961 | ''[[Junglee]]'' | Shekhar | Filamu inayomfanya kuwa nyota mkubwa wa Bollywood |- | 1962 | ''[[Professor]]'' | | |- | 1962 | ''[[China Town]]'' | | |- | 1963 | ''[[Bluff Master]]'' | | |- | 1964 | ''[[Kashmir Ki Kali]]'' | | |- | 1964 | ''[[Rajkumar]]'' | | |- | 1965 | ''[[Janwar]]'' | | |- | 1966 | ''[[Teesri Manzil]]'' | | |- | 1967 | ''[[An Evening in Paris]]'' | | |- | 1967 | ''[[Jawan Mohabbat]]'' | | |- | 1968 | ''[[Brahmachari]]'' | | Alishinda Tuzo ya Filmfare ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kiume |- | 1969 | ''[[Prince]]'' | | |- | 1971 | ''[[Andaz (filamu ya 1971)|Andaz]]'' | | |- | 1971 | ''[[Sachaai]]'' | | |- | 1974 | ''[[Pagla Kahin Ka]]'' | | |- | 1982 | ''[[Vidhaata]]'' | | Alishinda Tuzo ya Filmfare ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Usaidizi |- | 1984 | ''[[Hero]]'' | | |- | 1986 | ''[[Karma]]'' | | |- | 1988 | ''[[Gharwali Baharwali]]'' | | |} == Tuzo na heshima == {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Tuzo ! Kategoria ! Filamu ! Matokeo |- | 1969 | Filmfare Awards | Mwigizaji Bora wa Kiume | ''Brahmachari'' | Alishinda |- | 1983 | Filmfare Awards | Mwigizaji Bora wa Usaidizi | ''Vidhaata'' | Alishinda |- | 1995 | Filmfare Awards | Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Maisha | | Alishinda |- | 2002 | IIFA Awards | Mchango wa Thamani kwa Sinema ya India | | Alishinda |- | 2009 | Dadasaheb Phalke Academy Awards | Tuzo ya Mwigizaji wa Hadithi | | Alishinda |} == Maisha binafsi == Shammi Kapoor aliolewa na Geeta Bali mwaka 1955. Walikuwa na watoto wawili, Aditya Raj Kapoor na Kanchan Kapoor. Geeta Bali alifariki mwaka 1965. Baadaye, aliolewa na Neela Devi mwaka 1969.<ref name="SBS" /> == Kifo == Shammi Kapoor alifariki tarehe 14 Agosti 2011 katika mji wa Mumbai, India, akiwa na umri wa miaka 79, kutokana na matatizo ya figo.<ref name="SBS" /> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{BD|1931|2011}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uhindi]] {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} d45oachtrnliux4ncw2mdf6636gr838 0 255275 1612138 1609661 2026-10-31T06:12:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ottavio “Ugo” Tognazzi''' ([[23 Machi]] [[1922]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi na [[mwandishi]] wa miswada ya [[filamu]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu zaidi katika tasnia ya filamu za [[vichekesho]] za Italia, pamoja na [[Vittorio Gassman]], [[Nino Manfredi]], [[Marcello Mastroianni]] na [[Alberto Sordi]]. == Maisha ya awali == Tognazzi alizaliwa mjini [[Cremona]], [[kaskazini]] mwa Italia, lakini alitumia kipindi cha ujana wake katika maeneo mbalimbali kwa sababu baba yake alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kampuni ya bima aliyesafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine kikazi. Baada ya kurejea katika mji wake wa asili mwaka [[1936]], Tognazzi alifanya kazi katika [[kiwanda]] cha kuzalisha nyama iliyohifadhiwa kwa njia ya kutibiwa, ambako alipanda cheo hadi kuwa mhasibu. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], aliandikishwa jeshini. Alirejea nyumbani baada ya kusitishwa kwa mapigano kati ya Italia na majeshi ya Washirika tarehe [[8 Septemba]] [[1943]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0865575/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lifeandpeople.it/2022/03/23/100-anni-attore-ugo-tognazzi-commedia-italiana-storia-biografia/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260412132123/https://lifeandpeople.it/2022/03/23/100-anni-attore-ugo-tognazzi-commedia-italiana-storia-biografia/ |archivedate=2026-04-12 |accessdate=2026-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] a2eiqbd4ejr2m6bovpi8alyj1o9dw6h 1612167 1612138 2026-10-31T09:38:00Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ottavio “Ugo” Tognazzi''' ([[23 Machi]] [[1922]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[1990]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi na [[mwandishi]] wa miswada ya [[filamu]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu zaidi katika tasnia ya filamu za [[vichekesho]] za Italia, pamoja na [[Vittorio Gassman]], [[Nino Manfredi]], [[Marcello Mastroianni]] na [[Alberto Sordi]]. == Maisha ya awali == Tognazzi alizaliwa mjini [[Cremona]], [[kaskazini]] mwa Italia, lakini alitumia kipindi cha ujana wake katika maeneo mbalimbali kwa sababu baba yake alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kampuni ya bima aliyesafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine kikazi. Baada ya kurejea katika mji wake wa asili mwaka [[1936]], Tognazzi alifanya kazi katika [[kiwanda]] cha kuzalisha nyama iliyohifadhiwa kwa njia ya kutibiwa, ambako alipanda cheo hadi kuwa mhasibu. Wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], aliandikishwa jeshini. Alirejea nyumbani baada ya kusitishwa kwa mapigano kati ya Italia na majeshi ya Washirika tarehe [[8 Septemba]] [[1943]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0865575/</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://lifeandpeople.it/2022/03/23/100-anni-attore-ugo-tognazzi-commedia-italiana-storia-biografia/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260412132123/https://lifeandpeople.it/2022/03/23/100-anni-attore-ugo-tognazzi-commedia-italiana-storia-biografia/ |archivedate=2026-04-12 |accessdate=2026-10-19 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Italia]] h2g9g49k4lnbc7ns326y42956s07orn 0 255337 1612109 1609734 2026-10-30T23:35:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Mbingazo''', ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], aliyezaliwa Kinshasa. Anacheza nchini Marekani katika nafasi ya 'power forward' akiwakilisha shule ya City High School iliyoko Iowa City, Iowa<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-001">{{en}} ; ''THOMAS KSOBIECH : [https://www.thegazette.com/sports/high-school/basketball/samuel-mbingazo-finds-home-at-iowa-city-high/article_ac79939c-37f3-5001-8d45-2c0aaa6aca13.html, Samuel Mbingazo finds home at Iowa City High : "A native of Congo, 6-9 freshman on the radar for college program"] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} sur www.thegazette.com, 05 Janvier 2023, modifié le 15 Avril 2026, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali jijini Kinshasa === Samuel Mbingazo alikulia jijini [[Kinshasa]], mji mkuu wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-002">{{en}} ; ''Thomas Ksobiech (Journaliste) et Bobby Bacon : [https://www.thelittlehawk.com/60333/sports/sam-mbingazo-from-the-congo-to-city/, Sam Mbingazo: From the Congo to City], sur www.thelittlehawk.com, 21 décembre 2022, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>.Akiwa mtoto, mwanzoni hakucheza mpira wa kikapu, kwani wazazi wake waliipa elimu yake kipaumbele. Alisema: "Wazazi wangu hawakutaka nicheze mpira wa kikapu. Nilipokwenda kwenye mazoezi, walisema, Hapana, acha; nenda shuleni badala yake"<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-001" />. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka tisa, mjomba wake alimtia moyo kucheza mpira wa kikapu kwa sababu alikuwa mrefu. Kisha akaanza kufanya mazoezi kila siku pamoja na jirani yake, kabla na baada ya shule<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-003">{{en}} ; ''Luca Evans : [https://www.latimes.com/sports/highschool/story/2023-06-18/prep-basketball-samuel-mbingazo-international-revolution-bishop-alemany, Samuel Mbingazo is the face of an international hoops revolution at Bishop Alemany] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, sur www.latimes.com, 18 Juin 2023, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-004">{{en}} ; ''Luca Evans : [https://www.aol.com/news/samuel-mbingazo-face-international-hoops-020913261.html, Samuel Mbingazo is the face of an international hoops revolution at Bishop Alemany] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, sur www.aol.com, 19 Juillet 2023, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>. === Kuwasili Marekani === Miaka michache baadaye, mjomba wake alihamia Marekani na kumshawishi Samuel aende naye, akimweleza kwamba "nchini Marekani, unaweza kusoma na kucheza mpira wa kikapu, na milango itafunguka kwa ajili ya fursa kama vile NBA. Huko Kongo, fursa hizo si nzuri."<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-001" />. Hapo awali aliishi [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], pamoja na mwalimu wake, ambapo alijitolea karibu kikamilifu kwa mchezo wa mpira wa kikapu; alihudhuria shule mara mbili au tatu tu kwa wiki na hakujifunza Kiingereza. Baada ya kujadiliana kuhusu suala hilo na mjomba wake, alihamia Iowa City ili kujifunza Kiingereza vizuri zaidi na kupata elimu bora zaidi<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-002" />. === Maisha ya Shule ya Sekondari === Alipowasili katika Wilaya ya Shule ya Jamii ya Iowa City, alichagua kujiunga na Shule ya Sekondari ya City kwa sababu alikuwa tayari anawafahamu baadhi ya wachezaji waliokuwepo hapo, na mjomba wake aliona kuwa shule hiyo ni nzuri<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-005">{{en}} ''[https://www.espn.com/college-sports/basketball/recruiting/player/_/id/255108/sam-mbingazo, Sam Mbingazo], sur www.espn.com, 2025, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>. Katika mwaka wake wa kwanza (2022–2023), alijiunga na timu ya chuo, akiwa na urefu wa futi 6 na inchi 9 (mita 2.06). Tayari amepokea ofa kadhaa kutoka kwa programu za NCAA Division I, ambazo ameomba zibaki kuwa siri wakati akijitahidi kuboresha uwezo wake wa lugha ya Kiingereza<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-002" />. Mnamo Januari 8, 2023, alifunga kikapu cha ushindi dhidi ya West High, mpinzani wa jadi wa City High. Akiwa amekusanya jumla ya pointi 10 na mipira saba iliyorudi kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds), kufunga kwake mpira uliokuwa umedunda kutoka kwenye ubao—wakati zikiwa zimesalia sekunde 11—kulihakikisha ushindi wa 64–63 kwa City High; ushindi wao wa kwanza dhidi ya West High tangu mwaka 2020<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-006">{{en}} ; ''Ryan Murken : [https://www.yourprepsports.com/2023/01/08/late-bucket-by-mbingazo-lifts-city-high-past-west-high-in-cross-town-thriller/, Late Bucket By Mbingazo Lifts City High Past West High in Cross-town Thriller], sur www.yourprepsports.com, 08 janvier 2023, consulté le 20 octobre 2026</ref>. == Mtindo wa Uchezaji == Mchezaji mrefu na mwembamba mwenye uwezo mkubwa wa kujilinda na kudaka mipira inayodunda kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounding); anaelezwa na "The Little Hawk" kuwa na "uwezekano mkubwa sana wa kufikia kiwango cha juu na ana fursa kubwa ya kuendelea kukua"<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-001" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAM&WINEUR-002" />. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} === Viungo vya nje === * {{fr}} : [https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Johnathan-Izemef/Summary/216123, Fiche RealGM des joueurs congolais NCAA], kwenye tovuti RealGM [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Kinshasa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2008]] [[Jamii:mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wakongo wanaoishi Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha kutoka DRC waliohamia Marekani]] 6ees0sul3nuwybosoihvcxc9oin29qc 0 255339 1612127 1609858 2026-10-31T03:19:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox chuo kikuu | jina = Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya Goma | native_name = ''Institut supérieur de commerce de Goma'' (ISC-Goma) | jina_la_picha = ISC GOMA.jpg | ukubwa_wa_picha = 250px | maelezo_ya_picha = Makao makuu ya ISC-Goma, mtaa wa Les Volcans | kimeanzishwa = 10 Machi 1992 | aina = Taasisi ya umma ya elimu ya juu | students = 4,372 (2019–2020) | mji = [[Goma]] | mkoa = [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] | nchi = [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | tovuti = [https://www.iscgoma.ac.cd/home iscgoma.ac.cd] }} '''Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya Goma''' (kwa [[Kifaransa]]: ''Institut supérieur de commerce de Goma'', kwa kifupi ISC-Goma) ni taasisi ya umma ya [[elimu ya juu]]. Taasisi hii iko katika mji wa [[Goma]], [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini]], nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. ISC-Goma ilianzishwa mwaka 1992. Taasisi hii inafundisha [[biashara]], [[fedha]], [[uhasibu]], [[Kodi (ushuru)|kodi]] na [[Tarakilishi|kompyuta]]. Mafunzo yanatolewa kwa Kifaransa. == Historia == ISC-Goma ilianzishwa tarehe 10 Machi 1992. Iliundwa kwa amri ya waziri namba ESURS/CAB.MIN/059/92.<ref name="memoire" /> Mwanzoni, ISC-Goma ilikuwa tawi la Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya [[Kisangani]] (ISC-Kisangani).<ref name="memoire" /><ref name="whed" /> Uamuzi huu ulifuata sera ya kupeleka taasisi za elimu ya juu mikoani. Sera hii ilijadiliwa katika Mkutano wa Kitaifa (''Conférence nationale souveraine'', CNS).<ref name="memoire" /> Mwaka 1994, ISC-Goma ikawa taasisi huru.<ref name="whed" /> Uamuzi huo ulitolewa na Baraza la Utawala la Taasisi za Juu za Ufundi (CAIST).<ref name="memoire" /> Masomo ya mchana yalianza mwaka 1994. Masomo ya jioni yalianza mwaka 1999.<ref name="memoire" /> == Mahali na majengo == Makao makuu ya ISC-Goma yako katika mtaa wa Les Volcans, wilaya ya Goma. Yako kando ya barabara ya Sake.<ref name="memoire" /><ref name="iau" /> Taasisi hii inatumia majengo ya zamani ya bweni la shule.<ref name="memoire" /> Mwaka 2019, ISC-Goma ilizindua jengo jipya katika mtaa wa Mugunga. Mugunga iko karibu kilomita 10 magharibi mwa katikati ya mji wa Goma. Jengo hilo lilijengwa kwa fedha za taasisi yenyewe. Ujenzi ulichukua miaka miwili. Jengo lina kumbi sita za mihadhara. Kila ukumbi unaweza kupokea wanafunzi zaidi ya 300.<ref name="7sur7" /> Tarehe 18 Desemba 2023, Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu na Vyuo Vikuu, Muhindo Nzangi, alizindua jengo jipya la utawala huko Mugunga. Wakati huo, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa taasisi alikuwa Profesa Honorine Ntahobavuka.<ref name="potentiel" /> == Mafunzo == ISC-Goma inafundisha mameneja na mafundi katika biashara, uhasibu na kompyuta.<ref name="memoire" /> Mafunzo yanatolewa katika mzunguko wa kwanza (''graduat'') na mzunguko wa pili (''licence'').<ref name="whed" /> Taasisi ina sehemu tatu:<ref name="potentiel" /> * Sayansi ya Biashara na Fedha; * [[Forodha]] na Ushuru; * Kompyuta ya Usimamizi. Masomo yanajumuisha [[uhasibu]], [[fedha]], [[masoko]], kodi na [[Mtandao wa kompyuta|mitandao ya kompyuta]].<ref name="whed" /> Katika mwaka wa masomo 2019–2020, taasisi ilikuwa na wanafunzi 4,372. Ilikuwa pia na wafanyakazi 115 wa kudumu.<ref name="whed" /> Mwaka wa masomo huanza Oktoba na kumalizika Juni.<ref name="whed" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="memoire">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mumbere Kihimba |first=Trésor |title=Problématique de gestion des latrines dans les institutions supérieures et universitaires |url=https://www.memoireonline.com/01/13/6839/m_Problematique-de-gestion-des-latrines-dans-les-institutions-superieures-et-universitaires4.html |website=Memoire Online |year=2012 |access-date=2026-09-03 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="whed">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Institut supérieur de commerce de Goma (ISC-Goma) |url=https://whed.net/institutions/IAU-026997 |website=World Higher Education Database |publisher=International Association of Universities |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="iau">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Goma Business Higher School |url=https://www.iau-hesd.net/university/goma-business-higher-school |website=IAU HESD |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="7sur7">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Nord-Kivu : l'ISC-Goma dispose désormais de son propre bâtiment construit sur fonds propres |url=https://7sur7.cd/2019/08/19/nord-kivu-lisc-goma-dispose-desormais-de-son-propre-batiment-construit-sur-fonds-propres |website=7sur7.cd |date=2019-08-19 |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="potentiel">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Modernisation de l'Isc-Goma : Inauguration du nouveau bâtiment administratif par le Ministre Nzangi |url=https://lepotentiel.cd/2023/12/19/modernisation-de-lisc-goma-inauguration-du-nouveau-batiment-administratif-par-le-ministre-nzangi/ |website=Le Potentiel |date=2023-12-19 |access-date=2026-10-20 |language=fr}}</ref> }} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.iscgoma.ac.cd/home Tovuti rasmi ya ISC-Goma] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (kwa Kifaransa) {{Commons category|Institut supérieur de commerce de Goma}} {{Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} {{Authority control}} [[Jamii:Vyuo vikuu vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Goma]] kxnd0jauuyfw4hyboocyz79xbjmvsl6 0 255362 1612107 1609866 2026-10-30T23:01:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sai Khaing Myo Tun''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Elimu katika Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa ya Myanmar (NUG). Pia aliwahi kufanya kazi kama profesa katika Idara ya Mahusiano ya Kimataifa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Lugha za Kigeni cha Yangon. Aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Elimu katika Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa ya [[Myanmar]] na Kamati Inayowakilisha Bunge la Muungano (CRPH) tarehe 3 Mei 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://moe.nugmyanmar.org/en/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF-%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB/ |title="Union Minister". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117184619/https://moe.nugmyanmar.org/en/%e1%80%95%e1%80%bc%e1%80%8a%e1%80%ba%e1%80%91%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%85%e1%80%af-%e1%80%92%e1%80%af%e1%80%9d%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%80%e1%80%bc%e1%80%ae%e1%80%b8%e1%80%99%e1%80%bb/ |archivedate=2021-11-17 |accessdate=2026-10-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu == Mwaka 2000, alipata [[shahada]] ya kwanza ya heshima katika Mahusiano ya Kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Yangon. Mwaka 2002, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika fani hiyo hiyo kutoka chuo hicho. Mwaka 2008, alipata shahada nyingine ya uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nagoya nchini [[Japani]]. Baadaye, mwaka 2011, alitunukiwa shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika Maendeleo ya Kimataifa.<ref>[https://www.yufliclh.edu.mm/team/dr-sai-khaing-myo-tun/ "Dr. Sai Khaing Myo Tun – YUFL".]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 99ztxdvd4j6vj7tfdpzfkgdix481vsb 1612121 1612107 2026-10-31T01:48:51Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sai Khaing Myo Tun''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar anayehudumu kama Naibu Waziri wa Elimu katika Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa ya Myanmar (NUG). Pia aliwahi kufanya kazi kama profesa katika Idara ya Mahusiano ya Kimataifa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Lugha za Kigeni cha Yangon. Aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Elimu katika Serikali ya Umoja wa Kitaifa ya [[Myanmar]] na Kamati Inayowakilisha Bunge la Muungano (CRPH) tarehe 3 Mei 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://moe.nugmyanmar.org/en/%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%91%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF-%E1%80%92%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9D%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB/ |title="Union Minister". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117184619/https://moe.nugmyanmar.org/en/%e1%80%95%e1%80%bc%e1%80%8a%e1%80%ba%e1%80%91%e1%80%b1%e1%80%ac%e1%80%84%e1%80%ba%e1%80%85%e1%80%af-%e1%80%92%e1%80%af%e1%80%9d%e1%80%94%e1%80%ba%e1%80%80%e1%80%bc%e1%80%ae%e1%80%b8%e1%80%99%e1%80%bb/ |archivedate=2021-11-17 |accessdate=2026-10-21 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu == Mwaka 2000, alipata [[shahada]] ya kwanza ya heshima katika Mahusiano ya Kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Yangon. Mwaka 2002, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika fani hiyo hiyo kutoka chuo hicho. Mwaka 2008, alipata shahada nyingine ya uzamili katika Maendeleo ya Kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Nagoya nchini [[Japani]]. Baadaye, mwaka 2011, alitunukiwa shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika Maendeleo ya Kimataifa.<ref>[https://www.yufliclh.edu.mm/team/dr-sai-khaing-myo-tun/ "Dr. Sai Khaing Myo Tun – YUFL".]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 8qo4qhnnjyj6q2xngyh75ljsrq0gpm1 0 255525 1612134 1610176 2026-10-31T05:34:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tun Lin''' (Kiburma: ထွန်းလင်း; alizaliwa 6 Agosti 1948) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Myanmar anayehudumu kama mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo Bunge la Namba 3 katika Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c557733f609e7c1f8b4584 "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese).</ref><ref>[http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8 "Amyotha Hluttaw"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.amyotha.hluttaw.mm/members/%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8 |date=20200320181025 }} (in Burmese).</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Tun Lin alizaliwa tarehe 6 Agosti 1948 katika mji wa Tanintharyi, nchini Burma, ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Myanmar. Alipata shahada ya Sayansi katika Hisabati (BSc), shahada ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika Kemia (MSc) na [[shahada]] ya Elimu (BEd). == Kazi ya kisiasa == Tun Lin alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Juu la Myanmar, akiwakilisha Jimbo Bunge la Namba 3 katika Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Alishinda [[uchaguzi]] huo kwa tofauti ya kura 34,266. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] mzpl8fxp67k5m2bl7tmpmg1uuonbnqq 0 256050 1612075 1611180 2026-10-30T15:33:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naing Thiha''' (Kiburma: နိုင်သီဟ; alizaliwa tarehe 23 Septemba 1966) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa jamii ya Mon anayehudumu kama mjumbe wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (''Amyotha Hluttaw''), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 7 la Jimbo la Mon. Ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Mon (''Mon National Party'').<ref>[http://ww.moi.gov.mm/moi:eng/?q=news/7/12/2016/id-9319/ "MP profile".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Amyotha Hluttaw reforms several committees. Retrieved 12 March 2018.</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Naing Thiha alizaliwa katika Mji wa Ye, Jimbo la Mon, katika [[familia]] ya jamii ya Mon ya Sein Maung na Daw Kyaing. Alisoma [[historia]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mawlamyine, akihudhuria mwaka wa kwanza na mwaka wa tatu, na pia alijisomea mwenyewe. Kuanzia mwaka 1988 hadi 1997, alihudumu kwa miaka kumi katika Chama cha Jimbo Jipya la Mon (''New Mon State Party''). Pia alishiriki katika shughuli za [[maendeleo]] ya kijiji chake. Hadi sasa, amekuwa mwenyekiti wa bodi ya wadhamini inayoshughulikia wanafunzi wa shule ya sekondari ya jamii ya Mon.<ref>[https://www.pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c5887c3f609ee91e8b459e "MP profile".] Amyotha Hluttaw (in Burmese). Retrieved 9 March 2018.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 1xm0ufc23lvxqaqevn2mliwhrixomag 0 256107 1612104 1611309 2026-10-30T21:58:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin John Heming''' ([[11 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[7 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa rugby union wa Lock/No.8 kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye alicheza mechi 21 za majaribio kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Australia kati ya 1961 na 1967.<ref>Pollard, J.,''Australian Rugby: The Game and the Players'', Ironbark, 1994</ref> Alizaliwa huko Namatanai iliyopo New Ireland nje ya eneo la ardhi ya zamani ya New Guinea ya Australia (sasa [[Papua New Guinea]]). Alisoma katika shule ya North Sydney Boys High School<ref>NSBHS Leaving Certificate 1950</ref> na kufuzu kama mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] katika chuo ambacho sasa ni The University of New South Wales. Alifanya kazi hiyo kwa miaka mingi huko The Corso iliyopo Manly.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref> == Kazi ya rugby == Baada ya kukosa sifa chache za kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Melbourne kama mwogeleaji mnamo 1956, Heming alijiunga na klabu ya rugby ya Manly Marlins, na kuingia katika kikosi cha daraja la kwanza katika msimu wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika nafasi ya No.8.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Aliendelea kucheza michezo 132 ya daraja la kwanza kwa ajili ya Manly kati ya 1956 na 1969. Alichaguliwa kwa ajili ya majaribio ya Wallaby ya 1957-58, na akaanza kuchezea timu ya NSW Waratahs mnamo 1957. Kuanzisha biashara yake ya optometria mwaka huo kulimfanya asiweze kupatikana kwa ajili ya ziara ya New Zealand ya 1958.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alianza kuchezea Australia dhidi ya Fiji katika majaribio ya pili huko Sydney mnamo 1961, na akaenda kwenye ziara fupi ya Afrika Kusini baadaye mwaka huo, na akacheza dhidi ya timu ya kwanza ya wageni ya Ufaransa nchini Australia mwishoni mwa msimu huo. Alicheza katika majaribio ya Sydney dhidi ya All Blacks mnamo 1962, na akafanya ziara nchini New Zealand mwaka huo na 1964.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Alienda tena Afrika Kusini mnamo 1963, na akashiriki katika ziara ya tano ya Wallaby ya Visiwa vya Uingereza, Ufaransa na Kanada mnamo 1966/7. Pia alicheza katika mfululizo wa kihistoria wa nyumbani wa mwaka 1965 dhidi ya Springboks (ushindi wa kwanza wa mfululizo kwa Australia dhidi ya Afrika Kusini), na dhidi ya timu iliyotembelea ya British Lions mnamo 1966. Alistaafu kucheza rugby ya kimataifa baada ya majaribio ya Ufaransa ya 1967 huko Paris kwenye ziara ya 1966-7.<ref>[https://www.classicwallabies.com.au/players/robin-john-heming Robin John Heming Biography]; classicwallabies.com.au</ref><ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa mrukaji bora zaidi wa lineout katika enzi ya wachezaji wa kujitolea (amateur era).<ref>''Sometimes the Best Ever: The Story of the 1966/7 Wallabies''; documentary by Theo Clark Media, 2017.</ref> Kapteni wa Wallaby John Thornett alimwona kama sehemu ya msingi wenye vipaji vya "wachezaji bora duniani katika nafasi zao" ambao walisaidia timu yake kupata mafanikio ya kihistoria katika miaka ya 1960. Mchezaji mwenzake na mkurugenzi wa ukocha wa taifa wa muda mrefu Dick Marks alimwona kuwa "mrukaji binafsi" bora zaidi kuwahi kuonekana.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alifariki dunia mnamo [[7 Januari]] [[2023]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ |title=Rob Heming |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111221617/https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ |archivedate=2023-01-11 |accessdate=2026-10-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Australia]] 63t3la8sbxu7ltl9a25jqvgxbmqe401 1612120 1612104 2026-10-31T01:43:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin John Heming''' ([[11 Desemba]] [[1932]] – [[7 Januari]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa rugby union wa Lock/No.8 kutoka [[Australia]] ambaye alicheza mechi 21 za majaribio kwa ajili ya timu ya taifa ya Australia kati ya 1961 na 1967.<ref>Pollard, J.,''Australian Rugby: The Game and the Players'', Ironbark, 1994</ref> Alizaliwa huko Namatanai iliyopo New Ireland nje ya eneo la ardhi ya zamani ya New Guinea ya Australia (sasa [[Papua New Guinea]]). Alisoma katika shule ya North Sydney Boys High School<ref>NSBHS Leaving Certificate 1950</ref> na kufuzu kama mtaalamu wa [[optometria]] katika chuo ambacho sasa ni The University of New South Wales. Alifanya kazi hiyo kwa miaka mingi huko The Corso iliyopo Manly.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref> == Kazi ya rugby == Baada ya kukosa sifa chache za kushiriki Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Melbourne kama mwogeleaji mnamo 1956, Heming alijiunga na klabu ya rugby ya Manly Marlins, na kuingia katika kikosi cha daraja la kwanza katika msimu wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika nafasi ya No.8.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Aliendelea kucheza michezo 132 ya daraja la kwanza kwa ajili ya Manly kati ya 1956 na 1969. Alichaguliwa kwa ajili ya majaribio ya Wallaby ya 1957-58, na akaanza kuchezea timu ya NSW Waratahs mnamo 1957. Kuanzisha biashara yake ya optometria mwaka huo kulimfanya asiweze kupatikana kwa ajili ya ziara ya New Zealand ya 1958.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alianza kuchezea Australia dhidi ya Fiji katika majaribio ya pili huko Sydney mnamo 1961, na akaenda kwenye ziara fupi ya Afrika Kusini baadaye mwaka huo, na akacheza dhidi ya timu ya kwanza ya wageni ya Ufaransa nchini Australia mwishoni mwa msimu huo. Alicheza katika majaribio ya Sydney dhidi ya All Blacks mnamo 1962, na akafanya ziara nchini New Zealand mwaka huo na 1964.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Alienda tena Afrika Kusini mnamo 1963, na akashiriki katika ziara ya tano ya Wallaby ya Visiwa vya Uingereza, Ufaransa na Kanada mnamo 1966/7. Pia alicheza katika mfululizo wa kihistoria wa nyumbani wa mwaka 1965 dhidi ya Springboks (ushindi wa kwanza wa mfululizo kwa Australia dhidi ya Afrika Kusini), na dhidi ya timu iliyotembelea ya British Lions mnamo 1966. Alistaafu kucheza rugby ya kimataifa baada ya majaribio ya Ufaransa ya 1967 huko Paris kwenye ziara ya 1966-7.<ref>[https://www.classicwallabies.com.au/players/robin-john-heming Robin John Heming Biography]; classicwallabies.com.au</ref><ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming mara nyingi huchukuliwa kuwa mrukaji bora zaidi wa lineout katika enzi ya wachezaji wa kujitolea (amateur era).<ref>''Sometimes the Best Ever: The Story of the 1966/7 Wallabies''; documentary by Theo Clark Media, 2017.</ref> Kapteni wa Wallaby John Thornett alimwona kama sehemu ya msingi wenye vipaji vya "wachezaji bora duniani katika nafasi zao" ambao walisaidia timu yake kupata mafanikio ya kihistoria katika miaka ya 1960. Mchezaji mwenzake na mkurugenzi wa ukocha wa taifa wa muda mrefu Dick Marks alimwona kuwa "mrukaji binafsi" bora zaidi kuwahi kuonekana.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/national/wallaby-was-head-and-shoulders-above-everyone-in-lineout-20230125-p5cfaw.html Wallaby was head and shoulders above everybody else in lineout], Theo Clark, ''Sydney Morning Herald'', 25 January 2023</ref> Heming alifariki dunia mnamo [[7 Januari]] [[2023]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 90.<ref>{{cite news |title='Incredible Wallaby': Manly rugby great dies aged 90 |url=https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnewslocal%2Fmanly-daily%2Frob-heming-manly-marlins-and-wallabies-rugby-great-dies-aged-90%2Fnews-story%2F6c26e8bdd532c189ab532168c0b453bb&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-control-score&V21spcbehaviour=append |access-date=9 January 2023 |publisher=Manly Daily |date=9 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ |title=Rob Heming |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111221617/https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/468522/rob-heming/?r=https://tributes.smh.com.au/obituaries/smh-au/ |archivedate=2023-01-11 |accessdate=2026-10-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:wachezaji wa Australia]] 44te35i31p4zomrl78akoiqe7prsoef 0 256170 1612084 1611468 2026-10-30T17:42:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okkar Min''' (Kiburma: ဦးဥက္ကာမင်း; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi alipoondolewa madarakani kufuatia mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Myanmar ya mwaka 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Okkar Min alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984 huko Yangon, Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Sayansi katika Hisabati (B.Sc. Mathematics) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Myeik.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c55ec23f609ee91e8b458c "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese).</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Okkar Min alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), baada ya kupata kura nyingi 46,420 katika jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Ndani na Ajira za Nje ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%8A-2/ |title="Open Hluttaw". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218203642/http://www.openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%8A-2/ |archivedate=2020-02-18 |accessdate=2026-10-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] s0xi9agzbi0jkrcmou44urexaiqceh8 1612118 1612084 2026-10-31T01:21:34Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1612118 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okkar Min''' (Kiburma: ဦးဥက္ကာမင်း; alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Myanmar aliyewahi kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), akiwakilisha jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi kuanzia mwaka 2016 hadi alipoondolewa madarakani kufuatia mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya Myanmar ya mwaka 2021. Yeye ni mwanachama wa Chama cha Ligi ya Kitaifa ya Demokrasia (NLD). == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Okkar Min alizaliwa tarehe 4 Novemba 1984 huko Yangon, Myanmar. Alihitimu [[shahada]] ya Sayansi katika Hisabati (B.Sc. Mathematics) katika Chuo Kikuu cha Myeik.<ref>[https://pyidaungsu.hluttaw.mm/members/56c55ec23f609ee91e8b458c "Mp Profile".] Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (in Burmese).</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Okkar Min alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Juu la Myanmar (Amyotha Hluttaw), baada ya kupata kura nyingi 46,420 katika jimbo bunge namba 8 la Mkoa wa Tanintharyi. Pia aliwahi kuwa mjumbe wa Kamati ya Masuala ya Ndani na Ajira za Nje ya Bunge la Juu la Myanmar.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%8A-2/ |title="Open Hluttaw". |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218203642/http://www.openhluttaw.info/en_US/2017/01/13/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BE%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BB-%E1%80%95%E1%80%BD%E1%80%8A-2/ |archivedate=2020-02-18 |accessdate=2026-10-27 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Myanmar]] 2yfum95p9cb859in2v73i6q3s3gxqht 0 256426 1612077 1612025 2026-10-30T16:06:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1612077 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|thumb|right|Kitabu ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'']] '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (kwa Kiswahili: ''Mimi, Mtutsi wa mwisho'') ni [[kitabu]] cha ushuhuda kilichoandikwa na Charles Habonimana pamoja na Daniel Le Scornet. Kilichapishwa mwaka 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]] na shirika la uchapishaji Plon. Kinasimulia maisha ya mwandishi wakati wa [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi]] mwaka 1994. == Yaliyomo == Charles Habonimana alizaliwa mwaka 1982 huko Mayunzwe, kusini mwa [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gc2019">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2019/04/13/moi-le-dernier-des-tutsis/ |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Le Grand Continent |author=Camille Stuckel |date=2019-04-13 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 1994 alikuwa na umri wa miaka 12.<ref name="ja">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n'ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Tarehe 24 Aprili 1994, wauaji walimuua baba yake, Célestin, mbele ya macho yake. Walimuua pia Fidel, ndugu wa familia. Mama yake, Odette, na wengi wa ndugu zake waliuawa pia.<ref name="ja" /> Sebuhuku alikuwa kiongozi wa wauaji kijijini. Sebuhuku aliamua kwamba Charles asiuawe mara moja. Alitaka Charles awe « Mtutsi wa mwisho ». Charles angeuawa baada ya Watutsi wengine wote wa eneo hilo.<ref name="ja" /><ref name="gc2024">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2024/04/07/la-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-une-liste-de-lectures/ |title=Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : une liste de lectures |website=Le Grand Continent |author1=Florian Louis |author2=Anthony Guyon |date=2024-04-07 |access-date=2026-10-30 |language=fr}}</ref> Sebuhuku aliua familia ya Charles. Lakini Sebuhuku pia alikuwa mlinzi wa Charles. Francine, mke wa Sebuhuku, alimlinda Charles kadiri alivyoweza.<ref name="ja" /> Kitabu kinazungumzia pia hotuba ya [[Theodore Sindikubwabo|Théodore Sindikubwabo]]. Hotuba hiyo ilitolewa huko [[Butare]] tarehe 19 Aprili 1994. Baada ya hotuba hiyo, majirani Wahutu walianza kuwaua Watutsi.<ref name="ja" /> Charles alinusurika mauaji ya kimbari. == Uandishi == Kwa miaka mingi, Charles alitoa ushuhuda wake kwa mdomo katika mikutano duniani kote. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, alianza kuandika ushuhuda wake kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]. Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2016, alikutana na Daniel Le Scornet nchini Ufaransa. Wawili hao waliamua kuandika kitabu kwa [[Kifaransa]].<ref name="ja" /> == Uchapishaji == Kitabu kilichapishwa na Plon mwezi Machi 2019.<ref name="gc2019" /> Mwezi Aprili 2019, gazeti la ''Jeune Afrique'' lilifanya mahojiano na Charles Habonimana kuhusu kitabu chake.<ref name="ja" /> Mwaka 2024, jarida la ''Le Grand Continent'' liliweka kitabu hiki kwenye orodha ya vitabu vinavyopendekezwa kuhusu mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi.<ref name="gc2024" /> == Matoleo == * {{Rejea kitabu |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |year=2019 |isbn=978-2-259-27719-8 |language=fr}} * {{Rejea kitabu |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Pocket |year=2020 |isbn=978-2-266-30026-1 |language=fr}} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-kitabu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moi, le dernier Tutsi}} [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mauaji ya kimbari]] 49ipivzi0h5ya95kj3kcroaia9fhdw7 1612113 1612077 2026-10-31T00:45:22Z Score Beethoven 26647 1612113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox book | jina = Moi, le dernier Tutsi | image = [[Picha:Moi, le dernier Tutsi.jpg|200px]]<br />Kitabu kwenye kumbukumbu ya mauaji ya kimbari huko Mayunzwe | mwandishi = Charles Habonimana<br />Daniel Le Scornet | nchi = [[Ufaransa]] | lugha = [[Kifaransa]] | aina = Ushuhuda | mchapishaji = Plon | tarehe ya kuchapishwa = 21 Machi 2019 | kurasa = 304 }} '''''Moi, le dernier Tutsi''''' (kwa Kiswahili: ''Mimi, Mtutsi wa mwisho'') ni [[kitabu]] cha ushuhuda. Kiliandikwa na Charles Habonimana pamoja na Daniel Le Scornet. Kilichapishwa mwaka 2019 nchini [[Ufaransa]] na shirika la uchapishaji Plon. Kitabu kinasimulia maisha ya mwandishi wakati wa [[Mauaji ya kimbari ya Rwanda|mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi]] mwaka 1994. Wakati huo, Charles Habonimana alikuwa na umri wa miaka 12. == Yaliyomo == Charles Habonimana alizaliwa mwaka 1982 huko Mayunzwe, kusini mwa [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gc2019">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2019/04/13/moi-le-dernier-des-tutsis/ |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Le Grand Continent |author=Camille Stuckel |date=2019-04-13 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 1994 alikuwa na umri wa miaka 12.<ref name="ja">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n'ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Tarehe 19 Aprili 1994, [[Theodore Sindikubwabo|Théodore Sindikubwabo]] alitoa hotuba huko [[Butare]]. Kitabu kinazungumzia hotuba hiyo. Baada ya hotuba hiyo, majirani Wahutu walianza kuwaua Watutsi.<ref name="ja" /> Tarehe 24 Aprili 1994, wauaji walimuua baba yake, Célestin, mbele ya macho yake. Walimuua pia Fidel, ndugu wa familia. Mama yake, Odette, na ndugu zake saba waliuawa pia.<ref name="ja" /> Sebuhuku alikuwa kiongozi wa wauaji kijijini. Sebuhuku aliamua kwamba Charles asiuawe mara moja. Alitaka Charles awe « Mtutsi wa mwisho ». Charles angeuawa baada ya Watutsi wengine wote wa eneo hilo.<ref name="ja" /><ref name="gc2024">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://legrandcontinent.eu/fr/2024/04/07/la-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-une-liste-de-lectures/ |title=Le génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : une liste de lectures |website=Le Grand Continent |author1=Florian Louis |author2=Anthony Guyon |date=2024-04-07 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Sebuhuku aliua familia ya Charles. Lakini Sebuhuku pia alikuwa mlinzi wa Charles. Francine, mke wa Sebuhuku, alimlinda Charles kadiri alivyoweza.<ref name="ja" /> Charles alinusurika mauaji ya kimbari. == Uandishi == Kwa miaka mingi, Charles alitoa ushuhuda wake kwa mdomo katika mikutano duniani kote. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, alianza kuandika ushuhuda wake kwa [[Kinyarwanda]]. Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2016, alikutana na Daniel Le Scornet nchini Ufaransa. Wawili hao waliamua kuandika kitabu kwa [[Kifaransa]].<ref name="ja" /> == Uchapishaji == Kitabu kilichapishwa na Plon tarehe 21 Machi 2019.<ref name="plon">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.lisez.com/livre-grand-format/moi-le-dernier-tutsi/9782259277198 |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |website=Lisez ! (Plon) |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Tarehe 23 Aprili 2019, Charles Habonimana alizindua kitabu jijini [[Kigali]].<ref name="nt">{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166015/News/kwibuka-25-the-genocide-through-the-eyes-of-a-12-year-old |title=Kwibuka 25: the Genocide through the eyes of a 12-year-old |work=The New Times |author=Eugene Kwibuka |date=2019-04-24 |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=en}}</ref> Mwezi Aprili 2019 pia, gazeti la ''Jeune Afrique'' lilifanya mahojiano na Charles Habonimana kuhusu kitabu chake.<ref name="ja" /> Tarehe 22 Oktoba 2020, Pocket ilichapisha toleo jipya la kitabu.<ref name="pocket">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.lisez.com/livres/moi-le-dernier-tutsi/9782266300261 |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi (Pocket) |website=Lisez ! |access-date=2026-10-31 |language=fr}}</ref> Mwaka 2024, jarida la ''Le Grand Continent'' liliweka kitabu hiki kwenye orodha ya vitabu vinavyopendekezwa kuhusu mauaji ya kimbari dhidi ya Watutsi.<ref name="gc2024" /> == Matoleo == * {{Rejea kitabu |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Plon |year=2019 |isbn=978-2-259-27719-8 |language=fr}} * {{Rejea kitabu |author1=Charles Habonimana |author2=Daniel Le Scornet |title=Moi, le dernier Tutsi |location=Paris |publisher=Pocket |year=2020 |isbn=978-2-266-30026-1 |language=fr}} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-kitabu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Moi, le dernier Tutsi}} [[Jamii:Vitabu]] [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kifaransa]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Mauaji ya kimbari]] q81p0pf08usyay2usfugqnmg0b48zfp 0 256455 1612073 1612062 2026-10-30T14:29:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1612073 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad ibn Aslam al-Ghāfiqī''' (alifariki 1165) alikuwa [[Al-Andalus|Andalusia]] Mwarabu mtaalamu wa macho na mwandishi wa kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' (''Kitāb al-Murshid fi’ l-kuḥl''). == Kazi == Kitabu cha ''The Right Guide to Ophthalmology'' kinaonyesha kuwa madaktari wa wakati huo walikuwa na uelewa mpana na tata kuhusu hali za jicho na kope, ambazo walizitibu kwa taratibu mbalimbali za upasuaji, marhamu, na dawa za kemikali.<ref>{{cite web|title=Becker Medical Library - Muslim Medicine|url=http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mini/muslim-medicine.html|access-date=14 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928051654/http://beckerexhibits.wustl.edu/mini/muslim-medicine.html|archivedate=2011-09-28|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1165]] 5lch7bkwo6k5y1h9lqod583np9jd885 0 256456 1612066 2026-10-30T13:20:32Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Databox}} {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Uganda |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffff...' 1612066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Uganda |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Uganda]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Kadongo kamu, kidandali, dancehall, afrobeat, hip-hop, R&B na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Lugha kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kiluganda]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Kiswahili]], Kirunyankole na lugha za kanda |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Vituo vikuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Kampala]], [[Mbarara]], [[Jinja]] |} '''Muziki wa Uganda''' unajumuisha mfumo mpana wa sanaa unaojumuisha mila za asili za makabila zaidi ya 65 na mitindo ya kisasa ya kidijitali. Sekta hii ya burudani ina nguvu kubwa kiuchumi na kijamii nchini humo.<ref name="FaceMusic">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.face-music.ch/inform/poeple_uganda_en.html|title=Uganda the country and the people|work=Face Music|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> == Muziki wa jadi kulingana na kanda == Muziki wa asili nchini Uganda unafanywa kwa ajili ya shughuli maalum za kijamii kama vile harusi, sherehe za kifalme, mavuno na vita.<ref name="FaceMusic" /> === Kanda ya Kati (Buganda) === Waganda ndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini humo, na [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] amekuwa Mfadhili mkuu wa sanaa hii.<ref name="Afritorial">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/|title=Tribe: The Baganda, Uganda's Royal Kingdom, Past & Present|work=Afritorial|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> Ngoma kama vile ''engalabi'' na ngoma za kifalme hutumika pamoja na vinubi vya ''ennanga'' na ''entongoli'', filimbi na gitaa la asili la ''kadingidi''. Dansi kuu za eneo hili ni pamoja na ''bakisimba'', ''nankasa'' na ''amaggunju''.<ref name="Otiso">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Culture and customs of Uganda|author=Kefa M. Otiso|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2006|page=128|isbn=9780313331480}}</ref> === Kanda ya Mashariki === Kanda hii inajumuisha makabila ya Bagwere, Basoga, Bagisu, Iteso na Jopadhola. Kila kabila lina ala zake za kipekee; kwa mfano, Basoga wanatumia xylophone ya ''mbeire'', Iteso wanatumia kinubi cha ''adungu'', na Bagwere wanatumia ''kongo''. Wasanii wa kisasa kutoka eneo hini ni pamoja na Racheal Magola na Maro. === Kanda ya Magharibi === Muziki wa Kinyankole na lugha za Magharibi ulipata umaarufu kitaifa kupitia wasanii kama Ray G, Allan Toniks, Sister Charity na Emily Kikazi. Ukuaji huu uliwezeshwa na vituo vya redio na televisheni kama vile Radio West, TV West na Crooze FM vilivyotoa jukwaa kwa wasanii wa kanda hiyo. == Muziki wa kisasa na utandawazi == === Kadongo kamu === Kadongo kamu (inayomaanisha "gitaa moja") ndio mtindo wa kwanza wa kisasa ulioibuka kutoka kwenye muziki wa jadi wa Kiganda. Ulipata umaarufu kuanzia miaka ya 1980 kupitia wasanii kama [[Herman Basudde]], [[Paulo Kafeero]], Dan Mugula na Fred Masagazi.<ref name="KadongoKamu">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu|title=Kadongo Kamu Musicians|work=DJ Erycom|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> [[Philly Lutaaya]] pia alileta mapinduzi makubwa kupitia albamu yake ya ''Born In Africa'' na nyimbo zake za Krismasi zilizobaki kuwa mashuhuri. === Kidandali, Dancehall na Pop === Mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990, mtindo wa afro-ragga au ''Kidandali'' ulizaliwa na kuongozwa na wasanii kama [[Jose Chameleone]], [[Bobi Wine]], [[Bebe Cool]], Ragga Dee na Red Banton (aliyekuwa maarufu kwa wimbo "Noonya Money"). Wasanii hawa walichukua ushawishi wa muziki wa dancehall kutoka Jamaika na kuuchanganya na miondoko ya nyumbani.<ref name="MusicInAfrica">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/popular-music-uganda/|title=Popular music in Uganda|work=Music In Africa|author=Achiro P. Olwoch|date=9 Februari 2015|accessdate=26 Oktoba 2026|language=en}}</ref> Katika karne ya 21, muziki wa Uganda umeingia kwenye soko la kimataifa kupitia majukwaa ya kidijitali. Wasanii kama [[Eddy Kenzo]] (aliyeshinda tuzo ya BET mwaka 2015) na kundi la Goodlyfe Crew (Radio & Weasel) wameufikisha muziki wa nchi hiyo katika anga za kimataifa. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika Mashariki]] suboztwhdontppr8vgdc13vk8s98uum 0 256457 1612069 2026-10-30T13:29:45Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Muziki wa Kameruni]] 1612069 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Muziki wa Kameruni]] 3ljq5pmzqbj2yqx7xn5kaj0k0jw03ih 0 256458 1612070 2026-10-30T13:41:32Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color...' 1612070 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Soukous, afrobeat, rock, pop, jazz na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Sanza, mbela, ongo, ngombi na ieta |} '''Muziki wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]''' unajumuisha mitindo na miondoko mbalimbali. Muziki wa [[rock]] na [[pop]] kutoka Magharibi, pamoja na [[afrobeat]], [[soukous]] na mitindo mingine, imepata umaarufu mkubwa nchini kote. [[Mbira|Sanza]] ni ala maarufu sana inayotumika katika muziki huo. Wapigmi wana utamaduni tajiri na wa kipekee wa muziki wa asili. Mchanganyiko wa sauti nyingi na miondoko mbalimbali ni sehemu kuu ya muziki wao. Pia, muziki wa parapanda wa [[Wabanda]] umepata umaarufu nje ya eneo hilo kwa sababu ya mdundo wake unaofanana na [[jazz]]. Wambaka wanatumia ala ya pekee inayoitwa [[mbela]], iliyotengenezwa kwa tawi lililopinda na uzi uliovutwa pande mbili na kuwekwa mbele ya mdomo wa mwanamuziki. Uzi huo unapopigwa, mdomo hutumika kuongeza ukubwa na kubadilisha sauti. Ala zinazofanana na mbela wakati mwingine hutazamwa kama mababu wa zamani zaidi wa ala zote za nyuzi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/central_african_republic/printable.htm|title=Lonely Planet World Guide &#124; Destination Central African Republic|website=www.lonelyplanet.com|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> Wimbo wa taifa wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati ni "[[La Renaissance]]". Wimbo huu, ambao umekuwa wimbo wa taifa tangu mwaka 1960, uliandikwa maneno na [[Barthélémy Boganda]], Rais wa kwanza wa nchi hiyo, na muziki wake ukatungwa na [[Herbert Pepper]], ambaye pia alitunga wimbo wa taifa wa [[Senegal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalanthems.info/cf.htm|title=Central African Republic – nationalanthems.info|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> == Muziki maarufu == Muziki maarufu nchini Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati kwa ujumla unatokana na [[Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] au sehemu nyingine za Afrika. Hata hivyo, muziki wa Amerika ya Kusini, Ulaya, na pop ya Marekani pia unapendwa, pamoja na [[jazz]] na [[rock and roll]]. Hadithi za asili za Kiafrika pia ni maarufu sana, kama vile Panda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paillard |first=Boris |date=29 February 2024 |title=Central African music, in search of lost treasures |url=http://http//https%3A%2F%2Fpan-african-music.com%2Fen%2Fcentral-african-music%2F |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=Pan African Music |language=en-US}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili == === Muziki wa Wabanda === Watu wa kabila la [[Banda people|Banda]] wametengeneza muziki wa kisasa kwa kutumia parapanda katika miondoko ya [[jazz]], ambao Shirika la [[UNESCO]] limeuita miongoni mwa "uvumbuzi mkubwa wa kimuziki wa karne yetu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/cdmusic/html%5Feng/caf.shtml|title=UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music of the World: Central African Republic|website=www.unesco.org|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> Muziki wa asili wa Wabanda unajumuisha ''ongo'', aina ya parapanda iliyotengenezwa kwa mti au pembe ya [[swala]]. ''Ongo'' hutumika katika sherehe na tambiko, ikiwa ni pamoja na sherehe za jando na unyago za vijana, zikipigwa kwa pamoja katika vikundi vya parapanda kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banda Music of the Central African Republic - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829024455/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Muziki wa Wapigmi === [[Pygmy music|Muziki wa Wapigmi]] una muundo unaojirudia ukibadilika taratibu. Unategemea kurudiarudia vipindi vyenye urefu sawa, ambapo kila mwimbaji hugawa mdundo kwa kutumia sauti tofauti kulingana na aina ya wimbo. Mfumo huu wa kipekee wa muziki huunda mabadiliko yasiyo na mwisho. Wapigmi wenyewe hawajifunzi au kuutazama muziki wao kwa nadharia hizi za kitaalamu, bali hujifunza tangu wakiwa watoto wanapokua. Mitindo ya Wapigmi inajumuisha ''liquindi'' (upigaji wa ngoma majini) na ala kama kinubi cha [[ieta]], [[ngombi]] (kinubi cha bodi), na [[limbindi]] (uta wa nyuzi). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Jisomee== *Abram, Dave. "Sounds From the African Rainforest". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 601–607. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}} *{{cite web|title=Banda Music of the Central African Republic - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829024455/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Centrafricaine,%20R%E9publique&debut=0&bool=AND Sampuli za sauti: Muziki wa asili wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati.] [[Musée d'ethnographie de Genève]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Jamhuri Ya Afrika Ya Kati}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika ya Kati]] 46h1bc3qqkgfsgb3hjvm8ogzn3hp2e3 1612080 1612070 2026-10-30T16:49:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1612080 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Soukous, afrobeat, rock, pop, jazz na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Sanza, mbela, ongo, ngombi na ieta |} '''Muziki wa [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]]''' unajumuisha mitindo na miondoko mbalimbali. Muziki wa [[rock]] na [[pop]] kutoka Magharibi, pamoja na [[afrobeat]], [[soukous]] na mitindo mingine, imepata umaarufu mkubwa nchini kote. [[Mbira|Sanza]] ni ala maarufu sana inayotumika katika muziki huo. Wapigmi wana utamaduni tajiri na wa kipekee wa muziki wa asili. Mchanganyiko wa sauti nyingi na miondoko mbalimbali ni sehemu kuu ya muziki wao. Pia, muziki wa parapanda wa [[Wabanda]] umepata umaarufu nje ya eneo hilo kwa sababu ya mdundo wake unaofanana na [[jazz]]. Wambaka wanatumia ala ya pekee inayoitwa [[mbela]], iliyotengenezwa kwa tawi lililopinda na uzi uliovutwa pande mbili na kuwekwa mbele ya mdomo wa mwanamuziki. Uzi huo unapopigwa, mdomo hutumika kuongeza ukubwa na kubadilisha sauti. Ala zinazofanana na mbela wakati mwingine hutazamwa kama mababu wa zamani zaidi wa ala zote za nyuzi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/destinations/africa/central_african_republic/printable.htm|title=Lonely Planet World Guide &#124; Destination Central African Republic|website=www.lonelyplanet.com|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> Wimbo wa taifa wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati ni "[[La Renaissance]]". Wimbo huu, ambao umekuwa wimbo wa taifa tangu mwaka 1960, uliandikwa maneno na [[Barthélémy Boganda]], Rais wa kwanza wa nchi hiyo, na muziki wake ukatungwa na [[Herbert Pepper]], ambaye pia alitunga wimbo wa taifa wa [[Senegal]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nationalanthems.info/cf.htm|title=Central African Republic – nationalanthems.info|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> == Muziki maarufu == Muziki maarufu nchini Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati kwa ujumla unatokana na [[Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] au sehemu nyingine za Afrika. Hata hivyo, muziki wa Amerika ya Kusini, Ulaya, na pop ya Marekani pia unapendwa, pamoja na [[jazz]] na [[rock and roll]]. Hadithi za asili za Kiafrika pia ni maarufu sana, kama vile Panda.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Paillard |first=Boris |date=29 February 2024 |title=Central African music, in search of lost treasures |url=http://http//https%3A%2F%2Fpan-african-music.com%2Fen%2Fcentral-african-music%2F |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=Pan African Music |language=en-US}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili == === Muziki wa Wabanda === Watu wa kabila la [[Banda people|Banda]] wametengeneza muziki wa kisasa kwa kutumia parapanda katika miondoko ya [[jazz]], ambao Shirika la [[UNESCO]] limeuita miongoni mwa "uvumbuzi mkubwa wa kimuziki wa karne yetu".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.unesco.org/culture/cdmusic/html%5Feng/caf.shtml|title=UNESCO Collection of Traditional Music of the World: Central African Republic|website=www.unesco.org|accessdate=Apr 30, 2026}}</ref> Muziki wa asili wa Wabanda unajumuisha ''ongo'', aina ya parapanda iliyotengenezwa kwa mti au pembe ya [[swala]]. ''Ongo'' hutumika katika sherehe na tambiko, ikiwa ni pamoja na sherehe za jando na unyago za vijana, zikipigwa kwa pamoja katika vikundi vya parapanda kumi na nane.<ref>{{cite web|title=Banda Music of the Central African Republic - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829024455/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Muziki wa Wapigmi === [[Pygmy music|Muziki wa Wapigmi]] una muundo unaojirudia ukibadilika taratibu. Unategemea kurudiarudia vipindi vyenye urefu sawa, ambapo kila mwimbaji hugawa mdundo kwa kutumia sauti tofauti kulingana na aina ya wimbo. Mfumo huu wa kipekee wa muziki huunda mabadiliko yasiyo na mwisho. Wapigmi wenyewe hawajifunzi au kuutazama muziki wao kwa nadharia hizi za kitaalamu, bali hujifunza tangu wakiwa watoto wanapokua. Mitindo ya Wapigmi inajumuisha ''liquindi'' (upigaji wa ngoma majini) na ala kama kinubi cha [[ieta]], [[ngombi]] (kinubi cha bodi), na [[limbindi]] (uta wa nyuzi). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} ==Jisomee== *Abram, Dave. "Sounds From the African Rainforest". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.), ''World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East'', pp 601–607. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. {{ISBN|1-85828-636-0}} *{{cite web|title=Banda Music of the Central African Republic - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta |url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829024455/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461532789/Banda_Music_of_the_Central_African_Republic.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{in lang|fr}} [http://www.ville-ge.ch/meg/musinfo_ph.php?what=pays=Centrafricaine,%20R%E9publique&debut=0&bool=AND Sampuli za sauti: Muziki wa asili wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati.] [[Musée d'ethnographie de Genève]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Jamhuri Ya Afrika Ya Kati}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Afrika ya Kati]] kr32csyeaz3568rve9apq6bbylkpexv 0 256459 1612071 2026-10-30T13:45:02Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Chad |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | File:Souffeur_du_Kanem.jpg|250px|M...' 1612071 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Chad |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Souffeur_du_Kanem.jpg|250px|Mchezaji wa ala za upepo kutoka Kanem wakati wa Tamasha la Dary nchini Chad]]<br /><small>Mpiga ala za upepo kutoka Kanem kwenye tamasha la Dary nchini Chad</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Chad]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Soukous, sai, pop na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Kinde, hu hu, kakaki, maracas na ngoma za tradisheni |} [[Chad]] ni nchi ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] yenye makabila mbalimbali. Kila mkoa una aina yake ya kipekee ya muziki na dansi. Kwa mfano, watu wa [[punani]] wanatumia filimbi za ubao mmoja, wakati utamaduni wa zamani wa [[griot]] unatumia kinubi chenye nyuzi tano kinachoitwa [[Arched harp|kinde]] na pembe za aina mbalimbali. Eneo la Tibesti linatumia [[lute]] na [[fiddle]]. Vikundi vya wanamuziki wanaopiga pembe na parapanda, kama vile parapanda ndefu za kifalme zinazojulikana kama "waza" au "kakaki", hutumika katika sherehe za kutawazwa na sherehe nyingine za kitamaduni nchini Chad na [[Sudan]]. Wimbo wa taifa wa Chad ni "[[La Tchadienne]]," uliotungwa mwaka 1960 na [[Paul Villard (composer)|Paul Villard]] na [[Louis Gidrol]] kwa msaada kutoka kwa kundi la wanafunzi wa Gidrol. == Muziki maarufu == Baada ya kupata uhuru, Chad, kama nchi nyingi za Afrika, ilianza kutoa muziki maarufu uliokuwa na mtindo unaofanana na [[soukous]] ya [[Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thephatplanet.com/music.ihtml?pid=7804&step=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513013339/http://thephatplanet.com/music.ihtml?pid=7804&step=4|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2006|title=The Phat Planet World Music|date=May 13, 2006}}</ref> Mitindo ya muziki maarufu nchini Chad inajumuisha [[sai music|sai]], inayotumia midundo kutoka kusini mwa nchi hiyo—mtindo huu ulipata umaarufu kupitia kundi lililoitwa [[Tibesti (band)|Tibesti]]. Makundi mengine yanajumuisha [[International Challal]] na [[African Melody]] za ukanda wa [[Sahel]], wakati wanamuziki wanajumuisha mpiga [[gitaa]] [[Ahmed Pecos]], aliyeathiriwa na muziki wa Sudan, na mwanamuziki wa Chad na Ufaransa [[Clément Masdongar]].<ref name=:0>{{cite web |url=http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/chad/arts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001212148/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/chad/arts.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-01 |title=Listing |website= www.cp-pc.ca|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili == === Muziki wa Teda === Watu wa [[Teda people|Teda]] wanaishi katika eneo linalozunguka [[Milima ya Tibesti]]. Muziki wao wa asili unatokana na ala za nyuzi za wanaume na nyimbo za wanawake. Ala za nyuzi kama vile [[keleli]] zinatumika "kuwakilisha" waimbaji wa kiume, kwani inaonekana haifai kwa mwanamume kuimba mbele ya mwanamke mzima.<ref>{{cite web|title=Traditional Music of the Republic of Chad - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE -->|url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829045323/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ala za muziki === Ala za kitamaduni za Chad zinajumuisha [[hu hu]] (ala ya nyuzi yenye kibuyu cha kusafirisha sauti), [[kakaki]] (parapanda ya bati), maracas, lute, [[Arched harp|kinde]] (kinubi cha upinde) na pembe za aina mbalimbali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tchad.org/research/art.html|title=Virtual Chad: A look beyond the statistics into the realities of life in Chad, Africa|website=www.tchad.org}}</ref> Ala nyingine zinajumuisha muziki wa filimbi na ngoma za [[Kanembu people|Kanembu]] na [[balaphone]], filimbi, kinubi na ngoma za [[kodjo drums|kodjo]] za watu wa [[Sara people|Sara]], wakati watu wa [[Baguirmian]] wanajulikana kwa muziki wa ngoma na [[zither]], pamoja na ngoma ya asili ambapo mapigano ya mzaha hufanyika kati ya wacheza dansi wanaoshika mchi mikubwa.<ref name=:0/> == Tazama pia == *[[Chari Jazz]] (Kundi la muziki la Chad la miaka ya 1960) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&lang=EN&q=tchad&p=1&f_typedoc=audio Klipu za sauti - muziki wa asili wa Chad.] Maktaba ya Taifa ya Ufaransa. *[http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html MS Encarta, sampuli ya asili inayoweza kupakuliwa] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090829045323/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html Imehifadhiwa]) {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Chad}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Chad| ]] 70cw6utz69ujh76uon94ly43piypcwy 1612079 1612071 2026-10-30T16:49:06Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1612079 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Chad |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Souffeur_du_Kanem.jpg|250px|Mchezaji wa ala za upepo kutoka Kanem wakati wa Tamasha la Dary nchini Chad]]<br /><small>Mpiga ala za upepo kutoka Kanem kwenye tamasha la Dary nchini Chad</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Chad]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Soukous, sai, pop na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Kinde, hu hu, kakaki, maracas na ngoma za tradisheni |} [[Chad]] ni nchi ya [[Afrika ya Kati]] yenye makabila mbalimbali. Kila mkoa una aina yake ya kipekee ya muziki na dansi. Kwa mfano, watu wa [[punani]] wanatumia filimbi za ubao mmoja, wakati utamaduni wa zamani wa [[griot]] unatumia kinubi chenye nyuzi tano kinachoitwa [[Arched harp|kinde]] na pembe za aina mbalimbali. Eneo la Tibesti linatumia [[lute]] na [[fiddle]]. Vikundi vya wanamuziki wanaopiga pembe na parapanda, kama vile parapanda ndefu za kifalme zinazojulikana kama "waza" au "kakaki", hutumika katika sherehe za kutawazwa na sherehe nyingine za kitamaduni nchini Chad na [[Sudan]]. Wimbo wa taifa wa Chad ni "[[La Tchadienne]]," uliotungwa mwaka 1960 na [[Paul Villard (composer)|Paul Villard]] na [[Louis Gidrol]] kwa msaada kutoka kwa kundi la wanafunzi wa Gidrol. == Muziki maarufu == Baada ya kupata uhuru, Chad, kama nchi nyingi za Afrika, ilianza kutoa muziki maarufu uliokuwa na mtindo unaofanana na [[soukous]] ya [[Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thephatplanet.com/music.ihtml?pid=7804&step=4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060513013339/http://thephatplanet.com/music.ihtml?pid=7804&step=4|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 13, 2006|title=The Phat Planet World Music|date=May 13, 2006}}</ref> Mitindo ya muziki maarufu nchini Chad inajumuisha [[sai music|sai]], inayotumia midundo kutoka kusini mwa nchi hiyo—mtindo huu ulipata umaarufu kupitia kundi lililoitwa [[Tibesti (band)|Tibesti]]. Makundi mengine yanajumuisha [[International Challal]] na [[African Melody]] za ukanda wa [[Sahel]], wakati wanamuziki wanajumuisha mpiga [[gitaa]] [[Ahmed Pecos]], aliyeathiriwa na muziki wa Sudan, na mwanamuziki wa Chad na Ufaransa [[Clément Masdongar]].<ref name=:0>{{cite web |url=http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/chad/arts.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001212148/http://www.cp-pc.ca/english/chad/arts.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-10-01 |title=Listing |website= www.cp-pc.ca|access-date=2020-01-13}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili == === Muziki wa Teda === Watu wa [[Teda people|Teda]] wanaishi katika eneo linalozunguka [[Milima ya Tibesti]]. Muziki wao wa asili unatokana na ala za nyuzi za wanaume na nyimbo za wanawake. Ala za nyuzi kama vile [[keleli]] zinatumika "kuwakilisha" waimbaji wa kiume, kwani inaonekana haifai kwa mwanamume kuimba mbele ya mwanamke mzima.<ref>{{cite web|title=Traditional Music of the Republic of Chad - Sound Clip - MSN Encarta <!-- BOT GENERATED TITLE -->|url=http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090829045323/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html|archive-date=2009-08-29|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Ala za muziki === Ala za kitamaduni za Chad zinajumuisha [[hu hu]] (ala ya nyuzi yenye kibuyu cha kusafirisha sauti), [[kakaki]] (parapanda ya bati), maracas, lute, [[Arched harp|kinde]] (kinubi cha upinde) na pembe za aina mbalimbali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.tchad.org/research/art.html|title=Virtual Chad: A look beyond the statistics into the realities of life in Chad, Africa|website=www.tchad.org}}</ref> Ala nyingine zinajumuisha muziki wa filimbi na ngoma za [[Kanembu people|Kanembu]] na [[balaphone]], filimbi, kinubi na ngoma za [[kodjo drums|kodjo]] za watu wa [[Sara people|Sara]], wakati watu wa [[Baguirmian]] wanajulikana kwa muziki wa ngoma na [[zither]], pamoja na ngoma ya asili ambapo mapigano ya mzaha hufanyika kati ya wacheza dansi wanaoshika mchi mikubwa.<ref name=:0/> == Tazama pia == *[[Chari Jazz]] (Kundi la muziki la Chad la miaka ya 1960) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://gallica.bnf.fr/Search?ArianeWireIndex=index&lang=EN&q=tchad&p=1&f_typedoc=audio Klipu za sauti - muziki wa asili wa Chad.] Maktaba ya Taifa ya Ufaransa. *[http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html MS Encarta, sampuli ya asili inayoweza kupakuliwa] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20090829045323/http://encarta.msn.com/media_461564481/Traditional_Music_of_the_Republic_of_Chad.html Imehifadhiwa]) {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Chad}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Chad| ]] 4ag2ge0aofmu6ho3s5sssu9061904sh 0 256460 1612072 2026-10-30T13:53:22Z Said Mfaume 68307 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | File:P...' 1612072 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Papa Wemba and Koffi Olomide, 1988.jpg|250px|Papa Wemba na Koffi Olomide wakitumbuiza mwaka 1988]]<br /><small>[[Papa Wemba]] na [[Koffi Olomide]], nguli wa muziki wa Soukous, wakitumbuiza mwaka 1988</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Rumba ya Kongo, soukous, ndombolo, maringa na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Sanza (likembe), gitaa, ngoma za asili (tam-tam), lokole na pluriarc |} '''Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' unajumuisha mila na mitindo mbalimbali ya kitamaduni.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87hiSNu_wHQC |title=Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2000 |editor-last=Haugerud |editor-first=Angelique |location=Lanham, Maryland, United States |pages=34–49 |isbn=0-8476-9943-9 |language=English |editor-last2=Stone |editor-first2=Margaret Priscilla |editor-last3=Little |editor-first3=Peter D.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2022 |title=Beneath the rhythm, Congolese rumba is a link to the past |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/01/22/beneath-the-rhythm-congolese-rumba-is-a-link-to-the-past |access-date=22 August 2023 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Muziki wa asili hutumika kwa burudani, kuwasilisha desturi, hisia, na maadili ya kijamii katika sherehe za kuzaliwa, ndoa, jando, na misiba.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Enyimo |first=Martin |date=6 August 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Instruments et cris traditionnels dans le folklore congolais |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Traditional Instruments and Cries in Congolese Folklore |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200508070001.html |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Le Potentiel]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Miondoko ya Kikongo imekuwa na mchango mkubwa sana katika kuunda mitindo ya muziki barani Afrika na kwingineko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sohonie |first=Vik |date=12 November 2021 |title=Analysis: Musical Roots Run Deep in the Congo |url=https://www.theelephant.info/analysis/2021/11/12/musical-roots-run-deep-in-the-congo/ |access-date=29 July 2026 |website=The Elephant |language=en-US}}</ref> Muziki maarufu wa kisasa ulianza kukua sambamba na upanuzi wa miji katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo wasanii wa hapa walipata fursa ya kusikiliza mitindo ya kimataifa kama vile [[rumba ya Cuba]], [[jazz]], [[blues]], na [[highlife]].<ref name=":7" /> Katika miaka ya 1940 na 1950, ujio wa rekodi za muziki wa [[Cuba]] ulichochea kuzaliwa kwa mtindo maarufu wa [[Rumba ya Kongo]].<ref name=":223">{{Cite web |last=Mukuna |first=Kazadi wa |date=7 December 2014 |title=A brief history of popular music in DRC |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/brief-history-popular-music-drc |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> Kufikia miaka ya 1960 na 1970, rumba ilizalisha miondoko ya kasi kama vile soukous, na baadaye ndombolo mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990.<ref name=":53">{{Cite book |last=Stewart |first=Gary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKEHO1z413EC&q=Belgium+and+the+Congo+once+again+unimpeded,+a+Belgian+entrepreneur+named+Fernand+Janssens+had+come+to+L%C3%A9opoldville+with+a+portable,+direct-to-disc+recording+machine. |title=Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos |date=17 November 2003 |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-85984-368-0 |pages=134–136}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Falola |first1=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ndombolo+derived+from+soukous&pg=PT419 |title=Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes] |last2=Jean-Jacques |first2=Daniel |date=14 December 2015 |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |isbn=979-8-216-04273-0 |location=Santa Barbara, California, United States}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili na ala == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ina makabila yanayozidi 250 yaliyogawanywa katika makundi makuu manne ya lugha: Kibantu, Sudani ya Kati, Niloti, na Wapigmi.<ref name=":28">{{Cite web |last=Malu-Malu |first=Arthur |date=5 January 2026 |title=RDC: l'élément ethnique prend-il de l'ampleur dans le débat public? |trans-title=DRC: Is the ethnic element gaining prominence in the public debate? |url=https://www.makanisi.org/rdc-lelement-ethnique-prend-il-de-lampleur-dans-le-debat-public/ |access-date=10 February 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kila kabila lina mila na ala zake za kipekee za kimuziki. Mbali na burudani, baadhi ya ala kama vile ngoma za ''lokole'' zilitumika kihistoria kuwasilisha jumbe za siri kati ya vijiji kupitia milio maalum.<ref name=":26">{{Cite web |last=Malonga |first=Samuel |date=10 September 2022 |title=Les instruments des musiques traditionnelles du Congo |trans-title=The Instruments of Traditional Congolese Music |url=https://www.mbokamosika.com/2022/09/les-instruments-des-musiques-traditionnelles-du-congo.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Mbokamosika |language=fr}}</ref> === Ala za upepo (Aerophones) === Ala hizi zinajumuisha filimbi na parapanda zinazotengenezwa kwa vifaa vya asili kama mianzi, miti, na mimea yenye mashimo ndani. Filimbi za kuvukisha upepo na filimbi za puani zinatumika sana na makabila mbalimbali kama vile Shi, Hema, na Yanzi.<ref name=":26" /> === Ala za nyuzi (Chordophones) === Zinatengenezwa kwa nyuzi za asili kama vile nyuzi za raphia, magome ya miti, au waya wa chuma. Baadhi ya ala zinazojulikana ni pamoja na vinubi vya kupinda (arched harps kama ''kundi''), fimbo za muziki (stick zither), na uta wa muziki (musical bow).<ref name=":26" /> === Ala za kujitetemesha (Idiophones) === Ala maarufu zaidi katika kundi hili ni sanza (au likembe/thumb piano), ambayo inajumuisha kijisanduku cha mbao chenye vipande vya chuma au mianzi vinavyopigwa kwa vidole. Sanza imechukua nafasi kubwa katika kuhamasisha miondoko ya gitaa la pekee (solo guitar) katika muziki wa kisasa wa Kongo.<ref name=":26" /> Kundi hili pia linajumuisha maracas za kienyeji, kengele, na ngoma za mbao za ''lokole''.<ref name=":26" /> === Ngoma za ngozi (Membranophones) === Ngoma zinazotengenezwa kwa magome ya miti na ngozi ya wanyama (kama ng'ombe, mbuzi, au swala) huchukuliwa kama "mfalme" wa ala za asili. Zinatoa mdundo mkuu unaoongoza dansi katika sherehe na matukio mbalimbali ya kijamii.<ref name=":26" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/brief-history-popular-music-drc Brief history of popular music in DRC] - Music in Africa {{Music of Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo| ]] md1ihsmi4n7k46wnfndsf6qryklllmh 1612081 1612072 2026-10-30T16:49:26Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 9 template(s) replaced. 1612081 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Papa Wemba and Koffi Olomide, 1988.jpg|250px|Papa Wemba na Koffi Olomide wakitumbuiza mwaka 1988]]<br /><small>[[Papa Wemba]] na [[Koffi Olomide]], nguli wa muziki wa Soukous, wakitumbuiza mwaka 1988</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #2e8b57; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | Rumba ya Kongo, soukous, ndombolo, maringa na muziki wa jadi |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazohusishwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Sanza (likembe), gitaa, ngoma za asili (tam-tam), lokole na pluriarc |} '''Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo''' unajumuisha mila na mitindo mbalimbali ya kitamaduni.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=87hiSNu_wHQC |title=Commodities and Globalization: Anthropological Perspectives |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2000 |editor-last=Haugerud |editor-first=Angelique |location=Lanham, Maryland, United States |pages=34–49 |isbn=0-8476-9943-9 |language=English |editor-last2=Stone |editor-first2=Margaret Priscilla |editor-last3=Little |editor-first3=Peter D.}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=22 January 2022 |title=Beneath the rhythm, Congolese rumba is a link to the past |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/culture/2022/01/22/beneath-the-rhythm-congolese-rumba-is-a-link-to-the-past |access-date=22 August 2023 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Muziki wa asili hutumika kwa burudani, kuwasilisha desturi, hisia, na maadili ya kijamii katika sherehe za kuzaliwa, ndoa, jando, na misiba.<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Enyimo |first=Martin |date=6 August 2005 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Instruments et cris traditionnels dans le folklore congolais |trans-title=Congo-Kinshasa: Traditional Instruments and Cries in Congolese Folklore |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200508070001.html |access-date=29 July 2025 |website=[[Le Potentiel]] |language=fr |publication-place=Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo}}</ref> Miondoko ya Kikongo imekuwa na mchango mkubwa sana katika kuunda mitindo ya muziki barani Afrika na kwingineko.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Sohonie |first=Vik |date=12 November 2021 |title=Analysis: Musical Roots Run Deep in the Congo |url=https://www.theelephant.info/analysis/2021/11/12/musical-roots-run-deep-in-the-congo/ |access-date=29 July 2026 |website=The Elephant |language=en-US}}</ref> Muziki maarufu wa kisasa ulianza kukua sambamba na upanuzi wa miji katika miaka ya 1930, ambapo wasanii wa hapa walipata fursa ya kusikiliza mitindo ya kimataifa kama vile [[rumba ya Cuba]], [[jazz]], [[blues]], na [[highlife]].<ref name=":7" /> Katika miaka ya 1940 na 1950, ujio wa rekodi za muziki wa [[Cuba]] ulichochea kuzaliwa kwa mtindo maarufu wa [[Rumba ya Kongo]].<ref name=":223">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mukuna |first=Kazadi wa |date=7 December 2014 |title=A brief history of popular music in DRC |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/brief-history-popular-music-drc |access-date=25 August 2023 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> Kufikia miaka ya 1960 na 1970, rumba ilizalisha miondoko ya kasi kama vile soukous, na baadaye ndombolo mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1990.<ref name=":53">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Stewart |first=Gary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gKEHO1z413EC&q=Belgium+and+the+Congo+once+again+unimpeded,+a+Belgian+entrepreneur+named+Fernand+Janssens+had+come+to+L%C3%A9opoldville+with+a+portable,+direct-to-disc+recording+machine. |title=Rumba on the River: A History of the Popular Music of the Two Congos |date=17 November 2003 |publisher=[[Verso Books]] |isbn=978-1-85984-368-0 |pages=134–136}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Falola |first1=Toyin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UOTNEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ndombolo+derived+from+soukous&pg=PT419 |title=Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes] |last2=Jean-Jacques |first2=Daniel |date=14 December 2015 |publisher=[[ABC-Clio]] |isbn=979-8-216-04273-0 |location=Santa Barbara, California, United States}}</ref> == Muziki wa asili na ala == Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ina makabila yanayozidi 250 yaliyogawanywa katika makundi makuu manne ya lugha: Kibantu, Sudani ya Kati, Niloti, na Wapigmi.<ref name=":28">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Malu-Malu |first=Arthur |date=5 January 2026 |title=RDC: l'élément ethnique prend-il de l'ampleur dans le débat public? |trans-title=DRC: Is the ethnic element gaining prominence in the public debate? |url=https://www.makanisi.org/rdc-lelement-ethnique-prend-il-de-lampleur-dans-le-debat-public/ |access-date=10 February 2026 |website=Makanisi |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kila kabila lina mila na ala zake za kipekee za kimuziki. Mbali na burudani, baadhi ya ala kama vile ngoma za ''lokole'' zilitumika kihistoria kuwasilisha jumbe za siri kati ya vijiji kupitia milio maalum.<ref name=":26">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Malonga |first=Samuel |date=10 September 2022 |title=Les instruments des musiques traditionnelles du Congo |trans-title=The Instruments of Traditional Congolese Music |url=https://www.mbokamosika.com/2022/09/les-instruments-des-musiques-traditionnelles-du-congo.html |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Mbokamosika |language=fr}}</ref> === Ala za upepo (Aerophones) === Ala hizi zinajumuisha filimbi na parapanda zinazotengenezwa kwa vifaa vya asili kama mianzi, miti, na mimea yenye mashimo ndani. Filimbi za kuvukisha upepo na filimbi za puani zinatumika sana na makabila mbalimbali kama vile Shi, Hema, na Yanzi.<ref name=":26" /> === Ala za nyuzi (Chordophones) === Zinatengenezwa kwa nyuzi za asili kama vile nyuzi za raphia, magome ya miti, au waya wa chuma. Baadhi ya ala zinazojulikana ni pamoja na vinubi vya kupinda (arched harps kama ''kundi''), fimbo za muziki (stick zither), na uta wa muziki (musical bow).<ref name=":26" /> === Ala za kujitetemesha (Idiophones) === Ala maarufu zaidi katika kundi hili ni sanza (au likembe/thumb piano), ambayo inajumuisha kijisanduku cha mbao chenye vipande vya chuma au mianzi vinavyopigwa kwa vidole. Sanza imechukua nafasi kubwa katika kuhamasisha miondoko ya gitaa la pekee (solo guitar) katika muziki wa kisasa wa Kongo.<ref name=":26" /> Kundi hili pia linajumuisha maracas za kienyeji, kengele, na ngoma za mbao za ''lokole''.<ref name=":26" /> === Ngoma za ngozi (Membranophones) === Ngoma zinazotengenezwa kwa magome ya miti na ngozi ya wanyama (kama ng'ombe, mbuzi, au swala) huchukuliwa kama "mfalme" wa ala za asili. Zinatoa mdundo mkuu unaoongoza dansi katika sherehe na matukio mbalimbali ya kijamii.<ref name=":26" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/brief-history-popular-music-drc Brief history of popular music in DRC] - Music in Africa {{Music of Africa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muziki Wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo| ]] j616mvrlztbzdp3z8g0dorxub3qvu4l 0 256461 1612085 2026-10-30T18:12:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phindiwe Dlamini-Sangweni''' (alizaliwa [[2 Desemba]] [[1963]], akiwa na jina la '''Princess Phindiwe Rita Dlamini''') ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa chama cha ''African National Congress'' na Mwenyekiti wa ''Purple Tree Holdings'', kampuni binafsi. Dlamini-Sangweni ni binti wa kifalme mkuu katika [[familia]] ya kifalme ya ''Nhlangwini'', binti wa kifalme wa Familia ya Kifalme ya Wazulu, na binamu wa Mswati III, Mfalme wa [[Swaziland]]. Anakadiriwa kuwa na mali yenye thamani ya dola za [[Marekani]] milioni 30, kutokana na uwekezaji mbalimbali na hisa anazomiliki katika masoko ya hisa ya ''New York Stock Exchange'' na ''Johannesburg Stock Exchange''. Dlamini-Sangweni alikuwa mkurugenzi wa kwanza [[mwanamke]] na mtu mweusi wa kwanza wa Mahakama ya Katiba ya Afrika Kusini, ambako alihudumu kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2005. == Maisha ya awali == Dlamini-Sangweni alizaliwa katika mji wa Ixopo. Wazazi wake walikuwa Inkosi C Dlamini na Inkosikati H Dlamini. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] miwili, familia yake ilihamia Umzinto. Mwaka 1980, alihitimu masomo yake katika shule ya wasichana ya ''Sacred Heart College for Girls'', iliyopo Verulam.<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Phindiwe_Sangweni</ref><ref>https://jglforensics.co.za/celebrating-south-africas-most-successful-women/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Afrika Kusini]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5gwgcyl5507vbpfse39s7ja5o33t9w9 0 256462 1612086 2026-10-30T18:23:07Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hope Ruhindi Mwesigye''' ni [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uganda]]. Aliwahi kuwa Waziri wa Kilimo, Mifugo na Uvuvi kuanzia tarehe 16 Februari 2009 hadi 27 Mei 2011. Kabla ya hapo, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Nchi anayeshughulikia [[Serikali]] za Mitaa kuanzia Juni 2006 hadi Februari 2011. Katika mabadiliko ya Baraza la Mawaziri yaliyofanyika tarehe 27 Mei 2011, aliondolewa katika baraza hilo na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Tress Bucyanayandi. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alizaliwa [[28 Desemba]] [[1956]] katika Wilaya ya Kabale. Alisoma katika [[shule ya sekondari]] ya Kabale High School kwa elimu ya kiwango cha O-Level, na katika Trinity College Nabbingo kwa elimu ya kiwango cha A-Level. Bi. Mwesigye aliendelea na masomo katika [[Makerere University]], ambako alipata shahada ya sheria (''Bachelor of Law'') yenye heshima. Pia ana Stashahada ya Mafunzo ya Utaalamu wa Sheria kutoka ''Law Development Center'', iliyopo Kampala. Aidha, alipata [[shahada ya uzamili]] ya sanaa (MA) katika masomo ya [[Wanawake]] na Jinsia.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/hope-mwesigye-maintains-her-innocence-in-chogm-scandal?districtId=730</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/i-was-tricked-by-museveni-to-back-term-limit-removal-1723850#goog_rewarded</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200709120187.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} bg66d5jelpa73lja4z5a7kpz3l67koy 0 256463 1612087 2026-10-30T18:33:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Miss Swaziland 08 Tiffany Simelane.jpg|thumb|Tiffany Simelane]] '''Tiffany Simelane''' ([[1988]] – [[17 Agosti]] [[2009]]) alikuwa [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Eswatini]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Aliiwakilisha nchi ya Swaziland katika mashindano ya ''Miss World 2008'' yaliyofanyika [[Afrika Kusini]]. Utawala wake kama ''Miss Swaziland'' ulianza tarehe 26 Julai 2008 na kumalizika tarehe 17 Agosti 2009, alipofariki kwa kujiua. == Miss Swaziland == Baada ya kutangazwa kuwa mshindi wa taji la ''Miss Swaziland'', alimweleza rafiki yake kuwa mara tu baada ya kushinda aliambiwa kwamba angelazimika kugharamia mwenyewe matumizi yake yote, yakiwemo gharama za [[mavazi]], ili aweze kusafiri kushiriki mashindano ya ''Miss World''. Jambo hili lilikuwa chanzo kikubwa cha kutokubaliana kati yake na wadhamini pamoja na waandaaji wa mashindano hayo. Waandaaji nao walieleza kutoridhishwa kwao na Simelane, wakifichua kuwa alikuwa akitoweka bila taarifa yoyote, jambo lililosababisha mabishano zaidi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055234/http://www.observer.org.sz/index.php?news=6665</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Eswatini]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} shf36zpkb3xa85devq810y8qkzt8l1b 0 256464 1612088 2026-10-30T18:40:39Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612088 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Adebisi Sosan''' (alizaliwa [[11 Februari]] [[1956]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Nigeria]] na [[mwalimu]] wa zamani. Alihudumu kama Naibu Gavana wa [[Lagos State]] kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi 2011. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Mama yake anatoka katika [[familia]] ya kifalme ya Fafunwa Onikoyi, iliyoko Ita-Onikoyi, Idumota, Lagos Island. Baba yake alikuwa mwanachama wa chama cha zamani cha ''Action Group (AG)'' na ''Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN''), hivyo alikuwa mfuasi wa muda mrefu wa Obafemi Awolowo. Kutokana na ukoo wake wa upande wa mama, aliyekuwa Naibu Gavana anatumia cheo cha kimila cha Kiyoruba cha Omoba.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110615075722/https://www.lagosstate.gov.ng/index.php?page=principalofficerdetail&poid=222&mnu=module&mnusub=ministry&mpid=27&pocat=ministry&pocatsub=27</ref><ref>https://successfulsocieties.princeton.edu/interviews/sarah-adebisi-sosan</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} q9z4dbtnw8pv0x1e5r949ljs06ukdz0 0 256465 1612090 2026-10-30T18:49:21Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612090 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Simon''' (alizaliwa mwaka [[1962]]) ni [[mwandishi wa habari]] kutoka [[Eritrea]]. == Maisha ya awali == Simon alifanya kazi na ''Eritrean People's Liberation Front'' wakati wa Vita vya Uhuru wa Eritrea, akiongoza machapisho yake ya siri. Pia aliwahi kuwa mhariri mkuu wa jarida la Bana, lililochapishwa na Chama cha Kuwasaidia [[Wanawake]] Wapiganaji wa Eritrea Kurudi katika Maisha ya Kawaida. Baada ya vita, alikamatwa tarehe 25 Aprili 1997 na [[serikali]] ya Eritrea alipokuwa akifanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari wa ''Agence France-Presse (AFP''). ''Committee to Protect Journalists'', shirika lenye makao yake nchini [[Marekani]], lilieleza kuwa alikamatwa kwa kuripoti madai ya kauli ya Rais [[Isaias Afwerki|Isaias Afewerki]] kwamba [[wanajeshi]] wa Eritrea walikuwa wakipigana pamoja na makundi ya waasi kutoka [[Sudan]]. Chama cha ''People's Front for Democracy and Justice'', kinachoongozwa na Afewerki, kilitoa taarifa siku moja baada ya ripoti yake, kikiita taarifa hiyo upotoshaji mkubwa na kueleza kuwa majeshi ya Eritrea hayakushiriki katika Vita vya Pili vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Sudan. Simon alikuwa mwandishi wa habari wa kwanza kukamatwa nchini Eritrea tangu nchi hiyo ipate uhuru wake miaka minne iliyotangulia.<ref>https://cpj.org/awards/simon-bio/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Eritrea]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} ff3m3y7bh5c2ib2l5n2aqvf4lzvd947 0 256466 1612092 2026-10-30T19:05:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612092 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Turai Yar'Adua.jpg|thumb|Turai Yar'Adua]] '''Turai Umar Musa Yar'Adua''' (alizaliwa [[26 Julai]] [[1957]]) ni mjane wa aliyekuwa Rais wa zamani wa [[Nigeria]] na Gavana wa zamani wa [[Katsina State]], Umaru Musa Yar'Adua. Alihudumu kama Mke wa Rais wa Nigeria kuanzia mwaka 2007 hadi kifo cha mumewe tarehe 5 Mei 2010. == Elimu == Akiwa mtoto, alisoma katika shule ya msingi ya ''Garama Primary School'' mjini Katsina, kisha akaendelea na masomo katika [[shule ya sekondari]] ya wasichana ya serikali ya ''Government Girls Secondary'' ''School'', iliyoko Kankiya, pia katika jimbo la Katsina. Turai Yar'Adua pia alisoma katika ''Katsina College of Arts'', ''Science and Technology'', iliyoko Zaria, jimbo la Kaduna. Inaripotiwa kuwa alitajwa kuwa [[mwanafunzi]] bora mwaka 1980. Mwaka 1983, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya lugha katika ''Ahmadu Bello University''. == Maisha binafsi == Turai alifunga ndoa na Umaru Yar'Adua mwaka 1975, na walipata [[watoto]] watano wa kike na wawili wa kiume. Wanawe wawili wa kiume ni Shehu Umaru Musa Yar'adua na Musa Umaru Musa Yar'adua.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201001150880.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070930002418/http://www.leadershipnigeria.com/product_info.php?%20products_id=7136</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070930153942/http://www.thisdayonline.com/nview.php?id=83775</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 5aidmwd8bui3x14hfn9sphk9l93wodd 0 256467 1612093 2026-10-30T19:16:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612093 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Blanca Padilla J. Mendel SS 15 Show.jpg|thumb|Blanca Padilla]] '''Blanca Padilla''' (alizaliwa [[7 Januari]] [[1995]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]] ambaye amefanya kazi na chapa mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Givenchy'' na ''Victoria's Secret''. Ameelezewa kuwa miongoni mwa wanamitindo wa Hispania wanaofahamika zaidi katika tasnia ya kimataifa ya uanamitindo. Padilla anawakilishwa na ''Next Management'', wakala ambao pia unawakilisha wanamitindo Abby Champion, Selena Forrest, Grace Hartzel, Lineisy Montero, Karmen Pedaru na Binx Walton. == Kazi na taaluma == Padilla alianza kazi ya uanamitindo baada ya kugunduliwa na wakala mmoja alipokuwa akisafiri kwa [[treni]] ya chini ya ardhi jijini [[Madrid]], akiwa [[mwanafunzi]] katika ''ESIC Business & Marketing School''. Kufikia mwaka 2014, alikuwa amesaini mkataba na ''NEXT Model Management''. Mwezi Februari 2014, alitunukiwa [[tuzo]] ya “Mwanamitindo Bora wa Kike wa Mwaka” katika toleo la 59 la ''Mercedes-Benz Madrid Fashion Week'', kutokana na umaridadi wake.<ref>https://models.com/models/blanca-padilla</ref><ref>https://www.harpersbazaar.com/es/belleza/maquillaje-belleza/a28318439/blanca-padilla-modelo-vida-confesiones-entrevista/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} lerhza1jxsjfp5gs9ndwpdgty1wkbe6 0 256468 1612094 2026-10-30T19:24:48Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Africa Peñalver at Paco Rabanne Fall-Winter 2020-2021, headshot.jpg|thumb|Africa Peñalver]] '''África Peñalver Roland''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Wateja wake wanajumuisha chapa za ''Dolce & Gabbana'', Ralph Lauren na Versace. Pia ameonekana katika matoleo ya jarida la ''Harper's Bazaar'' la Hispania na [[Uingereza]], pamoja na matoleo mbalimbali ya kimataifa ya jarida la ''Vogue''. Tovuti ya ''Models.com'' imemwelezea Peñalver kuwa [[mwanamke]] mwenye uzuri wa kipekee, huku pia ikieleza kuwa ana mwonekano wenye mvuto wa asili na sifa zinazomtofautisha kidogo na wengine. == Maisha ya awali == Peñalver alisoma katika ''Lycée Français de Valence'', shule ya sekondari inayotumia lugha ya Kifaransa kama lugha kuu ya ufundishaji, iliyoko Valencia. Kabla ya kuanza kazi ya uanamitindo, alikuwa akijihusisha na mchezo wa kupanda na kuendesha farasi.<ref>https://models.com/models/africa-penalver/client/all</ref><ref>https://www.lavanguardia.com/de-moda/20170708/423958780323/africa-penalver-modelo-paris.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} pktewtiyaux6eujp5ifl47pu5n558as 1612095 1612094 2026-10-30T19:26:11Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1612095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Africa Peñalver at Paco Rabanne Fall-Winter 2020-2021, headshot.jpg|thumb|Africa Peñalver]] '''África Peñalver Roland''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Wateja wake wanajumuisha chapa za ''Dolce & Gabbana'', Ralph Lauren na Versace. Pia ameonekana katika matoleo ya jarida la ''Harper's Bazaar'' la Hispania na [[Uingereza]], pamoja na matoleo mbalimbali ya kimataifa ya jarida la ''Vogue''. Tovuti ya ''Models.com'' imemwelezea Peñalver kuwa [[mwanamke]] mwenye uzuri wa kipekee, huku pia ikieleza kuwa ana mwonekano wenye mvuto wa asili na sifa zinazomtofautisha kidogo na wengine. == Maisha ya awali == Peñalver alisoma katika ''Lycée Français de Valence'', shule ya sekondari inayotumia lugha ya Kifaransa kama lugha kuu ya ufundishaji, iliyoko Valencia. Kabla ya kuanza kazi ya uanamitindo, alikuwa akijihusisha na mchezo wa kupanda na kuendesha farasi.<ref>https://models.com/models/africa-penalver/client/all</ref><ref>https://www.lavanguardia.com/de-moda/20170708/423958780323/africa-penalver-modelo-paris.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 4p0pyj42jxmlrfsxg4ie4plv22stq9j 0 256469 1612096 2026-10-30T19:35:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:080 Barcelona 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Malena Costa ]] '''Malena Costa Sjögren''' (alizaliwa [[31 Agosti]] [[1989]], katika mji wa Alcúdia, kisiwa cha Majorca) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa matangazo kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 11 pekee, alianza kushiriki katika maonyesho ya mavazi. Mwaka 2005, alishiriki katika mashindano ya ''Elite Model Look'' 2005 yaliyoandaliwa na ''Elite Model Management'', na kufanikiwa kuwa mshiriki wa mwisho aliyeshika nafasi ya sita. Mwaka 2007, alishiriki katika mashindano ya urembo ya ''Miss Balears''. Mwaka 2006, alishiriki katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha ''Super Modelo'' na kuanza kazi yake ya uanamitindo kwa kushirikiana na kampuni mbalimbali kama ''Swatch'' na ''Don Cotton''. Ameonekana katika machapisho mbalimbali ya mitindo, yakiwemo jarida la ''Vogue''. Pia alisaini [[mkataba]] na kampuni ya ''Model Management''. == Maisha binafsi == Baba yake ni Mhispania kutoka Majorca, huku mama yake akiwa raia wa [[Uswidi]]. [[Familia]] yake inaishi katika eneo la ''Port of Alcudia''. Malena ana urefu wa mita 1.73 (futi 5 na inchi 8). Anapenda kuendesha farasi, kuchora na kufanya mazoezi ya kuendesha baiskeli ya mazoezi. Aliwahi kuwa katika uhusiano wa kimapenzi na Javier Hidalgo, mwana wa Rais wa [[kampuni]] ya usafiri ya ''Halcón Viajes''.<ref>https://www.magazinespain.com/asi-eran-asi-son-malena-costa-2008-2017/</ref><ref>https://www.bekia.es/celebrities/noticias/malena-costa-primera-foto-hija-matilda-ser-enamorarme-locamente/</ref><ref>https://www.europapress.es/chance/gente/noticia-malena-costa-celebra-seis-meses-hijo-mario-gran-cambio-vida-20180116134756.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 8lna2e6n7gnvag3mhtj3g44mz02mqb4 0 256470 1612136 2026-10-31T06:02:38Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612136 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ariadne Artiles 2016.jpg|thumb|Ariadne Artiles ]] '''Ariadne Artiles Cardeñosa''' (alizaliwa [[18 Januari]] [[1982]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16, alifanikiwa kufika hatua ya washiriki wa mwisho katika mashindano ya ''Elite Model Look.'' Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, alifanya kazi katika soko la [[Marekani]], ambako alionekana katika kampeni ya matangazo ya ''Abercrombie & Fitch'' iliyopigwa picha na Bruce Weber. Pia alifanya kazi za uanamitindo kwa majarida ya ''Vogue, Marie Claire'' na ''Glamour''. Jarida la ''Glamour'' lilimtaja kuwa mwanamitindo mpya aliyeng'ara mwaka 2006. Baadae, aliunganisha kazi ya uanamitindo na uandishi pamoja na miradi ya kibiashara. Miongoni mwa kazi hizo ni vitabu viwili vinavyohusu kujitunza na malezi ya [[watoto]], pamoja na Pura Vida, jengo la fleti za makazi lililoko karibu na ufukwe kusini mwa kisiwa cha ''Gran Canaria'', ambalo anamiliki. == Maisha ya awali == Alipewa jina kutokana na binti wa kifalme wa Krete katika mitholojia ya [[Ugiriki]]. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, alifanikiwa kufika hatua ya washiriki wa mwisho katika mashindano ya ''Elite Model Look'', pamoja na Laura Sánchez, Priscila na Helen Lindes. Baadae alihamia Madrid ili kumalizia masomo yake, lakini aliacha mpango wake wa kuwa [[mwanasaikolojia]] baada ya kupata fursa mbalimbali za kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>https://www.hola.com/biografias/ariadne-artiles/</ref><ref>https://www.xlsemanal.com/actualidad/20150614/ariadne-artiles-cierta-mafia-8546.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} c1y7316b1vlrsgbdc6b1yvqzeuq64ih 0 256471 1612139 2026-10-31T06:18:00Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612139 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2023 - Almudena Fernández.jpg|thumb|Almudena Fernández]] '''Almudena Fernández''' (alizaliwa [[1 Januari]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Maisha ya awali == Alilelewa jijini [[Madrid]] na kushiriki katika mashindano ya ''Supermodel of the World'' alipokuwa akisoma shule ya sekondari. Katika mashindano hayo alishika nafasi ya pili. == Uanamitindo == Fernández amewahi kuonekana kwenye majalada ya majarida mbalimbali ya mitindo, yakiwemo Elle, Marie Claire, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Madame Figaro, Shape, Biba, Joyce na Harper's Bazaar, pamoja na majarida mengine. Picha zake zimepigwa na wapiga picha mbalimbali, akiwemo Michael Thompson, Ruben Afanador na Raphael Mazzucco.<ref>https://spain1.es/news/almudena-fernandez.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} fgrtiwivxmylalvkz7psog7kogvhv63 0 256472 1612140 2026-10-31T06:25:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Martina Klein Korn.jpg|thumb|Martina Klein Korn]] '''Martina Klein Korin''' (alizaliwa Buenos Aires, [[7 Desemba]] [[1976]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]], mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]] na [[mchekeshaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Argentina]] na [[Hispania]]. == Maisha ya awali == Klein alizaliwa nchini Argentina. Familia yake ilihamia [[Barcelona]] alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 12. == Kazi na taaluma == Akiwa na umri wa miaka 15, Klein alianza kazi yake ya uanamitindo nchini Hispania. Alishiriki katika maonesho mbalimbali ya mavazi, yakiwemo ''Milan Fashion Week, Paris Fashion Week, Cibeles Madrid Fashion Week'' na ''New York Fashion Week''. Alionekana katika kampeni za matangazo za bidhaa za makampuni mbalimbali, yakiwemo Yves Rocher, El Corte Inglés, Trident, Mango, Wella, Pronovias na Don Algodón. Pia alionekana katika majarida ya mitindo kama vile Cosmopolitan, Elle na Marie Claire.<ref>https://www.lavanguardia.com/gente/quien/20150531/54431981769/martina-klein-propuestas-deshonestas-no-atrevian.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190328065403/https://us.hola.com/biografias/martina-klein/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} fj27wndbb5xtjelk14hnema0th8f3nx 0 256473 1612141 2026-10-31T06:31:34Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Ponte y Martínez''' (alizaliwa [[9 Juni]] [[1973]] mjini Vigo) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Hispania]]. Ni binti wa José Manuel Ponte Mittelbrunn (alizaliwa mwaka 1942) na mke wake Marcela Martínez Zapico (alizaliwa mwaka 1945). Aliingia katika tasnia ya mitindo mwaka 1993 na amefanya kazi na wabunifu na kampuni za mitindo kama ''Valentino'', ''Lagerfeld'' na ''Ralph Lauren'', miongoni mwa wengine. Aliolewa na Luis Beltrán Ataulfo Alfonso Gómez-Acebo y Borbón (alizaliwa Madrid, 20 Mei 1973) 18 Septemba 2004, katika La Granja de San Ildefonso, mjini Segovia. Mume wake ni mtoto wa Infanta Pilar, Duchess of Badajoz, na mpwa wa Mfalme Juan Carlos I wa Hispania. Wana [[watoto]] wawili, Luis Felipe na Laura. Inaripotiwa kuwa wanandoa hao walitengana mwezi Mei 2010.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0690586/</ref><ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/laura-ponte</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} ha3tg6el55d9zsyd7v3g5cp3v58m6dd 0 256474 1612142 2026-10-31T06:38:43Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ángela María Ponce Camacho''' (alizaliwa [[18 Januari]] [[1991]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Hispania]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alishinda taji la ''Miss Universe Spain 2018''. Tarehe 29 Juni 2018, Ponce aliweka historia kwa kuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza aliyejitambulisha wazi kuwa ni mtu aliyebadili jinsia kushinda taji la Miss Spain. Aliiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe 2018'', akiwa mshiriki wa kwanza aliyejitambulisha wazi kuwa ni mtu aliyebadili jinsia kushindania taji hilo. Hata hivyo, hakufanikiwa kufuzu hatua ya fainali. == Kazi na taaluma == Ponce alishiriki katika mashindano ya ''Miss World Cádiz 2015'' na kushinda taji hilo. Baada ya ushindi huo, aliiwakilisha Cádiz katika mashindano ya ''Miss World Spain 2015''. Katika mashindano hayo hakupata nafasi yoyote ya ushindi. Tarehe 29 Juni 2018, alishiriki katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe Spain 2018'' na kushinda taji hilo, na hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza aliyejitambulisha wazi kuwa ni mtu aliyebadili jinsia kushinda taji hilo.<ref>https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/tendencias/2018/12/15/angela-ponce-su-biografia-69523.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180702163953/http://awardgoesto.com/angela-ponce-miss-universe-spain-2018/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} jbfrd3jte8fhpipkhqfegooecna5q5d 0 256475 1612145 2026-10-31T06:49:21Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sofía del Prado en 2017.jpg|thumb|Sofía del Prado]] '''Sofía del Prado Prieto''' (alizaliwa [[11 Februari]] [[1995]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Hispania]] na mshindi wa mataji ya mashindano ya urembo. Alishinda taji la ''Miss Universe Spain'' 2017 na kuiwakilisha Hispania katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe 2017'', ambako alifanikiwa kuingia katika washiriki kumi bora. == Maisha ya awali == Del Prado alizaliwa katika mkoa wa Albacete, Castilla-La Mancha, nchini Hispania. Alikulia katika mji wa Villarrobledo, Albacete. == Elimu == Mwaka 2015, Del Prado alijiunga na [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]] mjini [[Madrid]], Hispania. Alihitimu shahada ya Mahusiano ya Kimataifa. Pia alifanya mafunzo kwa vitendo katika kampuni ya kimataifa ya biashara ya mvinyo, katika idara ya Biashara ya Kimataifa. == Mashindano ya urembo == Tarehe 30 Julai 2015, Del Prado alikuwa mmoja wa washiriki wa mashindano ya ''Miss Universe Spain 2015''. Tarehe 24 Oktoba 2015, aliwakilisha Hispania katika mashindano ya ''Reina Hispanoamericana'' 2015 yaliyofanyika Santa Cruz, Bolivia, na kushinda mashindano hayo. Aidha, alishinda pia mataji ya ''Miss Sports'' na ''Miss Elegance Rosamar.'' Mwaka 2017, Del Prado alishiriki tena katika mashindano ya ''Miss Spain'' kwa mara ya pili. Tarehe 24 Septemba 2017, akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 23, alishinda taji la ''Miss Universe Spain'' 2017. Aliiwakilisha Hispania katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'' 2017 yaliyofanyika [[Las Vegas, Nevada]], na kufanikiwa kuingia katika washiriki kumi bora.<ref>https://www.eldigitaldealbacete.com/2017/09/25/la-albacetena-sofia-del-prado-gana-miss-universe-espana-representara-pais-miss-universo/</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7452140/characters/nm9453117/?ref_=ttfc_fcr_3_37</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 5n1py7p8wves7q9hjf2w0iuc4arxmnz 0 256476 1612146 2026-10-31T06:59:19Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elisabeth Reyes Villegas''' (alizaliwa [[25 Machi]] [[1985]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Hispania]], mtangazaji wa vipindi na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya uanamitindo === Tarehe 2 Aprili 2006, alishinda taji la ''Miss Spain'' 2006. Reyes alifanya upigaji picha kwa ajili ya katalogi za ''Ace & As'' na ''Blusens Teleno''. Pia alionyesha taji lake la ''Miss Spain'' katika vipindi vya ''Salsa rosa'' na ''Tan a gustito'', pamoja na jarida la [[Ujerumani]] la ''Gala''. === Kazi ya televisheni === Kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2009, Reyes aliendesha vipindi katika kituo cha ''Televisión Española''. Alishiriki katika kipindi cha mashindano ya kucheza dansi cha ''Mira quién Baila'' kilichoandaliwa na [[Televisheni]] ya Hispania, na kushika nafasi ya tatu akiwa pamoja na mwenzi wake. === Maisha binafsi === Mwaka 2008, Reyes alikuwa katika uhusiano wa kimapenzi na mchezaji wa soka wa Hispania [[Sergio Ramos]]. Mwezi Juni 2009, alianza uhusiano wa kimapenzi na mchezaji mwingine wa soka wa Hispania, Alexis.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100215075216/http://soccerlens.com/babes/elisabeth-reyes-miss-spain-has-her-very-own-defense/</ref><ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/elisabeth-reyes</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} funzswbyuabthzqhssxcs3onyj0neji 0 256477 1612147 2026-10-31T07:07:08Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alba Carrillo.png|thumb|Alba Carrillo]] '''Lucía del Alba Carrillo Pariente''' (Madrid, alizaliwa [[31 Julai]] [[1986]]), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Alba Carrillo''', ni [[mwanamitindo]] na mtangazaji wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kushiriki katika kipindi cha ''Supermodelo'' mwaka 2007. Ushiriki wake katika mashindano hayo ulimwezesha kuwa mwanamitindo mwakilishi wa bidhaa za ''Novissima, Eleonora Amadei'' na ''Evelyny Marcelino'', pamoja na chapa nyingine kama ''Rosa Clará, Brownie'' na ''Triumph''. Baadae, alisaini [[mkataba]] na ''Mediaset España'', ambako alianza kufanya kazi kama mtangazaji, mshiriki wa vipindi na mchangiaji katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni. == Wasifu == === Miaka ya awali === Alba Carrillo alizaliwa mjini [[Madrid]], ambako aliishi na kukulia pamoja na wazazi wake, Carlos Carrillo na Lucía Pariente. Alisomea Utangazaji na Mahusiano ya Umma katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha ''Complutense'' cha Madrid. Aliunganisha masomo hayo na kozi za Sanaa ya Uigizaji. Akiwa katika kipindi hicho cha masomo, aliamua kuomba kushiriki katika shindano la televisheni la ''Supermodelo'', lililorushwa hewani kupitia kituo cha Cuatro, na akamaliza kozi hiyo.<ref>https://www.formulatv.com/personas/alba-carrillo/</ref><ref>https://www.hola.com/biografias/alba-carrillo/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} d4344yluvxjewwqn7st0q41nh56bkl8 0 256478 1612148 2026-10-31T07:13:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jessica Goicocha - Gala Starlite 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Jessica Goicocha]] '''Jessica Goicoechea Jover''' (alizaliwa [[22 Novemba]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]], mshawishi wa mitandao ya kijamii, mbunifu wa mavazi na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alikataliwa na mashirika ya uanamitindo kutokana na urefu wake, lakini alijenga taaluma yake kupitia [[Instagram]] na baadae akafanya kazi na chapa mbalimbali kama Calvin Klein na Victoria's Secret. Mwaka 2019, alianzisha chapa ya mavazi ya Goi. Mwaka 2026, alifikia hatua ya fainali katika shindano la televisheni la ''El Desafío'' lililorushwa na kituo cha Antena 3. Pia alitangaza kuwa mahakama ilikuwa imetoa uamuzi kwa niaba yake katika kesi ya ukatili wa kijinsia iliyodumu kwa miaka sita dhidi ya aliyekuwa mwenzi wake, mwanamitindo River Viiperi. == Maisha ya awali na mwanzo wa kazi == Alianza kazi ya uanamitindo akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15 kupitia wakala wa 5th Avenue. Hata hivyo, akiwa na urefu wa mita 1.67, alikataliwa mara kwa mara na mashirika ya uanamitindo kutokana na urefu wake, ikiwemo katika majaribio ya kuchaguliwa kwa wanamitindo wa ''Victoria's Secret''.<ref>https://www.hola.com/actualidad/20260311888818/jessica-goicoechea-gana-el-juicio-contra-river-viiperi-por-violencia-de-genero/</ref><ref>https://www.lavanguardia.com/gente/20171204/433371988495/goicoechea-shopping-night.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} rqy16wym60n7w9epcpk2trnnniruil5 0 256479 1612150 2026-10-31T07:22:03Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maria Abellán''', anajulikana kisanii kama '''Sita Abellán''', ni DJ, [[mwanamitindo]], mbunifu wa mavazi na mpangaji wa mitindo kutoka [[Hispania]]. Alianza kazi yake katika uanamitindo na aligunduliwa kupitia maudhui aliyokuwa akichapisha kwenye ''Tumblr'' na [[Instagram]]. Baadae alipata umaarufu kama DJ wa muziki wa techno, mbunifu wa mavazi na vito vya mapambo, pamoja na mpangaji wa mitindo. Mtindo wake binafsi wa mavazi ni mchanganyiko wa mitindo ya vijana wa vilabu vya miaka ya 1990, mtindo wa wasichana wa Harajuku na mtindo wa goth unaohusishwa na mavazi ya dominatrix. == Kazi na taaluma == Abellán alizaliwa [[27 Machi]] [[1993]]. Alikulia mjini Murcia, kusini mwa Hispania. Mwaka 2013, alihamia [[Milano|Milan]], ambako alisomea Utangazaji na Mahusiano ya Umma katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Kikatoliki]] cha Moyo Mtakatifu. Baada ya hapo, alisaini [[mkataba]] na wakala wa wanamitindo wa ''Monster Management'', na kupata nafasi za kushiriki katika kampeni za matangazo na maonesho ya mavazi. Akiwa mtumiaji wa mara kwa mara wa ''Tumblr'' na ''Instagram'', mwaka 2015 maudhui yake yaligunduliwa na [[Rihanna]]. Baadae Rihanna alimchagua kuwa mwanamitindo katika video yake ya wimbo wa "''Bitch Better Have My Money''". Huo ulikuwa mwanzo wa ushirikiano mwingine kadhaa na watu mashuhuri.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/fashion/sita-abelln-dj-model-jeremy-scott-new-york-fashion-week.html</ref><ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/stylist-sita-abellan-j-balvin-interview-9324652/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 92fmk5tyxtq59ch26iplgyc4aytg4yf 0 256480 1612151 2026-10-31T07:29:44Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612151 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Andrea y Bimba.jpg|thumb|Bimba Bosé]] '''Eleonora Salvatore González''' ([[1 Oktoba]] [[1975]] – [[23 Januari]] [[2017]]), anajulikana kama '''Bimba Bosé''', alikuwa [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Jina lake la kisanii, Bimba, linamaanisha mtoto wa kike katika lugha ya Kiitaliano. Neno hilo ni kifupi cha neno bambina. == Historia ya familia == Bosé alizaliwa mjini Roma. Alikuwa binti wa mwanamke wa Hispania Lucía González Bosé, alijulikana kama Lucía Dominguín, na mume wake wa kwanza raia wa [[Italia]], Alessandro Salvatore. Alikulia katika [[familia]] yenye watoto sita pamoja naye. Alikuwa na ndugu mmoja wa baba na mama mmoja, kaka yake Rodolfo, alizaliwa mwaka 1980; ndugu watatu wa upande wa baba, Alessandro, Francesca na Alfonso; pamoja na dada wawili wa upande wa mama, Jara na Lucía Tristancho.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1889356/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070328201819/http://www.biosstars-mx.com/b/bimba_bose.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2017]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hispania]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} q1kwp9cyunc25q6nxywtvl5m4ngz4k6 0 256481 1612152 2026-10-31T07:37:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noelia López Vidal''' (alizaliwa [[10 Novemba]] [[1986]] mjini Lebrija, katika mkoa wa Sevilla, nchini [[Hispania]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa Hispania anajulikana kwa kushinda msimu wa pili wa shindano la [[televisheni]] la ''Hispania la Supermodelo 2007''. == Wasifu == López alishinda msimu wa pili wa shindano la televisheni la Hispania la ''Supermodelo'' 2007. Baada ya ushindi huo, alisaini [[mkataba]] na kampuni ya ''Alain Afflelou'' mjini [[Paris]]. Pia aliiwakilisha Hispania katika mashindano ya ''Elite Model Look'' ya mwaka 2007. Alihitimu masomo ya Ualimu mjini Sevilla. Alishiriki katika kampeni za matangazo ya mavazi na bidhaa za kampuni mbalimbali, zikiwemo Speedo, Jorge Blanco Couture, Velmont, BES, Chispazo, Cuetara, El Corte Inglés na Strena. Pia alishiriki katika maonesho ya mavazi ya wabunifu mbalimbali, wakiwemo Sara Coleman, Rappido, Diane Von Furstenberg, Guillermina Baeza, TOM-HOM na Hannibal Laguna Bridal, miongoni mwa wengine.<ref>https://www.hola.com/biografias/noelia-lopez/</ref><ref>https://www.europapress.es/chance/gente/noticia-noelia-lopez-novia-guti-seductora-muy-atrevida-20101027155206.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} m8m9t44oiu3xi75ys49rm2mh93sz1ih 0 256482 1612154 2026-10-31T07:44:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rosario Nadal.jpg|thumb|Rosario Nadal]] '''María del Rosario Nadal Fuster de Puigdórfila''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1968]]), anajulikana pia kama ''Princess of Preslav'', ni mshauri, mkurugenzi wa masuala ya sanaa na [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani kutoka [[Hispania]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[mwanamke]] aliyekuwa akimpa msukumo wa ubunifu mbunifu wa mitindo Valentino. Kwa sasa anafanya kazi kama mshauri huru kwa wakusanyaji binafsi wa sanaa na pia anahudumu kama naibu mkurugenzi wa ''Colección Jumex''. Yeye ni mwanachama wa ngazi ya juu wa [[familia]] ya kifalme ya [[Bulgaria]], kutokana na kuwa mke aliyetengana na Kyril, Prince of Preslav. Walitengana mwaka 2009. == Maisha ya awali == Alikuwa binti wa Doña Isabel Fuster de Puigdórfila y Villanova na Miguel Nadal y Bestard. Kwa kuzaliwa, yeye ni mwanachama wa tabaka la watu wenye vyeo vya kifahari nchini Hispania. Ni mjukuu wa Joaquín de Puigdórfila y Zaforteza, Count wa 9 wa Olocau. Familia yake inatokana na ukoo wa mfalme wa Waazteki Moctezuma II, kupitia binti yake Isabel Moctezuma.<ref>https://www.revistavanityfair.es/sociedad/celebrities/articulos/rosario-nadal-de-fiesta/17307</ref><ref>https://www.expansion.com/fueradeserie/personajes/2019/08/16/5d1b3cd5e5fdeae76f8b45da.html</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hkp77ivwoc748k9y6kfqz1esmiid5r0 0 256483 1612155 2026-10-31T07:54:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:XIII Prix Diálogo - Ceremonia de entrega (26929489404) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Isabel Preysler]] '''María Isabel Preysler Arrastía''' (alizaliwa [[18 Februari]] [[1951]]) ni mwanajamii maarufu na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] mwenye uraia wa [[Hispania]] na [[Ufilipino]]. Yeye ni mama wa waimbaji Enrique Iglesias na Julio Iglesias Jr., [[mwanahabari]] Chábeli Iglesias, Tamara Falcó, Marchioness wa 6 wa Griñón, na Ana Boyer Preysler. == Maisha ya awali == Preysler alizaliwa mjini Manila, nchini Ufilipino. Alikuwa mtoto wa tatu kati ya watoto sita katika [[familia]] tajiri yenye asili ya Wahispania wa Iberia na Wafilipino wenyeji. Alisoma katika shule ya ''Assumption Convent'' (sasa inajulikana kama ''Assumption College San Lorenzo''), ambayo ni shule binafsi ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] la Roma. Baba yake, Carlos Preysler y Pérez de Tagle, alikuwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Philippine Air Lines (sasa Philippine Airlines) na mmoja wa wajumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya Banco Español de Manila (sasa Bank of the Philippine Islands).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1923355/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080527035448/http://es.noticias.yahoo.com/ep0/20071218/tso-isabel-preysler-9b37dc8.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Hispania]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 0gxy8l4dvvn05bctmdc9ebrudlhknbx 0 256484 1612156 2026-10-31T08:03:51Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612156 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Georgina Rodriguez-1234.jpg|thumb|Georgina Rodriguez]] '''Georgina Rodríguez Hernández''' (alizaliwa [[27 Januari]] [[1994]]) ni mwanamke maarufu kwenye mitandao ya kijamii, [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] mwenye asili ya [[Argentina]] na [[Hispania]]. Alipata umaarufu kupitia uhusiano wake na mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Ureno]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]]. Uhusiano huo ulimfanya avutie usikivu wa [[vyombo vya habari]] na kumsaidia kujenga idadi kubwa ya wafuasi kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. Yeye ndiye mtayarishaji na mhusika mkuu wa kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha maisha halisi cha mwaka 2022 cha Netflix, kinachoitwa ''I Am Georgina''. == Maisha ya awali == Rodríguez alizaliwa mjini Buenos Aires, nchini Argentina. Baba yake alikuwa raia wa Argentina na mama yake alikuwa raia wa Hispania. Ana dada mmoja anayeitwa Ivana Rodríguez na dada mwingine wa kambo. Baba yake, Jorge Rodríguez, alitumikia kifungo cha miaka kumi [[gerezani]] nchini Hispania kwa kosa la biashara ya [[dawa za kulevya]]. Rodríguez alipokuwa na umri wa mwaka mmoja, mama yake alihamisha [[familia]] kutoka Argentina na kuishi katika mji wa Jaca, ulioko kaskazini mwa Hispania.<ref>https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/ultimas-noticias/2022/01/30/vai-casar-georgina-abre-o-jogo-sobre-relacao-com-cristiano-ronaldo.amp.htm</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/georgina-rodriguez</ref><ref>https://www.angelsproject.com/talents/2-georgina-rodriguez</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} kvbzyni1koa0mxwu6y5561mbm019vo1 0 256485 1612157 2026-10-31T08:10:22Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2024 - Blanca Romero.jpg|thumb|Blanca Romero]] '''Blanca Romero Ezama''' (alizaliwa [[2 Juni]] [[1976]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Maisha ya awali == Bibi yake wa kizazi cha tano alikuwa na asili ya [[Peru]], huku mmoja wa mababu zake wa kiume wa kizazi cha nne akiwa na asili ya jamii ya [[Waromani]]. == Kazi na taaluma == Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 14, alishiriki katika onesho lake la kwanza la mavazi katika duka la nguo mjini Gijón. Tukio hilo lilimfanya avutiwe na tasnia ya mitindo. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 17, alihamia [[Madrid]], na miaka miwili baadae akahamia [[Paris]] kufanya kazi na majarida ya mitindo kama Givenchy na Madame Figaro.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2861706/</ref><ref>https://www.hola.com/biografias/blanca-romero/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} dv4noigvq2j3flzcwix4vv7kxiam8u9 0 256486 1612158 2026-10-31T08:18:13Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1612158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalia Estrada''' (alizaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1972]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] mstaafu, [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Wasifu == Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15, alihamia [[Madrid]], ambako alisoma [[muziki]] na uigizaji, na kuwa dansi wa ''flamenco'' pamoja na dansi ya ''ballet'' ya kitamaduni. Alipata fursa ya kuonekana pamoja na Penélope Cruz katika kipindi cha muziki ''La quinta'' ''marcha'' kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1991, kilichorushwa na kituo cha televisheni cha Hispania cha ''Telecinco''. Estrada aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji wa mashindano ya ''Miss Spain'', pamoja na vipindi vya habari na matangazo ya televisheni ya mpira wa miguu.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0261850/</ref><ref>https://www.ranch-academy.com/info/natalia-estrada/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 1nf8j7ztjx5amqumdd3figcho6c2hft 3 256487 1612169 2026-10-31T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612169 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lzopmxakfamlonufe76uw87p13ejjjk 3 256488 1612170 2026-10-31T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612170 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lzopmxakfamlonufe76uw87p13ejjjk 3 256489 1612171 2026-10-31T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612171 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lzopmxakfamlonufe76uw87p13ejjjk 3 256490 1612172 2026-10-31T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612172 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lzopmxakfamlonufe76uw87p13ejjjk 3 256491 1612173 2026-10-31T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612173 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lzopmxakfamlonufe76uw87p13ejjjk 3 256492 1612174 2026-10-31T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612174 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256493 1612175 2026-10-31T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612175 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256494 1612176 2026-10-31T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612176 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256495 1612177 2026-10-31T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612177 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256496 1612178 2026-10-31T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612178 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256497 1612179 2026-10-31T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612179 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kp53uihskrz1kgto6seksyefijr29gf 3 256498 1612180 2026-10-31T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612180 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256499 1612181 2026-10-31T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612181 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256500 1612182 2026-10-31T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612182 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256501 1612183 2026-10-31T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612183 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256502 1612184 2026-10-31T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612184 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256503 1612185 2026-10-31T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612185 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) lf79nb2iqb1nxtx068ivsgii1rd5kay 3 256504 1612186 2026-10-31T09:51:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612186 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256505 1612187 2026-10-31T09:51:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612187 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256506 1612188 2026-10-31T09:51:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612188 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256507 1612189 2026-10-31T09:51:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612189 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256508 1612190 2026-10-31T09:51:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612190 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256509 1612191 2026-10-31T09:51:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612191 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) btprwodaeyxhrc2329ykk997yk4e9xy 3 256510 1612192 2026-10-31T09:52:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1612192 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) g0z425xhlbssrf05p8rlm21o18b9uf4 1 256511 1612197 2026-10-31T10:13:46Z HulkNorris 93008 /* Date of birth and death? */ mjadala mpya 1612197 wikitext text/x-wiki == Date of birth and death? == Can someone help here? '''[[Mtumiaji:HulkNorris|HulkNorris]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:HulkNorris|majadiliano]])''' 10:13, 31 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) cehm025h6x71q0j52uoiqr58tclvgad