Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.48.0-wmf.3 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 72 1613977 1612471 2026-11-05T19:53:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:JMR-Memphis1.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Mwanamke wa Haki]] ni ishara ya idara ya sheria.<ref>Hamilton, Marci. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ox4_vqFCjcEC&pg=PA296&dq=%22lady+justice%22+symbol&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=uXb8Se-IC4GuyATlm5SPBg God vs. the Gavel]'', page 296 (Cambridge University Press 2005): “The symbol of the judicial system, seen in courtrooms throughout the United States, is blindfolded Lady Justice.”</ref><ref>Fabri, Marco. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=AwwH0F8iC9QC&pg=PA137&dq=%22lady+justice%22+symbol&lr=&as_brr=3&ei=uXb8Se-IC4GuyATlm5SPBg The challenge of change for judicial systems]'', page 137 (IOS Press 2000): “the judicial system is intended to be apolitical, its symbol being that of a blindfolded Lady Justice holding balanced scales.”</ref> [[Haki]] inaonyeshwa kama [[mungu jike]] ambaye anabeba ishara [[tatu]] za [[utawala wa kisheria]]: [[upanga]] unaoashiria nguvu ya mahakama; [[mizani]] zinazoashiria upimaji wa madai yanayoshindana; na [[kitambaa]] kinachofunika macho kuashiria kutofanya upendeleo.<ref>Luban, ''Law's Blindfold'', 23</ref>]] '''Sheria''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]]; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''law'' <ref>from [[Old English]] ''lagu'' "Words of Mel"; ''legal'' comes from [[Latin]] ''legalis'', from ''[[translating "law" to other European languages|lex]]'' "law", "statute" ([http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=law&searchmode=none Law], Online Etymology Dictionary; [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/legal Legal], Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary)</ref>) ni [[mfumo]] wa [[kanuni]], ambazo kwa kawaida hutekelezwa kupitia seti ya [[taasisi]] maalumu.<ref>Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90; see "[[analytical jurisprudence]]" for extensive debate on what law is; in ''[[The Concept of Law]]'' Hart argued law is a "system of rules" (Campbell, ''The Contribution of Legal Studies'', 184); Austin said law was "the command of a sovereign, backed by the threat of a sanction" (Bix, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-john/#3 John Austin]); Dworkin describes law as an "interpretive concept" to achieve [[justice]] (Dworkin, ''Law's Empire'', 410); and Raz argues law is an "authority" to mediate people's interests (Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 3–36).</ref> Inaunda [[siasa]], [[uchumi]] na [[jamii]] kwa njia mbalimbali na huratibu mahusiano baina ya [[watu]]. [[Sheria ya mkataba]] huongoza kila kitu, kuanzia kununua [[tiketi]] ya [[basi]] hadi [[biashara]] katika [[Soko|masoko]]. [[Sheria ya mali]] inafafanua [[haki]] na [[wajibu]] unaohusiana na uhamisho wa jina la mali ya binafsi na [[mali ya kweli]]. [[Sheria ya hifadhi]] inatumika kwa mali yanayotumika kwa uwekezaji na usalama wa kifedha, huku [[sheria ya kukiuka wajibu]] inaruhusu madai ya [[fidia]] ikiwa haki au mali za mtu zinafanyiwa madhara. Ikiwa madhara ni kinyume cha sheria, [[sheria ya jinai]] inatoa mbinu zinazoweza kutumiwa na [[taifa]] ili kumshtaki mhusika. [[Sheria ya kikatiba]] inatoa utaratibu wa utungaji wa sheria, ulinzi wa [[haki za kibinadamu]] na [[uchaguzi]] wa wawakilishi wa kisiasa. [[Sheria ya utawala]] inatumika kuangalia upya maamuzi ya [[vyombo vya serikali]], huku [[sheria ya kimataifa]] inatawala shughuli baina ya [[nchi]] huru zinazohusu mambo kama vile [[biashara]], vikwazo vya kimazingira na hatua za [[Jeshi|kijeshi]]. Akiandika mnamo [[350 K.K.]], [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Ugiriki ya Kale]] [[Aristotle]] alisema, "[[Utawala wa sheria]] ni bora kuliko utawala wa mtu yeyote binafsi."<ref>"it is more proper that law should govern than any one of the citizens: upon the same principle, if it is advantageous to place the supreme power in some particular persons, they should be appointed to be only guardians, and the servants of the laws." (Aristotle, ''Politics'' [[s:Politics (Aristotle)/Book 3#3:16|3.16]]).</ref> Mifumo ya sheria inaelezea [[haki]] na majukumu kwa njia mbalimbali. Tofauti ya jumla inaweza kufanywa kati ya maeneo yanayotawaliwa na [[mfumo wa sheria ya kiraia]], ambayo huandika sheria zao, na yale yanayofuata [[sheria za kawaida]], ambapo sheria haijaundwa kwa utaratibu maalumu. Katika baadhi ya nchi, [[sheria ya dini]] bado hutumika kama sheria maalum. Sheria ni chanzo kikuu cha uchunguzi wa kitaalam, wa [[historia ya sheria]], [[falsafa ya sheria]], [[uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria]] au [[somo la kijamii kuhusu sheria]]. Sheria pia huibua masuala muhimu na magumu kuhusu [[usawa]], [[uadilifu]] na [[haki]]. "Katika usawa wake wa ajabu", alisema mwandishi [[Anatole France]] mnamo mwaka [[1894]], "sheria inakataza matajiri na mafukura kulala chini ya madaraja, kuombaomba barabarani na kuiba mikate."<ref>The original French is: "La loi, dans un grand souci d'égalité, interdit aux riches comme aux pauvres de coucher sous les ponts, de mendier dans les rues et de voler du pain" (France, ''The Red Lily'', [http://www.online-literature.com/anatole-france/red-lily/8/ Chapter VII]).</ref> Katika [[demokrasia]] ya kawaida, taasisi za msingi za kutafsiri na kuunda sheria ni matawi matatu makuu ya [[utawala]], ambayo ni [[mahakama]] isiyo na upendeleo, [[bunge]] na [[serikali]] yenye kuwajibika. Ili kutekeleza na kutumia nguvu za kufanya sheria ifuatwe na kutoa huduma kwa umma, urasimu wa serikali, [[jeshi]] na [[polisi]] ni muhimu. Vyombo hivyo vyote vya dola viliundwa na kutawaliwa na sheria, [[taaluma ya kisheria]] iliyo huru na [[jamii]] yenye bidii zinajulisha na kusaidia maendeleo. == Masomo ya sheria == Mifumo yote ya kisheria inahusu na masuala ya msingi, lakini kila taifa inaainisha na kubainisha masomo yake ya kisheria kwa njia mbalimbali. Tofauti ya kawaida ni kuwa "[[sheria ya umma]]" (maneno yanayohusika kwa karibu na [[taifa]], na kuhusisha sheria ya kikatiba, kitawala na ya jinai), na "[[sheria ya kibinafsi]]" (inayohusisha mkataba, [[sheria ya kukiuka wajibu]] na mali).<ref>Although many scholars argue that "the boundaries between public and private law are becoming blurred", and that this distinction has become mere "folklore" (Bergkamp, ''Liability and Environment'', 1–2).</ref> Katikamifumo ya [[sheria ya kirai(mfumo wa sheria)|sheria ya kirai]] , mkataba na kukiuka wajibu zinapatikana chini ya [[sheria ya majukumu]] huku sheria ya hifadhi inapatikana chini ya serkali za halali au [[Mkataba wa Hague wa Sheria inayotumika kwa Hifadhi na kwa jinsi ya Kuzijua|mikataba ya kimataifa]]. Sheria ya Kimataifa, kikatiba, kitawala, jinai, mkataba, kukiuka wajibu na mali na [[sheria ya hifadhi|hifadhi]] zinatambulika kama "masomo msingi ya jadi",<ref>E.g. in England these seven subjects, with EU law substituted for international law, make up a "qualifying law degree". For criticism, see [[Peter Birks]]' poignant comments attached to a previous version of the [http://webjcli.ncl.ac.uk/articles1/birks1.html#appendix Notice to Law Schools].</ref> ingawa kuna [[Sheria#Masomo zaidi|masomo zaidi]] ambayo yanaweza kuwa na umuhimu mkubwa zaidi wa kiutendaji. === Sheria ya Kimataifa === {{Main|Sheria ya umma ya kimataifa|Mgongano wa sheria|Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya}} [[Picha:Naciones Unidas 3.jpg|right|thumb|Ikitoa katiba ya sheria ya kimataifa ya umaa, mfumo wa [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] ulikubaliwa wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]]] Sheria ya kimataifa inaweza kuashiria mambo matatu: sheria ya umma ya kimataifa, sheria ya kibinafsi ya kimataifa au mgongano wa sheria na sheria ya mashirika makubwa ya kimataifa. * '''[[Sheria ya Umma ya Kimataifa]]''' inajihusisha na uhusiano kati ya mataifa uhuru. [[Vyanzo vya sheria ya kimataifa|Vyanzo]] vya maendeleo ya sheria ya umma ya kimataifa ni [[Desturi(sheria)|desturi]], mwenendo na mikataba kati ya nchi huru [[Mikataba ya Geneva]]. Sheria ya umma ya kimataifa inaweza kutengezwa na [[mashirika ya kimataifa]], kama vile [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] (ambao ilianzishwa baada ya kushindwa kwa [[Shirikisho la Kimataifa]] kuzuia [[Vita vya Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]),<ref>[http://www.un.org/aboutun/history.htm History of the UN], United Nations. [[Winston Churchill]] (''The Hinge of Fate'', 719) comments on the League of Nations' failure: "It was wrong to say that the League failed. It was rather the member states who had failed the League."</ref> [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Ajira]], [[Shirika la Kimataifa la Biashara]], au [[Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa]]. Sheria ya kimatifa ya umma ina hadhi maalum kama sheria kwa sababu hakuna kikozi cha kimataifa cha polisi, na mahakama (kama vile [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Haki]] kama tawi la kimsingi la Umoja wa Mataifa la mahakama) halina uwezo wa kuadhibu kutokutii.<ref>The prevailing manner of enforcing international law is still essentially "self help"; that is the reaction by states to alleged breaches of international obligations by other states (Robertson, ''Crimes against Humanity'', 90; Schermers-Blokker, ''International Institutional Law'', 900–901).</ref> Hata hivyo, miili michache, kama vile WTO, ina mifumo yenye ufanisi ya utatuzi wa kudumu na utatuzi wa mogogoro inayoambatana na vikwazo vya kibiashara.<ref>Petersmann, ''The GATT/WTO Dispute Settlement System'', 32</ref> * '''[[Mgongano wa sheria]]''' (au "sheria ya kibinafsi ya kimataifa" katika nchi za [[sheria ya kiraia]]) unahusisha [[maeneo ya kimamlaka ya kisheria]] ya mgogoro wa kisheria baina ya watu wa kibinafsi unafaa kusikizwa na sheria za maeneo gani ya kimamlaka ya kisheria ndiyo inayofaa kutumika. Leo, biashra zinazidi kuwa na uwezo wa kusongeza minyororo ya ugavi ya [[mtaji]] na [[ajira]] kuvuka mipaka, na pia kufanya biashara na kampuni za nchi za ng'ambo, hivyo kulifanya swali kuhusu nchi ipi ndiyo inayomamlaka ya kisheria kuwa muhimu zaidi. Idadi kubwa zaidi ya biashara zinachagua usuluhishi wa kibiashara chini ya [[Tuzo la Mkataba wa Utambuzi na Utendaji wa Masuluhisho ya Kimataifa|Mkataba wa New York wa mnamo mwaka1958]].<ref>Redfem, ''International Commercial Arbitration'', 68–69</ref> * '''[[Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya]]''' ndiyo ya kwanza, kufikia sasa, ambayo ni mfano wa [[sheria kuu ya kimataifa]]. Kutokana na mwenendo wa kuongezeka kwa ushirikiano wa kiuchumi Duniani, mikataba mingi ya kikanda — hasa ya [[Umoja wa Nchi za Amerika Kusini]] — zimeanza kuufuata mfano kama huu. Katika Umoja wa Ulaya, nchi huru zimekusanya mamlaka yao katika mfumo wa mahakama na [[Bunge la Ulaya|taasisi za kisiasa]]. Taasisi hizi zinapewa uwezo wa kutekeleza kanuni za kisheria dhidi ya au kwa nchi wanachama na raia katika namna ambayo haiwezekani kupitia sheria ya umma ya kimataifa.<ref>Schermers–Blokker, ''International Institutional Law'', 943</ref> Kama [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki]] yalivyosema katika miaka ya 1960, sheria ya Umoja wa Umoja wa Ulaya hujumiusha "muundo mpya wa sheria ya kimataifa" kwa ajili ya faida inayotegemeana ya kijamii na kiuchumi wa nchi zote wanachama.<ref>See the [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61962J0026:EN:HTML C-26/62 ''Van Gend en Loos v Nederlanse Administratie Der Belastingen''], and [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61964J0006:EN:HTML ''Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.''] decisions of the European Court.</ref> === Sheria ya kikatiba na ya kiutawala === {{Main|Sheria ya kikatiba|Sheria ya kiutawala}} [[Picha:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|[[Azimio la Haki za Kibinadamu na za Raia]], ambalo kanuni zake bado zini thamani ya kikatiba]] Sheria ya kikatiba na kiutawala zinasimamia mambo ya nchi. [[Sheria ya kikatiba]] inahusisha uhusiano baina ya serikali, bunge na mahakama na [[haki za kibinadamu]] au [[uhuru wa kiraia]] wa watu binafsi dhidi ya nchi. Maeneo mengi ya kisheria, kama vile [[Sheria ya Marekani|Marekani]] na [[Sheria ya Ufaransa|Ufaransa]], zina katiba moja iliyoandikwa kwa makini, iliyo na [[Muswada wa Haki]]. Katiba chache kama vile [[Sheria la Uingereza|Uingereza]], hazina hati kama hiyo."Katiba" kwa ufupi ni zile sheria ambazo zinajumuisha [[mwili wa kisiasa]], kutoka [[kanuni]], [[sheria za uamuzi]] na [[Mkataba wa kikatiba(utamaduni wa kisiasa)|mkataba]]. Kesi kwa jina ''[[Entick dhidi ya Carrington]]''<ref>''[[Entick v Carrington]]'' (1765) 19 Howell's State Trials 1030; [1765] [http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/KB/1765/J98.html 95 ER 807]</ref> ilionyesha wazi kanuni ya kikatiba inayotokana na sheria ya kawaifa. Nyumba ya Bwana Entick ilifanyiwa upekekuzi na Afisa mmoja wa polisi aliyeitwa Carrington. Wakati Bwana Entick alipolalamika mbele ya mahakama, Afisa Carrington alidokeza kwamba kibali kutoka waziri wa Serikali, [[George Montague-Dunk, ali wa pili wa Halifax|Ali wa Halifax]], kilikuwa na mamlaka halali. Hata hivyo, hakukuwa na sheria iliyoandikwa au mamlaka ya kimahakama ambayo yalitoa uwezo huo.Hakimu mkuu, [[Charles Pratt, Ali wa kwanza wa Camden|Bwana Camden]], alisema, <blockquote>Mwisho mkubwa, ambao ulifanya watu kuingia katika jamii, ilikuwa kupata mali. Haki hiyo imetunzwa na ni takatifu na haiwezi kuondolewa wakati wowote, ambapo haijaondolewa au kufupishwa na sheria fulani ya umma kwa manufaa ya wote...Hakuna sababau inayoweza kupatikana au kutolewa, kimya cha vitabu ni mamlaka dhidi ya mshtakiwa, na aliyeathiriwa lazima atendewe haki.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.constitution.org/trials/entick/entick_v_carrington.htm | title=Entick v Carrington | work=19 Howell’s State Trials 1029 (1765) | publisher=Constitution Society | location=[[Marekani|US]] | accessdate=2008-11-13}}</ref></blockquote> Kanuni ya kimsingi ya kikatiba, ilitokana na [[Citabu viwili mbili kuhusu Serikali|John Locke]], inadokeza ya kwamba mtu binafsi anaweza kufanya isipokuwa kile ambacho kimekataliwa kisheria.<ref>Locke, ''The Second Treatise'', [[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government#2:9|Chapter 9, section 124]]</ref><ref>Tamanaha, ''On the Rule of Law'', 47</ref> Sheria ya utawala ndiyo mbinu msingi ya kufanya mashirika ya umma yawajibike. Watu wanaweza kutumia [[mapitio ya kimahakama]] kwa matendo au uamuzi uliofanywa na za halmashauri za mitaa, huduma za umma au wizara za serikali, kuhakikisha kuwa zinazingatia sheria. Mahakama ya kwanza ya maalum ya kiutawala yalikuwa mahakama ya ''[[Council of State (France)|Conseil d'État]]'' yaliyoundwa mnamo mwaka wa 1799, wakati [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] alipochukua mamlaka nchini Ufaransa.<ref name="A75">Auby, ''Administrative Law in France'', 75</ref> === Sheria ya jinai === {{Main|Sheria ya jinai}} Sheria ya jinai, inayojulikana pia kama sheria ya kuadhibu, inahusisha makosa na adhabu.<ref>[[Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria|Cesare Beccaria]]'s seminal treatise of 1763–1764 is titled ''On Crimes and Punishments'' (''[[Dei delitti e delle pene]]'').</ref> Kwa hivyo inapima ufafanuzi wa adhabu ya makosa yaliyopatikana kuwa na madhara yanaonekana kuwa na uwezo wa kusababisha uharibifu lakini, kwa undani, haifanyi uamuzi wa kimaadili kumhusu mkosaji wala kuwekea jamii vikwazo ambavyo vinakataza watu kimwili wasifanye makoa mwanzoni.<ref name="W2">Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 2; Wilson, ''Criminal Law'', 2</ref> Investigating, apprehending, charging, and trying suspected offenders is regulated by the law of [[criminal procedure]].<ref name="Br2">Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 2</ref> Kesi ya kidhana ya uhalifu inatokana na ushahidi, [[Mzigo wa Ushahidi|kuzidi shaka ya kuridhisha]], kuwa mtu ana hatia ya mambo mawili. Kwanza, mshtakiwa lazima awe amefanya kitendo ambacho kinatazamwa na jamii kuwa hatia, au ''[[actus reus]]'' (kitendo cha hatia).<ref>See e.g. Brody, Acker and Logan, ''Criminal Law'', 205 about ''[[Robinson v California]]'', 370 U.S. 660 (1962).</ref> Pili, lazima mshtakiwa awe na [[dhamira (jinai)|dhamira ya kufanya uharibifu]] ya kufanya kitendoo fulani cha jinai, au ''[[mens rea]]'' (akili ya hatia). Hata hivyo, kwa kile kinachojulikana kama hatia za "[[Dhima kali (jinai)|dhima kali]]", ''actus reus'' haitoshi.<ref>See e.g. Feinman, ''Law 111'', 260–261 about ''[[Powell v Texas]]'', 392 U.S. 514 (1968).</ref> Mifumo ya jinai ya utamaduni wa sheria ya raia zinatofautisha kati ya nia katika dhana pana (''dolus directus'' na ''dolus eventualis''), na uzembe. Uzembe hauna jukumu la jinai isipokuwa ambapo hatia fulani una adhabu yake maalum.<ref>Dörmann, Doswald-Beck and Kolb, ''Elements of War Crimes'', 491</ref><ref>Kaiser, ''Leistungsstörungen'', 333</ref> [[Picha:SalemWitchcraftTrial.jpg|thumb|left|Picha inayoonyesha [[kesi]] ya uhalifu, kwa sababu ya [[uchawi]] katika eneo la [[Kesi za wachawi za Salem|Salem]]]] Mifano ya uhalifu ni [[mauaji]], [[kushambulia]], [[udanganyifu]] na [[wizi]]. Katika mifano maalum utetezi unaweza kutumika kwa vitendo maalum, kama zile kuuwa ili [[nadharia ya utetezi wa kibinafsi|utetezi wa kibinafasi]], au katika nyakati maalum kujitetea kuwa [[utetezi wa wazimi|wazimu]]. Mfano mwingine ni katika kesi ya karne ya 19 ya ''[[Jamhuri dhidi ya Dudley na Stephens]]'', iliyopima utetezi wa "[[kimahitaji]]". Meli ya ''Mignonette'', iliyokuwa ikisafiri kutoka mji wa [[Southampton]] kuelekea mji wa [[Sydney]], ilizama. Wafanyikazi watatu wa meli hiyo na Richard Parker, kijana aliyekuwa na umri wa miaka 17, walibaki katika meli iliyoundwa na vijiti. Walikuwa na njaa na kijana yule alikuwa karibu kufa. Kwa sababu ya kuwa na njaa iliyokithiri, wafanyikazi hao walimuuwa kijana yule na kumla. Wafanyikazi hao waliokolewa, lakini wakafikishwa mahakamani huku wakiwa na hatia ya mauaji. Walijitetea kwa kusema kwamba ilihitajika kwa lazima kwa wao kumuuwa kijana yule ili kuyaokoa maisha yao. [[John Coleridge, Baroni wa Kwanza Coleridge|Bwana Coleridge]], akieleza kukataa kukubwa, aliamua, "kuhifadhi maisha ya kibinafsi ni, kwa kuzungumza kijumla, wajibu, lakini inaweza kuwa jukumu kuu kuyatoa maisha hayo kama kafara." Wanaume hao walihukumiwa [[kunyongwa|nyonga]], lakini maoni ya umma uliunga mkono haki ya wafanyikazi wale wa meli kuyaokoa maisha yao. Mwishowe, [[Ufalme]] ulipunguza hukumu zao hadi miezi sita gerezani.<ref>About ''[[R v Dudley and Stephens]]'' [1884] [http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_bqb14040.html 14 QBD 273 DC] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_bqb14040.html |date=20050228224504 }}, see Simpson, ''Cannibalism and the Common Law'', 212–217, 229–237</ref> Makosa ya jinai yanatambulika si tu kama makosa dhidi ya waathirika binafsi, lakini jamii pia.<ref name="W2" /> Taifa, kawaida likisaidiwa na polisi, huongoza mashitaka, basi hiyo ndiyo sababu mbona katika nchi zenye sheria ya kawaida kesi hutajwa kama "''Watu'' dhidi ya..." au "''Jamhuri'' (kwa [[Ufalme|"Rex"]] au [[Malkia reginanti|Regina]]) dhidi ya..." Pia, [[jopo la waamuzi]] ambao hutokana na raia wa kawaida hutumika kuamua hatia ya washitakiwa kutokna na pointi zinazoweza kubainika ukweli: jopo la waamuzi haliwezi kubadilisha kanuni za kisheria. Baadhi ya nchi zilizostawi bado hutumia [[adhabu ya kifo]] kwa matendo ya jinai lakini adhabu ya kawaida ya uhalifu itakuwa ni [[gereza|kufungwa gereza]], [[faini]] usimamizi wa taifa (kama vile probesheni), au [[huduma ya kijamii]]. Sheria ya kisasa ya jinai imeathiriwa vilivyo na sayansi ya jamii, hasa kuhusu [[hukumu(sheria)|kuhukumu]], utafiti wa kisheria, kuunda sheria, na [[kuwasaidia wahalifu kurekesha mwenedo wao]].<ref>Pelser, ''Criminal Legislation'', 198</ref> Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, nchi 108 [[Mktaba wa Sheria ya Roma ya Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai|wanachama]] wa [[Mahakama ya Kimataifa ya Jinai]], ambayo ilianzishwa kuwahukumu watu kwa [[hatia dhidi ya ubinadamu]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040605155639/http://www.icc-cpi.int/statesparties.html The States Parties to the Rome Statute], International Criminal Court</ref> === Sheria ya mkataba === {{Main|Mkataba}} [[Picha:carbolic smoke ball co.jpg|thumb|Tangazo maarufu la kampuni ya Carbolic Smoke Ball lidai kuwa lingeweza kutibu [[homa]]. Mahakama yaliamua kuwa tangazo hilo lilikuwa [[mkataba wa mtu yeyote]]]] Sheria ya mkataba inahusu ahadi zinazowezwa kutendwa, na inaweza kuandikwa kwa ufupi katika maneno ya Kilatini''[[pacta sunt servanda]]'' (ahadi lazima zitimizwe).<ref>Wenberg, ''Pacta Sunt Servanda'', 775</ref> Katika maeneo ya kimamlaka ya sheria ya kawaida, vipengele vitatu muhimu kuhusu utengenezaji wa mkataba vinahitajika: [[kutoa na kukubali]], [[kutilia maanani]] na nia ya kutengeneza uhusiano wa kisheria.Katika kesi ya ''[[Carlill shisi ya Kampuni ya Carbolic Smoke Ball]]'' kampuni ya matibabu ilitangaza kuwa dawa yake mpya ya ajabu, smokeball, ingewatibu watu kutokana na mafua, na ikiwa haingefaulu kuwatibu, wanunuzi wangepata [[paundi za Kistaling'i|£]] 100. Watu wengi waliwasilisha kesi mahakamani ili wapate £100 zao wakati dawa hiyo iliposhindwa kuwatibu. Ikiogopa [[kufilisika]], Kampuni ya Carbolic ilijitetea kwa kusema kuwa tangazo lile lilikuwa mzaha tu, na kwa hivyo halikuwa toleo lenye nguvu za kisheria. Lilikuwa [[karibisho]], mchezo tu. Lakini mahakama ya rufaa yaliamua kuwa kwa [[mtu mwenye kufikiria kwa kawaida]] kampuni ya Carbolic ilikuwa imefanya toleo. Watu walikuwa wametoa kusudi la kununua bidhaa ile kwa kupitia "shida bayana" ya kutumia bidhaa yenye hitilafu. "Soma tangazo vile utakavyo, na ulibadilishe tangazo hilo vile utakavyo", alisema [[Nathaniel Lindley, Baroni Lindley|Hakimu Lindley]], "haa kuna ahadi maalum ilitajwa katika lugha isyokuwa na utata wowote".<ref name="CCSBCE">About ''[http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_r9321042.html Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company] {{Wayback|url=http://www.justis.com/titles/iclr_r9321042.html |date=20041205104916 }}'' [[Case citation|[1893] 1 QB 256]], and the element of consideration, see Beale and Tallon, ''Contract Law'', 142–143</ref> "Kutilia maanani" knaonyesha ukweli kwamba vyama vyote katika mkataba vimebadilisha kitu fulani chenye maana. Baadhi ya mifumo ya sheria ya kawaida, ikiwemo Australi, zinasonga mbali kutoka dhana ya kutilia maanani kama mojawapo ya mahitaji ya mkataba. Dhana ya "[[estoppel]]" au ''culpa in contrahendo'', inaweza kutumika kuunda wajibu wakati mazungumzo kabla ya kuingia mkataba<ref>''[[Austotel v Franklins]]'' (1989) 16 NSWLR 582</ref> Katika maeneo ya kisheria ya kiraia, kutilia maanani si lazima kwa mkataba kuwa na nguvu ya kisheria.<ref>e.g. In Germany, [http://dejure.org/gesetze/BGB/311.html § 311 Abs. II] [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|BGB]]</ref> Nchini Ufaransa, mkataba wa kawaida unasemekana kutokea ambapo "kukutana kwa akili" au kwa "kuwa na nia zinazowiana". [[Sheria ya Ujerumani|Ujerumani]] ina mtazamio maalum kuhusu mikataba, ambayo inayusisha sheria ya mali. [[Kanuni ya dhana ya kiakili]] (''Abstraktionsprinzip'' wanayoitumia, inamaanisha kuwa wajibu wa kibinafsi wa mkataba unaundwa kando na jina la mwenye mali yanayokabidhiwa. Wakati ambapo mikataba inavunjwa kwa sababu fulani (kwa mfano mnunuzi wa gari amelewa kiasi kwamba hana uwezo wa kisheria wa kufanya mkataba)<ref>[http://dejure.org/gesetze/BGB/105.html § 105 Abs. II] [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|BGB]]</ref> Wajibu wa kimkataba wa kulipa unaweza kuvunjwa tofauti na jina la mwenye gari. Sheria ya [[kutajirika kusio kwa haki]], badala ya sheria tya mkataba, basi inatumika kurudisha jina kwa mmiliki halali.<ref>Smith, ''The Structure of Unjust Enrichment Law'', 1037</ref> === Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu === {{Main|Ukiukaji wa wajibu}} Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu, ambayo wakati mwingine huitwa [[kosa la jinai]], ni makosa ya raia. Kuwa na kosa la ukiukaji wa wajibu, mtu lazima awe amekiuka wajibu aliukwa anafaa kumtendea mty mwingine, au kukiuka haki fulani ya awali ya kisheria. [[Bolton dhidi ya Stone|mfano]] unaweza kuwa kumgonga mtu kimakosa na mpira wa mchezo wa kriketi.<ref>''[[Bolton v Stone]]'' [1951] AC 850</ref> Chini ya sheria ya [[uzembe]], ambayo ndiyo aina ya ukiukaji wa wajibu maarufu zaidi, mtu aliyepatwa na madhara anaweza kuomba fidia kwa ya majeraha yake kutoka kwa mtu mwenye uwajibikaji. Kanuni za uzembe zinaonyeshwa na kesi ya ''[[Donoghue dhidi ya Stevenson]]''.<ref name="DvS">''[[Donoghue v Stevenson]]'' ([[Case citation#England and Wales|[1932] A.C. 532, 1932 S.C. (H.L.) 31, [1932] All ER Rep 1]]). See the original text of the case in [http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/donoghue.htm UK Law Online] {{Wayback|url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/law/hamlyn/donoghue.htm |date=20070216044953 }}.</ref> Rafiki mmoja wa Bi. Donoghue aliagiza chupa isiyopenyeka nuru la [[pombe ya tangawizi]] (iliyokusudiwa kutumika na Bi. Donoghue) katika mkahawa katika eneo la [[Paisley]]. Baada ya kunya kunya nusu ya bia ile , Bi, Donoghue alimimina iliyosalia katika bilauri. Mabaki yaliyooza ya konokono yalielea juu ya pombe. Alidai kuwa alipigwa na bumbuwazi, na kupata ugonjwa wa kuchomeka ndani ya matumbo, na ilimbidi kumpeleka mtengenezaji pombe kwa kuruhusu kinywaji kuchafuka ovyo. [[Nyumba ya Mabwana]] iliamua kwamba mtengezaji pombe aliwajibika kwa ugonjwa wa Bi. Donoghue. [[Bwana Atkin]] alikuwa na mtazamo maalum wa kimaadili, na akasema, <blockquote>Dhima ya upuuzaji ... bila shaka ina msingi wake katika mawazo ya kijumla ya umma kuhusu makosa ya kimaadili amabyo mkosaji lazima alipe ... Kanuni ya kuwa unafaa kumpenda adui yako, kisheria inakuwa, haufai kumjeruhi jirani yako; na swali la wakili, nani ndiye jirani yangu? linapokea jibu lenye vikwazo. Lazima uwe na uwangalifu wa kuepuka na vitendo au visa ambapo hautendi lolote inapofaa, ambavyo unaweza kutazamia kuwa vikamjeruhi jirani yako.<ref>''[[Donoghue v Stevenson]]'' [1932] AC 532, 580</ref></blockquote> Huu ulikuwa msingi wa kanuni nne za upuuzaji; (1) Bwana Stevenson alimdai Bi. Donoghue [[wajibu wa kujali]] wa kuuza vinywaji salama (2) yeye [[Kuvuna kwa jukumu katika Sheria ya Kiingereza|alivunja]] wajibu wake wa kujali (3) madhara hayangefanyika [[usababishaji (sheria)|isipokuwa kwa]] kuvunja kwake kwa wajibu wa kujali na (4) tendo lake lilikuwa [[sababau ya karibu]], au haikuwa tokeo la [[Umbali katika Sheria ya Kiingereza|mbali]], la madhara yaliyompata mtu fulani.<ref name="DvS" /> Mfano mwingine wa ukikaji wa wajibu unaweza kuwa wa jirani ambaye anapiga kelele nyingi sana na na mashine katika nyumbani kwake.<ref name="Sturges">''[[Sturges v Bridgman]]'' (1879) 11 Ch D 852</ref> Chini ya dai la [[kero]] kelele hiyo inaweza kukomeshwa. Ukiukaji wa wajibu pia inaweza kuhusisha vitendo vya kimakusudi, kama vile [[ushambulizi (ukiukaji wa wajibu)|ushambulizi]], [[vita(ukiukaji wa wajibu)|vita]] au [[kuvuka na kuingia katka maeneo yaliyopigwa marufuku]]. Sheria ya ukiukaji wa wajibu inayofahamika vyema ni ile ya [[kumharibia mtu jina]], ambayo inafanyika, kwa mfano, wakati gazeti linapochapisha madai yasiyokuwa na msingi ambayo yanaharibu sifa ya mwanasiasa fulani.<ref>e.g. concerning a British politician and the Iraq War, ''[[George Galloway v Telegraph Group Ltd]]'' [2004] EWHC 2786</ref> Ukiukaji wa wajibu ambao ni mbaya zaidi ni zile wa kiuchumi, ambao huwa msingi wa [[sheria ya ajira]] katika baadhi ya nchi kwa kufanya vyama vya kibiashara kuwa na dhima kwa sababu ya migomo,<ref>''[[Taff Vale Railway Co v Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants]]'' [1901] AC 426</ref> Wakati ambapo amri ya kisheria haipatiani kinga.<ref>In the UK, [[Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992]]; c.f. in the U.S., [[National Labor Relations Act]]</ref> === Sheria ya mali === {{Main|Sheria ya mali}} [[Picha:South Sea Bubble.jpg|thumb|Picha ya [[Bubujiko la Bahari ya Kusini]], mojawapo ya majanga ya kiuchumi yalilotokana na [[uvumi]]. Janga hilo la kiuchumi lilisababisha kuundwa kwa kanuni kali kuhusu uuzaji wa hisa.<ref>Harris, ''The Bubble Act'', 610-627</ref>]] Sheria ya [[mali]] inatawala vitu vya thamani ambavyo watu huvitambua kama 'vyao'. [[Mali ya kweli]] wakati mwingine huitwa 'mali isiyohamishika' inahusu umiliki wa ardhi na vitu vilivyojikita katika ardhi hiyo.<ref>eg ''[[Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd]]'' [1997] [http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970424/hunter01.htm 2 All ER 426]</ref> [[Mali ya kibinafsi]], inaashiria mambo mengineyo; vyombo vinavyowezwa kusongeshwa, kama vile tarakilishi, magari, mapambo na mikate au turathi haki, kama vile [[hisa (fedha)|akiba na hisa]]. Haki ya ''[[in rem]]'' ni haki ya kipande maalum cha mali, ikitofautishwa na haki ''[[in personam]]'' ambayo inaruhusu fidia kwa hasara, lakini si kwa kurudishiwa kitu fulani. Sheria ya ardhi inajumuisha msingi wa aina nyingi za sheria za mali, na ndiyo ngumu zaidi. Inahusisha [[mogeji]], [[mikataba ya kukodisha]], [[leseni]], [[maagano]], [[ruhusa]] na mifumo ya kisheria kwa usajili wa ardhi. Kanuni kuhusu [[matumizi ya ardhi]] ya kibinafsi chini ya [[haki miliki]], [[kampuni (law)|sheria ya kampuni]], [[sheria ya hifadhi|hifadhi]] na [[sheria ya biashara]]. Mfano wa kesi msingi ya ya sheria nyingii za mali ni ''[[Armory v Delamirie]]''.<ref>''[[Armory v Delamirie]]'' (1722) 93 ER 664, 1 Strange 505</ref> Kijana wa [[kufagia chimni]] alipata pambo lenye mawe ya thamani. Alichukua pambo lile kwa muundaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu ili thamani yake ikadiriwe. Mwanafunzi wa muundaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu aliangalia pambo lile, akaiba mawe yale ya thamani, ma kumuambia kijana yule kuwa thamani yake ilkuwa [[Nusu peni (Pesa ya Uingereza)|nusu peni]] tatu na kuwa angeinunua. Kijana yule alimwambia kuwa angepenga arudishiwe pambo lile, kwa hivyo mwanafunzi wa muundaji vifaa alimrudishia pambo, lakini bila mawe yale ya thamani. Kijana yule alimpeleka mtengenezaji wa vifaa vya dhahabu kotini kwa jaribio la mwanafunzi wake kumdanganya. [[Bwana Hakimu Mkuu Pratt]] aliamua kuwa ingawa kijana hangesemekana kuwa mumiliki wa pambo lile, angefaa kutazamwa kama mpataji aliyefaa ("mpataji muwekaji") hadi mumiliki wa kiasili anapopatikana. Kwa kweli mwanafunzi na kijana yule wote walikuwa na haki ya ''[[Umiliki (sheria)|umiliki]]'' wa pambo lile (dhana ya kiufundi, inayomaanisha kuwa kitu fulani ''kingeweza'' kumilikiwa na mtu fulani), lakini nia ya kijana yule ya kumiliki ilitazamiwa kuwa bora zaidi, kwa sababu ingeweza kudhihirishwa kuwa ya kwanza katika wakati. Umiliki unaweza kuwa sehemu tisa kwa kumi ya sheria, lakini si yote. Kesi hii hutumika kudhihirisha mtazamo wa mali katika maeneo ya kisheria ya kawaida, kuwa mtu anayeweza kuonyesha dai bora zaidi la kipande cha mali, dhidi ya chama kingine, ndiye mumiliki.<ref>Matthews, ''The Man of Property'', 251–274</ref> Kwa kulinganisha, mbinu ya kiklasiki ya sheria ya raia kuhusu mali, iliendelezwa na [[Friedrich Carl von Savigny]], ni kuwa ni haki nzuri dhidi ya Ulimwengu. Wajibu, kama mkataba na ukiukaji wa wajibu hutazamwa kama haki nzuri dhidi ya watu binafsi.<ref>Savigny, ''Das Recht des Besitzes'', [http://dlib-pr.mpier.mpg.de/m/kleioc/0010/exec/bigpage/%22235083_00000057%22 25] {{Wayback|url=http://dlib-pr.mpier.mpg.de/m/kleioc/0010/exec/bigpage/%22235083_00000057%22 |date=20080418181513 }}</ref> Dhana ya mali inaibua maswala mengi zaidi ya kifalsafa na kisiasa. Locke alidokeza kwamba "maisha, uhuru na nyumba" zetu ni mali yetu kwa sababu tunamiliki mali yetu na [[Nadharia ya ajira ya mali|tunachangayana ajira yetu]] na mazingira yetu.<ref>Locke, ''[[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government|Second Treatise on Civil Government]]'', Chap. IX. Of the Ends of Political Society and Government. Chapter 9, section 123.</ref> === Usawa na amana === {{Main|Usawa (sheria)|sheria ya amana}} [[Picha:Microcosm of London Plate 022 - Court of Chancery, Lincoln's Inn Hall edited.jpg|thumb|[[Mahakama ya Chancery]], London, mwanzoni mwa karne ya 19]] Usawa na amana ni mwili wa sheria ulioibuka nchini Uingereza kando na "shera ya kawaida". Sheria ya kawaida ilisimamiwa na mahakimu. [[Bwana Chansela]] kwa upnade mwingine, kama muwekaji dhamiri wa mfalme, angeweza kupuuza sheria iliyotengenezwa na hakimu ikiwa alifikiria kuwa ilikuwa sawa kufanya hivyo.<ref>McGhee, ''Snell's Equity'', 7</ref> Hili lilimaanisha kuwa usawa ulianza kufanya kazi zaidi kupitia [[Malengo ya usawa|kanuni]] bali si sheria ambazo hazikubadilika. Kwa mfano, ambapo mifumo ya sheria ya kawaida au sheria ya raia haiwaruhusu watu kugawa umiliki wa kutoka kwa udhibiti wa kipande kimoja cha mali, usawa unaruhusu hili kupitia mpango unaoitwa 'amana'. Kudhibitiwa kwa mali na 'wenye amana' ambapo kwa upande mwingine umiliki 'wenye manufaa' (au 'yenye usawa') wa mali ya amana inashikiliwa na watu wanojulikana kama 'wadhamini'. Wadhamini wana wajibu kwa walengwa wao wa kuyachuna vyema mali waliyokabidhiwa.<ref>c.f. ''[[Bristol and West Building Society v Mothew]]'' [1998] Ch 1</ref> Katika kesi ya awali ya ''[[Keech dhidi ya Sandford]]''<ref>''[[Keech v Sandford]]'' (1726) Sel Cas Ch 61</ref> mtoto alirithi haki ya [[kokodisha]] katika [[Soko la Romford|soko]] katika eneo la [[Ramford]], mjini London. Bw, Sandford alikabidhiwa mali hayo hadi wakati ambapo mtoto angekomaa. Lakini kabla ya hapo, kipindi cha kukodisha kilikwisha. Kabaila alikuwa (inaonekana) amemwambia Bw. Sandford kuwa hakutaka mtoto yule awe na kukodisha kupya. Lakini bado kabaila alikuwa amefurahi (inaonekana) kumpa Bw. Sandford fursa ya kukodisha. Bw Sandford aliichukua. Wakati ambapo mtoto (sasa Bw. Keech) alikuwa mkubwa, alimpeleka Bw. Sandford mahakamani kwa faida aliyokuwa akipata kwa kupata kukodisha kwa soko. Bw. Sandford alifaa kuaminika, lakini alijiweka katika nafasi ya [[mgongano wa maslahi]]. [[Bwana Kansela]], [[Peter King, Baroni wa Kwanza Mfalme|Bwana Mfalme]], alikubali na kumuamuru Bw. Sandford kutoa faida ile na kumlipa Bw. Keech. Aliandika, {{quote|Ninaona vizuri sana kuwa, ikiwa mdhamini, akikataa kufanya kukodesha upya, anaweza kuwa na kukodesha kwake mwenyewe mali chache ya kiamana yangesajiliwa upya ... Hili linaweza kuonekana kuwa gumu sana, kuwa mdhamini ndiye mtu wa kipekee kwa binadamu wote ambaye hatakuwa na kukodisha; lakini ni bora kanuni ifuatiliwe na isipuuzwe wakati wowote.}} Bila shaka, Bwana Mfalme LC alikuwa na wasiwasi kwamba wadhamini huenda wakatumia fursa ya kutumia mali ya amana wenyewe badala ya kuyachunga. Wadadisi wa kibiashara wanaotumia hifadhi walikuwa wamesababisha [[Mbubujiko wa Bahari ya Kusini|kuaguka kwa soko la hisa]] katika siku hizo. Wajibu mkali kwa wadhamini ulijumuishwa katika sheria ya serikali na kutumika kwa wakurugenzi wa makampuni na [[maafisa watendaji wakuu]]. Mfano mwingine wa jukumu la mdhamini unaweza kuwa kuwekeza mali vizuri au kuiuza.<ref>''[[Nestle v National Westminster Bank plc]]'' [1993] 1 WLR 1260</ref> Hii hasa ndiyo kesi kwa fedha za [[pensheni]] , aina muhimu kwa zote ya amana, ambapo wawekezaji ndio wadhamini wa akiba za watu hadi [[wastaafu]]. Lakini amana pia zinaweza kuundwa kwa [[hisani ya amana|madhumuni ya hisani]], mifano maarufu ikiwa [[Makavazi ya Uingereza]] au [[Shirika la Rockefeller]]. === Utaalamu zaidi === Sheria huenea mbali kuliko masomo ya msingi hadi karibu kila eneo la maisha. Ngazi tatu zimetajwa hapa ili kurahisiha majadiliano, ingawa masomo mbalimbali hufanana na kutegemeana. ;Sheria na jamii [[Picha:Unison strike rally Oxford 20060328.jpg|thumb|Chama cha wafanyikazi kilichoundwa na kikundi cha [[UNISON]] walipogoma]] * '''[[Sheria ya ajira]]''' ni somo la uhusiano wa mara tatu wa kiwandani kati ya mfanyikazi, muajiri na [[chama cha wafanyikazi]]. Hili linahusisha kupunguza [[kufanya biashara]] kwa pamoja, na haki ya [[kugoma]]. Sheria ya kuajiriwa kwa binafsi inaashiria haki za maeneo ya kazi, kama zile [[usalama wa kazi]], [[afya na usalama]] au [[mshahara wa chini zaidi]]. * '''[[Haki za kibinadamu]]''', [[Haki za kiraia na kisiasa|haki za kiraia]] na [[sheria ya haki za kibinadamu]] ni maeneo muhimu katika kumhakikishia kila mtu uhuru na haki za kimsingi, Haya yanapatikana katika maadiko kama vile [[Azimio la Ulimwenguni la Haki za Kibinadamu]], [[Mkataba wa Ulaya wa Haki za Kibinadamu]] (iliyoanzisha [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Kibinadamu]]) na [[Mswada wa Marekani wa Haki|Mswada wa Marekani wa Haki za Kibinadamu]]. [[Mkataba wa Lisbon]] unafanya [[Mkataba wa Haki za Msingi za Umoja wa Ulaya]] uwe na nguvu za kisheria katika nchi zote wanachama isipokuwa [[Polandi na Uingereza]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080910001253/http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/documents/downloads/guide_to_treaty_of_lisbon.pdf A Guide to the Treaty of Lisbon], The Law Society</ref> * '''[[Utaratibu wa Kiraia]]''' na '''[[utaratibu wa jinai]]''' unahusisha kanuni ambazo mahakama lazima yafuate kadiri [[trial]] na rufaa zinapoendelea. Yote yanahusu haki ya raia kupata [[kuhukumiwa kwa haki]] au kesi yake kusikizwa kwa haki. * '''[[Ushahidi (sheria)|Ushahidi]]'''. Sheria ya ushahidi inahusu vifaa vinavyofaa kutumika mahakamani ili kesi ijengwe. * '''[[Sheria ya Uhamiaji]]''' na '''[[sheria ya utaifa]]''' zinahusu haki za wageni kuishi na kufanya kazi katika taifa ambalo si lao na kupata na kupoteza [[uraia]]. Yote yanahusu [[haki ya hifadhi]] na shida ya watu [[wasiokuwa na nchi]] * '''[[Usalama wa Kijamii]]'''. Sheria ya usalama wa kijamii inahusu haki za watu kuwa na bima ya kijamii, kama vile pesa zinazopewa watafuta kazi au faida za makazi. * '''[[Sheria ya familia]]''' inahusu kesi za [[ndoa]] na [[talaka]] proceedings, haki za watoto na haki za kuwa na mali na pesa ikiwa wenye kufanya ndoa watatengana. ;Sheria na biashara * '''[[Sheria ya kikampuni]]''' ilitokana na sheria ya amana, ikitegemea kanuni ya kutenganisha umiliki na udhibiti.<ref>Berle, ''Modern Corporation and Private Property''</ref> Sheria ya kisasa ya [[kampuni (sheria)|kampuni]] ilianza na [[Sheria ya Kampuni za Pamoja za Akiba ya mwaka 1856]], iliyopitishwa nchini Uingereza, ambayo iliwapa wawekezaji mbinu rahisi ya usajili ili kupata [[dhima ya kupimika]] chini ya dhana ya [[Mtu wa kisheria|mtu tofauti]] wa kampuni. * '''[[Sheria ya kibiashara]]''' inahusu mkataba tata wa mkataba na mali. Sheria ya [[shirika (sheria)|shirika]], [[sheria ya bima]], [[bili za kubadilishana]], [[ufilisi]] na [[Sheria ya kuufungwa kwa biashara]] na sheria ya uuzaji zote ni muhimu, na zinarudi nyuma hadi dhana ya ''[[Mfanyibiashara wa sheria|Lex Mercatoria]]'' ya zama za kati. [[Sheria ya Kuuza Bidhaa na Ukahaba wa Watoto ya Mwaka 1979|Sheria ya Kuuza Bidhaa]] ya Uingereza na [[Kodi Sawa ya Biashara]] ya Marekani ni mifano ya kanuni za kibiashara ya sheria ya kawaida * '''[[Sheria ya maji]]''' na '''[[Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa kuhusu Sheria ya Maji|Sjeria ya Maji]]''' zinaweka muundo msingi wa biashara huru na biashara Duniani kote Baharini, ambapo yamo nje ya eneo la udhibiti wa nchi fulani. Makampuni ya meli yanafanya kazi kwa kutumia kanuni za kawaida za sheria ya biashara, ambazo zimefanywa kuwa jumla kwa soko la kimataifa. Sheria ya maji inajumuisha masuala muhimu kama vile kama vile [[kuokoa vifaa kutoka baharini]], [[Lien#|lieni za maji]], na majeraha kwa abiria. * '''[[Miliki Sheria]]''' inalenga aims at safeguarding creators and other producers of intellectual goods and services. These are legal rights ([[copyright]]s, [[trademark]]s, [[patent]]s, and [[related right]]s) which result from intellectual activity in the industrial, literary and artistic fields.<ref>WIPO, ''Intellectual Property'', 3</ref> * '''[[Fidia]]''' inashughulika na kupata mapato ya mtu mwingine, bali si [[fidia]] kwa hasara ya kibinafsi * '''[[Kutajirika isipofaa]]''' ndiyo nguzo ya tatu ya sheria ya raia (pamoja na mkataba na ukiukaji wa wajibu). Wakati ambapo mtu fulani ametajirishwa isipofaa (au kuna "kutokuwepo kwa msingi" wa biashara) kwa gharama ya mawingine, tukio hili linazalisha haki ya fidia ili kugeuza faida hiyo. ;Sheria na vikwazo [[Picha:1930-67B.png|thumb| Sakafu ya biashara ya [[Soko la Hisa la New York]] baada ya [[kuanguka kwa Wall Street mnamo mwaka wa 1929]], kabla ya sheria kali zaidi za [[vikwazo vya kibenki]] vilipoanza kutumika]] * '''[[Sheria ya kodi]]''' inahusu kanuni kuhusu [[kodi ya thamani iliyoongezwa]], [[kodi ya kampuni]], [[kodi ya mapato]]. * '''[[Kanuni za kibenki|Sheria za kibenki]]''' na [[kanuni za kifedha]] zinaweka viwango vya chini zaidi kuhusu idadi ya mtaji ambao benki zinaweza kuwa nao, na sheria kuhusu utendaji bora wa uwekezaji. Hili ni kwa minajili ya kuhakikisha ulinzi dhidi ya taabu za kiuchumi, kama vile[[Kunguka kwa soko la Wall Street mnamo mwaka wa 1929]]. * '''[[Vikwazo]]''' vinashughulika na utoaji wa [[huduma za umma]] na usimamizi wa [[vifaa vya umma]].'''[[Sheria ya maji]]''' ni mfano mmoja. Hasa tangu [[ubinafshaji]] uwe maarufu na uchukue usimamizi wa huduma kutoka kwa sheria ya umma, makampuni ya kibinafsi ambayo hapo yalikuwa yakifanya kazi iliyodhitiwa na serikali hapo awali yamefungwa na vyeo mbalimbali vya wajibu wa kijamii. [[Sera za Nishati|Nishati]], [[Ofgem|gesi]], [[sera za mawasiliano|mawasiliano]] na [[sheria ya maji|maji]] zinadhibitiwa na viwanda katika nchi nyingi za [[Shirika la Muungano wa Maendeleo ya Kiuchumi|OECD]]. * '''[[Sheria ya mashindano]]''', nchini Marekani inajulikana kama sheria [[dhidi ya amana]], ni eneo linalozidi kubadilika ambalo lilianza katika kutokana na amri za [[Roma ya Kale|Kirumi]] dhidi ya [[kuweka bei]] na mafundisho ya Uingereza ya [[biashara ya makini]]. Sheria ya kisasa ya mashindano inatokana na sheria za Marekani dhidi ya biashara za magendo na dhidi ya ukiritimba ([[Sheria ya Sherman]] na [[Sheria ya Clyaton]]) ya mwisho wa karne ya 20. Inatumika kudhibiti biashara zinazojaribu kutumia ushawishi wao wa kiuchumi kubadilisha biashra za sokoni bila kujali [[maslahi ya mnunuzi]]. * '''[[Kumlinda mnunuzi|Sheria ya mnunuzi]]''' inaweza kujumuisha chochote kuanzia kanuni kuhusu [[vifungu vya mikataba]] ambavyo si sawa hadi maelekezo kuhusu bima ya mizigo ya ndege. * '''[[Sheria ya mazingira]]''' inazidi kuwa muhimu, hasa katika mwanga wa [[Itifaki ya Kyoto]] na hatari inayoweza kutokana na [[mabadiliko ya hali ya anga]]. Ulinzi wa kimazingira pia intumika kuwaadhibu [[uharibifu wa mazingira|wanaoharibu mazingira]] katika mifumo ya kisheria ya kiinchi == Mifumo ya sheria == {{Main|Mifumo ya sheria duniani}} Kwa ujumla, mifumo ya kisheria inaweza kugawanywa kati ya mifumo ya kisheria ya kiraia na mifumo ya kisheria ya kawaida.<ref>Modern scholars argue that the significance of this distinction has progressively declined; the numerous [[legal transplants]], typical of modern law, result in the sharing by modern legal systems of many features traditionally considered typical of either common law or civil law (Mattei, ''Comparative Law and Economics'', 71)</ref> Maneno "sheria ya kiraia" yanayoashiria mfumo wa kisheria hayapaswi kuchanganyishwa na "sheria ya kiraia" kama kundi la masomo ya kisheria ambayo ni tofauti na [[sheria ya umma]] au ya jinai. Aina ya tatu ya mfumo wa kisheria—inayokubalika bado na baadhi ya nchi ambazo zina [[utengano wa kanisa na taifa]]—ni sheria sheria ya kidini, ambayo ina msingi wake katika [[maandiko ya kidini]]. Aina ya mfumo amabo nchi inatumia kutawala mara nyingi kudhamiriwa na historia yake, uhusiano wake na nchi zingine au kushikilia kwake kwa viwango vya kimataifa. [[Vyanzo vya sheria|Vyanzo]] ambavyo maneneo fulani ya kisheria hutumia kama kama zenye uwezo wa kuwa nguvu za kisheria ndizo sifa fafanuzi za mfumo wowote wa kisheria. Hata hivyo, uainishaji ni jambo la umbo kuliko maana, kwani sheria sawa mara nyingi hutawala. === Sheria ya kiraia === {{Main|Sheria ya kiraia}} [[Picha:Code Civil 1804.png|thumb|Ukurasa wa kwanza wa toleo la mwaka wa 1804 la [[Sheria za Kinapoleoni]]]] Sheria ya kiraia ni mfumo wa kisheria unaotumika katika nchi nyingi Duniani. Katika sheria ya kiraia vyanzo vinavyotambulika kama kuwa na mamlaka, ni, haswa, uundaji wa sheria—haswa [[Kuandika sheria (sheria)|sheria zilizoandikwa]] katika [[katiba]] au [[amri]] zinazopitishwa na serikali—na tamaduni.<ref>Civil law jurisdictions recognise custom as "the other source of law"; hence, scholars tend to divide the civil law into the broad categories of "written law" (''ius scriptum'') or legislation, and "unwritten law" (''ius non scriptum'') or custom. Yet they tend to dismiss custom as being of slight importance compared to legislation (Georgiadis, ''General Principles of Civil Law'', 19; Washofsky, ''Taking Precedent Seriously'', 7).</ref> Sheria za kuandikwa zinapatikana hata katika miaka mingi ya awali , huku mfano mmoja ukiwa [[Sheria ya Hammurabi|Codex Hammurabi]] ya [[sheria ya Kibebeli|Kibabeli]]. Mifumo ya sheria za kiraia ya kisasa inatokana na mazoezi ya kisheria ya [[Dola la Kirumi]] ambalo maadiko yake yalipatikana katika Ulaya ya [[Zama za Kati]]. Sheria ya Kirumu katika siku za [[Jamhuri ya Kiruma]] na Dola la Kirumi lilitegemea sana utaratibu, na ilikosa daraja la kitaaluma.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 18</ref> Badala uake mtu wa kawaida aliyeitwa, ''iudex'', alichagukiwa kufanya uamuzi. Kesi za awali hazikuripotiwa, kwa hivyo sheria yoyote yenye msingi katika kesi iliyoibuka ilifichwa na hata kutotambulika.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 21</ref> Kila kesi ilikuwa ilimuliwe upya kutokana na sheria za nchi, ambayo ni sawa na kupungua kwa umuhimu (kinadharia) wa uamuzi wa mahakimu kwa kesi za siku za usoni kwa mufumo ya kisheria siku za leo. Katika kipindi cha karne ya 6 NK katika [[Dola la Kibaizanti|Dola la Mashariki la Roma]], Kaisari [[Justinian I]] aliandika na kuzikusanya pamoja sheria ambazo zilikuwa zinapatikana hapo awali katika Roma, ambapo kile kilichobakia kilikuwa sehemu moja juu ya ishirini ya kiwango cha maandiko ya kisheria kutoka awali.<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 32</ref> Hili ikawa inafahamika kama ''[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]''. Kwa mujibu wa mwanahistoria mmoja wa kisheria, "Justinian alitazama kwa uangalifu hadi miaka ya dhahabu ya nyuma ya sheria ya Kirumi na alilenga kuirejesha hadi upeo wake wa karne tatu za awali."<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 35</ref> Wakati uo huo, Ulaya ya Magharibi ilitumbukia polepole katika [[Zama za Giza]], na haikuwa hadi karne ya 11ambapo wasomi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bologna]] walipoyagundua upya maandiko yaliyokuwa yamepotea na kuyatumia kuzitafsiri sheria zao.<ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 43</ref> Maandiko ya sheria za kiraia yenye msingi unaofanana kwa karibu na sheria ya Kirumu, sambamba na ushawishi mchache kutoka [[sheria za kidini]] kama vile [[sheria ya Kikanoni]] na [[Sharia|sheria ya Kiislamu]],<ref name>Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198 [196–8]</ref><ref name="Makdisi"/> iliendelea kuenea kote baranii Ulaya hadi [[Zama za Kutaalamika|Kutaalmika]]; kisha, katika karne ya 19, Ufaransa, na [[Sheria iliyoandikwa ya Kiraia]], na Ujerumani, [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]], zilifanya sheria zao zilizokuwa zimeandikwa kuwa za kisasa. Sheria hizi mbili zilizoandikwa zilisukuma vilivyo si tu mifumo ya kisheria ya nchi katika Bara Ulaya (kama vile Ugiriki), lakini pia tamaduni za kisheria za [[Sheria ya Ujapani|Ujapani]] na [[Korea ya Kusini|Kikorea]].<ref>Hatzis, ''The Short-Lived Influence of the Napoleonic Civil Code in Greece'', 253–263</ref><ref>Demirgüç-Kunt -Levine, ''Financial Structures and Economic Growth'', 204</ref> Leo, cnhi ambazo zina mifumo ya kisheria ya kiraia ni kama vile [[Sheria ya Urusi|Urusi]] na [[Sheria ya Demokrasia ya watu ya Uchina|Uchina]] na maeneo mengi ya Marekani ya [[Marekani ya Kati|Kati]] na [[Sheria ya Marekani ya Kusini|Marekani ya Kilatini]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html The World Factbook — Field Listing – Legal system] {{Wayback|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html |date=20181226012138 }}, CIA</ref> Marekani inafuata sheria ya kawaida inayofafanuliwa hapa chini. === Sheria ya kawaida na usawa === {{Main|Sheria ya kawaida}} [[Picha:King John signing the Great Charter (Magna Carta) by English School.png|thumb|Mfalme Yohana wa Uingereza anatia sahini Magna Carta]] Sheria ya kawaida na usawa ni mifumo ya kisheria ambapo uamuzi wa mahakama yanakubalika wazi kuwa vyanzo vya sheria."Mafundisho ya utangulizi", au ''[[stare decisis]]'' (Kilatini kwa "kusimama kwa uamuzi") unamaanisha kuwa sumauzi unaofanywa na mahakama yenye mamlaka kubwa yanafunga mahakama yenye mamlaka ya chini. Mifumo ya kisheria ya kawaida hutumia amri mara chache sana, zinazopitishwa na bunge, lakini huenda zikafanya jaribio ambalo si la kitaratibu kuandika sheria zao kuliko katika "mfumo wa sheria wa kiraia". Sheria ya kawaida ina asili yake nchini Uingereza na imerithiwa na karibu nchi zote ambazo hapo awali zilihusika na [[Dola la Uingereza]] (isipokuwa Malta, [[sHERIA YA|Scotland]], na jimbo la Marekani la [[Sheria ya Louisiana|Louisiana]], na jimbo la Kanada la [[sheria ya Quebec|Quebec]]). Katika Uingereza wakati wa zama za kati, [[Ushindi wa Norman dhidi ya Uingereza|ushindi wa Norman]] ulisababisha kuungana kwa desturi mbalimbali za kikabila na hivyo basi kuunda sheria ya "kawaida" ya nchi yote. Labda ikisukumwa na [[Sheria ya Kiislamu|mazoea ya kisheria ya Kiislamu]] wakati wa [[Krusedi]],<ref name=Makdisi>Makdisi, ''The Islamic Origins'', 1635–1739</ref> sheria ya kawaida iliendelea ambapo Mfalme wa Kiingereza alikuwa amefanywa kuwa dhaifu na gharama kubwa ya vita vywa kudhibiti sehemu kubwa za Ufaransa. [[Yohana wa Uingereza|Mfalme Yohana]] alikuwa amelazimishwa na mabaroni wake kutia saini hati iliyoweka vikwazo kwa mamlaka yake ya kupisha sheria. "Mkataba huu mkuu" au ''[[Magna Carta]]'' wa mwaka 1215 pia ulihitaji jopo la mahakimu wa Mfalme kufanya mikutano yao ya kimahakama na uamuzi wao katika "mahali maalum" badala ya kutoa haki ya kibepari katika maeneo yaliyokuwa magumu kutabiri kote.<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html Magna Carta] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/magnacarta.html |date=20140910155351 }}, Fordham University</ref> Kundi la mahakimu walsomi na waliokolea walipata jukumu muhimu katika kuunda sheria chini ya mfumo huu, na ikilinganishwa na wenzao Barani Ulaya mahakama ya Uingereza ilikuwa na urasimu mwingi zaidi. Kwa mfano, mnamo mwaka wa 1297, wakati ambapo mahakama kuu ya Ufaransa yalikuwa na mahakimu hamsini na wawili, [[Mahakama ya Uingereza ya Maombi ya Kawaida]] yalikuwa na watano.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 4</ref> Mahakama haya yenye nguvu na yaliyoshikamana yalisababisha mfumo wa kikiritimba.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 3</ref> Kufuatana na hilo, kadiri wakati ulivyopita, idadi iliyoongezeka ya raia waliomba Mfalme kupuuza sheria ya kawaida, na kwa niaba ya Mfalme [[Bwana Chansela]] alitoa uamuzi kufanya kile ambacho ni sawa kwa kila kesi. Kuanzia wakati wa [[Thomas More]], wakili wa kwanza kuteuliwa kama Bwana Chansela, mwili wa kimfumo wa usawa uliongezeka kando ya sheria ya kawaida yenye ukiritimba, na ilianzisha [[Mahakama yake ya Chancery]]. Mwanzoni, usawa ulikosolewa kuwa ulikosa kukosa utaratibu, na kuwa ulibadilika kulingana na urefu wa mguu wa Chansela.<ref>Pollock (ed) ''Table Talk of [[John Selden]]'' (1927) 43; "Equity is a roguish thing. For law we have a measure... equity is according to the conscience of him that is Chancellor, and as that is longer or narrower, so is equity. 'Tis all one as if they should make the stadard for the measure a Chancellor's foot."</ref> Lakini baada ya muda iliunda [[Kanuni za usawa|kanuni]], hasa chini ya [[John Scott, Ali wa kwanza wa Eldon|Bwana Eldon]].<ref>''[[Gee v Pritchard]]'' (1818) 2 Swans. 402, 414</ref> Katika karne ya 19 mifumo hiyo miwili iliunganishwa pamoja. Katika kuendeleza sheria ya kawaida na usawa, waandishi wa kitaaluma wamekuwa na jukumu muhimu. [[William Blackstone]], kuanzia kipindi cha 1760, alikuwa mwanachuoni wa kwanza kuelezea na kufunza usawa.<ref>Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk1ch1.htm Book the First – Chapter the First] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/blackstone/bk1ch1.htm |date=20130329045450 }}</ref> Lakini kwa kuelezea tu, wasomi walitafuta melezo na miunso msingi walibadilisha polepole jinisi sheria ilivyofanya kazi.<ref>Gordley-von Mehren, ''Comparative Study of Private Law'', 17</ref> === Sheria ya kidini === {{Main|Sheria ya kidini}} Sheria ya kidini inatokana na maagizo ya [[dini]]. Baadhi ya mifano ni [[Halakha]] ya [[Uyahudi|Kiyahudi]] na [[Sharia]] ya [[Uislamu]] — ambazo zote mbili zinamaanisha "njia ya kufuata" — huku [[sheria za Kanisa]] za [[Ukristo]] nazo hutumika katika [[madhehebu]] machache, kama vile [[Kanisa Katoliki]], [[Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi]] na la [[Anglikana]]. Mara nyingi dini inadai kutobadilika kwa sheria, kwa sababu [[neno la Mungu]] haliwezi kufanyiwa marekebisho wala kupingwa na mahakimu au serikali. Hata hivyo mfumo fasaha wa sheria kwa jumla unahitaji upanuzi upande wa [[binadamu]]. Kwa mfano, [[Torati]] au Vitabu Vitano vya [[Musa]] katika [[Agano la Kale]]. Vitabu hivyo vina kanuni na sheria za msingi za Uyahudi, ambayo baadhi ya jamii ya Kiisraeli huchagua kutumia. [[Halakha]] ni kanuni ya sheria za Kiyahudi inayofanya muhtasari wa baadhi ya ufafanuzi wa kitabu cha [[Talmud]]. Hata hivyo, [[Sheria za Israeli]] zinaruhusu [[mlalamikaji]] kuchagua mbinu za kidini ikiwa tu anataka. Mfano mwingine ni [[Korani]] ambayo ina sheria, na inakuwa kama chanzo cha sheria zaidi kupitia ufafanuzi,<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 159</ref> ''[[Qiyas]]'' (kulinganisha), ''[[Ijma]]'' (kufikia muafaka) na [[yaliyokwishatokea]]. Hili hasa hupatikana katika mkusanyo wa sheria na falsafa ya kisheria inayojulikana kama [[Sharia]] na [[Fiqh]]. [[Picha:1879-Ottoman Court-from-NYL.png|thumb|left|Kesi katika [[Dola la Ottoman]], mwaka [[1879]], wakati sheria ya kidini ilitumika chini ya [[Mecelle]].]] Hadi [[karne ya 18]], Sharia ilitekelezwa kote katika [[Ulimwengu wa Kiislamu]] katika mfumo ambao haukuwa umeandikwa kwa ufasaha, huku sheria ya [[Mecelle]] ya [[Dola la Ottoman]] katika [[karne ya 19]] ilikuwa ya kwanza kuandika vipengele vya Sharia. Tangu miaka ya kati ya 1940, majaribio yamefanywa, katika nchi nyingi, kufanya sheria hizo zifanane zaidi na hali na dhana za kisasa.<ref name="AA">Anderson, ''Law Reform in the Middle East'', 43</ref><ref>Giannoulatos, ''Islam'', 274–275</ref> Katika nyakati za sasa, mifumo ya kisheria katika mataifa mengi ya Kiislamu hutegemea sheria za kiraia na sheria ya kawaida na pia sheria na tamaduni za Kiislamu. Katiba za baadhi ya nchi za Kiislamu, kama vile [[Misri]] na [[Afghanistan]], zinatambua [[Uislamu]] kama sheria ya taifa, hivyo kuyafanya mabunge katika nchi hizo yasiwe na budi kufuata Sharia.<ref>Sherif, ''Constitutions of Arab Countries'', 157–158</ref> [[Saudia]] inatambua Korani kama katiba, na inatawaliwa kwa msingi wa sheria ya Kiislamu.<ref name = Jurist>[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm Saudi Arabia] {{Wayback|url=http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/saudiarabia.htm |date=20060830232216 }}, Jurist</ref> [[Iran]] pia imeshuhudia kurudi kwa sheria ya Kiislamu katika mfumo wake wa kisheria baada ya mwaka [[1979]].<ref>Akhlagi, ''Iranian Commercial Law'', 127</ref> Katika miongo michache iliyopita, mojawapo ya tofauti kuu ya harakati ya [[mwamko wa Kiislamu]] imekuwa wito wa kuirejesha Sharia, wito ambao umeibua kiasi kikubwa cha maandishi na kuathiri [[siasa]] duniani.<ref name="H1">Hallaq, ''The Origins and Evolution of Islamic Law'', 1</ref> == Nadharia ya sheria == === Historia ya Sheria === {{Main|Historia ya sheria}} [[Picha:Milkau Oberer Teil der Stele mit dem Text von Hammurapis Gesetzescode 369-2.jpg|thumb|Mfalme [[Hammurabi]] anaonyeshwa [[Sheria ya Hammurabi|mkusanyiko wa sheria]] na mungu wa jua wa Kimesopotamia [[Shamash]], ambaye pia anatambulika kama mungu wa haki]] Historia ya sheria inashikamana kwa karibu na [[maendeleo]] ya [[ustaarabu]]. Sheria ya [[Misri ya Kale]], iliyorudi nyuma mbali hadi mnamo [[3000 KK]], ilikuwa na mkusanyiko wa sheria ambao huenda ulikuwa umegawanjwa katika vitabu kumi na viwili. Ilizingatia dhana ya [[Ma'at]], iliyokuwa na sifa ya mapokeo, [[hotuba]] za [[kushawishi]], usawa wa kijamii na [[uaminifu]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Théodoridés|title = law | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt}}</ref><ref>VerSteeg, ''Law in ancient Egypt''</ref> Kufikia [[karne ya 22 KK]], [[mtawala]] wa zamani wa [[Wasumeri|Kisumeri]], [[Ur-Nammu]] alikuwa ameandaa [[Mkusanyiko wa sheria wa Ur-Nammu|mkusanyiko wa sheria]], ambao ulihusisha kauli za [[Mjadala|kimjadala]] ("ikiwa ... basi ..."). Kufikia mwaka wa [[1760 KK]], Mfalme [[Hammurabi]] aliboresha zaidi [[Sheria ya Babeli]], kwa kuikusanya na kujandika katika [[jiwe]] kubwa. Hammurabi aliweka nakala kadhaa za jiwe lile kote katika [[milki ya Babeli]] kama [[stelae]], ili watu wote waitazame; hii ilikuja kufahamika kama [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria za Hammurabi]]. Nakala iliyobaki ambayo haijaharibika sana wa stelae hizi iligunduliwa katika [[karne ya 19]] na [[Waingereza]] wasomi wa mambo ya [[Assyria|milki ya Assyria]], na tangu wakati huo imenakiliwa upya na kutafsiriwa katika [[lugha]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Kiingereza]], [[Kijerumani]] na [[Kifaransa]].<ref>Richardson, ''Hammurabi's Laws'', 11</ref> [[Agano la Kale]] lilianza mnamo [[1280 KK]], na linachukua umbo la [[amri]] za [[Maadili|kimaadili]] kama mapendekezo ya [[jamii]] nzuri. [[Miji-dola|Mji-dola]] wa [[Ugiriki ya Kale]], [[Atheni ya Kale]] kuanzia [[karne ya 8 KK]] ilikuwa jamii ya kwanza kuwa na msingi wake katika kuhusisha raia kwa upana; isipokuwa [[wanawake]] na daraja la [[watumwa]]. Hata hivyo, [[Atheni]] haikuwa na sayansi ya kisheria, na hapakuwa na neno la "sheria" isipokuwa kama dhana ya kiakili tu.<ref>Kelly, ''A Short History of Western Legal Theory'', 5–6</ref> Bado [[sheria ya Ugiriki wa Kale]] ilikuwa na uvumbuzi mkubwa wa [[Katiba ya Waatheni|kikatiba]] katika kuendeleza [[Demokrasia ya Atheni|demokrasia]].<ref>Ober, ''The Nature of Athenian Democracy'', 121</ref> [[Sheria ya Kirumi]] ilisukumwa sana na [[falsafa]] ya Kigiriki, lakini maelezo yake ya kina yaliendelezwa na wanasheria wa kitaaluma, na yalikuwa magumu sana.<ref>Kelly, ''A Short History of Western Legal Theory'', 39</ref><ref>Stein, ''Roman Law in European History'', 1</ref> Katika kipindi cha karne zilizopita kati ya kupanda na kushuka kwa [[Dola la Roma]], sheria imebadilishwa ili kukabiliana na hali za kijamii zilizokuwa zikibadilika, na ilikusanywa na kuandkiwa vilivyo wakati wa utawala wa [[kaisari]] [[Justinian I]].<ref name="St107">Kama mfumo wa kisheria, Sheria ya Kirumi imeathiri moja kwa moja sheria za duniani kote. Pia ni sehemu ya msingi ya mkusanyiko wa sheria wa nchi nyingi za [[Bara|barani]] [[Ulaya]], na imekuwa muhimu katika kuunda kwa dhana ya utamaduni sawa Ulaya (Stein, ''Sheria ya Kirumi katika Historia ya Ulaya'', 2, 104–107).</ref> Ingawa ilipungua kwa umuhimu mwanzoni mwa [[Karne za Kati]], Sheria ya Kirumi iligunduliwa upya wakati wa [[karne ya 11]] ambapo wasomi walianza kutafiti mkusanyiko wa sheria za Kirumi na kuyatumia mawazo yao. Katika Uingereza ya Zama za Kati, mahakimu wa Mfalme waliunda mwili wa [[utangulizi]], ambao baadaye ulijulikana kama [[sheria ya kawaida]]. ''[[Sheria ya biashara]]'' ya Ulaya mzima iliundwa ili kuwapa [[wafanyabiashara]] uwezo wa kufanya biashara kwa kutumia viwango sawa vya mazoezi; badala ya kutumia sheria za kimtaa zenye pande nyingi. Hiyo ''Lex Mercatoria'', mtangulizi wa sheria ya kisasa ya biashara, ilihimiza [[uhuru wa mkataba]] na kuwekwa mbali kwa mali.<ref>Sealey-Hooley, ''Commercial Law'', 14</ref> Kadiri [[utaifa]] ulipozidi katika [[karne za 18]] na 19, ndipo ''Lex Mercatoria'' ilipozidi kujumuishwa katika sheria za kimanispaa za nchi mbalimbali chini ya mkusanyiko mpya wa sheria za kiraia. [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria za Napoleoni]] na sheria za [[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch|Kijerumani]] ulikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi. Ikitofautishwa na sheria ya kawaida ya Uingereza, ambayo ina idadi kubwa ya sheria za kesi, mikusanyiko ya sheria katika vitabu vidogo ni rahisi kuuza nje ili mahakimu waweze kuitumia. Hata hivyo, hivi leo kuna ishara kuwa sheria ya kiraia na sheria ya kawaida zinazidi kukaribiana.<ref>Mattei, ''Comparative Law and Economics'', 71</ref> Sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya imekusanywa katika mikataba, lakini huendelezwa kupitia utangulizi unaofanywa na [[Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki]]. [[Picha:Constitution of India.jpg|thumb|left|[[Katiba ya nchi ya Uhindi]] ndiyo katiba ndefu zaidi iliyoandikwa kwa nchi, ikiwa na Ibara 444, Ibara 12 ndogo, na marekebisho mengi na maneno 117,369]] [[Sheria ya Kiislamu]] na [[Fiqh|falsafa ya sheria]] zilianza katika kipindi cha Zama za Kati.<ref name="Badr">Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198</ref> Mbinu ya kisheria ya utangulizi na kufikiria kupitia mlinganisho (''[[Qiyas]]'') iliyotumika katika sheria ya mapema ya Kiislamu ilifanana na na ile ya baadaye ya mfumo wa [[Sheria ya Uingereza|Sheria ya Kawaida ya Uingereza]].<ref name=Gamal>Justice Gamal Moursi Badr argues that Islamic law may "be called a [[lawyer]]'s law if common law is a [[judge]]'s law"(Badr, ''Islamic Law'', 187–198, El-Gamal, ''Islamic Finance'', 16).</ref> Hii ilitumika hasa katika shule ya [[Maliki]] ya sheria ya Kiislamu iliyopatikana sana katika eneo la Afrika Kasakazini, [[Al-Andalus|Uhispania wa Kiislamu]] na baadaye [[Sicily ya Kiemereti]]. Kati ya karne za 8 na 11, sheria ya Maliki iliendeleza [[taasisi]] nyingi zilizokuwa sambamba na taasisi za baadaye za sheria ya kawaida.<ref>The "royal English contract protected by the action of debt is identified with the Islamic ''Aqd'', the English [[assize of novel disseisin]] is identified with the Islamic ''Istihqaq'', and the English jury is identified with the Islamic ''Lafif''". Other parallels include "the [[scholastic method]], the license to teach" (''[[Ijazah]]''), the "[[law school]]s known as [[Inns of Court]] in England and ''[[Madrasah|Madrasas]]'' in Islam", and the [[Agency (law)|agency]] (''[[Hawala]]'') and [[trust law]] (''[[Waqf]]'') (Gaudiosi, ''The Influence of the Islamic Law '', 1231–1261; Makdisi, ''The Islamic Origins'', 1635–1739).</ref> Sheria ya kale ya [[Sheria ya Uhindi|Uhindi]] na [[Sheria ya uchina|Uchina]] zinawakilisha mapokeo tofauti ya sheria, na kihistoria yamekuwa na [[shule]] huru za kinadharia na mazoezi. ''[[Arthashastra]]'', ambayo pengine iliandikwa mnamo [[100]] [[BK]] (ingawa ina maandiko ya awali kidogo), na ''[[Manusmriti]]'' (100–[[300]]) yalikuwa mikataba ya uanzilishaji nchini Uhindi, na ilikuwa na maandiko yanayofikiriwa kuwa wongofu wenye mamlaka wa kisheria.<ref>For discussion of the composition and dating of these sources, see Olivelle, ''Manu's Code of Law'', 18-25.</ref> Falsafa kuu ya Manu ilikuwa kuvumiliana na [[Mfumo wa Viama Vingi (falsafa ya kisheria)|Mfumo wa Vyama Vingi]], na ilitajwa kote katika eneo la Asia ya Kusini Mashariki.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 276</ref> Mapokeo haya ya [[Uhindi|Kihindu]], pamoja na sheria ya Kiislamu, yalibadilishwa na na sheria ya kawaida wakati ambapo Uhindi ilifanywa kuwa sehemu ya [[Dola la Uingereza]].<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 273</ref> [[Malaysia]], [[Brunei]], [[Singapore]] na [[Hong Kong]] pia ilianza kutumia sheria ya kawaida, Mapokeo ya sheria ya [[Asia ya Kusini]] yanaangazia mkusanyiko maalum wa ushawishi wa kidunia na kidIni.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 287</ref> [[Ujapani]] ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza kuufanya mfumo wake wa sheria uwe wa kisasa sambamba na ule wa nchi za magharibi, kwa kuagiza sehemu za mkusanyiko wa sheria za [[Mkusanyiko wa Sheria|Ufaransa]], lakini hasa mkusanyiko wa sheria za Kijerumani.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 304</ref> Hili lilionyesha kwa kiwango fulani hadhi ya Ujerumani kama nguvu yenye uwezo mkubwa zaidi katika kipindi cha mwisho cha karne ya 19. Pia, [[sheria ya mapokeo ya Uchina]] ilifungua njia kwa kubadilishwa na nchi za magharibi kuelekea miaka ya mwisho ya [[Nasaba ya Qing|nasaba ya Ch'ing]] kupitia njia ya mkusanyiko wa sheria tatu za kibinaFsi zilizokuwa na msingi katika muundo wa Ujapani wa sheria ya Ujerumani.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 305</ref> Leo sheria ya [[Taiwan]] inabaki na mshikamano wa karibu zaidi na mkusanyiko wa sheria kutoka kipindi hicho, kwa sababu ya mgawanyiko kati ya wanataifa wa [[Chiang Kai-shek]], ambao walitoroka kutoka sehemu hiyo, na [[wakomunisti]] wa [[Mao Zedong]] waliopata ushindi wa kudhibiti bara mnamo mwaka wa [[1949]]. Muundombinu wa sasa wa Jamhuri ya Watu wa Uchina ilishawishika pakubwa na [[Sheria ya Kisoshalisti]] ya [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]], inayopea sheria ya utawala umuhimu mwingi kuliko haki za sheria ya kibinafsi.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 307</ref> Kwa sababu ya kuongezeka kwa kasi kwa viwanda, leo Uchina inapitia machakato wa wa marekebisho, angalau katika nyanja ya haki za kiuchumi, ikiwa si haki za kijamii na kisiasa. Sheria mpya ya mkataba ya mwaka wa 1999 ilikuwa ishara ya kusonga mbali na kuwa na utawala mwingi.<ref>Glenn, ''Legal Traditions of the World'', 309</ref> Isitoshe, baada ya mazungumzo yaliyodumu miaka kumi na mitano, mnamo mwaka 2001 Uchina ilijiunga na [[Shirika la Biashara Duniani]].<ref>Farah, ''Five Years of China WTO Membership'', 263–304</ref> === Falsafa ya sheria === {{Main|Falsafa ya sheria}} [[Falsafa]] ya sheria kwa kawaida inaitwa jurisprudensi. Jurisprudensi unaozidi kuongezka wenyewe ni [[falsafa ya kisiasa]], na unauliza "sheria inafaa kuwa nini?", huku jurisprudensia ya uchambuzi inauliza "sheria ni nini?". Jibu la [[utumikaji|kiutumikaji]] la [[John Austin (mwanafalsafa wa kisheria)|John Austin]] linajibu kuwa sheria ni "amri, zinazoandamana na matishio ya vkwazo, kutoka kwa mtawala, ambaye watu wote wamezoea kumtii".<ref name="jap">Bix, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/austin-john/#3 John Austin]</ref> Mawakili wa [[sheria ya kimaumbile]] kwa upande mwingine, kama vile [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], wanadokeza kwamba sheria inaangazia sheria isiyobadilika ya tabia ya kimaumbile. Dhana ya "sheria ya kimaumbile" iliibuka katika [[falsafa ya Kigiriki]] ya zamani kwa wakati mmoja na kwa pamoja na dhana ya haki, na iliingia mkondo wa [[utamaduni wa Magharibi]] kupitia maandiko ya [[Thomas Aquinas]] na maoni ya [[Falsafa ya mapema ya Kiislamu|mwanafalsafa wa Kiislamu]] na mwanasheria [[Averroes]].<ref>Roeber, ''What the Law Requires'', 887</ref><ref>Stone, ''Human Law and Human Justice'', 14, 51</ref> [[Hugo Grotius]], mwanzilishi wa mfumo uliotegemea dhana za kiakili pekee ya sheria ya kimaumbile, alidokeza kuwa sheria inatokana na msukumo wa kijamii—jinsi Aristotle alivyokuwa amesema—na kufikiria.<ref>[[Fritz Berolzheimer]], ''The World's Legal Philosophies'', 115–116</ref> [[Immanuel Kant]] aliamini kuwa amri ya kimaadili inahitaji sheria "zichaguliwe kana kwamba zinafaa kushikilia kama sheria za ilimwenguni kote za kimaumbile".<ref>[[Immanuel Kant|Kant, Immanuel]], ''Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals'', 42 (par. 434)</ref> [[Jeremy Bentham]] na mwanafunzi wake Austin, wakimfuata [[David Hume]], waliamini kuwa hili liliongeza utata wa [[Utata wa kilicho-na kinachofaa kuwepo|"kilicho" na kile ambacho "kinafaa kuwepo"]]. Bentham na Austin walisisitiza kuwe na sheria ya [[Uchanya wa sheria|uchanya]]; na kuwa sheria ya kweli ni tofauti kabisa na "maadili".<ref>Green, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/legal-positivism/ Legal Positivism]</ref> Kant pia alikosolewa na [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], ambaye alikataa kanuni ya usawa, huku akiamini kuwa sheria hutokana na [[nia kwa nguvu]], na haiwezi fanywa kuwa ya "kimaadili" au "utovu wa nidhamu".<ref>Nietzsche, ''Zur Genealogie der Moral'', Second Essay, 11</ref><ref>Kazantzakis, ''Friedrich Nietzsche and the Philosophy of Law'', 97–98</ref><ref>Linarelli, ''Nietzsche in Law's Cathedral'', 23–26</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa 1934, mwanafalsafa wa Kiaustria, [[Hans Kelsen]], alizidi na mapokeo ya uchanya katika kitabu chake ''[[Nadharia Safi ya Sheria]]''.<ref>Marmor, [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/lawphil-theory/ The Pure Theory of Law]</ref> Kelsen aliamini kuwa ingawa sheria ni tofauti na maadili, inapewa "ukawaida"; kumaanisha kuwa tunfaa kuitii. Ingawa sheria ni taarfa chanya za "ni" (k.m. faini ya kuendesha kwa kurudi nyuma katika barabara kuu ''ni'' [[Euro|€]]500); hii sheria inatuelezea kile "tunachofaa" kutenda. Kwa hivyo kila mfumo wa sheria unaweza kudadisiwa kuwa na kanuni ya msingi (''[[Grundnorm]]'') ianyotupea amri ya kutii. Mpinzani mkuu wa Kelsen, [[Carl Schmitt]], alikataa uchanya na dhana ya [[utawala wa sheria]] kwa sababu hakukubali umuhimu wa kanuni za kidhana za Uchanya badala ya mitazamo na uamuzi bayana wa kisiasa.<ref name=">Bielefeldt, ''Carl Schmitt's Critique of Liberalism'', 25–26</ref> Kwa hiyo, Schmitt alipendekeza falsafa ya sheria ya maalum ([[hali ya dharura]]), ambayo ilikanusha kuwa kanuni za kisheria zingezunguka uzoefu wote wa kisiasa.<ref name="F171">Finn, ''Constitutions in Crisis'', 170–171</ref> [[Picha:Jeremy Bentham by Henry William Pickersgill detail.jpg|thumb|Nadharia za Bentham za utumikiaji zilibaki kimya katika sheria hadi karne ya 20]] Baadaye katika karne ya 20, [[H. L. A. Hart]] alimshambulia Austin kwa kurahisisha kwake kwa suala hilo na Kelsen kwa kutunga kwake kwa mambo ya kihadithi katika kitabu cha ''[[Dhana ya Sheria]]''.<ref>Bayles, ''Hart's Legal Philosophy'', 21</ref> Hart alidokeza kuwa sheria ni mfumo wa kanuni, zilizogawanywa kuwa (kanuni za maadili) ambazo ndizo za kimsingi na sheria za upili (zinazowalenga maafisa kusimamia kanuni msingi). Kanuni za upili zimegawanywa zaidi kuwa sheria za uamuzi (kutatua migogoro ya kisheria), kanuni za mabadiliko (zinazoruhusu sheria kuwa tofauti) na sheria ya utambuzi(inayoruhusu sheria kutambulika kama halali). Wawili kati ya wanafunzi wa Hart waliendeleza mjadala: Ktaika kitabu chake ''Dola la Sheria'', [[Ronald Dworkin]] alimshabulia Hart na wachanya kwa kukataa kwao la kufanya sheria iwe suala la kimaadili. Dworkin anadokeza kuwa sheria ni dhana ya "[[utafsirishaji (sheria)|kitafsiri]]",<ref>Dworkin, ''Law's Empire'', 410</ref> inayowataka mahakimu kupata suluhisho bora zaidi kwa mgogoro wa kisheria, kwa mujibu wa mila zao. [[Joseph Raz]], kwa upande mwingine, anawataka alitetea mtazamo wa kichanya na kukosoa mtazamo wa Hart wa "nadharia laini ya kijamii" katika kitabu chake ''Mamlaka ya Sheria''.<ref name="jra">Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 3–36</ref> Raz anadokeza kuwa sheria ni mamlaka, yanayotambulika kupitia vyanzo vya kijamii na bila kurejelea hoja za kimaadili. Katika maoni yake, uainishaji wowote wa kanuni zozote zaidi ya majukumu yao kama vifaa vya kimamlaka katika upatanisha ni bora yaachiwe [[elimu ya jamii]], badala ya falsafa ya sheria.<ref>Raz, ''The Authority of Law'', 37 etc.</ref> === Uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria === {{Main|Sheria na uchumi}} Katika karne ya 18 [[Adam Smith]] aliwasilisha msingi wa kifalsafa wa kuelezea uhusiano kati ya sheria na uchumi.<ref>According to Malloy (''Law and Economics'', 114), Smith established "a classical liberal philosophy that made individuals the key referential sign while acknowledging that we live not alone but in community with others".</ref> Taaluma hiyo ilitokana na mchango wa ukosoaji dhidi ya vyama vya wafanyikazi na [[sheria dhidi ya amana]] nchini Marekani. Watetezi wa taaluma hii waliokuwa na ushawishi mkubwa zaidi, kama vile [[Richard Posner]] na [[Oliver E. Williamson|Oliver Williamson]] na kinachojulikana kama [[Shule ya Chicago (uchumi)|Shule ya Chicago]] ya wanauchumi na mawakili ikiwemo [[Milton Friedman]] na [[Gary Becker]], kwa jumla ni watetezi wa [[uouguzaji wa udhibiti]] na [[ubinafsishaji]], na ni maadui wa udhibiti wa serikali au kile wanachokiona kuwa vikwazo dhidi ya unedeshaji wa ma[[soko huru]].<ref>Jakoby, ''Economic Ideas and the Labour Market'', 53</ref> [[Picha:Richard-A-Posner.jpg|thumb|left|[[Richard Posner]], mmoja wa watetezi wa [[Chuo cha Chicago (uchumi)|Chuo cha Chicago]], huandika blogu pamoja na [[Gary Becker]] mwanauchumi ambaye ni mshindi wa [[Tuzo la Benki ya Uswidi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/ |title=The Becker-Posner Blog |accessdate=2007-02-03 |archive-date=2011-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223220214/http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>]] Mchambuzi maarufu zaidi wa kiuchumi wa sheria ni mshindi wa [[Tujo la Nobel la Uchumi|Tuzo la Nobel]] la mnamo 1991 [[Ronald Coase]], ambaye makala yake makuu ya kwanza, ''[[Hali ya Kampuni]]'' (1937), kulidokeza sababu za kuwepo kwa makampuni mbalimbali (makampuni, ubia, n.k.) ndiyo kuwepo kwa [[gharama za biashara]].<ref>Coase, ''The Nature of the Firm'', 386–405</ref> [[Homo economicus|Binadamu ambao hufikiria kawaida]] hufanya biashara kupitia mikataba ya bilaterala katika masoko wazi hadi wakati ambapo gharama ya biashara kunamaanisha kuwa kutumia makampuni ya kihalmasahhuri ili kuzalisha bidha ni ya ufanisi mwingi zaidi.Makala yake makuu ya pili, ''[[Shida ya Gharama ya Kijamii]]'' (1960), yalidokeza kuwa tunaishi katika Dunia bila gharama za kibiashara, watu ambao [[kuongea kuhusu gharama|huongea kuhusu gharama]] pamoja wanatengeneza mgao sawa wa rasilimali, buila kujali jinsi mahakama yanavyoweza kuamua katika migogoro kuhusu mali.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', 1–44</ref> Coase alitumia mfano wa kesi ya [[kero]] iliyoitwa ''[[Sturges dhidi ya Bridgman]]'', ambapo mtengenezaji peremende ambaye alipiga kelele nyingi na daktari mtulivu walikuwa majirani na walienda mahakamani ili wajue nani kati yao ndiye angefa kuhama.<ref name="Sturges"/> Coase alisema kuwa bila kujali ikiwa hakimu aliamua kuwa mtengenezaji peremende angefaa kuwacha kutumia mashine zake, au ikiwa ingembidi daktari kuvumilia kelele ile, wote wawili wangefikia mapatano ya pamoja kuhusu nani ndiye angefaa kuhama ambayo yanafikia matokeo sawa na mgawanyo wa rasilimali. Ni kuwepo tu kwa [[bei za biashara]] kunaoweza kuzuia hili.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', IV, 7</ref> Kwa hivyo sheria infaa kutazamia kile ambacho ''huenda kikafanyika'', na kuongozwa na ufumbuzi wenye [[ufanisi (uchumi)|ufanisi]]. Wenye kuunda mipango serikalini wanaamini wazo kwamba sheria na vikwazo si muhimu au zenye ufanisi katika kuwasaidia watu.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', V, 9</ref> Coase na wengine kama yeye walitaka mabadiliko ya mbinu, ili kuweka mzigo wa ushahidi katika serikali iliyokuwa ikiingilia soko, kwa kuchambua gharama za hatua.<ref>Coase, ''The Problem of Social Cost'', VIII, 23</ref> === Elimujamii ya sheria === {{Main|Elimujamii ya sheria}} Somo la kijamii la sheria ni taaluma pana ya masomo inayotazama mwingiliano kati ya sheria na jamii na inahusiana kwa karibu na falsafa ya sheria, uchambuzi wa kiuchumi wa sheria na masomo maalum zaidi kama [[somo la jinai]].<ref name="Jary">Jary, ''Collins Dictionary of Sociology'', 636</ref> Taasisi za [[ujenzi wa jamii]] na mifumo ya kisheria ni maeneo muhimu ya uchunguzi wa taaluma hii. Mwanzoni, wananadharia wa kisheria walishuku taaluma hii. Kelesen alimshambuliwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wake, [[Eugen Ehrlich]], ambaye alitaka kuweka wazi tofauti kati ya sheria ya uchanya, ambayo mawakili wanajifunza na kutumia, na aina zingine za 'sheria' au kanuni za kijamii zinazodhibiti maisha ya kila siku, na kwa jumla kuzuiwa migogoro isiwafikie mawakili mahakamani.<ref>Rottleuthner, ''La Sociologie du Droit en Allemagne'', 109</ref><ref>Rottleuthner, ''Rechtstheoritische Probleme der Sociologie des Rechts'', 521</ref> [[Picha:Max Weber 1917.jpg|thumb|left|[[Max Weber]] mnamo mwaka wa 1917, Weber alianza kazi yake kama wakili, na antazamwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa somo la jamii na somo la jamii la kisheria]] Katika kipindi cha mwaka 1900 [[Max Weber]] alifafanua mbinu yake ya "kisayansi" ya sheria, huku akitambua "umbo la kimantiki ya sheria" kama aina ya utawala, ambao si chanzo cha watu lakini kwa dhana za kiakili.<ref>Rheinstein, ''Max Weber on Law and Economy in Society'', 336</ref> [[Mamalaka ya kimantiki ya sheria|Umantiki wa kisheria]] yalikuwa maneno yake aliyoyatumia kuelezea mwili wa sheria zinazoeleweka na zinazoweza kuhesabika na zilikuwa hatua ya kwanza ya maendeleo ya kisasa ya kisiasa na taifa la ukiritimba la kisasa na kuibuka sambamba na [[ubepari]].<ref name="Jary"/> Msomi mwingine wa somo la jamii, [[Émile Durkheim]], aliandika katika ''Mgawanyo wa Ujira na Jamii'' kuwa kadiri jamii inavyozidi kuwa kubwa, ndivyo mwili wa sheria ya kiraia unaohusika hasa na fidia unapozidi kukuwa kwa gharama ya sheria za jinai na vikwazo vya kisheria.<ref>Johnson, ''The Blackwell Dictionary of Sociology, 156</ref> Wasomi wengine wa somo la jamii ni [[Hugo Sinzheimer]], [[Theodor Geiger]], [[Georges Gurvitch]] na [[Leon Petrażycki]] Barani Ulaya, na [[William Graham Sumner]] nchini Marekani<ref>Gurvitch, ''Sociology of Law'', 142</ref><ref>Papachristou, ''Sociology of Law'', 81–82</ref> == Taasisi za kisheria == Sheria si mwili wa kanuni zisizobadilika bali ni "machakato badilifu wa kanuni zinazobadilishwa kila wakati, kuundwa, na kupewa umbo ili kuambatana na hali fulani."<ref>Hamilton and Spiro, ''The Dynamics of Law'', 3</ref> Mabadiliko yanafanywa kila wakati na taasisi mbalimbali katika jamii. Taasisi kuu za sheria katika [[Demokrasia huru]] ni [[Mahakama huru]], [[Haki ya jinai|mifumo ya haki]], [[bunge]], serikali yenye [[uwajibikaji]], na ukiritimba wenye uwezo na usiokuwa na ufisadi , kiksoi cha polisi, [[kudhibitiwa kwa jeshi na raia]] na taaluma ya kisheria yenye nguvu inayohakikisha watu wanapta haki na jamii ya kiraia mbalimbali—neno linalotumika kuashiria taasisi za kijamii, jamii na ushirikiano unaunda msingi wa kisiasa wa sheria.<ref>Jakobs, ''Pursuing Equal Opportunities'', 5–6</ref><ref>Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 275 etc.</ref> John Locke, katika ''[[Maandiko Mawili kuhusu Serikali]]'', na [[Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu|Baron de Montesquieu]] katika ''[[Roho ya Sheria]]'', walitetea [[mgawanyo wa madaraka]] kati ya miili ya kisiasa ya bunge na serikali.<ref>[[Montesquieu]], ''The Spirit of Laws'', [http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol_11.htm#006 Book XI: Of the Laws Which Establish Political Liberty, with Regard to the Constitution, Chapters 6–7]</ref> Kanuni yao ilikuwa kuwa hakuna mtu anayefaa kuwa na uwezo wa kuchukua mamlaka yote ya [[Taifa huru|taifa]], ikitofautishwa na nadharia ya [[uimla]] ya [[Thomas Hobbes]]' ''[[Leviathan (book)|Leviathan]]''.<ref name="H17">Thomas Hobbes, ''Leviathan'', [https://carvercantin.com/thomas-hobbes-leviathan-xvii/ XVII]</ref> [[Max Weber]] na wengine walibadilisha mawazo kuhusu taifa. Jeshi la kisasa, upolisi na mamalaka ya ukiritimba juu ya masiha ya raia wa kawaida husababisha matatizo maalum ya uwajibikaji ambayo waandishi wa awali kama vile Locke au Montesquieu hawangeweza kutabiri. Mashirika ya kisasa ya kimataifa huzingatia umuhimu wa utawala wa sheria na [[utawala mzuri]], huku waandishi wengine hutafiti uhsusiano kati ya utawala wa sheria na utawala wa ufanisi katika nchi za kisasa.<ref>Curtin–Wessel, ''Good Governance'', 73</ref><ref>Fukuyama, ''State-Building'', 132</ref> === Mahakama === {{Main|Mahakama}} Mahakama ni idadi ya [[mahakimu]] wanaosikiza migogoro ili kuamua matokeo. Nchi nyingi zina mfumo wa mahakama ya [[rufaa]], yanayojibu kwa mamlaka makuu ya kisheria. Nchini Marekani haya ni [[Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani]];<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000711024627/http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/briefoverview.pdf A Brief Overview of the Supreme Court], Supreme Court of the United States</ref> nchini Australia, [[Mahakama Kuu ya Australia]]; nchini Uingereza , ni [[Mahakama Kuu ya Uingereza]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091016151227/http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/ |archivedate=2009-10-16 }}</ref> (tangu tarehe1 Oktoba 2009; hapo awali yalikuwa, [[Nyumba ya Mabwana]]);<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20000711024627/http://www.supremecourtus.gov/about/briefoverview.pdf House of Lords Judgements], House of Lords</ref> nchini Ujerumani ni ''[[Bundesverfassungsgericht]]''; nchini Ufaransa ni ''[[Cour de cassation (Ufaransa)|Cour de Cassation]]''.<ref>[http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/entscheidungen.html Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/entscheidungen.html |date=20061121164330 }}, Bundesverfassungsgericht</ref><ref>[http://www.courdecassation.fr/jurisprudence_publications_documentation_2/ Jurisprudence, publications, documentation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.courdecassation.fr/jurisprudence_publications_documentation_2/ |date=20070209144055 }}, Cour de cassation</ref> Kwa nchi nyingi za Ulaya Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki nchini Luxembourg inaweza kuukataa umauzi wa kitaifa, wakati ambapo sheria ya Umoja wa Ulaya inafaa. Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Kibinadamu inayopatikana Strasbourg inawaruhusu raia wa nchi wanachama za [[Baraza la Ulaya]] kuleta kesi zao zinzohusiana na haki za kibinadamu mbele yake.<ref>Goldhaber, ''European Court of Human Rights'', 1–2</ref> Baadhi ya nchi huruhusu mamlaka yao makuu ya mahakama kukataa sheria wanayopata kuwa [[kinyume na katiba]]. Katika kesi ya ''[[Roe dhidi ya Wade]]'', Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani ilipindua sheria ya jimbo la Texas iliyopiga marufuku kutoa msaada kwa wanawake wenye nia ya [[Kuavya mimba]].<ref>''[[Roe v Wade]]'' (1973) [http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=410&page=113 410 U.S. 113] Retrieved 2007-01-26</ref> [[Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne ya Katiba ya Marekani|Marekebisho ya Kumi na Nne]] ya katiba ya Marekani yalikuwa yametafsiriwa kuwapa ya [[faragha]], na kwa hivyo haki ya mwanamke kuchagua kuavya mimba. Mahakama kinadharia yamefundwa na katiba, kama tu miili ya bunge. Katika nchi nyingi, mahakimu wana uwezo tu wa [[utafsiri (sheria)|kutafsiri]] katiba na sheria zingine zote. Lakini katika nchi zasheria ya kawaida, ambapo mambo si ya kikatiba, mahakama pia yanweza kuunda sheria chini ya [[mafundisho ya utangulizi]]. Uingereza, Finland na New Zealand hutumia dhana ya [[uhuru wa bunge]], ambapo mahakama ambayo hayajachaguliwa hayawezi kupindua sheria iliyopitishwa na bunge la kidemokrasia.<ref>Dicey, ''Law of the Constitution'', 37–82</ref> Katika [[Ukomiunisti|nchi za kikomiunisti]], kama vile Uchina, mahakama mara nyingi hutazamwa kama sehemu ya serikali, au kuwa chini ya bunge; taasisi za kiserikali na watendaji mbalimbali basi wana ushawishi tofauti kwa mahakama.<ref>E.g., the court president is a political appointee (Jensen–Heller, ''Introduction'', 11–12). About the notion of "judicial independence" in China, see Findlay, ''Judiciary in the PRC'', 282–284</ref> Katika nchi za Kiislamu, mahakama mara nyingi huchunguza ikiwa sheria za nchi zinafuata Sharia: [[Mahakama Kuu ya Kikatiba ya Misri]] inaweza kuoinga sheria kama hizo,<ref name="ReferenceA">Sherif, ''Constitutions of Arab Countries'', 158</ref> Na nchini Iran [[Baraza la Ulinzi]] linahakikisha uwiano wa sheria zinazopitishwa na "vigezo vya Uislamu".<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>Rasekh, ''Islamism and Republicanism'', 115–116</ref> === Bunge === {{Main|Bunge}} [[Picha:European-parliament-brussels-inside.JPG|thumb|Chumba cha mjadala cha [[Bunge la Ulaya]]]] Mifano maarufu ya bunge ni [[Majumba ya Bunge]] mjini London, [[Bunge la Marekani|Kongresi]] mjini Washingtin D.C., [[Bundestag]] mjini Berlin na [[Duma]] nchini Moscow, [[Bunge la Italia|Parlamento Italiano]] mjini Roma na [[Bunge la Ufaransa|''Assemblée nationale'']] mjini Paris. Kwa kanuni ya serikali wakilishi watu hupigia kura wanasiasa ili watimize ''matakwa'' yao. Ingawa nchi kama Israeli, Ugiriki, Uswidi na Uchina zina [[nyumba moja ya bunge]], nchi nyingi zina [[nyumba mbili za bunge]], kumaanisha kuwa zina nyumba mbili za kibunge zinazochaguliwa tofauti. Katika 'nyumba ya chini' wanasiasa wanachaguliwa kuwakilisha [[Eneo wakilishi bungeni|maeneo wakilishi bungeni]]. 'Nymba ya juu' kawaida huchaguliwa kuwakilisha majimbo katika mfumo wa [[Jamhuri ya majimbo|majimbo]] (kama vile nchii Australia, Ujerumani au Marekani) au upigaji kura tofauti katika katika mfumo wa umoja (kama vile nchini Ufaransa). Nchini Uingereza nyumba ya juu inachaguliwa na na serikali kama [[Nyumba ya mabwana|nyumba ya marudio]]. Ukosoaji mmoja wa mifumo yenye nyumba mbili yenye nyumba mbili zilizochaguliwa ni kuwa nyumba ya juu na ya chini huenda zikafanana. Utetezi wa tangu jadi wa mifumo ya nyumba mbili nni kuwa chumba cha juu huwa kama nyumba ya marekebisho. Hili linaweza kupunguza uonevu na dhuluma katika hatua ya kiserikali'', 101</ref> Ili kupitisha sheria, idadi kubwa ya [[Wabunge]] lazima [[wapige kura]] ili [[muswada (sheria inayopendekezwa)]] upitishwe katika kila nyumba. Kawaida kutakuwa na kusoma kwingi na marekebesho mengi yaliyopendekezwa na makundi tofaiti ya kisiasa. Ikiwa nchi ina katiba inayofuatiliwa vyema, idadi maalum ya mabadiliko katika katiba yanahitajika, hivyo kufanya iwe gumu kubadilisha sheria. Serikali kwa kawaida huongoza mchakato huo, ambao unaweza kujumuisha [[Wabunge]] (k.m. nchini Uingereza na Ujerumani). Lakini katika mfumo wa kiraisi, serikali inachagua [[Baraza la mawaziri (serikali)|baraza la mawaziri]] kutawala kutoka kwa washirika wake [[kisiasa]] ikiwa wamechaguliwa au la (k.m. nchini Marekani au Brazili), na jukumu la bunge linapunguza liwe [[kukubali]] au [[kukataa]].<ref>About "cabinet accountability" in both presidential and parliamentary systems, see Shugart–Haggard, ''Presidential Systems'', 67 etc.</ref> === Serikali === {{Main|Serikali}} [[Picha:Dmitry Medvedev 2 April 2009-1.jpg|right|thumb| Mikutano ya [[G20]] inahusisha wawakilishi wa serikali ya kila nchi]] Mtendaji katika mfumo wa kisheria hutumika kama kituo cha [[serikali]] cha [[mamlaka]] ya kisiasa. Katika [[mfumo wa kibunge]], kama vile nchini Uingereza, Italia, Ujerumani na Ujapani, mtendaji hujulikana kama [[Baraza (serikali)|serikali]], na huwa na wanachama wa bunge. Mtendaji huchaguliwa na [[Waziri Mkuu]] au [[Chansela]], ambaye ofisi yake ina nguvu za chini ya [[Kura ya kutokuwa na imani|imani]] ya bunge. Kwa sababu uchaguzi wenye watu wengi huteua vyama vya kisiasa kutawala, kiongozi a chama anaweza kubadilika katika kipindi kabla ya uchaguzi mwingine. [[Mkuu wa Taifa]] ni kando na mtendaji, na kimfano hupitisha sheria na huwa kama mwakilishi wa nchi. Baadhi ya mifano ni [[Rais wa Ujerumani]] (anayeapishwa na Bunge); [[Malkia wa Uingereza]] (wadhifa wa [[kurithi]]), na [[Rais wa Austria]] (anachaguliwa kwa kura ya wengi). Mfano mwingine muhimu ni [[mfumo wa kirais]], unaopatikana nchini Ufaransa, Marekani na Urusi. Katika mifumo ya kirais, mtrndaji huwa kama mkuu wa taifa na mkuu wa serikali, na ana nguvu za kuchagua baraza la mawaziri pekee yake. Chini ya mfumo wa kirais, tawi la mtendaji ni kando na bunge ambapo haiwajibiki mbele ya bunge.<ref>Haggard, ''Presidents, Parliaments and Policy'', 71</ref><ref>Olson, ''The New Parliaments of Central and Eastern Europe'', 7</ref> Ingawa jukumu la mtendaji ni tofauti toka nchi moja hado nyingine, kawaida itapendekeza wingi wa sheria, na kupendekeza ajenda ya serikali. Katika mifumo ya kirais, mtendaji mara nyingi ana nguvu za kukataa sheria. Mara nyingi mtendaji katika mifumo yote ana wajibu wa [[sera za mahusiano ya nje]], jeshi na polisi na urasimu. [[Mawaziri]] au maafisa wengine wanasimamia ofisi za nchi, kama vile [[Waziri wa nje|wizara ya nje]] au [[Waziri wa ndani|wizara ya ndani]]. Uchaguzi wa mtendaji tofauti kwa hivyo ina uwezo wa kupindua mtazamo wa nchi nzima wa serikali. === Jeshi na polisi === {{Main|Jeshi|Polisi}} [[Picha:US Customs and Border Protection officers.jpg|thumb|Maafisa wa [[Marekani wa Forodha na Ulinzi wa Mipaka]]]] Ingawa mashirika ya kijeshi yamekuwepo kwa muda mrefu kama serikali yenyewe, dhana la kikosi cha polisi kilicho tayari ni dhana ya kisasa. Mfumo wa [[Uingereza ya Zama za Kati]] ya [[mahakama ya jinai]] ya kusafiri, au [[Mahakama ya assize|assize]], ilitumia [[kesi za maonyesho]] na unyongaji hadharani kufanya jamii ziwe na hofu na hivyo kudumisha udhibiti.<ref>See, eg ''[[Tuberville v Savage]]'' (1669), 1 Mod. Rep. 3, 86 Eng. Rep. 684, where a knight said in a threatening tone to a layman, "If it were not assize time, I would not take such language from you."</ref> Polisi wa kwanza wa kisasa pengine walikuwa wale wa Paris wa karne ya 17, katika mahakama ya [[Louis XIV wa Ufaransa|Louis XIV]],<ref>[http://www.history.com/encyclopedia.do?articleId=219522 History of Police Forces], History.com Encyclopedia</ref> ingawa Polisi wa Mkoa wa Paris ndio wanadai kuwa wao ndio waliokuwa wa kwanza kuvaa sare.<ref>[http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo4.htm Des Sergents de Ville et Gardiens de la Paix à la Police de Proximité] {{Wayback|url=http://www.prefecture-police-paris.interieur.gouv.fr/documentation/bicentenaire/theme_expo4.htm |date=20080506215949 }}, La Préfecture de Police</ref> Weber yu maarufu kwa kudokeza kwamba taifa ni lile ambalo linadhibiti kihalali utumizi wa kipekee wa vurugu.<ref name="mwp154">Weber, [[s:Politics as a Vocation|Politics as a Vocation]]</ref><ref>Weber, ''The Theory of Social and Economic Organisation'', 154</ref> Majeshi na askari wanalinda usalama kufuatana na amri ya serikali au mahakama. Maneno [[taifa lililopangarayika]] yanaashiria taifa ambalo haliwezi kutekeleza au kulazimisha sera; askari wao na majeshi hawana uwezo wa kulinda usalama na amani na jamii inaelekea [[vurugu pekee]], wakati serikali inapokosekana.<ref>In these cases sovereignty is eroded, and often warlords acquire excessive powers (Fukuyama, ''State-Building'', 166–167).</ref> === Urasimu === {{Main|Urasimu}} [[Picha:UN Headquarters 2.jpg|thumb| Makao makuu ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] mjini New York yana watumishi wa kiserikali wanaotoa huduma kwa mataifa wanachama 192 ya shirika hilo.]] Asili ya neno "Urasimu" kwa Kiingereza (bureaucracy) ni neno la Kifaransa la "ofisi" (''bureau'') na neno la [[Kigiriki cha Zamani]] cha "nguvu" (''kratos'').<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=bureaucracy&searchmode Bureaucracy], Online Etymology Dictionary</ref> Kama tu wanajeshi na polisi, watumishi wa mfumo wa kisheria wa serikali na miili inayounda urasimu wake hufuata maagizo ya Mtendaji. Mojawapo ya marejeo kwa dhana yalifanywa [[Friedrich Melchior, baron von Grimm|Baron de Grimm]], mwandishi wa Kijerumani aliyeishi nchini Ufaransa. Mnamo mwaka wa 1765 aliandika, <blockquote>Roho halisi ya sheria nchini Ufaransa ni urasimu amabo marehemu Monsieur de Gournay alikuwa akilalamika sana kuhusu; hapa ofisi, makarani, makatibu, wasimamizi na ''wanaonuia kufanya kazi fulani'' hawaapishwi kufaidi maslahi ya umma, kwa hakika maslahi ya ummayanaonekana kuanzishwa ili ofisi hizo ziwepo.<ref>Albrow, ''Bureaucracy'', 16</ref></blockquote> Wasiwasi kuhusu "utawala wa kiofisi" bado ni kawaida, na utendaji wa watumishi wa umma kawaida hutofautishwa na wa [[kampuni za kibinafsi]] zinazoendeshwa na lengo la [[faida]].<ref>Mises, ''Bureaucracy'', II, [http://www.mises.org/etexts/mises/bureaucracy/section2.asp Bureaucratic Management]</ref> Kwa kweli kampuni za kibinafsi, hasa zile kubwa, pia zina urasimu.<ref name="K367">Kettl, ''Public Bureaucracies'', 367</ref> Mtazamo mbaya wa "[[urasimu]]" kando, huduma za umma kama vile elimu, afya na shughuli za polisi au [[uchukuzi wa umma]] ni kazi muhimu nchi hivyo basi kufanya urasimu wa umma chanzo cha nguvu za serikali.<ref name="K367" /> Akiandika mapema katika karne ya 20, Max Weber aliamini kuwa sifa muhimu ya nchi iliyoendelea ilikuwa imekuwa msaada wake wa kirasimu.<ref name="mwp393">Weber, ''Economy and Society'', I, 393</ref> Weber aliandika kuwa sifa za kawaida za urasimu wa kisasa ni kuwa maafisa wanafafanua lengo lake, wigo wa kazi umefungwa na kanuni, usimamizi unajumuisha wataalamu wa wataalamu wa kitaaluma, amabo ambao husimamia kuanzia juu kuenda chini, wakiwasiliana kupitia kuandika na kufunga uwezo wa wafanyikazi wa umma kufanya watakavyo kwa kutumia kanuni.<ref>Kettl, ''Public Bureaucracies'', 371</ref> === Taaluma ya sheria === {{Main|Taaluma ya sheria}} [[Picha:Quentin_Massys_-_Portrait_of_a_Man_-_National_Gallery_of_Scotland.jpg|thumb|Katika mifumo ya sheria ya kiraia kama ile ya Ufaransa, Ujerumani, Italia, Uhispania na Ugiriki, kuna aina maalum ya [[Karani wa sheria ya kiraia]], afisaa wa umma mwenye ufunzi wa kisheria, anayelipwa fidia na wanaofanya biasharaa.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 22</ref> Hii ni picha ya karne ya 16 ya karani wa sheria ya kiraia kama huyo ya mchoraji wa Kiflemi [[Quentin Massys]].]] Hitimisho la utawala wa sheria ni kuwepo kwa taaluma ya kisheria yenye uhuru wa kutosha wa kuweza kuomba mamlaka ya mahakama huru; haki ya usaidizi kusaidiwa na [[wakili]] mahakamani uanatokana na hitimisho hili—nchini Uingereza kazi ya wakili inatofautishwa na ile ya mshauri wa kisheria.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 1</ref> Kama mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Binadamu yanavyosema, sheria inafaa kupatikana na kila mtu na waty wanfaa kutabiri jinsi sheria itakavyowaathiri.<ref>''[[The Sunday Times v The United Kingdom]]'' [1979] [http://www.worldlii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1979/1.html ECHR 1 at 49] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldlii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1979/1.html |date=20060916131454 }} Case no. 6538/74</ref> Ili kudumisha utaaluma, [[zoezi la sheria]] kawaida linachungwa na serikali au mwili huru kama vile [[chama cha mawikili]], [[baraza la mawakili]] au [[jamii ya sheria]]. Mawakili wa kisasa wanapata utambulisho maalum wa kisheria kupitia taratibu maalum za kisheria (k.m. mafanikio katika mitihani), yanahitajika na sheria ili kuwa na cheti maalum (elimi ya kisheria inayompa mwanafunzi [[Shahada ya Sheria]], [[Shahada ya Sgeria ya Kiraia]], au [[Shahada]] ya [[Juris Doctor]]<ref>Higher academic degrees may also be pursued. Examples include a [[Master of Laws]], a [[Master of Legal Studies]] or a [[Doctor of Laws]].</ref>), na zinawekwa ofisini kwa kutumia fomu za kisheria za kuapishwa ([[kukubaliwa katika baraza la mawakili]]). Nchi nyingi za Kiisalmu zina sheria sawa kuhusu elimu ya kisheria na taaluma ya kisheria, lakini zingine bado zinaruhusu mawakili wenye mafunzo katika sheria ya Kiislamu ya jadi katika taaaluma ua sheria katika mahakama ya hadhi ya kibinasfi.<ref>Ahamd, [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001195205/http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf Lawyers: Islamic Law]</ref> Nchini Uchina na katika nchi zingine za ulimwengu unaoendelea hakuna watu wa kutosha wenye mafunzo ya kisheria kufanya kazi katika mifumo ya mahakama iliyopo katika nchi hizo, na, kufuatana na hilo, viwango rasmi si vikali sana.<ref>Hazard–Dondi, ''Legal Ethics'', 22–23</ref> Baada ya kupata kukubalika, wakili mara nyingi atafanya kazi katika [[kampuni ya sheria]], katika [[vyumba (sheria)|vyumba]] kama wakili wa kipekee, katika wadhifa wa kiserikali au katika shirika la kibinafsi kama [[mshauri]] wa ndani. Isitoshe wakili anaweza kuwa [[|utafiti wa kisheria|mtafiti wa kisheria]] anayepeana uatafiti wa kisheria unapoitishwa kupitia maktaba, huduma ya kibiashara au kazi isiyokuwa na muajiri mmoja. Watu wengi wenye mafunzo katika sheria walitumia utafiti wao katika taaluma nyingine tofauti kabisa. Adhimu kwa zoezi la sheria katika mapokeo ya sheria ya kawaida ni utafiti wa kisheria kujua hali ya wakati wa sasa wa sheria. Hili linahushisha kuchunguza [[ripoti za sheria|ripoti za kesi]], [[majarida ya kisheria]] na sheria. Zoezi la sheria pia inahusu kuandika hati kama vile [[kuiitia]] kwa mahakama, [[brifu [sheria)|brifu]], mikataba, au [[amana]]. Majadiliano na ujuzu wa [[kusuluhisha migogoro]] (ikijumuisha mbinu za [[Mbinu za Masuluhisho ya Kimbadala|ADR]]) pia ni muhimi kwa zoezi la sheria, ikitegemea na aina ya taaluma.<ref>Fine, ''The Globalisation of Legal Education'', 364</ref> === Mashirika ya kijamii === {{Main|Mashirika ya kijamii}} [[Picha:1963 march on washington.jpg|thumb|Maandamano mjini Washington D.C. wakati wa [[Harakati za Haki za Kiraia za Wamarekani wenye asili ya Kiafrika (1955–1968)|Harakati ya Haki za Kiraia ya Marekani]] mnamo mwaka wa 1963]] Dhana ya [[Kiripablikani wakati kulipokuwa na madaraja mbalimbali ya kijamii]] ya "mashirika ya kijamii" ilianzia wakati wa Hobbes na Locke.<ref>Warren, ''Civil Society'', 3–4</ref> Locke aliona mashirika ya kijamii kama watu wenye "sheria sawa na mahakama [[kurejelea]] , yenye mamlaka ya kuamua utata baina yao."<ref>Locke, ''[[s:Two Treatises of Government/The Second Treatise of Government: An Essay Concerning the True Origin, Extent, and End of Civil Government|Second Treatise]]'', Chap. VII, Of Political or Civil_Society. Chapter 7, section 87</ref> Mwanafalsafa wa Kijerumani [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel]] alitofautisha "taifa" na "mashirika ya kijamii" (''burgerliche Gesellschaft'') katika kitabu chake ''[[Vipengele vya Falsafa ya Sawa]]''.<ref>Hegel, ''Elements of the Philosophy of Right'', 3, II, [http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/hegel/works/pr/prcivils.htm 182]; Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 277–278</ref> Hegel aliamini kuwa [[mashirika ya kijamii]] na [[Taifa huru|taifa]] zilikuwa kinyume kabisa, katika mpangilio wa nadharia yake ya historia. Taifa la kisasa lenye pande hizi mbili–mashirika ya kijamii lilizaliwa tena katika nadharia za [[Alexis de Tocqueville]] na [[Karl Marx]].<ref>(Pelczynski, ''The State and Civil Society'', 1–13; Warren, ''Civil Society'', 5–9)</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Zaleski | first = Pawel | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Tocqueville on Civilian Society. A Romantic Vision of the Dichotomic Structure of Social Reality | journal = Archiv für Begriffsgeschichte | volume = 50 | issue = | pages = | publisher = Felix Meiner Verlag | location = | year = 2008 | url = | issn = | doi = | id = | accessdate = }} </ref> Siku hizi katika nadharia ya wakati wa baada ya kisasa za mashirika la kijamii lazima iwe chanzo cha sheria, kwa kuwa msingi ambapo watu wanaunda maoni na kushwishi yale wanayoamini sheria inafaa kuwa. Kama wakili wa Kiaustralia na mwandishi [[Geoffrey Robertson QC]] alivyoandika kuhusu sheria ya kimataifa, <blockquote>... mojawapo ya vyanzo vyake vya kisasa inapatikana katika majibu ya kawaida ya wanaume na wanawake, na mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali, amabyo wengi huunga, kwa ukiukaji wa haki za kibinadamu amabyo wengi huona kwenye runinga wakiwa sebuleni nyumbani mwao.<ref>Robertson, ''Crimes Against Humanity'', 98–99</ref></blockquote> [[Uhuru wa kujieleza]], [[uhuru wa kujumuika]] na sheria zingine nyingi za kibinafsi zinawaruhusu watu kukusanyika, kujadili, kukosoa na kufanya serikali zao kuwajibika, ambapo msingi wa [[demokrasia ya majadiliano]] inaibuka. Watu wanapozidi kujihusisha mamlaka ya kisheria na na kuwa na uwezo wa kubadilisha jinsi mamlaka ya kisiasa yanapotumika maishani mwao; ndivyo sheria inapozidi kuwa [[Uhalali (kisiasa)|halali]] kwa watu. Taasisi ambazo ni za kawaida sana za mashirika ya kijamii ni masoko ya kibiashra, kampuni zenye malengo ya kupata faida, familia, [[vyama vya kibiashara]], hospitali, vyuo vikuu, shule, mashirika ya msaada, [[vilabu vya kujadili]], [[mashirika yasiyokuwa ya kiserikali]], vitongoji, makanisa, na vyama vya kidini.<ref>There is no clear legal definition of the civil society, and of the institutions it includes. Most of the institutions and bodies who try to give a list of institutions (such as the [[European Economic and Social Committee]]) exclude the political parties. For further information, see Jakobs, ''Pursuing Equal Opportunities'', 5–6; Kaldor–Anheier–Glasius, ''Global Civil Society'', ''[http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/Yearbooks/2003/2003Chapter1a.pdf passim] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/Depts/global/Publications/Yearbooks/2003/2003Chapter1a.pdf |date=20070817130457 }}'' (PDF); Karkatsoulis, ''The State in Transition'', 282–283.</ref> {{-}} == Tazama pia == {{portal}} {{Main|Muhtasari wa sheria}} * [[Haki za kibinadamu]] * [[Uchumi]] * [[Historia]] * [[Sayansi ya Kisiasa]] * [[Falsafa]] == Tanbihi == {{Marejeo|2}} https://www.path-2-happiness.com/sw == Marejeo == ; Printed sources: * {{cite encyclopedia|last=Ahmad|first=Ahmad Atif|title=Lawyers: Islamic Law|encyclopedia=Oxford Encyclopedia of Legal History|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf|format=PDF|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001195205/http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf|archivedate=2008-10-01|access-date=2010-01-15}}{{Wayback|url=http://www.macalester.edu/~ahmad/Lawyers.pdf |date=20090326034212 }} * {{cite book|last=Akhlaghi|first=Behrooz|title=The Sharīʻa in the Constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt|year=2005|isbn=3-161-48787-7|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|editor=Yassari, Nadjma|chapter=Iranian Commercial Law and the New Investment Law FIPPA}} * {{cite book|last=Albrow|first=Martin|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|title=Bureaucracy (Key Concepts in Political Science)|url=https://archive.org/details/bureaucracy0000mart|year=1970|isbn=0-333-11262-8}} * {{cite journal|last=Anderson |first=J.N.D.|year=1956|month=Januari |title=Law Reform in the Middle East journal=International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944—) |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=43–51|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/2607811 |accessdate=2007-03-04 |doi=10.2307/2607811}} * {{Cite wikisource|Constitution of the Athenians|[[Aristotle]]}}. 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system|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html|publisher=[[CIA]]|accessdate=2007-10-13|archivedate=2018-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226012138/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2100.html}} {{Refend}} == Viungo vya nje == {{sisterlinks|Law}} * [http://www.law.com/ Legal news and information network for attorneys and other legal professionals] * [http://jurispedia.org/ Encyclopaedic project of academic initiative] {{Wayback|url=http://jurispedia.org/ |date=20210408132428 }} in [[Jurispedia]] * [http://www.lawserver.com/ Legal articles, news, and interactive maps] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lawserver.com/ |date=20130302152628 }} * [http://www.worldlii.org/ WorldLII - World Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldlii.org/ |date=20200922075055 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210417174626/http://www.asianlii.org/ CommonLII - Commonwealth Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.asianlii.org/ AsianLII - Asian Legal Information Institute (AsianLII)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.asianlii.org/ |date=20210417174626 }} * [http://www.austlii.edu.au/ AustLII - Australasian Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.bailii.org/ BaiLII - British and Irish Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.canlii.org/ CanLII - Canadian Legal Information Institute] * [http://www.nzlii.org/ NZLII - New Zealand Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.nzlii.org/ |date=20210417174640 }} * [http://www.paclii.org/ PacLII - Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute] {{Wayback|url=http://www.paclii.org/ |date=20040103005659 }} [[Jamii:Sheria| ]] [[Jamii:Elimu jamii]] [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:Falsafa]] 5acpwrxchbc7okyp97f2jw1d97298vz 0 3110 1613898 1598410 2026-11-05T18:08:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mto | jina = Mto wa Okavango | picha = Okavango River Sign.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Feri juu ya mto Okavango nchini Botswana | chanzo = [[Nyanda za juu za Bié]] ([[Angola]]) | mdomo = | nchi = [[Angola]], [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]] | urefu = 1,600 km | kimo = 1,780 m | mkondo = 10,000,000,000 m³/mwaka (inaweza kukauka kwa muda) | eneo = 721.258 km² | mdomo = [[Delta ya barani]] katika [[jangwa]] la [[Kalahari]], [[Botswana]] | tawimito = | tawimito kulia = | tawimito kushoto = | watu = | miji = }} [[File:Kavango River view.jpg|thumb|Muonekano wa Mto Kavango ukiwa karibu na kambi ya kitalii ya Hakusembe nchini Namibia]] '''Okavango''' (pia: '''Kavango, Okovango'''; katika [[Angola]]: '''Kubango, Cubango''') ni [[mto]] mkubwa uliopo upande wa [[kusini]]-[[magharibi]] wa [[bara]] la [[Afrika]]. Unaanza nchini [[Angola]] katika [[milima ya Bié]] inapojulikana kwa [[jina]] la [[Kubango]]. Mwendo wake wa [[km]] 1600 ni kusini tu hadi [[jangwa]] la [[Kalahari]] unapoishia kwenye [[delta ya barani]]. Katika kusini mwa Angola ni mpaka na [[Namibia]]. Unapita nchi ya Namibia mwanzoni wa [[kishoroba ya Caprivi]] na kuendelea [[Botswana]] Unapoishia jangwani katika [[delta]] yake. [[Chanzo (mto)|Chanzo]] cha mto ni kusini kwa [[mji]] wa [[Vila Nova]] (Angola) katika milima ya Bié kwenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 1,780. Mwanzoni mwendo wake ni wa haraka kuna [[Maporomoko ya maji|maporomoko]] madogo. Halafu mto ni mpaka kati ya Angola na Namibia. Baada ya kupokea [[tawimto]] la [[mto Kwito|Kwito]] unaingia Namibia unapopita kanda nyembamba ya kishoroba ya Caprivi kwa kilomita chache. Kabla ya kuvuka mpaka wa Botswana mto unashuka mita 4 kwenye [[maporomoko ya Popa]]. Takriban km 70 ndani ya Botswana mwendo wa mto unapanuka na kugawanyika kuwa delta ya barani yenye zaidi ya [[km²]] 16,000. Ni [[mto]] wa nne kwa urefu katika ukanda wa [[Kusini mwa Afrika]], ukitiririka kuelekea kusini-mashariki kwa urefu wa [[kilomita]] 1,600. Mto huu unaanza katika urefu wa mita 1,300 juu ya usawa wa bahari kwenye nyanda za juu zenye mchanga nchini Angola, kisha unaenda kusini ambapo unaunda sehemu ya mpaka kati ya Angola na Namibia, kabla ya kuingia nchini Botswana. Tofauti na mito mingi, Kavango haumwagii maji yake baharini; badala yake, unaishia kwenye bonde la ndani lisilo na njia ya kutoka katika [[Jangwa la Kalahari]], ambapo unatengeneza [[delta]] ya Okavango. Delta hiyo imeorodheshwa na [[UNESCO]] kama [[urithi wa dunia]]. == Asili ya Jina == Mto huu unajulikana kwa jina la Okavango nchini [[Botswana]], kama ''Mto Cubango'' nchini [[Angola]], na kama Kavango nchini [[Namibia]].<ref name=mendelsohn/> Jina hilo linatokana na Wakavango, ambao ni jamii ya watu wanaoishi upande wa kaskazini mwa Namibia. Katika maandishi ya zamani ya [[Kiingereza]] mto huu uliandikwa Okovango, lakini tafiti nyingi za Namibia zinapendelea kutumia jina Kavango unaporejelea mto au mkoa huo. Mwanahistoria Andreas Eckl anabainisha kuwa kumbukumbu za ukoloni wa Kijerumani Kusini-Magharibi mwa Afrika zilitumia jina Okavango, lakini herufi ya mwanzo "O-" si ya kawaida katika lugha za kienyeji za Kavango, na badala yake inasemekana ilitokana na ushawishi wa [[Kijapan|Lugha ya Kiherero]].<ref name="eckl-2007">{{cite journal |last=Eckl |first=Andreas |year=2007 |title=Reports from ‘beyond the line’: The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911 |url=https://welwitschia.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/JNS_June2007_7to37.pdf |journal=Journal of Namibian Studies |volume=1 |pages=7–37 |access-date=12 May 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mtiririko na chanzo kipya == Mito ya Cubango na Cuito ndiyo vyanzo vikuu vinavyolisha na kuamua uhai wa Delta ya Okavango.<ref name=mendelsohn>{{cite web | last=Mendelsohn | first=John | title=A River in Trouble | website=Conservation Namibia | date=9 September 2021 | url=https://conservationnamibia.com/articles/cn2021-river-in-trouble.php | access-date=8 January 2024}}</ref> Nchini Angola, uchomaji moto wa nyasi wa msimu husababisha kuziba kwa njia za juu za Mto Cuito na kupunguza mtiririko wa maji kwenda chini kwa sababu maji yanayokusanyika yanazama na kupotea kwenye mchanga.<ref name=into>{{cite web |last1=Society |first1=National Geographic |author-link=National Geographic |title=Okavango Wilderness Project |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |website=www.nationalgeographic.org |publisher=[[Into the Okavango]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114019/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/projects/okavango/ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2015, shirika la National Geographic lilianzisha mradi wa kulinda mfumo wa mto huu, na mwaka [[2023]] waligundua chanzo halisi cha asili cha mto huu. Chanzo hicho ni ardhi oevu yenye tabaka nene la matope (peatland) katika nyanda za juu za Angola, inayojulikana kwa lugha ya kiluchaze kama "Lisima Iya Mwono" ikimaanisha "Chanzo cha Uzima". Eneo hili lina kina cha zaidi ya futi 12 na linakadiriwa kushikilia mita za ujazo bilioni 423 za maji, likisambaza zaidi ya asilimia 95 ya maji yote ya bonde hili. Mnamo mwaka [[2026]], eneo hili lilitangazwa rasmi na Serikali ya Angola kuwa ardhi oevu yenye umuhimu wa kimataifa chini ya Mkataba wa Ramsar. kabla ya kuingia [[Botswana]], mto huo unashuka kwa mita 4 kupitia mfululizo wa maporomoko madogo yanayoitwa Maporomoko ya Popa (Popa Falls). Wakati wa msimu wa mvua nyingi, maji yanayofurika huenda kwenye Mto Boteti na kuishia kwenye mabwawa ya chumvi ya Makgadikgadi, ambapo maelfu ya ndege aina ya heroe (flamingo) hukusanyika kila majira ya joto.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Andy Burnham, Pete Evans (Layout), The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map |title=Makgadikgadi |url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 |archive-date=2023-10-30 |access-date=2025-02-27 |website=The Megalithic Portal |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Sehemu nyingine ya mtiririko wa mto huu hujaza [[Ziwa Ngami]]. == Mafuriko ya msimu == Kila msimu wa mvua, nchi ya Angola hupokea mvua mara tatu zaidi kuliko Botswana, hali inayofanya mto kusukuma kiasi kikubwa sana cha maji na kugeuza sehemu kubwa ya jangwa kuwa ardhi oevu. Ingawa mvua hizi hunyesha Angola mwezi Januari, maji huchukua mwezi mzima kusafiri kilomita 1,000 za kwanza za mto, na huchukua miezi mingine minne kuchuja kupitia mimea na njia nyingi za maji za delta. Kutokana na hali hiyo, mafuriko makubwa zaidi hutokea kati ya mwezi Juni na Agosti, kipindi ambacho ni cha kiangazi kikavu nchini Botswana. Wakati huo delta hupanuka na kuwa kubwa mara tatu zaidi ya ukubwa wake wa kawaida, jambo linalovutia maelfu ya wanyamapori kutoka maeneo ya mbali na kutengeneza moja ya mikusanyiko mikubwa zaidi ya [[wanyamapori]] barani Afrika.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Okavango Delta – Part 2 {{!}} |url=http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621102937/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ |archive-date=2018-06-21 |access-date=2026-05-31 |website=blog.africabespoke.com |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Migogoro ya matumizi ya maji na mafuta == Kwa sababu nchi za Namibia na Botswana hukabiliwa na ukame wa mara kwa mara, pamekuwepo na wasiwasi wa migogoro kuhusu matumizi ya maji ya mto huu. Namibia ilijenga mfereji wa urefu wa kilomita 300 na kupendekeza mradi mwingine wa bomba la kilomita 250 ili kuchepua maji kutoka kwenye mto huo kwenda maeneo yake ya ndani ili kupunguza makali ya ukame.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hWrEcl2ydzEC&pg=PA294|title=Resource Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa|last=Basedau|first=Matthias|date=2005-01-01|publisher=GIGA-Hamburg|isbn=978-3-928049-91-7|pages=294|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3ilzosWx4wC&pg=PA96|title=Management of Transboundary Rivers and Lakes|last1=Varis|first1=Olli|last2=Tortajada|first2=Cecilia|last3=Biswas|first3=Asit K.|date=2008-03-15|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-74928-8|pages=96|language=en}}</ref> Botswana inapinga hatua hiyo kwa kuwa inategemea sana Delta ya Okavango kwa ajili ya mapato ya utalii na vyanzo vya maji, ikidai asilimia 97 ya maji tayari inapotea kwa njia ya mvuke. Ili kutatua changamoto hizo, nchi za Angola, Namibia, na Botswana zilitia saini makubaliano ya pamoja mwaka 1994 ili kuunda Tume ya Kudumu ya Bonde la Mto Okavango (OKACOM) kwa ajili ya kushauriana kuhusu ugawaji wa rasilimali hizo.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Kuhusu utafiti wa mafuta, kampuni ya ReconAfrica kutoka Kanada ilipewa leseni ya kutafuta mafuta katika maeneo ya mkoa wa zamani wa Kavango nchini Namibia na Botswana, jambo lililoibua malalamiko kutoka kwa wanaharakati wa mazingira walio hofu uharibifu wa ikolojia ya eneo hilo. Hata hivyo, kampuni hiyo na serikali za nchi husika zimesisitiza kuwa taratibu zote za kisheria na tathmini ya mazingira zilifuatwa kikamilifu.<ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=ReconAfrica Environmental, Social, and Governance |url=https://reconafrica.com/our-sustainable-approach/environmental-social-governance/ |access-date=20 May 2021}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Mito mirefu ya Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Urithi wa Dunia katika Afrika]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af18.html Okavango Basin (Watersheds of Africa)] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af18.html |date=20050415193038 }} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Mito ya Angola]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Namibia]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Botswana]] [[Jamii:Mito ya Afrika]] [[Jamii:Mahali pa Urithi wa Dunia katika Afrika]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 1clwi2sgt4l3sfr7zvkcn71l8ano4jo 0 7149 1613870 1567130 2026-11-05T17:39:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |jina_rasmi = Jiji la Mwanza <!-- Picha na ramani -----------> |picha_ya_makazi = Mwanza_from_Capri_Point,_Tanzania.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = Picha ya angani ya Mji wa Mwanza |ramani_pini = Tanzania <!-- Ngazi ya serikali ------------------> |ngazi_ya_serikali = [[Madola|Nchi]]<!-- [[Nchi]] --> |jina_la_serikali = [[Tanzania]]<!-- jina la nchi --> |ngazi_ya_serikali1 = [[:Jamii:Mikoa ya Tanzania|Mkoa]] |jina_la_serikali1 = [[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] |ngazi_ya_serikali2 = [[Wilaya za Tanzania|Wilaya]] |jina_la_serikali2 = [[Wilaya ya Nyamagana|Nyamagana]]</br>[[Wilaya ya Ilemela|Ilemela]] <!-- Siasa -----------------> |aina_ya_serikali = Jiji |cheo_cha_kiongozi = Mstahiki Meya |jina_la_kiongozi = Sima Constantine Sima |cheo_cha_kiongozi1 = Mkurugenzi wa Jiji |jina_la_kiongozi1 = Selemani Yahaya Sekiete |tarehe_iliyoanzishwa = 1892 |maelezo_serikali = |marejeleo_ya_serikali ={{r|MwanzaCC}} |majiranukta = {{coord|2|31|S|32|54|E|region:TZ|display=inline}} |eneo_jumla = 256 |eneo_la_nchi_kavu = 184 |eneo_la_maji = 72 |mwinuko = 1140 <!-- Idadi ya Wakazi -----------------------> |idadi_wakazi_mwaka = 2022 |wakazi_kwa_ujumla = 1,004,521 |marejeo_ya_wakazi = https://www.nbs.go.tz. |kodi_ya_simu = 028 |kanda_muda = [[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|EAT]] |tofauti_ya_UTC = +3 |tovuti = {{URL|https://mwanzacc.go.tz/ |Halmashauri ya Jiji la Mwanza}} }} [[Picha:Mwanza Jiji Ramani.png|thumb|200px|Wilaya za Jiji la Mwanza]] '''Jiji la Mwanza''' {{Audio-IPA|Mwanza.ogg|Matamshi}} ni mji nchini [[Tanzania]] ambao ni makao makuu ya [[Mkoa wa Mwanza]]. Mji upo kando la ziwa [[Viktoria Nyanza]] Kulingana na sensa ya mwaka 2012 idadi ya wakazi wake ilihesabiwa kuwa 706,453 (ukijumlisha wakazi wa [[Wilaya ya Nyamagana]] na sehemu za [[Wilaya ya Ilemela]]).{{r|Sensa_2012|p=173}} Mwaka [[2022]] walihesabiwa 1,004,521 <ref>https://www.nbs.go.tz</ref>. Jiji hili limekuwa na vivutio mbalimbali vikiwemo mawe yaliyo katika [[Ziwa Victoria]] katika eneo la Nyanza. Pia jirani kuna hifadhi za wanyama wa porini kama Sanane, ambapo kuna wanyama kama [[simba]], [[swala]], [[pundamilia]], [[sokwe]],[[duma]] na [[chui]] ==Historia== Mwanza ilianzishwa na Wajerumani wakati wa koloni ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. Mahali paliteuliwa kutokana na nafasi ya bandari asilia upande wa kusini ya Ziwa Viktoria. Wajerumani waliuita mji kwa jina "Muansa" inaaminiwa ilikuwa matamshi yao ya neno "nyanza". Walijenga boma kubwa iliyoendelea kitovu cha mji. Takwimu ya Kijerumani ya 1912 ilihesabu wazungu 85, Wagoa 15, Wahindi wengine 300 na Waarabu 70 lakini haikutaja wakazi Waafrika. Palikuwa na makampuni ya biashara 12 ya kizungu na 50 ya Wahindi.<ref>[[Koloniallexikon]] makala "Muansa"</ref>. ==Picha== <gallery> Image:Mwanza Boma la Kijerumani 1912.png|Mwanza: Boma la Kijerumani mnamo 1912 Image:Mwanza miamba ya Bismarck Rock.png|Mwanza: miamba ya Bismarck Rock </gallery> ==Tazama pia== * [[Maeneo ya Kihistoria ya Kitaifa ya Tanzania]] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo|refs= <ref name=Sensa_2012>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |title=Ripoti ya Sensa 2012 |accessdate=2022-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326183741/http://tanzania.countrystat.org/fileadmin/user_upload/countrystat_fenix/congo/docs/Census%20General%20Report-2012PHC.pdf |archivedate=2022-03-26 |language=en |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="MwanzaCC">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://mwanzacc.go.tz/ |title=Halmashauri ya Jiji la Mwanza |access-date=3 Oktoba 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220829222859/https://mwanzacc.go.tz/ |archivedate=29 Agosti 2022 |language=sw |url-status=live}}</ref> }} {| class="toccolours" |- | [[Picha:Flag of Tanzania.svg|50px|]] ! width="100%" bgcolor="lightsteelblue" style="text-align: center;" | Kata za Jiji la Mwanza - [[Mkoa wa Mwanza]] - [[Tanzania]] | [[Picha:Flag of Tanzania.svg|50px|]] |- | colspan="3" align="center" | '''[[Wilaya ya Ilemela]]''': [[Bugogwa]] • [[Buhongwa]] • [[Buswelu]] • [[Butimba (Ilemela)]] • [[Igoma]] • [[Ilemela]] • [[Mkolani]] • [[Nyakato (Ilemela)|Nyakato]] • [[Pasiansi]] •[[Sangabuye]] <br /> '''[[Wilaya ya Nyamagana]]''': [[Igogo]] • [[Isamilo]] • [[Kirumba]] • [[Kitangiri]] • [[Mbugani]] • [[Mirongo]] • [[Mkuyuni (Nyamagana)|Mkuyuni]] • [[Nyamagana]] • [[Nyamanoro]] • [[Pamba (Nyamagana)|Pamba]] |} {{mbegu-jio-mwanza}} [[Jamii:Miji ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Mwanza]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ilemela]] [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Nyamagana]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria]] 5rilghkzlghdmzig3xkywjimrtn6mg5 0 14006 1614042 1578135 2026-11-05T21:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614042 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Museo archeologico di Firenze, statuia funeraria da Chianciano, V sec. a.c. 2.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sanamu]] ya [[baba]] na [[mama]] wa [[nyumba]] Waetruski ([[makumbusho]] ya [[Firenze]]).]] [[Picha:Etruskischer Meister 001.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Mpiga [[muziki]] kutoka [[kaburi]] la Kietruski|300px]] '''Waetruski''' walikuwa [[taifa]] maalumu katika [[Italia]] ya kale. Waliishi katika [[Italia ya Kati]] na kuanzisha [[mji]] wa [[Roma]]. Mwanzo wa [[ustaarabu]] wao ulikuwa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[800 KK]] ukaishia katika miaka ya mwisho ya [[Jamhuri ya Roma]]. Waliacha mabaki ya [[utamaduni]] wenye mifano bora ya [[uchoraji]] na [[ujenzi]]. Utamaduni wao ulipotea katika [[mazingira]] ya Kiroma. == Historia == [[Wataalamu]] wengine huamini kuwa walihamia Italia kutoka [[Anatolia]], lakini [[utafiti]] wa hivi karibuni<ref>https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abi7673</ref> umethibitisha kuwa ni wenyeji wa Italia, si tofauti sana na [[Walatini]]. Inawezekana walifikiriwa kutokea [[Mashariki]] kwa sababu tu waliathiriwa sana na [[ustaarabu]] wa [[Wagiriki]]. [[Mwandiko]] wao uliotunzwa [[ukuta|ukutani]] mwa [[Kaburi|makaburi]] wasomeka kirahisi kwa sababu ulifuata [[alfabeti]] ya [[Kigiriki]] pamoja na athira ya [[Wafinisia]] wa [[Mediteranea]] ya [[magharibi]]. Hata hivyo [[lugha]] ya [[Kietruski]] si rahisi kuielewa kwa sababu [[msamiati]] ni wa pekee; hadi sasa ni takriban [[Neno|maneno]] 200 tu yanayoeleweka. Kwa jumla si mojawapo ya [[Lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya|lugha za Kihindi-Kiulaya]]; labda ni lugha ya wakazi asili ya eneo hilo, kabla ya kufikiwa na watu kutoka [[Ulaya Mashariki]]. Waetruski walianzisha [[Mji|miji]] 12 waliohusiana kama [[shirikisho]]. Inaaminika ya kwamba misingi ya mji wa [[Roma]] ni ya Kietruski pia. [[Wafalme]] wa kwanza wa Roma walikuwa wa asili ya Kietruski. Hivyo hadi mwaka [[396]] Roma ilikuwa chini ya athira ya Waetruski. Mwaka ule [[jeshi]] la Roma likateka na kuangamiza mji wa [[Veiji]] na kumaliza kipaumbele ya Waetruski katika Italia. Miji kadhaa ya Kietruski ilifanya mikataba ya Roma ikapewa [[uraia]] wa Kiroma hadi mwaka [[90 KK]]. Baadaye utamaduni wa Kietruski ulianza kupotea wakati watu walipoacha kutumia lugha yao, kuhusiana pia na [[uhamiaji]] mkubwa kutoka [[mashariki]] mwa [[Bahari ya Kati]] (labda [[askari]] na [[watumwa]]). ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== * {{cite journal |last1=Antonio |first1=Margaret L. |last2=Gao |first2=Ziyue |display-authors=1 |date=November 8, 2019 |title=Ancient Rome: A genetic crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean |url=https://archive.org/details/science_2019-11-08_366_6466/page/708 |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |publisher=[[American Association for the Advancement of Science]] |volume=366 |issue=6466 |pages=708–714 |doi=10.1126/science.aay6826 }} * Philipp Ammon: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Ruma Rasna – Die etruskischen Wurzeln Roms<nowiki>''</nowiki>. <nowiki>http://www.academia.edu/28000848/Ruma_Rasna_Die_etruskischen_Wurzeln_Roms</nowiki> ==Marejeo mengine== * Bartoloni, Gilda (ed). ''Introduzione all'Etruscologia'' (in Italian). Milan: Hoepli, 2012. * [[Sinclair Bell]] and Carpino A. Alexandra (eds). ''A Companion to the Etruscans'', Oxford; Chichester; Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2016. * [[Giuliano Bonfante|Bonfante, Giuliano]] and [[Larissa Bonfante|Bonfante Larissa]]. ''The Etruscan Language: An Introduction''. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. * Bonfante, Larissa. ''Out of Etruria: Etruscan Influence North and South''. Oxford: B.A.R., 1981. * Bonfante, Larissa. ''Etruscan Life and Afterlife: A Handbook of Etruscan Studies''. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986. * Bonfante, Larissa. ''Etruscan Myths''. London: British Museum Press, 2006. * [[Dominique Briquel|Briquel, Dominique]]. ''Les Étrusques, peuple de la différence'', series Civilisations U, éditions Armand Colin, Paris, 1993. * Briquel, Dominique. ''La civilisation étrusque'', éditions Fayard, Paris, 1999. * [[Nancy Thomson de Grummond|De Grummond, Nancy T]]. (2014). ''Ethnicity and the Etruscans''. In McInerney, Jeremy (ed.). ''A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean''. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp.&nbsp;405–422. * [[Sybille Haynes|Haynes, Sybille]]. ''Etruscan Civilization: A Cultural History.'' Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, 2000. * Izzet, Vedia. ''The Archaeology of Etruscan Society''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. * Naso, Alessandro (ed). ''Etruscology'', Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. * [[Massimo Pallottino|Pallottino, Massimo]]. ''Etruscologia''. Milan: Hoepli, 1942 (English ed., ''The Etruscans''. [[David Ridgway (scholar)|David Ridgway]], editor. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1975). * Shipley, Lucy. ''The Etruscans: Lost Civilizations'', London: Reaktion Books, 2017. * [[Christopher Smith (academic)|Smith, C]]. ''The Etruscans: a very short introduction '', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. * Spivey, Nigel. ''Etruscan Art''. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1997. * [[Judith Swaddling|Swaddling, Judith]] and Philip Perkins. ''Etruscan by Definition: The Culture, Regional, and Personal Identity of the Etruscans: Papers in Honor of Sybille Haynes''. London: British Museum, 2009. * [[Turfa, Jean MacIntosh]] (ed). ''The Etruscan World''. London: Routledge, 2013. * Turfa, Jean MacIntosh. ''The Etruscans''. In Farney, Gary D.; Bradley, Gary (eds.). ''The Peoples of Ancient Italy''. Berlin: De Gruyter. pp.&nbsp;637–672. ===Miji na mahali=== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060508054703/http://www.eng.archeopg.arti.beniculturali.it/canale.asp?id=499 (Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell'Umbria) "The Cai Cutu Etruscan tomb"] An undisturbed late Etruscan family tomb, reused between the 3rd and 1st century BC, reassembled in the National Archeological Museum of Perugia * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090922211541/http://archive.cyark.org/hypogeum-of-the-volumnis-info Hypogeum of the Volumnis digital media archive] ([[creative commons]]-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a [[University of Ferrara]]/[[CyArk]] research partnership ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Etruscans}} {{Wikiquote}} * {{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/5957978 |title=Etruscan weapons and warfare |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130043903/http://www.academia.edu/5957978/The_Art_of_the_Etruscan_Armourer |archive-date=30 January 2016 |access-date=3 November 2017 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |accessdate=2021-09-25 |archivedate=2016-01-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130043903/http://www.academia.edu/5957978/The_Art_of_the_Etruscan_Armourer }} * {{cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/uscarc/Pendant.shtml |title=Etruscan Lion Plaque Pendant |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509232347/http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/uscarc/Pendant.shtml |archive-date=9 May 2017 |access-date=2 February 2002 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |accessdate=2021-09-25 |archivedate=2017-05-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170509232347/http://www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/wsrp/educational_site/uscarc/Pendant.shtml }} * {{cite web|url=http://www.civilization.org.uk/intermezzo/etruscans|title=The place of the Etruscans in world civilisation|accessdate=2021-09-25|archivedate=2021-06-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606193432/http://www.civilization.org.uk/intermezzo/etruscans/}} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Italia]] [[Jamii:Roma ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Toscana]] btr6xjwgcxshr1bpg73hdwzn641k9v4 0 14085 1614118 1203408 2026-11-06T00:50:34Z Dostojewskij 18883 Jamii:Watu kutoka Dakar 1614118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{mwanasiasa | jina = Ramatoulaye Yade-Zimet | nchi = [[Ufaransa]] | picha = Rama Yade 2007 05 23 n1.jpg | maelezo_ya_picha = Rama Yade 2007 | cheo 1 = Waziri msaidizi wa mambo ya nje | bunge la = | jimbo la uchaguzi = | chama = UMP | tar. ya kuingia bunge = | alirudishwa mwaka = | aliondoka = | cheo 2 = | kuingia 2 = | kutoka 2 = | akitanguliwa na 2 = | akifuatwa na 2= | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[13 Desemba]] [[1976]] | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Dakar]] ([[Senegal]]) | kifo = | dini = [[Uislamu]] | elimu = Institut d’études politiques de Paris (IEP) | digrii = Diploma <small>(ya Kifaransa yalingana na MA)</small> | kazi = 2000 utawala wa bunge (senati); 2007 serikali ya rais Sarkozy | tovuti= |mengine= | }} '''Rama Yade''' (* [[13 Desemba]] [[1976]]) ni waziri msaidizi wa mambo ya nje katika serikali ya rais [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] wa [[Ufaransa]]. Jina lake kamili ni '''Ramatoulaye Yade-Zimet'''. Alizaliwa nchini Senegal kama mtoto wa baba mwanasiasa Msenegal na mama aliyekuwa profesa wa chuo kikuu. Alihamia Ufaransa alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minane pamoja na familia wakati baba alikuwa mbalozi wa Senegal huko Paris. Wazazi waliachana na Rama alibaki na mama Ufaransa na kuchukua uraia huko. Alisoma kwenye chuo cha [[Institut d'études politiques]] akamaliza kwa digrii ya diploma. Ajira yake ilipatikana katika utawala wa bunge la senati ya Ufaransa. Akajiunga na siasa ya chama cha UMP cha rais [[Jaques Chirac]]. Baada ya kutoa hotuba kwenye mkutano wa kitaifa wa chama hiki mwaka 2006 alialikwa na mgombea wa urais Nicholas Sarkozy kujiunga na kampeni yake. Baada ya ushindi wa Sarkozy alikuwa waziri msaidizi wa mambo ya nje chini ya waziri Kouchner. Idara yake ni [[haki za binadamu]] katika siasa ya nje. Ameolewa na Joseph Zimet ambaye ni mtumishi wa serikali na mwana wa mwimbaji mashuhuri wa nyimbo za [[Kiyidish]]. ==Viungo vya Nje== *[http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/ministere_817/ministre-les-secretaires-etat_818/rama-yade_16885/index.html Wasifu ya Rama Yade] {{Wayback|url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/ministere_817/ministre-les-secretaires-etat_818/rama-yade_16885/index.html |date=20071020040840 }} * "Rama Yade" by Eloi Laurent on Arthur Goldhammer's "French Politics" : http://artgoldhammer.blogspot.com/2007/07/rama-yade-guest-post-eloi-laurent.html {{Wayback|url=http://artgoldhammer.blogspot.com/2007/07/rama-yade-guest-post-eloi-laurent.html |date=20071106085208 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yade, Rama}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Dakar]] tv9ozeiv1k76uuv9tgrzv53dzq2wv4p 0 15930 1613949 1595896 2026-11-05T19:05:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Ronaldinho |picha = [[File:Sports Festival 2025 - 4 (cropped).jpg|noborder|250px]] |caption = Ronaldinho mnamo 2025 |jinakamili = Ronaldo de Assis Moreira |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1980|3|21|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Porto Alegre]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Brazil]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.82}} |nafasi = [[Mshambuliaji]] |klabuyasasa = Amestaafu |nambayaklabu = |miakayaujana = 1997–1998 |Timuzaujana = [[Grêmio Foot-Porto Alegrense|Grêmio]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 1998–2001 |clubs1 = Grêmio |caps1 = 44 |goals1 = 21 |years2 = 2001–2003 |clubs2 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]] |caps2 = 55 |goals2 = 17 |years3 = 2003–2008 |clubs3 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |caps3 = 145 |goals3 = 70 |years4 = 2008–2011 |clubs4 = [[AC Milan]] |caps4 = 76 |goals4 = 20 |years5 = 2011–2012 |clubs5 = Flamengo |caps5 = 33 |goals5 = 15 |years6 = 2012–2014 |clubs6 = Atlético Mineiro |caps6 = 48 |goals6 = 16 |years7 = 2014–2015 |clubs7 = Querétaro |caps7 = 25 |goals7 = 8 |years8 = 2015 |clubs8 = Fluminense |caps8 = 7 |goals8 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 1995–1997 |nationalteam1 = Brazil U17 |nationalcaps1 = 6 |nationalgoals1 = 2 |nationalyears2 = 1999 |nationalteam2 = Brazil U20 |nationalcaps2 = 5 |nationalgoals2 = 3 |nationalyears3 = 1999–2000 |nationalteam3 = Brazil U23 |nationalcaps3 = 27 |nationalgoals3 = 18 |nationalyears4 = 1999–2013 |nationalteam4 = [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Brazil|Brazil]] |nationalcaps4 = 97 |nationalgoals4 = 33 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 9 Agosti 2026 |nationalteam-update = 9 Agosti 2026 }} '''Ronaldo de Assís Moreira,''' (anafahamika zaidi kama '''Ronaldinho Gaucho'''; alizaliwa [[Mji|mjini]] [[Porto Alegre]], [[21 Machi]] [[1980]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka nchini [[Brazil]] aliyetambulika kwa kucheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo]] [[mshambuliaji]] au [[winga]] wa kushoto. Mnamo [[Agosti]] mwaka wa [[2007]], alikula kiapo na kuwa [[raia]] kamili wa [[Hispania]], hivyo na kuwa na uraia pacha wa Brazil na Hispania. Anatambulika kwa kiasi kikubwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora zaidi katika historia ya mchezo wa mpira wa miguu, akiwa ametwaa tuzo mbili za Mchezaji Bora wa Dunia wa FIFA na tuzo moja ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Ni mchezaji pekee katika historia aliyefanikiwa kushinda [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dunia]], [[Copa Amerika|Copa América]], [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] (UEFA Champions League), [[Copa Libertadores]], na Ballon d'Or.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17|title=The only player to have won the six biggest trophies in world football 2023|date=March 2023|access-date=23 March 2023|archive-date=18 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218032848/https://www.besoccer.com/new/amp/the-only-player-to-have-won-the-six-biggest-trophies-in-world-football-27-7-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ronaldinho anajulikana sana kwa uwezo wake mkubwa wa kuchenga, kupiga mpira wa adhabu ndogo, matumizi ya mbinu mbalimbali za kuwahadaa mabeki, pasi za kutotazama, pamoja na uwezo wake wa kufunga na kutengeneza mabao. Pia anajulikana kwa jina la utani "''O Bruxo''" ('Mchawi'). == Maisha ya awali == Ronaldo de Assis Moreira alizaliwa 21 Machi 1980 katika mji wa Porto Alegre, makao makuu ya jimbo la [[Rio Grande do Sul]] nchini Brazil.<ref name="fifadata">{{cite web |url=https://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |title=FIFA Club World Cup Morocco 2013: List of Players: Atletico Mineiro |publisher=FIFA |page=2 |date=15 December 2013 |access-date=28 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228130120/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FCWC/2013/pdf/FCWC_2013_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=28 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mama yake, Miguelina Elói Assis dos Santos, alikuwa muuzaji aliyesomea uuguzi, huku baba yake, João de Assis Moreira, akiwa mfanyakazi wa bandarini na mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa klabu ya mtaani ya Esporte Clube Cruzeiro. Baba yake alifariki kwa kuzama kwenye bwawa la kuogelea wakati Ronaldinho akiwa na umri wa miaka nane. Vipaji vyake vilianza kuonekana mapema akiwa na umri wa miaka nane, ambapo alipewa jina la utani "Ronaldinho" (linalomaanisha "Ronaldo mdogo") kwa sababu alikuwa mchezaji mdogo kuliko wote katika mechi za vijana. Alijenga na kuendeleza ujuzi wake kupitia mchezo wa mpira wa ukumbini (futsal) na mpira wa ufukweni, mbinu zilizomsaidia sana kuwa na umakini na uwezo mkubwa wa kumiliki mpira. == Klabu == === Grêmio na Paris Saint-Germain === Ronaldinho alianzia safari yake ya soka katika timu ya vijana ya Grêmio na kucheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika kikosi cha kwanza mwaka 1998 kwenye mashindano ya Copa Libertadores. Mwaka 1999, alionyesha kiwango cha juu kwa kufunga mabao 22 katika mechi 47. Mwaka 2001, Ronaldinho alijiunga na klabu ya [[Ufaransa]] ya Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) kwa mkataba wa miaka mitano na ada ya [[euro]] milioni 5.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1123095.stm |title=PSG sign Ronaldinho |publisher=BBC Sport |date=17 January 2001 |access-date=16 February 2010|archive-date=11 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211051114/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/europe/1123095.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Katika kipindi chake cha miaka miwili na PSG, alionyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kufunga mabao ya kuvutia na kuisaidia timu hiyo kutinga hatua ya fainali ya [[Coupe de France]] mwaka 2003, kabla ya kuamua kuondoka klabuni hapo ili kujiunga na timu inayoshiriki mashindano ya [[Ulaya]]. === Barcelona === Mwaka 2003, rais wa Barcelona, Joan Laporta, alimsajili Ronaldinho kwa ada ya euro milioni 30. Ronaldinho alicheza msimu wake wa kwanza kwa mafanikio makubwa na kusaidia Barcelona kumaliza katika nafasi ya pili kwenye La Liga, huku akitwaa tuzo yake ya kwanza ya Mchezaji Bora wa Dunia wa FIFA mwaka 2004. Katika msimu wa 2004–05, Ronaldinho aliisaidia Barcelona kushinda ubingwa wa [[La Liga]]. Katika msimu uliofuata wa 2005–06, alikuwa kiungo muhimu aliyeiwezesha Barcelona kutwaa ubingwa wa [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya]] (UEFA Champions League) pamoja na ubingwa mwingine wa La Liga. Katika msimu huo, alitwaa tuzo ya Ballon d'Or ya mwaka 2005 na tuzo yake ya pili ya Mchezaji Bora wa Dunia wa FIFA. Moja ya matukio yake maarufu ni pale alipofunga mabao mawili pekee yake dhidi ya Real Madrid kwenye uwanja wa Santiago Bernabéu na kupigiwa makofi ya heshima na mashabiki wa timu hiyo pinzani. === AC Milan === Baada ya kiwango chake kushuka kutokana na majeraha pamoja na changamoto za kimaisha nje ya uwanja, Ronaldinho aliondoka Barcelona mwaka 2008 na kujiunga na [[AC Milan]], ambapo alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichotwaa ubingwa wa [[Serie A]] msimu wa 2010–11. Baadae alirejea Brazil na kuchezea Flamengo mwaka 2011, kisha Atlético Mineiro mwaka 2012 ambapo alishinda Copa Libertadores mwaka 2013. Baadaye alicheza nchini Mexico katika klabu ya Querétaro na kisha Fluminense mnamo mwaka 2015 kabla ya kutangaza kustaafu soka la ushindani. == Timu ya taifa == [[Picha:Ronaldinho061115.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Ronaldinho katika [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Brazil|Timu ya taifa ya Brazili]] mnamo 2011]] Ronaldinho aliichezea [[Timu ya Taifa ya Kandanda ya Brazil|Timu ya taifa ya Brazil]] mechi 97 na kufunga mabao 33. Alianza kucheza timu ya taifa ya wakubwa mwaka 1999 na kufanikiwa kushinda [[Copa Amerika|Copa América]]. Katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la mwaka 2002, Ronaldinho alikuwa kiungo muhimu akishirikiana na Ronaldo na Rivaldo kuunda safu hatari ya ushambuliaji iliyoisaidia Brazil kutwaa ubingwa wa dunia. Pia alikuwa kapteni wa Brazil katika ushindi wa [[Kombe la Shirikisho la FIFA]] mwaka 2005 na akaisaidia timu ya Olimpiki ya Brazil kushinda medali ya shaba katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya [[Beijing]] mwaka 2008. == Tuzo na mafanikio == === Klabu === * '''Paris Saint-Germain''' ** UEFA Intertoto Cup: 2001 * '''Barcelona''' ** La Liga: 2004–05, 2005–06 ** Supercopa de España: 2005, 2006 ** UEFA Champions League: 2005–06 * '''AC Milan''' ** Serie A: 2010–11 * '''Flamengo''' ** Campeonato Carioca: 2011 * '''Atlético Mineiro''' ** Campeonato Mineiro: 2013 ** Copa Libertadores: 2013 ** Recopa Sudamericana: 2014 === Kimataifa === * '''Brazil U17''' ** South American U-17 Championship: 1997 ** FIFA U-17 World Championship: 1997 * '''Brazil U23''' ** CONMEBOL Pre-Olympic Tournament: 2000 ** Medali ya Shaba ya Olimpiki: 2008 * '''Brazil''' ** Copa América: 1999 ** FIFA World Cup: 2002 ** FIFA Confederations Cup: 2005 === Binafsi === * FIFA World Player of the Year: 2004, 2005 * Ballon d'Or: 2005 * UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 2005–06 * South American Footballer of the Year: 2013 * FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2002 * FIFA 100: 2004 == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa tuzo ya Ballon d'Or]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Brazil]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] lh5tr0kedjpxyktftf6zxvwqeb2yrg2 0 18116 1614053 1601533 2026-11-05T21:22:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614053 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Year of the Gentleman | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Ne-Yo]] | Cover = Ne-Yo - Year of The Gentleman.png | Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya Year of the Gentleman | Imetolewa = [[11 Septemba]] [[2008]] | Imerekodiwa = 2007–2008 | Aina = [[R&B]] | Urefu = 48:38 | Lugha = [[Kiingereza]] | Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] | Mtayarishaji = [[Ne-Yo]] <small>(mkuu.)</small><br/>[[Stargate]], Chuck Harmony, [[Polow da Don]], Kirven Arrington, Shea Taylor, [[Stereotypes]], Shomari "Sho" Wilson, Reggie "Scyience" Perry, [[J. R. Rotem]], Butter Beats | Review = * [[:en:About.com|About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://randb.about.com/od/reviews/fr/NeYoGentleman.htm 2008] * [[:en:Allmusic|Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/year-of-the-gentleman-r1390194 2008] * ''[[:en:Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B+) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20225095,00.html 2008] * ''[[:en:The Guardian|The Guardian]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/12/urbanreview.neyo?gusrc=rss&feed=culture 2008] * ''[[:en:Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times]]'' {{Rating|3.5|4}} [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-recordrack16-2008sep16,0,7536833.story 2008] * ''[[:en:Newsday|Newsday]]]'' (A-) [http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/ny-etdrops5843860sep16a,0,1346623.story 2008] * ''[[:en:Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/22723958/review/22787161/year_of_the_gentleman 2008] * ''[[:en:The Village Voice|The Village Voice]]'' (Positive) [http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-09-17/music/ne-yo-s-fantastic-r-b-finds-strength-in-vulnerability/ 2008] * [[:en:Virgin Media|Virgin Media]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.virginmedia.com/music/reviews/albumreviews/neyo-yearofthegentleman.php 2008] * ''[[:en:The Washington Times|The Washington Times]]'' (Negative) [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/16/music-review-ne-yos-year-of-the-gentleman-1/ 2008] | Compiler = | Tarehe = | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Because of You (albamu ya Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]''<br>(2007) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Year of the Gentleman'''''<br>(2008) | Albamu ijayo = ''Libra Scale''<br>(2010) | Misc = {{Singles |Jina = Year of the Gentleman |Type = Studio |single 1 = [[Closer]] |single 1 tarehe = 15 Aprili 2008 |single 2 = [[Miss Independent]] |single 2 tarehe = 11 Agosti 2008 |single 3 = [[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]] |single 3 tarehe = 14 Oktoba 2008 }} }} '''Year of the Gentleman''' ni albamu ya tatu ya [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo|mtunzi]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] - [[Ne-Yo]]. Albamu ilitoka mnamo tarehe [[16 Septemba]] ya mwaka wa [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|title=Neyo: Year of the Gentleman|work=Def Jam|accessdate=2008-06-30|archive-date=2008-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617001506/http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Nyimbo== Wimbo wa kwanza ni "[[Closer]]", ambayo ilitolewa tarehe [[15 Aprili]]. Ilipoanza kuingia katika chati za UK ilipata kushika nafasi ya 22, na kisha baadaye ikaja kushika nafasi ya kwanza. Katika chati za Billboard Hot 100 bora, wimbo umepata kushika nafasi ya saba, wakati yenyewe imepata kushika nafasi kwanza katika nyimbo 100 bora zipigwazo sana katika maredio. Wimbo wa pili, "[[Miss Independent]]", ulitolewa tarehe [[11 Agosti]]..<ref name=miss>[http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 New Ne-Yo Music - "Miss Independent"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 |date=20080828035908 }} The album released 1 Septemba in UK according to Amazon.co.uk and 16 Septemba for the USA!</ref>Toleo rasmi la wimbo huo lilitolewa mnamo 21 Agosti likiwa limeambatana video yake. .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 |title=My "Miss Independent" Video Is Gonna Be Hot! |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2009-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234050/http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 }}</ref> Nyimbo hizi zote zilitungwa na kutayarishwa na Stargate. Wimbo wa tatu, "Mad", ulitangazwa kupitia Urban/Rhythmic tarehe 14 Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Jk8gp91?url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |archivedate=2011-10-10 }}</ref> Kwa upande wa video tayari ishafanywa ya wimbo wa "She Got Her Own" na ndiyo utakaokuwa wimbo rasmi kimataifa. ==Orodha ya nyimbo== {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" !# !Jina la wimbo !Watayarishaji !Muda |- |1 |"[[Closer]]" |[[Stargate]] na [[Ne-Yo]] |3:54 |- |2 |"Nobody" |[[Ne-Yo]] |3:07 |- |3 |"[[Single (wimbo wa New Kids on the Block na Ne-Yo)|Single]]" |[[Polow da Don]] |4:18 |- |4 |"[[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |4:15 |- |5 |"[[Miss Independent]]" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |3:52 |- |6 |"Why Does She Stay" |[[Stereotypes]] |4:33 |- |7 |"Fade into the Background" |Shomari "Sho" Wilson |3:18 |- |8 |"So You Can Cry" |Scyience |4:18 |- |9 |"[[Part of the List]]" |Chuck Harmony |4:10 |- |10 |"Back to What You Know" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |4:10 |- |11 |"Lie to Me" |Shea Taylor |4:27 |- |12 |"Stop This World" |Chuck Harmony |4:24 |} ===Nyimbo za ziada=== {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" !Jina la wimbo !Watayarishaji !Muda |- |"In the Way" <small>(U.S. iTunes only)</small> |[[J. R. Rotem]] |4:16 |- |"What's the Matter" <small>(U.S. iTunes Pre-Order; UK, Australia & Japan bonus track)</small> |Chuck Harmony |3:46 |- |"She Got Her Own" <small>(akishirikiana na [[Jamie Foxx]] na [[Fabolous]])<br>(UK iTunes Pre-Order; nyimbo za ziada za Japan)</small> |Butter Beats |5:32 |- |"[[So Sick]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:27 |- |"[[Because of You (wimbo wa Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:46 |- |"[[Sexy Love]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:40 |} ==Chati== {|class="wikitable" !align="left"|Chati (2008) !align="center"|Nafasi<br/>iliyoshika |- |Australian [[:en:ARIA Charts|ARIA]] Albums Chart<ref name=acharts>[http://acharts.us/album/37772 Ne-Yo - Year Of The Gentleman - Music Charts] ''αCharts''. Accessed 25 Septemba 2008.</ref> |align="center"|7 |- |Austrian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|41 |- |Belgium Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|35 |- |Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canoe -- Jam! Music SoundScan Charts |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |Dutch Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|26 |- |French Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|24 |- |German Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|22 |- |Irish Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|13 |- |Italian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|22 |- |Japanese Oricon Album Chart<ref name=Oricon/> |align="center"|2 |- |New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|6 |- |Swiss Albums Charts<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|9 |- |[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |title=BBC - Radio 1 - Chart Show - The UK Top 40 Albums |accessdate=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2011-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111080848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. [[:en:Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name=billboard/> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. [[Billboard|''Billboard'']] [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name=billboard/> |align="center"|1 |} ==Historia ya matoleo== {|class="wikitable" |- !Mkoa !Nchi !Tarehe !Studio |- |rowspan="1"|[[Asia]] |[[Japan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/u-pop/artist/ne-yo/disco/uicd6153.html|title=Ne-Yo:Year of the Gentleman|work=universal-music.co.jp|accessdate=2008-08-13|language=Japanese}}</ref> |11 Septemba 2008 |Universal International |- |rowspan="3"|[[Ulaya]] |[[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |title=Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - CD |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728124656/http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |archivedate=2012-07-28 }}</ref> |rowspan="2"|12 Septemba 2008 |rowspan="2"|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] |- |[[Italy]]<ref>[http://www.ibs.it/disco/0602517735620/ne-yo/year-the-gentleman.html?shop=2057 Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - disco di Ne-Yo]</ref> |- |[[Uingereza]]<ref>[http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;-1;-1;-1&sku=797787 Ne-yo - Year Of The Gentleman]</ref> |15 Septemba 2008 |[[Mercury Records|Mercury]] |- |rowspan="2"|[[Marekani]] |[[United States]]<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Year-Gentleman-Ne-Yo/dp/B0018QCXGO Year of the Gentleman: Ne-Yo: Music]</ref> |16 Septemba 2008 |Def Jam |- |[[Brazil]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2011-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175147/http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 }}</ref> |21 Oktoba 2008 |[[Universal Music]] |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Ne-Yo}} [[Category:Albamu za 2008]] [[Category:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]] [[Category:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Stargate]] [[Category:Albamu za Ne-Yo]] g9hiraq5gl4dfk7hwxrlsdjx1ah34f6 1614104 1614053 2026-11-05T23:59:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Year of the Gentleman | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Ne-Yo]] | Cover = Ne-Yo - Year of The Gentleman.png | Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya Year of the Gentleman | Imetolewa = [[11 Septemba]] [[2008]] | Imerekodiwa = 2007–2008 | Aina = [[R&B]] | Urefu = 48:38 | Lugha = [[Kiingereza]] | Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] | Mtayarishaji = [[Ne-Yo]] <small>(mkuu.)</small><br/>[[Stargate]], Chuck Harmony, [[Polow da Don]], Kirven Arrington, Shea Taylor, [[Stereotypes]], Shomari "Sho" Wilson, Reggie "Scyience" Perry, [[J. R. Rotem]], Butter Beats | Review = * [[:en:About.com|About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://randb.about.com/od/reviews/fr/NeYoGentleman.htm 2008] * [[:en:Allmusic|Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/year-of-the-gentleman-r1390194 2008] * ''[[:en:Entertainment Weekly|Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B+) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20225095,00.html 2008] * ''[[:en:The Guardian|The Guardian]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2008/sep/12/urbanreview.neyo?gusrc=rss&feed=culture 2008] * ''[[:en:Los Angeles Times|Los Angeles Times]]'' {{Rating|3.5|4}} [http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-recordrack16-2008sep16,0,7536833.story 2008] * ''[[:en:Newsday|Newsday]]]'' (A-) [http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/music/ny-etdrops5843860sep16a,0,1346623.story 2008] * ''[[:en:Rolling Stone|Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/22723958/review/22787161/year_of_the_gentleman 2008] * ''[[:en:The Village Voice|The Village Voice]]'' (Positive) [http://www.villagevoice.com/2008-09-17/music/ne-yo-s-fantastic-r-b-finds-strength-in-vulnerability/ 2008] * [[:en:Virgin Media|Virgin Media]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.virginmedia.com/music/reviews/albumreviews/neyo-yearofthegentleman.php 2008] * ''[[:en:The Washington Times|The Washington Times]]'' (Negative) [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2008/sep/16/music-review-ne-yos-year-of-the-gentleman-1/ 2008] | Compiler = | Tarehe = | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Because of You (albamu ya Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]''<br>(2007) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Year of the Gentleman'''''<br>(2008) | Albamu ijayo = ''Libra Scale''<br>(2010) | Misc = {{Singles |Jina = Year of the Gentleman |Type = Studio |single 1 = [[Closer]] |single 1 tarehe = 15 Aprili 2008 |single 2 = [[Miss Independent]] |single 2 tarehe = 11 Agosti 2008 |single 3 = [[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]] |single 3 tarehe = 14 Oktoba 2008 }} }} '''Year of the Gentleman''' ni albamu ya tatu ya [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo|mtunzi]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] - [[Ne-Yo]]. Albamu ilitoka mnamo tarehe [[16 Septemba]] ya mwaka wa [[2008]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|title=Neyo: Year of the Gentleman|work=Def Jam|accessdate=2008-06-30|archive-date=2008-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617001506/http://www.defjam.com/site/artist_home.php?artist_id=593|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Nyimbo== Wimbo wa kwanza ni "[[Closer]]", ambayo ilitolewa tarehe [[15 Aprili]]. Ilipoanza kuingia katika chati za UK ilipata kushika nafasi ya 22, na kisha baadaye ikaja kushika nafasi ya kwanza. Katika chati za Billboard Hot 100 bora, wimbo umepata kushika nafasi ya saba, wakati yenyewe imepata kushika nafasi kwanza katika nyimbo 100 bora zipigwazo sana katika maredio. Wimbo wa pili, "[[Miss Independent]]", ulitolewa tarehe [[11 Agosti]]..<ref name=miss>[http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 New Ne-Yo Music - "Miss Independent"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=85 |date=20080828035908 }} The album released 1 Septemba in UK according to Amazon.co.uk and 16 Septemba for the USA!</ref>Toleo rasmi la wimbo huo lilitolewa mnamo 21 Agosti likiwa limeambatana video yake. .<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 |title=My "Miss Independent" Video Is Gonna Be Hot! |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2009-01-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108234050/http://www.yearofthegentleman.com/?p=101 }}</ref> Nyimbo hizi zote zilitungwa na kutayarishwa na Stargate. Wimbo wa tatu, "Mad", ulitangazwa kupitia Urban/Rhythmic tarehe 14 Oktoba 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/62Jk8gp91?url=http://www.fmqb.com/Article.asp?id=16687 |archivedate=2011-10-10 }}</ref> Kwa upande wa video tayari ishafanywa ya wimbo wa "She Got Her Own" na ndiyo utakaokuwa wimbo rasmi kimataifa. ==Orodha ya nyimbo== {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" !# !Jina la wimbo !Watayarishaji !Muda |- |1 |"[[Closer]]" |[[Stargate]] na [[Ne-Yo]] |3:54 |- |2 |"Nobody" |[[Ne-Yo]] |3:07 |- |3 |"[[Single (wimbo wa New Kids on the Block na Ne-Yo)|Single]]" |[[Polow da Don]] |4:18 |- |4 |"[[Mad (wimbo)|Mad]]" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |4:15 |- |5 |"[[Miss Independent]]" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |3:52 |- |6 |"Why Does She Stay" |[[Stereotypes]] |4:33 |- |7 |"Fade into the Background" |Shomari "Sho" Wilson |3:18 |- |8 |"So You Can Cry" |Scyience |4:18 |- |9 |"[[Part of the List]]" |Chuck Harmony |4:10 |- |10 |"Back to What You Know" |Stargate na Ne-Yo |4:10 |- |11 |"Lie to Me" |Shea Taylor |4:27 |- |12 |"Stop This World" |Chuck Harmony |4:24 |} ===Nyimbo za ziada=== {|border="2" cellpadding="4" cllspacing="0" style="margin: 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 100%;" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" align="center" !Jina la wimbo !Watayarishaji !Muda |- |"In the Way" <small>(U.S. iTunes only)</small> |[[J. R. Rotem]] |4:16 |- |"What's the Matter" <small>(U.S. iTunes Pre-Order; UK, Australia & Japan bonus track)</small> |Chuck Harmony |3:46 |- |"She Got Her Own" <small>(akishirikiana na [[Jamie Foxx]] na [[Fabolous]])<br>(UK iTunes Pre-Order; nyimbo za ziada za Japan)</small> |Butter Beats |5:32 |- |"[[So Sick]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:27 |- |"[[Because of You (wimbo wa Ne-Yo)|Because of You]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:46 |- |"[[Sexy Love]]" <small>(nyimbo za ziada za Kibrazili)</small> |[[Stargate]] |3:40 |} ==Chati== {|class="wikitable" !align="left"|Chati (2008) !align="center"|Nafasi<br/>iliyoshika |- |Australian [[:en:ARIA Charts|ARIA]] Albums Chart<ref name=acharts>[http://acharts.us/album/37772 Ne-Yo - Year Of The Gentleman - Music Charts] ''αCharts''. Accessed 25 Septemba 2008.</ref> |align="center"|7 |- |Austrian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|41 |- |Belgium Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|35 |- |Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canoe -- Jam! Music SoundScan Charts |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |Dutch Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|26 |- |French Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|24 |- |German Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|22 |- |Irish Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|13 |- |Italian Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|22 |- |Japanese Oricon Album Chart<ref name=Oricon/> |align="center"|2 |- |New Zealand Albums Chart<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|6 |- |Swiss Albums Charts<ref name=acharts/> |align="center"|9 |- |[[UK Albums Chart]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |title=BBC - Radio 1 - Chart Show - The UK Top 40 Albums |accessdate=2012-05-25 |archive-date=2011-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111080848/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio1/chart/albums.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. [[:en:Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name=billboard/> |align="center"|2 |- |U.S. [[Billboard|''Billboard'']] [[Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums]]<ref name=billboard/> |align="center"|1 |} ==Historia ya matoleo== {|class="wikitable" |- !Mkoa !Nchi !Tarehe !Studio |- |rowspan="1"|[[Asia]] |[[Japan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universal-music.co.jp/u-pop/artist/ne-yo/disco/uicd6153.html|title=Ne-Yo:Year of the Gentleman|work=universal-music.co.jp|accessdate=2008-08-13|language=Japanese}}</ref> |11 Septemba 2008 |Universal International |- |rowspan="3"|[[Ulaya]] |[[Ujerumani]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |title=Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - CD |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120728124656/http://plattenladen.pop24.de/detailanz/produktanzeige.rt?prid=579276 |archivedate=2012-07-28 }}</ref> |rowspan="2"|12 Septemba 2008 |rowspan="2"|[[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] |- |[[Italy]]<ref>[http://www.ibs.it/disco/0602517735620/ne-yo/year-the-gentleman.html?shop=2057 Ne-Yo - Year of the Gentleman - disco di Ne-Yo]</ref> |- |[[Uingereza]]<ref>[http://hmv.com/hmvweb/displayProductDetails.do?ctx=280;-1;-1;-1&sku=797787 Ne-yo - Year Of The Gentleman]</ref> |15 Septemba 2008 |[[Mercury Records|Mercury]] |- |rowspan="2"|[[Marekani]] |[[United States]]<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Year-Gentleman-Ne-Yo/dp/B0018QCXGO Year of the Gentleman: Ne-Yo: Music]</ref> |16 Septemba 2008 |Def Jam |- |[[Brazil]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2008-10-15 |archivedate=2011-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722175147/http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/produto.dll/detalhe?pro_id=2604957&ID=BD6AB8CC7D80A080B031D0558 }}</ref> |21 Oktoba 2008 |[[Universal Music]] |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Ne-Yo}} [[Category:Albamu za 2008]] [[Category:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]] [[Category:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Stargate]] [[Category:Albamu za Ne-Yo]] 0i721t3b55e4k4fhlt2jpnc8tubb3ua 0 30153 1614004 1601366 2026-11-05T20:23:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Taylor Swift | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Taylor Swift]] | Cover = Tayloralbum.jpg | Imetolewa = 24 Oktoba 2006 | Imerekodiwa = 2005-2006 | Aina = [[Muziki wa country|Country]] | Urefu = 40:48 <small>(standard version)</small><br /> 55:48 <small>(deluxe edition)</small> | Studio = [[Big Machine Records|Big Machine]] | Mtayarishaji = Scott Borchetta <small>(exec.)</small>, Nathan Chapman, Robert Ellis Orrall, Angelo Petraglia, Brett James, Troy Verges | Review = * [[About.com]] {{Rating|5|5}} [http://countrymusic.about.com/od/cdreviewsmz/fr/TaylorSwift.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/taylor-swift-r860523 link] | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Taylor Swift'''''<br />(2006) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection|Sounds of the Season]]''<br />(2007) | Misc = {{Singles | Jina = Taylor Swift | Type = Studio | Single 1 = [[Tim McGraw]] | Single 1 tarehe = 19 Juni 2006 | Single 2 = [[Teardrops on My Guitar]] | Single 2 tarehe = 24 Februari 2007 | Single 3 = [[Our Song]] | Single 3 tarehe = 22 Agosti 2007 | Single 4 = [[Picture to Burn]] | Single 4 tarehe = Januari 2008 | Single 5 = [[Should've Said No]] | Single 5 tarehe = 19 Mei 2008 | Single 6 = I'm Only Me When I'm With You | Single 6 tarehe = 2008 <small>(Radio Disney)</small> | Single 7 = Stay Beautiful | Single 7 tarehe = 2008 <small>(Radio Disney)</small> }} }} '''''Taylor Swift''''' ni jina la kutaja albamu ya kwanza na jina la msanii mwenyewe wa muziki wa county na pop wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] Bi. [[Taylor Swift]]. Albamu iltolewa mnamo tar. [[24 Oktoba]] [[2006]] kwenye studio ya [[Big Machine Records]], na kutumbukiza vibao vikali vitano kwenye chati za ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' kwa upande wa muziki wa country. == Orodha ya nyimbo == {{tracklist | total_length = 40:48 |title1 = [[Tim McGraw]] | length1 = 3:54 | title2 = [[Picture to Burn]] | length2 = 2:57 | title3 = [[Teardrops on My Guitar]] | length3 = 3:37 | title4 = A Place in This World | note4 = Swift, [[Robert Ellis Orrall]], Angelo Petraglia | length4 = 3:24 | title5 = Cold As You | length5 = 4:03 | title6 = The Outside | note6 = Swift | length6 = 3:31 | title7 = Tied Together with a Smile | length7 = 4:13 | title8 = Stay Beautiful | length8 = 4:00 | title9 = [[Should've Said No]] | note9 = Swift | length9 = 4:06 | title10 = Mary's Song (Oh My My My) | note10 = Swift, Rose, Brian Dean Maher | length10 = 3:37 | title11 = [[Our Song]] | note11 = Swift | length11 = 3:24 }} == Chati == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} {| class="wikitable" |align="center"|'''Nchi''' !align="left"|Chati (2007~8) !align="left"|Nafasi<br />iliyoshika |- |align="center"|Australia |align="left"|Australian ARIA Albums Chart<ref>http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20090320-0000/issue992.pdf</ref> |align="center"|68 |- |align="center"|Australia |align="left"|Australian ARIA Country Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_country.asp?chart=1F20 http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_country.asp?chart=1F20] ''Ariacharts.com''</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="center"|Kanada |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html] {{Wayback|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |date=20041226005640 }} ''jam.canoe.ca''</ref> |align="center"|14 |- |align="center"|Kanada |align="left"|Canadian Country Albums Chart<ref>[http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/COUNTRY.html http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/COUNTRY.html] ''jam.canoe.ca''</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="center"|US |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' Top Country Albums<ref name="billboard.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20081227014159/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=766101&model.vnuAlbumId=1183852 http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/retrieve_chart_history.do?model.chartFormatGroupName=Albums&model.vnuArtistId=766101&model.vnuAlbumId=1183852] ''Billboard.com''</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="center"|US |align="left"|U.S. [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]<ref name="billboard.com"/> |align="center"|5 |- |align="center"| |align="left"|[[UK Album Chart]] |align="center"|81 |} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{start box}} {{s-bef | before= ''5th Gear'' ya Brad Paisley}} {{s-ttl | title= Albamu Bora za Country [[:en:List of number-one country albums of 2007 (U.S.)|albamu-namba-moja]] | years= 4 Agosti 2007 - 22 Septemba 2007}} {{s-aft | after= ''Just Who I Am: Poets & Pirates''<br />ya Kenny Chesney}} {{s-bef | before= ''Long Road Out Of Eden'' ya Eagles}} {{s-ttl | title= Albamu Bora za Country [[:en:List of number-one country albums of 2008 (U.S.)|albamu-namba-moja]] | years= 19 Januari 2008 - 1 Machi 2008}} {{s-aft | after= ''My Life's Been a Country Song''<br />ya Chris Cagle}} {{s-bef | before= ''My Life's Been a Country Song''<br />ya Chris Cagle}} {{s-ttl | title= Albamu Bora za Country namba-moja | years= 15 Machi 2008}} {{s-aft | after= ''Good Time'' ya [[Alan Jackson]]}}gdxsj ngcx {{s-bef | before= ''Good Time'' ya Alan Jackson}} {{s-ttl | title= Albamu Bora za Country namba-moja | years= 5 Aprili 2008}} {{s-aft | after= ''Troubadour'' ya [[George Strait]]}} {{s-bef | before= ''Julianne Hough'' ya [[Julianne Hough]]}} {{s-ttl | title= Albamu Bora za Country namba-moja | years= 14 Juni 2008}} {{s-aft | after= ''[[Perfectly Clear]]'' ya [[Jewel]]}} {{s-bef | before= ''Perfectly Clear'' ya Jewel}} {{s-ttl | title= Top Country Albums number-one album | years= 28 Juni 2008 - 26 Julai 2008}} {{s-aft | after= ''[[Beautiful Eyes]]'' ya Taylor Swift}} {{end box}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Taylor Swift}} {{Mbegu-jio-Uturuki}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2006]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Big Machine Records]] [[Jamii:Albamu za kwanza]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Taylor Swift]] th0utdrh8i2sfxb9ghflijvbwqo75cv 10 31864 1613751 607543 2026-11-05T13:41:17Z Score Beethoven 26647 1613751 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> :''This template is used in conjunction with {{tl|Infobox Officeholder}}.'' {{pp-template|small=yes}} </noinclude><includeonly> <!----------Spika wa Bunge----------> {{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| {{#if:{{{state_legislature|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} [[Spika wa Bunge la {{{legislature|}}}]]</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{state_assembly|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} [[Spika wa Bunge la {{{state_assembly|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{speaker|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{speaker}}} {{#if:{{{speaker_office|}}}|{{{speaker_office}}}|[[Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|United States}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}|Speaker of the {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}} |{{{state_delegate}}}|{{#if:{{{state_house|}}} |{{{state_house}}}|U.S.}}}} House of {{#if:{{{state_delegate|}}}|Delegates|Representatives}}]]}}</div> {{!}}- }} }} }} }} <!----------Idara----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;"> {{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}&nbsp;}}{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|n|N}}ominee|{{#if:{{{party{{#if:{{{party_election{{{1}}}||}}}|_election{{{1}}}||}}|}}}|c|C}}andidate}} for<br>{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}</div> {{!}}- {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}} | {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Election&nbsp;date'''<br />{{#if:{{{election_date{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{election_date{{{1}}}}}}|{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}}} {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">[[United States Senate|<!--Changed code to eliminate "Junior/Senior" distinction for U.S. Senators per [[Template talk:Infobox Officeholder#Senior/Junior U.S. Senators]]{{{jr/sr}}}-->United States Senator{{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}} |-elect}}]]<br />from {{{state{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Member of the [[{{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]<br />from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}| <br /><small>{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}</small>}} </div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">Member of the [[{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}}}} Legislature]]<br />from the {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district</div> {{!}}- }} }} {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}} | !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}} <hr/><!-- --><div style="background:lavender;">{{{order{{{1}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;[[{{{office{{{1}}}}}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;[[{{{state{{{1}}}}}}]]}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}} |&nbsp;{{{title{{{1}}}}}}}}<!-- --></div> {{!}}-| {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">{{{office{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{title{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold">{{{title{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} }} }} <!----------balozi----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{country{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#if:{{{order{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{order{{{1}}}}}}}} [[{{{{{#if:{{{ambassador_from{{{1}}}|}}}|ambassador|minister}}_from{{{1}}}}}} balozi to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{minister_from{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}{{{minister_from{{{1}}}}}} Minister to {{{country{{{1}}}}}}}}]]</div> {{!}}- }} }} <!----------MP----------> {{#if:{{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#ifeq:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|Ireland|[[Teachta Dála]]|{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Member of the [[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} Assembly]]|Assembly Member}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}}}<br />for {{{constituency_{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|AM|MP}}{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{riding{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">{{#if:{{{constituency_AM{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#if:{{{assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Member of the [[{{{assembly{{{1}}}}}} Assembly]]|Assembly Member}}|Member of {{#if:{{{parliament{{{1}}}|}}}|the [[{{{parliament{{{1}}}}}} Parliament]]|Parliament}}}}<br />for {{{riding{{{1}}}}}}</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Majority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Minority Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{minority_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Minority Floor Leader (State Senate)----------> {{#if:{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{minority_floor_leader{{{1}}}}}} [[Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate|Minority Floor Leader of the {{{state_senate{{{1}}}}}} Senate]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Majority Leader----------> {{#if:{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">{{{majorityleader{{{1}}}}}} [[United States Senate Majority Leader]]</div> {{!}}- }} <!----------Congressman----------> {{#if:{{{state_legislature{{{1}}}|}}}{{{state_senate{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr{{{1}}}|}}}{{{jr/sr and state{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}|{{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">Member-elect of the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S.&nbsp;House&nbsp;of&nbsp;Representatives]]{{#if:{{{state{{{1}}}|}}}|&nbsp;from<br />{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}}&nbsp;district {{!}}-|{{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}| !colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender;">Member of the [[{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}} {{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|Nevada||{{#ifeq:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|New Jersey|General|State}}}} Assembly]]<br />from {{#if:{{{state_assembly{{{1}}}|}}}|the {{{district{{{1}}}}}}}} district</div> {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{district{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:110%;"{{!}}<hr/><div style="background:lavender; font-weight:bold;">Member of the [[{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|United States }}}} {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|House of Delegates|House of Representatives}}|{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}} |{{{state_house{{{1}}}}}}|{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}}}}|U.S.}}}}&nbsp;{{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|House&nbsp;of&nbsp;Delegates|{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}}| }}House&nbsp;of&nbsp;Representatives}}]]<br />from {{#if:{{{state_delegate{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{#if:{{{state_house{{{1}}}|}}}|the |{{{state{{{1}}}}}}'s}}}} {{{district{{{1}}}}}} district{{#if:{{{prior_term{{{1}}}|}}}| <br /><small>{{{prior_term{{{1}}}}}}</small>}} </div> {{!}}- }} }} }} }} }} <!----------Term----------> {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{nominee{{{1}}}|}}}|nominee|candidate}}{{{1}}}|}}}|| {{#if:{{{succeeding{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Taking&nbsp;office'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- |{{#if: {{{term{{{1}}}|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Muda wa Utawala'''<br />{{{term{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}|}}}| {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}} |<!--then term has start and end:--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-bottom:none; text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Muda wa Utawala'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}&nbsp;&ndash;&nbsp;{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}{{{co-leader{{{1}}}|}}}|<br />{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|Serving|Co&ndash;leading}}&nbsp;with&nbsp;{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}|{{{co-leader{{{1}}}}}}}}}} {{!}}- |<!--else:--> <!--term is ongoing--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;"{{!}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{term{{#if:{{{termend{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}end{{{1}}}|}}} |<!--then nothing else; term has ended--> |<!--else term is ongoing:--> {{!}}colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"{{!}}'''Aliingia&nbsp;ofisini&nbsp;'''<br />{{{term{{#if:{{{termstart{{{1}}}|}}}||_}}start{{{1}}}}}}{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}{{{co-leader{{{1}}}|}}}|<br />{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|Serving|Co&ndash;leader}}&nbsp;with&nbsp;{{#if:{{{alongside{{{1}}}|}}}|{{{alongside{{{1}}}}}}|{{{co-leader{{{1}}}}}}}}}} {{!}}- }} }} }} }} <!---------- Rais, Waziri Mkuu, Governor----------> {{#if:{{{monarch{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Monarch {{!}} {{{monarch{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{president{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Rais {{!}} {{{president{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|&ndash;|&nbsp;}}General {{!}} {{{governor{{#if:{{{governor-general{{{1}}}|}}}|-|_}}general{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{primeminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Waziri Mkuu {{!}} {{{primeminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{chancellor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Chansella {{!}} {{{chancellor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{taoiseach{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Taoiseach {{!}} {{{taoiseach{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{firstminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu {{!}} {{{firstminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{chiefminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu {{!}} {{{chiefminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{premier{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Premier {{!}} {{{premier{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{governor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Governor {{!}} {{{governor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Lieutenant&nbsp;Governor {{!}} {{{lieutenant_governor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!---------- Makamu wa Rais, Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu, Deputy/ies, Lieutenant/s----------> {{#if:{{{vicepresident{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Makamu wa {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Vice {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Makamu wa Rais]]|Makamu wa Rais}}|Makamu wa Rais}} {{!}} {{{vicepresident{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Makamu wa {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Makamu wa {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Vice&nbsp;Governor]]|Vice&nbsp;Governor}}|Vice&nbsp;Governor}} {{!}} {{{vicegovernor{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Makamu wa {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu]]|Vice&nbsp;[[Waziri Mkuu|PM]]}} {{!}} {{{viceprimeminister{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{vicepremier{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Makamu wa {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Makamu wa {{{office}}}|Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu]]|Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu}}|Makamu wa Waziri Mkuu}} {{!}} {{{vicepremier{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{deputy{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{isValidPageName|Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}}}|valid|[[Deputy {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Deputy]]|Deputy}}|Deputy}} {{!}} {{{deputy{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{leader{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Leader {{!}} {{{leader{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{lieutenant{{{1}}}|}}}| ! {{#if:{{{office{{{1}}}|}}}|[[Lieutenant {{{office{{{1}}}}}}|Lieutenant]]|Lieutenant}} {{!}} {{{lieutenant{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{nominator{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Alipendekezwa&nbsp;na {{!}} {{{nominator{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{appointe{{#if:{{{appointer{{{1}}}|}}}|r|d}}{{{1}}}|}}}| ! 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Succeeding {{!}} {{{succeeding{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- |{{#if:{{{preceding{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Preceding {{!}} {{{preceding{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | ! mtangulizi {{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{predecessor{{{1}}}|}}}|predecessor|preceded}}{{{1}}}|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#switch:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | Incumbent | '''Incumbent''' | ''Incumbent'' | [[Incumbent]] | incumbent | '''incumbent''' | ''incumbent'' | [[incumbent]] = |{{#if:{{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} | ! aliyemfuata {{!}} {{{{{#if:{{{successor{{{1}}}|}}}|successor|succeeded}}{{{1}}}|}}} }} {{!}}- }}}} <!-----Constituency-----> {{#if:{{{constituency{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Jimbo&nbsp;la&nbsp;uchaguzi {{!}} {{{constituency{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }} <!-----Majority-----> {{#if:{{{majority{{{1}}}|}}}| ! Majority {{!}} {{{majority{{{1}}}}}} {{!}}- }}</includeonly> 3os1mwclgnpds0nnxdn2exa7jz32ibh 10 31865 1613752 981945 2026-11-05T13:41:23Z Score Beethoven 26647 1613752 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!----------kuzaliwa/kufa----------> {{!}}- {{!}}colspan="2"{{!}}<hr/> {{!}}- {{#if:{{{birth{{#if:{{{birthdate|}}}||_}}date|}}}| ! Tarehe ya kuzaliwa {{!}} {{{birth{{#if:{{{birthdate|}}}||_}}date}}}<br />{{{birth{{#if:{{{birthplace|}}}||_}}place|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{death{{#if:{{{deathdate|}}}||_}}date|}}}| ! Tarehe ya kufa {{!}} {{{death{{#if:{{{deathdate|}}}||_}}date}}}<br />{{{death{{#if:{{{deathplace|}}}||_}}place|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{date of birth|}}}| ! Tarehe ya kuzaliwa {{!}} {{{date of birth}}}<br />{{{place of birth|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{date of death|}}}| ! Tarehe ya kufa {{!}} {{{date of death}}}<br />{{{place of death|}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{restingplace|}}}| ! 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Mhitimu wa {{!}} {{{alma_mater}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{occupation|}}}| ! Taaluma {{!}} {{{occupation}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{profession|}}}| ! Fani yake {{!}} {{{profession}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{cabinet|}}}| ! Baraza la mawaziri {{!}} {{{cabinet}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{committees|}}}| ! Kamati {{!}} {{{committees}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{portfolio|}}}| ! Portfolio {{!}} {{{portfolio}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{religion|}}}| ! Dini {{!}} {{{religion}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{data1|}}}| ! {{{blank1}}} {{!}} {{{data1}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{data2|}}}| ! {{{blank2}}} {{!}} {{{data2}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{data3|}}}| ! {{{blank3}}} {{!}} {{{data3}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{data4|}}}| ! {{{blank4}}} {{!}} {{{data4}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{data5|}}}| ! {{{blank5}}} {{!}} {{{data5}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{signature|}}}| ! Sahihi {{!}} [[Image:{{{signature}}}|128px|alt={{{signature_alt|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}'s signature]] {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{website|}}}| ! Tovuti {{!}} {{{website}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{tovuti|}}}| ! Tovuti {{!}} {{{tovuti}}} {{!}}- }} <!----------Military service----------> {{#if:{{{allegiance|}}}{{{branch|}}}{{{serviceyears|}}}{{{rank|}}}{{{unit|}}}{{{commands|}}}{{{battles|}}}{{{awards|}}}{{{military_blank1|}}}| {{!}} colspan="2" {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|header_bar}} {{!}} '''Military service''' {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{nickname|}}}| ! Nickname(s) {{!}} {{{nickname}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{allegiance|}}}| ! Allegiance {{!}} {{{allegiance}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{branch|}}}| ! Service/branch {{!}} {{{branch}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{serviceyears|}}}| ! Years&nbsp;of service {{!}} {{{serviceyears}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{rank|}}}| ! Rank {{!}} {{{rank}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{unit|}}}| ! Unit {{!}} {{{unit}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{commands|}}}| ! Commands {{!}} {{{commands}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{battles|}}}| ! Battles/wars {{!}} {{{battles}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{awards|}}}| ! Awards {{!}} {{{awards}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{military_data1|}}}| ! {{{military_blank1}}} {{!}} {{{military_data1}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{military_data2|}}}| ! {{{military_blank2}}} {{!}} {{{military_data2}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{military_data3|}}}| ! {{{military_blank3}}} {{!}} {{{military_data3}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{military_data4|}}}| ! {{{military_blank4}}} {{!}} {{{military_data4}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{military_data5|}}}| ! {{{military_blank5}}} {{!}} {{{military_data5}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid; font-size:90%;"{{!}} {{{footnotes}}} {{!}}- }} {{#if:{{{date|}}}| {{!}}colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid right; font-size:90%;"{{!}}As of [[{{{date}}}]]{{#if:{{{year|}}} |, [[{{{year}}}]]}}}}{{#if:{{{source|}}}|<br />Source: [{{{source}}}]}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{pp-template}} {{/hati}} </noinclude> fxv41f3urkum4nrzyeejxd4dhe9yrpc 0 33085 1613984 1607768 2026-11-05T20:04:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[File:Ballard Farmers' Market - vegetables.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Muuzaji]] [[mboga]] [[soko|sokoni]].]] '''Somo la uchumi''' ni [[sayansi ya jamii]] ambayo hutafiti [[uzalishaji]], [[usambazaji]], na matumizi ya [[bidhaa]] na [[huduma]]. [[Neno]] ''[[uchumi]]'' linatokana na [[kitenzi]] "kuchuma". [[Jina]] la [[Kiingereza]] ''economy'' linatokana na neno la [[Kigiriki cha Kale]] ''oikonomia'' lenye maana ya "usimamizi wa kaya, utawala" (kutoka oikos, "nyumba" + nomos, "desturi" au "sheria"), kwa hiyo "sheria za nyumba (kaya)".<ref name="etymology">{{cite web | last = Harper | first = Douglas | authorlink = Douglas Harper | title = Online Etymology Dictionary&nbsp;— Economy | month = Novemba | year = 2001 | url = http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=economy | dateformat = mdy | accessdate=27 Oktoba 2007}}</ref> Aina za masomo ya kiuchumi ya kisasa zilizotokana na somo pana la uchumi wa kisiasa katika miaka ya mwisho ya karne ya 19, kutokana na matamanio ya kuchukua mwelekeo jarabati unaofaa zaidi sayansi za kiasilia.<ref name="Clark"> Clark, B. (1998). ''Kisiasa-uchumi: A Comparative strategi.'' Westport, CT: Preager.</ref> Ufafanuzi unaojumuisha mengi ya masomo ya kiuchumi ya kisasa ni ule wa [[Lionel Robbins]] katika insha yake: “Insha Juu ya Asili na Umuhimu wa Uchumi wa Kisayansi."<ref> {{cite book | last = Robbins | first = Lionel | authorlink = Lionel Robbins | title = An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science | publisher = Macmillan and Co., Limited | year = 1945 | location = London | url = http://www.mises.org/books/robbinsessay2.pdf|format=PDF}} s. 16</ref> Uhaba unamaanisha kuwa rasilimali zinazopatikana hazitoshelezi mahitaji yote. Ikiwa hakuna uhaba na kuna matumizi badala ya rasilimali zinazopatikana, basi hakuna shida ya kiuchumi. Hivyo somo lililofafanuliwa linahusu utafiti wa chaguzi kama vile zinavyobadilishwa na vishawishi na rasilimali. Somo la uchumi linalenga kufafanua vile uchumi hufanya kazi na vile viungo vya kiuchumi hufanya kazi pamoja. Uchambuzi wa kiuchumi huhusisha sehemu zote za jamii, katika biashara, fedha na serikali, na hata katika uhalifu,<ref> [[Friedman, Daudi D.]] (2002). [http://www.econlib.org/LIBRARY/Enc/Crime.html "Uhalifu,"] ''The kortfattad Encyclopedia wa Uchumi.'' Ilitumiwa 31 Oktoba 2006. </ref> [[elimu]], [[familia]], [[afya]], [[sheria]], [[siasa]], dini,<ref>Iannaccone, Laurence R. (1998). "Utangulizi wa Uchumi wa Dini," ''Journal of Economic Fasihi,'' 36 (3), [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715171833/http://www.religionomics.com/old/erel/S2-Archives/Iannaccone%20-%20Introduction%20to%20the%20Economics%20of%20Religion.pdf uk. 1465-1495..]</ref> [[taasisi za kijamii]], vita,<ref>[[Nordhaus, William D.]] (2002). "The Economic mshahara wa Vita na Iraq", katika ''Vita na Iraq: Gharama, mshahara, na Alternatives,'' [http://nordhaus.econ.yale.edu/AAAS_War_Iraq_2.pdf uk. 51-85.] {{Wayback|url=http://nordhaus.econ.yale.edu/AAAS_War_Iraq_2.pdf |date=20070202005510 }} American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Cambridge, MA. Accessed 21 Oktoba 2007.</ref> na [[sayansi.]]<ref>Arthur M. Diamond, Jr (2008). "sayansi, uchumi wa," [[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,|''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics,'' ]] 2nd Edition, Basingstoke na New York: [[Macmillan Palgrave.]] Pre-chapisho [https://web.archive.org/web/20120311140511/http://cba.unomaha.edu/faculty/adiamond/WEB/DiamondPDFs/PalgraveEconSci07.pdf cached ccpy.]</ref> Hoja inayoendelea kukua ya somo la kiuchumi katika sayansi ya kijamii imeelezwa kuwa ubeberu wa kiuchumi.<ref> [[Becker, Gary S.]] (1976). ''Approach ya Uchumi kwa Binadamu Behavior.'' [http://books.google.com/books?id=iwEOFKSKbMgC&dq=%22The+Economic+Approach+to+Human+Behavior%22+Introduction&lr=&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 Links] to arrow-page viewable sura. University of Chicago Press.</ref> Tofauti za kawaida huelezwa baina ya jinsi mbalimbali za somo la kiuchumi: baina ya uchumi chanya (kueleza “kile kilichoko”) na uchumi unaozidi kuongezeka (kueleza “kile kinachostahili kuwa”) au baina ya [[uchumi]] nadharia na uchumi wa kivitendo au baina ya uchumi uliotanda (ulio “halisi” unaojihusisha na “uwiano wa fikira-ubinafsi-msawazo”) na uchumi usio asilia (“badilishi” zaidi unaoshughulika na “uwiano wa taasisi-historia-muundo wa kijamii"<ref> Davis, John B. (2006 "Heterodox Uchumi, ya marknadsfragmentering ya Mainstream, na Wikipedia Individual Analysis," katika ''Future Directions in Heterodox Uchumi.'' Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.</ref>). Hata hivyo tofauti ya kimsingi ya kiada baina ya “uchumi wa kiwango cha chini” (microeconomics), ambao unaotafiti tabia ya kiuchumi ya viungo (pamoja na watu binafsi na makampuni) na “uchumi wa kiwango cha juu” (macroeconomics), ambao hushughulikia maswala ya ukosefu wa ajira, mfumuko wa bei, sera ya fedha na hazina kwa uchumi wote. ===Kuanguka kwa soko=== [[File:Smokestack in Detroit.jpg|right|thumb|Pollution can be a simple example of market failure. If costs of production are not borne by producers but are by the environment, accident victims or others, then prices are distorted.|alt = A smokestack ikitoa moshi]] Maneno “kuanguka kwa soko” hujumuisha matatizo kadha wa kadha ambayo hudhoofisha fikira za kawaida za kiuchumi. Ingawa wanauchumi huorodhesha kuanguka kwa soko katika makundi tofauti,<ref> Rej. Barr (2004) uk. 72-79, ambao orodha ya soko kwa kushindwa ni kushindwa melded dhana ya kiuchumi, ambayo ni (1) wazalishaji kama bei takers (yaani uwepo wa oligopoly au monopol; lakini kwa nini hili si bidhaa ya yafuatayo?) (2) sawa nguvu za walaji (kile ajira wanasheria wito wa usawa wa biashara nguvu) (3) kukamilisha masoko (4) mali ya umma (5) nje ya madhara (yaani externalities?) (6) kuongeza anarudi wadogo (yaani vitendo monopol) (7) kamilifu habari.</ref> makundi yafuatayo hupatikana kutokana na nakala kuu.<ref> Stiglitz (2000) Ch.4, inasema vyanzo vya kushindwa soko inaweza enumerated kama [[asili monopol, habari de skillnader, incomplete masoko, externalities]], hali [[nzuri ya umma]] na [[uchumi]] störningar.</ref> Makundi asili yanayotawala shughuli za soko, au dhana zinazoambatana za kundi tawala “tendaji” au “la ustadi”, huhusisha ulegevu wa ushindani katika kuthibiti wazalishaji. Tatizo hili huelezwa kama hali ambapo ikiwa bidhaa itaendelea kuzalishwa zaidi, basi mapato yanakuwa ya kiwango cha juu. Hii humaanishwa kuwa hali hii humfaidi tu mzalishaji mmoja. Kutolingana kwa habari hutokea pale kikundi kimoja kina maelezo zaidi au bora zaidi kuliko kingine. Kuwepo kwa kutolingana kwa habari huzua matatizo kama shida za kimaadili, na uteuzi mbaya, ambayo hutafitiwa katika nadharia ya mkataba. Uchumi wa habari hufungamana na maswala mengi, ambayo ni pamoja na fedha, bima na sheria ya mkataba, na maamuzi chini ya hali za hatari na ukosefu wa uhakika.<ref>Lippman, SS, na JJ McCall (2001). "Habari, Uchumi wa," [[International Encyclopedia wa Social Sciences & Behavioral,|''International Encyclopedia wa Social Sciences & Behavioral,'' ]] uk. 7480-7486. [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-1KS&_rdoc=16&_hierId=151000134&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000131,151000134&_fmt=summary&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=28&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=748a6fddc8a0c1b70f58f6d282af81fd Abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-1KS&_rdoc=16&_hierId=151000134&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000131,151000134&_fmt=summary&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=28&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=748a6fddc8a0c1b70f58f6d282af81fd |date=20080926130228 }}</ref> Masoko yasiyokamilika ni jina ambalo hutumika katika hali ambapo wanunuzi na wauzi hawana habari ya kutosha kuhusu hali ya mwingine ilikuweza kuweka bei ya bidhaa au kutoa huduma ipasavyo. Huku kikitokana na makala ya George Akerlof ya Market for Lemons, kiolezo cha kutoa mfano ni kile cha soko yenye hila ya magari yaliyotumika. Wateja wasiokuwa na uwezo wa kujua iwapo wananunua “limau” watasukuma bei ya wastani chini zaidi kuliko ile bei inayostahili kwa ya gari nzuri iliyotumika. Kwa njia hii, bei inaweza kutoonyesha thamani ya kweli. Bidhaa za umma ni bidhaa ambazo zina uhaba katika soko la kawaida. Jinsi za kutambua hali hii ni kuwa watu wanaweza kutumia bidhaa hizi pasi na kuzilipia na kuwa zaidi ya mtu mmoja anaweza kutumia bidhaa hii kwa wakati mmoja. Vipengele vya nje huzuka pale ambapo kuna gharama au faida za juu za kijamii kutoka kwa uzalishaji au utumiaji ambavyo havidhihiriki katika bei za soko. Kwa mfano, uchafuzi wa hewa unaweza kuzua kipengele cha nje kisichofaa, na elimu inaweza kuzua kipengele cha nje kilicho na manufaa (kupungua kwa uhalifu, na kadhalika.). Serikali mara nyingi hulipisha kodi kwa na kuweka vizuizi kwa bidhaa zilizo na vepengele vya nje visivyofaa katika jitihada za kurekebisha mwenendo wa bei unaosababishwa na vipengel hivi vya nje.<ref> [[Laffont, JJ]] (1987). "Externalities", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 2, uk 263-65.</ref> Nadharia ya kimsingi ya mahitaji-na-ugavi hutabiri msawazo lakini si kasi ya urekebishaji wa mabadiliko ya msawazo kutokana na mabadiliko katika mahitaji na ugavi.<ref>[[Blaug, Marko]] (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics". ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica'' v. 27, uk 347. Chicago. ISBN 0852294239</ref> Katika sehemu nyingi, aina fulani ya utobadilikaji wa bei hukubalika ili kueleza sababu ya viwango, na wala si bei, na kurekebisha kwa muda mfupi mabadiliko katika upande wa mahitaji au ule wa ugavi. Hii hujumuisha uchambuzi wa kawaida wa maisha ya biashara katika somo la uchumi wa kiwango cha juu. Uchambuzi mara nyingi huhusisha sababu za kutobadilika huku kwa bei na athari zake katika kufikia msawazo unaokisiwa kwa muda mrefu. Mifano ya kutobadilika kwa bei katika masoko fulani ni pamoja na viwango vya marupurupu katika soko la ajira na bei zilizowekwa katika masoko ambayo hayana ushindani kamili. Ukosefu wa kuimarika kwa uchumi wa kiwango cha juu, unaozungumziwa hapa chini, ni chanzo muhimu cha kuanguka kwa soko, ambapo kupotea kwa uthabiti wa biashara kwa ujumla au mshtuko wan je unaweza kusitisha uzalishaji na usambazaji, na hivyo kudhoofisha masoko ambayo yalikuwa yameimarika hapo awali. Baadhi ya masomo yaliyochanganuliwa ya kiuchumi hushughulika na kuanguka kwa masoko kuliko mengine. Uchumi wa sekta ya umma ni mfano mmoja, kwani iwapo masoko huanguka, basi aina fulani ya uthibiti au mpango wa serikali ndilo jibu. Nyingi za chumi za kimazingira huhusisha vipengele vya nje au “mabaya ya umma". Aina za sera hujumuisha vithibiti ambavyo huonyesha uchambuzi wa gharama-faida au ufumbuzi wa masoko ambao hubadili motisha, kama vile ada za uchafuzi wa mazingira au udhihirishaji upya wa haki za kumiliki mali.<ref> Kneese, Allen K., na Clifford S. Russell (1987). "Environmental Economics", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 2, uk. 159-64.</ref><ref> Samuelson, Paulo A., na [[William D. Nordhaus]] (2004). ''Economics,'' ch. 18, "kulinda mazingira." McGraw-Hill.</ref> ===Makampuni=== [[File:Sao Paulo Stock Exchange.jpg|thumb|right| In Virtual Markets, buyer and seller are not present and trade via intermediates and electronic information. Pictured: São Paulo Stock Exchange.|alt = watu wawili kukaa saa kompyuta wachunguzi na taarifa ya fedha]] Mojawapo ya fikira kuhusu masoko yaliyo na ushindani kamili ni kuwa kunao wazalishaji wengi, hamna baina yao anayeweza kushawishi mabadiliko ya bei wala kufanya kazi pasi na kuzingatia masharti ya soko. Hata hivyo, katika hali halisi, watu hawafanyi biashara tu kwa soko, huwa wanafanya kazi na kuzalisha katika makampuni. Aina za makampuni ni mashirika, ubia na amana. Kwa mujibu wa Ronald Coase, watu huanza kupanga uzalishaji wao katika makampuni wakati gharama za kufanya biashara huwa za chini kuliko wakati wafanyapo shughuli hizi sokoni.<ref> Coase, [[asili ya Firm|''asili ya Firm'' ]] (1937)</ref> Makampuni hujumuisha kazi na mtaji, na zinaweza kupata faida nyingi zaidi za upanuzi (wakati kuzalisha vitu viwili zaidi ni nafuu zaidi kuliko kuzalisha kitu kimoja) kuliko kufanya biashara ya kitu kimoja katika soko. Uchumi wa ajira hutafuta kuelewa utendakazi wa soko na mienendo ya ajira. Masoko ya ajira hufanya kazi kupitia kwa mwingiliano wa wafanyakazi na waajiri. Uchumi wa ajira huangalia watoaji wa huduma za kazi (wafanyakazi), wanaohitaji huduma za kazi (waajiri), na juhudi za kuelewa mifumo inayotokea ya marupurupu na mapato mengine kutokana na kazi na ya ajira na ukosefu wa ajira. Matumizi halisi ni pamoja na kusaidia katika ubuni wa utumizi kamili wa sera.<ref> [[Freeman, RB]] (1987). "Kazi Economics", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 3, uk. 72-76.</ref> Mpagilio wa viwanda hutafiti tabia za mikakati ya makampuni, miundo ya soko na maingiliano yao. Miundo ya kawaida ya masoko iliyotafitiwa ni pamoja na ushindani kamili, ushindani ulio na kundi moja lililo na sehemu kubwa ya shughuli za soko, na aina nyingi ya makundi kadhaa yanayomiliki sehemu kubwa ya soko, na kundi moja linalomiliki sehemu kubwa ya soko.<ref> Schmalensee, Richard (1987). "Viwanda Organization", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 2, uk. 803-808.</ref> Uchumi wa kifedha, huitwao mara nyingi fedha, hushughulika na ugavi wa rasilimali za kifedha katika mazingira ambayo hayana uhakika (au yaliyo na hatari fulani). Kwa hivyo, zingatio lake ni katika utendakazi wa masoko ya kifedha, uwekaji wa gharama katika vifaa vya kiuchumi, na miundo ya kifedha ya makampuni.<ref> [[Ross, Stephen A.]] (1987). "Fedha", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 2, uk. 322-26.</ref> Uchumi wa usimamizi hulinganisha uchambuzi wa uchumi wa kiwango cha chini na maamuzi maalumu katika makampuni ya biashara au vitengo vya usimamizi. Uchumi huu hutegemea sana sana na mbinu za kujumuisha wingi kama vile utafiti wa utendakazi na utaratibishaji na kutoka kwa mbinu za takwimu kama vile uchambuzi wa kuridi nyuma katika hali ya ukosefu wa uhakika na habari kamilifu. Hoja ya kuunganisha ni jaribio la kuimarisha ufanisi wa maamuzi ya kibiashara, ikiwemo kupunguza iwezekanavyo kwa bei ya kitengo na kuongeza iwezekanavyo kwa faida, kulingana na malengo ya kampuni na vikwazo vinavyotokana na teknolojia na hali ya soko.<ref> NA (2007). "usimamizi uchumi". {{cite book | title=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica| date=| pages=v. 7, p. 757| publisher=The New Encyclopaedia Britannica| location=Chicago| isbn=0852294239}}</ref><ref> Hughes, Alan (1987). "Usimamizi Capitalism", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 3, uk. 293-96.</ref> ===Sekta ya umma=== Fedha za umma ni sehemu ya uchumi ambayo hushughulika na ubuni wa bajeti ya mapato na matumizi ya kitengo cha sekta ya umma, kwa kawaida serikali. Mada hii hushughulikia maswala kama vile malipo ya ushuru (ni nani hasa analipa ushuru fulani), uchambuzi wa gharama-faida wa mipango ya serikali, athari juu ya ufanisi wa kiuchumi na ugavi wa mapato katika aina tofauti za matumizi na ushuru, na siasa za kifedha. Jambo hili la mwisho, ambalo ni kipengele cha nadharia ya chaguo ya umma, hubuni tabia ya sekta ya umma kama mfano wa uchumi wa kiwango cha chini, unaohusisha maingiliano ya wapiga kura wanaojali maslahi yao wenyewe, wanasiasa, na wafanyakazi wa serikali au mashirika mengine.<ref> [[Musgrave, RA]] (1987). "Fedha", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 3, uk. 1055-60.</ref> Wingi wa uchumi ni wa manufaa, kwani hutafuta kueleza na kutabiri matukio ya kiuchumi. Uchumi wa kuamua thamani (normative economics) hujihusisha na kubaini lililo zuri au baya kiuchumi. Uchumi wa ustawi ni tawi la uchumi wa kuamua thamani unaotumia ustadi wa uchumi wa kiwango cha chini ili kubainisha kwa wakati huo huo ufanisi wa ugavi katika uchumi na ugavi wa mapato unaohusishwa nao. Huwa unajaribu kupima ustawi wa jamii kwa kuchunguza shughuli za kiuchumi za watu wanaobuni jamii.<ref> Feldman, Allan M. (1987). "Ustawi Economics", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 4, uk. 889-95.</ref> ==Uchumi wa kiwango cha juu== [[File:Circulation in macroeconomics.svg|thumb|250px|A depiction of the circular flow of income|alt = A graph depicting "Mzunguko katika Microeconomics"]] Uchumi wa kiwango cha juu huchunguza uchumi mzima ilikueleza mikusanyiko mipana na mwingiliano wao “kutoka juu hadi chini,” yaani, kwa kutumia aina iliyorahisishwa ya nadharia ya msawazo wa ujumla.<ref> Blaug, Marko (2007). "Social Sciences De: Economics," ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' v. 27, s. 345.</ref> Mikusanyiko kama hiyo ni pamoja na mapato na mazao ya kitaifa, kiwango cha ukosefu wa ajira, na mfumuko wa bei na mikusanyiko midogo kama jumla ya matumizi na matumizi ya uwekezaji na vipengele vyake. Somo hili hutafiti pia athari za sera ya hazina na sera ya kifedha. Tangu angalau miaka ya 1960, uchumi wa kiwango cha juu umekuwa na ujumuishaji zaidi na hivyo kuwa na sekta za aina ya uchumi wa kiwango cha chini, ikiwemo uwiano wa akili wa washikadau, utumiaji wa ufanisi wa habari ya soko, na ushindani usio kamilifu.<ref> [[Ng, Yew-Kwang]] (1992). "Biashara kujiamini na Kuzuia Unyogovu: A Mesoeconomic Perspective," ''American Economic Review'' 82 (2), uk. 365-371. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282%28199205%2982%3A2%3C365%3ABCADPA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage ]</ref> Jambo hili huzungumzia wasiwasi wa muda mrefu juu ya ukosefu wa uthabiti katika maendeleo ya mada hiyo hiyo.<ref> Howitt, Peter M. (1987). "Uchumi: Uhusiano na Microeconomics". {{cite book | title=[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]], pp. 273–76| publisher=Macmillan and Stockton| location=London and New York| isbn=0-333-37235-2 | author=edited by John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, Peter Newman. | year=1987}}</ref> Uchambuzi wa uchumi wa kiwango cha juu huzingatia vipengele vinavyoathiri kiwango cha muda mrefu na ukuaji wa mapato ya kitaifa. Vipengele kama hivyo ni pamoja na ukusanyaji wa mtaji, mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia na ukuaji idadi ya wafanyakazi.<ref> Blaug, Marko (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics," uchumi, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' v. 27, s. 349.</ref><ref> Blanchard, Olivier Jean (1987). "Neoclassical sammanfattande", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 3, uk. 634-36.</ref> ===Ukuaji=== [[File:Gdp real growth rate 2007 CIA Factbook.PNG|thumb|300px|World map showing GDP real growth rates for 2008|alt = A dunia ramani na nchi mwekundu katika vivuli tofauti ya machungwa]] ''Uchumi wa ukuaji '' hutafiti vipengele vinavyoeleza ukuaji wa kiuchumi – ongezeko la pembejeo kwa kila mkazo wa nchi katika muda mrefu. Vipengele hivyo hivyo hutumika kueleza tofauti katika ''kiwango'' cha mapato kwa mtu ''baina ya'' nchi, hasa kwa nini baadhi ya nchi hukua kwa kasi kuliko zingine, na ikiwa nchi hukutana katika viwango sawa vya ukuaji. Vipengele vilivyochunguzwa zaidi ni pamoja na viwango cha uwekezaji, ukuaji wa idadi ya watu, na mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia. Vipengele hivi huwakilishwa katika namna ya nadharia au ujarabati (kama ilivyo katika miundo ya urasimimpya na ukuaji wa kindani) na katika ukuaji wa uhasibu.<ref>Samuelson, Paulo A., na William D. Nordhaus (2004). [[Uchumi,|''Uchumi,'']] ch. 27, "The Mchakato wa ukuaji wa kiuchumi" McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-287205-5.</ref><ref> [[Uzawa, H.]] (1987). "Models wa Kukuza Uchumi", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 3, uk. 483-89.</ref> ===Mzunguko wa Biashara=== Uchumi wa unyogofu ndio ulikuwa kichocheo cha ubuni wa “uchumi wa kiwango cha juu” kama kitengo tofauti cha somo la uchumi. Wakati wa Unyogofu Mkuu wa miaka ya 1930, John Maynard Keynes aliandika kitabu kiitwacho ''[[The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money]]'' ambacho kiliorodhesha nadharia muhumu za uchumi wa Keneshia. Keynes alishikilia kuwa mahitaji ya jumla kwa bidhaa yanaweza kutotosha katika nyakati za kurudi nyuma katika ukuaji wa kiuchumi, huku matokeo yake yakiwa ni ukosefu wa ajira wa kiwango cha juu sana na ukosefu wa mapato yaliyokisiwa. Kwa hiyo alitetea kuwekwa kwa sera tendaji na sekta ya umma, kukiwemo kuwekwa kwa sera ya hazina na benki kuu na kuwekwa kwa sera ya kifedha na serikali ili kuimarisha mapato katika muda wa mzunguko wa biashara.<ref>{{cite book | last = Sullivan | first = arthur | authorlink = Arthur O' Sullivan | coauthors = Steven M. Sheffrin | title = Economics: Principles in action | publisher = Prentice Hall | date = 2003 | location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 | pages = 396 | url = https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061 | doi = | id = | isbn = 0-13-063085-3 | access-date = 2021-02-24 | archive-date = 2016-12-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220014709/https://www.savvas.com/index.cfm?locator=PSZu4y&PMDbSiteId=2781&PMDbSolutionId=6724&PMDbSubSolutionId=&PMDbCategoryId=815&PMDbSubCategoryId=24843&PMDbSubjectAreaId=&PMDbProgramId=23061 | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Kwa hivyo, hitimisho muhimu la uchumi wa Keneshia ni kuwa, katika hali fulani, hakuna ustadi wa moja kwa moja unaosogeza mapato na ajira kuelekea viwango vya uwepo wa ajira kwa wafanyakazi wote. [[Muundo wa John Hicks wa IS/LM umekuwa ndiyo tafsiri yenye ushawishi mkuu zaidi wa Nadharia ya Kiujumla.|Muundo wa John Hicks wa IS/LM umekuwa ndiyo tafsiri yenye ushawishi mkuu zaidi wa ''Nadharia ya Kiujumla.'' ]] Jinsi miaka imeendelea kupita, ndivyo kueleweka kwa mzunguko wa biashara kumegawika katika matawi mbalimbali ya mawazo, yanayohusika na au kutofautiana na Ukeneshia. [[]]Muhtasari wa urasimimpya huashiria mapatano ya uchumi wa Keneshia na ule wa urasimimpya, huku ukisema kuwa Ukeneshia unafaa katika muda mfupi, huku uchumi ukifuata nadharia ya urasimimpya katika muda mrefu. Mfumo wa Mpya wa urasimi hukosoa maoni ya Keneshia juu ya mzunguko wa kibiashara. Unahitimisha kuwa dhana ya Friedman ya mapato ya kudumu juu ya matumizi, “mageuzi ya matarajio yaendayo na mawazo"<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100705024756/http://www.economics.harvard.edu/files/faculty/40_Macroeconomist_as_Scientist.pdf The Statesman na Macroeconomist kama Mhandisi,] Gregory Mankiw, Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, Mei 2006</ref> yaliyoongozwa na Robert Lucas, na nadharia ya mzunguko halisi wa biashara. Kwa kinyume, mfumo Mpya wa Keneshia hushikilia matarajio ya kimawazo, ingawa hushikilia aina mbalimbali za kuanguka kwa masoko. Ukeneshia Mpya hasa hushikilia kuwa bei na marupurupu “havibadiliki”, kumaanisha kuwa havibadiliki moja kwa moja kulingana na hali ya kiuchumi. Kwa hivyo, urasimi mpya hushikilia kuwa bei na marupurupu hufikia ajira kwa kila mtu moja kwa moja, huku Wakeneshia wapya huona ajira kwa watu wote ikifikiwa tu baada ya muda mrefu, na hivyo kuhitaji sera za serikali na benki kuu kwa sababu “muda mrefu” haupo mbali sana. ===Mfumuko wa bei na sera ya kifedha=== [[File:BMC 06.jpg|thumb|right|A 640 BCE one-third stater electrum coin from Lydia, shown larger. One of the first standardized coins.|alt = mbele na nyuma ya sarafu. A kiumbe's kichwa ni juu ya mbele.]] [[Pesa]] ni ''njia ya malipo ya mwisho '' ya bidhaa katika mingi ya mifumo ya bei na kitengo cha akaunti ambacho hutumika kwa kawaida kwa kuweka bei. Hujumuisha sarafu ambazo zinashukiliwa na umma usio benki na amana ambazo zinaweza kulipwa na pesa. Mfumo huu umeelezwa kuwa mkataba wa kijamii, kama lugha, inayofaa mmoja kwa sababu inawafaa wengine. Kama chombo cha ubadilishanaji, pesa huwezesha biashara. Kazi yake ya kiuchumi inaweza kutofautishwa na ubadilishanaji wa bidhaa (ubadilishanaji ambao hauhusishi pesa). Huku kukiwa na aina tofauti tofauti za bidhaa zilizozalishwa na wazalishaji maalum, ubadilishanaji wa bidhaa unaweza kuhitaji bahati mara dufu ambayo ni ngumu kupata kulingana na vitu vya kubadilisha, kwa mfano tufaha na kitabu. Pesa inaweza kupunguza gharama ya ubadilishanaji kwa sababu ya kukubalika kwake kwa urahisi. Hivyo, huwa ni nafuu zaidi kwa muuzaji kukubali pesa katika ubadilishanaji, kuliko mazao ambayo mnunuzi huzalisha.<ref> [[Tobin, James]] (1992). "Pesa" (Money kama Social Institution na Utawala wa Umma), ''The New Palgrave Dictionary wa Fedha na Money,'' v. 2, uk. 770-71.</ref> Katika kiwango cha uchumi, nadharia na ushahidi vinalingana sawa sawa na uhusiano wa manufaa unaotoka kwa jumla ya usambazaji wa pesa kelekea kwa bei ya siku hiyo na jumla ya mapato na kiwango cha bei ya kawaida. Kwa sababu hii, usimamizi wa usambazaji wa pesa ni kipengele muhimu cha sera ya kifedha.<ref> [[Milton Friedman]] (1987). "Quantity Nadharia ya Fedha", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 4, uk. 15-19.</ref><ref> Samuelson, Paulo A., na William D. Nordhaus (2004). ''Uchumi,'' ch. 2, "Money: The Lubroicant ya Exchange" sehemu, ch. 33, TIN. 33-3.</ref> ===Sera ya hazina na uratibishaji=== Uhasibu wa kitaifa ni mbinu ya kujumlisha mkusanyiko wa shughuli za kibiashara katika taifa. Akaunti za taifa ni mifumo ya uhasibu ya ncha mbili za kuweka hesabu ambayo hutoa hatua za kiundani zilizo na maelezo bayana kama hayo. Akaunti hizi ni pamoja na akaunti za kitaifa za mapato na bidhaa (NIPA), ambazo hutoa makadirio ya thamani ya pesa ya mazao na mapato kwa mwaka au robo. NIPA huruhusu kufuatilia kwa utendakazi wa uchumi na vipengele vyake kupitia kwa mizunguko ya kibiashara au katika vipindi virefu zaidi. Takwimu za bei zinaweza kuruhusu kutofautisha kwa bei ya siku kutoka kwa bei halisi, yaani, kurekebisha jumla ya pesa kwa mabadiliko ya bei kupitia vipindi vya nyakati.<ref> Usher, D. (1987), "Real Mapato", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 4, uk 104.</ref><ref> [[Sen, Amartya]] (1979), "The Ustawi Msingi wa Real Mapato Linganisho: A Survey," ''Journal of Economic Fasihi,'' 17 (1), p [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-0515%28197903%2917%3A1%3C1%3ATWBORI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-6&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage s. 1-45.]</ref> Akaunti za kitaifa hujumuisha pia kipimo cha mitaji ya hisa, utajiri wa taifa, na mtiririko wa mtaji wa kimataifa.<ref name="Ruggles"> Ruggles, Nancy D. (1987), "Social Accounting". {{cite book | title=[[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] | pages=v. 3, 377| publisher=Macmillan and Stockton| location=London and New York| isbn=0-333-37235-2 | author=edited by John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, Peter Newman. | year=1987}}</ref> ==Uchumi wa kimataifa== Biashara ya kimataifa hutafiti vigezo vya mtiririko wa bidhaa-na-huduma kupitia mipaka ya kimataifa. Hushughulika pia ukubwa na usambazaji wa faida kutoka kwa biashara. Utendakazi wa sera hujumuisha kukisiwa kwa kubadilika kwa viwango vya ushuru na sehemu ya haki ya kibiashara. Fedha ya kimataifa ni kitengo cha uchumi wa kiwango cha juu kinachodadisi mtiririko wa mtaji kupitia mipaka ya kimataifa, na athari za mabadiliko katika viwango vya ubadilishaji. Kuongezeka biashara ya bidhaa, huduma na mtaji baina ya nchi ni athari kuu ya utandawazi wa leo.<ref> Anderson, James E. (2008). "Nadharia ya Biashara ya Kimataifa", [[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.|''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.'' ]]''[http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_I000263&q=international%20economics&topicid=&result_number=14 Abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_I000263&q=international%20economics&topicid=&result_number=14 |date=20130528152658 }}''</ref><ref>Venables, A. (2001), "International Trade: Economic Integration," [[International Encyclopedia wa Social Sciences & Behavioral,|International Encyclopedia wa Social Sciences & ''Behavioral,'' ]] ''uk. 7843-7848.'' ''[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-1KT&_rdoc=11&_hierId=151000136&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000131,151000136&_fmt=high&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=14&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=47bbf40341b26c67ef404dffbbba46a8. Abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7MRM-4MT09VJ-1KT&_rdoc=11&_hierId=151000136&_refWorkId=21&_explode=151000131,151000136&_fmt=high&_orig=na&_docanchor=&_idxType=SC&view=c&_ct=14&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=47bbf40341b26c67ef404dffbbba46a8. |date=20080926171815 }}''</ref><ref> Obstfeld, Maurice (2008). "Kimataifa ya Fedha", The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd ''Edition.'' ''[http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_I000169&q=international%20finance&topicid=&result_number=1 Abstract.]'' </ref> [[File:GDP PPP Per Capita IMF 2008.png|thumb|300px|World map showing GDP (PPP) per capita.|alt = A dunia ramani na nchi mbalimbali colored colors.]] Kitengo tofauti cha ''[[uchumi wa ustawi]]'' huchunguza vipengele vya uchumi vilivyo katika mchakato wa ustawi katika nchi zilizo na mapato ya chini huku kikizingatia kwa ubadilishaji wa mifumo, ufukara, na ukuaji wa uchumi. Mielekeo katika uchumi wa ustawi mara nyingi hujumuisha vipengele vya kijamii na vya kisiasa.<ref> Kengele, Clive (1987). "Maendeleo ya Uchumi", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] V. 1, uk. 818-26.</ref><ref> Blaug, Marko (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics," Kukuza Uchumi na maendeleo, ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' v. 27, s. 351. Chicago.</ref> Mifumo ya kiuchumi ni tawi la uchumi linalotafiti mbinu na taasisi ambazo jamii hutumia kubaini umiliki, usimamizi, na ugavi wa rasilimali za kiuchumi. ''Mfumo'' wa ''kiuchumi'' wa jamii ni kitengo cha utafiti. Katika mifumo ya kisasa katika nchi tofauti za upindi wa uratibishaji ni mifumo ya kisoshialisti na kikapitalisti, ambako wingi wa uzalishaji hutokea katika mashirika yanayosimamiwa na serikali na yale ya kibinafsi mtawalia. Baina ya makundi haya mawili kunao chumi zilizochanganyika. Jambo linalotokea katika makundi haya yote ni mwingiliano vishawishi vya kiuchumi na kisiasa, ambavyo huelezwa kwa upana kuwa uchumi wa kisiasa. ''[[Mifumo linganifu ya kiuchumi]]'' hutafiti utendakazi na tabia ya chumi au mifumo tofauti.<ref> [[Heilbroner, Robert Yale]] na Peter J. Boettke (2007). "Uchumi Systems", ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' aya ya 17, uk. 908-15.</ref><ref> NA (2007). "mfumo wa kiuchumi," ''Encyclopaedia Britannica online'' kortfattad Encyclopedia [http://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9363397 entry.]</ref> ==Uchumi katika utekelezi== Uchumi wa sasa uliotanda, kama kitengo rasmi cha mifano cha hisabati, unaweza pia kuitwa uchumi wa kihisabati.<ref name="Colander2007"></ref> Uchumi huu hutegemea vifaa vya masomo ya kihisabati ya calculus, linear algebra, takwimu, nadharia ya bahati, na sayansi ya kompyuta.<ref> [[Debreu, Gerard]] (1987). "Mathematical Economics", ''The [[New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]]'' v. 3, uk. 401-03.</ref> Wanauchumi wa kitaalamu hutarajiwa kujua vifaa hivi, ingawa wanauchumi wote huwa na utaalamu, na baadhi yao huwa wataalamu wa uchumikihisabati na mbinu za kihisabati huku wengine wakiwa wataalamu katika vitengo vingine ambavyo havina hesabu nyingi. Wanauchumi wa mfumo wa heterodox hutilia hisabati msisitizo mchache, na baadhi ya wanauchumi wa kihistoria, wakiwemo Adam Smith na Joseph Schumpeter, hawajakuwa wanahisabati. Mawazo ya kiuchumi huhusisha ujuzi wa akili kuhusu dhana za kiuchumi, na wanauchumi hujaribu kuchambua hadi pale wanagundua matokeo ambayo hayakutarajiwa. ===Nadharia=== Nadharia ya uchumi iliyotanda hutegemea mifumo ya kiuchumi ya kihisabati ambayo haitegemei uzoevu, ambayo hutumia dhana kadha wa kadha. Nadharia huendelea mbele na wazo la ''[[vipengele vingine vikibaki vilivyo]],'' ambalo humaanisha kumudu vipengele vingine jinsi vilivyo ila kile kimoja kinachozingatiwa. Katika kubuni nadharia, lengo ni kupata zile ambazo kwa uchache ni rahisi kwa matakwa ya habari, sahihi zaidi katika utabiri wake, na za faida kubwa katika uzalishaji wa utafiti zaidi kuliko nadharia zilizokuwepo awali.<ref> [[Milton Friedman]] (1953). [["The Methodolojia wa Positive Uchumi,"]] ''Insha katika Positive Economics,'' University of Chicago Press, uk 10.</ref> Katika uchumi wa kiwango cha chini, dhana kuu ni pamoja na ugavi na mahitaji, upembezoni, nadharia ya chaguo la kutokana na mawazo, gharama ya fursa, vikwazo vya kibajeti, utumiaji na nadharia ya kampuni.<ref> Boland, Lawrence A. (1987). "Methodolojia", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 3, uk. 455-58.</ref><ref name="Dissension"> {{cite journal | author=Frey, Bruno S., Werner W. Pommerehne, Friedrich Schneider, and Guy Gilbert. | title=Consensus and Dissension Among Economists: An Empirical Inquiry| journal=American Economic Review| year=1984| volume=74| issue=5|pages= p[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002–8282%28198412%2974%3A5%3C986%3ACADAEA%3E2.0.CO%3B2–E&size=LARGE p. 986–994] }} Accessed on 2007/03/17.</ref> [[Mifumo ya mapema ya uchumi wa kiwango cha juu ilizinhatia kubuni uhusiano baina ya vipengele jumuishi, lakini kwa vile uhusiano ulionekana kubadilika katika wakati wanauchumi walishurutishwa kutumia wakfu za kiwango cha chini kama msingi wa mifumo yao.]] Dhana za uchumi wa kiwango cha chini ambazo zimekwishatajwa huwa na nafasi muhimu katika mifumo ya uchumi wa kiwango cha juu – kwa mfano, katika nadharia ya kifedha, nadharia ya viwango ya pesa hutabiri kuwa kuongezeka katika usambazaji wa pesa huongeza mfumuko wa bei, na mfumuko wa bei hufikiriwa kushawishika na matarajio ya kifikira. Katika uchumi wa ustawi, ukuaji wa polepole katika mataifa yanayostawi unetabiriwa mara nyingine kwa sababu ya kupungua kwa mapato ya pembezoni kutoka kwa uwekezaji na mtaji, na hali hii imeonekana katika mataifa manne ya Kiasia yajulikanayo kama Four Asian Tigers. Mara nyingine dhana ya kiuchumi huwa tu ni ya ''[[kueleza jinsi ya kitu]]'' na wala si ya ''kihisabati.'' <ref> Quirk, James (1987). "Kvalitativa Economics", ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 4, uk. 1-3.</ref> Maonyesho ya kubainisha fikira za kiuchumi mara nyingi hutumia michoro ya pande mbili ili kuonyesha husiano za kinadharia. Katika kiwango cha juu cha ujumuishaji, maandishi ya Paul Samuelson ''[[Foundations of Economic Analysis]]'' (1947) yalitumia mbinu za kihisabati kueleza nadharia, hasa jinsi ya kuweka kwa kiwango cha juu zaidi uhusiano wa kitabia wa vipengele tekelezi ili kufikia msawazo. Kitabu hicho kilizingatia kuchunguza kundi la taarifa lijulikanalo kama ''semi za kinadharia zenye maana katika utekelezi'' katika uchumi, ambazo ni semi za kinadharia ambazo zinaweza kupingwa na takwimu za ujarabati.<ref name="Foundations">{{cite book | title=[[Foundations of Economic Analysis]], Enlarged Edition| last=Samuelson| first=Paul A.| authorlink=Paul Samuelson| date=1947, 1983| pages=[https://archive.org/details/foundationsofeco0000samu/page/4 4]| publisher=Harvard University Press| location=Boston| isbn=978–0674313019}}</ref> ===Utafiti wa ujarabati=== Nadharia za kiuchumi mara nyingi huchunguzwa kijarabati, sanasana kwa kutumia uchumukihisabati kutumia takwimu za kiuchumi.<ref> Hashem, M. Pesaren (1987). "Econometrics," [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 2, uk 8.</ref> Majaribio ya kuthibitiwa yanayopatikana sanasana katika sayansi za kiasili ni magumu na hayapatikana sana katika somo la kiuchumi<ref>sannolikheten, econometrics na ukweli: kwa njia ya econometrics By Hugo A. Keuzenkamp Published by Cambridge University Press, 2000 ISBN 0521553598, 9780521553599 Kurasa 312, ukurasa wa 13: "... katika uchumi, ni nadra kudhibitiwa majaribio na majaribio kudhibitiwa reproducible hata hivyo zaidi ..."</ref>,na badala yake takwimu za upana hutafitiwa kwa kufanyiwa uchunguzi; aina hii ya uchunguzi huonekana na wengi kuwa rahisi kuliko ile ya majaribio ya kuthibitiwa, na mahitimisho huwa kwa kawaida yasiyo na uhakika kamili. Idadi ya sheria zilizovumbuliwa na somo la kiuchumi ni ya chini ikilinganishwa na ile ya sayansi asilia.{{citation needed|date=Juni 2009}} Mbinu za kutumia takwimu kama vile uchambuzi wa kurudi nyuma ni za kawaida. Watekelezaji hutumia mbinu kama hizo kukisia ukubwa, umuhimu wa kiuchumi, na umuhimu wa takwimu (“nguvu za ishara”) za mahusiano yaliyokisiwa na kuratibisha kelele kutoka kwa vipengele vingine. Kwa njia hiyo, dhana inaweza kukubaliwa, ingawa kwa jinsi ya makisio na wala si uhakika. Kukubalika hutegemea dhana zinazoweza kuwekewa uongo ambazo zilimudu majaribio. Utumiaji wa mbinu zinazokubalika kwa kawaida hauna haja ya kutoa hitimisho la mwisho. Au hata makubaliano juu ya swala fulani, ikiwa lilikuwa na majaribio tofauti, takwimu tofauti, na imani za awali. Ukosoaji unaolenga viwango vya kitaalamu na ukosefu wa kufanana katika matokeo huwa ni masharti zaidi dhidi ya uonevu, upotovu, na ujumuisha wa kiwango cha juu mno,<ref name="Dissension"></ref><ref> Blaug, Marko (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics" (Utaratibu wa inference na kupima nadharia), ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' v. 27, s. 347.</ref> ingawa wingi wa utafiti wa kiuchumi umekosolewa kwa ukosefu wa kufanana katika matokeo, na nakala za kifahari zimekosolewa kwa kutowezesha urudiaji wa matokeo yaliyofanana kwa kutoa nambari za kificho na takwimu.<ref name="McCullough2007">{{cite journal | author = McCullough, B.D. | year = 2007 | title = Got Replicability | journal = The Journal of Money, Banking and Credit Archive. Econ Journal Watch | volume = 4 | issue = 3 | pages = 326–337 | url = http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/McCulloughAbstractSeptember2007.pdf | accessdate = 2008-06-07 | format = PDF | archive-date = 2008-06-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625054132/http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/McCulloughAbstractSeptember2007.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Kama ilivyo katika nadharia, matumizi ya takwimu za majaribio huwa yamefunguka yenyewe kwa uchambuzi wa kukosolewa,<ref> Kennedy, Peter (2003). ''A Guide to Econometrics,'' 5th ed., "Amri Kumi 21.2 ya Applied Econometrics," uk. 390-96 [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=B8I5SP69e4kC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&ots=w8xiZdkYWb&sig=_YKfXmJbK4-F3H4zsMl8N-U5BGo#PRA1-PA390,M1 (Sammandrag).]</ref><ref> McCloskey, Deirdre N. na Stephen T. Ziliak (1996). "The Standard Error ya Regressions," ''Journal of Economic Fasihi,'' 34 (1), uk. [http://www.deirdremccloskey.com/docs/pdf/Article_189.pdf 97-114.] </ref><ref>Hoover, Kevin D., na Marko V. Siegler (2008). "Sauti na hasira na McCloskey Testing Maana katika Uchumi," ''Journal of Economic Methodolojia,'' 15 (1), uk. 1-37 [https://web.archive.org/web/20080527204129/http://129.3.20.41/econ-wp/em/papers/0511/0511018.pdf (2005 prepubication Programme).] Reply ya McCloskey na Ziliak na rejoinder, uk. 39-68.</ref> ingawa ufafanuzi muhimu wa nakala juu ya uchumi katika jedwali za kifahari kama vile ''[[American Economic Review]]'' umepungua kwa kiwango kikubwa katika miaka 40 iliyopita.<ref name="Coelho2005">{{cite journal | author = Coelho, P.R.P. | coauthors = De Worken-eley Iii, F.; McClure, J.E. | year = 2005 | title = Decline in Critical Commentary, 1963–2004 | journal = Econ Journal Watch | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 355–361 | url = http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/CoelhoetalAbstractAugust2005.pdf | accessdate = 2008-06-10 | format = PDF | archive-date = 2008-06-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625054129/http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/CoelhoetalAbstractAugust2005.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> .[116] Jambo hili limehusishwa na motisha ya majedwali ya kutaka kuongeza nukuu ili kuorodheshwa katika nafasi nzuri kwenye Fahirisi ya Nukuu za Sayansi ya Kijamii - Social Science Citation Index (SSCI).<ref name="Whaples2006">{{cite journal | author = Whaples, R. | year = 2006 | title = The Costs of Critical Commentary in Economics Journals | journal = Econ Journal Watch | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 275–282 | url = http://ideas.repec.org/a/ejw/volone/2006275-282.html | accessdate = 2008-06-10 | archive-date = 2008-01-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080129025046/http://ideas.repec.org/a/ejw/volone/2006275-282.html | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Katika uchumi tekelezi, mifumo ya pembejeo na mapato itumiayo mbinu za utaratibishaji wa kunyooka (linear programming) ni ya kawaida mno. Viwango vikubwa vya takwimu hupitishwa katika mipangilio ya kompyuta ili kuchambua matokeo ya sera fulani; IMPLAN ni mfano mmoja maarufu. Uchumi wa majaribio umeimarisha utumiaji wa majaribio ya kuthibitiwa ya kisayansi. Hali hii imepunguza tofauti ya kutoka jadi baina ya uchumi na sayansi asili wa kukubalia majaribio ya vipengele vilivyofikiriwa hapo awali kuwa dhana.<ref> [Bastable, CF] (1925). "Experimental Utaratibu katika Uchumi," ''Palgrave's Dictionary of Economics,'' reprinted katika ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics'' (1987, v. 2, p. 241.</ref><ref> [[Smith, Vernon L.]] (1987), "Experimental Utaratibu katika Economics", ii. ''Palgrave Mpya: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 2, uk. 241-42.</ref> Katika visa kadhaa majaribio haya yamegundua kuwa dhana huwa si sahihi hasa; kwa mfano mchezo wa hatima ulionyesha kuwa watu hukataa matoleo ambayo hayatoshani. Katika uchumi wa kitabia, wanasaikolojia Daniel Kahneman na Amos Tversky wameshinda Matuzo ya Nobel ya kiuchumi kwa kazi ya uvumbuzi wa kijarabati wa uonevu wa kimawazo na jibu lililo karibu zaidi na jibu halisi (heuristics). Majaribio ya ujarabati yanayofanana na hayo hufanywa katika somo la uchumi wa kiubongo (neuroeconomics). Mfano mwingine ni wazo la chaguzi za kibinafsi dhidi ya mfumo ambao huchunguza chaguzi binafsi, za kutaka ustawi wa wengine na za ushirikiano.<ref>Fehr, Ernst, na Urs Fischbacher (2003). "Asili ya Binadamu Altruism," ''Nature'' 425, 23 Oktoba, [http://www.kabbalah.info/forums/arosa/engmaterials/Altruism/Ernst_Fehr___Urs_Fischbacher__The_Nature_of_Human_Altruism.pdf uk. 785-791.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.kabbalah.info/forums/arosa/engmaterials/Altruism/Ernst_Fehr___Urs_Fischbacher__The_Nature_of_Human_Altruism.pdf |date=20130828121217 }}</ref><ref>Sigmund, Karl, Ernst Fehr, na Martin A. Nowak (2002), "The Economics ya Fair Play," ''kisayansi Marekani,'' 286 (1) Januari, [http://www.scribd.com/word/full/2188440?access_key=key-2ejknqyx744p0e6mcc21 uk. 82-87.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scribd.com/word/full/2188440?access_key=key-2ejknqyx744p0e6mcc21 |date=20120521062428 }}</ref> Ustadi huu umesababisha wengine kusema kuwa uchumi ni “sayansi halisi.".<ref name="Imperialism">{{cite journal| author=Lazear, Edward P.| title=Economic Imperialism| journal=American Economic Review| year=2000| volume=115| issue=1|pages= p[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033–5533%28200002%29115%3A1%3C99%3AEI%3E2.0.CO%3B2–W&size=LARGE&origin=JSTOR-enlargePage p. 99–994]| unused_data=Quarterly Journal of Economics }}</ref> ===Nadharia ya bahati=== Nadharia ya bahati ni tawi la hisabati tekelezi ambalo hutafiti mwingiliano wa mbinu baina ya vipengele tekelezi. Katika mbinu za bahati, vipengele tekelezi huchagua mbinu ambazo zitaongeza mapato yao, ukilinganisha na mbini ambazo vipengele vingine huchagua. Nadhari hii hutoa mfumo rasmi wa mwelekeo kwa hali za kijamii ambapo wafanya maamuzi huingiliana na watendaji wengine. Nadharia ya bahati hujumuishwa mielekeo ya kuongeza yaliyobuniwa ili kutafiti soko kama vile mfumo wa ugavi na mahitaji. Somo hili lilitokana na kitabu cha urasimi cha 1944 kiitwacho ''[[Theory of Games and Economic Behavior]]'' kilichoandikwa na John von Neumann na Oskar Morgenstern. Somo hili limepata utekelezi wa kiwango kikubwa kiasi katika sehemu nyingi nje ya uchumi vile inavyofikiriwa, ambayo ni pamoja na ubuni wa ustadi wa kinyuklia, maadili, sayanzi ya kisiasa na nadharia ya mageuzi.<ref> [[Aumann, RJ]] (1987). "Game Theory", [[The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics]] v. 2, uk. 460-82.</ref> ===Taaluma=== Kufanywa taaluma kwa uchumi, jinsi inavyoonekana katika ongezeko la masomo ya daraja ya pili ya vyuo vikuu katika somo hilo, kumeelezwa kuwa “badiliko kuu katika somo la uchumi tangu miaka ya 1900".<ref> [[O. Ashenfelter]] (2001), "Uchumi: Overview," The Profession wa Uchumi, ''[[International Encyclopedia wa Social Sciences & Behavioral]],'' v. 6, uk 4159.</ref> Idadi kubwa ya vyuo vikuu vya kutajika na taasisi nyingi huwa na somo kuu, kitivo, au idara kuu ambapo shahada za kielimu hutolewa katika somo hili, iwe ni kwa masomo ya sanaa huria, biashara, au kwa masomo ya taaluma. Tuzo la Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (kwa usemi, Tuzo la Nobel katika Uchumi) ni tuzo ambalo hutolewa kwa mwanauchumi kila mwaka kwa mchango mkuu wa kimawazo katika somo hili. Katika sekta ya kibinafsi, wanauchumi wataalamu huajiriwa kama washauri na katika sekta, inayojumuisha uhifadhi katika benki na maswala ya kifedha. Wanauchumi pia hufanya kazi katika idara na mashirika ya serikali, kama vile Hazina ya kitaifa, Benki Kuu au Afisi ya Takwimu. ==Somo la uchumi na masomo mengine== Uchumi ni mojawapo ya sayansi za kijamii baina ya zingine kadhaa na huwa na matawi yanayopakana na masomo mengine, yakiwemo jiografia ya kiuchumi, historia ya kiuchumi, uchaguzi wa umma, uchumi na nisharti, uchumi wa utamaduni, na uchumi wa taasisi. Sheria na uchumi au utafiti wa kiuchumi wa sheria, ni mwelekeo wa nadharia ya kisheria ambao hutumia mbinu za kiuchumia katika sheria. Somo hili hujumuisha utumizi wa dhana za kiuchumi ili kueleza athari za kanuni za kisheria, kubainisha ni kanuni zipi za kisheria zilizo na ufanisi wa kiuchumi, na kutabiri ni kanuni za kisheria zinazweza kuwa.<ref> [[Friedman, Daudi]] (1987). "Sheria na Uchumi," ''The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics,'' v. 3, uk 144.</ref><ref>[[Posner, Richard A.]] (1972). ''Kiuchumi Uchambuzi wa sheria.'' Aspen, 7 ed., 2007) ISBN 978-0-735-56354-4.</ref> Makala ya mafundisho yaliyoandikwa na Ronald Coase na kuchapishwa mnamo 1961 yalipendekeza kuwa sheria za umiliki wa mali zilizodhihirishwa vyema hushinda matatizo yanayotokana na vipengele vua nje.<ref> [[Coase, Ronald]], "The Problem of Social Cost", ''[[The Journal wa Sheria na Uchumi]]'' Vol.3, No.1 (1960). Suala hili kwa kweli mara iliyochapishwa mwaka 1961.</ref> Uchumi wa kiasiasa ni utafiti unaojumuisha masomo mengi kwa kuchanganya uchumi, sheria, na sayansi ya kisiasa ili kueleza jinsi taasisi za kisiasa, mazingira ya kisiasa, ma mfumo wa kiuchumi (ukapitalisti, usoshialisti, mchanganyiko) hushawishiana. Unatafiti maswali kama vile jinsi makundi yanayotawala shughuli za soko, tabia ya kutafuta manufaa ya kibinafsi kwa madhara ya wengine, na vipengele vya nje vinafaa kuathiri sera ya serikali.<ref> Groenwegen (1987, p.906)</ref><ref> Anne O. Krueger, "The Political Economy ya Kodi-Kutafuta Society," ''American Economic Review,'' 64 (3), Juni 1974, pp.291-303</ref> [[Wanahistoria wametumia uchumi wa kisiasa kutafiti njia za wakati uliopita ambazo watu na makundi yaliyo na maslahi yanayofanana ya kiuchumi wametumia siasa ili kuleta mabadiliko ambayo yanafaidi maslahi yao.|Wanahistoria wametumia ''uchumi wa kisiasa '' kutafiti njia za wakati uliopita ambazo watu na makundi yaliyo na maslahi yanayofanana ya kiuchumi wametumia siasa ili kuleta mabadiliko ambayo yanafaidi maslahi yao.<ref> McCoy, Drew R. "Jamhuri ya ndoto: Siasa Ecocomy katika Jeffersonian Amerika ", Chapel Hill, Chuo Kikuu cha North Carolina, 1980.</ref>]][[Somo la Uchumi#cite note-76|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[76]</span>]] [[Uchumi wa nishati ni sehemu pana ya somo la kisayansi inayojumuisha mada zinazohusiana na ugavi wa nishati na mahitaji ya nishati.]] [[]]Georgescu-Roegen alianzisha upya dhana ya entropy aliyoihusisha na uchumi na nishati kutoka kwa somo la ubadilishaji wa nishati la thermodynamics, huku akiitofautisha na kile alichoona kuwa msingi wa kiufundi wa uchumi wa urasimimpya unaotokana na fizkia ya Newton. Kazi yake ilichangia kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa somo la uchumi wa kubadilisha nishati kuwa kazi na joto na kwa uchumi wa kiikolojia. Vilevile alifanya kazi ya kimsingi ambayo iliendelea na kuwa uchumi wa mageuzi.<ref> Cleveland, C. na Ruta, M. 1997. Wakati, ambapo, na kwa kiasi gani kufanya mipaka biophysical inverka mchakato wa kiuchumi? Utafiti wa Georgescu-Roegen's mchango kiikolojia uchumi. ''Ecological Economics'' 22: 203-223.</ref><ref> Daly, H. 1995. On Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen's kuchangia uchumi: An obituary insha. ''Ecological Economics'' 13: 149-54.</ref><ref> MAYUMI, K. 1995. Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (1906-1994): en admirable epistemologist. ''Strukturella Change na Uchumi Dynamics'' 6: 115-120.</ref><ref> MAYUMI, K. na Gowdy, JM (eds.) 1999. ''Bioeconomics na Sustainability: Essays katika Heshima ya Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.'' Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.</ref><ref> MAYUMI, K. 2001. ''Chanzo cha Ecological Economics: The Bioeconomics ya Georgescu-Roegen.'' London: Routledge.</ref> ==Ukosoaji wa somo la kiuchumi== "Sayansi duni” ni jina badala lililo la kudharau litumikalo kwa uchumi na lililobuniwa na mwanahistoria wa enzi ya Victoria Thomas Carlyle katika karne ya 19. Mara nyingi, husemekana kuwa Carlyle aliupatia uchumi jina la utani la “sayansi duni” kama jibu kwa maandishi karne ya 18 ya Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, ambaye alitabiri kwa hofu kuwa njaa ingetokea, vile matarajio ya ukuaji wa idadi ya watu yangezidi ongezeko la usambazaji wa chakula. Mafundisho ya Malthus hatimaye yalijulikana chini ya mwavuli wa maneno “Dhana Duni ya Malthus". Utabiri wake ulisitishwa na uboreshaji mkubwa ambao haukuwa umetarajiwa katika ufanisi wa uzalishaji wa vyakula katika karne ya 20; ilhali mwisho wa hatari ambao aliutabiri unabaki kuwa uwezekano ambao haukubaliki na wengine, ikiwa uzuli wa binadamu utashindwa kumudu ongezeko la idadi ya watu.<ref> {{cite book |last= Malthus |first= Thomas Robert |editor= |others= |title= An Essay on the Principle of Population, As It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers |url= http://www.econlib.org/library/Malthus/malPop.html |accessdate= 2008-06-28 |edition= 1st |year= 1798 |publisher= J Johnson |location= London |chapter= Chapter II }} </ref> Baadhi ya wanauchumi kama vile John Stuart Mill au Leon Walras, wamedumisha fikira kuwa uzalishaji wa mali haufai kuunganishwa na usambazaji wake. Uzalishaji ni kitengo cha “uchumi tekelezi” huku usambazaji ukiwa ni aina ya “uchumi wa kijamii” na sana sana huwa ni swala la mamlaka na siasa.<ref> ''Mwanzo wa Kiuchumi Ideas,'' Guy Routh (1989)</ref> Katika ''The Wealth of Nations,'' [[Adam Smith]] anazungumzia masuala mengi ambayo kwa sasa ni mada ya mjadala na mabishano. Smith alishambuliwa mara kadhaa makundi ya watu waliojihusisha na siasa ambao hujaribu kutukia ushawishi wao kuishurutisha serikali kufanya vile watakavyo. Katika enzi ya Smith, haya yaliitwa makundi ya wafitini, lakini kwa sasa hujulikana sana kama maslahi maalum, jina ambalo linaweza kujumuisha wafanyakazi wa mabenki, mashirika ya makampuni, makundi yanayotawala kwa wazi shughuli za soko, kikundi kimoja kinachotawala shughuli za soko, vyama vya wafanyakazi na makundi mengine.<ref>Se Noam Chomsky ''(Kuelewa Power),'' [http://www.understandingpower.com/Chapter5.htm#f1 ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.understandingpower.com/Chapter5.htm#f1 |date=20081014032025 }} katika Smith's mkazo juu ya vita katika darasa Utajiri wa Mataifa</ref> Uchumi halisi, kama sayansi ya kijamii, huwa huru kutoka kwa vitendo vya kisiasa vya serikali yoyote au mashirika mengine yanayofanya uamuzi, hata hivyo, wabuni wengi wa sera au watu binafsi walio na vyeo vikubwa sana ambavyo vinaweza kuwa na ushawishi katika maisha ya watu wengine wana sifa ya kutumia bila mpangilio wowote dhana nyingi sana za kiuchumi na maneno matupu kama chombo cha kuhalalisha ajenda na mifumo ya maadili, na huwa hawakomeshi usemi wao kwa maswala yanayohusu majukumu waliyo nayo.{{citation needed|date=Julai 2009}} wa karibu wa nadharia na utekelezi wa kiuchumi na siasa <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070611105040/http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/rps/rps2006/rp2006-148.pdf Utafiti Paper No 2006/148 Maadili, Rhetoric na Siasa ya Post-migogoro Ujenzi Jinsi Je Dhana ya Jamii ContractHelp kwetu Kuelewa jinsi ya kufanya kazi ya Amani?][https://web.archive.org/web/20070611105040/http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/rps/rps2006/rp2006-148.pdf Sirkku J. Hellsten, PG.]</ref> [138] ni swala la utata ambalo linaweza kuingilia au kupotosha hata yale malengo ya kiuchumi yasiyo na madai hata kidogo, na huchanganyishwa mara nyingi na ajenda maalum za kijamii na mifumo ya maadili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.stratapub.com/Hahn/preface.htm |title=Kisiasa Mawasiliano: Rhetoric, Serikali, na Wananchi, toleo la pili, Dan F. Hahn |accessdate=2009-12-08 |archive-date=2011-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126163521/http://www.stratapub.com/Hahn/preface.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika ''Steady State Economics'' 1977, [[Herman Daly alisema kuwa kunao maswala ambayo hayawiani kimantiki baina ya msisitizo unaowekwa kwa ongezeko la idadi ya watu na upatikanaji mdogo wa maliasilia.|Herman Daly alisema kuwa kunao maswala ambayo hayawiani kimantiki baina ya msisitizo unaowekwa kwa ongezeko la idadi ya watu na upatikanaji mdogo wa maliasilia.<ref>http://dieoff.org/page88.htm {{Wayback|url=http://dieoff.org/page88.htm |date=20070703030456 }} Steady-State Uchumi, kwa Herman Daly</ref>]][[Somo la Uchumi#cite note-87|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[87]</span>]] Masuala kama uhuru wa benki kuu, sera za benki kuu na ufasaha wa kunena katika usemi wa magavana wa benki kuu au nguzo za sera za uchumi wa kiwango cha juu<ref>Johan Scholvinck, Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Umoja wa Mataifa kwa ajili ya Sera na Maendeleo ya Jamii katika New York, [http://www.icsw.org/publications/sdr/2002-june/un-division.htm Making ya Uchunguzi kwa Ujumuishaji wa Sera ya Kijamii na Uchumi,] {{Wayback|url=http://www.icsw.org/publications/sdr/2002-june/un-division.htm |date=20071118193838 }} The Social Development Review</ref>[[(fedha]] na [[sera ya fedha)]] ya [[Marekani]], ni mwelekeo wa msuguano na kukosolewa. <ref> Bernd Hayo (Georgetown University & [[Chuo Kikuu cha Bonn]]), [http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpma/0103006.html Je Sisi Really Need Benki Kuu ya Uhuru?][http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpma/0103006.html A Critical Re-mtihani,] mawazo katika Idara ya Uchumi, Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi Liberal, Chuo Kikuu cha Connecticut</ref> <ref> Gabriel Mangano (Centre Walras-Pareto, Chuo Kikuu cha Lausanne BFSH 1, 1015 Lausanne, Uswisi, na London School of Economics), Upimaji wa Benki Kuu ya Uhuru: A Tale of Subjectivity na matokeo yake, Oxford Uchumi Papers. 1998; 50: 468-492</ref> <ref> Friedrich Heinemann, [http://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/zewdip/4553.html Je Lipa kwa Watch Central Bankers 'midomo?][http://ideas.repec.org/p/zbw/zewdip/4553.html Det Taarifa Content ya ECB liknande,] mawazo katika Idara ya Uchumi, Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi Liberal, Chuo Kikuu cha Connecticut</ref> <ref> Stephen G. Cecchetti, [http://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/6306.html Benki Kuu Policy Rules: Conceptual Masuala na Vitendo Considerations,] mawazo katika Idara ya Uchumi, Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi Liberal, Chuo Kikuu cha Connecticut</ref> [[Deirdre McCloskey amesema kuwa utafiti mwingi wa kijarabati wa kiuchumi huripotiwa visivyofaa, na ingawa ukosoaju wake umepokelewa vyema, yeye na Stephen Ziliak wamedai kuwa utekelezaji haujaboreshwa.|Deirdre McCloskey amesema kuwa utafiti mwingi wa kijarabati wa kiuchumi huripotiwa visivyofaa, na ingawa ukosoaju wake umepokelewa vyema, yeye na Stephen Ziliak wamedai kuwa utekelezaji haujaboreshwa.<ref name="Ziliak2004">{{cite journal | author = Ziliak, S.T. | coauthors = [[Deirdre McCloskey|McCloskey, D.N.]] | year = 2004 | title = Size Matters: The Standard Error of Regressions in the American Economic Review | journal = Econ Journal Watch | volume = 1 | issue = 2 | pages = 331–358 | url =http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/ZiliakMcCloskeyAugust2004.pdf {{Wayback|url=http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/ZiliakMcCloskeyAugust2004.pdf |date=20080625054144 }} | accessdate = 2008-06-10|format=PDF}}</ref>]][[Somo la Uchumi#cite note-Ziliak2004-93|<span class="mw-reflink-text">[93]</span>]] Madai haya ya nyuma ni ya utata.<ref Name=>{{cite journal | author = | year = | title = Sound and Fury: McCloskey and Significance Testing in Economics | url = http://ideas.repec.org/p/wpa/wuwpem/0511018.html | accessdate = 2008-06-10}}</ref> Utafiti wa shirika la International Monetary Fund wa mwaka wa 2002 ulizingatia “utabiri wa makubaliano” (utabiri wa makundi makubwa ya wanauchumi) ambao ulifanywa awali kabla ya kurudi nyuma kwa uchumi kwa mataifa 60 tofauti katika miaka ya 90; katika 97% ya visa wanauchumia hawakutabiri mpunguo kwa mwaka mmoja kabla ya tukio. Katika visa vile vya nadra ambako wanauchumi walitabiri kwa mafanikio kurudi nyuma kwa uchumi, walikadiria makali yake kwa kiwango cha chini mno.<ref> "Jinsi Korrekta Je Sekta Binafsi Forecasts? Msalaba-Country ushahidi kutoka Consensus Forecasts wa Kukuza Uchumi Output ", kwa Prakash Loungani, Shirika la Fedha la Kimataifa (IMF), Desemba 2002</ref>. ===Ukosoaji wa dhana=== Uchumi umekuwa mada ya ukosoaji hadi hutegemea dhana ambazo hazina uhakika, haziwezi kuthibitishwa na zimerahisishwa visivyofaaa, kwa wakati mwingine kwa sababu dhana hizi hutumia hisabati zinazovutia. Mifano ni pamoja na habari kamilifu, uimarishaji wa faida kwa kiwango cha juu zaidi na chaguzi za kimawazo.<ref> Rappaport, Steven (1996). "Abstraction na Unrealistic antaganden katika Uchumi," ''Journal of Economic Methodolojia,'' 3 (2), uk. 215-236. [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a739439848~db=all Abstract,] (1998). ''Reality katika mifano na Uchumi.'' Edward Elgar, s. 6, ch. 6-8.</ref><ref> Friedman, Milton (1953), "The Methodolojia wa Positive Uchumi," ''Insha katika Positive Economics,'' University of Chicago Press, uk. 14-15, 22,, 31.</ref><ref> Boland, Lawrence A. (2008). "Antaganden Albamu alizotoa", [[The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition|''The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition'' ]] [http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_A000231&q=assumption&topicid=&result_number=1 Best abstract.] Accessed 30 Mei 2008.</ref> Baadhi ya nadharia za kisasa za kiuchumi zimezingatia kuzungumzia matatizo haya kupitia kwa matawi madogo ya somo hili yanayoibuka kama vile uchumi wa taarifa, uchumi wa tabia, na uchumi wa utata, huku Geoffrey Hodgson akitabiri mabadiliko makubwa katika mwelekeo uliotanda wa kiuchumi. Hata hivyo, wanauchumi maarufu wa uchumi uliotanda kama vile Keynes<ref> {{cite journal | last = Keynes | first = J. M. | authorlink = J.M. Keynes | coauthors = | title = Alfred Marshall 1842–1924 | journal = The Economic Journal | volume = 34 | issue = 135 | pages = 333,356 | publisher = | location = | month = Septemba | year = 1924 | url =http://www.jstor.org/stable/2222645 | doi =10.2307/2222645 | id = | accessdate = 2008-04-19}} </ref>na Joskow, pamoja na wanauchumi wa kiheteredoksi, wametoa maoni kuwa kiwango kikubwa cha uchumi huwa ni cha kidhana na wala si cha kihisabati, na huwa ni vigumu kuweka mifumo na kuurasmisha kwa kutumia mbinu za kihisabati. Katika majadiliano juu ya utafiti wa makundi ya kutawal shughuli za soko, Paul Joskow alionyesha mnamo 1975 kuwa katika utekelezi, wanafunzi wenye bidii wa uchumi halisi, huwa na mazoea ya kutumia “mifumo isiyo rasmi” inayotokana na vipengele vya maelezo ambavyo hutumiwa katika sekta maalum. Joskow aliamini sana kuwa kazi muhimu ya kutafiti makundi yanayotawala shughuli za soko ilifanya kupitia uchunguzi usio rasmi huku mifumo rasmi ilikuwa “ikionyeshwa kwa madaha baada yakazi ''[[kumalizika]]'' ". Alidai kuwa mifumo rasmi kwa kiasi kikubwa haikuwa na maana katika kazi ya ujarabati, vilevile, na kuwa kipengele muhimu kilicho msingi wa nadharia ya kampuni, tabia, kilipuuzwa.<ref> {{cite journal | last = Joskow | first = Paul | authorlink =Paul Joskow | coauthors = | title = Firm Decision-making Policy and Oligopoly Theory | journal = The American Economic Review | volume = 65 | issue = 2, Papers and Proceedings of the Eighty-seventh Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association | pages = 270–279, Particularly 271 | publisher = | location = | month = Mei | year = 1975 | url =http://www.jstor.org/stable/1818864 | doi = | id = | accessdate = 2008-04-19}} </ref> Licha ya wasiwasi huu, masomo ya daraja ya pili ya vyuo vikuu yameendelea kuwa ya kiufundi na kihisabati.<ref name="Textbooks2004">{{cite journal | author = Johansson D. | year = 2004 | title = Economics without Entrepreneurship or Institutions: A Vocabulary Analysis of Graduate Textbooks | journal = Econ Journal Watch | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 515–538 | url = http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/JohanssonPractice1December2004.pdf | accessdate = 2008-06-07 | format = PDF | archive-date = 2008-06-25 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080625054127/http://www.econjournalwatch.org/pdf/JohanssonPractice1December2004.pdf | dead-url = yes }}</ref> Ingawa nyingi ya kazi ya kimsingi ya utafiti wa kiuchumi katika historia ulihusu dhana na wala si hisabati, kwa sasa huwa ni vigumu zaidi kupata uwezekano wa kuchapisha nakala isiyo ya kihisabati katika jedwali mashuhuri. Kuona ukweli kwa upande wa baadhi ya wanafunzi kuhusu kuzingatia kwa uchumi kwa vitu ambavyo haviwezi kushikika na vya ufundi kumesababisha kuzuka kwa kundi la uchumi wa baada ya hali ya autism, ambao ulianza Ufaransa mnamo 2000. [[David Colander]], mtetezi wa uchumi tata, amezungumzia vilevile kwa kukosoa mbinu za kihisabati za kiuchumi, ambazo anahusisha na mfumo wa chuo cha MIT kwa uchumi, kinyume cha ule wa Chicago (ingawa anasema pia kuwa mfumo wa Chicago hauwezi tena kuitwa ulio na maono ya kiakili). Anaamini kuwa mapendekezo ya sera kutokana na mfumo wa maono ya kiakili ya Chicago yalichangia kushuka kwa uchumi wa maono ya kiakili. Anasema pia kuwa amewahi kukutana na wanauchumi wenza ambao wamekataa katakata kujadiliana kuhusu uchumi wa kusisimua pasipo na mfumo rasmi, na anaamini kuwa mifumo mara nyingine huzuia maono ya mawazo.<ref> Colander, D. (1998). Confessions of an Economic Gadfly. Katika [http://books.google.com/books?id=F8zynA594DUC ''Passion na Craft.'' ] uk. 39-55.</ref> Hivi karibuni zaidi, hata hivyo, ameandikwa kuwa uchumi wa kiheterodoksi, ambao mara nyingi huchukua zaidi mwelekeo wa maono ya kimawazo, unafaa kushirikiana na wanahisabati na kuwa wa kihisabati zaidi.<ref name="Colander2007"> Colander, D. (2007). [http://ideas.repec.org/p/mdl/mdlpap/0724.html Heterodox pluralism na Uchumi: Mapendekezo kwa ajili ya "Ndani ya Kuingiza" Heterodoxy]</ref> "Uchumi uliotanda ni mfumo wa kirasmi”, anaandika, na kinachohitajika si kupungua kwa hisabati wala ni kuongezeka kwa viwango vya hisabati. Anaeleza kuwa baadhi ya mada zinazozingatiwa na wanauchumi wa kiheterodoksi, kama vile umuhimu wa taasisi au ukosefu wa uhakika, zinatafitiwa kwa sasa kupitia mifumo ya kihisabati bila kutaja kazi iliyofanya na wanauchumi wa kiheterodoksi. Uchumi mpya wa taasisi, kwa mfano, huchunguza taasisi kihisababti bila kuhusisha sana somo linatokana kwa kiasi kikubwa na kiheterodoksi la uchumi wa taasisi. Katika hotuba yake ya Tuzo la Nobel ya 1974, Friedrich Hayek, anayejulikana kwa uhusiano wake wa karibu na mfumo wa kiheterodoksi wa uchumi wa Kiaustria, alilaumu kutofaulu kwa sera za ushauri wa kiuchumi kwa maelekeo ya kuiga utaratibu wa kihisabati unaotumika kwa sayansi asilia bila kupambanua au kutumia mbinu za kisayansi. Anatoa hoja kuwa hata matukio ya kiuchumi ambayo yametafitiwa kwa kiwango kikubwa, kama vile ukosefu wa ajir akatika soko, huwa kwa kindani na utata mkubwa kuliko matukio kama hayo katika somo la sayansi asilia ambako mbinu zilibuniwa hapo awali. Vilevile, nadharia na takwimu huwa mara nyingi havidhihiriki na hushughulikwa kulingana na ''mwelekeo '' wa mabadiliko yanayohitajika, na wala si ukubwa wake.<ref name="Hayek"> {{Rejea tovuti|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1974/hayek-lecture.html#not1|title=The Pretence of Knowledge |accessdate=2007-09-26|publisher=Nobleprize.org|year=1974|author=[[Friedrich Hayek|Hayek, Friedrich A.]]|work=Lecture to the Memory of Alfred Nobel}} paragraphs 2, 4, 5, na 7-10.</ref> Kwa upande mmoja kwa sababu ya ukosoaji, uchumi umepatwa na uratibishaji wa hali ya juu na ufafanuzi wa dhana na mbinu tangu miaka ya 1940, ambao baadhi yake imeelekea katika utekelezaji wa mbinu ya kidhana na kimawazo (hypothetico-deductive method) katika kueleza matokeo ya dunia halisi.<ref> Blaug, Marko (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics" (Postwar maendeleo, metoder Eusebio katika uchumi wa kisasa), ''The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' aya ya 27, uk. 346-47.</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Historia ya Uchumi]] ==Tanbihi== {{Marejeo|colwidth=30em}} ==Marejeo== * [[Barr, Nicholas]] (2004) ''Uchumi wa Welfare State,'' 4th ed., Oxford University Press * [[Stiglitz, Joseph]] (2000) ''Uchumi wa Sekta ya Umma,'' 3rd ed., Norton Press ==Viungo vya nje== {{sisterlinks}} ;Habari za ujumla * {{dmoz|Science/Social_Sciences/Economics/|Economics}} * [http://www.oswego.edu/~economic/journals.htm Uchumi katika Open Directory Project] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oswego.edu/~economic/journals.htm |date=20130710110240 }} * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9109547/economics Uchumi] katika Encyclopædia Britannica. * [http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/economics/ Intute: Economics:] {{Wayback|url=http://www.intute.ac.uk/socialsciences/economics/ |date=20070512014346 }} Orodha ya anwani ya tovuti ya vyuo vikuu vya Uingereza. * [http://repec.org/ Nakala za Utafiti katika Somo la Uchumi (RePEc)] * [http://rfe.org/ Vifaa Kwa Wanauchumi :] {{Wayback|url=http://rfe.org/ |date=20130511055542 }} Mwongozo unaodhaminiwa na Chama cha Kiuchumi cha Marekani ulio na vifaa zaidi ya 2000 vya Tovuti kutoka "Data" to "Neat Stuff,". ;Taasisi na mashirika * [http://www.cepr.net/ Center for Economic and Policy Research (Marekani)] * [http://edirc.repec.org/ Economics Departments, Institutes and Research Centers in the World] * [http://www.oecd.org/statistics/ Organization For Co-operation and Economic Development (OECD) Statistics] * [http://unstats.un.org/unsd United Nations Statistics Division] * [http://www.worldbank.org/data/ World Bank Data] * [http://www.wto.org World Trade Organization] ;Zana za masomo * [http://www.oswego.edu/~economic/newbooks.htm Mwongozo wa vitabu vya kiada kadha wa kadha katika tovuti] {{Wayback|url=http://www.oswego.edu/~economic/newbooks.htm |date=20130812211719 }} * [http://eh.net/atp/ Sehemu ya Ask The Professor] {{Wayback|url=http://eh.net/atp/ |date=20071026005606 }} ya EH.Net Economic History Services * [http://economics.about.com/ Uchumi katika About.com] {{Wayback|url=http://economics.about.com/ |date=20070602020408 }} * [[b:Economics|Vitabu vya kiada vya kiuchumi katika Wikibooks]] * [http://www.econguru.com/introduction_to_economics/ Introduction to Economics:] Dibaji fupi ya uchumi wa kimsingi iliyopewa leseni na Creative commons * [http://www.merlot.org/merlot/materials.htm?category=2216 Zana za masomo za MERLOT: Economics:] {{Wayback|url=http://www.merlot.org/merlot/materials.htm?category=2216 |date=20130614190857 }} Hakiki iliyo Marekani ya vifaa vya masomo * [http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Economics/index.htm MIT OpenCourseWare: Economics:] {{Wayback|url=http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Economics/index.htm |date=20100505004829 }} Makavazi ya zana za masomo kutoka kwa kozi za MIT * [http://www.economicsnetwork.ac.uk/links/othertl.htm Zana za kusoma na kufundisha zilizo katika tovuti, hakiki za] UK Economics Network, picha, maelezo ya maneno na vifaa vingine * [http://homepage.newschool.edu/het/thought.htm Mifumo ya mawazo:] {{Wayback|url=http://homepage.newschool.edu/het/thought.htm |date=20040805133647 }} Linganisha mifumo ya kiuchumi mbalimbali juu ya maswala fulani * [http://www.econlib.org/ Maktaba ya Uchumi na Uhuru (EconLib):] Vitabu vya Somo la Uchumi, Makala, Blogi (EconLog), Podcasts (EconTalk) {{sayansi}} [[Category:Uchumi]] [[Category:Elimu jamii]] [[Jamii:Sayansi]] 8cabumel80ksbdbzv2jkhxqavxni20m 0 35527 1614007 1601378 2026-11-05T20:28:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614007 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = The Bodyguard | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Whitney Houston]] | Cover = TheBodyguardSoundtrack.jpg | Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya The Bodyguard | Imetolewa = 17 Novemba 1992 | Imerekodiwa = 1991-1992 | Aina = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[pop music|Pop]] | Urefu = 57:44 | Lugha = [[Kiingereza]] | Studio = [[Arista Records|Arista]] | Mtayarishaji = [[Whitney Houston]], [[Clive Davis]] | Review = * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-r123597 link] * ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312588,00.html link] * ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.tower.com/bodyguard-original-soundtrack-cd/wapi/106719929 link] * ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|2|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/209469/review/6210412?utm_source=Rhapsody&utm_medium=CDreview link] | Tarehe = | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[I'm Your Baby Tonight]]''<br /> (1990) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''The Bodyguard''''' <br /> (1992) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album|The Preacher's Wife]]''<br />(1996 }} '''''The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album''''' ni jina la kibwagizo cha filamu chenye jina sawa na hili, iliyotolewa mnamo 17 Novemba 1992. Kutokana na albamu hii, Whitney alikuwa mwanamuziki wa kwanza kuwahi kuuza zaidi ya nakala milioni moja kwenye wiki ya kwanza. Wimbo huu baadaye ilishinda tuzo la ''Grammy Award for Album of the Year'' na Recording Industry Association of America ilitunikiwa platinamu 17 mnamo 1 Novemba 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=Recording Industry Association of America: Diamond Awards |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2015-12-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230043419/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond }}</ref> Hadi leo, imeuza zaidi ya nakala milioni 44 kote duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.thewrap.com/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback_5711 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2012-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722192948/http://www.thewrap.com/deal-central/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback_5711 }}</ref> ==Mapokezi== Albamu hii inajulikana kwa wimbo "I Will Always Love You". Wimbo huu ulichezwa zana kwenye redio. Single hii ilibaki kuwa namba 1 kwenye chati ya ''Billboard Hot 100'' kwa muda ya wiki 14.<ref>http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/whitney-houston/chart-history/4849</ref> ==Nyimbo zake== # "[[I Will Always Love You#Whitney Houston version|I Will Always Love You]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Dolly Parton|Parton]]) # "[[I Have Nothing]]" - Whitney Houston ([[David Foster|Foster]]/[[Linda Thompson-Jenner|Thompson-Jenner]]) # "[[I'm Every Woman]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Nickolas Ashford|Ashford]]/[[Valerie Simpson|Simpson]]) # "[[Run to You (Whitney Houston song)|Run to You]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Jud J. Friedman|Friedman]]/[[Allan Rich|Rich]]) # "[[Queen of the Night (song)|Queen of the Night]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]]/[[Whitney Houston|Houston]]/[[L.A. Reid|Reid]]/[[Daryl Simmons|Simmons]]) # "[[Jesus Loves Me]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Cedric Caldwell|Caldwell]]/[[BeBe Winans|Winans]]) # "Even If My Heart Would Break" - [[Kenny G]] featuring [[Aaron Neville]] ([[Franne Golde|Golde]]/[[Adrian Gurvitz|Gurvitz]]) # "Someday (I'm Coming Back)" - [[Lisa Stansfield]] ([[Ian Devaney|Devaney]]/[[Andy Morris (record producer)|Morris]] / Stansfield) # "[[Lovely Day (song)|It's Gonna Be A Lovely Day]]" - [[The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M.]] ([[Robert Clivillés|Clivillés]]/[[David Cole (producer)|Cole]]/[[Tommy Never|Never]]/[[Skip Scarborough|Scarborough]]/[[Michelle Visage|Visage]]/[[Bill Withers|Withers]]) # "[[(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding]]" - [[Curtis Stigers]] ([[Nick Lowe|Lowe]]) # "Theme from The Bodyguard" - [[Alan Silvestri]] (Silvestri) # "Trust in Me" - [[Joe Cocker]] featuring [[Sass Jordan]] ([[Francesca Beghe|Beghe]]/[[Charlie Midnight|Midnight]]/[[Marc Swersky|Swersky]]) ==Chati na thibitisho== {| class="wikitable" !Chart !Peak<br>position !Certification !Sales/Shipments |- |[[ARIA Charts|Australian Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Australian Albums Chart|publisher=australian-charts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|5&times; Platinum<ref name=billboard93>"''The Bodyguard''" is top foreign album in Japan. ''Billboard'' Magazine. 16 Oktoba 1993</ref> |align="center"|350,000<ref name=worldcertification>{{cite web|author=|url=http://imbruglia.tistory.com/91?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fimbruglia.tistory.com%2F91|title=Sales Certification|publisher=|accessdate=2009-09-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ade94CLc?url=http://imbruglia.tistory.com/91?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fimbruglia.tistory.com%2F91|archivedate=2012-09-13}}</ref> |- |Austrian Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Austrian Albums Chart|publisher=austriancharts.at|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|4&times; Platinum<ref name=Austria>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|200,000<ref name="worldcertification"/> |- |Canadian [[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]] Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="cria.ca">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://cria.ca/cert_db_search.php |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/675459Fi0?url=http://www.musiccanada.com/GoldPlatinum.aspx |archivedate=2012-04-21 }}</ref> |align="center"|1,000,000<ref name="cria.ca"/> |- |French Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name=diamant>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0|title=The Bodyguard Soundtrack SNEP Certification|publisher=disqueenfrance.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102021/http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0|archivedate=2008-11-20}}</ref> |align="center"|1,385,300<ref name="diamant"/> |- |German Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|3&times; Platinum<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/|title=German Certificantion|publisher=musikindustrie.de|date=|accessdate=2009-09-20}}</ref> |align="center"|1,500,000+ |- |Italian Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="billboard93"/><ref name="worldcertification"/> |align="center"|810,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[Oricon|Japanese Oricon Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref name="Japanese albums chart">{{cite web| url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/music/release/d/51361/1/ ホイットニー・ヒューストン-リリース-ORICON STYLE-ミュージック| title= Highest position and charting weeks of ''The Bodyguard'' by Whitney Houston| work=oricon.co.jp| publisher=''[[Oricon|Oricon Style]]''| accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009}}</ref> |align="center"|2&times; Million</small><ref name=millionriaj">{{cite web|url=http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal.htm RIAJ Certified Million Seller Albums|title=- List of the albums certified "Million" by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (Januari 1989 - Agosti 2009)|language=Japanese|date=Agosti 2009|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009|archivedate=2010-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120100043/http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal.htm}}</ref><ref name="riaj">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html|title=- Recording Industry Association of Japan - The History of music recordings industry during the 1990s|language=Japanese|work=riaj.or.jp|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009|archive-date=2012-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214001349/http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|2,800,000<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=bodyguard+top+foreign+album&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=5#v=onepage&q=bodyguard%20top%20foreign%20album&f=false|title=Newsline...Mariah Carey's "#1's" (p49)|publisher=''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''|date=23 Januari 1999|accessdate=2009-12-28}}</ref> |- |Korean International Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="billboard93"/><ref name="worldcertification"/> |align="center"|1,200,000<ref>{{cite web|author=고경석|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010010709111483530|title=휘트니 휴스턴, 2월 첫 내한공연 (Whitney Houston; South Korea's first show in Februari.)|publisher=asiae.co.kr|date=7 Januari 2010|accessdate=2010-01-07|language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=이언혁|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201001070909331001|title=휘트니휴스턴 첫 내한공연 ‘10년만의 정규 월드투어 한국서 시작’(Whitney Houston, Her First World Tour in 10 Years Will Begin in South Korea.)|publisher=newsen.com|date=7 Januari 2010|accessdate=2010-01-07|language=Korean}}</ref> |- |[[VG-lista|Norwegian Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Norwegian Albums Chart|publisher=norwegiancharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|4&times; Platinum<ref name=Norway>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm|title=IFPI Norway|publisher=ifpi.no|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10|archivedate=2010-01-18|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm}}</ref> |align="center"|200,000<ref name="Norway"/> |- |Swedish Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=SOUNDTRACK / WHITNEY HOUSTON - THE BODYGUARD (ALBUM)|publisher=swedishcharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|343,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[Swiss Music Charts|Swiss Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=SOUNDTRACK / WHITNEY HOUSTON - THE BODYGUARD (ALBUM)|publisher=swisscharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> |align="center"|5&times; Platinum<ref name=ifpich>{{cite web|author=|url=http://swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=whitney+houston|title=IFPI Switzerland Searchable Database|publisher=ifpi.ch|date=|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref> |align="center"|300,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[UK Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>http://theofficialcharts.com/</ref> |align="center"|7&times; Platinum<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=20171006162141 }} |7 x Platinum Certification Saturday, 1 Januari 1994</ref> |align="center"|2,138,030<ref name=occ>{{cite web|author=Bill Harris|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/Q/Queen/2006/11/17/2391437.html|title=Queen rules - in album sales|publisher=Toronto Sun|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2009-09-22}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |U.S. [[Billboard 200]] |align="center"|1<ref>http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-r123597</ref> |align="center"|17 x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2012-09-13 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AddpjY8U?url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond }}</ref> |align="center"|13,118,000<!--- 11,808,000 From Nielsen SoundScan + 1,310,000 From BMG Music Clubs ---> <ref>{{cite web|author=Gary Trust|url=http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story|title=Ask Billboard: Madonna vs. Whitney: Who's Sold More?|publisher=billboard.com|date=2009-08-14|accessdate=2009-09-22|archivedate=2009-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826160753/http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-09-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5jW8qIpnZ?url=http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref>/17,000,000 |} ;Singles {| class="wikitable" !Year !Artist !Single !Chati !Namba |- |rowspan="4"|1992 |rowspan="19"|[[Whitney Houston]] |rowspan="4"|"[[I Will Always Love You]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|1 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|1 |- |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|1 |- |rowspan="19"|1993 |rowspan="4"|"[[I Have Nothing]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|1 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|4 |- |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|4 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|3 |- |rowspan="5"|"[[I'm Every Woman]]" |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|4 |- |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|26 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|4 |- |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|4 |- |rowspan="2"|"[[Queen of the Night]]" |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|14 |- |rowspan="4"|"[[Run to You]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|10 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|31 |- |&nbsp;The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|31 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|15 |- |[[Lisa Stansfield]] |"Someday (I'm Coming Back)" |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|10 |- |rowspan="3"|[[The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M.]] |rowspan="3"|"[[Lovely Day (song)|It's Gonna Be A Lovely Day]]" |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|34 |- |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|17 |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:albamu za 1992]] g4ganrq9ouukgareartqt7euv9aunrj 1614096 1614007 2026-11-05T23:31:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = The Bodyguard | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Whitney Houston]] | Cover = TheBodyguardSoundtrack.jpg | Maelezo = Kasha ya albamu ya The Bodyguard | Imetolewa = 17 Novemba 1992 | Imerekodiwa = 1991-1992 | Aina = [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[pop music|Pop]] | Urefu = 57:44 | Lugha = [[Kiingereza]] | Studio = [[Arista Records|Arista]] | Mtayarishaji = [[Whitney Houston]], [[Clive Davis]] | Review = * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-r123597 link] * ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' (B) [http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,312588,00.html link] * ''[[Q (magazine)|Q]]'' {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.tower.com/bodyguard-original-soundtrack-cd/wapi/106719929 link] * ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|2|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/209469/review/6210412?utm_source=Rhapsody&utm_medium=CDreview link] | Tarehe = | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[I'm Your Baby Tonight]]''<br /> (1990) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''The Bodyguard''''' <br /> (1992) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album|The Preacher's Wife]]''<br />(1996 }} '''''The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album''''' ni jina la kibwagizo cha filamu chenye jina sawa na hili, iliyotolewa mnamo 17 Novemba 1992. Kutokana na albamu hii, Whitney alikuwa mwanamuziki wa kwanza kuwahi kuuza zaidi ya nakala milioni moja kwenye wiki ya kwanza. Wimbo huu baadaye ilishinda tuzo la ''Grammy Award for Album of the Year'' na Recording Industry Association of America ilitunikiwa platinamu 17 mnamo 1 Novemba 1999.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=Recording Industry Association of America: Diamond Awards |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2015-12-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230043419/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond }}</ref> Hadi leo, imeuza zaidi ya nakala milioni 44 kote duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.thewrap.com/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback_5711 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2012-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722192948/http://www.thewrap.com/deal-central/article/it-too-late-whitneys-comeback_5711 }}</ref> ==Mapokezi== Albamu hii inajulikana kwa wimbo "I Will Always Love You". Wimbo huu ulichezwa zana kwenye redio. Single hii ilibaki kuwa namba 1 kwenye chati ya ''Billboard Hot 100'' kwa muda ya wiki 14.<ref>http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/whitney-houston/chart-history/4849</ref> ==Nyimbo zake== # "[[I Will Always Love You#Whitney Houston version|I Will Always Love You]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Dolly Parton|Parton]]) # "[[I Have Nothing]]" - Whitney Houston ([[David Foster|Foster]]/[[Linda Thompson-Jenner|Thompson-Jenner]]) # "[[I'm Every Woman]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Nickolas Ashford|Ashford]]/[[Valerie Simpson|Simpson]]) # "[[Run to You (Whitney Houston song)|Run to You]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Jud J. Friedman|Friedman]]/[[Allan Rich|Rich]]) # "[[Queen of the Night (song)|Queen of the Night]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]]/[[Whitney Houston|Houston]]/[[L.A. Reid|Reid]]/[[Daryl Simmons|Simmons]]) # "[[Jesus Loves Me]]" - Whitney Houston ([[Cedric Caldwell|Caldwell]]/[[BeBe Winans|Winans]]) # "Even If My Heart Would Break" - [[Kenny G]] featuring [[Aaron Neville]] ([[Franne Golde|Golde]]/[[Adrian Gurvitz|Gurvitz]]) # "Someday (I'm Coming Back)" - [[Lisa Stansfield]] ([[Ian Devaney|Devaney]]/[[Andy Morris (record producer)|Morris]] / Stansfield) # "[[Lovely Day (song)|It's Gonna Be A Lovely Day]]" - [[The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M.]] ([[Robert Clivillés|Clivillés]]/[[David Cole (producer)|Cole]]/[[Tommy Never|Never]]/[[Skip Scarborough|Scarborough]]/[[Michelle Visage|Visage]]/[[Bill Withers|Withers]]) # "[[(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding]]" - [[Curtis Stigers]] ([[Nick Lowe|Lowe]]) # "Theme from The Bodyguard" - [[Alan Silvestri]] (Silvestri) # "Trust in Me" - [[Joe Cocker]] featuring [[Sass Jordan]] ([[Francesca Beghe|Beghe]]/[[Charlie Midnight|Midnight]]/[[Marc Swersky|Swersky]]) ==Chati na thibitisho== {| class="wikitable" !Chart !Peak<br>position !Certification !Sales/Shipments |- |[[ARIA Charts|Australian Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Australian Albums Chart|publisher=australian-charts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|5&times; Platinum<ref name=billboard93>"''The Bodyguard''" is top foreign album in Japan. ''Billboard'' Magazine. 16 Oktoba 1993</ref> |align="center"|350,000<ref name=worldcertification>{{cite web|author=|url=http://imbruglia.tistory.com/91?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fimbruglia.tistory.com%2F91|title=Sales Certification|publisher=|accessdate=2009-09-22|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Ade94CLc?url=http://imbruglia.tistory.com/91?srchid=BR1http%3A%2F%2Fimbruglia.tistory.com%2F91|archivedate=2012-09-13}}</ref> |- |Austrian Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Austrian Albums Chart|publisher=austriancharts.at|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|4&times; Platinum<ref name=Austria>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|200,000<ref name="worldcertification"/> |- |Canadian [[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]] Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="cria.ca">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://cria.ca/cert_db_search.php |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/675459Fi0?url=http://www.musiccanada.com/GoldPlatinum.aspx |archivedate=2012-04-21 }}</ref> |align="center"|1,000,000<ref name="cria.ca"/> |- |French Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name=diamant>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0|title=The Bodyguard Soundtrack SNEP Certification|publisher=disqueenfrance.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102021/http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0|archivedate=2008-11-20}}</ref> |align="center"|1,385,300<ref name="diamant"/> |- |German Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|3&times; Platinum<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/|title=German Certificantion|publisher=musikindustrie.de|date=|accessdate=2009-09-20}}</ref> |align="center"|1,500,000+ |- |Italian Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="billboard93"/><ref name="worldcertification"/> |align="center"|810,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[Oricon|Japanese Oricon Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref name="Japanese albums chart">{{cite web| url=http://www.oricon.co.jp/music/release/d/51361/1/ ホイットニー・ヒューストン-リリース-ORICON STYLE-ミュージック| title= Highest position and charting weeks of ''The Bodyguard'' by Whitney Houston| work=oricon.co.jp| publisher=''[[Oricon|Oricon Style]]''| accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009}}</ref> |align="center"|2&times; Million</small><ref name=millionriaj">{{cite web|url=http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal.htm RIAJ Certified Million Seller Albums|title=- List of the albums certified "Million" by the Recording Industry Association of Japan (Januari 1989 - Agosti 2009)|language=Japanese|date=Agosti 2009|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009|archivedate=2010-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120100043/http://www18.ocn.ne.jp/~hbr/jp1mal.htm}}</ref><ref name="riaj">{{cite web|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html|title=- Recording Industry Association of Japan - The History of music recordings industry during the 1990s|language=Japanese|work=riaj.or.jp|publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of Japan]]|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2009|archive-date=2012-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214001349/http://www.riaj.or.jp/chronicle/1900/1990.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|2,800,000<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=bodyguard+top+foreign+album&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=5#v=onepage&q=bodyguard%20top%20foreign%20album&f=false|title=Newsline...Mariah Carey's "#1's" (p49)|publisher=''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''|date=23 Januari 1999|accessdate=2009-12-28}}</ref> |- |Korean International Albums Chart |align="center"|1 |align="center"|Diamond<ref name="billboard93"/><ref name="worldcertification"/> |align="center"|1,200,000<ref>{{cite web|author=고경석|url=http://www.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2010010709111483530|title=휘트니 휴스턴, 2월 첫 내한공연 (Whitney Houston; South Korea's first show in Februari.)|publisher=asiae.co.kr|date=7 Januari 2010|accessdate=2010-01-07|language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=이언혁|url=http://www.newsen.com/news_view.php?uid=201001070909331001|title=휘트니휴스턴 첫 내한공연 ‘10년만의 정규 월드투어 한국서 시작’(Whitney Houston, Her First World Tour in 10 Years Will Begin in South Korea.)|publisher=newsen.com|date=7 Januari 2010|accessdate=2010-01-07|language=Korean}}</ref> |- |[[VG-lista|Norwegian Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://norwegiancharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=Norwegian Albums Chart|publisher=norwegiancharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10}}</ref> |align="center"|4&times; Platinum<ref name=Norway>{{cite web|author=|url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm|title=IFPI Norway|publisher=ifpi.no|date=|accessdate=2009-09-10|archivedate=2010-01-18|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm}}</ref> |align="center"|200,000<ref name="Norway"/> |- |Swedish Albums Chart |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=SOUNDTRACK / WHITNEY HOUSTON - THE BODYGUARD (ALBUM)|publisher=swedishcharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|343,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[Swiss Music Charts|Swiss Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://hitparade.ch/showitem.asp?interpret=Soundtrack+%2F+Whitney+Houston&titel=The+Bodyguard&cat=a|title=SOUNDTRACK / WHITNEY HOUSTON - THE BODYGUARD (ALBUM)|publisher=swisscharts.com|date=|accessdate=2009-09-22}}</ref> |align="center"|5&times; Platinum<ref name=ifpich>{{cite web|author=|url=http://swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=whitney+houston|title=IFPI Switzerland Searchable Database|publisher=ifpi.ch|date=|accessdate=2009-09-21}}</ref> |align="center"|300,000<ref name="billboard93"/> |- |[[UK Albums Chart]] |align="center"|1<ref>http://theofficialcharts.com/</ref> |align="center"|7&times; Platinum<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=20171006162141 }} |7 x Platinum Certification Saturday, 1 Januari 1994</ref> |align="center"|2,138,030<ref name=occ>{{cite web|author=Bill Harris|url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Artists/Q/Queen/2006/11/17/2391437.html|title=Queen rules - in album sales|publisher=Toronto Sun|date=2006-11-17|accessdate=2009-09-22}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |U.S. [[Billboard 200]] |align="center"|1<ref>http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bodyguard-r123597</ref> |align="center"|17 x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2012-09-13 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AddpjY8U?url=http://riaa.org/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblDiamond }}</ref> |align="center"|13,118,000<!--- 11,808,000 From Nielsen SoundScan + 1,310,000 From BMG Music Clubs ---> <ref>{{cite web|author=Gary Trust|url=http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story|title=Ask Billboard: Madonna vs. Whitney: Who's Sold More?|publisher=billboard.com|date=2009-08-14|accessdate=2009-09-22|archivedate=2009-08-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826160753/http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story#/column/chartbeat/ask-billboard-madonna-vs-whitney-who-s-sold-1004003516.story}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2009-09-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5jW8qIpnZ?url=http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref>/17,000,000 |} ;Singles {| class="wikitable" !Year !Artist !Single !Chati !Namba |- |rowspan="4"|1992 |rowspan="19"|[[Whitney Houston]] |rowspan="4"|"[[I Will Always Love You]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|1 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|1 |- |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|1 |- |rowspan="19"|1993 |rowspan="4"|"[[I Have Nothing]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|1 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|4 |- |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|4 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|3 |- |rowspan="5"|"[[I'm Every Woman]]" |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|4 |- |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|26 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|4 |- |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|4 |- |rowspan="2"|"[[Queen of the Night]]" |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|14 |- |rowspan="4"|"[[Run to You]]" |Adult Contemporary |align="center"|10 |- |Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks |align="center"|31 |- |&nbsp;The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|31 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|15 |- |[[Lisa Stansfield]] |"Someday (I'm Coming Back)" |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|10 |- |rowspan="3"|[[The S.O.U.L. S.Y.S.T.E.M.]] |rowspan="3"|"[[Lovely Day (song)|It's Gonna Be A Lovely Day]]" |The Billboard Hot 100 |align="center"|34 |- |Hot Dance Music/Club Play |align="center"|1 |- |UK Singles Chart |align="center"|17 |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} [[Jamii:albamu za 1992]] pf133c4y4tdhcfdu0d0sme873g76nh9 0 35583 1614034 1528824 2026-11-05T21:00:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614034 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | Jina = Victory | Picha = Victory hindi.jpg | caption = Poster for ''Victory'' | mwelekezi = AjitPal Mangat | muziki = [[Anu Malik]] | mtunzi = AjitPal Mangat | nyota = [[Harman Baweja]] </br> [[Amrita Rao]] </br> [[Anupam Kher]] <br> [[Gulshan Grover]] </br> Several International Cricketers<ref name="Victory">{{cite web|title=England duo land Bollywood roles| work= [[BBC]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/7168281.stm | accessdate=2008-01-02}}</ref> | mtayarishi = Manmohan Shetty </br> AjitPal Mangat | distributor = | nchi = India | imetolewa = 16 Januari 2009 | muda = Dakika 159 | lugha = [[Hindi]] | budget = | imdb_id = }} '''''Victory''''' ni [[filamu]] ya kimichezo ya 2009 ya [[India]] ambayo inaangazia mchezo wa Criketi, ambayo nyota wake ni [[Harman Baweja]], [[Amrita Rao]] na [[Anupam Kher]]. Ni toleo la pili la Harman Baweja baada ya toleo lake la kwanza la ''[[Love Story 2050]]'', ambayo haikutia fora katika [[Box Office]]. Movie hii ilinaswa nchhini [[Australia]] na [[India]] na inasemekana kuwa moja ya filamu zilizoigharimu [[Bolywood]] sana hadi leo.<ref name="Victory">{{cite web|title=Harman Baweja's 'Victory'|work=IndiaFM|url=http://movies.indiainfo.com/2007/10/03/0710031744_harman.html|accessdate=2007-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081231021530/http://movies.indiainfo.com/2007/10/03/0710031744_harman.html|archivedate=2008-12-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Filamu hii inamwangazia mwanacriketi mmoja ambaye anajitahidi kufanikiwa ambaye anapuuza vikwazo vyote ili kuifikia ndoto yake ambayo takribani haiwezekani. ==Ploti== Hadithi inaangazia maisha ya Vijay Shekhawat ([[Harman Baweja]]) na baba yake Ram Shekhawat ([[Anupam Kher]]). Ram ana maono makubwa kwa mwanawe Vijay ambaye anatarajia ataichezea timu ya taifa ya Criketi ya India. Ndoto yake hatimaye inatimia wakati Vijay anafuzu kwa timu hiyo. Rafikiye wa utotoni Nandini ([[Amrita Rao]]) ameuamini uwezo wake tangu mara ya kwanza alipotaja jina criketi na hakuwahi kumshuku. Hata hivyo, furaha hii inaisha punde wakati Vijay anapoteza nafasi yake katika timu na umaarufu aliokuwa ameupata kwa kuruhusu umaarufu wake umfumbe macho. Vijay anagundua haraka ni vipi vyombo vya habari na watu wanaweza kumgeuza shujaa kuwa mtu mbaya. Ram hawezi kustahimili madharau na anashikwa na ugonjwa wa ubongo. Nandini anajitolea kumtunza Ram na kumweka Vijay kwake. Vijay na Nandini wanapaa hadi [[Australia]] ili afanyiwe upasuaji katika mgongo. Upasuaji unafaulu na Nandini anagundu kuwa rafiki yake wa utoto Nandini anaweza kuwa mwenziwe wa maisha. Anaanza kuwa na hisia za mapenzi kwa Nandini lakini Nandini bado anaendelea kuuguza huzuni ya kugeuziwa mgongo na Vijay na inamwia vigumu kumwamini tena Vijay na kumchukulia kama mwendani wake wa undani ilivyokuwa utotoni. Wanarudi [[Jaisalmer]] na Vijay anaapa kubadili mienendo na kuimarisha mchezo wake wa criketi. Alimhakikishia babake na Nandini kuwa anaweza kuichezea nchi yake na Kocha wake anamtegemea pia. Anateuliwa kwa mara nyingine katika kikosi cha kitaifa kucheza katika shindano kuu la kimataifa. Anapata jeraha wakati wa mchezo lakini bado anasisitiza kuendelea na mechi. Anashinda shindano hilo na kurudi nyumbani Jaisalmer, kumwona babake na Nandini. Vijay na babake wanapatana na wakati hali inaelekea kuwa sawa, Ram anaaga dunia katika mikono ya Vijay. Wanatayarisha mazishi na Vijay na Nandini wanaonekana wakifarijiana katika onyesho la mwisho. Tunajiamulia kuwa wanakuja pamoja kama wapenzi. Filamu inaishia Vijay akiichezea timu ya Taifa kwa mara nyingine, akichezea nchi yake, babake na dini yake. .<ref name="Victory"/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bollywoodworld.com/news/bwnews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1217313700&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& |title=Victory news!! |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2008-09-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080902105839/http://www.bollywoodworld.com/news/bwnews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1217313700&archive=&start_from=&ucat=& }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.chakpak.com/movie/victory/story/19615 |title=victory movie plot |accessdate=2010-01-21 |archivedate=2009-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308153514/http://chakpak.com/movie/victory/story/19615 }}</ref> ==Wahusika== {| class="wikitable" border="1" border="1" width="400px" |- bgcolor="#CCCCCC" ! Mwigizaji !! Jukumu<br/> la Uhusika |- | [[Harman Baweja]] || Vijay Shekhawat |- | [[Amrita Rao]] || Nandini |- | [[Anupam Kher]] || Ram Shekhawat |- | [[Gulshan Grover]] || Andy Singh |- | [[Dalip Tahil]] || Indian Team Coach |} ===Uonekanaji wa pekee=== ''Victory'' inawaangazia spesheli wengi wa wachezaji wa sasa na wa awali wa criketi ya kimtaifa kutoka [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Australia]], [[South Africa]], [[Sri Lanka]] na [[New Zealand]]. Hili limefanywa ili kuipa filamu uhalisi na uhai. Baadhi ya wachezaji walioangaziwa ni pamoja na: * [[Kamran Akmal]] * [[Mohinder Amarnath]] * [[Rao Iftikhar Anjum]] * [[Allan Border]] * [[Stuart Clark]] * [[Martin Crowe]] * [[Dilhara Fernando]] * [[Brad Haddin]] * [[Brad Hogg]] * [[Mike Hussey]] * [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] * [[Dean Jones]] * [[Simon Jones]] * [[Suresh Raina]] * [[Rohit Sharma]] * [[Dinesh Karthik]] * [[Praveen Kumar]] * [[Brett Lee]] * [[Farveez Maharoof]] * [[Sajid Mahmood]] * [[Shoaib Malik]] * [[Dimitri Mascarenhas]] * [[Ajantha Mendis]] * [[Albie Morkel]] * [[Morne Morkel]] * [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] * [[Ashish Nehra]] * [[Andre Nel]] * [[Yusuf Pathan]] * [[Ramesh Powar]] * [[Kumar Sangakkara]] * [[Ishant Sharma]] * [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] * [[Harbhajan Singh]] * [[Maninder Singh]] * [[RP Singh]] * [[Michael Slater]] * [[Graeme Smith]] * [[Pat Symcox]] * [[Sohail Tanvir]] * [[Chaminda Vaas]] * [[Atul Wassan]] * [[Waqar Younis]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1170411/ IMDb entry] * [http://www.victorythemovie.com/ Official website] * [http://victorymovingpictures.com/ Victory Moving Pictures] {{Wayback|url=http://victorymovingpictures.com/ |date=20090117054121 }} * [http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/13745/index.html Victory] at [[Bollywood Hungama]] * [http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/features/2009/01/30/4790/ Subhash K. Jah film review] [[Category:Filamu za India]] [[Category:filamu za 2009]] mdsomzoi6w1m0e444si0jqv9o8ie2e7 0 35914 1613824 1600515 2026-11-05T16:05:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Mariah Carey | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = 200px-MariahCarey-MCcover.jpg | Imetolewa = 12 Juni 1990 <small>{{Flag icon|US}}</small><br />17 Julai 1990 <small>{{Flag icon|UK}}</small> | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] | Urefu = 46:45 | Imerekodiwa = Desemba 1988 &ndash; Aprili 1990 | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-45202</small> | Mtayarishaji = Mariah Carey, [[Rhett Lawrence]], [[Ric Wake]], [[Narada Michael Walden]], [[Ben Margulies]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[Tommy Mottola]] <small>(executive)</small> | Review = *[[About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcareyfirst.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/mariah-carey-r3320 link] * [[Robert Christgau]] (C) [http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=877 link] | Albamu iliyopita = | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Mariah Carey'''''<br />(1990) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Emotions]]''<br />(1991) |}} '''''Mariah Carey''''' ni albamu kutoka kwa Mariah Carey yenye jina lake mwenyewe, iliyotoka nchini [[Marekani]] tarehe 12 Juni 1990, kupitia katika studio za [[Columbia Records]]. Japokuwa mauzo ya albamu hii kwa kiasi fulani yalikuwa madogo, lakini yalimafanya Carey kuwa nyota nyumbani kwao. Albamu hii ilifanikiwa kufikisha nyimbo kadhaa katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya [[Billboard]].ya single bora 100, huku albamu yenyewe ikikaa kwa kipindi cha majuma kumi na moja katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya [[Billboard 200]]. Albamu hii inashika nafasi ya ttu kwa upande wa mauzo ya albamu za Carey nchini Marekani, ikija baada ya ile ya ''[[Daydream]]'' ya mwaka 1995 na ile ya ''[[Music Box]]'' ya mwaka 1993. Albamu hii imefanikiwa kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 15 dunia nzima, .<ref>[http://www.ticketspecialists.com/concerts/mariah_carey_tickets.htm About Mariah Carey]</ref> == Mapokezi == Albamu ya ''Mariah Carey'' ilifanikiwa kufanya vizuri katika chati ya nchini Marekani ya [[Billboard 200]] na kufika hadi nafasi ya 80, na kuingia katika nyimbo ishirini bora katika juma la nne tangu iwe katika chati hiyo na hatimaye ilifika katika nfasi ya kwanza katika juma la arobaini na tatu, na kushikilia nafasi hio kwa kupindi cha majuma kumi na moja mfululizo. Hadi hii leo ,hii ndio albamu ya Carey iliyowahi kukaa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwa kipindi kirefu zaidi. wimbo huu uliendelea kukaa katika nyimbo ishirini bora kwa kipindi cha majuma sitini na tano, na kukaa katika nyimbo mia moja bora za Billboard kwa kipindi cha mjuma 113. Kwa mujibu wa shiria la[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] Albamu ya hii kutoka kwa Carey ni moja ya albamu zilizowahi kupata mauzo mazuri zaidi nchini Maekani, na hadi kufikia mwezi Machi mwaka 2006,albamu hii ilikuwa tayari imekwisha kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni nane nchini Maekani. <ref>Frere-Jones, Sasha. "On Top: Mariah Carey’s record-breaking career". ''[[The New Yorker]]''. 3 Aprili 2006. <!-- http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music --></ref> Pia ilikuwa albamu iliyoongoza kwa mauo kwa mwaka 1991 chini Marekani =.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1991 |title=The Billboard 200 1991 |accessdate=2012-06-29 |archive-date=2007-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211064035/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1991 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Lakini mafanikio ya albamu hii nje ya Marekani yalikwa ya wastani, lakini kwa uchache iliweza kupata mafanikio katika nchi za [[Canada]] ambapo ilikaa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwa wiki moja. .Albamu hii ilifika katika nafasi ya ita nchini Uingereza na Australia. Single kutoka katika albam ya ''Mariah Carey'' hazikupata mafanikio katika masoko mengi tofauti na masoko ya Marekani, na kumafanya Carey kung'aa katika maeneo hayo == Orodha ya nyimbo == <small>Nyimbo zote ziliandikwa na Carey kwa kushirikiana na [[Ben Margulies]], isipokuwa baadhi.</small> #"[[Vision of Love]]" – 3:30 #"[[There's Got to Be a Way]]" <small>(Carey, [[Ric Wake]])</small> – 4:54 #"[[I Don't Wanna Cry]]" <small>(Carey, [[Narada Michael Walden]])</small> – 4:49 #"[[Someday (Mariah Carey song)|Someday]]" – 4:08 #"Vanishing" – 4:12 #"All in Your Mind" – 4:46 #"Alone in Love" – 4:12 #"You Need Me" <small>(Carey, [[Rhett Lawrence]])</small> – 3:52 #"Sent from up Above" <small>(Carey, Lawrence)</small> – 4:05 #"Prisoner" – 4:25 #"[[Love Takes Time]]" – 3:49 ==Chati== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chart !Ilipata<br>nafasi !Certification !Sales/shipments |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|6 |align="center"|2x Platinum |align="center"|140,000<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|1 |align="center"|7x Platinum |align="center"|700,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|5 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|100,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |title=NVPI |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mlJ5UrTg?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |archivedate=2010-01-13 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |title=Finnish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903045220/http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref> |align="center"|13 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|17 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"|24 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|35 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|24 |align="center"|Gold |align="center"|50,000<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|13 |align="center"|Million |align="center"|1,000,000<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 |=https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |align="center"|4x Platinum |align="center"|60,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|35 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|8 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|100,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |title=IFPI Sweden |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217054255/http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |archivedate=2007-02-17 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|15 |align="center"|Gold |align="center"|25,000<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|6 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|300,000<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/ BPI]</ref> |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |align="center"|9x Platinum |align="center"|9,000,000<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH RIAA]</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{reflist|2}} {{Mariah Carey}} {{Mariah Carey singles}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1990]] dh89tmiv68u79ww9gomf80o5ooz1ddd 1614066 1613824 2026-11-05T21:41:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Mariah Carey | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = 200px-MariahCarey-MCcover.jpg | Imetolewa = 12 Juni 1990 <small>{{Flag icon|US}}</small><br />17 Julai 1990 <small>{{Flag icon|UK}}</small> | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]] | Urefu = 46:45 | Imerekodiwa = Desemba 1988 &ndash; Aprili 1990 | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-45202</small> | Mtayarishaji = Mariah Carey, [[Rhett Lawrence]], [[Ric Wake]], [[Narada Michael Walden]], [[Ben Margulies]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[Tommy Mottola]] <small>(executive)</small> | Review = *[[About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcareyfirst.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/mariah-carey-r3320 link] * [[Robert Christgau]] (C) [http://www.robertchristgau.com/get_artist.php?id=877 link] | Albamu iliyopita = | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Mariah Carey'''''<br />(1990) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Emotions]]''<br />(1991) |}} '''''Mariah Carey''''' ni albamu kutoka kwa Mariah Carey yenye jina lake mwenyewe, iliyotoka nchini [[Marekani]] tarehe 12 Juni 1990, kupitia katika studio za [[Columbia Records]]. Japokuwa mauzo ya albamu hii kwa kiasi fulani yalikuwa madogo, lakini yalimafanya Carey kuwa nyota nyumbani kwao. Albamu hii ilifanikiwa kufikisha nyimbo kadhaa katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya [[Billboard]].ya single bora 100, huku albamu yenyewe ikikaa kwa kipindi cha majuma kumi na moja katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya [[Billboard 200]]. Albamu hii inashika nafasi ya ttu kwa upande wa mauzo ya albamu za Carey nchini Marekani, ikija baada ya ile ya ''[[Daydream]]'' ya mwaka 1995 na ile ya ''[[Music Box]]'' ya mwaka 1993. Albamu hii imefanikiwa kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni 15 dunia nzima, .<ref>[http://www.ticketspecialists.com/concerts/mariah_carey_tickets.htm About Mariah Carey]</ref> == Mapokezi == Albamu ya ''Mariah Carey'' ilifanikiwa kufanya vizuri katika chati ya nchini Marekani ya [[Billboard 200]] na kufika hadi nafasi ya 80, na kuingia katika nyimbo ishirini bora katika juma la nne tangu iwe katika chati hiyo na hatimaye ilifika katika nfasi ya kwanza katika juma la arobaini na tatu, na kushikilia nafasi hio kwa kupindi cha majuma kumi na moja mfululizo. Hadi hii leo ,hii ndio albamu ya Carey iliyowahi kukaa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwa kipindi kirefu zaidi. wimbo huu uliendelea kukaa katika nyimbo ishirini bora kwa kipindi cha majuma sitini na tano, na kukaa katika nyimbo mia moja bora za Billboard kwa kipindi cha mjuma 113. Kwa mujibu wa shiria la[[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] Albamu ya hii kutoka kwa Carey ni moja ya albamu zilizowahi kupata mauzo mazuri zaidi nchini Maekani, na hadi kufikia mwezi Machi mwaka 2006,albamu hii ilikuwa tayari imekwisha kuuza nakala zaidi ya milioni nane nchini Maekani. <ref>Frere-Jones, Sasha. "On Top: Mariah Carey’s record-breaking career". ''[[The New Yorker]]''. 3 Aprili 2006. <!-- http://www.newyorker.com/critics/music/?060403crmu_music --></ref> Pia ilikuwa albamu iliyoongoza kwa mauo kwa mwaka 1991 chini Marekani =.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1991 |title=The Billboard 200 1991 |accessdate=2012-06-29 |archive-date=2007-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211064035/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/yearend_chart_display.jsp?f=The+Billboard+200&g=Year-end+Albums&year=1991 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Lakini mafanikio ya albamu hii nje ya Marekani yalikwa ya wastani, lakini kwa uchache iliweza kupata mafanikio katika nchi za [[Canada]] ambapo ilikaa katika nafasi ya kwanza kwa wiki moja. .Albamu hii ilifika katika nafasi ya ita nchini Uingereza na Australia. Single kutoka katika albam ya ''Mariah Carey'' hazikupata mafanikio katika masoko mengi tofauti na masoko ya Marekani, na kumafanya Carey kung'aa katika maeneo hayo == Orodha ya nyimbo == <small>Nyimbo zote ziliandikwa na Carey kwa kushirikiana na [[Ben Margulies]], isipokuwa baadhi.</small> #"[[Vision of Love]]" – 3:30 #"[[There's Got to Be a Way]]" <small>(Carey, [[Ric Wake]])</small> – 4:54 #"[[I Don't Wanna Cry]]" <small>(Carey, [[Narada Michael Walden]])</small> – 4:49 #"[[Someday (Mariah Carey song)|Someday]]" – 4:08 #"Vanishing" – 4:12 #"All in Your Mind" – 4:46 #"Alone in Love" – 4:12 #"You Need Me" <small>(Carey, [[Rhett Lawrence]])</small> – 3:52 #"Sent from up Above" <small>(Carey, Lawrence)</small> – 4:05 #"Prisoner" – 4:25 #"[[Love Takes Time]]" – 3:49 ==Chati== {|class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chart !Ilipata<br>nafasi !Certification !Sales/shipments |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|6 |align="center"|2x Platinum |align="center"|140,000<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|1 |align="center"|7x Platinum |align="center"|700,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|5 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|100,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |title=NVPI |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mlJ5UrTg?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |archivedate=2010-01-13 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |title=Finnish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903045220/http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref> |align="center"|13 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|17 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"|24 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|35 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|24 |align="center"|Gold |align="center"|50,000<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|13 |align="center"|Million |align="center"|1,000,000<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 |=https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |align="center"|4x Platinum |align="center"|60,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|35 |align="center"| |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|8 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|100,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |title=IFPI Sweden |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217054255/http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |archivedate=2007-02-17 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|15 |align="center"|Gold |align="center"|25,000<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|6 |align="center"|Platinum |align="center"|300,000<ref>[http://www.bpi.co.uk/ BPI]</ref> |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-01-27 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |align="center"|9x Platinum |align="center"|9,000,000<ref>[http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH RIAA]</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{reflist|2}} {{Mariah Carey}} {{Mariah Carey singles}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1990]] ickp71jks1y38rh3c1fawh4zvdnpnm1 0 36426 1614015 1601392 2026-11-05T20:36:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614015 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = Todd Smith |Type = [[Album]] |Msanii = [[LL Cool J]] |Cover = Ll-cool-j-Todd_Smith.jpg |Imetolewa = 11 Aprili 2006 |Imerekodiwa = 2005-2006 |Aina = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] |Urefu = 51:47 |Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] |Mtayarishaji = [[Trackmasters]] |Review = * [[About.com]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://rap.about.com/od/albumreviews/fr/ToddSmithReview.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/todd-smith-r823098 link] * [[Rolling Stone]] {{Rating|1|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/9553551/review/9961250/todd_smith link] * [[XXL (magazine)|XXL Magazine]] [http://xxlmag.com/online/?p=1189 link] * HipHopDX.com {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/reviews/id.635/title.gnarls-barkley-st-elsewhere link] * RapReviews.com (7.5/10) [http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2006_04_toddsmith.html link] |Albamu iliyopita = ''[[The DEFinition]]'' <br />(2004) |Albamu ya sasa = '''''Todd Smith'''''<br />(2006) |Albamu ijayo = ''[[Exit 13]]''<br />(2008) {{Singles |Jina = Todd Smith |Type = studio |single 1 = [[It's LL And Santana]] / What You Want |single 1 tarehe = 10 Januari 2006 |single 2 = [[Control Myself]] |single 2 tarehe = 1 Februari 2006 |single 3 = [[Freeze]] |single 3 tarehe = 2006 }}}} '''''Todd Smith''''' ni albamu ya 11 (ya 12 kwa ujumla) ya [[rapa]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] [[LL Cool J]]. Albamu ilitolewa mnamo tar. [[11 Aprili]] [[2006]]. Inamjulisha ushirikiano wake na baadhi ya wasanii kama vile [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Pharrell]], [[Juelz Santana]], [[Teairra Mari]], [[Ginuwine]], [[Mary J. Blige]], [[112 (bendi)|112]], [[Mary Mary]], [[Ryan Toby]] (kutoka [[City High]]) na [[Freeway]]. == Maelezo ya albamu == Single ya kwanza ni "[[Control Myself]]", ambayo imetayarishwa na [[Jermaine Dupri]], ambayo pia ni ushirikiano wake mwingine na mwimbaji [[Jennifer Lopez]] baada ya ile ya kwanza ya "[[All I Have]]" kwenye albamu ya Lopez ya 2002, ''[[This Is Me... Then]]''. LL Cool J na Jennifer Lopez walipiga video ya "[[Control Myself]]" mnamo tar. [[2 Januari]] [[2006]] katika studio za Sony, New York. Video ilipigwa na [[Hype Williams]]. Awali, wimbo ilibidi ashirikishwe Fergie (kutoka katika kundi la [[The Black Eyed Peas]]), hata hivyo makubaliano ya kimalipo yameleta shida na kupelekea nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Jennifer Lopez. ''Todd Smith'' imepata tahakiki za ajabu, japokuwa watathmini wengi walifurahishwa sana na kibao cha "Preserve The Sexy" na "Freeze". Freeze kilikuwa kibao cha pili kutoka katika albamu na kimemshirikisha msanii kama Lyfe Jennings. Albamu ilipeleka nakala 500,000 nchi za nje, lakini imeuza nakala 367,000 katika hizo. Waliotayarisha albamu hii ni pamoja na [[Pharrell]], [[Scott Storch]], Bink, Shea Taylor, Keezo Kane na [[Trackmasters Entertainment|Trackmasters]]. Albamu iliingia kwenye chati za [[Billboard]] #6, na kuuza kopi 116,000 na kushika nafasi ya #79 kwenye chati za albamu za UK na nafasi ya #40 nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=CANOE - JAM! Music SoundScan Charts<!-- Bot generated title --> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Albamu imetunukiwa '''Dhahabu''' na RIAA.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www6.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=202&news_id=101976 |title=LL Cool J official website @ defjam.com - News<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2010-02-06 |archive-date=2006-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618110440/http://www6.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=202&news_id=101976 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Orodha ya nyimbo == # "It's LL And Santana" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Juelz Santana]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Shea Taylor)</small> # "[[Control Myself]]" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Jennifer Lopez]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Jermaine Dupri]])</small> # "Favorite Flavor" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Mary J. Blige]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Trackmasters]])</small> # "Freeze" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Lyfe Jennings]])''' (Imetayarishwa na LL Cool J)</small> # "Best Dress" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Jamie Foxx]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[The Neptunes]])</small> # "Preserve the Sexy" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Teairra Mari]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Keezo Kane]])</small> # "What You Want" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Freeway]])''' (Imetayarishwa na The Narcotics)</small> # "I've Changed" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Ryan Toby]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "Ooh Wee" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Ginuwine]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Scott Storch]])</small> # "#1 Fan" <small>(Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "Down the Aisle" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[112 (band)|112]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "We're Gonna Make It" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Mary Mary]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Bink]])</small> # "[[So Sick]] (Remix)" <small>'''([[Ne-Yo]] akimshirikisha LL Cool J)''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters) ([[US]] [[Bonus track]])</small> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528066/20060406/ll_cool_j.jhtml?headlines=true MTV Interview regarding the album] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528066/20060406/ll_cool_j.jhtml?headlines=true |date=20090114063931 }} {{LL Cool J}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2006]] [[Jamii:Albamu za LL Cool J]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Scott Storch]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na The Neptunes]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Trackmasters]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Jermaine Dupri]] bfl2qsfsfo7bsjss8tmj8zouucknxx6 1614098 1614015 2026-11-05T23:34:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album |Jina = Todd Smith |Type = [[Album]] |Msanii = [[LL Cool J]] |Cover = Ll-cool-j-Todd_Smith.jpg |Imetolewa = 11 Aprili 2006 |Imerekodiwa = 2005-2006 |Aina = [[Hip hop music|Hip hop]] |Urefu = 51:47 |Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] |Mtayarishaji = [[Trackmasters]] |Review = * [[About.com]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://rap.about.com/od/albumreviews/fr/ToddSmithReview.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/todd-smith-r823098 link] * [[Rolling Stone]] {{Rating|1|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/album/9553551/review/9961250/todd_smith link] * [[XXL (magazine)|XXL Magazine]] [http://xxlmag.com/online/?p=1189 link] * HipHopDX.com {{Rating|2.5|5}} [http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/reviews/id.635/title.gnarls-barkley-st-elsewhere link] * RapReviews.com (7.5/10) [http://www.rapreviews.com/archive/2006_04_toddsmith.html link] |Albamu iliyopita = ''[[The DEFinition]]'' <br />(2004) |Albamu ya sasa = '''''Todd Smith'''''<br />(2006) |Albamu ijayo = ''[[Exit 13]]''<br />(2008) {{Singles |Jina = Todd Smith |Type = studio |single 1 = [[It's LL And Santana]] / What You Want |single 1 tarehe = 10 Januari 2006 |single 2 = [[Control Myself]] |single 2 tarehe = 1 Februari 2006 |single 3 = [[Freeze]] |single 3 tarehe = 2006 }}}} '''''Todd Smith''''' ni albamu ya 11 (ya 12 kwa ujumla) ya [[rapa]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]] [[LL Cool J]]. Albamu ilitolewa mnamo tar. [[11 Aprili]] [[2006]]. Inamjulisha ushirikiano wake na baadhi ya wasanii kama vile [[Jennifer Lopez]], [[Pharrell]], [[Juelz Santana]], [[Teairra Mari]], [[Ginuwine]], [[Mary J. Blige]], [[112 (bendi)|112]], [[Mary Mary]], [[Ryan Toby]] (kutoka [[City High]]) na [[Freeway]]. == Maelezo ya albamu == Single ya kwanza ni "[[Control Myself]]", ambayo imetayarishwa na [[Jermaine Dupri]], ambayo pia ni ushirikiano wake mwingine na mwimbaji [[Jennifer Lopez]] baada ya ile ya kwanza ya "[[All I Have]]" kwenye albamu ya Lopez ya 2002, ''[[This Is Me... Then]]''. LL Cool J na Jennifer Lopez walipiga video ya "[[Control Myself]]" mnamo tar. [[2 Januari]] [[2006]] katika studio za Sony, New York. Video ilipigwa na [[Hype Williams]]. Awali, wimbo ilibidi ashirikishwe Fergie (kutoka katika kundi la [[The Black Eyed Peas]]), hata hivyo makubaliano ya kimalipo yameleta shida na kupelekea nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Jennifer Lopez. ''Todd Smith'' imepata tahakiki za ajabu, japokuwa watathmini wengi walifurahishwa sana na kibao cha "Preserve The Sexy" na "Freeze". Freeze kilikuwa kibao cha pili kutoka katika albamu na kimemshirikisha msanii kama Lyfe Jennings. Albamu ilipeleka nakala 500,000 nchi za nje, lakini imeuza nakala 367,000 katika hizo. Waliotayarisha albamu hii ni pamoja na [[Pharrell]], [[Scott Storch]], Bink, Shea Taylor, Keezo Kane na [[Trackmasters Entertainment|Trackmasters]]. Albamu iliingia kwenye chati za [[Billboard]] #6, na kuuza kopi 116,000 na kushika nafasi ya #79 kwenye chati za albamu za UK na nafasi ya #40 nchini [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=CANOE - JAM! Music SoundScan Charts<!-- Bot generated title --> |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Albamu imetunukiwa '''Dhahabu''' na RIAA.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www6.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=202&news_id=101976 |title=LL Cool J official website @ defjam.com - News<!-- Bot generated title --> |accessdate=2010-02-06 |archive-date=2006-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060618110440/http://www6.defjam.com/site/artist_news.php?artist_id=202&news_id=101976 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Orodha ya nyimbo == # "It's LL And Santana" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Juelz Santana]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Shea Taylor)</small> # "[[Control Myself]]" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Jennifer Lopez]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Jermaine Dupri]])</small> # "Favorite Flavor" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Mary J. Blige]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Trackmasters]])</small> # "Freeze" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Lyfe Jennings]])''' (Imetayarishwa na LL Cool J)</small> # "Best Dress" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Jamie Foxx]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[The Neptunes]])</small> # "Preserve the Sexy" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Teairra Mari]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Keezo Kane]])</small> # "What You Want" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Freeway]])''' (Imetayarishwa na The Narcotics)</small> # "I've Changed" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Ryan Toby]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "Ooh Wee" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Ginuwine]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Scott Storch]])</small> # "#1 Fan" <small>(Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "Down the Aisle" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[112 (band)|112]])''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters)</small> # "We're Gonna Make It" <small>'''(akimshirikisha [[Mary Mary]])''' (Imetayarishwa na [[Bink]])</small> # "[[So Sick]] (Remix)" <small>'''([[Ne-Yo]] akimshirikisha LL Cool J)''' (Imetayarishwa na Trackmasters) ([[US]] [[Bonus track]])</small> == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528066/20060406/ll_cool_j.jhtml?headlines=true MTV Interview regarding the album] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528066/20060406/ll_cool_j.jhtml?headlines=true |date=20090114063931 }} {{LL Cool J}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Albamu za 2006]] [[Jamii:Albamu za LL Cool J]] [[Jamii:Albamu za Def Jam Recordings]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Scott Storch]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na The Neptunes]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Trackmasters]] [[Jamii:Albamu zilizotayarishwa na Jermaine Dupri]] ayvziy31vatguy7gqutuvqunwmlgbo0 0 39378 1613866 1607719 2026-11-05T17:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Music Box | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = Mariahcarey musicbox.jpg | Imetolewa = 17 Agosti 1993 <small>(UK)</small><br />31 Agosti 1993 <small>(U.S.)</small> | Imerekodiwa = Agosti 1992—Mei 1993 at Right Track Studios, Sony Studios, Axis Studios, Electric Lady Studios, House of Sound Studios ([[NY]]), The Plant Studios ([[Sausalito, CA]]), The Record Plant ([[Los Angeles, CA]]), & Criteria Recording Studios ([[Miami, FL]]) | Aina = [[Pop]], [[Rhythm na blues|R&B]], [[Adult Contemporary]] | Urefu = 41:58 <small>(North American edition)</small><br />47:25 <small>(international edition)</small><br />46:19 <small>(Latin American edition)</small> | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-53205</small>| | Mtayarishaji = [[Mariah Carey]], [[Dave Hall (record producer)|Dave Hall]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Robert Clivillés]], [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]], & [[Daryl Simmons]] | Review = *[[About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcmbox.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/music-box-r186574 link] * {{Review-Christgau|dud|artist=877}} * ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/mariahcarey/albums/album/240200/review/5943845/music_box link] | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Emotions (album)|Emotions]]''<br />(1991) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Music Box'''''<br />(1993) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]''<br />(1994) }} '''''Music Box''''' ni albamu ya nne, na albamu ya tatu ya studio kutoka kwa mwanamuziki wa nchini [[Marekani]] anayeimba miondoko ya R&B, [[Mariah Carey]]. Albamu hii ilitolewa na kupitia studio za [[Columbia records]] tarehe 31 Agosti 1993, katika Amerika ya kusini. Albamu hii inajumuisha mashairi yaliyotungwa na Mariah mwenyewe lakini akishirikiana na [[Walter Afanasieff]] ambaye amewahi kufanya nae kazi hapo awali katika albamu ya ''[[Emotions (albamu)]] mwaka 1991. Katika albamu hii, Mariah ameweza kushirikiana na waimbaji wengine mashuhuri kama vile [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]] na [[Robert Clivillés]], [[David Cole]] Single inayoongoza katika albamu hii, inayojulikana kama vile ''[[Dreamlover]]'', wimbo huu ulikuwa wimbo uliopata mafanikio zaidi wakati wa kutolewa, ulifanikiwa kufika katika nafasi ya kwanza katika shati ya muziki ya Marekani, na halikadhalika katika chati ya single ya nchini Kanada. Wimbo wa ''[[Without You]]'' ulikuwa wimbo wa kwanza kufika katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya muziki ya [[Uingereza]] na nchini nyinhine kadhaa katika bara la Ulaya. Mariah aliteuliwa kugombea tuzo za "[[Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]]" katika wimbo wa "Dreamlover" katika [[Grammy Awards of 1994]] lakini alishindwa kupata tuzo hiyo, na badala yake ilichukuliwa na [[Whitney Houston]]; baadae alipata nafasi ya kugombea tena nafasi hiyo kupitia wimbo wake wa "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" katika tuzo ya [[Grammy Awards of 1995]] lakini kwa mara nyingine tena hakuweza kupata tuzo hiyo. Lakini pamoja na yote hayoAlbamu ya ''Music Box'' inabaki kuwa moja kati ya albamu zilizowahi kufanya vizuri zaidi katika mauzo, kwa kufanikiwa kuuza zaidi ya nakala milioni 28. == Mapokezi == ''Music Box'' iliingia katika chati ya muziki ya Marekani [[Billboard 200]] na kufikia katika nafasi ya pili, kutokana na kupata mafanikio makubwa katika mauzo kiasi cha kuuza nakala 174,000, ilifanikiwa kufika kaatika nafasi ya kwanza baada ya wiki sita tangu itolewe. Albamu hii ilipata mafanikio zaidi kwa upandwe wa mauzo kaatika wiki ya 15, ambapo hapo ilipata kuuza nakala takribani 505,000. Ilifanikiwa kukaa katika nafasi kwanza kwa jumla ya wiki nane zisizo za mfululizo. Ilikaa katika albamu kumi bora kwa kwa kipindi cha week thelathini na katika chati ya Billboard kwa wiki 128, (hii ikiwa ni zaidi ya miaka miwili, hali ambayo hakuwahi kutokea katika albamu zake zilizopita. Mwaka 1994, albamu hii ilishika nafasi ya pili katika albamu iliyoongoza kwa mauzo nchini Marekani. == Orodha ya Nyimbo == # "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" <small>([[Mariah Carey]], [[Dave Hall (record producer)|Dave Hall]])</small> – 3:54 # "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" <small>(Carey, [[Walter Afanasieff]])</small> – 4:19 # "[[Anytime You Need a Friend]]" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:26 # "Music Box" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:57 # "Now That I Know" <small>(Carey, [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Robert Clivillés]])</small> – 4:19 # "[[Never Forget You]]" <small>(Carey, Babyface, [[Daryl Simmons]])</small> – 3:46 # "[[Without You (Badfinger song)#Mariah Carey version|Without You]]" <small>([[Peter Ham]], [[Tom Evans (musician)|Tom Evans]])</small> – 3:36 # "Just to Hold You Once Again" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 3:59 # "I've Been Thinking About You" <small>(Carey, Cole, Clivillés)</small> – 4:48 # "All I've Ever Wanted" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 3:51 '''International edition'''<br /> 11. "Everything Fades Away" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 5:25 '''Latin American edition'''<br /> 11. "Héroe" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:19 == Wafanyakazi == === Wanamuziki === * Mariah Carey - lead vocals, background vocals * Walter Afanazieff - keyboards, additional keyboards, synthesizers, rhythm programming, Hammond B3 organ, bass, Synclavier acoustic guitar (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Dave Hall - synthesizers, keyboards, rhythm programming (track 1) * David Cole - keyboards (tracks 5, 9) * Babyface - keyboards, percussion, background vocals (track 6) * Ren Klyce - Akai and Roland programming (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Gary Cirimelli - MacIntosh and synthesizer programming (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Ricky Crespo - programming (tracks 5, 9) * Shawn Lucas - programming (tracks 5, 9) * James T. Alfano - programming (tracks 5, 9) * [[Michael Landau]] - guitars (tracks 2-4, 8) * Kayo - bass (track 6) * Robert Clivilles - drums, percussion (tracks 5, 9) * Mark C. Rooney - background vocals (tracks 3-4) * Cindy Mizelle - background vocals (track 3) * Melonie Daniels - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) * [[Kelly Price]] - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) * Shanrae Price - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) === Watayarishaji === * Mariah Carey - arranger * Dave Hall - arranger (track 1) * Walter Afanasieff - arranger (tracks 2-4, 7-8, 10) * Robert Clivilles - arrager (tracks 6, 9) * David Cole - arranger (tracks 6, 9) * Babyface - arranger (track 6) * Daryl Simmons - (track 6) * Bob Rosa - engineer, mix engineer (track 1, 5, 9) * David Gleeson - engineer (track 2) * Dana Jon Chappelle - engineer, vocal engineering * Acar Key - engineer (tracks 5, 9) * Frank Filipetti - engineer (tracks 5, 9) * Jim Zumpano - engineer (track 6) * Jim Caruana - 2nd engineer * Jen Monnar - 2nd engineer (tracks 2-3, 8, 10) * Manny LaCarrubba - 2nd engineer, additional engineering (tracks 2, 4, 7) * Kyle Bess - 2nd engineer (tracks 2-4, 8) * Kent Matcke - 2nd engineer (track 7) * Mark Krieg - 2nd engineer (track 9) * Kirk Yano - additional tracking engineer (tracks 1) * Mick Guzauski - mixing (tracks 1-4, 6-10) * [[Bob Ludwig]] - mastering, Gateway Master Studios [[Portland, ME]] == Chati na Tuzi == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chati !Ilipata<br />nafasi |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart<ref>[http://oe3.orf.at/charts/ Austrian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Belgian Wallonia Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/weekchart.asp?cat=a Wallonia Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|34 |- |align="left"|Brazilian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |title=ABPD |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519083331/http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |archivedate=2009-05-19 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|5 |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.yle.fi/lista/listat/albumit.php Finnish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Hong Kong Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/hongkong/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102052041/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/hongkong/index.shtml }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Mexican Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 |https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |=https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Polish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Singapore Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|South Korea Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|3 |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Taiwan Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |} {{col-2}} === Tuzo === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country <small>(Provider)</small> ![[Music recording sales certifications|Certification]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording sales certifications|sales thresholds]])</small> |- |align="left"|Australia <small>([[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]])</small> |align="center"|11x Platinum<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Austria <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=IFPI Austria |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Belgium <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/nl/certifications.asp?year=2009 IFPI Belgium]</ref> |- |align="left"|Brazil <small>([[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|ABPD]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |title=ABPD |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519083331/http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |archivedate=2009-05-19 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Canada <small>([[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]])</small> |align="center"|7x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Finland <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/haku/?q=mariah%20carey&national=0&type=album |title=IFPI Finland |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924212819/http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/haku/?q=Mariah%20Carey&national=0&type=album }}</ref> |- |align="left"|France <small>([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])</small> |align="center"|Diamond<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102021/http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0 |archivedate=2008-11-20 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Germany <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Music+Box IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Hong Kong <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Music+Box IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Italy <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japan <small>([[Recording Industry Association of Japan|RIAJ]])</small> |align="center"|Million<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|Mexico <small>([[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|AMPROFON]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/mexico/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106232727/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/mexico/index.shtml }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Netherlands <small>([[NVPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |title=NVPI |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mlJ5UrTg?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |archivedate=2010-01-13 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand <small>([[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|RIANZ]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norway <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |title=IFPI Norway |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Poland <small>([[ZPAV]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/poland/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Singapore <small>(RIAS)</small> |align="center"|8x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/singapore/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|South Korea <small>(Hanteo)</small> |align="center"|10x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/southkorea/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Spain <small>([[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=PROMUSICAE |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Sweden <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |title=IFPI Sweden |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217054255/http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |archivedate=2007-02-17 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Switzerland <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|Taiwan <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|10x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/taiwan/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2014-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620025716/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/taiwan/index.shtml }}</ref> |- |align="left"|United Kingdom <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-17 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx }}</ref> |- |align="left"|United States <small>([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])</small> |align="center"|Diamond<ref>http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH</ref> |- |} {{col-end}} * Most certifications are from old criterion (Sales may be higher than the certification level says now). == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mariah Carey}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1993]] jsx47wpevzdlfdtove6w8wrdxt9fd86 1614078 1613866 2026-11-05T22:30:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Music Box | Type = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = Mariahcarey musicbox.jpg | Imetolewa = 17 Agosti 1993 <small>(UK)</small><br />31 Agosti 1993 <small>(U.S.)</small> | Imerekodiwa = Agosti 1992—Mei 1993 at Right Track Studios, Sony Studios, Axis Studios, Electric Lady Studios, House of Sound Studios ([[NY]]), The Plant Studios ([[Sausalito, CA]]), The Record Plant ([[Los Angeles, CA]]), & Criteria Recording Studios ([[Miami, FL]]) | Aina = [[Pop]], [[Rhythm na blues|R&B]], [[Adult Contemporary]] | Urefu = 41:58 <small>(North American edition)</small><br />47:25 <small>(international edition)</small><br />46:19 <small>(Latin American edition)</small> | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-53205</small>| | Mtayarishaji = [[Mariah Carey]], [[Dave Hall (record producer)|Dave Hall]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Robert Clivillés]], [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]], & [[Daryl Simmons]] | Review = *[[About.com]] {{Rating|3.5|5}} [http://top40.about.com/od/reviews/gr/mcmbox.htm link] * [[Allmusic]] {{Rating|4|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/album/music-box-r186574 link] * {{Review-Christgau|dud|artist=877}} * ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/mariahcarey/albums/album/240200/review/5943845/music_box link] | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Emotions (album)|Emotions]]''<br />(1991) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Music Box'''''<br />(1993) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)|Merry Christmas]]''<br />(1994) }} '''''Music Box''''' ni albamu ya nne, na albamu ya tatu ya studio kutoka kwa mwanamuziki wa nchini [[Marekani]] anayeimba miondoko ya R&B, [[Mariah Carey]]. Albamu hii ilitolewa na kupitia studio za [[Columbia records]] tarehe 31 Agosti 1993, katika Amerika ya kusini. Albamu hii inajumuisha mashairi yaliyotungwa na Mariah mwenyewe lakini akishirikiana na [[Walter Afanasieff]] ambaye amewahi kufanya nae kazi hapo awali katika albamu ya ''[[Emotions (albamu)]] mwaka 1991. Katika albamu hii, Mariah ameweza kushirikiana na waimbaji wengine mashuhuri kama vile [[Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds|Babyface]] na [[Robert Clivillés]], [[David Cole]] Single inayoongoza katika albamu hii, inayojulikana kama vile ''[[Dreamlover]]'', wimbo huu ulikuwa wimbo uliopata mafanikio zaidi wakati wa kutolewa, ulifanikiwa kufika katika nafasi ya kwanza katika shati ya muziki ya Marekani, na halikadhalika katika chati ya single ya nchini Kanada. Wimbo wa ''[[Without You]]'' ulikuwa wimbo wa kwanza kufika katika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya muziki ya [[Uingereza]] na nchini nyinhine kadhaa katika bara la Ulaya. Mariah aliteuliwa kugombea tuzo za "[[Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance|Best Female Pop Vocal Performance]]" katika wimbo wa "Dreamlover" katika [[Grammy Awards of 1994]] lakini alishindwa kupata tuzo hiyo, na badala yake ilichukuliwa na [[Whitney Houston]]; baadae alipata nafasi ya kugombea tena nafasi hiyo kupitia wimbo wake wa "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" katika tuzo ya [[Grammy Awards of 1995]] lakini kwa mara nyingine tena hakuweza kupata tuzo hiyo. Lakini pamoja na yote hayoAlbamu ya ''Music Box'' inabaki kuwa moja kati ya albamu zilizowahi kufanya vizuri zaidi katika mauzo, kwa kufanikiwa kuuza zaidi ya nakala milioni 28. == Mapokezi == ''Music Box'' iliingia katika chati ya muziki ya Marekani [[Billboard 200]] na kufikia katika nafasi ya pili, kutokana na kupata mafanikio makubwa katika mauzo kiasi cha kuuza nakala 174,000, ilifanikiwa kufika kaatika nafasi ya kwanza baada ya wiki sita tangu itolewe. Albamu hii ilipata mafanikio zaidi kwa upandwe wa mauzo kaatika wiki ya 15, ambapo hapo ilipata kuuza nakala takribani 505,000. Ilifanikiwa kukaa katika nafasi kwanza kwa jumla ya wiki nane zisizo za mfululizo. Ilikaa katika albamu kumi bora kwa kwa kipindi cha week thelathini na katika chati ya Billboard kwa wiki 128, (hii ikiwa ni zaidi ya miaka miwili, hali ambayo hakuwahi kutokea katika albamu zake zilizopita. Mwaka 1994, albamu hii ilishika nafasi ya pili katika albamu iliyoongoza kwa mauzo nchini Marekani. == Orodha ya Nyimbo == # "[[Dreamlover (song)|Dreamlover]]" <small>([[Mariah Carey]], [[Dave Hall (record producer)|Dave Hall]])</small> – 3:54 # "[[Hero (Mariah Carey song)|Hero]]" <small>(Carey, [[Walter Afanasieff]])</small> – 4:19 # "[[Anytime You Need a Friend]]" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:26 # "Music Box" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:57 # "Now That I Know" <small>(Carey, [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Robert Clivillés]])</small> – 4:19 # "[[Never Forget You]]" <small>(Carey, Babyface, [[Daryl Simmons]])</small> – 3:46 # "[[Without You (Badfinger song)#Mariah Carey version|Without You]]" <small>([[Peter Ham]], [[Tom Evans (musician)|Tom Evans]])</small> – 3:36 # "Just to Hold You Once Again" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 3:59 # "I've Been Thinking About You" <small>(Carey, Cole, Clivillés)</small> – 4:48 # "All I've Ever Wanted" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 3:51 '''International edition'''<br /> 11. "Everything Fades Away" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 5:25 '''Latin American edition'''<br /> 11. "Héroe" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:19 == Wafanyakazi == === Wanamuziki === * Mariah Carey - lead vocals, background vocals * Walter Afanazieff - keyboards, additional keyboards, synthesizers, rhythm programming, Hammond B3 organ, bass, Synclavier acoustic guitar (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Dave Hall - synthesizers, keyboards, rhythm programming (track 1) * David Cole - keyboards (tracks 5, 9) * Babyface - keyboards, percussion, background vocals (track 6) * Ren Klyce - Akai and Roland programming (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Gary Cirimelli - MacIntosh and synthesizer programming (tracks 1-4, 7-8, 10) * Ricky Crespo - programming (tracks 5, 9) * Shawn Lucas - programming (tracks 5, 9) * James T. Alfano - programming (tracks 5, 9) * [[Michael Landau]] - guitars (tracks 2-4, 8) * Kayo - bass (track 6) * Robert Clivilles - drums, percussion (tracks 5, 9) * Mark C. Rooney - background vocals (tracks 3-4) * Cindy Mizelle - background vocals (track 3) * Melonie Daniels - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) * [[Kelly Price]] - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) * Shanrae Price - background vocals (track 3, 5, 7-9) === Watayarishaji === * Mariah Carey - arranger * Dave Hall - arranger (track 1) * Walter Afanasieff - arranger (tracks 2-4, 7-8, 10) * Robert Clivilles - arrager (tracks 6, 9) * David Cole - arranger (tracks 6, 9) * Babyface - arranger (track 6) * Daryl Simmons - (track 6) * Bob Rosa - engineer, mix engineer (track 1, 5, 9) * David Gleeson - engineer (track 2) * Dana Jon Chappelle - engineer, vocal engineering * Acar Key - engineer (tracks 5, 9) * Frank Filipetti - engineer (tracks 5, 9) * Jim Zumpano - engineer (track 6) * Jim Caruana - 2nd engineer * Jen Monnar - 2nd engineer (tracks 2-3, 8, 10) * Manny LaCarrubba - 2nd engineer, additional engineering (tracks 2, 4, 7) * Kyle Bess - 2nd engineer (tracks 2-4, 8) * Kent Matcke - 2nd engineer (track 7) * Mark Krieg - 2nd engineer (track 9) * Kirk Yano - additional tracking engineer (tracks 1) * Mick Guzauski - mixing (tracks 1-4, 6-10) * [[Bob Ludwig]] - mastering, Gateway Master Studios [[Portland, ME]] == Chati na Tuzi == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chati !Ilipata<br />nafasi |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart<ref>[http://oe3.orf.at/charts/ Austrian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Belgian Wallonia Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/weekchart.asp?cat=a Wallonia Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|34 |- |align="left"|Brazilian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |title=ABPD |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519083331/http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |archivedate=2009-05-19 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|5 |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.yle.fi/lista/listat/albumit.php Finnish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Hong Kong Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/hongkong/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-01-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102052041/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/hongkong/index.shtml }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Mexican Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 |https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |=https://www.webcitation.org/5wChHAS9r?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Polish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Singapore Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|South Korea Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|3 |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Taiwan Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |} {{col-2}} === Tuzo === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country <small>(Provider)</small> ![[Music recording sales certifications|Certification]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording sales certifications|sales thresholds]])</small> |- |align="left"|Australia <small>([[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]])</small> |align="center"|11x Platinum<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Austria <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=IFPI Austria |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Belgium <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.ultratop.be/nl/certifications.asp?year=2009 IFPI Belgium]</ref> |- |align="left"|Brazil <small>([[Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos|ABPD]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |title=ABPD |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090519083331/http://www.abpd.org.br/certificados.asp |archivedate=2009-05-19 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Canada <small>([[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]])</small> |align="center"|7x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Finland <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/haku/?q=mariah%20carey&national=0&type=album |title=IFPI Finland |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-09-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924212819/http://www.ifpi.fi/tilastot/kultalevyt/haku/?q=Mariah%20Carey&national=0&type=album }}</ref> |- |align="left"|France <small>([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])</small> |align="center"|Diamond<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120102021/http://www.infodisc.fr/CDCertif_D.php?debut=0 |archivedate=2008-11-20 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Germany <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Music+Box IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Hong Kong <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Music+Box IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Italy <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japan <small>([[Recording Industry Association of Japan|RIAJ]])</small> |align="center"|Million<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|Mexico <small>([[Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas|AMPROFON]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/mexico/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106232727/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/mexico/index.shtml }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Netherlands <small>([[NVPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |title=NVPI |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mlJ5UrTg?url=http://www.nvpi.nl/nvpi/pagina.asp?pagkey=60461 |archivedate=2010-01-13 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand <small>([[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|RIANZ]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norway <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |title=IFPI Norway |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Poland <small>([[ZPAV]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/poland/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Singapore <small>(RIAS)</small> |align="center"|8x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/singapore/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|South Korea <small>(Hanteo)</small> |align="center"|10x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/southkorea/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Spain <small>([[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=PROMUSICAE |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Sweden <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |title=IFPI Sweden |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070217054255/http://www.ifpi.se/goldplatinum.aspx |archivedate=2007-02-17 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Switzerland <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|Taiwan <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|10x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/taiwan/index.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2014-06-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620025716/http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/taiwan/index.shtml }}</ref> |- |align="left"|United Kingdom <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|5x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-17 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |=https://www.webcitation.org/5mr0Evm3j?url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx }}</ref> |- |align="left"|United States <small>([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])</small> |align="center"|Diamond<ref>http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH</ref> |- |} {{col-end}} * Most certifications are from old criterion (Sales may be higher than the certification level says now). == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mariah Carey}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1993]] d1j8o3u94vbiih3kk60q0pmz8ocbpwj 0 39385 1613842 1600627 2026-11-05T16:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Merry Christmas | Aina = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = Mariahcareymerrychristmas.jpg | Ilitolewa = 1 Novemba 1994 | Ilirekodiwa = Desemba 1993<ref>http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADE1195AB58FCC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>-1994 | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[Christmas music]] | Urefu = 42:17 | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-64222</small> | Watayarishaji = [[Mariah Carey]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[Robert Clivillés]], [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Loris Holland]] | Reviews = *[[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:8x68mp9f9f5o link] | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Music Box (album)|Music Box]]''<br />(1993) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Merry Christmas'''''<br />(1994) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]''<br />(1995) }} '''''Merry Christmas''''' ni albamnu ya sikukuu iliyoimbwa na mwanamuziki wa nchini [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa jina la [[Mariah Carey]]. Ilitolewa nchini Marekani terehe 1 Novemba 1994, chini ya studio za [[Columbia Records]]. Ni albamu ya siku za sikukuu ambayo inajumuisha nyimbo mbalimabli kutoka katika albamu zake zilizopita lakini pia kuna nyimbo kadhaa ambazo ndio zimatoka kwa mara ya kwanza. Albamu hii ilitolewa katikati ya mafanikio ya Mariah, yaani kati ya albamu ya ''[[Music Box (album)]]'' mwaka (1993) na ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2707 |title=Mariah's new remix Premiere at AOL's PopEater |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123210045/http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2707 }}</ref> It was certified 5x platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for shipments of over 5 million copies in the U.S.<ref>[http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=3&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25 RIAA - Gold & Platinum]</ref> This album was re-released in 2005 in [[DualDisc]] format with bonus tracks and music videos. ''Merry Christmas'' has sold 12 million copies worldwide.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?id=20091123 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310201128/http://mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?id=20091123 }}</ref> == Mapokezi == ''Merry Christmas'' iliingia katikaa chati ya Marekani ya [[Billboard 200]] na kufikia katika nafasi ya 30, hii ikienda sawa na kuuza nakala 45,000 katika wiki yake ya kwanza. Ilifika katika nafasi ya 3 katika wiki yake ya tano huku ikiweza kuuza nakala zaidi 208,000, lakini katika wiki yake ya sita, ndio iliyokuwa wiki yake ya mafanikio zaidi kwa kuweza kuuza nakala zaidi 500,000. Ilikaa katika nyimbo ishirini bora kwa kwa takribani wiki nane na pia ilikaa katika chati ya Billboard 200, kwa kipindi cha wiki kumi na tatu == Orodha ya Nyimbo == # "[[Silent Night]]" <small>([[Josef Mohr|Fr. Josef Mohr]], [[Franz Gruber|Franz X. Gruber]])</small> – 3:41 # "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" <small>([[Mariah Carey]], [[Walter Afanasieff]])</small> – 4:01 # "[[O Holy Night]]" <small>([[Adolphe Adam]])</small> – 4:27 # "[[Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)]]" <small>([[Jeff Barry]], [[Ellie Greenwich]], [[Phil Spector]])</small> – 2:35 # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:32 # "[[Joy to the World]]" <small>([[George Frideric Handel]], [[Lowell Mason]], [[Isaac Watts]], [[Hoyt Axton]])</small> # "Jesus Born on This Day" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> # "[[Santa Claus Is Coming to Town|Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town]]" <small>([[John Frederick Coots]], [[Haven Gillespie]])</small> – 3:24 # "[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]/[[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]]" <small>([[Charles Wesley]], [[Felix Mendelssohn]])</small> – 3:01 # "Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child" <small>(Traditional)</small> – 4:26 # "[[God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen]]" <small>(Traditional)</small> – 1:18 <small>(non-U.S. bonus track)</small> === Nyimbo Alizoshirikiana === '''CD''' # "Silent Night" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" # "O Holy Night" # "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)" # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" # "Joy to the World" # "Jesus Born on This Day" # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" # "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing/Gloria in Excelsis Deo" # "Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child" # "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (anniversary mix)<br /> '''DVD''' # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (anniversary mix) # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" (So So Def remix featuring [[Bow Wow]] and [[Jermaine Dupri]]) # "Joy to the World" (celebration mix) # "O Holy Night 2000" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" (black and white version) # "Joy to the World" (live at St. John the Divine) == Chati na Tuzo == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chati !Ilipata<br />nafasi |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart<ref>[http://oe3.orf.at/charts/ Austrian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|21 |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|European Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=European+Top+100+Albums |title=European Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013044442/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=European%20Top%20100%20Albums }}</ref> |align="center"|9 |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |title=Finnish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903045220/http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref> |align="center"|31 |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|21 |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|15 |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 }}</ref> |align="center"|10 |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|11 |- |align="left"|Polish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|6 |- |align="left"|Singapore Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|South Korean Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|26 |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|32 |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|3 |} {{col-2}} === Tuzo === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country <small>(Provider)</small> ![[Music recording sales certifications|Certification]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording sales certifications|sales thresholds]])</small> |- |align="left"|Australia <small>([[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Austria <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=IFPI Austria |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Canada <small>([[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Europe <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.com/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html |title=IFPI |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACMF2Gw?url=http://www.ifpi.com/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|France <small>([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |- |align="left"|Germany <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Merry+Christmas IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Italy <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japan <small>([[Recording Industry Association of Japan|RIAJ]])</small> |align="center"|2x Million<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand <small>([[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|RIANZ]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norway <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |title=IFPI Norway |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Poland <small>([[ZPAV]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/poland/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Singapore <small>(RIAS)</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/singapore/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|South Korea <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|6x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/southkorea/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Spain <small>([[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=PROMUSICAE |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Switzerland <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|United Kingdom <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=20171006162141 }}]</ref> |- |align="left"|United States <small>([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])</small> |align="center"|5x Multi-Platinum<ref>http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH</ref> |- |} {{col-end}} * Most certifications are from old criterion (Sales may be higher than the certification level says now). == Mrejeo == {{reflist|2}} {{Mariah Carey}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1994]] 15rtf5prjzyx5t5nliuy9ouootfx38k 1614068 1613842 2026-11-05T21:50:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox album | Jina = Merry Christmas | Aina = studio | Msanii = [[Mariah Carey]] | Cover = Mariahcareymerrychristmas.jpg | Ilitolewa = 1 Novemba 1994 | Ilirekodiwa = Desemba 1993<ref>http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADE1195AB58FCC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM{{Dead link|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>-1994 | Aina = [[Pop music|Pop]], [[Rhythm and blues|R&B]], [[Christmas music]] | Urefu = 42:17 | Studio = [[Columbia Records|Columbia]]<br /><small>CK-64222</small> | Watayarishaji = [[Mariah Carey]], [[Walter Afanasieff]], [[Robert Clivillés]], [[David Cole (producer)|David Cole]], [[Loris Holland]] | Reviews = *[[Allmusic]] {{Rating|3|5}} [http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:8x68mp9f9f5o link] | Albamu iliyopita = ''[[Music Box (album)|Music Box]]''<br />(1993) | Albamu ya sasa = '''''Merry Christmas'''''<br />(1994) | Albamu ijayo = ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]''<br />(1995) }} '''''Merry Christmas''''' ni albamnu ya sikukuu iliyoimbwa na mwanamuziki wa nchini [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa jina la [[Mariah Carey]]. Ilitolewa nchini Marekani terehe 1 Novemba 1994, chini ya studio za [[Columbia Records]]. Ni albamu ya siku za sikukuu ambayo inajumuisha nyimbo mbalimabli kutoka katika albamu zake zilizopita lakini pia kuna nyimbo kadhaa ambazo ndio zimatoka kwa mara ya kwanza. Albamu hii ilitolewa katikati ya mafanikio ya Mariah, yaani kati ya albamu ya ''[[Music Box (album)]]'' mwaka (1993) na ''[[Daydream (Mariah Carey album)|Daydream]]'' (1995). <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2707 |title=Mariah's new remix Premiere at AOL's PopEater |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123210045/http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?uid=2707 }}</ref> It was certified 5x platinum by the [[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]] for shipments of over 5 million copies in the U.S.<ref>[http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=3&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2008&sort=Artist&perPage=25 RIAA - Gold & Platinum]</ref> This album was re-released in 2005 in [[DualDisc]] format with bonus tracks and music videos. ''Merry Christmas'' has sold 12 million copies worldwide.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?id=20091123 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310201128/http://mariahcarey.com/news/news.php?id=20091123 }}</ref> == Mapokezi == ''Merry Christmas'' iliingia katikaa chati ya Marekani ya [[Billboard 200]] na kufikia katika nafasi ya 30, hii ikienda sawa na kuuza nakala 45,000 katika wiki yake ya kwanza. Ilifika katika nafasi ya 3 katika wiki yake ya tano huku ikiweza kuuza nakala zaidi 208,000, lakini katika wiki yake ya sita, ndio iliyokuwa wiki yake ya mafanikio zaidi kwa kuweza kuuza nakala zaidi 500,000. Ilikaa katika nyimbo ishirini bora kwa kwa takribani wiki nane na pia ilikaa katika chati ya Billboard 200, kwa kipindi cha wiki kumi na tatu == Orodha ya Nyimbo == # "[[Silent Night]]" <small>([[Josef Mohr|Fr. Josef Mohr]], [[Franz Gruber|Franz X. Gruber]])</small> – 3:41 # "[[All I Want for Christmas Is You]]" <small>([[Mariah Carey]], [[Walter Afanasieff]])</small> – 4:01 # "[[O Holy Night]]" <small>([[Adolphe Adam]])</small> – 4:27 # "[[Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)]]" <small>([[Jeff Barry]], [[Ellie Greenwich]], [[Phil Spector]])</small> – 2:35 # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> – 4:32 # "[[Joy to the World]]" <small>([[George Frideric Handel]], [[Lowell Mason]], [[Isaac Watts]], [[Hoyt Axton]])</small> # "Jesus Born on This Day" <small>(Carey, Afanasieff)</small> # "[[Santa Claus Is Coming to Town|Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town]]" <small>([[John Frederick Coots]], [[Haven Gillespie]])</small> – 3:24 # "[[Hark! The Herald Angels Sing]]/[[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]]" <small>([[Charles Wesley]], [[Felix Mendelssohn]])</small> – 3:01 # "Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child" <small>(Traditional)</small> – 4:26 # "[[God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen]]" <small>(Traditional)</small> – 1:18 <small>(non-U.S. bonus track)</small> === Nyimbo Alizoshirikiana === '''CD''' # "Silent Night" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" # "O Holy Night" # "Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)" # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" # "Joy to the World" # "Jesus Born on This Day" # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" # "Hark! The Herald Angels Sing/Gloria in Excelsis Deo" # "Jesus Oh What a Wonderful Child" # "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (anniversary mix)<br /> '''DVD''' # "Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (anniversary mix) # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" # "Miss You Most (At Christmas Time)" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" (So So Def remix featuring [[Bow Wow]] and [[Jermaine Dupri]]) # "Joy to the World" (celebration mix) # "O Holy Night 2000" # "All I Want for Christmas Is You" (black and white version) # "Joy to the World" (live at St. John the Divine) == Chati na Tuzo == {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} === Chati === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Chati !Ilipata<br />nafasi |- |align="left"|Australian Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display.asp?chart=1G50 Australian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Austrian Albums Chart<ref>[http://oe3.orf.at/charts/ Austrian Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Canadian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |title=Canadian Albums Chart |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041226005640/http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/Charts/ALBUMS.html |archivedate=2004-12-26 |accessdate=2012-05-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |align="center"|21 |- |align="left"|Dutch Albums Chart<ref>[http://dutchcharts.nl/weekchart.asp?cat=a Dutch Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|European Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=European+Top+100+Albums |title=European Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2011-10-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013044442/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=European%20Top%20100%20Albums }}</ref> |align="center"|9 |- |align="left"|Finnish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |title=Finnish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090903045220/http://pop.yle.fi/lista/albumit |archivedate=2009-09-03 }}</ref> |align="center"|31 |- |align="left"|French Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|21 |- |align="left"|German Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts |title=German Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2012-03-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316041103/http://www.musicload.de/officialcharts }}</ref> |align="center"| |- |align="left"|Hungarian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista |title=Hungarian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2008-12-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208031040/http://www.mahasz.hu/m/?menu=slagerlistak&menu2=top_40_album_es_valogataslemez_lista }}</ref> |align="center"|15 |- |align="left"|Italian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 |title=Italian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2007-05-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506200247/http://www.fimi.it/classifiche.asp?idtipo_classifica=1 }}</ref> |align="center"|2 |- |align="left"|Japanese Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ Oricon Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|New Zealand Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |title=New Zealand Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5PkfqxTDF?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp |archivedate=2007-06-21 }}</ref> |align="center"|10 |- |align="left"|Norwegian Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|11 |- |align="left"|Polish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|6 |- |align="left"|Singapore Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|South Korean Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |title=Norwegian Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722122648/http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_charts.htm |archivedate=2011-07-22 }}</ref> |align="center"|1 |- |align="left"|Spanish Albums Chart<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=Spanish Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |align="center"|26 |- |align="left"|Swedish Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitlistan.se/ Swedish Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|Swiss Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.hitparade.ch/weekchart.asp?cat=a Swiss Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|4 |- |align="left"|UK Albums Chart<ref>[http://www.theofficialcharts.com/top40_albums.php UK Albums Chart]</ref> |align="center"|32 |- |align="left"|U.S. ''Billboard'' 200<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=Albums&f=The+Billboard+200 |title=U.S. Albums Chart |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-05-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504062334/http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/charts/chart_display.jsp?g=albums&f=the+billboard+200 }}</ref> |align="center"|3 |} {{col-2}} === Tuzo === {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country <small>(Provider)</small> ![[Music recording sales certifications|Certification]]<br /><small>([[List of music recording sales certifications|sales thresholds]])</small> |- |align="left"|Australia <small>([[Australian Recording Industry Association|ARIA]])</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations.htm ARIA]</ref> |- |align="left"|Austria <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |title=IFPI Austria |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216161149/http://www.ifpi.at/?section=goldplatin |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Canada <small>([[Canadian Recording Industry Association|CRIA]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php/ |title=CRIA |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160111063331/http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php |archivedate=2016-01-11 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Europe <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.com/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html |title=IFPI |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACMF2Gw?url=http://www.ifpi.com/content/section_news/platinum_intro.html |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|France <small>([[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.chartsinfrance.net/charts/albums.php French Albums Chart]</ref> |- |align="left"|Germany <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=1&strSuche=Merry+Christmas IFPI Germany]</ref> |- |align="left"|Italy <small>([[Federation of the Italian Music Industry|FIMI]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>[http://www.fimi.it/ FIMI]</ref> |- |align="left"|Japan <small>([[Recording Industry Association of Japan|RIAJ]])</small> |align="center"|2x Million<ref>[http://www.oricon.co.jp/rank/ea/w/ RIAJ]</ref> |- |align="left"|New Zealand <small>([[Recording Industry Association of New Zealand|RIANZ]])</small> |align="center"|2x Platinum<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |title=RIANZ |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66ACPUiNu?url=http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/rianz_homepage.asp |archivedate=2012-03-14 }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Norway <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm |title=IFPI Norway |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archivedate=2010-01-18 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5msTleSRi?url=http://www.ifpi.no/sok/index_trofe.htm }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Poland <small>([[ZPAV]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/poland/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Singapore <small>(RIAS)</small> |align="center"|4x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/singapore/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|South Korea <small>([[IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|6x Platinum<ref>http://www.mariahjournal.com/infozone/charts/albums/southkorea/index.shtml</ref> |- |align="left"|Spain <small>([[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://promusicae.es/english.html |title=PROMUSICAE |accessdate=2010-05-03 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316035943/http://promusicae.es/english.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="left"|Switzerland <small>([[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>[http://www.swisscharts.com/awards.asp?year=2009 IFPI Switzerland]</ref> |- |align="left"|United Kingdom <small>([[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]])</small> |align="center"|Gold<ref>http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/search.aspx |date=20171006162141 }}]</ref> |- |align="left"|United States <small>([[Recording Industry Association of America|RIAA]])</small> |align="center"|5x Multi-Platinum<ref>http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH</ref> |- |} {{col-end}} * Most certifications are from old criterion (Sales may be higher than the certification level says now). == Mrejeo == {{reflist|2}} {{Mariah Carey}} [[Jamii:Albamu za Mariah Carey]] [[Jamii:Albamu za 1994]] 2roioqqnuxcs2mwwwgil8sgi30pw6qw 0 42992 1614048 1579911 2026-11-05T21:16:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614048 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Angola Municipios.png|thumb|Wilaya za Angola.]] '''Wilaya za [[Angola]]''' zimeorodheshwa zote 162 humu kwa kufuata [[mikoa]] (''províncias'') 18 ya nchi. Zimegawanywa tena katika [[kata]] (''comunas'') 559.<ref name="acd">{{cite web|url=http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf|format=pdf|title=Resultados Resultados Definitivos do Recenseamento Geral da População e da Habitação de Angola 2014|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística|date=March 2016|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506013702/http://aiangola.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Publica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-Resultados-Definitivos-Censo-Geral-2014_Vers%C3%A3o-22032016_DEFINITIVA-18H17.pdf|archivedate=2016-05-06}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !style="font-size:95%;" colspan=3|Wilaya za Angola<ref name=angola2014>{{cite web |title=Angola Em Números 2014 |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estatística |date=2014 |url=http://www.ine.gov.ao/xeo/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=22131657&amp;att_display=n&amp;att_download=y |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818182247/http://www.ine.gov.ao/xeo/attachfileu.jsp?look_parentBoui=22131657&amp;att_display=n&amp;att_download=y |archivedate=August 18, 2016 |format=pdf |pages=12-13 }}</ref> |- ! Mkoa ! Makao makuu ! Wilaya |- | [[Mkoa wa Bengo]] | [[Caxito]] | 6: [[Ambriz]], [[Bula Atumba]], [[Dande]], [[Dembos|Dembos-Quibaxe]], [[Nambuangongo]], [[Pango Aluquém]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Benguela]] | [[Benguela]] | 10: [[Balombo]], [[Baía Farta]], [[Benguela]], [[Bocoio]], [[Caimbambo]], [[Catumbela]], [[Chongorói]], [[Cubal]], [[Ganda, Angola|Ganda]], [[Lobito]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Bié]] | [[Kuito]] | 9: [[Andulo]], [[Camacupa]], [[Catabola]], [[Chinguar]], [[Chitembo]], [[Cuemba]], [[Cunhinga]], [[Kuito]], [[Nharea]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Cabinda]] | [[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]] | 4: [[Belize, Angola|Belize]], [[Buco-Zau]], [[Cabinda (city)|Cabinda]], [[Landana|Cacongo]] |- | {{nowrap|[[Mkoa wa Cuando Cubango]]}} | [[Menongue]] | 9: [[Calai]], [[Cuangar]], [[Cuchi]], [[Cuito Cuanavale]], [[Dirico]], [[Mavinga]], [[Menongue]], [[Nancova]], [[Rivungo]] |- | [[Cuanza Kaskazini|Mkoa wa Cuanza Norte]]<br />(Kwanza-Norte) | [[N'dalatando]] | 10: [[Ambaca]], [[Banga, Angola|Banga]], [[Bolongongo]], [[Cambambe]], [[Cazengo]], [[Golungo Alto]], [[Gonguembo]], [[Lucala]], [[Quiculungo]], [[Samba Cajú]] |- | [[Cuanza Sul|Mkoa wa Cuanza Sul]]<br />(Kwanza-Sul) | [[Sumbe]] | 12: [[Amboim]], [[Cassongue]], [[Cela, Angola|Cela]], [[Waku Kungo]], [[Conda]], [[Ebo, Angola|Ebo]], [[Libolo]], [[Mussende]], [[Quibala]], [[Quilenda]], [[Seles, Angola|Seles]], [[Sumbe]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Cunene]] | [[Ondjiva]] | 6: [[Cahama]], [[Cuanhama]], [[Curoca]], [[Cuvelai]], [[Namacunde]], [[Ombadja]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Huambo]] | [[Huambo]] | 11: [[Bailundo]], [[Caála]], [[Catchiungo|Katchiungo]], [[Ekunha]], [[Huambo]], [[Londuimbale]], [[Longonjo]], [[Mungo, Angola|Mungo]], [[Tchicala-Tcholoanga]], [[Tchindjenje]], [[Ucuma]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Huíla]] | [[Lubango]] | 14: [[Caconda]], [[Caluquembe]], [[Chiange]], [[Chibia]], [[Chicomba]], [[Chipindo]], [[Gambos]], [[Humpata]], [[Jamba, Huíla|Jamba]], [[Kuvango]], [[Lubango]], [[Matala, Angola|Matala]], [[Quilengues]], [[Quipungo]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Luanda]] | [[Luanda]] |7: [[Belas, Luanda, Angola|Belas]], [[Cacuaco]], [[Cazenga]], [[Icolo e Bengo]], [[Luanda Municipality|Luanda]], [[Quicama|Quissama]], [[Viana, Angola|Viana]] |- | [[Lunda Norte|Mkoa wa Lunda Norte]]<br />(Lunda-Norte) | [[Lucapa]] | 10: [[Cambulo]], [[Capenda-Camulemba]], [[Caungula]], [[Chitato]], [[Cuango, Angola|Cuango]], [[Cuilo]], [[Lóvua]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cne.ao/noticias.cfm?id=579|title=Domingos Mutaleno faz visita ao município do Lovua|language=pt|date=January 14, 2016|publisher=Comissão Nacional Eleitoral|accessdate=2019-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510115935/http://www.cne.ao/noticias.cfm?id=579|archivedate=2017-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://opais.co.ao/lunda-norte-pode-ter-mais-um-municipio/|title=Lunda-Norte pode ter mais um município|publisher=O País|date=January 27, 2015|accessdate=2019-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161101142754/http://opais.co.ao/lunda-norte-pode-ter-mais-um-municipio/|archivedate=2016-11-01}}</ref> [[Lubalo]], [[Lucapa]], [[Xá-Muteba]] |- | [[Lunda Sul|Mkoa wa Lunda Sul]]<br />(Lunda-Sul) | [[Saurimo]] | 4: [[Cacolo]], [[Dala, Angola|Dala]], [[Muconda]], [[Saurimo]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Malanje]]<br />(Malange) | [[Malanje]] | 14: [[Cacuso]], [[Calandula]], [[Cambundi-Catembo]], [[Cangandala]], [[Caombo]], [[Cunda-dia-Baza|Cunda-dia-baze]], [[Kiwaba Nzoji|Kivaba Nzogi]], [[Luquembo]], [[Malanje]], [[Marimba, Angola|Marimba]], [[Massango]], [[Mucari]], [[Quela, Angola|Quela]], [[Quirima]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Moxico]] | [[Luena, Moxico Province|Luena]] | 9: [[Alto Zambeze]], [[Camanongue]], [[Cameia]], [[Léua|Leua]], [[Luau, Moxico|Luau]], [[Luena, Moxico Province|Luena]], [[Luacano]], [[Bundas|Lumbala Nguimbo]] (Bundas), [[Luchazes]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Namibe]] | [[Moçâmedes]] | 5: [[Bibala]], [[Camacuio]], [[Moçâmedes]], [[Tômbua]], [[Virei]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Uíge]] | [[Uíge]] | 16: [[Ambuila]], [[Bembe, Angola|Bembe]], [[Buengas]], [[Bungo, Angola|Bungo]], [[Cangola]], [[Damba (municipality)|Damba]], [[Mucaba]], [[Negage]], [[Puri, Angola|Puri]], [[Quimbele]], [[Quitexe]], [[Santa Cruz, Angola|Santa Cruz]], [[Sanza Pombo]], [[Songo, Angola|Songo]], [[Uíge]], [[Zombo, Angola|Maquela do Zombo]] |- | [[Mkoa wa Zaire]] | {{nowrap|[[M'Banza Kongo]]}} | 6: [[Cuimba]], [[M'banza-Kongo|M'Banza Kongo]], [[Noqui]], [[N'Zeto]], [[Soyo]], [[Tomboco]] |} ==Tazama pia== * [[Mikoa ya Angola]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Africa administrative divisions second level}} {{Angola topics}} [[Category:Jiografia ya Angola| ]] [[Jamii:Ugatuzi nchi kwa nchi|A]] jmc8ay7mtqzeyxqgebb9goyqkr6mkc4 0 55353 1614035 1601511 2026-11-05T21:00:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{NPOV}} {{Infobox Birth control |name = Combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) |image = Pilule contraceptive.jpg |width = 200 |caption = |bc_type = Hormonal |date_first_use = 1960 (United States) |rate_type = Failure |perfect_failure% = 0.3 |perfect_failure_ref = <ref name="Trussell 2011">{{cite book| last=Trussell |first=James |year=2011 |chapter=Contraceptive efficacy |editor1-last=Hatcher |editor1-first=Robert A. |editor2-last=Trussell |editor2-first=James |editor3-last=Nelson |editor3-first=Anita L. |editor4-last=Cates |editor4-first=Willard |editor5-last= Kowal |editor5-first=Deborah |editor6-last=Policar |editor6-first=Michael S. | name-list-style = vanc |title= Contraceptive technology |edition=20th revised |location=New York|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=978-1-59708-004-0|issn = 0091-9721|oclc=781956734|pages=779–863}} Table 26–1 = <span class="plainlinks">[http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf Table 3–2 Percentage of women experiencing an unintended pregnancy during the first year of typical use and the first year of perfect use of contraception, and the percentage continuing use at the end of the first year. United States.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf |date=20170215224018 }}</span></ref> |typical_failure% = 9 |typical_failure_ref =<ref name="Trussell 2011"/> |duration_effect = 1–4 days <!-- depending where in pack/cycle, EC required after 1–4 days missed --> |reversibility = Yes |user_reminders = Taken within same 24-hour window each day |clinic_interval = 6 months |STD_protection_YesNo = No |periods = Regulated, and often lighter and less painful |benefits = Evidence for reduced mortality risk and reduced death rates in all cancers.{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} <br />May treat [[acne vulgaris|acne]], [[Polycystic ovarian syndrome|PCOS]], [[PMDD]], [[endometriosis]]{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}} |weight_gain_loss = No proven effect |risks = Possible small increase in some cancers. Small reversible increase in [[Deep vein thrombosis|DVT]]s; [[stroke]],<ref name="KemmerenEtAl2002">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kemmeren JM, Tanis BC, van den Bosch MA, Bollen EL, Helmerhorst FM, van der Graaf Y, Rosendaal FR, Algra A | title = Risk of Arterial Thrombosis in Relation to Oral Contraceptives (RATIO) study: oral contraceptives and the risk of ischemic stroke | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_stroke_2002-05_33_5/page/1202 | journal = Stroke | volume = 33 | issue = 5 | pages = 1202–8 | date = May 2002 | pmid = 11988591 | doi = 10.1161/01.STR.0000015345.61324.3F | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[cardiovascular disease]]<ref name="BaillargeonMcClishEssahNestler2004">{{cite journal | vauthors = Baillargeon JP, McClish DK, Essah PA, Nestler JE | title = Association between the current use of low-dose oral contraceptives and cardiovascular arterial disease: a meta-analysis | journal = The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism | volume = 90 | issue = 7 | pages = 3863–70 | date = July 2005 | pmid = 15814774 | doi = 10.1210/jc.2004-1958 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |medical_notes = Affected by the antibiotic [[rifampicin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birth-control-pill-4228.htm|title=Birth Control Pills - Birth Control Pill - The Pill|accessdate=2010-10-18|archive-date=2011-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805151417/http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birth-control-pill-4228.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> the herb Hypericum (St. Johns Wort) and some anti-epileptics, also vomiting or diarrhea. Caution if history of migraines. }} '''Vidonge vya majira''', ambavyo mara nyingi vinajulikana kama '''vidonge''' tu, ni njia ya kupanga [[uzazi]] inayochanganya [[chachu]] za [[estrojeni]] na [[projestojeni]]. Wakati vinapomezwa kila siku, huzuia uwezo wa kuzaa katika [[wanawake]] kwa kuvuruga mzunguko wa hedhi. Vidonge hivyo vilikubaliwa kwa mara ya kwanza kutumika kama [[dawa za kupanga uzazi]] nchini [[Marekani]] [[mwaka]] [[1960]], na imekuwa njia maarufu sana ya [[uzazi wa mpango]]. Kwa sasa vinatumiwa na wanawake zaidi ya [[milioni]] 100 duniani kote <ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1135665739 |title=Contraceptive use by method 2019 : data booklet |date=2019 |publisher = United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division |isbn=978-92-1-148329-1 |location=[New York, NY] |oclc=1135665739}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Christin-Maitre S | title = History of oral contraceptive drugs and their use worldwide | journal = Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–12 | date = February 2013 | pmid = 23384741 | doi = 10.1016/j.beem.2012.11.004 }}</ref> (karibu milioni 9 nchini Marekani <ref>{{cite web |date=11 July 2022 |title=Products - Data Briefs - Number 327 - December 2018 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db327.htm |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=U.S. [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) |archive-date=13 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913114252/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db327.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sech LA, Mishell DR | title = Oral steroid contraception | journal = Women's Health | volume = 11 | issue = 6 | pages = 743–748 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26673988 | doi = 10.2217/whe.15.82 | s2cid = 6433771 | doi-access = free | title-link = doi }}</ref>). Matumizi hutofautiana sana kulingana na nchi, <ref> {{Rejea kitabu|author=UN Population Division |year=2006 |title=World Contraceptive Use 2005 |location=New York |publisher=United Nations |isbn=9-211-51418-5 |url=http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2005/2005_World_Contraceptive_files/WallChart_WCU2005.pdf|format=PDF}} wanawake wenye umri wa miaka 15-49 walio katika [[ndoa]] au muungano wenye muafaka</ref> [[umri]], [[elimu]], na hali ya [[ndoa]]: kwa sasa thuluthi ya wanawake wenye umri wa kati ya miaka 16-49 nchini [[Uingereza]] wanatumia vidonge hivyo vilivyochanganywa au vile vilivyo na projestojeni pekee au "minipill", <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivepills.htm |vauthors=Delvin D |title=Contraception – the contraceptive pill: How many women take it in the UK? |date=15 June 2016 |access-date=25 December 2010 |archive-date=4 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110104034215/http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/sex_relationships/facts/contraceptivepills.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="taylor">{{cite book | vauthors = Taylor T, Keyse L, Bryant A |year=2006 |title=Contraception and Sexual Health, 2005/06 |location=London |publisher=Office for National Statistics |isbn=978-1-85774-638-9 |url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/contraception2005-06.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070109053900/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_health/contraception2005-06.pdf |archive-date=9 January 2007 }} British women aged 16–49: 24% use the pill {{as of|2016|lc=y}} (17% use Combined pill, 5% use Minipill, 2% don't know type)</ref> ikilinganishwa na chini ya 3% tu ya wanawake katika [[Japani]] (miaka 1950–2014).<ref name="Yoshida 2016">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yoshida H, Sakamoto H, Leslie A, Takahashi O, Tsuboi S, Kitamura K | title = Contraception in Japan: Current trends | journal = Contraception | volume = 93 | issue = 6 | pages = 475–477 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 26872717 | doi = 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.02.006 }}</ref>. Vidonge hivyo vimechangia sana mabadiliko ya [[maadili]] ya [[jinsia]] hasa upande wa wanawake, kwa kurahisisha ngono nje ya ndoa, na hivyo kusababisha [[familia]] kusambaratika kwa wingi. ==Historia== Kufikia [[miaka ya 1930]], [[wanasayansi]] walikuwa wametenga na kutambua mfumo wa [[homoni]] za [[steroidi]] na kupata kuwa vipimo vya juu vya [[androjeni]], [[estrojeni]] au [[projesteroni]] vilizuia [[utagaji]] wa ma[[yai]], lakini kuzipata dawa hizo kutoka kwa kampuni za [[Ulaya]] zilizozizalisha kutoka sehemu za wanyama kulikuwa ghali mno. <ref name="maisel">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Maisel, Albert Q. |year=1965 |title=The Hormone Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/hormonequest00mais |location=New York |publisher=Random House}}</ref> Mwaka [[1939]], Russell Marker, profesa wa [[kemia]] [[Kemia kaboni|ya kikaboni]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Pennsylvania]], alitengeneza utaratibu wa kusanisi projesteroni kutoka sapojenini steroidi ya mimea, mwanzoni kwa kutumia sarsapojenini kutoka sarsaparila, ambao ulikuwa ghali mno. Baada ya miaka mitatu ya utafiti wa ndani wa kibotania, profesa huyo aligundua bora kuanzia vifaa kiasi, ya saponin kutoka Mexican vikuu inedible ''(Dioscorea mexicana)'' inayopatikana katika misitu ya mvua [[Veracruz (jimbo)|Veracruz]] karibu Orizaba. Saponini ingeweza kubadilishwa maabarani na kuwa aglycone moiety diosgenin. Baada ya kushindwa kumvutia mdhamini wa utafiti wake Parke-Davis, mwaka 1944 alianzisha ushirikiano Syntex na washirika wawili katika [[Mexico (mji)|Mexico City]] kabla ya kuondoka Syntex mwaka mmoja baadaye. Syntex ilivunja [[uhodhi]] wa kampuni za Ulaya juu ya homoni steroid, kupunguza bei ya progesterone karibu ya mara 200 zaidi ya miaka nane ijayo. <ref name="maisel"></ref> <ref name="asbell">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Asbell, Bernard |year=1995 |title=The Pill: A Biography of the Drug That Changed the World |url=https://archive.org/details/pillthe00bern |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-679-43555-7}}</ref> <ref name="lehmann">{{Rejea jarida|author=Lehmann PA, Bolivar A, Quintero R |year=1973 |title=Russell E. Marker. Pioneer of the Mexican steroid industry |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_1973-03_50_3/page/195 |journal=J Chem Educ |volume=50 |pages=195–9 |pmid=4569922 |issue=3 |doi=10.1021/ed050p195}}</ref> <ref name="vaughan">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Vaughan, Paul |year=1970 |title=The Pill on Trial |url=https://archive.org/details/pillontrial0000unse |location=New York |publisher=Coward-McCann}}</ref> <ref name="tone">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Tone, Andrea |year=2001 |title=Devices & Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America |url=https://archive.org/details/devicesdesireshi00tone |location=New York |publisher=Hill and Wang |isbn=0-809-03817-X}}</ref> <ref name="reed">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Reed, James |year=1978 |title=From Private Vice to Public Virtue: The Birth Control Movement and American Society Since 1830 |url=https://archive.org/details/fromprivatevicet0000reed |location=New York |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=0-465-02582-X}}</ref> <ref name="mclaughlin">{{Rejea kitabu|author=McLaughlin, Loretta |year=1982 |title=The pill, John Rock, and the Church: The Biography of a Revolution |url=https://archive.org/details/pilljohnrock00mcla |location=Boston |publisher=Little, Brown |isbn=0-316-56095-2}}</ref> <ref name="marks">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Marks, Lara V |year=2001 |title=Sexual Chemistry: A History of the Contraceptive Pill |url=https://archive.org/details/sexualchemistryh00mark |location=New Haven |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0-300-08943-0}}</ref> <ref name="watkins">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Watkins, Elizabeth Siegel |year=1998 |title=On the Pill: A Social History of Oral Contraceptives, 1950–1970 |url=https://archive.org/details/onpillsocialhist0000watk |location=Baltimore |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-801-85876-3}}</ref> <ref name="speroff">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Speroff, Leon; Darney, Philip D. |year=2005 |chapter=Oral Contraception |title=A Clinical Guide for Contraception |edition=4th |pages=21–138 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=0-781-76488-2}}</ref> <ref name="djerassi">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Djerassi, Carl |year=2001 |title=This man's pill: reflections on the 50th birthday of the pill |url=https://archive.org/details/thismanspillrefl0000djer |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0198508727 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/thismanspillrefl0000djer/page/11 11]–62}}</ref> <ref name="applezweig">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Applezweig, Norman |year=1962 |title=Steroid drugs |url=https://archive.org/details/steroiddrugs00norm |location=New York |publisher=Blakiston Division, [[McGraw-Hill]] |pages=vii-xi, 9–83 |nopp=true}}</ref> <ref name="gereffi">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Gereffi, Gary |year=1983 |title=The pharmaceutical industry and dependency in the Third World |url=https://archive.org/details/pharmaceuticalin0000gere |location=Princeton |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0691094012 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/pharmaceuticalin0000gere/page/53 53]–163}}</ref> ===Utafiti wa projesteroni ili kuzuia uivishaji wa mayai=== Mapema mwaka wa 1951, mtaalamu wa fisiolojia Gregory Pincus, ambaye alikuwa kiongozi katika utafiti homoni na mwanzilishi wa shirika la Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology (WFEB) huko Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, alikutana kwa mara ya kwanza na mwanzilishi wa kikundi cha kudhibiti uzazi [[Margaret Sanger]] katika hafla ya chakula cha jioni katika [[Manhattan]] iliyokuwa imeandaliwa na Ibrahim Stone, mkurugenzi wa matibabu mkurugenzi na makamu mwenyekiti wa Planned Parenthood (PPFA), ambaye alimsaidia Pincus kupata ruzuku ndogo kutoka PPFA kuanza utafiti wa dawa za upangaji uzazi za homoni. Katika Oktoba 1951, M-ngu Searle &amp; Company walilikataa ombi la Pincus la kufadhili utafiti homoni uzazi wa mpango wake, lakini akae naye kama mshauri na kuendelea kutoa misombo ya kemikali na kutathmini. <ref name="maisel"></ref> <ref name="reed"></ref> Katika Machi 1952, Sanger aliandika arifa fupi huku akiutaja utafiti wa Pincus kwa rafiki yake na msaidizi wa zamani, Katharine Dexter McCormick, ambaye alitembelea WFEB na mwanzilishi wake na Hudson Hoagland katika Juni 1952 na kujifunza kuhusu uzazi wa mpango. McCormick, aliyekuwa amechanganyikiwa baada ya utafiti kusimama kwa ufadhili mdogo, McCormick alipanga mkutano wa WFEB tarehe 6 Juni 1953 na Sanger na Hoagland, ambapo kwanza alikutana Pincus ili kikubwa kupanua na kuongeza kasi ya utafiti na McCormick. <ref name="reed"></ref> <ref name="fields">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Fields, Armond |year=2003 |title=Katharine Dexter McCormick: Pioneer for Women's Rights |url=https://archive.org/details/katharinedexterm0000fiel |location=Westport |publisher=Prager |isbn=0-275-98004-9}}</ref> Pincus na McCormick walimshirikisha profesa wa kliniki kutoka Harvard {/0 {2}John Rock, mtaalamu wa tiba ya [[kutotungisha]], kuongoza utafiti kliniki na wanawake. Katika kongamano la kisayansi la mwaka wa 1952, Pincus na Rock, waliokuwa wamejiana kwa miaka mingi, waligundua wamefuata njia sawa na kufikia malengo ya kinyume. Pincus aliwauliza aliokuwa akiwasiliana nao katika kampuni za dawa wamtumie michanganyiko ya kemikali iliyokuwa na projestogeni. ===Maendeleo ya uzazi wa mpango madhubuti=== Norethinodreli (na norethindroni) hatimaye ziligunduliwa kuwa zimechafuliwa na asilimia ndogo ya estrojeni mestranoli (aina ya kati katika usanisi wake), na norethinodreli iliyokuwa katika utafiti wa Rock wa 1954-5 ikiwa na asilimia 4-7 ya mestranoli. Wakati usafishaji zaidi wa norethinodreli ilikuwa na kiwango cha chini ya asilimia 1 cha mestranoli kuliongeza kutoka kwa damu kusikotarajiwa, uamuzi ulifanywa wa kuweka asilimia 2.2 ya mestranoli kwa makusudi, asilimia ambayo haikuhusishwa na kutoka damu kusikotarajiwa, katika majaribio ya kwanza ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi kwa wanawake mwaka wa 1956. Mchanganyiko wa norethinodreli na mestranoli ulipewa jina la pekee la ''Enovid.'' <ref name="pincus 1958a">{{Rejea jarida|author=Pincus G, Rock J, Garcia CR, Rice-Wray E, Paniagua M, Rodgriquez I |year=1958 |title=Fertility control with oral medication |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-obstetrics-and-gynecology_1958-06_75_6/page/1333 |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=75 |issue=6 |pages=1333–46 |pmid=13545267}}</ref> Jaribio la kwanza la ''Enovid'' kama dawa ya upangaji uzazi lililoongozwa na Edris Rice-Wray lilianza Aprili 1956 katika Rio Piedras, [[Puerto Rico]]. <ref name="junod">{{Rejea jarida|author=Junod SW, Marks L |year=2002 |title=Women's trials: the approval of the first oral contraceptive pill in the United States and Great Britain |journal=J Hist Med Allied Sci |volume=57 |pages=117–60 |pmid=11995593 |url=http://jhmas.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/57/2/117.pdf | doi = 10.1093/jhmas/57.2.117|format=PDF |issue=2}}</ref> <ref name="ramirez de arellano">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Ramírez de Arellano, Annette B.; Seipp, Conrad |year=1983 |title=Colonialism, Catholicism, and Contraception: A History of Birth Control in Puerto Rico |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=0-807-81544-6}}</ref> <ref name="rice-wray">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Rice-Wray, Edris |year=1957 |chapter=Field Study with Enovid as a Contraceptive Agent |editor=in |title=Proceedings of a Symposium on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids |location=Chicago |publisher=Searle Research Laboratories |pages=78–85}}</ref> Jaribio la pili la matumizi ya ''Enovid'' (na norethindrone) kama dawa ya upangaji uzazi lililoongozwa na Edward T. Tyler lilianza Juni 1956 huko [[Los Angeles]] <ref name="vaughan"></ref> <ref name="tyler">{{Rejea jarida|author=Tyler ET, Olson HJ |year=1959 |title=Fertility promoting and inhibiting effects of new steroid hormonal substances |journal=JAMA |volume=169 |issue=16 |pages=1843–54 |pmid=13640942}}</ref>. Tarehe 23 Januari 1957, kampuni ya Searle iliandaa kongamano la kukagua utafiti wa elimuuzazi na uzuiaji mimba uliohusiana na ''Enovid'' kupitia 1956 na kuhitimisha kuwa viwango vya estrojeni katika ''Enovid'' vinaweza kupunguzwa kwa asilimia 33 ili kupunguza pia matukio ya madhara ya utumbo yaliyosababishwa na estrojeni bila kuathiri pakubwa ongezeko la matukio ya kutoka damu kusikotarajiwa. <ref name="winter 1957">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Winter IC |year=1957 |chapter=Summary |editor=in |title=Proceedings of a Symposium on 19-Nor Progestational Steroids |location=Chicago |publisher=Searle Research Laboratories |pages=120–2}}</ref> ===Upatikanaji kwa Umma=== ==== Marekani ==== Tarehe 10 Juni 1957, Shirika la Chakula na Dawa (FDA) liliidhinisha ''Enovid'' miligramu 10 (miligramu 9.85 norethynodrel na 150 μg mestranol) kwa ajili ya matatizo ya hedhi kwa kuzingatia data iliyotokana na matumizi yake na zaidi ya wanawake 600. Majaribio mengi zaidi ya dawa hizi za uzuiaji mimba ziada yalionyesha kuwa vipimo vya ''Enovid'' vya miligramu 10, 5, na 2.5 vilifanya kazi vyema sana. Tarehe 23 Julai 1959, kampuni ya Searle ilituma ombi la ziada la kuongeza upangaji uzazi kama ishara iliyohalalishwa kwa vipimo vya ''Enovid'' vya miligramu 10, 5, na 2.5. Shirika la FDA lilikataa kuzingatia ombi hilo hadi kampuni ya Searle ilipokubali kuondoa aina za vipimo vya chini kutoka kwa ombi hilo. Tarehe 9 Mei 1960, shirika la FDA lilitangaza kuwa litahalalisha miligramu 10 za ''Enovid'' kwa ajili ya matumizi ya upangaji uzazi, jambo ambalo lilifanya tarehe 23 Juni 1960, na kufikia wakati huo ''Enovid'' ya miligramu 10 ilikuwa katika matumizi ya jumla kwa muda wa miaka mitatu na wakati ambapo angalau wanawake nusu milioni walikuwa wameitumia. <ref name="winter 1970">{{Rejea jarida|author=Winter IC |year=1970 |title=Industrial pressure and the population problem&mdash;the FDA and the pill |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_jama_1970-05-11_212_6/page/1066 |journal=JAMA |volume=212 |issue=6 |pages=1067–8 |pmid=5467404 | doi = 10.1001/jama.212.6.1067}}</ref> Ingawa dawa ya ''Enovid'' miligramu 10 ilikuwa imekubaliwa na shirika la FDA kwa matumizi ya upangaji uzazi, kampuni ya Searle haikuwahi kuiuza kama dawa ya upangaji uzazi. Miezi nane baadaye, tarehe 15 Februari 1961, shirika la FDA lilipitisha dawa hii ya ''Enovid'' miligramu 5 kwa ajili ya matumizi ya upangaji uzazi. Katika Julai 1961, kampuni ya Searle hatimaye lilianza kuuza dawa hii ya ''Enovid'' miligramu 5 (miligramu 5 za norethynodrel na μg 75 za mestranol) kwa madaktari kama dawa ya kuzuia mimba. Ingawa shirika la FDA liliidhinisha dawa ya kwanza ya uzuiaji mimba katika mwaka wa 1960, dawa hizi za upangaji uzazi hazikuuziwa wanawake waliokuwa wameolewa katika majimbo yote hadi ''Griswold v. Connecticut'' katika mwaka wa 1965, na hazikuwa zikiuziwa wanawake ambao hawakuwa wameolewa katika majimbo yote hadi ''Eisenstadt v. Baird'' katika mwaka wa 1972. Ripoti ya kesi ya kwanza kuchapishwa kuhusu donge la damu na mvilio kwenye mishipa ya mapafu katika mwanamke aliyekuwa akitumia ''Enovid'' miligramu 10 katika Marekani katika kiwango cha miligramu 20 /kila siku haikutokea hadi Novemba 1961, miaka minne baada ya kuidhinishwa kwake, wakati ambapo ilikuwa imetumiwa na wanawake zaidi ya milioni moja. <ref name="junod"></ref> <ref name="winter 1965">{{Rejea jarida|author=Winter IC |year=1965 |title=The incidence of thromboembolism in Enovid users |journal=Metabolism |volume=14 |issue=Suppl |pages=422–8 |pmid=14261427 | doi = 10.1016/0026-0495(65)90029-6}}</ref> <ref name="Jordan">{{Rejea jarida|author=Jordan WM, Anand JK |year=1961 |title=Pulmonary embolism |journal=Lancet |volume=278 |issue=7212 |pages=1146–7 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(61)91061-3}}</ref> Ingechukua karibu muongo mmoja wa tafiti za epidemiolojia kuonyesha kwa uthabiti hatari iliyoongezeka ya mvilio kwenye mishipa katika watumiaji wavidonge vya upangaji uzazi na ongezeko la hatari ya [[kiharusi]] na matatizo ya moyo katika watumiaji wa vidonge vya upangaji uzazi ambao huvuta sigara au wana shinikizo la damu au hatari zingine zinazohusiana na moyo au ubongo. <ref name="marks"></ref> Hatari hizi za vidonge vya kuzuia mimba ziliigizwa katika kitabu cha ''The Doctors' Case Against the Pill'' kilichoandikwa katika mwaka wa 1969 na mwandishi wa habari mfeministi Barbara Seaman aliyesaidia kupanga kesi za Nelson za mwaka wa 1970 zilizoandaliwa na Seneta Gaylord Nelson. <ref name="seaman 1969">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Seaman, Barbara |year=1969 |title=The Doctors’ Case Against the Pill |location=New York |publisher=P. H. Wyden |isbn=0385145756}}</ref> Kesi hizi ziliongozwa na Seneta, wote waliokuwa wanaume na mashahidi katika raundi ya kwanza ya kesi hizi walikuwa wote wanaume, jambo ambalo lilimfanya Alice Wolfson na wafeministi wengine kupinga kesi hiyo na kuvutia vyombo vya habari. <ref name="watkins"></ref> Kazi yao ilisababisha kulazimisha kuwekwa kwa vipeperushi, kwenye pakiti za idonge hiv vya upangaji uzazi, vilivyokuwa na maelezo kwa watumiaji kuhusu madhara na hatari za kutumia vidonge hivyo ili kusaidia kuwezesha utoaji idhini. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=FDA |month=11 Juni, |year=1970 |title=Statement of Policy Concerning Oral Contraceptive Labeling Directed to Users |journal=Fed Regist |volume=35 |issue=113 |pages=9001–3}}<br>{{Rejea jarida|author=FDA |month=31 Januari, |year=1978 |title=Oral Contraceptives; Requirement for Labeling Directed to the Patient |journal=Fed Regist |volume=43 |issue=21 |pages=4313–34}}<br>{{Rejea jarida|author=FDA |month=25 Mei, |year=1989 |title=Oral Contraceptives; Patient Package Insert Requirement |journal=Fed Regist |volume=54 |issue=100 |pages=22585–8}}</ref> Kiwango cha kawaida kinachotumiwa leo cha vidonge vya upangaji uzazi huwa na kiwango estrojeni ambacho ni theluthi moja chini ya kilichokuwa katika kidonge cha kwanza kilichowahi kuuzwa na huwa na vipimo vya chini vya aina za projestini zenye nguvu zaidi katika misombo mbalimbali. Limekuwa jambo rahisi kupata agizo la dawa kutoka kwa daktari, na njia ya kawaida gharama ni $ 15 na $ 50 kwa mwezi. <ref [http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/birth-control/birth-control-pill-4228.htm#get Planned Parenthood: Birth Control Pill]</ref> Wachumi wengi wanasema kuwa upatikanaji wa Vidonge vya majira umesababisha kuongezeka kwa wanawake wanaofanya kazi. Kwa kuwa kidonge kiliwaruhusu kuwa na uhusiano wa kingono na wakati huohuo kufanya kazi, kimepongezwa kama mojawapo ya vipengele vilivyochangia mapinduzi hayo. ====Canada==== Vidonge vya Uzuiaji Mimba na njia nyingine nyingi za kudhibiti uzazi, zilihalalishwa nchini Canada katika mwaka wa 1969. ====Australia==== Vidonge vya uzuiaji mimba vya kwanza nje ya Marekani vilikuwa vile vya ''Anovlar'' vilivyotengenezwa na Schering (norethindrone acetate 4 mg + ethinyl estradiol 50 μg) tarehe 1 Januari 1961 katika [[Australia]]. <ref name="schering">{{Rejea tovuti |author= |year= |title=History of Schering AG |publisher=Ernst Schering Foundation |url=http://www.scheringstiftung.de/scripts/index/web/en/content/index/174 |accessdate=2007-12-05 |archivedate=2007-12-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215065823/http://www.scheringstiftung.de/scripts/index/web/en/content/index/174 }}</ref> ====Ujerumani==== Vidonge vya uzuiaji mimba vilivyoanzishwa kwa mara ya kwanza [[Ulaya]] vilikuwa vile vya ''Anovlar'' vilivyotengenezwa na Schering na kuanzishwa tarehe 1 Juni 1961 katika [[Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Ujerumani|Ujerumani ya Magharibi]]. <ref name="schering"></ref> ====Uingereza==== Kabla ya miaka ya kati ya 1960, Uingereza haikuhitaji dawa kuidhinishwa kabla ya kuanza kuuzwa kwenye soko. Shirika la Upangaji Uzazi la Uingereza (FPA) kupitia kwa kliniki zake lilikuwa kwa wakati huo kituo msingi cha kutoa huduma za upangaji uzazi katika Uingereza na lilitoa dawa za uzuiaji mimba ambazo zilikuwa katika Orodha yake Iliyokubalika ya Dawa za Uzuiaji Mimba (iliyoanzishwa katika mwaka wa 1934). Katika mwaka wa 1957, Searle ilianza kukuza dawa ya ''Enavid (Enovid'' 10 mg katika Marekani) kwa ajili ya matatizo ya hedhi. Pia katika mwaka wa 1957, shirika la FPA lilianzisha Baraza kwa ajili ya Uchunguzi wa Kudhibiti Uzazi (CIFC) ili kupima na kufuatilia vidonge vya kuzuia mimba. Baraza hili lilianzia kufanya majaribio kwa kutumia wanyama na katika miaka ya 1960 na 1961 lilianza majaribio matatu makubwa ya kikliniki katika [[Birmingham]], Slough, na [[London]]. <ref name="junod"></ref> <ref name="fpa trials">{{Rejea jarida|author=Mears E |title=Clinical trials of oral contraceptives |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1961-11-04_2_5261/page/1179 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5261 |pages=1179–83 |date=4 Novemba 1961 |pmid=14471934 |pmc=1970272 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5261.1179}}</ref> Katika Machi 1960, FPA la Birmingham lilianza majaribio kwa kutumia norethynodrel 2.5 mg + mestranol 50 μg, lakini kiwango cha juu cha mimba kilitokea mwanzoni wakati dawa hii, kwa bahati mbaya, ilikuwa na μg 36 tu za mestranol-majaribio yaliendelea kwa kutumia norethynodrel 5 mg + mestranol 75 μg ''(Conovid'' katika Uingereza, ''Enovid'' 5 mg katika Marekani). <ref name="birmingham">{{Rejea jarida|author=Eckstein P, Waterhouse JA, Bond GM, Mills WG, Sandilands DM, Shotton DM |title=The Birmingham oral contraceptive trial |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1961-11-04_2_5261/page/1172 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5261 |pages=1172–9 |date=4 Novemba 1961 |pmid=13889122 |pmc=1970253 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5261.1172}}</ref> Katika Agosti 1960, FPA la Slough lilianza majaribio kwa kutumia norethynodrel 2.5 mg + mestranol 100 μg ''(Conovid-E'' katika Uingereza, ''Enovid-E'' katika Marekani). <ref name="conovid-e">{{Rejea jarida|author=Pullen D |title='Conovid-E' as an oral contraceptive |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1962-10-20_2_5311/page/1016 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5311 |pages=1016–9 |date=20 Oktoba 1962 |pmid=13972503 |pmc=1926317 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5311.1016}}</ref> Katika Mei 1961, FPA la London lilianza majaribio kwa kutumia ''Anovlar'' ya Schering. <ref name="anovlar">{{Rejea jarida|author=Mears E, Grant EC |title='Anovlar' as an oral contraceptive |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1962-07-14_2_5297/page/75 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5297 |pages=75–9 |date=14 Julai 1962 |pmid=14471933 |pmc=1925289 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5297.75}}</ref> Katika Oktoba 1961, kupitia mapendekezo ya Baraza la Mawaidha ya Kimatibabu (Medical Advisory Council) kuhusu CIFC yake, shirika la FPA liliongeza dawa iliyotengenezwa dawa ya ''Conovid'' iliyotengenezwa na Searle kwenye Orodha ya Iliyokubaliwa ya Vidonge vya Upangaji Uzazi. <ref name="conovid">{{Rejea jarida|title=Annotations: Pill at F.P.A. clinics |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1961-10-14_2_5258/page/1009 |date=14 Oktoba 1961 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5258 |page=1009 |pmc=1970146 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.2.3490.1009}}<br> {{Rejea jarida|title=Medical news: Oral contraceptives and the F.P.A. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1961-10-14_2_5258/page/1032 |date=14 Oktoba 1961 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5258 |page=1032 |pmc=1970195 |doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5258.1032}}</ref> Tarehe 4 Desemba 1961, Enoch Powell, aliyekuwa Waziri wa Afya, alitangaza kwamba kidonge cha kuzuia mimba cha ''Conovid'' kingeagizwa kupitia NHS kwa bei iliyopunguzwa ya [[Shilingi|2s]] kila mwezi. <ref name="nhs">{{Rejea jarida|date=9 Desemba 1961 |title=Medical News: Contraceptive Pill |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-medical-journal_1961-12-09_2_5266/page/1584 |journal=Br Med J |volume=2 |issue=5266 |page=1584 |pmc=1970619 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.2.5266.1584}}<br> {{Rejea habari |date=15 Desemba 1961 |title=Subsidizing birth control |journal=Time |volume=78 |issue=24 |page=55 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,827091,00.html |accessdate=2010-10-18 |archivedate=2011-02-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110205021447/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,827091,00.html }}</ref> Katika mwaka wa 1962, dawa iliyotengenezwa na Schering ya ''Anovlar'' na ile iliyotengenezwa na Searle ya ''Conovid-E'' ziliongeza kwenye Orodha ya Dawa Zilizokubaliwa za Upangaji Uzazi ya FPA. <ref name="junod"></ref> <ref name="conovid-e"></ref> <ref name="anovlar"></ref> Kwa sasa vidonge hivi vya uzuiaji mimba hupatikana bure kwenye NHS - dawa za uzuiaji mimba zinazoagizwa huepushwa na malipo ya uagizaji ya NHS. ====Ufaransa==== Tarehe 28 Desemba 1967, Sheria ya Neuwirth ilihalalisha matumizi ya dawa za upangaji uzazi katika Ufaransa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kidonge. Kidonge ndicho njia maarufu sana upangaji uzaz aina ya uzazi wa mpango maarufu nchini Ufaransa, hasa miongoni mwa wanawake. Inachukua asilimia 60 ya aina ya njia za kupanga uzazi zinazotumiwa katika Ufaransa. Kiwango cha uaviaji mimba kimebaki imara tangu kuanzishwa kwa matumizi ya kidonge. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Aids Generation: the pill takes priority?|publisher=Science Actualities|year=2000|accessdate=2006-09-07|url=http://www.cite-sciences.fr/francais/ala_cite/science_actualites/sitesactu/question_actu.php?langue=an&id_article=263|archivedate=2006-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061201112340/http://www.cite-sciences.fr/francais/ala_cite/science_actualites/sitesactu/question_actu.php?langue=an&id_article=263}}</ref> ====Italia==== Ingawa matumizi ya dawa zenye kemikali hiyo inayotumika katika COCP yalikuwa kupitishwa kwa ajili ya kuuzwa katika Italia tangu mwaka 1965 kwa lengo la "kuratibu mzunguko wa hedhi", uuzaji wa madawa ya kupanga ''uzazi wa mpango'' ulikuwa haramu hadi 1971 kutokana na Kanuni ya Jinai (ya mwaka 1938) ambayo hufafanuliwa kama uhalifu "dhidi ya jamii ya binadamu". Hata hivyo, kutokana na upinzani thabiti wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] dhidi ya njia za kiteknolojia za upangaji uzazi (uliopigiwa mstari mwaka wa 1968 na [[Papa Paulo VI]] katika waraka wake "Humanae vitae") na pia baadhi ya vyombo vya habari, Italia imebaki nyuma ya mataifa mengine yaliyo Magharibi mwa Ulaya katika uagizaji wa COCP. Takwimu ya hivi karibuni zinaonyesha kuwa chini ya asilimia 20 ya wanawake wa Italia wenye umri kati ya miaka 15-55 hutumia kwa kawaida aina yoyote ya dawa za upangaji uzazi. ====Japani==== Katika [[Japani]], ushawishi kutoka kwa Shirika la Japan Medical Association ulizuia kuhalalishwa kwa Kidonge kwa karibu miaka 40. Vipingamizi viwili vikuu vilivyotolewa vilikuwa wasiwasi kuhusu usalama baada ya matumizi ya Kidonge kwa muda mrefu, na wasiwasi kuwa matumizi ya muda mrefu ya Kidonge yangesababisha kupunguka kwa matumizi ya kondomu na hivyo basi kuongeza uwezekano wa kuambukizwa magonjwa ya zinaa (STI). <ref>{{cite press release |title=Djerassi on birth control in Japan - abortion 'yes,' pill 'no' |publisher=Stanford University News Service |date=96-14-02 |url=http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/96/960214japanabort.html |accessdate=2006-08-23 |archivedate=2007-01-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070106173620/http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/pr/96/960214japanabort.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kufikia mwaka wa 2004, matumizi ya kondomu yalichukua asilimia 80 ya njia zilizotumiwa kupanga uzazi katika Ujapani, na jambo hili linaweza kueleza viwango vya chini vya UKIMWI nchini Ujapani ikilinganishwa na nchi zingine.<ref name="cbs"></ref> Matumizi ya Kidonge yalikubaliwa Septemba 1999; mwongozo wa uagizaji waKidonge uliopitishwa na serikali unawahitaji watumiaji wa Kidonge kumtembelea daktari baada ya kila miezi mitatu ili wafanyiwe uchunguzi wa nyoga na wapimwa kama wako na magonjwa ya zinaa na [[saratani]] ya uterasi. Nchini Marekani na Ulaya, kinyume na Ujapani, watumiaji wa Kidonge wanahitajika kumtembela daktari baada ya kila mwaka au mara mbili kwa mwaka. Hata hivyo, tangu mwaka wa 2007, OBGYN wengi kutoka Ujapani sasa huwahitaji watumiaji wa Kidonge kumtembelea daktari mara moja tu kwa mwaka, huku ziara ya mara tatu kwa mwaka ikipendekezwa kwa wanawake wazee au kwa wale walio katika hatari zaidi ya kupatwa na madhara. <ref name="cbs"></ref> ==Matumizi na ufungaji== [[File:pillpacketopen.jpg|frame|Pakiti ya malengelenge iliyotumiwa nusu ya LevlenED]] Vidonge vinatakiwa kumezwa wakati uleule kila siku. Ikiwa kidonge kimoja au zaidi kitasahaulika kwa zaidi ya saa 12, kinga ya mimba itakuwa imepungua. <ref name="mercilon spc">{{Rejea tovuti |author=[[Organon International|Organon]] |month=Novemba |year=2001 |title=Mercilon SPC (Summary of Product Characteristics |url=http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=5384 |accessdate=2007-04-07 |archivedate=2007-09-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060153/http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid=5384 }}</ref> Aina nyingi za vidonge hufungwa katika pakiti mbili za ukubwa tofauti, zikiwa zimetiwa alama za matumizi ya siku 28. Kwa pakiti ya vidonge vya kutumiwa siku 21, kidonge kimoja kumezwa kila siku kwa wiki tatu, ikifuatiwa na wiki ya kutomeza dawa yoyote. Kwa pakiti vidonge vya siku 28, vidonge 21 humezwa, ikifuatiwa na wiki ya kumeza vipozauongo au sukari. Mwanamke anayetumia atatokwa na damu kidogo wakati wowote katika wiki anayomeza vipozauongo, na bado atakuwa amelindwa kutokana na kutunga mimba katika wiki hiyo. Pia kuna aina mbili mpya zaidi za dawa za kupanga uzazi zinazochanganywa (Yaz 28 na Loestrin 24 Fe) ambazo zina kidonge cha homoni kinachofanya kazi kwa siku 24, ikifuatiwa na siku nne za kumeza vipozauongo.<ref name="Birth Control Pills"> Stacey, Dawn. Donge la Kudhibiti Mimba Ilirudishwa 20 Julai 2009.</ref> ===Vipozauongo=== Vidonge vya kipozauongo humruhusu mtumiaji kumeza tembe moja kila siku; na kuendelea kuimeza kila siku katika wiki hata wakati homoni hazitolewi. Vipozauwongo vinaweza kuwa na nyongeza ya [[chuma]], kwani viwango vya chuma vinavyohitajika huongezeka wakati wa hedhi. Kukosa kutumia dawa hizi wakati wa wiki ya kipozauwongo hakuathiri utendaji kazi wa dawa hii, mradi mtumiaji arudie kuzimeza dawa hizi mwishoni mwa wiki. Damu inayotoka wakati mtumiaji ameacha kumeza tembe hizi ilifikiriwa kuwa liwazo, kwani ni uthibitisho wa kutokuwa na mimba. <ref name="gladwell">{{Rejea jarida | last = Gladwell | first = Malcolm | title = John Rock's Error | journal = The New Yorker | date = 2000-03-10 | url = http://www.gladwell.com/2000/2000_03_10_a_rock.htm | accessdate = 2009-02-04 | archive-date = 2013-05-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130511133811/http://www.gladwell.com/2000/2000_03_10_a_rock.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> Pakiti ya dawa za kumezwa kwa siku 28 pia huiga mzunguko wa wastani wa hedhi, ingawa matukio ya homoni wakati wa mzunguko wa kumeza kidonge hutofautiana pakubwa na yale ya mzunguko wa kawaida wa uivishaji mayai na hedhi. Utokaji wa damu pia unaweza kutabirika. ===Vipozauongo visivyojitokeza sana=== Kama uandaaji wa kidonge ni wa awamu moja, inawezekana kutopata damu hii na bado uendelee kukingwa dhidi ya utungaji wa mimba kwa kuruka kumeza dawa za kipoauongo na kuanza moja kwa moja kumeza dawa za pakiti inayofuata. Kujaribu kufanya hivi wakati wa kumeza dawa zilizotengenezwa kutumiwa awamu mbili au tatu hubeba ni hatari iliyoongezeka ya kutoka damu isiyotarajiwa katikati ya mzunguko wa kumeza vidonge jambo ambalo halitakikani. Hata hivyo, jambo hili haliongezi hatari ya kupata mimba. Kuanzia mwaka wa 2003, wanawake pia wameweza kuwa wakitumia toleo la vidonge linalotumiwa kwa muda wa miezi mitatu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |coauthors=FDA |title=FDA Approves Seasonale Oral Contraceptivel |work= |publisher= |date=2003-09-25 |url=http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2003/ANS01251.html |accessdate=2006-11-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007101134/http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/ANSWERS/2003/ANS01251.html |archivedate=2006-10-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sawa na athari za kutumia dawa zilizo na kipimo cha kawaida na kuruka wiki za kipozauongo kwa muda wa wiki tatu, Seasonale hutoa faida ya kutopata hedhi kwa mara nyingi, wakati wa kusita kutokwa na damu isiyotarajiwa. Seasonique ni toleo lingine ambapo wiki ya kipozauongo kila baada ya miezi mitatu hubadilishwa na wiki moja ya kipimo cha chini cha estrojeni. Toleo la vidonge vinavyotumiwa kwa pamoja pia limetengenezwa ili kuondoa kabisa dawa za kipozauongo na damu inayotoka. Baada ya kuuzwa kama Anya au Lybrel, tafiti zimeonyesha kuwa baada ya miezi saba, asilimia 71 ya watumiaji hawakutokwa tena na damu isiyotarajiwa, athari ya kawaida ikiwa ni kumeza dawa hizi kwa muda mrefu bila kupumzika. <ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Wheldon |first=Julie |title=New Pill will eliminate menstruation |publisher=Daily Mail |date= 2005-12-28 |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/healthmain.html?in_article_id=372565&in_page_id=1774 |accessdate=2006-12-23 }}</ref> ==Ubora== Ubora wa vidonge hivyo, kama ilivyo kwa aina nyingi za [[Uzazi wa mpango|dawa za upangaji uzazi]], unaweza kutathminiwa kwa njia mbili. #Makadirio ya ubora wa ''matumizi au njia timilifu'' hujumuisha watu wanaomeza vidonge hivyo kwa uthabiti na usahihi. #Makadirio ya ubora wa ''matumizi halisi'' hujumuisha watumiaji wote, ikiwa ni pamoja na wale wanaomeza tembe hizi kwa njia isiyofaa, wale wanaokosa kumeza kwa uthabiti, au yote mawili. Makadirio huwasilishwa kwa jumla ya matumizi ya mwaka wa kwanza. <ref name="hatcher"/> Kwa kawaida Pearl Index hutumika kuhesabu makadirio ya ubora. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu| first=John | last=Kippley | coauthors=Sheila Kippley | year=1996 | title=The Art of Natural Family Planning | url=https://archive.org/details/artofnaturalfami0000kipp | edition=4th | publisher=The Couple to Couple League | location=Cincinnati, OH | isbn=0-926412-13-2 | page=[https://archive.org/details/artofnaturalfami0000kipp/page/141 141] }}</ref> Makadirio ya utungaji mimba miongoni mwa watumiaji wa vidonge wa mfanano mmoja hutofautiana kulingana na idadi ya wanaoshiriki, ikiwa ni kati ya asilimia 2-8 kwa mwaka. Makadirio ya utungaji mimba miongoni mwa watumiaji kikamilifu ni asilimia 0.3 kwa mwaka. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> Sababu kadhaa zinaelezea kuwepo kwa kiwango cha chini cha ubora wa matumizi ya mfanano mmoja ikilinganishwa na yale ya ukamilifu: * makosa kwa upande wa wale wanaotoa maelekezo ya jinsi ya kutumia njia inayohusika * makosa kwa upande wa mtumiaji * mtumiaji kukosa kwa makusudi kufuata maelekezo. Kwa mfano, mtu anayetumia aina ya dawa za upangaji uzazi za kumeza anaweza kupewa maelezo yasiyofaa na mhudumu wa afya kuhusu idadi ya mara anayohitajika kumeza tembe hizo, au akose kumeza dawa hizi kwa siku moja kimakosa, au akose kujishughulisha kwenda duka la dawa kununua dawa nyingine zikishamalizika. COCP ni njia bora ya kuzuia utungaji mimba kwanzia kidonge cha kwanza kabisa ikiwa itaanza kutumia katika kipindi cha siku tano za kwanza baada ya kuanza kupata hedhi (katika siku tano za siku ya kwanza ya hedhi). Ikiwa zitaanza kumezwa wakati wowote katika hedhi, COCP huwa kizuizi bora cha kutunga mimba tu baada ya kumeza dawa zinazofanya kazi kwa siku 7 mfululizo, hivyo basi ikiwa inatumika kama njia ya ziada ya kupanga uzazi, inafaa kutumiwa hadi vidonge vinavyofanya kazi vitumiwe kwa siku saba mfululizo. Vidonge vya COCP vinafaa kumezwa kwa takribani wakati sawa kila siku. <ref name="speroff"></ref> <ref name="FFPRHC COC">{{Rejea tovuti |author=[[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists|FFPRHC]] |year=2007 |title=Clinical Guidance: First Prescription of Combined Oral Contraception |url=http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/admin/uploads/FirstPrescCombOralContJan06.pdf |accessdate=2007-06-26 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704044305/http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/admin/uploads/FirstPrescCombOralContJan06.pdf |archivedate=2007-07-04 }}</ref> Ubora wa dawa za upangaji uzazi unaweza kuharibiwa na: 1) kukosa kumeza zaidi ya kidonge kimoja kinachofanya kazi katika pakiti, 2) kuchelewa kuanza kutumia pakiti inayofuata ya dawa zinazofanya kazi (yaani, kupanua ya muda ambao unakaa bila kumeza vidonge, au ule wa kumeza dawa zisizofanya kazi, au zile za kipozauongo zaidi ya siku 7), 3) kukosa kufyonzwa vyema kwa dawa hizi kwenye matumbo kutokana na [[kutapika]] au kuhara, 4) maingiliano kati ya vidonge vinavyofanya kazi na dawa zingine ambayo yanapunguza viwango vya estrojeni au projestojeni katika dawa za upangaji uzazi. <ref name="speroff"></ref> ==Utaratibu wa utekelezaji== Vidonge vinavyotumiwa kwa pamoja vilitengenezwa ili kuzuia utagaji mayai kwa kuzuia kutolewa kwa gonadotropini. Dawa za upangaji uzazi zenye homoni na zinazitumiwa pamoja, ikiwa ni pamoja na COCP, huzuia ukuaji wa folikuli na kuzuia utagaji mayai kama njia msingi ya utendaji kazi. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> <ref name="speroff"></ref> <ref name="loose">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Loose, Davis S.; Stancel, George M. |editor=Brunton, Laurence L.; Lazo, John S.; Parker, Keith L. (eds.) |year=2006 |chapter=Estrogens and Progestins |title=Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics |url=https://archive.org/details/goodmangilmansph2006good |edition=11th |pages=[https://archive.org/details/goodmangilmansph2006good/page/1541 1541]–1571 |location=New York |publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=0-07-142280-3}}</ref> <ref name="glasier">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Glasier |first=Anna |editor=DeGroot, Leslie J.; Jameson, J. Larry (eds.) |title=Endocrinology |edition=5th |year=2006 |publisher=Elsevier Saunders |location=Philadelphia |isbn=0-7216-0376-9 |pages=2993–3003 |chapter=Contraception}}</ref> <ref name="rivera">{{Rejea jarida|author=Rivera R, Yacobson I, Grimes D |year=1999 |title=The mechanism of action of hormonal contraceptives and intrauterine contraceptive devices |journal=Am J Obstet Gynecol |volume=181 |issue=5 Pt 1 |pages=1263–9 |pmid=10561657 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9378(99)70120-1}}</ref> Athari hasi za projestajeni hupunguza marudio ya kutolewa kwa homoni inayotoa gonadotropini (GnRH) inayotolewa na haipothalamasi, jambo ambalo hupunguza kutolewa kwa homoni inayochochea folikuli (FSH) na kupungua sana kutolewa kwa homoni ya kulutenizi (LH) na tezi za pituitary. Kupungua kwa viwango vya FSH huzuia ukuaji wa folikuli, hivyo basi kuzuia kuongezeka kwa viwango vya estradioli. Athari hasi za projestajeni na ukosefu wa matokeo chanya ya estrojeni kwenye utoaji wa LH huzuia kuongezeka kwa LH katikati ya mzunguko. Kuzuiwa kwa ukuaji wa folikuli na kutokuwepo kwa ongezeko la LH huzuia utagaji mayai. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> <ref name="speroff"></ref> <ref name="loose"></ref> Hapo mwanzoni estrojeni ilikuwa ikiongezwa kwenye vidonge vya uangaji uzazi vya kumeza ili kudhibiti vyema mzunguko (kwa kuimarisha endometriamu na hivyo kupunguza matukio ya kutokwa na damu kusikotarajiwa), lakini pia ilipatikana kuzuia ukuaji wa folikuli na kusaidia kuzuia utagaji mayai. Athari hasi za estrojeni juu ya tezi za pituitary hupunguza sana kutolewa kwa FSH, ambayo huzuia ukuaji wa folikuli na kusaidia kuzuia utagaji mayai. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> <ref name="speroff"></ref> <ref name="loose"></ref> Utaratibu wa pili wa utendaji kazi wa dawa zote za upangaji uzazi zilizo na projestajeni ni kuzuia manii kuingia kupitia mlango wa uzazi hadi kwenye sehemu ya juu ya njia ya uzazi (uterasi na neli za uzazi s) kwa kupunguza kiasi cha na kuongeza mnato wa kamasi ya mlango wa kizazi. <ref name="rivera"></ref> Taratibu zingine za pili zimebuniwa. Mfano mmoja ni athari za kiendometriki ambazo huzuia upandikizaji wa mtoto kwenye uterasi. Baadhi ya vikundi vinavyotetea maisha huchukulia utaratibu kama huo kama unaosababisha uavyaji, na kuwepo kwa taratibu zinazotumiwa baada ya utungisho ni mada tata. Baadhi ya wanasayansi wanasema kwamba uwezekano wa utungisho wakati wa matumizi ya COCP ni mdogo sana. Kutokana na hayo, wanahitimisha kuwa mabadiliko ya endometriki yanawezakosa kuwa na nafasi muhimu, kama ipo, katika ubora unaoonekana wa COCP. <ref name="rivera"></ref> Wengine huwa na hoja tata zaidi dhidi ya kuwepo kwa mbinu hizi, wakati bado wanasayansi wengine wanasema kuwa data iliyopo inaunga mkono taratibu kama hizi. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |author=Larimore WL, Stanford JB |title=Postfertilization effects of oral contraceptives and their relationship to informed consent |journal=Arch Fam Med |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=126–33 |year=2000 |pmid=10693729 |url=http://archfami.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/9/2/126.pdf |accessdate=2008-02-26 |doi=10.1001/archfami.9.2.126 |format=PDF |archive-date=2008-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227041554/http://archfami.ama-assn.org/cgi/reprint/9/2/126.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Utata huu kwa sasa haujatatuliwa. ==Maingiliano ya madawa == Baadhi ya dawa hupunguza athari ya vidonge na zinaweza kusababisha kutokwa damu kusikotarajiwa, au kuongezeka kwa nafasi za kutunga mimba. Dawa hizo ni kama vile rifampicin, barbiturate, phenytoin na carbamazepine. Aidha maonyo yametolewa kuhusu wigo mpana wa viua vijasumu, kama vile ampicillin na doxycycline, ambavyo vinaweza kusababisha matatizo "kupitia kuharibu flora ya bakteria inayochakata tena ethinylestradiol kutoka kwa uchengelele mkubwa" (BNF 2003). <ref>Madhara ya wigo mpana viua vijasumu kwenye vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vinavyotumiwa kwa pamoja hayapatikani kwenye maingiliano yenye utaratibu ya uchanganuzi wa meta (Archer, 2002), ingawa "wagonjwa binafsi huonyesha upunguo mkubwa katika viwango vya utegili vya ethinylestradiol wakati wanatumia viua vijasumu vingine" (Dickinson, 2001). "... Wataalamu wa mada hii bado kupendekeza kuwajulisha watumiaji wa vidonge vya upangaji uzazi kuhusu uwezekano uliopo wa maingiliano ingawa kwa nadra" (DeRossi, 2002) na jambo hili linabaki kuwa la kisasa (2006) UK [http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentID=130#17 ushauri wa Shirika la Upangaji Uzazi ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fpa.org.uk/information/leaflets/documents_and_pdfs/detail.cfm?contentID=130#17 |date=20070208155326 }} . * {{Rejea jarida|author=Archer J, Archer D |title=Oral contraceptive efficacy and antibiotic interaction: a myth debunked. | journal = J Am Acad Dermatol | volume = 46 | issue = 6 |pages=917–23 |year=2002 | pmid = 12063491 | doi = 10.1067/mjd.2002.120448}} * {{Rejea jarida|author=Dickinson B, Altman R, Nielsen N, Sterling M |title=Drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics. | journal = Obstet Gynecol | volume = 98 | issue = 5 Pt 1 |pages=853–60 |year=2001 | pmid = 11704183 | doi = 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01532-0}} * {{Rejea jarida|author=DeRossi S, Hersh E |title=Antibiotics and oral contraceptives. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dental-clinics-of-north-america_2002-10_46_4/page/653 | journal = Dent Clin North Am | volume = 46 | issue = 4 |pages=653–64 |year=2002 | pmid = 12436822 | doi = 10.1016/S0011-8532(02)00017-4}} </ REF> Mmea wa asili wa St John's Wort unaotumiwa kama dawa pia umehusishwa kutokana na urekebishaji wa juu wa mfumo wa P450 katika ini. ==Madhara== Vyanzo mbalimbali vimeonyesha matukio mbalimbali ya madhara<ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/madhara-10-kutumia-p2-3281436</ref>. Madhara yanayojitokeza sana ni kutokwa na damu kusikotarajiwa. Ukurasa wa [[tovuti]] ya [[Kituo cha Afya]] cha Chuo Kikuu cha New Mexico unasema kuwa idadi kubwa ya wanawake (karibu asilimia 60) huwa wanaripoti kutopatwa na madhara yoyote, na idadi kubwa ya wale ambao huripoti kupatwa na madhara, hupatwa na madhara madogo. Makala ya ukaguzi ya Kifaransa ya mwaka [[1992]] yalisema kuwa, kufikia ailimia 50 ya watumiaji wapya waliokuwa wanatumia vidonge hivi huacha kuzitumia kabla ya kumalizika kwa mwaka wa kwanza kutokana na kero ya madhara ya kutokwa na damu kusiko kawaida kama vile kutokwa na damu kusikotarajiwa na kukosa hedhi. <ref name="serfaty">{{Rejea jarida|author=Serfaty D |title=Medical aspects of oral contraceptive discontinuation |journal=Adv Contracept |volume=8 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=21–33 |year=1992 |pmid=1442247 | doi = 10.1007/BF01849448}}<br> {{Rejea jarida |last=Sanders |first=Stephanie A. |coauthors=Cynthia A. Graham, Jennifer L. Bass and John Bancroft |title=A prospective study of the effects of oral contraceptives on sexuality and well-being and their relationship to discontinuation |journal=Contraception |volume=64 |issue=1 |pages=51–58 |month=Julai |year=2001 |url=http://www.contraceptionjournal.org/article/PIIS0010782401002189/abstract |accessdate=2007-03-02 |doi=10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00218-9 |pmid=11535214 }}</ref> ===Uzito=== Makala yaleyale ya mwaka 1992 yalibainisha kuwa katika vikundi vidogo vya vijana wa umri wa kati ya miaka 15-19 katika 1982 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) ambao walikuwa wamewacha kutumia vidonge, asilimia 20-25 walisema kuwa wao waliwacha kutumia Kidonge kwa sababu ya aidha chunusi au kuongezeka kwa uzito, na wengine asilimia 25 waliwacha kwa sababu ya hofu ya kupata ugonjwa wa [[saratani]]. <ref name="serfaty"></ref> Utafiti wa Hungary uliofanywa katika mwaka wa 1986 ulionganisha aina mbili ya vidonge vyenye kiwango cha juu cha estrojeni (vyote vyenye 50 μg ethinyl estradiol) ulitambua kwamba wanawake waliokuwa wakitumia vidonge vyenye kiwango cha chini cha biphasic levonorgestrel uundaji (50 μg levonorgestrel x siku 10 + 125 μg levonorgestrel x siku 11) waliripoti matukio machache ya kuongeza uzito wakilinganishwa na wanawake waliokuwa wakitumia vidonge vilivyo na kiwango cha juu cha levonorgestrel iliyotumiwa kwa awamu moja (250 μg levonorgestrel x siku 21). <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Balogh A |title=Clinical and endocrine effects of long-term hormonal contraception |journal=Acta Med Hung |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=97–102 |year=1986 |pmid=3588164}}</ref> Madkatari wengi huzingatia mtazamo wa wananchi kuhusu madhara ya kuongeza uzito yanayosababishwa na kidonge kama yasiyosahihi na hatari. Makala ya ukaguaji ya Kifaransa ya mwaka wa 1992 yaliyokuwa yametajwa hapo awali yalitambua kwamba utafiti mmoja wa 1989 uliokuwa haujachapishwa na uliofanywa na Profesa Elizabeth Connell katika Chuo Kikuu cha Emory na ulioshirikisha wanawake 550 ulipata kwamba asilimia 23 ya asilimia 6 ya wanawake waliowacha kutumia Kidonge kwa sababu ya udhibiti hafifu wa mzunguko walitunga mimba zisizohitajika. <ref name="serfaty"></ref> Makala ya ukaguzi ya Uingereza ya mwaka wa 2000 yalihitimisha kuwa hakuna ushahidi kuwa vidonge vya kisasa vyenye kipimo cha chini vinasababisha kuongezeka kwa uzito, lakini kwamba hofu ya kuongeza uzito ilichangia ufutiliaji duni wa kutumia Kidonge na mimba zisizotakikana zilizofuatia, hasa miongoni mwa vijana. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Gupta S |title=Weight gain on the combined pill&mdash;is it real? |journal=Hum Reprod Update |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=427–31 |year=2000 |pmid=11045873 | doi = 10.1093/humupd/6.5.427}}</ref> ===Ujinsia=== Vidonge hivyo vinaweza kuongeza ulainishaji asilia wa uke. <ref name="hn"></ref> Wanawake wengine hupatwa na kupunguka kwa ashiki wakati wanatumia kidonge, au kupunguka kwa ulainishaji. <ref name="hn">{{Rejea kitabu|author=Hatcher & Nelson |editor=Hatcher, Robert D. |chapter=Combined Hormonal Contraceptive Methods |title=Contraceptive technology |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9790966490229 |publisher=Ardent Media, Inc |location=New York |year=2004 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9790966490229/page/402 403], 432, 434 |edition=18th |isbn=0-9664902-5-8 }}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|author=Darney, Philip D.; Speroff, Leon |title=A clinical guide for contraception |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstown, MD |year=2005 |edition=4th |page=72 |isbn=0-7817-6488-2 }}</ref> Baadhi ya watafiti hushuku uhusiano ulioko kati ya matumizi ya vidonge na kupunguka kwa ashiki; <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|author=Weir, Gordon C.; DeGroot, Leslie Jacob; Grossman, Ashley; Marshall, John F.; Melmed, Shlomo; Potts, John T. |title=Endocrinology |publisher=Elsevier Saunders |location=St. Louis, Mo |year=2006 |page=2999 |isbn=0-7216-0376-9 |edition=5th}}</ref> utafiti uliofanywa mwaka wa 2007 ulioshirikisha wanawake 1700 ulipata kuwa watumiaji hawakupatwa na mabadiliko yoyote katika kuridhika kingono. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Westhoff CL, Heartwell S, Edwards S, ''et al.'' |title=Oral contraceptive discontinuation: do side effects matter? |journal=Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. |volume=196 |issue=4 |pages=412.e1–6; discussion 412.e6–7 |year=2007 |month=Aprili |pmid=17403440 |pmc=1903378 |doi=10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.015 }}</ref> Utafiti wa kimaabara uliofanywa mwaka wa 2005 na uliohusisha utiaji ashiki ulichunguza wanawake kumi na wanne kabla na baada ya wao kuanza kutumia vidonge hivyo. Utafiti huu ulionyesha kwamba wanawake walipata matokeo mbalimbali ya ashiki baada ya kuanza kutumia kidonge; upunguaji na uongezekaji wa vipimo vya ashiki ulijitokeza kwa viwango sawa. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Seal |first=Brooke N. |coauthors=[[Lori A. Brotto]] and Boris B. Gorzalka |title=Oral contraceptive use and female genital arousal: methodological considerations |journal=Journal of Sex Research |month=Agosti |year=2005 |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2372/is_3_42/ai_n14924892?tag=artBody;col1 |accessdate=2008-06-29 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120712221549/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2372/is_3_42/ai_n14924892/?tag=artBody;col1 |archivedate=2012-07-12 |dead-url=no }}</ref> Nyongeza ya homoni kutoka nje ya mwili inakuza SHBG (globulini inayofunga homoni ya ngono) wakati HPOA (hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian-axis) inajaribu kurejesha uthabiti wa ndani ya mwili. SHBG kujifunga kwa homoni za ngono bila kutenga, ambazo ni pamoja na androjeni zinazoundwa na ovari na ambazo zinahusika na ashiki na uwezo wa kufika kilele. Ni jambo la kuvutia kutambua kwamba halikuwa suala la ufaafu kwa dawa za upangaji uzazi za kike zilizo na homoni kuzuia ushiriki na raha ya ngono. ===Unyogovu=== Viwango vya chini ya serotonini, nyurotransmita iliyo kwenye ubongo, vimehusishwa na unyogovu. Viwango vya juu ya estrojeni, kama vilivyo katika kizazi cha kwanza cha COCP, na projestini, kama vilivyo katika baadhi ya madawa ya upangaji uzazi yaliyo na projestini pekee, vimeonyeshwa kukuza upunguzaji wa viwango vya serotonini kwenye ubongo kwa kuongeza vipimo vya kimeng'enya kilicho kwenye ubongo kipunguzacho serotonini. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> Uchunguzi huu, pamoja na baadhi ya utafiti ndogo <ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Kulkarni |first=Jayashri |title=Contraceptive Pill Linked to Depression |work=Monash Newsline |date=2005-03-01 |url=http://www.monash.edu.au/news/newsline/story.php?story_id=308 |accessdate=2007-10-29 }}</ref> zimesababisha kuwepo kwa uvumi kwamba vidonge hivi husababisha unyogovu. Madawa ya upangaji uzazi yaliyo na Projestini pekee yanajulikana kudhoofisha hali ya wanawake ambao tayari wana unyogovu. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Kulkarni J, Liew J, Garland K |title=Depression associated with combined oral contraceptives&mdash;a pilot study |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=34 |issue=11 |page=990 |year=2005 |pmid=16299641}} </ ref> Hata hivyo, vitabu vya sasa vya tiba vinavyorejelewa kuhusu upangaji uzazi <ref name="speroff"></ref> na mashirika makubwa kama vile shirika la Marekani la ACOG, <ref name="acog practice bulletin">{{Rejea jarida|author=[[American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists|ACOG]] |year=2006 |title=Practice bulletin No. 73: Use of hormonal contraception in women with coexisting medical conditions |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_obstetrics-and-gynecology_2006-06_107_6/page/1453 |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=1453–72 |pmid=16738183}}</ref> na [[Shirika la Afya Duniani|WHO]], <ref name="who mec">{{Rejea kitabu|author=[[World Health Organization|WHO]] |year=2004 |chapter=Low-dose combined oral contraceptives |title=Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use |edition=3rd |location=Geneva |publisher=Reproductive Health and Research, WHO |isbn=92-4-156266-8 |chapterurl=http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/mec/cocs.html}}</ref> na lile la RCOG lililoko Uingereza <ref name="ffprhc mec">{{Rejea tovuti |author=[[Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists|FFPRHC]] |year=2006 |title=The UK Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use (2005/2006) |url=http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/admin/uploads/UKMEC200506.pdf |accessdate=2007-03-31 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325034855/http://www.ffprhc.org.uk/admin/uploads/UKMEC200506.pdf |archivedate=2009-03-25 }}</ref> yanakubaliana kwamba ushahidi uliopo sasa unaonyesha kwamba madawa ya upangaji uzazi yanayotumiwa pamoja kwa viwango vya chini hayawezi kuongeza hatari ya unyogovu, na hayawezi kudhoofisha hali ya wananwake ambao tayari wana unyogovu. ''Contraceptive Teknology'' inasema kwamba COCP inayomezwa kwa viwango vya chini haijahusishwa katika kukatisha kutolewa kwa serotonini au taiputofani. <ref name="hatcher"></ref> Hata hivyo, baadhi ya tafiti zinatoa ushahidi unaokanusha madai hayo ya mwisho. <ref name="pmid5018716">{{Rejea jarida|author=Rose DP, Adams PW |title=Oral contraceptives and tryptophan metabolism: effects of oestrogen in low dose combined with a progestagen and of a low-dose progestagen (megestrol acetate) given alone |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=252–8 |year=1972 |month=Machi |pmid=5018716 |pmc=477273 |doi= 10.1136/jcp.25.3.252|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-clinical-pathology_1972-03_25_3/page/252}}</ref> ===Shinikizo la Damu=== Bradykinin hushusha shinikizo la damu kwa kusababisha kupanuka kwa mishipa ya damu. Baadhi ya vimeng'enya vinaweza kumeng'enyua bradykinin (kimeng'enya kinachogeuza Angiotensin, Aminopeptidase P). Projesteroni inaweza kuongeza viwango vya Aminopeptidase P (AP-P), na hivyo kuongeza kumeng'enyuka kwa bradykinin, jambo ambalo huongeza nafasi ya kupatwa na shinikizo la damu. ===Athari nyingine=== Madhara mengine yanayohusiana na vidonge hivyo ya vipimo vya chini ni leukoria (kuongezeka kwa mnyunyizo wa uke), kupunguka kwa hedhi, mastaljia (kulainika kwa matiti), kuongezeka kwa ukubwa wa matiti, na kupungua kwa chunusi. Madhara yanayohusiana na COCP za awali zilizotumiwa kwa viwango vya juu ni pamoja na kichefuchefu, [[kutapika]], kuongezeka kwa shinikizo la damu, na melasma (kubadilika kwa rangi ya ngozi ya uso); madhara haya hayahusishwi sana na mchanganyiko wa vipimo vya chini. Estrojeni nyingi mno, kama iliyo katika vidonge vya upangaji uzazi, inaonekana kuongeza viwango vya kolesteroli katika nyongo na kupunguza harakati katika kibofunyongo, jambo ambalo inaweza kusababisha kuwepo kwa mawe au ugumu kwenye nyongo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gallstones/ |title=Gallstones |publisher=NDDIC |date=2007-07 |accessdate=2010-08-13 |archivedate=2010-08-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100811052827/http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gallstones/ }}</ref> Utafiti mmoja unadai kuwa kidonge kunaweza kuathiri harufu ya mwili wa mwanamume anayoipendelea mwanamke, jambo ambalo linaweza kuathiri uteuzi wake wa mpenzi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/14/2335871.htm?section=world |title=Love woes can be blamed on contraceptive pill: research - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |publisher=Abc.net.au |date=2008-08-14 |accessdate=2010-03-20 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100722002011/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/08/14/2335871.htm?section=world |archivedate=2010-07-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Faida za afya== Matumizi ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi kwa muda wa miaka mitano au zaidi hupunguza hatari ya kupata saratani ya ovari katika maisha ya baadaye kwa asilimia 50. <ref name="pmid17302189">{{Rejea jarida|author=Bast RC, Brewer M, Zou C, ''et al.'' |title=Prevention and early detection of ovarian cancer: mission impossible? |journal=Recent Results Cancer Res. |volume=174 |issue= |pages=91–100 |year=2007 |pmid=17302189 |doi= 10.1007/978-3-540-37696-5_9|url=}}</ref> Utumiaji wa vidonge hivyo hupunguza hatari ya kupata saratani ya ovari kwa asilimia 40 na hatari ya saratani ya endometria kwa asilimia 50 ikilinganishwa na wale ambao hawajawahi kutumia. Kupungua kwa hatari huongezeka na muda wa matumizi, ikiwa pamoja na kupungua kwa hatari ya kupata saratani ya ovari na endometria kwa asilimia 80 baada ya matumizi ya vidonge hivi kwa muda wa zaidi ya miaka 10. Kupungua kwa hatari ya kupata saratani ya ovari na ya endometria huendelea kwa angalau miaka 20. <ref name="speroff"></ref> Matumizi ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi pia hupunguza hatari ya kupata saratani ya koloni, na kuboresha hali ya magonjwa kama vile kuharibika kwa nyongo, uchungu wakati wa hedhi, matatizo kabla ya hedhi, na chunusi. Zaidi ya hayo, madawa ya upangaji uzazi hupunguza dalili za endometriosisi na matatizo ya polisisti ya ovari, na kupunguza hatari ya upungufu wa damu/anemia. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|author=Nelson, Randy J. |title=An introduction to behavioral endocrinology |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontobe03ednels_k6g0 |publisher=Sinauer Associates |location=Sunderland, Mass |year=2005 |isbn=0-87893-617-3 |edition=3rd}}</ref> ==Misombo== Vidonge vya upangaji uzazi huja Simulizi za kuzuia mimba kuja katika misombo mbalimbali. Mganyiko mkuu ni kati ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vinavyotumiwa pamoja, vilivyo na estrojeni pamoja na projestini na vile vilivyo na projestini pekee. Vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vinavyotumiwa pamoja pia huwa vya aina mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na vipimo tofauti vya estrojeni, na kama vipimo hivi vya estrojeni au projestini hubadilika kutoka wiki 1 hadi nyingine. ==Maonyo na utata== Vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vinaweza kuathiri ugandishaji, na kuongeza hatari ya kuwa na mvilio kwenye mshipa wa damu (DVT) na kuzibika kwa mshipa wa mapafu, kiharusi na shtuko la moyo. Vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vinavyotumiwa pamoja vimekubalika kwa jumla kuelekezwa kinyume katika wanawake ambao tayari wana ugonjwa wa moyo, katika wanawake ambao damu yao huganda(kama vile familia factor V Leiden), wanawake walio na unene wa kupindukia na / au haipakolesterolemia (vipimo vya juu vya kolesteroli), na katika wale wanaovuta sigara walio na umri zaidi ya miaka 35. Hatari ya kuwa na mvilio kwenye mishipa inatofautiana kulingana na maandalizi mbalimbali; katika aina ya pili ya vidonge (vilivyo na kiwango cha estrojeni kilicho chini ya 50μg), hatari ya kuwa na mvilio kwenye mishipa ni ndogo, ikijitokeza katika karibu watumiaji 15 kwa kila watumiaji 100,000 kwa mwaka, ikilinganishwa na watumiaji 5 kwa kila watumiaji 100,000 kwa mwaka katika watu wasio na mimba ambao hawavitumii vidonge hivi, na watu 60 kwa kila watumiaji 100,000 walio na mimba. [227] Katika watu wanaotumia vidonge vilivyo na aina ya tatu ya projestojeni (desogestrel au gestodene), matukio ya kupatwa na mvilio kwenye mishipa hujitokeza katika karibu watumiaji 25 kwa kila watumiaji 100,000 kwa mwaka. <ref name="lange6th"></ref> Pia, hatari hii ni kubwa katika vikundi vidogo vilivyo na vipengele vya ziada, kama vile uvutaji sigara (jambo ambalo huongeza hatari pakubwa) na kuendelea kutumia vidonge hivi kwa muda mrefu, hasa k wanawake zaidi ya miaka 35 ya umri. <ref name="lange6th">[230] ^ Sura 30 - Mfumo wa uzazi katika: {{Rejea kitabu|author=Rod Flower; Humphrey P. Rang; Maureen M. Dale; Ritter, James M. |title=Rang & Dale's pharmacology |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |location=Edinburgh |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=0-443-06911-5 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Utafiti katika uhusiano kati ya hatari ya kupata saratani ya matiti na matumizi ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vitumiavyo homoni ni tata na inaonekana kukinzana. [232] Marudioa shirikishi makuu ya uchanganuzi wa data kuhusu wanawake zaidi ya 150, 000 katika tafiti 54 za saratani ya matiti uliofanywa katika mwaka wa 1996 yalipata kwamba: ''"Matokeo ya yanatoa ushahidi thabiti wa aina mbili za hitimisho.'' ''Kwanza, wakati wanawake wanatumia vidonge vya upangaji uzazi pamoja za kuzuia mimba mdomo na katika miaka 10 baada ya kuacha kuna ongezeko kidogo katika hatari ya jamaa ya kuwa na saratani ya matiti wametambuliwa. '' ''Pili, hakuna kiasi kikubwa cha hatari ya kupatwa na saratani ya matiti baada ya kipindi cha miaka 10 au zaidi baada ya kuacha kutumia vidonge hivi. '' Aina za ''saratani kwa wanawake ambao walikuwa kutumika pamoja za kuzuia mimba simulizi walikuwa chini ya juu clinically kuliko wale wametambuliwa katika wanawake ambao hawajawahi kutumia uzazi wa mpango hayo ".'' <ref name="oxford 1996a">{{Rejea jarida|author=Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer |year=1996 |title=Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 53,297 women with breast cancer and 100,239 women without breast cancer from 54 epidemiological studies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_1996-06-22_347_9017/page/n13 |journal=[[The Lancet|Lancet]] |volume=347 |issue=9017 |pages=1713–27 |pmid=8656904 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90806-5}}</ref> Data hiyo imefasiriwa kupendekeza kwamba vidonge vya upangaji uzazi vina athari ndogo au havina athari yoyote ya kibiolojia katika usababishaji wa saratani ya matiti ya maendeleo, lakini kwamba wanawake ambao wanataka gynecologic kupata huduma ya uzazi wa mpango na saratani ya matiti mapema zaidi wanaona njia ya uchunguzi. <ref name="oxford 1996b">{{Rejea jarida|author=Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer |year=1996 |title=Breast cancer and hormonal contraceptives: further results |journal=Contraception |volume=54 |issue=3 Suppl |pages=1S–106S |pmid=8899264}}</ref> <ref>[238] ^ {{Rejea jarida|author=Plu-Bureau G, Lê M | title=Oral contraception and the risk of breast cancer |journal = Contracept Fertil Sex |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=301–5 | year=1997 |pmid = 9229520}} - uchambuzi upya wa pamoja wa data asilia kutoka tafiti 54 zilizowakilisha karibu asilimia 90 ya tafiti za epidemiolojia zilizokuwa zimechapishwa, kabla ya kuanzishwa kwa aina ya tatu ya vidonge vya kuzuia mimba.</ref> Wakati wa kutumia vidonge, kuna takriban kesi 0.5 zaidi za saratani kwa wanawake 10,000 wenye umri wa miaka 16-19, na takriban kesi 5 zaidi za saratani kwa wanawake 10,000 wenye umri wa miaka 25-29. <ref name="lange6th"></ref> Kwa jumla imekubaliwa na wanaosimamia matibabu kwamba hatari za kiafya ya vidonge vya upangaji uzazi ziko chini zikilinganishwa na zile zinazotokana na kutunga mimba na kujifungua, <ref>{{Rejea kitabu| author=Crooks, Robert L. and Karla Baur | title=Our Sexuality | url=https://archive.org/details/infotrwkbkoursex00bau_op1 | year=2005 | publisher=Thomson Wadsworth |location=Belmont, CA | isbn=0-534-65176-3}}</ref> na "faida ya kiafya ya njia yoyote ya upangaji uzazi ni bora zaidi kuliko hatari zinazotokana na njia". <ref> WHO (2005). ''[http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/family_planning/counselling.htm Decision-Making Tool for Family Planning Clients and Providers] Kiambatisho 10: Visakale kuhusu uzuiaji mimba'' </ref> Baadhi ya mashirika yamesema kuwa kulinganisha njia ya upangaji uzazi na kutokuwepo kwa njia kama hiyo (kuwa na mimba) si muhimu, badala yake, ulinganishaji wa usalama unafaa kuwa miongoni mwa njia za upangaji uzazi zinazopatikana. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Holck |first=Susan |title=Contraceptive Safety |work=Special Challenges in Third World Women's Health |publisher=1989 Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association |url=http://www.users.interport.net/i/w/iwhc/sc_cs.html |accessdate=2006-10-07 }}</ref> ==Matumizi mengine ya vidonge hivi mbali na upangaji uzazi== Homoni zilizoko kwenye "kidonge" zinaweza kutumiwa kutibu baadhi ya matatizo ya kiafya, kama vile tatizo la ovari kutoa viwango visivyo vya kawaida vya aina za homoni zinazoathiri ukuaji wa mayai (PCOS), endometriosisi, adenomiosisi, anemia kuhusiana na hedhi, na hedhi chungu (dysmenorrhea). Aidha, vidonge hivi huagizwa kama tiba ya tatizo la chunusi la wastani la chunus. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Huber J, Walch K |title=Treating acne with oral contraceptives: use of lower doses. |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_contraception_2006-01_73_1/page/23 | journal = Contraception | volume = 73 | issue = 1 |pages=23–9 |year=2006|pmid = 16371290 | doi = 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.07.010}}</ref> Vidonge hivi pia vinaweza anzisha kutoka kwa kawaida kwa hedhi katika wanawake wanaosumbuliwa na mzunguko wa hedhi usio wa kawaida na matatizo fulani ya uterasi kutoa damu. Aidha, vidonge hivi hutoa kinga dhidi ya uvimbe kwenye matiti usiosababisha saratani, mimba iliyo nje ya uterasi, na ukavu kwenye uke, na uchungu wakati wa ngono unaohusishwa na kukatika hedhi. ==Athari za kijamii na kiutamaduni == Awali ilikuwa inafanya kazi vyema zaidi kuliko njia zilizogeuzwa za zamani, hivyo basi kuwapatia wanawake kidhibiti cha kipekee juu ya uzazi wao. Matumizi yake yalikuwa tofauti na ngono, hivyo basi hayakuhitaji maandalizi maalumu wakati wa shughuli ya ngono ambayo yangeingilia uanziaji au hisia, na uchaguzi wa kuchukua kidonge ulikuwa wa mtu binafsi. Vipengele vya mchanganyiko vilisaidia kuongeza pakubwa umaarufu wa Kidonge miaka kadhaa baada ya kuanzishwa kwake. <ref name="asbell"></ref> <ref name="watkins"></ref> Claudia Goldin, miongoni mwa wengine, alisema kuwa hii teknolojia mpya ya uzuiaji mimba ilichangia pakubwa katika kutengeneza nafasi ya kisasa ya wanawake katika uchumi, kwa kurefusha umri ambao wanawake waliolewa hivyo basi kuwapatia nafasi ya kujipatia elimu na aina nyingine za mtaji wa binadamu na pia kwa ujumla kuwa na mwelekeo wa kitaaluma. Muda mfupi baada ya kidonge cha kuzuia mimba kuhalalishwa, kulikuwa na ongezeko kubwa katika mahudhurio ya vyuo ya wanawake na idadi ya waliohitimu. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Goldin, Claudia, and Lawrence Katz |year=2002 |title=The Power of the Pill: Oral Contraceptives and Women’s Career and Marriage Decisions |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-political-economy_2002-08_110_4/page/730 |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=110 |issue=4 |pages=730–770 |doi=10.1086/340778 }}</ref> Kulingana na mtazamo wa kiuchumi, vidonge vya kuzuia mimba vilipunguza gharama ya kukaa shuleni. Uwezo wa kudhibiti uzazi bila ya kupunguza mahusiano ya kingono uliwaruhusu wanawake kupanga mipango ya muda mrefu kuhusu elimu na kazi yao. Kwa sababu kidonge kilifanya kazi vizuri, na kuenea kwa haraka, pia kiliongeza mjadala juu ya madhara ya kimaadili na kiafya ya kuhusika na ngono kabla ya ndoa na uasherati. Kamwe hakukuwahi kuwa na wakati ambapo shughuli za ngono zilikuwa zimetenganishwa na uzazi kabla ya wakati huo. Kwa wachumba waliotumia kidonge, kuhusiana kingono kukawa ni ishara ya mapenzi pekee, au njia ya kufurahisha mwili, au yote mawili, lakini haikuwa tena njia ya uzazi. Ingawa mambo haya pia yalihusishwa na njia zilizotumiwa hapo awali kuzuia mimba, wa mpango uliopita, kushindwa yao relativt high viwango na matumizi yao chini ya kuenea kwa kushindwa kusisitiza tofauti hii kama wazi kama walivyofanya kidonge. Hivyo basi, kuenea kwa matumizi ya vidonge vya kuzuia mimba kulisababisha viongozi wengi wa kidini na taasisi nyingi kujadili nafasi iliyostahili ya ujinsia na uhusiano wake na uzaaji. Kanisa Katoliki hasa, baada ya kusoma kuhusu vidonge vya uzuiaji mimba, walisisitiza upya mafundisho yaliyowekwa kuhusu kudhibiti uzazi katika waraka wa ''Humanae vitae'' ulioandikwa na baba mtakatifu katika mwaka wa 1968. Waraka huu ulielezea tena mafundisho yaliyokuwemo ya Kikatoliki yaliyosema kwamba matumizi ya dawa za uzuiaji mimba yaliharibu hali na lengo la ngono. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu| author=George Weigel | title=The Courage to Be Catholic: Crisis, Reform, and the Renewal of the Church | url=https://archive.org/details/couragetobecatho00geor | year=2002 | publisher=Basic Books}}</ref> Upinzani dhidi ya vidonge vya uzuiaji mimba ulitokea katika miaka ya mwanzo na kati ya 1970, wakati ripoti na makisio zilitokea zilizohusisha vidonge hivi na saratani ya matiti. Hadi wakati huo, wanawake wengi katika muungano wa wanawake walikuwa wamekipongeza Kidonge kama "kisawazishi" ambacho kilikuwa kimewapatia uhuru wa kingono sawa na ule uliokuwa umefurahiwa na wanaume hapo awali. Hata hivyo, ugunduzi huu mpya uliwafanya wanawake wengi kukemea vidonge hivi kama uvumbuzi wa wanaume wa kuongeza uhuru wao wa kuhusika katika mahusiano ya kingono na wanawake kwa gharama ya hatari ya kiafya kwa wanawake. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu| author=Andrea Dworkin | title=Our Blood: Prophecies and Discourses on Sexual Politics | year=1976 | publisher=Harper & Row | isbn=006011116X}}</ref> [[Senati (Marekani)|Bunge]] la [[Senati (Marekani)|Marekani]] lilianza kusikiza kesi kuhusu vidonge hivi katika mwaka wa 1970 na kulikuwa na misimamo tofauti kutoka kwa wataalamu wa kimatibabu. Dr Michael Newton, Msimamizi Mkuu wa Taasisi ya Wakunga na Wanaelimuuzazi alisema: <blockquote> "Ushahidi huo bado haujaonyesha wazi kuwa vidonge hivi vinasababisha ugonjwa wa saratani au vinahusiana na ugonjwa huo. Kamati ya Ushauri ya FDA ilitoa maoni kuhusu jambo hili, kwamba ikiwa hakukuwa na ushahidi wa kutosha kuonyesha ikiwa dawa hizi zilihusihwa au hazikuhusishwa na usababishaji wa saratani, na nafikiri kuwa ushahidi uliopo hautoshi; mnafaa kuwa waangalifu kuhusu dawa hizi, lakini sifikiri kuwa kuna ushahidi wazi, kwa njia moja au nyingine, kwamba zinasababisha au hazisababishi ugonjwa wa saratani ". <ref>[259] ^ [http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1970/Apollo-13/12303235577467-2/#title "1970 Year in Review, UPI.com"]</ref> </blockquote> Daktari mwingine, Dk Roy Hertz wa Baraza la Idadi ya Watu, alisema kuwa mtu yeyote ambaye anatumia dawa hizi anapaswa kujua kuhusu "elimu yetu na ujinga wetu katika mambo haya" na kwamba wanawake wote wanapaswa kufahamishwa jambo hili ili waamue ikiwa watavitumia au hawatavitumia vidonge hivi. <ref name="1970 Year in Review, UPI.com">[260] ^ "1970 Year in Review, UPI.com"</ref> Katibu wa Afya, Elimu, na Ustawi aliyekuwa wakati huo, Robert Finch alitangaza kuwa serikali ya shirikisho ilikuwa imekubali taarifa ya onyo la mapatano ambayo ingeandamana na mauzo yote ya dawa ya kuzuia mimba. <ref name="1970 Year in Review, UPI.com"></ref> Wakati uo huo, jamii ilikuwa imeanza kuona matokeo ya kidonge katika majukumu ya jadi ya kijinsia. Wanawake sasa hakuhitajika kuchagua kati ya mahusiano na kazi, mwimbaji Loretta Lynn alitoa maoni kuhusu jambo hili katika albamu yake ya mwaka wa 1974 kupitia wimbo ulioitwa "The Pill", ambao ulisimulia kisa cha jinsi mwanamke aliyekuwa ameolewa alitumia dawa hizi kujikomboa kutoka kwa jukumu lake la kijadi la kuwa mke na mama. ==Athari ya mazingira== Mwanamke anayetumia COCP hutoa estrojeni asili, estroni (E1) na estradioli (E2), na estrojeni ethinilestradioli sanisi (EE2) kwa mkojo na kinyesi ambazo zinaingia kwenye maeneo ya kusafishia maji <ref name="williams">{{Rejea jarida|author=Williams RJ, Johnson AC, Smith JJ, Kanda R |year=2003 |title=Steroid estrogens profiles along river stretches arising from sewage treatment works discharges |journal=Environ Sci Technol |volume=37 |issue=9 |pages=1744–50 |pmid=12775044 | doi = 10.1021/es0202107}}</ref> na kuingia katika [[Mto|mito]]. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=A.T. |title=Not Quite Worry-Free |journal=Environment |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=6–7 |year=}}</ref> Aina nyingine za dawa za kuzuia mimba, kama vile kiraka, hutumia estrojeni (EE2) ileile sanisi ambayo hupatikana katika COCP, na inaweza kuongeza kiwango cha homoni katika maji wakati inavutwa chooni. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Batts, S. |title=Pouring Drugs Down the Drain |journal=Herizons |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=12–3 |year=}}</ref> Uchafu huo unasababisha uvurugaji wa endokrini, jambo ambalo huathiri maendeleo ya ngono na uzazi, katika [[samaki]] walio kwenye sehemu za mito zilizochafuliwa na maji taka yaliyotibiwa. <ref name="williams"></ref><ref name="zeilinger">{{Rejea jarida|author=Zeilinger J, Steger-Hartmann T, Maser E, Goller S, Vonk R, Länge R |title=Effects of synthetic gestagens on fish reproduction |journal=Environ. Toxicol. Chem. |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=2663–70 |year=2009 |month=Desemba |pmid=19469587 |doi=10.1897/08-485.1 }}</ref> Utafiti uliofanywa katika mito ya Uingereza uliunga mkono dhana kwamba matukio na ongezeko la shughuli za ngono kati ya samaki mwitu yalikuwa na uhusiano mkubwa na viwango vya E1, E2, na EE2 katika mito hiyo. <ref name="williams"></ref> Ukaguzi wa utendajikazi katika kiwanda kilichohusika na uchafu wa mafuta ulionyesha kwamba viwango vya kutolewa kwa estrojeni kulitofautiana pakubwa lakini ukaonyesha viwango vya wastani vya asilimia 78 kwa estroni, asilimia 91 kwa estradioli, na asilimia 76 kwa ethinilestradioli (viwango vya uchafu wa estrioli ni kati ya vile vya estroni na estradioli, lakini estrioli ni endokrini iliyo na nguvu kidogo sana katika samaki). <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Johnson AC, Williams RJ, Simpson P, Kanda R |year=2007 |title=What difference might sewage treatment performance make to endocrine disruption in rivers? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-pollution_2007-05_147_1/page/194 |journal=Environ Pollut |volume=147 |issue=1 |pages=194–202 |pmid=17030080 | doi = 10.1016/j.envpol.2006.08.032}}</ref> Viwango vya uchafu wa ethinilestradioli ni vya chini zaidi kuliko vya estradioli ambavyo viko chini vikilinganishwa na vya estroni, lakini ethinilestradioli ina nguvu zaidi kuliko estradioli ambayo pia ina nguvu zaidi kuliko estroni katika uanzishaji wa ngono kati ya samaki na usanisi wa vitellogenini katika samaki wa kiume. <ref>{{Rejea jarida|author=Johnson AC, Williams RJ |year=2004 |title=A model to estimate influent and effluent concentrations of estradiol, estrone, and ethinylestradiol at sewage treatment works |journal=Environ Sci Technol |volume=38 |issue= 13 |pages=3649–58 |pmid=15296317 |doi=10.1021/es035342u}}</ref> ==Marejeo == {{Marejeo|colwidth=30em}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-69-572/life_society/pill/ The Birth Control Pill] Nyaraka za Dijiti za CBC * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/index.html The Pill] {{Wayback|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/index.html |date=20100425122004 }} PBS.org * [http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/42292/the-birth-of-the-pill The Birth of the Pill] {{Wayback|url=http://www.life.com/image/first/in-gallery/42292/the-birth-of-the-pill |date=20100511003522 }} - onyesho la slaidi la ''Life Magazine'' [[Category:Madawa]] [[Jamii:Uzazi]] s9ijmufzb0jno6s9l6cfknr4bak1nmc 0 64784 1614146 1460139 2026-11-06T04:34:31Z Disembodied Soul 9487 rv hoax troll 1614146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = Selena Gomez |Img = Selena_Gomez_at_White_House.jpg |Img_capt = Selena nmano 2022 |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Selena Marie Gomez |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1992|07|22|df=yes}} |Asili yake = [[Marekani]] |Aina = [[Pop]], [[rock]] |Kazi yake = Mwimbaji, [[Mwanamitindo]], Mwigizaji |Miaka ya kazi = 2002–hadi leo |Studio = [[Hollywood Records]] |Ameshirikiana na = |Tovuti = {{URL|http://www.selenagomez.com}} }} '''Selena Marie Gomez''' (alizaliwa [[22 Julai]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] [[filamu]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa kike kutoka nchi ya [[Marekani]]. Alianza kuigiza filamu akiwa na [[umri]] wa miaka kumi tu. Baadaye akaanza kuimba pia katika bendi, na kutoa albamu kama ''Kiss & Tell'', ''A Year Without Rain'' na ''When the Sun Goes Down''. ==Filamu== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Mwaka ! Filamu ! Kama ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2003 | ''Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over'' | Waterpark Girl | |- | 2005 | ''Walker, Texas Ranger: Trial by Fire'' | Julie | |- | 2008 | ''Another Cinderella Story'' | Mary Santiago | Alishinda tuzo mbili |- | 2008 | ''Horton Hears a Who!'' | Helga | |- | 2009 | ''Princess Protection Program'' | Carter Mason | Alishinda tuzo ya ''Teen Choice Award'' |- | 2009 | ''Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie'' | Alex Russo | |- | 2009 | ''Arthur and the Revenge of Maltazard'' | Princess Selenia | |- | 2010 | ''Arthur 3: The War of the Two Worlds'' | Princess Selenia | |- | 2010 | ''Ramona and Beezus'' | Beezus Quimby | |- | 2011 | ''Monte Carlo'' | Grace Bennett / Cordelia Winthrop Scott | Alishinda tuzo ya Hollywood Teen TV Award |- | 2011 | ''The Muppets'' | Yeye mwenyewe | |- | 2012 | ''Funny or Die'' | Woman | |- | 2012 | ''Hotel Transylvania'' | Mavis | |- | 2013 | ''Spring Breakers'' | Faith | |- | 2013 | ''Aftershock'' | Shelby | |- | 2013 | ''Getaway'' | Kid | |- | 2013 | ''Girl Rising'' | Mtangazaji | |- | 2013 | ''Searching'' | Violet | |- |2014 | ''Behaving Badly'' | Nina Pennington | |- |2014 |''Rudderless'' | Kate Ann Lucas | |- |2015 | ''Unity'' | Mtangazaji | |- |2015 | ''Hotel Transylvania 2'' | Marvis | |- |2015 | ''The Big Short'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''The Fundamentals of Caring'' | Dot | |- |2016 | ''Neighbors 2: Sororoty Rising'' | Madison | |- |2016 | ''In Dubious Battle'' | Lisa | |- |2018 | ''Hotel Transylvania 3'' | Mavis | |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Tamthilia |- ! Mwaka ! Tamthilia ! Kama ! class="unsortable" | Maelezo |- | 2002–04 | ''Barney & Friends'' | Gianna | Vipindi 14 |- | 2006 | ''Brain Zapped'' | Emily Grace Garcia | |- | 2006 | ''The Suite Life of Zack & Cody'' | Gwen | Kipindi 48: "A Midsummer's Nightmare" (2.22) |- | 2007 | ''Arwin!'' | Alexa | |- | 2007 | ''What's Stevie Thinking?'' | Stefanie "Stevie" Sanchez | |- | 2007–08 | ''Hannah Montana'' | Mikayla | |- | 2007–12 | ''Wizards of Waverly Place'' | Alex Russo | Alishinda tuzo 15 |- | 2008 | ''Jonas Brothers: Living the Dream'' | Mwenyewe | "Hello Hollywood" (1.7) |- | 2008 | ''Studio DC: Almost Live'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2008 | ''Disney Channel Games'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2009 | ''The Suite Life on Deck'' | Alex Russo | Kipindi cha 21: "Double-Crossed" (1.21) |- | 2009 | ''Sonny with a Chance'' | Herself | Kipindi cha 13: "Battle of the Networks' Stars" (1.13) |- | 2011 | ''So Random!'' | Mwenyewe | |- | 2011 | ''PrankStars'' | Herself | Kipindi: "Something to Chew On" |- |2013 | ''The Wizards Return: Alex vs Alex'' | Alex Russo | |- |2014-15 | ''We Day'' | Mtangazaji | |- |2015 | ''The Voice'' | Mwenyewe/Mwalimu | |- |2015 | ''The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''Saturday Night Live'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2016 | ''Inside Amy Schumer'' | Mwenyewe | |- |2017 |'' 13 Reasons Why'' | Mtayarishaji | |- |} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gomez, Selena}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 78m10115u3skd51tsmfqdibrxc3xhw2 0 66042 1613973 1612783 2026-11-05T19:51:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Shakira | Img = 2023-11-16 Gala de los Latin Grammy, 03 (cropped)02.jpg | Img_capt = Shakira, mnamo 2023. | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll | Amezaliwa = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1977|2|2}} | Asili yake = [[Barranquilla]], Colombia | Kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], [[mwanamuziki]] | Ala = [[Sauti]] | Aina = [[Pop]], latin pop | Aina ya sauti = | Miaka ya kazi = 1988–hadi leo | Studio = Columbia Records, Epic Records, Live Nation. | Ameshirikiana na = | Tovuti = {{url|shakira.com}} }} '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (au '''Shakira''' ; alizaliwa Barranquilla, [[Colombia]], [[2 Februari]] [[1977]]),<ref name="Origin"> {{cite web| url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment / 4406486.stm | title = Shakira fahari ya background ya Kiarabu | tarehe = 4 Novemba 2005 | kazi = BBC Habari | dyddiadcyrchu = 10 Februari 2009}} </ref> ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi]], [[mwanamuziki]] na [[mtayarishaji]] wa rekodi za [[muziki]] kutoka nchini [[Kolombia]]. Shakira ni msemaji wa [[Kihispania]], na anaongea kwa ufasaha [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kireno]], na kidogo pia [[Kiitalia]], [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kiarabu]]. ambayo nayo ilichangia kuongezeka kwa ujifunzaji na matumizi ya [[Kihispania|lugha ya Kihispania]] duniani kote. <ref name="UnstoppableSpanish">{{Rejea tovuti|date=24 January 2024|author=Moreno Cazalla|first=Lourdes|title=Unstoppable? Reggaeton has got the world listening to Spanish – here's what the language data tells us|url=https://theconversation.com/unstoppable-reggaeton-has-got-the-world-listening-to-spanish-heres-what-the-language-data-tells-us-221531|accessdate=19 September 2025|work=The Conversation}}</ref> Akiwa mpokeaji wa tuzo mbalimbali, ameshinda [[Grammy Awards|Tuzo 4 za Grammy]] na Tuzo 15 za Grammy za Kilatini, ikiwa ni pamoja na ushindi 3 wa Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka . == Diskografia == ===Albamu=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu, pamoja na nafasi zilizoshika, mauzo na matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:15em;"| Maelezo ! scope="col" colspan="11"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Mauzo |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Austria <br /><ref name=austrianchart>{{cite web|title=Discographie Shakira|url=http://austriancharts.at/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Austrian Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=German}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ubelgiji<br />(WA)]]<br /><ref name=belgianwalloniachart>{{cite web|title=Shakira|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/artist/Shakira|publisher=[[Ultratop]] (Wallonia). Hung Medien|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=French|format=''Click on the ''Classements'' tab and then on the ''Singles/Albums'' tab ''}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ufaransa <br /><ref name=frenchchart>{{cite web|title=Discographie Shakira|url=http://www.lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Les Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=French}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ujerumani <br /><ref name=germanchart>{{cite web|title=Discographie von Shakira|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Shakira|publisher=Offizielle Deutsche Charts|accessdate=22 September 2018|language=German|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922211559/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artistId=Shakira|archivedate=2018-09-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Italy <br /><ref name="italianchart">{{cite web|title=Search for: Shakira|url=https://italiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Italian Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Mexico<br /><ref name="mexicanalbumschart">Shakira's chart positions in Mexico (Albums)<br /> *For ''[[Fijación_Oral,_Vol._1]]'' and ''[[Oral_Fixation,_Vol._2]]'': {{cite web |title=Top 100 Album|url=http://www.amprofon.com.mx/Archivos/PDF/top_anual/Top_100_Album_2005.pdf|publisher=[[AMPROFON]]|accessdate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100215130547/http://www.amprofon.com.mx/Archivos/PDF/top_anual/Top_100_Album_2005.pdf|archivedate=15 February 2010|language=Spanish|deadurl=yes|df=dmy}} *For ''[[Oral Fixation Tour (album)|Oral Fixation Tour]]'', ''[[She_Wolf]]'' (''Loba''), ''[[Sale_el_Sol]]'' and ''[[Live from Paris (Shakira album)|Live from Paris]]'': {{cite web |title=Discography Shakira|url=http://mexicancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Mexican Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190536/http://mexicancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|archivedate=21 September 2013|deadurl=yes|df=dmy|https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190536/http://mexicancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921190536/http://mexicancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira}} *For ''[[Shakira (album)|Shakira]]'': {{cite web |title=Twitter / Amprofon:Puesto #2 del #Top100MX del...|url=https://twitter.com/Amprofon/status/458636670540066816|publisher=Official account of [[AMPROFON]] on [[Twitter]]|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=Spanish|date=22 April 2014}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Spain <br /><ref name="spanishalbumschart">Shakira's chart positions in Spain (Albums)<br /> * For ''[[Laundry_Service]]'': {{cite journal |author1=Nielsen Business Media |first1=Inc |date=19 January 2002 |title=Hits of the World - Spain |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1Q8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA64&dq=intitle:billboard++%22servicio%22#v=onepage&q=intitle%3Abillboard%20%20%22servicio%22&f=false |journal=Billboard |volume=114 |issue=3 |page=64 |issn=0006-2510 |accessdate=7 July 2014}} * For albums from 2005-present: {{cite web|title=Search for: Shakira|url=https://spanishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Spanish Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uswisi <br /><ref name=swisscharts>{{cite web|title=Shakira|url=http://swisscharts.com/artist/Shakira#charts|publisher=Swiss Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=22 September 2018|language=German|format=''Click on the ''Charts'' tab and then on the ''Songs/Alben'' tab ''}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uingereza <br /><ref name="ukchart">Peaks for Shakira in the United Kingdom: * All except noted: {{cite web|title=Shakira – Artist|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/11718/shakira/|publisher=[[Official Charts]]|accessdate=22 September 2018}} * "Try Everything": {{cite web|title=CHART: CLUK Update 9.04.2016 (wk14)|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/160409cluk.txt|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Marekani<br /><ref name=billboard200>{{cite web|title=Shakira – Chart history (Billboard 200)|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/shakira/chart-history/billboard-200|website=Billboard|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Latin<br /><ref name=billboardlatinalbums>{{cite web|title=Shakira – Chart history (Top Latin Albums)|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/278867/shakira/chart?f=330|website=Billboard|accessdate=7 July 2014|archivedate=2019-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331124332/https://www.billboard.com/artist/278867/shakira/chart?f=330}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Magia'' | * Ilitolewa: 24 Juni 1991 (COL)<ref name=Magianotes>{{cite AV media notes|title=Magia|others=Shakira|year=1991|publisher=[[Sony Music|Sony Music Columbia]]|type=back cover|id=14464663}}</ref> * Lebo: Sony Records | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| ''Peligro'' | * Ilitolewa: 25 Machi 1993 (COL)<ref name=Peligronotes>{{cite AV media notes|title=Peligro|others=Shakira|year=1993|publisher=Sony Columbia|type=back cover|id=51473102}}</ref> * Lebo: Sony Colombia | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |- ! scope="row"| ''Pies Descalzos'' | * Ilitolewa: 6 Oktoba 1995 (COL) * Lebo: Sony Music | — || — || — || 71 || — || — || — || — || — || — || 5 | * Marekani: Platinum<ref name=uscert>{{Certification Cite|region=United States|artist=Shakira|accessdate= 13 May 2018}}</ref> | * Duniani: 5,000,000<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dG3So8_v4uYC&pg=PA130&dq=%22pies+descalzos%22+%22shakira%22+%22million+copies%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Cn-1Uf1iz4TRAfG_gOAN&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Latin American popular culture|last=Natella|first=Arthur|publisher=McFarland & Co|year=2008|isbn=9780786435111|page=131}}</ref> *Marekani: 580,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=Estevez|first1=Marjua|title=The Top 25 Biggest Selling Latin Albums of the Last 25 Years: Selena, Shakira & More|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/8005603/selena-quintanilla-top-selling-latin-albums-ranking-25-years|website=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=18 October 2017|date=17 October 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' | * Ilitolewa: 29 Septemba 1998 (Marekani)<ref name=dondeallmusic>{{cite web|last1=Henderson|first1=Alex|title=Dónde Están los Ladrones? – Shakira|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/d%C3%B3nde-est%C3%A1n-los-ladrones-mw0000045951|publisher=AllMusic|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> * Lebo: [[Sony Music Latin]] | — || — || — || 79 || — || — || — || 73 || — || 131 || 1 | * Mexico: 2× Platinum<ref name=dondemexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 1999|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=199872013470751&set=a.199864866804799.19026.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Fscontent-a-hkg.xx.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-xaf1%2Ft1.0-9%2F397646_199872013470751_437852859_n.jpg&size=590%2C707|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * Spain: Platinum<ref name=dondespanishcert>{{cite web|title=Discos de platino y oro 1999|url=http://www.elmundo.es/anuario/2000/sec/syc/427.htm|website=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]]|publisher=[[Unidad Editorial]]|accessdate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312194218/http://www.elmundo.es/anuario/2000/sec/syc/427.htm|archivedate=12 March 2005|language=Spanish}}</ref> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name=uscert /> | * Duniani: 10,000,000<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/29460.html|title=Vendrá Shakira a México a promover nuevo disco|date=26 October 2001|work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|accessdate=6 January 2017|language=es|archivedate=2019-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404072522/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/espectaculos/29460.html}}</ref> *Marekani: 920,000 |- ! scope="row"| ''Laundry Service'' | * Ilitolewa: 13 November 2001 <ref name=laundrynotes>{{cite AV media notes|title=Laundry Service|others=Shakira|year=2001|publisher=[[Epic Records|Epic]]|type=back cover}}</ref> * Lebo: Epic Records | 1 || 5 || 5 || 2 || 2 || — || 2 || 1 || 2 || 3 || — | * Ufaransa: 2× Platinum<ref name=frenchcerts>{{cite web|title=Les Certifications|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=0&awards_awd=0&awards_artist=Shakira&awards_title=&awards_edit_distrib=&submitAdvanced=Rechercher|publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|SNEP]]|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=French|archivedate=2018-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716053754/http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=0&awards_awd=0&awards_artist=Shakira&awards_title=&awards_edit_distrib=&submitAdvanced=Rechercher}}</ref> * Ujerumani: 5× Gold<ref name=germancerts>{{cite web|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (''Enter ''Shakira'' in ''Interpret'' and click on ''Suchen'''') |url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/no_cache/gold_platin_datenbank/#topSearch |publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie|BVMI]] |accessdate=22 November 2013 |language=German |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202022835/http://www.musikindustrie.de/no_cache/gold_platin_datenbank/ |archivedate=2 December 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=laundrymexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2002|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=243205892470696&set=a.243205849137367.1073741832.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Fscontent-a-ams.xx.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-frc3%2Ft1.0-9%2F1016445_243205892470696_1446428230_n.jpg&size=590%2C707|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 5× Platinum<ref name=laundryspacert>{{cite web|title=Top 100 Albumes|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listassemanales/albumes/historial/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES%2006_17.pdf|publisher=[[Productores de Música de España|PROMUSICAE]]|accessdate=23 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017085616/http://promusicae.es/files/listassemanales/albumes/historial/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES%2006_17.pdf|archivedate=17 October 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> * Uswisi: 5× Platinum<ref name=swisscerts>{{cite web|title=Awards|url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Shakira|publisher=Swiss Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=23 November 2013}}</ref> * Uingereza: 2× Platinum<ref name=ukcerts>{{cite web|title=Certified Awards |url=http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx |publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry|BPI]] |accessdate=7 July 2014 |format=''Enter ''Shakira'' in ''Keywords:'' and click on ''Search'' '' |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716112934/http://www.bpi.co.uk/certified-awards.aspx |archivedate=16 July 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name=uscert /> | * Duniani: 13,000,000<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/shakiras_songs_are_the_heart_of_her_success|title=Shakira’s Songs Are the Heart of Her Success|date=30 July 2007|access-date=24 September 2016}}</ref> *Marekani: 3,526,000<ref>{{cite web|last1=Trust|first1=Gary|title=Ask Billboard: Shakira's Biggest Hot 100 hits|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/5930276/ask-billboard-shakiras-biggest-hot-100-hits|website=Billboard|accessdate=7 July 2014|date=7 March 2014}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row"| ''Fijación Oral, Vol. 1'' | * Ilitolewa: 3 Juni 2005 <ref name=fijacionnotes>{{cite AV media notes|title=Fijación Oral, Vol. 1|others=Shakira|year=2005|publisher=Epic|type=back cover}}</ref> * Lebo: Epic | 2 || 6 || 6 || 1 || 18 || 1 || 1 || 2 || — || 4 || 1 | * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name=germancerts /> * AMPROFON: 3× Platinum<ref name=fijacionmexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2005|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=227790920678860&set=a.227787794012506.1073741827.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xfp1%2Ft1.0-9%2F969829_227790920678860_347440517_n.png&size=590%2C707|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 3× Platinum<ref name=fijacionspanishcert>{{cite web|title=Top 100 Albumes|url=http://www.promusicae.es/files/listassemanales/albumes/historial/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES%2008_14.pdf|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=7 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213330/http://promusicae.es/files/listassemanales/albumes/historial/TOP%20100%20ALBUMES%2008_14.pdf|archivedate=4 October 2013|language=Spanish}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * RIAA: 11× Platinum ({{small|[[RIAA certification#Spanish|Latin]]}})<ref name=uscert /> | *Marekani: 1,019,000 |- ! scope="row"| ''Oral Fixation, Vol. 2'' | * Ilitolewa: 28 Novemba 2005 <ref name=oralnotes>{{cite AV media notes|title=Oral Fixation, Vol. 2|others=Shakira|year=2005|publisher=Epic|type=back cover}}</ref> * Lebo: Epic | 6 || 12 || 8 || 4 || 6 || 4 || 3 || 3 || 12 || 5 || — | * SNEP: Platinum<ref name=frenchcerts /> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name=germancerts /> * AMPROFON: Platinum+Gold<ref name=oralmexicancert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2006|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=201626766628609&set=a.201625403295412.19184.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xpa1%2Ft1.0-9%2F73349_201626766628609_631891526_n.jpg&size=586%2C705|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: Platinum<ref name=fijacionspanishcert /> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Platinum<ref name=ukcerts /> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name=uscert /> | *Marekani: 1,745,000 |- ! scope="row"| ''She Wolf'' | * Ilitolewa: 9 Oktoba 2009 (Ujerumani)<ref name=shewolfreleasebb>{{cite web|last1=Ben-Yehuda|first1=Ayala|title=Shakira's "She Wolf" Gets Nov. 23 U.S. Release Date|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1263988/shakiras-she-wolf-gets-nov-23-us-release-date|website=Billboard|accessdate=7 July 2014|date=21 October 2009|archivedate=2019-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417034033/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/1263988/shakiras-she-wolf-gets-nov-23-us-release-date}}</ref> * Label: Epic | 4 || 11 || 7 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 4 || 15 || — | *SNEP: Gold<ref name=frenchcerts /> *BVMI: Gold<ref name=germancerts /> *[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana|FIMI]]: Platinum<ref name=italiancerts>{{cite web|title=Certificazioni|url=http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni#/category:tutte/page:0/term:Shakira|publisher=[[FIMI]]|accessdate=8 July 2014|language=Italian|archive-date=2018-01-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081416/http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni#/category:tutte/page:0/term:Shakira|url-status=dead}}</ref> *AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=shewolfmexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2009|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=212372482220704&set=a.212370725554213.20142.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-b-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xfa1%2Ft1.0-9%2F33938_212372482220704_459045546_n.jpg&size=590%2C707|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=8 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> *PROMUSICAE: Platinum<ref name=shewolfspacert>{{cite web|title=Shakira – Loba|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-1479-shakira-loba|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=8 July 2014|archivedate=2014-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222411/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-1479-shakira-loba}}</ref> *BPI: Gold<ref name=ukcerts /> | * Duniani: 2,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-15073791|title=Shakira to be named Latin Grammy Person of the Year|date=27 September 2011|publisher=[[BBC]]|accessdate=12 April 2018}}</ref> *Marekani: 480,000<ref name=shewolfsaleus2010>{{cite web|last=Yehuda|first=Ayala Ben|title=Shakira Announces U.S. Tour Dates|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/958372/shakira-announces-us-tour-dates|website=Billboard|accessdate=12 August 2015|date=4 May 2010}}</ref>}} |- ! scope="row"| ''Sale el Sol'' | * Ilitolewa: 19 Oktoba 2010 <ref name=salereleaseshakira.com>{{cite web|title=Sale El Sol out today!|url=http://archive.shakira.com/news/title/sale-el-sol-out-today|publisher=Shakira.com (Archive)|accessdate=7 July 2014|date=19 October 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019130234/http://archive.shakira.com/news/title/sale-el-sol-out-today|archivedate=19 October 2013}}</ref> * Lebo: Epic | 3 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || — || 7 || 1 | * SNEP: Diamond<ref name=frenchcerts /> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name=germancerts /> * FIMI: Platinum<ref name=italiancerts /> * AMPROFON: Platinum+Gold<ref name=salemexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2010|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=220128481445104&set=a.220127114778574.1073741825.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-prn1%2F73183_220128481445104_1423005867_n.jpg&size=584%2C703|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=8 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 2× Platinum<ref name=salespacert>{{cite web|title=Shakira – Sale el Sol|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-2686-shakira-sale-el-sol|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=8 July 2014|archivedate=2017-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705062720/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-2686-shakira-sale-el-sol}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name=swisscerts /> * RIAA: Diamond <ref name=uscert /> * Ilitolewa: 21 Machi 2014 (Ujerumani)<ref name=shakreleasegermany>{{cite web|title=Shakira. von Shakira|url=https://itunes.apple.com/de/album/shakira./id824516836|publisher=[[iTunes Store]] (Germany). [[Apple Inc]]|accessdate=7 July 2014|language=German|date=21 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181121205319/https://itunes.apple.com/de/album/shakira./id824516836|archivedate=2018-11-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Lebo: RCA Records, Live Nation, Sony Music Latin | 3 || 11 || 6 || 5 || 3 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 14 || 2 || — | * SNEP: Gold<ref name=frenchcerts /> * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=shamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones Mensuales 2014|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=286669648124320&set=a.271393712985247.1073741838.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xpf1%2Ft1.0-9%2F10151297_286669648124320_3772052156120881408_n.png&size=589%2C708|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=8 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: Gold<ref name=shaspacert>{{cite web|title=Shakira – Shakira|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-7977-shakira-shakira|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=8 July 2014|archivedate=2014-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410145343/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/album-7977-shakira-shakira}}</ref> | |- ! scope="row"| ''El Dorado'' | * Ilitolewa: 26 Mei 2017 * Lebo: Sony Music Latin | 10 || 2 || 4 || 19 || 12 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 54 || 15 || 1 | * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name="AMPROFON">https://twitter.com/Amprofon/status/1016336625180266496</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * PROMUSICAE: Gold<ref name="PROMUSICAE">https://twitter.com/ShakiraMedia/status/1015689975176876037</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name=frenchcerts /> * RIAA: Diamond (10x Platinum) ({{small|[[RIAA certification#Spanish|Latin]]}})<ref name=uscert /> | |- ! scope="row"| ''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran'' | * Ilitolewa: 2024 * Lebo: Sony Music Latin | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | |} ===Nyimbo=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya ntimbo, pamoja na nafasi iliyoshika, matunukio, mwaka iliyotoka, na albamu yake. ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:18em;"| Nyimbo ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="11"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Australia<br/><ref name=australiancharts>{{cite web|title=Discography Shakira|url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Shakira|publisher=Australian Charts. Hung Medien|accessdate=9 July 2014}} * "Try Everything": {{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/07/chart-watch-376/|title=CHART WATCH #376|publisher=auspOp|date=9 July 2016|accessdate=9 July 2016|archivedate=2016-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822090454/https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/07/chart-watch-376/}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ubelgiji<br />(WA)<br /><ref name=belgianwalloniachart /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ufaransa<br/><ref name=frenchchart /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ujerumani<br/><ref name=germanchart/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Italy<br /><ref name=italiansingleschart>{{cite web|title=Search for: Shakira|url=http://italiancharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&search=Shakira|publisher=Italian Charts|accessdate=9 July 2014}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Mexico<br /><ref name="monitorlatinochart">Shakira's chart positions in Mexico, after of 2009 the song are charted by ([[Monitor_Latino]])<br /> * For "She Wolf" ("Loba"): {{cite web|title=Continúa Shakira en la cima del éxito radial con Loba|url=http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2009/143325/6/continua-shakira-en-la-cima-del-exito-radial-con-loba.htm|work=[[El Informador (Mexico)|El Informador]]|publisher=Unión Editorialista|accessdate=15 July 2014|language=Spanish|date=5 October 2009|archivedate=2015-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509012936/http://www.informador.com.mx/entretenimiento/2009/143325/6/continua-shakira-en-la-cima-del-exito-radial-con-loba.htm}} * For "Did It Again" ("Lo Hecho Está Hecho"): {{cite web|title=Top 20 General|url=http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx|publisher=[[Monitor Latino]]. RadioNotas|accessdate=15 July 2014|language=Spanish|date=5 October 2009|archivedate=2012-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414190944/http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx}} * For "Gypsy" ("Gitana"): {{cite web|title=Shakira alcanza la cima con su 'Gitana'|url=http://www2.esmas.com/entretenimiento/musica/noticias/154759/shakira-alcanza-cima-con-gitana/|publisher=[[Esmas.com]]. [[Televisa]]|accessdate=15 July 2014|language=Spanish|date=12 April 2010|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050943/http://www2.esmas.com/entretenimiento/musica/noticias/154759/shakira-alcanza-cima-con-gitana/}} * For "Loca": {{cite web|title=lega Adictiva Banda San José al primer lugar de Monitor latino|url=http://mx.noticias.hispavista.com/espectaculos/20101129134400010/llega-adictiva-banda-jos-monitor-latino/|publisher=[[Notimex]]. [[:es:Hispavista|Hispavista]]|accessdate=15 July 2014|language=Spanish|date=29 November 2010|archivedate=2014-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715174856/http://mx.noticias.hispavista.com/espectaculos/20101129134400010/llega-adictiva-banda-jos-monitor-latino/}} * For "Sale el Sol": {{cite web|title=Top 20 General|url=http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=15 July 2014|archivedate=2012-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414190944/http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx}} * For "Antes de las Seis": {{cite web|title=Top 20 General|url=http://www.monitorlatino.com/|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=15 July 2014|language=Spanish|archivedate=2019-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401203446/http://monitorlatino.com/}} * For "Addicted to You": {{cite web|title=Top 20 General|url=http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=15 July 2013|archivedate=2012-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414190944/http://www.radionotas.com/charts_mx.aspx}} * For "Can't Remember to Forget You": {{cite web|title=Top 20 General|url=http://monitorlatino.com.mx//Charts/General21720142232014.html|publisher=Monitor Latino|accessdate=23 December 2018|archivedate=2014-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227122205/http://monitorlatino.com.mx//Charts/General21720142232014.html}} * For "Trap": {{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2018-02-10/mexico|title=Mexico Airplay: The Week of February 10, 2018|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=6 February 2018|subscription=yes|archivedate=2019-03-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331113948/https://www.billboard.com/biz/charts/2018-02-10/mexico}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Spain<br/><ref name=spanishsingleschart>{{cite web|title=Search for: Shakira|url=http://www.spanishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&search=Shakira|publisher=Spanish Charts|accessdate=9 July 2014}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uswisi<br/><ref name=swisscharts /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uingereza<br/><ref name=ukchart /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Marekani<br/><ref name=billboardhot100>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Chart history (The Hot 100)|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/shakira/chart-history/hot-100|website=Billboard|accessdate=22 September 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Latin<br/><ref name=billboardlatinsongs>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Chart history (Hot Latin Songs)|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/shakira/chart-history/latin-songs|publisher=Billboard|accessdate=23 December 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Peligro" | rowspan="4"| 1993 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || -- | | rowspan="4"| ''Peligro'' |- ! scope="row"| "Brujería" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || -- |- ! scope="row"| "Eres" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || -- |- ! scope="row"| "Tú Serás La Historia De Mi Vida" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || -- |- ! scope="row"| "[[Estoy Aquí]]" | 1995 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 2 | | rowspan="6"| ''Pies Descalzos'' |- ! scope="row"| "¿Dónde Estás Corazón?" | rowspan="3"| 1996 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 5 | |- ! scope="row"| "Pies Descalzos, Sueños Blancos" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —<ref name=billboardlatinpopsongs>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Chart history (Latin Pop Songs)|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/278867/shakira/chart?f=372|website=Billboard|accessdate=10 July 2014|archivedate=2015-11-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123131538/http://www.billboard.com/artist/278867/Shakira/chart?f=372}}</ref>}} | |- ! scope="row"| "Un Poco de Amor" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Antología" | rowspan="2"| 1997 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 15 | |- ! scope="row"| "Se Quiere, Se Mata" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 8 | |- ! scope="row"| "Ciega, Sordomuda" | rowspan="3"| 1998 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 1 | | rowspan="6"| ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' |- ! scope="row"| "Tú" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 1 | |- ! scope="row"| "Inevitable" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 3 | |- ! scope="row"| "No Creo" | rowspan="3"| 1999 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 9 | |- ! scope="row"| "Ojos Así" | — || 16 || 15 || — || — || — || — || 33 || — || — || 22 | |- ! scope="row"| "Moscas en la Casa" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 25 | |- ! scope="row"| "Whenever, Wherever" / "Suerte" | 2001 | 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 2 || 6 || 1 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name=austsingles2002cert>{{cite web|title=ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2002 Singles |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-singles-2002.htm |publisher=[[ARIA]] |accessdate=9 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307065825/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-accreditations-singles-2002.htm |archivedate=7 March 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> * FIMI: Gold<ref name="italiancerts" /> * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="ukcerts" /> | rowspan="6"| ''Laundry Service'' |- ! scope="row"| "Underneath Your Clothes" | rowspan="4"| 2002 | 1 || 7 || 2 || 2 || 3 || — || — || 2 || 3 || 9 || — | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name=austsingles2002cert /> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="ukcerts" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Objection" / <br>"Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango)" | 2 || 8 || 10 || 19 || 6 || — || — || 10 || 17 || 55 || 16 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name=austsingles2002cert /> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Te Dejo Madrid" | — || — || — || — || — || — || 7 || — || — || — || 45 |- ! scope="row"| "Que Me Quedes Tú" | — || — || — || — || — || — || 10 || — || — || — || 1 | |- ! scope="row"| "The One" | 2003 | 16 || 21 || — || 39 || 20 || — || — || 17 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "La Tortura" <br/><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Alejandro Sanz]])</span> | rowspan="3"| 2005 | — || 5 || 7 || 4 || 3 || — || 1 || 2 || — || 23 || 1 | * BVMI: Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=latorturamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2007|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=201592166632069&set=a.200348553423097.19077.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Fscontent-b-lhr.xx.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-frc3%2Ft1.0-9%2F486055_201592166632069_1172051771_n.png&size=591%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * RIAA: Gold<ref name="uscert" /> * RIAA: 32× Platinum</span><ref name="uscert" /> | rowspan="2"| ''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' |- ! scope="row"| "No" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Gustavo Cerati]])</span> | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 11 | |- ! scope="row"| "Don't Bother" | 30 || 32 || 24 || 7 || 8 || — || — || 8 || 9 || 42 || — | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="uscert" /> | ''Oral Fixation Vol. 2'' |- ! scope="row"| "Día de Enero" | rowspan="3"| 2006 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 29 | | ''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' |- ! scope="row"| "Hips Don't Lie" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Wyclef Jean]])</span> | 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name=aust2006singlescert>{{cite web |title=ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2006 Singles |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Singles.htm |publisher=ARIA |accessdate=9 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64wvT6oq3?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Singles.htm |archivedate=25 January 2012 |df=dmy }}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="germancerts" /> * FIMI: Gold<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=hipsmexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2007|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=201589886632297&set=a.200348553423097.19077.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-frc1%2Ft1.0-9%2F184724_201589886632297_202702434_n.png&size=592%2C709|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="ukcerts" /> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="uscert" /> | rowspan="2"| ''Oral Fixation Vol. 2'' |- ! scope="row"| "Illegal" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Carlos Santana]])</span> | — || 9 || 16 || 11 || 11 || 4 || — || 10 || 34 || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Las de la Intuición" | rowspan="2"| 2007 | — || — || — || — || — || — || 1 || — || — || — || 31 | * PROMUSICAE: 7× Platinum<ref name=intuitionspacert>{{cite web|url = http://www.promusicae.com/files/imagenes/file/TOP20ANO2007DESCARGASCANCIONESYTONOS.PDF|title = Canciones Top 20 Anual - 2007|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110715122845/http://www.promusicae.com/files/imagenes/file/TOP20ANO2007DESCARGASCANCIONESYTONOS.PDF|archivedate = 15 July 2011|language = Spanish}}</ref> | ''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' |- ! scope="row"| "Beautiful Liar" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Beyoncé]])</span> | 5 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 10 | * BVMI: Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * PROMUSICAE: 3× Platinum<ref name=intuitionspacert /> * BPI: Gold<ref name="ukcerts" /> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="uscert" /> | ''[[B'Day (Beyoncé album)|B'Day]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "She Wolf" | rowspan="3"| 2009 | 18 || 5 || 4 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 11 || 1 | * FIMI: Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: Platinum<ref name=shewolfmexsinglecert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2011|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=265914576866494&set=a.249543541836931.1073741834.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-ash3%2Ft1%2F1509953_265914576866494_586966348_n.jpg&size=592%2C709|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 2× Platinum<ref name=shewolfsinglespacert>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1568-2590-shakira-loba-remix|title = Shakira - Loba (Remix)|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|last = |first = |archivedate = 2016-04-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160414084350/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1568-2590-shakira-loba-remix}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Gold<ref name="ukcerts" /> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="uscert" /> | rowspan="4"| ''She Wolf'' |- ! scope="row"| "Did It Again" | — || —<ref name=diditagainultratip>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Did It Again|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/97445/Shakira-Did-It-Again|publisher=Ultratop (Wallonia)|accessdate=11 July 2014|language=French}}</ref> || — || 34 || 15 || 3 || 12 || 29 || 26 || —<ref name=billboardbubbling100>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/shakira/chart-history/bubbling-under-hot-100|title=Shakira – Chart history (Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles)|website=Billboard|accessdate=7 August 2018}}</ref> || 6 | * PROMUSICAE: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1479-3373-shakira-lo-hecho-esta-hecho-con-pitbull|title = Shakira - Did It Again (featuring Pitbull)|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|last = |first = |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170923193832/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1479-3373-shakira-lo-hecho-esta-hecho-con-pitbull|archive-date = 23 September 2017|dead-url = yes|df = dmy-all|archivedate = 2017-09-23|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20170923193832/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1479-3373-shakira-lo-hecho-esta-hecho-con-pitbull}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Give It Up to Me" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Lil Wayne]])</span> | —<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20100205-0000/issue1041.pdf|title=The ARIA Report: Week Commencing 8 February 2010|publisher=[[Pandora Archive]]|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 29 || — | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="uscert" /> |- ! scope="row"| "Gypsy" | rowspan="3"| 2010 | — || 40 || — || 7 || — || 1 || 3 || 12 || — || 65 || 6 | * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=gypsymexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2011|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=265914703533148&set=a.249543541836931.1073741834.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-prn2%2F1470180_265914703533148_1761131418_n.jpg&size=591%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1479-4253-shakira-gitana-gypsy-spanish-version|title = Shakira - Gitana (Gypsy Spanish Version)|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|last = |first = |archivedate = 2016-04-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160414070736/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-1479-4253-shakira-gitana-gypsy-spanish-version}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Freshlyground]])</span> | 32 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || — || 1 || 1 || 21 || 38 || 2 | * SNEP: Platinum<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * FIMI: 6× Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * BVMI: 5× Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=wakamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2012|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=238101922981093&set=a.237164359741516.1073741828.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xaf1%2Ft1.0-9%2F1044279_238101922981093_870149616_n.png&size=592%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 6× Platinum<ref name=wakaspacert>{{cite web|title=Shakira featuring Freshlyground - Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-2345-4256-shakira-featuring-freshlyground-waka-waka-esto-es-africa|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=4 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710105251/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-2345-4256-shakira-featuring-freshlyground-waka-waka-esto-es-africa|archive-date=10 July 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all|archivedate=2014-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710105251/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-2345-4256-shakira-featuring-freshlyground-waka-waka-esto-es-africa}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: 3× Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="ukcerts" /> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="uscert" /> | ''Listen Up! The Official 2010 FIFA World Cup Album'' |- ! scope="row"| "Loca" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[El Cata]] / [[Dizzee Rascal]])</span> | — || 1 || 2 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || — || 32 || 1 | * BVMI: Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * FIMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=locamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2012|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=238101942981091&set=a.237164359741516.1073741828.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-f-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xfa1%2Ft1.0-9%2F1012663_238101942981091_1542728844_n.png&size=592%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-2686-4923-shakira-el-cata-loca-feat-el-cata|title = Shakira - Loca (feat. El Cata)|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|last = |first = |archivedate = 2016-04-14|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160414065006/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-2686-4923-shakira-el-cata-loca-feat-el-cata}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> | rowspan="4"| ''Sale el Sol'' |- ! scope="row"| "Sale el Sol" | rowspan="4"| 2011 | — || —<ref name=saleultratip>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Sale el Sol|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/b9031/Shakira-Sale-el-sol|publisher=Ultratop (Wallonia)|accessdate=11 July 2014|language=French}}</ref>}} || — || — || — || 1 || 8 || — || — || — || 10 | * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=salemexsinglecert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2011|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=265914760199809&set=a.249543541836931.1073741834.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-c-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-prn2%2Ft1%2F1466140_265914760199809_2044560766_n.jpg&size=591%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: Gold<ref name=2011spacerts>{{cite web|url = http://promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf|title = Top 50 Canciones Anual 2011|date = |accessdate = 10 July 2014|website = |publisher = PROMUSICAE|last = |first = |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130621062532/http://promusicae.es/files/listasanuales/canciones/Top%2050%20CANCIONES%20ANUAL%202011.pdf|archivedate = 21 June 2013|language = Spanish}}</ref> * RIAA: Platinum ({{small|[[RIAA certification#Singles|Latin]]}})</span><ref name="uscert" /> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Rabiosa (song)|Rabiosa]]" <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring El Cata or [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])</span> | — || 5 || 6 || 26 || 6 || — || 1 || 3 || — || — || 8 | * FIMI: Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: 2× Platinum<ref name=rabiosamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2012|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=238101896314429&set=a.237164359741516.1073741828.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-a-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-xaf1%2Ft1.0-9%2F1000463_238101896314429_711410338_n.png&size=592%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: Platinum<ref name=2011spacerts /> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Antes de las Seis]]" | — || — || — || — || — || 14 || — || — || — || — || 21 | * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=antesmexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2013|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=270606023064016&set=a.270603673064251.1073741837.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-frc3%2Ft1%2F1533912_270606023064016_2073546030_n.jpg&size=591%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Je l'aime à mourir" | — || 1 || 1 || — || — || — || 39 || 18 || — || — || — | * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> | ''Live from Paris'' |- ! scope="row"| "Addicted to You" | 2012 | — || 18 || 15 || — || — || 1 || 14 || 70 || — || — || 9 | * AMPROFON: Platinum<ref name=addictedmexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2013|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=270603759730909&set=a.270603673064251.1073741837.167176543406965&type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Ffbcdn-sphotos-e-a.akamaihd.net%2Fhphotos-ak-prn2%2F1485091_270603759730909_367114954_n.jpg&size=592%2C710|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> | ''Sale el Sol'' |- ! scope="row"| "Can't Remember to Forget You" <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Rihanna]])</span> | rowspan="3"| 2014 | 18 || 6 || 5 || 8 || 13 || 6 || 2 || 7 || 11 || 15 || 6 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="aust2014singlescert">{{cite web |title=ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2014 Singles |url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |publisher=ARIA |accessdate=9 July 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QbWDqX3X?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |archivedate=25 June 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name=germancerts /> * FIMI: Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: Platinum<ref name=remembermexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones Mensuales 2014|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=294029080721710&set=ms.292030997588185.292097590914859.294029074055044.294029080721710.294029070721711.294029104055041.294029110721707.294029117388373.294029134055038.294029144055037.294029150721703.bps.a.271393712985247&type=1&theater|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=10 July 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="ukcerts" /> | rowspan="3"| ''Shakira'' |- ! scope="row"| "Empire" | — || —<ref name=empireultratip>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Empire|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/132839/Shakira-Empire|publisher=Ultratop (Wallonia)|accessdate=11 July 2014|language=French}}</ref> || 82 || — || — || — || 29 || — || 25 || 58 || — | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name=uscert /> |- ! scope="row"| "Dare (La La La)" <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Carlinhos Brown]])</span> | — || 3 || 11 || 12 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 3 || — || 53 || — | * BVMI: Gold<ref name=germancerts /> * FIMI: Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=daremexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificados Musicales Amprofon's photos|url=https://www.facebook.com/CertificacionesAmprofon/photos/pb.167176543406965.-2207520000.1407328899./311160285675256/?type=3&theater|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=6 August 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> {{small|("Dare (La La La)")}} * AMPROFON: Gold<ref name=lalalamexcert>{{cite web|title=Certificaciones 2014|url=https://www.facebook.com/CertificacionesAmprofon/photos/a.351096938348257.1073741841.167176543406965/351098775014740/?type=3&src=https%3A%2F%2Fscontent-a-cdg.xx.fbcdn.net%2Fhphotos-xaf1%2Fv%2Ft1.0-9%2F10922511_351098775014740_7913874590396434526_n.png%3Foh%3D6afd8bb04c91ce99161d6c8250e7b249%26oe%3D5565C6E6&size=589%2C709&fbid=351098775014740|publisher=AMPROFON|accessdate=13 January 2015|date=13 January 2015}}</ref> {{small|("La La La (Brazil 2014)")}} * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name=uscert /> |- ! scope="row"| "Try Everything" | rowspan="3"| 2016 | 57 || —<ref name=tryultratip>{{cite web|title=Shakira - Try Everything|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/170c78/Shakira-Try-Everything|publisher=Ultratop (Wallonia)|accessdate=16 March 2016|language=French}}</ref>}} || 43 || 54 || — || — || 32 || 55 || 186 || 63 || — | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="uscert" /> | ''Zootopia'' |- ! scope="row"| "La Bicicleta"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]])</span> | — || —<ref name=biciultratip>{{cite web|title=Carlos Vives & Shakira - La bicicleta|url=http://www.ultratop.be/fr/song/17c751/Carlos-Vives-&-Shakira-La-bicicleta|publisher=Ultratop (Wallonia)|accessdate=16 March 2016|language=French}}</ref>}} || 30 || — || 75 || 1 || 1 || 54 || — || 95 || 2 | * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * FIMI: Platinum<ref name="italiancerts" /> * PROMUSICAE: 7× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-12544-22111-carlos-vives-and-shakira-la-bicicleta|title=Carlos Vives & Shakira - La Bicicleta|publisher=Portal de Música|accessdate=January 11, 2018|language=es|archivedate=2018-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202043850/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-12544-22111-carlos-vives-and-shakira-la-bicicleta}}</ref> * RIAA: 17× Platinum ({{small|[[RIAA certification#Singles|Latin]]}})</span><ref name="uscert" /> | ''Vives'' and ''El Dorado'' |- ! scope="row"| "Chantaje"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7556765/shakira-new-single-chantaje-maluma | title=Shakira Announces New Single 'Chantaje' Feat. Maluma | publisher=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | date=25 October 2016 | accessdate=26 October 2016 | author=Flores, Griselda}}</ref><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])</span> | — || 19 || 13 || 20 || 11 || 1 || 1 || 10 || — || 51 || 1 * BEA: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/goud-platina/2017/singles|title=Shakira feat. Maluma - Chantaje|date=15 September 2017|accessdate=10 September 2017|publisher=Ultratop}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="germancerts" /> * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * FIMI: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni#/category:tutte/year:2017/page:0/term:Shakira|title = Shakira feat. Maluma - Chantaje|date = |accessdate = 21 August 2017|publisher = FIMI|archive-date = 2018-01-16|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180116081416/http://www.fimi.it/certificazioni#/category:tutte/year:2017/page:0/term:Shakira|url-status = dead}}</ref> * PROMUSICAE: 5x Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-13447-23429-shakira-feat-maluma-chantaje|title = Shakira feat. Maluma - Chantaje|date = |accessdate = 30 November 2016|publisher = PROMUSICAE|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014026/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-13447-23429-shakira-feat-maluma-chantaje|archive-date = 1 December 2016|dead-url = yes|df = dmy-all|archivedate = 2016-12-01|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014026/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-13447-23429-shakira-feat-maluma-chantaje}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * RIAA: 16× Platinum </span><ref name="uscert" /> | ''El Dorado'' |- ! scope="row"| "Deja Vu"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Prince Royce]])</span> | rowspan="3"| 2017 | — || — || 106 || — || — || — || 4 || 92 || — || — || 4 | * PROMUSICAE: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-14127-24610-prince-royce-y-shakira-deja-vu|title = Prince Royce & Shakira - Deja Vu|date = |accessdate = 14 June 2017|publisher = PROMUSICAE|archivedate = 2017-11-02|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171102000034/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-14127-24610-prince-royce-y-shakira-deja-vu}}</ref> * RIAA: 7× Platinum </span><ref name="uscert" /> | ''[[Five (Prince Royce album)|Five]]'' and ''El Dorado'' |- ! scope="row"| "Me Enamoré"<ref name=sonymusiclatin>{{cite web|url=https://www.sonymusiclatin.com/shakira-estrena-su-nuevo-sencillo-enamore/|title=Shakira estrena su nuevo sencillo "Me Enamoré"|accessdate=7 April 2017|date=7 April 2017|language=Spanish|trans-title=Shakira release her new single "Me Enamoré"|archivedate=2018-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614194829/https://www.sonymusiclatin.com/shakira-estrena-su-nuevo-sencillo-enamore/}}</ref> | — || 17 || 13 || — || — || 4 || 3 || 32 || — || 83 || 4 | * FIMI: Gold<ref name="italiancerts" /> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="swisscerts" /> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="frenchcerts" /> * PROMUSICAE: 3x Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.elportaldemusica.es/canciones.php|title = Shakira - Me Enamoré|date = |accessdate = 8 September 2017|publisher = PROMUSICAE|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150830123002/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/canciones.php|archive-date = 30 August 2015|dead-url = yes|df = dmy-all|archivedate = 2014-03-20|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140320000300/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/canciones.php}}</ref> | rowspan="3"| ''El Dorado'' |- ! scope="row"| "Perro Fiel"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Nicky Jam]])</span> | — || — || 82 || — || — || 1 || 3<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spanishcharts.com/weekchart.asp?cat=s&year=2017&date=20170604|title=Top 50 Singles — Semana 22: del 26.05.2017 al 01.06.2017|publisher=spanishcharts.com|language=Spanish|accessdate=20 June 2017}}</ref> || 62 || — || 100 || 6 | * FIMI: Gold<ref name="italiancerts" /> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="swisscerts" /> * PROMUSICAE: 3x Platinum<ref name="spacert">{{cite web|url=http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-14442-25809-shakira-nicky-jam-perro-fiel|title=Shakira feat. Nicky Jam - Perro Fiel|publisher=PROMUSICAE|accessdate=28 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209135119/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-14442-25809-shakira-nicky-jam-perro-fiel|archive-date=9 December 2017|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all|archivedate=2017-12-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209135119/http://www.elportaldemusica.es/cancion-14442-25809-shakira-nicky-jam-perro-fiel}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Trap"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])</span> | rowspan="3"| 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || 35 || — || — || — || — || 17 | |- ! scope="row"| "Clandestino"<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<!-- Cover art says "Shakira & Maluma" -->with [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])</span> | — || —{ || 79 || — || 76<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fimi.it/classifiche#/category:digital/id:2705|title=Top Singoli – Classifica settimanale WK 24|publisher=[[Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana]]|language=Italian|accessdate=16 June 2018}}</ref> || 1 || 13<br /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.promusicae.es/listas/semana/3809-canciones-semana-33-2018|title=Top 100 Canciones – Semana 33: del 10.08.2018 al 16.08.2018|publisher=[[Productores de Música de España]]|accessdate=August 21, 2018|language=Spanish|format=PDF}}</ref> || 32 || — || —{} || 7 | | ''El Dora2'' |- ! scope="row"| "Nada" | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 47 || | rowspan="1"| ''El Dorado'' |} == Tuzo == ===ALMA Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara tano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.almaawards.com/index.html |title=ALMA Awards Official Site |work=Alma |publisher=[[National Council of La Raza]] |accessdate=2009-09-27 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100104072256/http://almaawards.com/index.html |archivedate=2010-01-04 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2002/04/17/Nominees-for-2002-ALMA-Awards/UPI-18701019085817/ |title= ALMA Awards 2002 Nominations|work=[[UPI]]|date=2002-04-12|accessdate=2009-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://popdirt.com/ricky-christina-shakira-jlo-win-alma-awards/4547/|title=ALMA Awards 2002 Winners|work=Popdirt|date=2002-05-19|accessdate=2009-10-01|archivedate=2014-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301075709/http://popdirt.com/ricky-christina-shakira-jlo-win-alma-awards/4547/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.contactmusic.com/new/xmlfeed.nsf/story/shakira-the-big-winner-at-alma-awards_08_05_2006|title= Shakira - Shakira The Big Winner At Alma Awards|work=Contactmusic.com|date=2006-05-08|accessdate=2010-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/2008/08/18/2008-08-18_america_ferrera_shakira_honored_at_alma_.html|title=America Ferrera, Shakira honored at ALMA Awards|work=Nydailynew|accessdate=2010-11-07|date=2008-08-18|location=New York|archivedate=2008-08-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827130216/http://www.nydailynews.com/latino/2008/08/18/2008-08-18_america_ferrera_shakira_honored_at_alma_.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/17972-shakira-and-sofia-vergara-nominated-for-alma-awards.html|title=Shakira and Sofia Vergara nominated for ALMA Awards|work=Colombiareports|accessdate=2011-07-30|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7mT0DBB?url=http://colombiareports.com/shakira-and-sofia-vergara-nominated-for-alma-awards/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2002 | Shakira | Outstanding Female Performer,Female |{{won}} |- | "Laundry Service" | Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | "Whenever, Wherever" | Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2006 | Shakira | Outstanding Female Performer,Female |{{won}} |- | "Fijacion Oral Vol. 1" | Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2008 | Shakira | Humanitarian Award |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2011 | Shakira | Best Female Artist In Music |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===American Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara tano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2001/amas.htm|title=2001 American Music Awards |work=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/amas.htm|title=2002 American Music Awards |work=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2003/amas.htm|title=2003 American Music Awards |work=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2005/amas.htm|title=2005 American Music Awards |work=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2006/amas.htm|title=2006 American Music Awards |work=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/13023-shakira-favorite-latin-artist-at-ama.html|title=Shakira 'Favorite Latin Artist' at AMA|work=Colombia Reports|accessdate=2010-11-23|archivedate=2010-11-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125024202/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/13023-shakira-favorite-latin-artist-at-ama.html}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2001 | rowspan="8" align="center"| Shakira | Favorite Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2002 | Favorite Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |- | align="center"|2003 | Favorite Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2005 | Favorite Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2006 | Favorite Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2010 | Favorite Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | Favorite Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2017 | Favorite Latin Artist |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Bambi Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bambi.de/flash/#bambi,laureates|title=BAMBI Gala at the sign of the Wall|language=german|publisher=Bambi|accessdate=2009-11-27|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100127135739/http://www.bambi.de/flash/#bambi,laureates|archivedate=2010-01-27|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE6AB3ZC20101112|title=Orlando Bloom, Beth Ditto win German Bambi Awards|publisher=Bambi|work=Reuters|accessdate=2010-11-18|date=2010-11-12}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2009 | Shakira | International Pop Artist |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2010 | Shakira | International Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===BET Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2007 | Beautiful Liar (pamoja na [[Beyonce]]) | BET Award for Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Billboard Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara saba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/60427/50-cent-green-day-reap-major-billboard-music-awards|title=50 Cent, Green Day Reap Major Billboard Music Awards|work=''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''|publisher=[[Nielsen Company|Nielsen Business Media, Inc.]] |accessdate=2017-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lamb|first=Bill|date=|url=http://top40.about.com/od/awards/a/billboardma2006.htm|title=Billboard Music Awards 2006 Nominations|work=[[About.com]]|publisher=[[The New York Times Company]]|accessdate=2009-10-26|archivedate=2013-04-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425081027/http://top40.about.com/od/awards/a/billboardma2006.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/472097/full-2011-billboard-music-awards-finalists-list|title=Billboard Music Awards 2011 Nominations|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-04-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471671/justin-bieber-wins-billboardcom-fan-favorite-award|title=Vote for the Billboard.com Fan Favorite Award |work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://abc.go.com/shows/billboard-music-awards-2011|title=all about The 2011 Billboard Music Awards|work=Billboard|accessdate=2011-05-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/492663/2012-billboard-music-awards-finalists-complete-list|title=2012 Billboard Music Awards Finalists: Complete List|work=Billboard|accessdate=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/bbma/8343598/billboard-music-awards-2018-nominations-list |title=Billboard Music Awards 2018 Nominations: See the Full List |work=Billboard |access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="2" align="center"|Shakira | Top Pop Artist - Female |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Billboard 200 Album Artist - Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2005 | "Fijación Oral Vol. 1" | Latin Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"La Tortura" | Latin Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Latin Album Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="3" |"Hips Don't Lie" | Pop Single of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Pop 100 Airplay Track |{{won}} |- | Top Hot 100 Single |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Top Billboard 200 Album Artist - Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="8" align="center"|2011 | "Gypsy" | Top Latin Song |Aliteuliwa |- | "Loca featuring El Cata" | Top Latin Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Top Streaming Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Top Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | Fan Favorite Award |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Top Latin Song |{{won}} |- | Top Streaming Song (Video) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Sale el Sol" | Top Latin Album |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Top Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2013 | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Top Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2017 | "Chantaje" pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] | rowspan="2" | Top Latin Song |Aliteuliwa |- | "[[La Bicicleta]]" pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]] | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2018 | "El Dorado" | rowspan="1" | Top Latin Album |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===BMI Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara ishirini na moja.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/232828| title=BMI Latin Awards 2000| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/232949| title=BMI Latin Awards 2001| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534443| title=BMI Latin Awards 2002| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534430| title=BMI Latin Awards 2003| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534434| title=BMI Pop Awards 2003| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534370| title=BMI Latin Awards 2004| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534275| title=BMI Urban Awards 2006| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534665| title=2007 BMI Latin Awards: Song List| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534983| title=2007 BMI Pop Awards: Song List| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/537308| title=2008 BMI London Awards Winning Songs| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/534664| title=Los Tigres Del Norte Honored as Icons at 14th Annual BMI Latin Music Awards| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/547404| title=BMI Latin Awards 2010 Winners List| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2010-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/550769| title=BMI Latin Awards 2011 Winners List| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2011-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/carlos_vives_and_top_latin_writers_honored_at_annual_bmi_latin_music_awards| title=BMI Latin Awards 2014 Winners List| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2014-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2018-bmi-latin-music-awards| title=Global Superstars Luis Fonsi and Residente Honored at the 25th Annual BMI Latin Awards| publisher=BMI| author=| date=| accessdate=2018-04-20}}</ref> ====BMI Latin Awards==== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2000 | Shakira | BMI Award - Songwriter of the Year <ref>https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/20020327shakira_multi_cultural_influences_help_shakira_shake_up_the_pop</ref> |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Ciega, Sordomuda" | rowspan="8" |Winning Songs |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Tú" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Inevitable" |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2001 | "No Creo" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | "Ojo Asi" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2003 | "Suerte" |{{won}} |- | "Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango)" |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2004 | "Que Me Quedes Tú" |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2006 | "Hips Don't Lie" | BMI Urban Award - Billboard No. 1s |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="3"|"La Tortura" | Latin Ringtone of the Year |{{won}} |- | Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="8"| Winning Songs |{{won}} |- | "No" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="1"|"Las de la Intuición" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="1"|"Loba" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Lo Hecho Está Hecho" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="1"|"Addicted to You" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2018 | rowspan="1"|"Chantaje" |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"La Bicicleta" |{{won}} {{end}} ====BMI Pop Awards==== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2003 | "Whenever, Wherever " | rowspan="3"|Winning Songs |{{won}} |- | "Underneath Your Clothes" |{{won}} |- |2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Brit Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara mbili.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/music/newsid_2655000/2655167.stm|title=The Brit Awards 2003 nominations |work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|date=2003-01-13|accessdate=2009-10-27}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Brit Award for International Breakthrough Act |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2010 | Brit Award for International Female Solo Artist |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Crystal Award=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2017 | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Crystal award winner |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Echo Awards=== Shakira amepokea tuzo moja, na kuteuliwa mara nane.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=echo+german+music+awards+2003+shakira&source=bl&ots=vvuWqya60E&sig=z86Z8y-_sLQX64UyJCdjAQORusQ&hl=en&ei=kHvxSoXyAofg7AOm_9C7Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=2003 ECHO Music Awards Winners|date= 2003-03-15|accessdate=2009-11-27 |work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4642974-1.html|title=Newsline...|date= 2003-02-08|accessdate=2010-02-04 |work=Allbusiness|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakiraisabel.com/html/news.html|title=Echo Awards 2006|date=2006-03-15|accessdate=2009-12-22|work=shakiraisabel.com|publisher=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029221149/http://www.shakiraisabel.com/html/news.html|archive-date=2010-10-29|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7mygUeP?url=http://ww1.shakiraisabel.com/html/news.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uruguayo-libaneses.org.s48488.gridserver.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=18&Itemid=112|title=Shakira has added India, Portugal and Egypt to the list of countries|date=|accessdate=2010-02-04|work=Uruguayo-libaneses.org|publisher=|archivedate=2022-06-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608095334/http://uruguayo-libaneses.org.s48488.gridserver.com/index.php?option=com_content}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4394705-1.html|title=Silbermond Leads Germany's Echo Nominations|date= |accessdate=2010-02-04 |work=Allbusiness|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eluniversal.com/2011/02/03/music_ava_shakira,-take-that-y_03A5102691.shtml|title=Shakira, Take That y Bon Jovi candidatos a los premios Echo|language=spanish|accessdate=2011-02-12 |work=Eluniversal|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/global/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-1005069252.story|title=Adele, Bruno Mars, Black Eyed Peas Among Nominees for Germany's Echo Awards|accessdate=2011-02-12|work=|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7n0I9Wo?url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1178902/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-for-germanys-echo|https://www.webcitation.org/6I7n0I9Wo?url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1178902/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-for-germanys-echo|=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7n0I9Wo?url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1178902/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-for-germanys-echo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Die Helene-Fischer-Festspiele haben begonnen' |trans-title='The Helene Fischer festival has begun' |language=German |publisher=[[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg]] |work=RBB online |first=Ula |last=Brunner |date=27 March 2015 |accessdate=12 April 2015 |url=http://www.rbb-online.de/kultur/beitrag/2015/03/musikpreis-echo-2015.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150330121504/http://www.rbb-online.de/kultur/beitrag/2015/03/musikpreis-echo-2015.html |archivedate=30 March 2015 |df= |=https://archive.today/20150330121504/http://www.rbb-online.de/kultur/beitrag/2015/03/musikpreis-echo-2015.html }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2003 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Best International Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Best International Newcomer |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|"Whenever, Wherever" | Best International Single |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" align="center"|2006 |rowspan="1"|Shakira | Best International Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Best International Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|"Hips Don't Lie" | Best International Single |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | Shakira | Best International Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | "Waka Waka (This Time For Africa)" | Hit Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2015 | Shakira | Best International Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Fonogram Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara mbili.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-09-22|url=http://www.fonogram.hu/?menu=nyertesek_2011|title =Fonogram Awards 2011 - Nominees|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-09-22|url=http://www.fonogram.hu/?menu=jeloltek_2003|title =Fonogram Awards 2011- Nominees|publisher=[[Mahasz]]}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003|| ''Laundry Service''||Fonogram Award for International Modern Pop/Rock Album || Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2011|| ''Sale El Sol''||Fonogram Award for International Modern Pop/Rock Album || Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Fortune World's Greatest Leader=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2017|| ''Mwenyewe''||The World's 50 Greatest Leader || 27th |- {{end}} ===Golden Globe Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="1"|"Despedida" | Best Original Song |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Grammy Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara tatu.<ref name="Shakira discography">{{cite web|url=http://shakira.com/discography/index/album/albumId/5/tagName/Albums|title=Shakira Discography|accessdate=2010-08-31|publisher=Shakira.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223181358/http://www.shakira.com/discography/index/album/albumId/5/tagName/Albums|archive-date=2010-02-23|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223181358/http://www.shakira.com/discography/index/album/albumId/5/tagName/Albums|archivedate=2010-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/41/nominees.shtml|title=41st Grammy Awards Nominations |accessdate=2009-11-01 |publisher=Digitalhit}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/43/winners.shtml|title=2001 Grammy Awards winners|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=Digitalhit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208060423/http://www.digitalhit.com/grammy/43/winners.shtml|archivedate=2012-12-08|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Music/02/09/grammys.list/index.html |title=2006 Grammy Awards winners |date=2006-02-09 |accessdate=2009-11-01 |work=[[CNN]] |publisher= |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5lSheSN0K?url=http://www.cnn.com/2006/SHOWBIZ/Music/02/09/grammys.list/index.html |archivedate=2009-11-21 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/49th_show/list.aspx |title=2007 Grammy Awards winners |accessdate=2009-11-01 |work=[[Grammy]] |publisher=''[[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]]'' |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710131212/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/49th_Show/list.aspx |archivedate=2009-07-10 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2008/grammys.htm|title=2008 Grammy Awards winners|accessdate=2009-11-01 |work=Rock on the net}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|1999 | ''Dónde Están Los Ladrones?'' | Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2001 | ''MTV Unplugged'' | Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2006 | ''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' |Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Wyclef Jean]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2008 | "Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé]])</small> |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2018 | ''El Dorado'' | Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album |{{Won}} |- {{end}} ===Guinness World Records=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%;" |- ! width=5%|Mwaka ! style="width:40%;"| Aliyechaguliwa ! style="width:45%;"| Tuzo ! style="width:10%;"| Matokeo !Marejeo |- |2005 | Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 |the best-selling Spanish album in the US for the first week of all time (makalaː 157,000) |{{Won}} |<ref name="dailymail_3048981">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-3048981/I-decided-chill-Shakira-beams-pride-lays-couch-newly-framed-Guinness-World-Record-triumphs.html</ref> |- |2005 |La Tortura |The best-selling Spanish single of all time |{{Won}} |<ref name="dailymail_3048981"/> |- |2010 |Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) |First 3D music video released by [[Sony Music]] |{{Won}} |<ref>http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/search/applicationrecordsearch?term=shakira&contentType=record&page=1</ref> |- |2015 | Shakira |The first person in the world to get 100m likes on Facebook<br/>Most likes for a musician on Facebook <br/>Most liked Female on Facebook |{{Won}} |<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com">http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2014/7/shakira-sets-new-facebook-world-record-after-reaching-100-million-likes-58881/</ref> |- |2017 | Shakira |Most Facebook engagements for a female solo musician |{{Won}} |<ref name="guinnessworldrecords.com"/> |- |2018 | Shakira |Most [[Latin Grammys]] wins by a female artist |{{Won}} |<ref>https://twitter.com/GWR/status/1033024446699905026</ref> |- |} ===Harvard Foundation Artist of the Year=== The [[Harvard Foundation]], Harvard’s center for intercultural arts and sciences initiatives, honors the world’s most acclaimed artists, scientists, and leaders each year. Shakira has been named the artist of the year in 2011. “Her contributions to music and distinguished history of creativity have been applauded by people throughout the world, and she is greatly admired worldwide for her humanitarian efforts through her [[Barefoot Foundation]].” said [[S. Allen Counter]], director of the Harvard Foundation.<ref>http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/02/shakira-named-artist-of-the-year/</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2011 | Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Heat Latin Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2015 | Shakira | Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Hollywood Walk of Fame=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%;" |- ! width=5%|Year ! style="width:40%;"| Aliyetuzwa ! style="width:45%;"| Tuzo ! style="width:10%;"| Matokeo ! style="width:5%;"| Marejeo |- |2011 |Shakira |Star on [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] |{{won}} |<center><ref>http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-11-09/shakira-walk-of-fame/3654926</ref></center> |} ===iHeartRadio Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2018 | Shakira | Latin Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | El Dorado | Latin Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2019 | Clandestino | Latin Song of the Year<ref>https://www.eonline.com/news/1003299/2019-iheartradio-music-awards-nominations-the-complete-list</ref> |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===International Dance Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo mbili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/idmawinners2003.htm |title=Winners of International Dance Music Awards 2003 |accessdate=2009-10-27 |work=IDMA |publisher=[[Winter Music Conference]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421061035/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/idmawinners2003.htm |archivedate=2008-04-21 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dancemusic.about.com/od/conference/a/IDMAWinAnn.htm|title=Winners of International Dance Music Awards 2006|accessdate=2009-10-27|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|archivedate=2013-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928141513/http://dancemusic.about.com/od/conference/a/IDMAWinAnn.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Slomowicz|first=DJ Ron|url=http://dancemusic.about.com/od/conference/a/IDMA2k7Winners.htm|title=Winners of International Dance Music Awards 2007|accessdate=2009-10-02|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|archivedate=2013-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524072151/http://dancemusic.about.com/od/conference/a/IDMA2k7Winners.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Slomowicz|first=DJ Ron|url=http://dancemusic.about.com/od/intldancemusicawards/a/2010_International_Dance_Music_Awards_25th_Annual_Nominees_and_Winners.htm|title=2010 International Dance Music Awards at WMC - Nominees Announced|accessdate=2010-02-03|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/68EhoUSei?url=http://dancemusic.about.com/od/intldancemusicawards/a/2010_International_Dance_Music_Awards_25th_Annual_Nominees_and_Winners.htm|archivedate=2012-06-07|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/2010.php|title=2010 International Dance Music Awards|accessdate=2010-03-27|work=WMC|publisher=Winter music conference|archivedate=2010-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318035945/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/2010.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/|title=2011 International Dance Music Awards|accessdate=2011-01-29|work=WMC|publisher=Winter music conference|archivedate=2011-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110214015113/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/idmaballot/nominees/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2012#idmanominees|title=2012 International Dance Music Awards|accessdate=2012-02-01|work=WMC|publisher=Winter music conference|archivedate=2012-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129012626/http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2012#idmanominees}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2013#idmanominees|title=2013 International Dance Music Awards|accessdate=2013-02-01|work=WMC|publisher=Winter music conference|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023731/http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2013#idmanominees}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|url=http://www.wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2015#idmanominees|title=2015 International Dance Music Awards|accessdate=2015-02-27|work=WMC|publisher=Winter music conference|archivedate=2017-04-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406132231/http://wintermusicconference.com/events/idmas/index.php?wmcyear=2015#idmanominees}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003 | "Objection" | Best Latin Track |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2006 | "La tortura" | Best Latin Track |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2010 | "She Wolf" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | "Loca" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- | "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | " Rabiosa" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2013 | " Addicted to You" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2015 | " Dare (La La La)" | Best Latin/Reggaeton Track |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Juno Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4606328-1.html|title=Nominees of 2003 Juno Awards|date=2003-02-12|accessdate=2003-02-12|work=Allbusiness|publisher=''Billboard''|archivedate=2009-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429175809/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4606328-1.html}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003 | "Laundry Service" | Juno Award for International Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} === Latin American Music Awards === Shakira ameteuliwa mara 16.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/889590/latin-american-music-awards-2017-complete-list-of-winners|title=Latin American Music Awards 2017: Complete List of Winners|work=E! Online|access-date=2017-10-27|language=en-US}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2015 | rowspan="2" |Mi Verdad pamoja na [[Maná]] | Favorite Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Song Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2016 | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Favorite Female Artist Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="9" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Female Artist Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3" | Chantaje pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] |Favorite Song Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2" |Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2" |Deja Vu pamoja na [[Prince Royce]] |{{Won}} |- |Favorite Song Tropical |{{Won}} |- |rowspan="2" | El Dorado | Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Album Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2018 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Favourite Artist - Pop |Aliteuliwa |- |Perro Fiel (pamoja na [[Nicky Jam]]) |Favorite Song - Pop |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} === Lo Nuestro Awards === Shakira ameshinda mara 25. {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|1997 | rowspan="2"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|New Pop Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Estoy Aquí" |rowspan="1"| Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |"Pies Descalzos, Sueños Blancos" |rowspan="1"| Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|''Pies Descalzos'' |rowspan="1"| Pop Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|1999 | rowspan="1"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2"|"Ciega, Sordomuda" |rowspan="1"| Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"| Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' |rowspan="1"| Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2000 | rowspan="1"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2001 | rowspan="2"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Pop Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"| Rock Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|''MTV Unplugged'' |rowspan="1"| Rock Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="1"|''Laundry Service'' |rowspan="1"| People Choice Pop/Rock |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2003 | rowspan="2"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|Popular Rock Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Suerte" |rowspan="1"| Pop Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2004 | rowspan="1"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Que Me Quedes Tu" |rowspan="1"| Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="1"|Shakira & Alejandro Sanz |rowspan="1"| Best Duo or Group |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"La Tortura" <small>(pamoja na [[Alejandro Sanz]])</small> |rowspan="1"| Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"No" |rowspan="1"| Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' |rowspan="1"| Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="1"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="1"|"Loba" |rowspan="1"| Video of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="1"|Shakira |rowspan="1"| Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Lo Hecho Está Hecho" |rowspan="1"| Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Rabiosa" <small>(pamoja na [[Pitbull (rapper)|Pitbull]])</small> |rowspan="1"| Collaboration of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|"Rabiosa" <small>(pamoja na [[El Cata]])</small> |rowspan="2"| Pop Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Sale el Sol" |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|''Sale el Sol'' |rowspan="1"| Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2013 | rowspan="3"| Shakira |rowspan="3"| Pop Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2015 |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2016 |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"|"Mi Verdad" <small>(pamoja na [[Maná]])</small> | Pop Song |Aliteuliwa |- | Collaboration of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="3"|"[[La Bicicleta]]" <small>(pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]])</small> | Tropical Song |{{won}} |- | Single of the Year |{{won}} |- | Video of the Year |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica=== Shakira ameshinda mara 12.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/onair/vma_la/2002/|title= MTV Premios MTV Latinoamérica 2002|accessdate= 2010-11-07|publisher= [[MTV]]|archive-date= 2012-08-18|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120818221556/http://www.mtv.com/onair/vma_la/2002/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/onair/vmala/2005/|title= Mtv Video Music Awards Latinoamerica|accessdate= 2010-11-07|publisher= MTV|archive-date= 2012-11-05|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121105211659/http://www.mtv.com/onair/vmala/2005/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Chris|last=Harris|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1508870/20050902/story.jhtml|title=Shakira Leads Nominees For MTV Latin America VMAs|date=2005-09-02|accessdate=2009-12-25|work=|publisher=MTV|archive-date=2012-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104190614/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1508870/shakira-leads-nominees-mtv-latin-america-vmas.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diversica.com/tv/archivos/2006/10/se-entregaron-los-premios-mtv-latinoamerica-2006.php|title=Winners of 2006 Premios MTV Latinoamérica|date=2006-10-18|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=Diversica|publisher=Universia Argentina|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121208160700/http://www.diversica.com/tv/archivos/2006/10/se-entregaron-los-premios-mtv-latinoamerica-2006.php|archivedate=2012-12-08|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hispanicprwire.com/print.php?l=in&id=9445|title=Belinda Tops ‘Los Premios MTV Latinoamerica 2007’ With Five Nominations|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=Hispanicprwire|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125135209/http://www.hispanicprwire.com/print.php?l=in&id=9445|archive-date=2013-01-25|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7nGv8zD?url=http://www.hispanicprwire.com/print.php?l=in}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ilich|first=Tijana|date=|url=http://latinmusic.about.com/od/musicawards/a/ARTMTV2009.htm|title=MTV Latin America Award Winners 2009|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002064152/http://latinmusic.about.com/od/musicawards/a/ARTMTV2009.htm|archivedate=2011-10-02|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://masguau.com/2009/10/12/shakira-don-tetto-y-adammo-ganadores-de-los-premios-mtv-latinoamerica-2009-gala-bogota/|title=Shakira, Don Tetto and Adamm winners Premios MTV 2009, gala Bogota|language=spanish|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=Masguau|archivedate=2009-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015062736/http://masguau.com/2009/10/12/shakira-don-tetto-y-adammo-ganadores-de-los-premios-mtv-latinoamerica-2009-gala-bogota/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="4"|Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Pop Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Artist — North |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Suerte" | Video of the Year |{{won}} |- |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2005 | rowspan="1" |"La tortura" | Video of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"No" | Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" |Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Pop Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Artist — Central |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2006 | "Hips Don't Lie" | Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2007 | "Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No" | Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2009 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Fashionista Award — Female |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Fan Club |Aliteuliwa |- | Agent of Change |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Loba" | Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa {{end}} === Latin Billboard Music Awards === Shakira ameshinda tuzo 39.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lannery|first=John |date=1997-05-03|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IQ8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=RA1-PA28&dq=billboard+latin+music+awards+1997+shakira&ei=_2LUSpKuK5nUkgTVx7DwDQ#v=onepage&q=billboard%20latin%20music%20awards%201997%20shakira&f=false|title=Winners of 1997 Latin Billboard Music Awards |accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oxMEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA56&dq=billboard+latin+music+awards+2001+winners&ei=AZbUSvi8GZSQlATg3PGKDg#v=onepage&q=billboard%20latin%20music%20awards%202001%20winners&f=false|title=Winners of 2001 latin Billboard Music Awards|date=2001-04-28|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Cobo|first=Lera|date=2002-05-18|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Mg8EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA92&dq=billboard+latin+music+awards+2002++shakira&ei=2ZrUSqrSMI7-kQTEkLGaDg#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Winners of 2002 latin Billboard Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4627023-1.html|title=Nominees of 2004 latin Billboard Music Awards|date=2004-02-12|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Allbusiness|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2008-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521212304/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4627023-1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/12521808|title=Winners of 2006 latin Billboard Music Awards|date=2006-04-27|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=MSNBC|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525173119/http://www.today.com/id/12521808|archivedate=2013-05-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ia0vEvpom0 |title=2006 Billboard Latin Music Awards -Spirit of the hope|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Youtube}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1052527/2007-billboard-latin-music-awards-winners|title=2007 Billboard Latin Music Awards Winners|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/1054939/rakim-and-ken-y-top-billboard-latin-award-finalists|title=Rakim And Ken-Y Top Billboard Latin Award Finalists|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=MIA|first=|date=2008-05-05|url=http://urbancelebs.spreadit.org/billboard-latin-music-awards-2008-nomination/|title=Nominees of 2008 Billboard Latin Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-28|work=Urbancelebs.spreadit.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218144928/http://urbancelebs.spreadit.org/billboard-latin-music-awards-2008-nomination/|archive-date=2009-02-18|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218144928/http://urbancelebs.spreadit.org/billboard-latin-music-awards-2008-nomination/|archivedate=2009-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboardevents.com/billboardevents/latin/latin-music-awards/index.jsp |title=Nominnes & Winners of 2009 Billboard Latin Music Awards |accessdate=2009-10-28 |work=Billboardevents |publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325052242/http://www.billboardevents.com/billboardevents/latin/latin-music-awards/index.jsp |archivedate=2008-03-25 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/959417/el-bambino-wisin-yandel-lead-billboard-latin-awards-finalists|title='El Bambino,' Wisin & Yandel Lead Billboard Latin Awards Finalists|accessdate=2010-02-12|work=Billboardevents|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/Crossover/article/2011-02/2011_Latin_Billboards_Finalists_English|title=2011 Latin Billboards Finalists - English|accessdate=2011-02-12|publisher=Telemundo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471817/enrique-iglesias-shakira-big-winners-at-billboard-latin-music-awards|title=Enrique Iglesias, Shakira Big Winners at Billboard Latin Music Awards|accessdate=2011-04-29|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/22503-shakira-nominated-for-a-billboard-award.html|title=Shakira nominated for 10 Billboard Awards|accessdate=2012-02-29|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2012-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306223810/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/22503-shakira-nominated-for-a-billboard-award.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/2012-latin-billboard-award-nominees.html|title=2012 Latin Billboard Award Nominees|accessdate=2012-02-29|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2012-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305172140/http://www.latingossip.com/awards-shows/2012-latin-billboard-award-nominees.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://portalshakira.com.br/index.php/noticias/3506-shakira-triunfa-nos-qpremios-latin-billboardq-2012|title=Shakira triunfa nos "Premios Latin Billboard" 2012|accessdate=2012-04-27|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2017-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302055709/http://portalshakira.com.br/index.php/noticias/3506-shakira-triunfa-nos-qpremios-latin-billboardq-2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin-notas/1559645/billboard-latin-music-awards-2013-winners-list|title=Billboard Latin Music Awards 2013: Winners List|work=billboard|accessdate=2015-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/latin-awards/6069810/billboard-latin-music-awards-full-winners-list-2014-complete|title=Billboard latin music awards 2014 |accessdate=2014-05-15|publisher=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|url=http://www.latintimes.com/billboard-latin-music-awards-2015-nominations-romeo-santos-enrique-iglesias-lead-294887|title=Billboard Latin Music Awards 2015 Nominations: Romeo Santos, Enrique Iglesias Lead Finalists [FULL LIST]|work=Latimes|accessdate=2015-02-23}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/billboard-latin-music-awards-winners-2018-8390322|title=Billboard Latin Music Award Winners 2018: Complete List|website=www.billboard.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|1997 | "Pies Descalzos" | Best Pop Album |{{won}} |- | "Un Poco de Amor" | Best Video of the Year |{{won}} |- | Shakira | Best New Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2001 | rowspan="3" |"MTV Unplugged" | Best Latino Artist with the album |{{won}} |- | Pop Album of the Year, Female |Aliteuliwa |- | Billboard 50 Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2002 | "Suerte" | Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Viewer's Choice Award |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2003 | Shakira | Latin Tour of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2004 | "Que Me Quedes Tu" | Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year, Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="9" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="4" |"La Tortura" | Latin Ringtone of the Year |{{won}} |- | Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year - Duo or Group |{{won}} |- | Hot Latin Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Hot Latin Song of the Year-Vocal Duet or Collaboration |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Spirit of the Hope |{{won}} |- | Top Latin Album Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"No" | Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year-Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Fijacion Oral Vol. 1" | Latin Pop Album-Female |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="3" |"Hips Don't Lie" | Hot Latin Songs of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year - Duo or Group |Aliteuliwa |- | Hot Latin Song of the Year-Vocal Duet or Collaboration |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Latin Tour of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2008 | rowspan="1" |"Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No" | Hot Latin Songs of the Year-Vocal Duet or Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|"Hips Don't Lie" | Latin Ringtone of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2009 | Shakira | Latin Digital Download Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Hot Latin Songs - Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Latin Pop Airplay - Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Tropical Airplay - Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Loba" | Latin Pop Airplay - Song of the year |Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Digital Download - Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="13" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="7"|Shakira | Latin Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Hot Latin Songs - Female Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Top Latin Albums - Female Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Latin Pop Airplay - Solo Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Latin Pop Albums - Solo Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Touring Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Social Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2"|"Loca" (pamoja na El Cata) | Hot Latin Song of the Year - Vocal Event | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Digital Download of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Latin Digital Download of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3"|"Sale el Sol" | Latin Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Pop Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Digital Album of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="10" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="7"|Shakira | Latin Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Hot Latin Songs - Female Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Top Latin Albums - Female Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Latin Pop Albums - Solo Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Latin Pop Songs Artist of the Year, Solo | Aliteuliwa |- | Tropical Songs Artist of the Year, Solo | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Social Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="1"|"Rabiosa" | Latin Digital Download of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Latin Digital Download of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|"Sale el Sol" | Latin Digital Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="7" align="center"|2013 | rowspan="6"|Shakira | Social Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Songs Artist of the Year, Female | {{won}} |- | Streaming Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Albums Artist of the Year, Female | Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Pop Songs Artist of the Year, Solo | {{won}} |- | Latin Pop Albums Artist of the Year, Solo | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|Addicted to You | Latin Pop Airplay Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2014 | rowspan="3"|Shakira | Social Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2015 | Social Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2016 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Social Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2"|"Mi Verdad" | Latin Pop Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Hot Latin Song of the Year, Vocal Event |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="8" align="center"| 2017 | rowspan="3"| Shakira | Social Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female |{{won}} |- |Latin Pop Songs Artist of the Year, Solo |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5"| La Bicicleta (pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]]) | Hot Latin Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Vocal Event |Aliteuliwa |- | Airplay Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Digital Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Latin Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="12" align="center"| 2018 | rowspan="4"| Shakira | Social Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |Hot Latin Songs Artist of the Year, Female |{{won}} |- |Top Latin Album Artist of the Year, Female |{{won}} |- | Latin Pop Artist of the Year, Solo |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4"| Chantaje (pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]]) | Hot Latin Song of the Year, Vocal Event |Aliteuliwa |- | Streaming Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Digital Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Latin Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"| Me Enamore |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"| Déjà Vu (pamoja na [[Prince Royce]]) | Tropical Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2"| El Dorado | Top Latin Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"| 2019 | rowspan="2"| Shakira | Latin Pop Artist of the Year, Solo | |- | Top Latin Albums Artist of the Year, Female | |- |“Clandestino” (pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]]) |Latin Pop Song of the Year | |- | "El Dorado World Tour" | Tour of the Year | {{end}} ===Latin Grammy Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo 12.<ref name="rock">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-s/shakira.htm|title=Shakira on rockonthenet|publisher=Rock on the Net|accessdate=2009-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4608633-1.html|title=Complete List Of Nominations For First-ever Latin Grammy Awards|date=2000-07-29|accessdate=2009-11-01|work=Allbussiness|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2007-11-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071112080450/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4608633-1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/233794|title=2003 Latin Grammy Nominees Announced|date=2003-07-29|accessdate=2009-11-01|work=BMI|publisher=[[Broadcast Music Incorporated]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/Latin/7_latin/ |title=7th Annual Latin Grammy Awards Winners List |accessdate=2009-11-01 |work=Grammy |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090604104543/http://www.grammy.com/Latin/7_latin/ |archivedate=2009-06-04 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/Latin/News/Default.aspx?newsID=2590&newsCategoryID=2|title=Nominees of 2007 Latin Grammy Awards|date=2007-08-29|accessdate=2009-11-01|work=Grammy|publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences|archivedate=2009-11-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119133226/http://www.grammy.com/Latin/News/Default.aspx?newsID=2590&newsCategoryID=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.grammy.com/files/12th_nominees.pdf|title=Nominees of 2011 Latin Grammy Awards|accessdate=2011-09-17|work=Grammy|publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! colspan="5" style="background: LightSteelBlue;" | Orodha ya tuzo |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Mwaka ! Jina ! Tuzo ! Matokeo |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2000 | rowspan="2"|''MTV Unplugged'' | Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Octavo Día" |Best Female Rock Vocal Performance |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Ojos Asi" |Best Female Pop Vocal Performance |{{won}} |- | Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2002 | "Suerte" | Best Short Form Music Video |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2003 | "Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango)" | Latin Grammy Award for Best Rock Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="2" |''Fijación Oral Vol. 1'' | Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | Latin Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" |"La Tortura" | Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year |{{won}} |- |Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year |{{won}} |- |Best Short Form Music Video |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2007 | "[[Beautiful Liar|Bello Embustero]]" <small>(with [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Record of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="2" |''Sale el Sol'' | Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Female Pop Vocal Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Loca" | Best Short Form Music Video |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="1" |''Live from Paris'' | Latin Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2016 | rowspan="2" |"La Bicicleta" | Record of the Year |{{won}} |- | Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="2" |''El Dorado'' | Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Pop Vocal Album |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" |"Chantaje" | Record of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Latin Grammy Award for Best Urban Fusion/Performance |{Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Deja Vu" | Latin Grammy Award for Best Tropical Song |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ---- '''Latin Grammy Special Awards''' {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="1"| 2011 || [[Shakira]] || Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year ||{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame=== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Mwaka ! Kazi ! Tuzo ! Matokeo |- | 2016 | Performers | Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin/7263832/juanes-marco-antonio-solis-shakira-nominated</ref> | Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Lunas del Auditorio=== {| class="wikitable" style="max-width:75%;" ! width=5%|Year ! style="width:30%;"| Tuzo ! style="width:30%;"| Aliyetuzwa ! style="width:10%;"| Matokeo ! style="width:5%;"| Marejeo |- |2003 | rowspan="4"|Best Spanish Pop | rowspan="4"|Shakira |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2003/ceremonia?evento=2003|title=Lunas del Auditorio 2003|publisher=Lunas del Auditorio|accessdate=2018-02-01|archivedate=2018-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130607/http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2003/ceremonia?evento=2003}}</ref> |- |2008 |Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2008/ceremonia?evento=2008|title=Lunas del Auditorio 2008|publisher=Lunas del Auditorio|accessdate=2018-02-01|archivedate=2018-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130602/http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2008/ceremonia?evento=2008}}</ref> |- |2011 |Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2011/ceremonia?evento=2011|title=Lunas del Auditorio 2011|publisher=Lunas del Auditorio|accessdate=2018-02-01|archivedate=2018-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130604/http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2011/ceremonia?evento=2011}}</ref> |- |2013 |Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2013/ceremonia?evento=2013|title=Lunas del Auditorio 2013|publisher=Lunas del Auditorio|accessdate=2018-02-01|archivedate=2018-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202130601/http://lunasauditorio.com.mx/esp/lunas-2013/ceremonia?evento=2013}}</ref> |- |} ===Mnet Asian Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- |2002 |"Objection (Tango)" |Mnet Asian Music Award for International Artist |Aliteuliwa<ref name="2002_nom">[http://mwave.interest.me/mnettv/videodetail.m?searchVideoDetailVO.clip_id=6490 "2002 MMF part 1"] {{Wayback|url=http://mwave.interest.me/mnettv/videodetail.m?searchVideoDetailVO.clip_id=6490 |date=20140819125536 }}. ''Mwave''. Retrieved 2014-08-17.</ref> |- {{end}} === MuchMusic Video Awards === Shakira ameshinda mara mbili.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/75393/swollen-members-clean-up-at-muchmusic-awards|title= Billy Talent, Nickelback Lead MuchMusic Video Awards Nominations|accessdate=2009-10-29|work=Billboard|publisher=Nielsen Business Media, Inc}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Gonshor|first=Adam|date=2007-05-23|url=http://www.andpop.com/2007/05/23/billy-talent-nickelback-lead-muchmusic-video-awards-nominations/|title=Swollen Members Clean Up At MuchMusic Awards|accessdate=2009-10-29|work=Andpop|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7nNM72M?url=http://www.andpop.com/2007/05/23/billy-talent-nickelback-lead-muchmusic-video-awards-nominations/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="2" |"Whenever, Wherever" | People's Choice: Favourite International Artist |{{won}} |- | Best International Artist Video |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2007 | "Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Best International Video Artist |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} === MTV Asia Awards === Shakira ameteuliwa mara tatu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvasiaawards.com/Malaysia/Nominees/|title=2008 MTV Asia Awards|accessdate=2009-10-29|work=Mtvasiaawards|publisher=MTV|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7nPcJE0?url=http://www.mtvasia.com/|archivedate=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://popdirt.com/mtv-asia-awards-2003-nominees/9573/|title= MTV Asia Awards 2003 Nominees|accessdate= 2009-10-29|work= Popdirt|publisher= |archivedate= 2016-03-08|archiveurl= https://archive.today/20160308064959/http://popdirt.com/mtv-asia-awards-2003-nominees/9573/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2003 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | Best Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Best New Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2008 | "Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Best Hook Up |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===MTV Europe Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo mbili.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mancini|first=Robert|date=2002-09-30|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457848/20020930/eminem.jhtml|title=Eminem, Pink, Shakira Nab Most Noms For MTV Europe Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-29|publisher=MTV|archive-date=2013-05-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514035723/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1457848/eminem-pink-nab-most-noms-mtv-emas.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1510512/20050928/coldplay.jhtml|title=Coldplay, Gorillaz Lead MTV Europe Music Awards Nominations|date=2005-09-28|accessdate=2009-10-29|publisher=MTV|archive-date=2008-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229163028/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1510512/20050928/coldplay.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lamb|first=Bill|date=2005-11-04|url=http://top40.about.com/b/2005/11/04/mtv-europe-music-awards-winners.htm|title=Winners of 2005 MTV Europe Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-29|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|archivedate=2013-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512213121/http://top40.about.com/b/2005/11/04/mtv-europe-music-awards-winners.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtvnetworks.co.uk/?q=node/19|title= Nominees of 2006 MTV Europe Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-29|publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/music/ema/2007/nominees.jhtml#addictive |title=2007 MTV Europe Music Awards - Nominees |accessdate=2009-10-29 |publisher=MTV |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821132752/http://www.mtv.com/music/ema/2007/nominees.jhtml |archivedate=2015-08-21 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651712/20101107/lady_gaga.jhtml|title=Lady Gaga, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber Light Up EMA Show|publisher=MTV|accessdate=2010-11-08|archive-date=2012-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105215851/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651712/lady-gaga-katy-perry-justin-bieber-light-up-ema-show.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2002 | "Whenever, Wherever" | Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Best Female |Aliteuliwa |- | Best New Act |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2005 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Best Pop |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Female |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Best Pop |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Female |Aliteuliwa |- | "Hips Don't Lie" | Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2007 | "Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Most Addictive track |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2009 | "She Wolf" | Best Video |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Best Female |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2010 | Shakira | Best Female |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Free Your Mind |{{won}} {{end}} ===MTV Video Music Awards Japan=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2008 | rowspan="2"|Beautiful Liar (pamoja na [[Beyonce]]) | Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Video |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===MTV Millennial Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.latinpost.com/articles/15621/20140625/mtv-millennial-awards-nominations-list-date-and-location-awards-show-returns-to-mexico-on-august-12.htm|title= MTV Millennial Awards Nominations List, Date, and Location: Awards Show Returns to Mexico on August 12|accessdate=2014-07-22|publisher=MTV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://millennial.mtvla.com/noticia/lista-ganadores-miaw-2014|title= #MIAW: ¡todos los ganadores!|accessdate= 2015-02-27|publisher= MTV|archivedate= 2015-02-27|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20150227084439/http://millennial.mtvla.com/noticia/lista-ganadores-miaw-2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://shakiraitalia.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/shakira-nominata-ai-millennial-awards-2017/|title= Shakira Millennial awards 2017|accessdate= 2017-08-09|publisher= Shakira Italia|archivedate= 2017-08-09|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170809133201/https://shakiraitalia.wordpress.com/2017/04/25/shakira-nominata-ai-millennial-awards-2017/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mtvla.com/mx/mtv-miaw/noticias/flor-vigna-mica-viciconte-mica-suarez-lali-y-mas-argentinos-nominados-a-los-premios-mtv-miaw-2018|title=Millennial awards 2018 nominados|accessdate=2018-04-21|publisher=mtv.com|archive-date=2018-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419225832/http://www.mtvla.com/mx/mtv-miaw/noticias/flor-vigna-mica-viciconte-mica-suarez-lali-y-mas-argentinos-nominados-a-los-premios-mtv-miaw-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Colombian Twitter Star Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center" rowspan="2"|2017 | rowspan="1"|"Chantaje" pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] | Collaboration of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|La Bicicleta pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]] | Best Party Anthem |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center" rowspan="1"|2018 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Artist of the Year (Colombia) |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===MTV Italian Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="1"|Can't Remember To Forget You (ft. [[Rihanna]]) | Best video |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===MTV Video Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo nne.<ref name="Shakira discography" /><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rockonthenet.com/archive/2002/mtvvmas.htm|title= Winners of 2002 MTV Video Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-30|publisher=Rock on the Net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/09-08-2000/0001307675&EDATE=|title= MTV Returns to Radio City Music Hall Causing a Celebrity Traffic Jam|accessdate= 2009-11-21|work= Prnewswire|publisher= [[United Business Media]]|deadurl= yes|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/68AHMWEqU?url=http://www2.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=%2Fwww%2Fstory%2F09-08-2000%2F0001307675&EDATE=|archivedate= 2012-06-04|df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2005/|title= 2005 MTV Video Music Awards|accessdate= 2009-10-30|publisher= MTV|archive-date= 2008-08-28|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080828073144/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2005/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2006/|title= 2006 MTV Video Music Awards|accessdate= 2009-10-30|publisher= MTV|archive-date= 2013-08-19|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819072659/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2006/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2007/|title= 2007 MTV Video Music Awards|accessdate= 2009-10-30|publisher= MTV|archive-date= 2016-05-17|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160517061921/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2007/|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shakira.com/news/title/vote-for-shakira-in-the-vmas|title=Vote for Shakira in the VMA's|accessdate=2010-08-17|publisher=Shakira.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819123925/http://www.shakira.com/news/title/vote-for-shakira-in-the-vmas|archive-date=2010-08-19|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2010-08-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819123925/http://www.shakira.com/news/title/vote-for-shakira-in-the-vmas}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2000 | rowspan="2" |"Ojos Así" | MTV Video Music Award - International Viewer's Choice |{{won}} |- | International Viewer's Choice — Latin America (South) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="7" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="7" |"Whenever, Wherever/Suerte" | MTV Video Music Award for Best Female Video |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Dance Video |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Cinematography |Aliteuliwa |- | International Viewer's Choice — Latin America (North) |{{won}} |- | International Viewer's Choice — Latin America (Pacific) |Aliteuliwa |- | International Viewer's Choice — Latin America (Atlantic) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2005 | rowspan="3" |"La tortura" | Best Female Video |Aliteuliwa |- | Viewer's Choice |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Dance Video |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="7" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="7" |"Hips Don't Lie" | Best Female Video |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Video |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Dance Video |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Viewer's Choice |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography |{{won}} |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Art Direction |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="4" |"Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Most Earthshattering Collaboration |{{won}} |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography |Aliteuliwa |- | MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2010 | Shakira | Latino Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2018 | "Chantaje"<small>(pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])</small> | Best Latin |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===MÜ-YAP Turkish Phonographic Industry Society Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003 | Laundry Service<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.mu-yap.org/english/getdata.asp?PID=320 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-04-06 |archivedate=2008-04-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422023918/http://www.mu-yap.org/english/getdata.asp?PID=320 }}</ref> | Best selling International female album |{{won}} {{end}} ===NAACP Image Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2008 | Beautiful Liar (pamoja na [[Beyonce]]) | NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Music Video |Aliteuliwa {{end}} === Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards === Shakira ameteuliwa mara mbili.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bryson|first=Carey|date=|url=http://kidstvmovies.about.com/od/nickelodeonkca2007/a/nickkca2007.htm|title=Winners of 2007 Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|archivedate=2013-05-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513173101/http://kidstvmovies.about.com/od/nickelodeonkca2007/a/nickkca2007.htm}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" | Favorite Song |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2017 | Herself | Favorite Global Music Star |Aliteuliwa {{end}} === Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards Colombia === Shakira ameteuliwa mara tatu.<ref>{{cite web|date=|url=http://kidschoiceawardscolombia.mundonick.com/ganadores/|title=Winners of 2015 Nickelodeon's Kids' Choice Awards Colombia|accessdate=2015-02-27|work=KCA|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903072718/http://kidschoiceawardscolombia.mundonick.com/ganadores/|archivedate=2014-09-03|df=}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="2" align="center"|2014 | "Nunca Me Acuerdo de Olvidarte" | Favorite Latin Song |{{Won}} |- | "Herself" | Favorite Colombian Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" align="center"|2016 | "La Bicicleta" ft. [[Carlos Vives]] | Favorite Latin Song |Aliteuliwa {{end}} === Meus Premios Nick === {{awards table}} |- | align="center"|2003 | Shakira | Favorite International Solo/Group Aritst |{{nom}} {{end}} === Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards Argentina === {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | Shakira | Favorite Latin Singer or Band |Aliteuliwa |- | ''Loca'' | Favorite Song |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2014 | "La La La (Brazil 2014)" | Favorite Latin Song |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===NME Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|accessdate=2011-01-29|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/60869/NME-Awards-2011-Nominations|title=NME Awards 2011: Nominations |work=Gigwise|publisher=NME}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;"|2011||rowspan="1"|Shakira |NME Award for Hottest Woman || Aliteuliwa |- {{end table}} ===NRJ Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo saba.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=4439|title=Shakira sweeps NRJ music awards|date=2003-01-21|accessdate=2009-10-31|work=Top40-charts.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.absolutely.net/2006/01/23/the_black_eyed_peas_take_two_french_music_awards_0236_1.html|title=The Black Eyed Peas take two French Music Awards|accessdate=2009-10-31|publisher=Absolutely.net|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120713094424/http://news.absolutely.net/2006/01/23/the_black_eyed_peas_take_two_french_music_awards_0236_1.html|archivedate=2012-07-13|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.absolutely.net/2006/10/29/aguilera_and_evanescence_leads_nrj_nominations_2352_2.html|title=The Black Eyed Peas take two French Music Awards|date=2006-01-23|accessdate=2009-10-31|publisher=Absolutely.net|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714130419/http://news.absolutely.net/2006/10/29/aguilera_and_evanescence_leads_nrj_nominations_2352_2.html|archive-date=2012-07-14|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/votes-3373/votecategorie/?cat=4|title=NRJ Music Awards 2010|date=|accessdate=2009-11-25|publisher=Nrjmusicawards|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sHzvo7?url=http://nrjmusicawards.nrj.fr/palmares-3889/votecategorie/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/NRJ-Music-Awards/news-77871.html|title= NRJ Music Awards 2012 : les 10 dernières indiscrétions (in French)|date=|accessdate=2012-01-27|publisher=Chartsinfrance}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2003 | " Whenever, Wherever" | International Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | "Laundry Service" | International Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | Shakira | International Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="2"| "La Tortura" | International Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Video Of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | International Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" | International Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | International Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2010 | Shakira | International Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | "Waka Waka" | International Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Shakira | International Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | Shakira | Honor for the Career |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="3"|Shakira | rowspan="3"|International Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2016 |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2017 |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Ordre des Arts et des Lettres=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | Shakira | Ordre des Arts et des Lettres<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.shakira.com/news/619 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-04-06 |archivedate=2023-06-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603172649/https://www.shakira.com/news/619 }}</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-16807670</ref> |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Orgullosamente Latino Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara mbili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orgullosamentelatino.com/|title=Orgullosamente Latino Awards - History|accessdate=2010-08-20|publisher=orgullosamentelatino|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821123023/http://www.orgullosamentelatino.com/|archive-date=2010-08-21|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821123023/http://www.orgullosamentelatino.com/|archivedate=2010-08-21}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Solo Artist of the year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2010 | Shakira | Solo Female Artist of the year |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===People's Choice Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara moja.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/09/entertainment/main2340513.shtml|title=Winners of 2006 People's Choice Awards|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=CBSnews|date=2007-01-09|archivedate=2012-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026094122/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/09/entertainment/main2340513.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/08/entertainment/main3689583.shtml|title=Winners of 2007 NRJ Music Awards|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=CBSnews|date=2008-01-08|archivedate=2008-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106185047/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/08/entertainment/main3689583.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://top40.about.com/b/2010/11/09/katy-perry-and-lady-gaga-lead-peoples-choice-awards-music-nominees.htm|title=Katy Perry and Lady Gaga Lead People's Choice Awards Music Nominees|accessdate=2010-11-10|publisher=About.com|archivedate=2011-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629204003/http://top40.about.com/b/2010/11/09/katy-perry-and-lady-gaga-lead-peoples-choice-awards-music-nominees.htm}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2007 | "Hips Don't Lie" | Favorite Pop Song |{{won}} |- | Shakira | Favorite Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2008 | "Beautiful Liar" <small>(pamoja na [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]])</small> | Favorite R&B Song |Aliteuliwa |- |align="center"|2017 |rowspan="2"|Shakira | Favorite Social Media Celebrity |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2018 | Latin Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Los 40 Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda mara kumi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ediciones-anteriores/|title=PREMIOS LOS 40 PRINCIPALES Winners|accessdate=2010-11-07|publisher=Los40|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sJjAkE?url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ediciones-anteriores/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.exitoslatinos.com/premiosyfestivales/loscuarentaprincipales/premiolos40principales2006.htm|title=PREMIOS LOS 40 PRINCIPALES 2006|accessdate=2010-11-07|publisher=Exitoslatinos|archive-date=2012-03-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314185538/http://www.exitoslatinos.com/premiosyfestivales/loscuarentaprincipales/premiolos40principales2006.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/votaciones/ |title=2009 Premios 40 Principales |accessdate=2009-11-01 |publisher=Los40 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027203902/http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/votaciones/ |archivedate=2009-10-27 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.los40.com/articulo/noticias/Shakira-The-Black-Eyed-Peas-triunfadores-Premios-Principales/l40actn01/20091211l40l40not_8/Tes|title=Shakira y The Black Eyed Peas, triunfadores con 2 Premios 40 Principales|language=spanish|accessdate=2009-12-13|date=2009-12-12|publisher=Los40|archivedate=2009-12-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214071412/http://www.los40.com/articulo/noticias/Shakira-The-Black-Eyed-Peas-triunfadores-Premios-Principales/l40actn01/20091211l40l40not_8/Tes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.los40.com/noticia/alejandro-sanz-y-maldita-nerea-lideran-la-lista-de-nominados-a-los-premios-40-principales-2010/nota/1339985.aspx|title=Alejandro Sanz y Maldita Nerea lideran la lista de nominados a los Premios 40 Principales 2010|language=spanish|accessdate=2010-10-16|date=2010-10-16|publisher=Los40|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sNFy93?url=http://www.los40.com/actualidad/noticias/alejandro-sanz-y-maldita-nerea-lideran-la-lista-de-nominados-a-los-premios-40-principales-2010/nota/1339985.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ganadores/|title=Ganadores Premios 40 Principales 2011|language=spanish|accessdate=2011-12-10|publisher=Los40|archivedate=2013-12-15|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20131215175344/http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ganadores/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2006 | " Hips Don't Lie" | Best International Song |{{won}} |- | Shakira | Best International Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2009 |" Loba" | Best International Song In Spanish Language | {{won}} |- | Shakira | Best International Artist In Spanish Language | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2010 |" Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Best International Song In Spanish Language | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="left"|Shakira | rowspan="2" align="left"|Best International Artist In Spanish Language | {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2011 | {{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="left"|Most influential Latin artist in the world | {{won}} |- |"Loca" | rowspan="2" align="left"|Best International Song In Spanish Language | Aliteuliwa |- |"Rabiosa" | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2012 | Shakira | Best International Artist In Spanish Language | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2016 | Shakira | 50th Anniversary Golden Music Awards |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"La Bicicleta" <small>(pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]])</small> | 50th Anniversary Golden Music Awards |{{won}} |- | Los 40 Global Show Award |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2017 | Shakira | Best Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | "Me Enamoré" | Los 40 Global Show Award |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2018 | "El Dorado World Tour" | Tour of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Premios Juventud=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo 15.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.net/corp/en/pr/Miami_22092005-1.html|title=2nd Annual "Premios Juventud" Awards: A Night of Stars and Premier Performances|date=2005-09-22|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=[[Univision]]|archivedate=2008-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205103240/http://www.univision.net/corp/en/pr/Miami_22092005-1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Beltra|first=Jimena|date=2006-06-02|url=http://www.farandulas.com/archives/2006/06/el_cantante_cha.html|title= The singer Chayanne among the nominees for the Youth Awards|accessdate=2009-11-01|language=spanish|work=Farandulas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=2006-06-26|url=http://rbd.tuxsoul.com/modules/news/makepdf.php?storyid=179|format=pdf|title=Premios Juventud 2006|accessdate=2009-12-27|language=spanish|work=Tuxsoul|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306234642/http://rbd.tuxsoul.com/modules/news/makepdf.php?storyid=179|archive-date=2012-03-06|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306234642/http://rbd.tuxsoul.com/modules/news/makepdf.php?storyid=179|archivedate=2012-03-06}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spanishtown.ca/enterstory10.htm |title=Premios Juventud 2006 - 3RD Annual |accessdate=2009-11-01 |publisher=Spanishtown |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611074225/http://www.spanishtown.ca/enterstory10.htm |archivedate=2008-06-11 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=34241|title=4th Annual 'Premios Juventud' Awards on Univision Constructs an All-Star Musical Factory|accessdate=2009-11-28|work=Top40-charts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spanishtown.ca/entertainmentstories/premiosjuventud2007/premiosjuventud2007.htm|title=Premios Juventud 2007 - 4th Annual|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=Spanishtown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091125164820/http://www.spanishtown.ca/entertainmentstories/premiosjuventud2007/premiosjuventud2007.htm|archive-date=2009-11-25|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sRROq5?url=http://www.spanishtown.ca/entertainmentstories/premiosjuventud2007/premiosjuventud2007.htm|archivedate=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.latingossip.com/es/premios/premios-juventud-2008-nominados.html|title=Premios Juventud 2008 : Nominados|date=2008-02-05|accessdate=2009-11-01|publisher=Latingossip|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sSU932?url=http://www.latingossip.com/es/premios/premios-juventud-2008-nominados.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://top40-charts.com/news/Charts-Awards/Nominations-For-Univisions-Premios-Juventud/56068.html|title=Nominations For Univision's Premios Juventud|date=|accessdate=2010-05-09|publisher=Top40charts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/home/permalink/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20100707006227&newsLang=en|title=Univision’s 7th Annual "Premios Juventud" to Feature Biggest Line-up and Number of Musical Acts Ever in Its History|date=|accessdate=2010-07-08|publisher=Businesswire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?chid=6&schid=10416&secid=11221&cid=1599806|title=Univision’s 7th Annual "Premios Juventud"|accessdate=2010-07-16|publisher=Univision|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sVH6ml?url=http://archivo.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?chid=6}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/noticias/article/2011-05-12/premios-juventud-nominados-prince-royce-shakira-ricky?ftloc=channel7639:wcmWidgetUimStage&ftpos=channel7639:wcmWidgetUimStage:1|title=Prince Royce, el más nominado en Premios Juventud|accessdate=2011-05-13|publisher=Univision|language= Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/ganadores/openpage/2011-03-14/premios-juventud-2011-ganadores-musica|title=Premios Juventud Ganadoras 2011|accessdate=2011-07-22|publisher=Univision|language= Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/23984-shakira-nominated-for-two-colombian-youth-awards.html|title=Shakira nominated for two Youth Awards|accessdate=2012-05-11|publisher=Univision|archivedate=2012-05-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521010315/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/culture/23984-shakira-nominated-for-two-colombian-youth-awards.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/ganadores/openpage/2012-07-05/pj-2012-ganadores-musica|title=Youth Awards 2012|accessdate=2012-07-25|publisher=Univision|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AXIf8aEQ?url=http://musica.univision.com/premios-juventud/ganadores/openpage/2012-07-05/pj-2012-ganadores-musica|archivedate=2012-09-08|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.latinpost.com/articles/12060/20140508/2014-premios-juventud-awards-and-nominations-prince-royce-romeo-santos-lead-nominations-william-levy-sebasti%C3%A1n-rulli-also-score-nods.htm|title=2014 Premios Juventud Awards and Nominations: Prince Royce, Romeo Santos Lead Nominations; William Levy, Sebastián Rulli Also Score Nods |author=|date= |website= |publisher= |accessdate=May 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://musica.univision.com/article/2024582/2014-07-13/premios-juventud/lo-mejor/lo-que-veras-en-premios-juventud-2014|title=Premios Juventud 2014. Ganadores y Show|author=|date=July 18, 2014 |website= |publisher= |accessdate=July 18, 2014}}</ref><ref name="award">{{cite web|title=Univision’s “Premios Juventud” 2017 ‘Bets on the Future’ with a Show on July 6 At 7 P.M. ET/PT (6 P.M. Central)|url=http://corporate.univision.com/corporate/press/2017/05/18/univisions-premios-juventud-2017-bets-future-show-july-6-7-p-m-etpt-6-p-m-central/|website=corporate.univision.com|accessdate=20 May 2017}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2004 | rowspan="5" |Shakira | She’s Totally Red Carpet |Aliteuliwa |- | Dream Chic |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Moves |Aliteuliwa |- |All Over the Dial |Aliteuliwa |- |My Idol Is |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" |Shakira And Antonio De La Rúa |Hottest Romance |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="8" align="center"|2005 | rowspan="5" |Shakira | Favourite Rock Star |{{won}} |- | Favourite Pop Star |{{won}} |- | My Idol Is.. |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Moves |{{won}} |- |I Hear Her Everywhere |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1" |"Fijación Oral Vol. 1" |CD to Die For |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" |"La Tortura" |Catchiest Tune |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" |Shakira and Alejandro Sanz |Dynamic Duet |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2006 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Favourite Rock artist |{{won}} |- | Favourite pop star |Aliteuliwa |- |iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |{{won}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="4" |Shakira | Favourite pop star |Aliteuliwa |- | My Favorite Concert |Aliteuliwa |- |iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |{{won}} |- |My Idol is... |{{won}} |- | "Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No" | The Perfect Combo |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2008 | Shakira | iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |Aliteuliwa |- | Supernova Award |{{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|"Loba" | My Favorite Video |{{won}} |- | My Ringtone |Aliteuliwa |- | "Somos el Mundo" | The Perfect Combo |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="7" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |{{Won}} |- | Favourite pop star |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|"Loca" (feat El Cata) | Catchiest Tune |Aliteuliwa |- | My Favorite Video |Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite Ringtone |Aliteuliwa |- | "Sale El Sol" | Your Favorite CD |Aliteuliwa |- | "The Sun Comes Out World Tour" | The Super Tour |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |{{won}} |- | Favourite pop star |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2013 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | iQue rico se mueve!(Best moves) |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="1" |Shakira |Favorite Hispanic Pop/Rock Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Can't Remember to Forget You" |Favorite hit | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2016 | rowspan="1" |"Mi Verdad" |Mejor Tema Novelero | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |Shakira |Mi Tuitero Favorito |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="2" |"Chantaje" pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] |Best Song For Dancing | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |The Perfect Combination | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |" La Bicicleta" pamoja na [[Carlos Vives]] | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Song For "Chillin" | Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ==Premios Tu Mundo== Shakira ameteuliwa mara tatu.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/Premios_Tu_Mundo/Vota/Artista-Pop-Favorito-17 |title=Artista pop favorito |publisher=Telemundo |date=August 3, 2014 |accessdate=August 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726032431/http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/Premios_Tu_Mundo/Vota/Artista-Pop-Favorito-17 |archive-date=2014-07-26 |dead-url=yes |df= |archivedate=2014-07-26 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726032431/http://msnlatino.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/Premios_Tu_Mundo/Vota/Artista-Pop-Favorito-17 }}</ref><ref name="laopinion.com">{{cite web|title=Lista completa de nominados a Premios Tu Mundo 2017|url=https://laopinion.com/2017/07/19/lista-completa-de-nominados-a-premios-tu-mundo-2017/|website=laopinion.com|accessdate=19 July 2017|language=Spanish}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | rowspan="2" |Favorite Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2017 |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |Me Enamoré | Party-Starter Song |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ==Premios Lo Nuestro== Shakira ameshinda tuzo ishirini na nne.<ref name="univision-lonuestro">{{cite news|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Univision+Announces+The+Nominees+For+The+Most+Distinguished+Awards+In...-a019271447|title=Univision Announces The Nominees For The Most Distinguished Awards In Spanish-Language Music: 'Premio Lo Nuestro A La Musica Latina'|publisher=[[Univision]]|date=April 2, 1997|accessdate=July 28, 2014|archivedate=2014-08-05|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140805023312/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Univision+Announces+The+Nominees+For+The+Most+Distinguished+Awards+In...-a019271447}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=491000 |title=Winners of 1997 Premios Lo Nuestro |accessdate=2009-11-02 |language=spanish |publisher=Univision |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805232254/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=491000 |archivedate=2011-08-05 |df= }}</ref><ref name="univision-lonuestro-1999">{{cite news|url=http://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/notas/292976-%C2%BFquienes-se-llevaran-esta-noche-el-premio-lo-nuestro-%2299 |title=¿Quiénes se llevarán esta noche el Premio Lo Nuestro "99? |language=Spanish |work=Panamá América |publisher=Grupo Epasa |date=May 6, 1999 |accessdate=June 15, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615032738/http://www.panamaamerica.com.pa/notas/292976-%C2%BFquienes-se-llevaran-esta-noche-el-premio-lo-nuestro-%2299 |archivedate=June 15, 2013 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490994 |title=Winners of 1999 Premios Lo Nuestro |accessdate=2009-11-02 |language=spanish |publisher=Univision |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403132343/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490994 |archivedate=2010-04-03 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490993|title=Winners of 2000 Premios Lo Nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223000343/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490993|archivedate=2010-02-23|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490992|title=Winners of 2001 Premios Lo Nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805232447/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490992|archivedate=2011-08-05|df=}}</ref><ref name="shakira-people">{{cite news|url=http://www.caracol.com.co/noticias/actualidad/shakira--gana-premio-lo-nuestro-2002/20020208/nota/153421.aspx |title=Shakira Gana Premio Lo Nuestro 2002 |language=Spanish |publisher=[[PRISA|Prisa Radio]] |work=[[Caracol Radio|Caracol]] |date=February 8, 2002 |accessdate=August 20, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203025338/http://www.caracol.com.co/noticias/actualidad/shakira--gana-premio-lo-nuestro-2002/20020208/nota/153421.aspx |archivedate=December 3, 2013 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490991|title=Winners of 2002 Premios Lo Nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100223000338/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490991|archivedate=2010-02-23|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml;jsessionid=3DSY5DLE3C1U4CWIAAPCFFAKZAADYIWC?chid=1&schid=5421&secid=5425&cid=174423|title=Premios lo nuestro 2003 nominados|language=spanish|publisher=univision|accessdate=2010-03-16|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sb4a0F?url=http://archivo.univision.com/content/content.jhtml;jsessionid=3DSY5DLE3C1U4CWIAAPCFFAKZAADYIWC?chid=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/channel.jhtml?chid=1&schid=5421&secid=6128#Video|title=Premios lo nuestro 2003 winners|language=spanish|publisher=univision|accessdate=2010-03-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606010031/http://www.univision.com/content/channel.jhtml?chid=1&schid=5421&secid=6128#Video|archive-date=2011-06-06|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sbiYT0?url=http://archivo.univision.com/content/channel.jhtml?chid=1#Video}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.net/corp/es/pr/Miami_14012004-1.html |title=Nominees of 2004 Premios Lo nuestro |accessdate=2009-11-02 |language=spanish |publisher=Univision |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613071916/http://www.univision.net/corp/es/pr/Miami_14012004-1.html |archivedate=2011-06-13 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490989|title=Winners of 2004 Premios Lo nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805232521/http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=490989|archivedate=2011-08-05|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hispanicprwire.com/news.php?l=es&id=5336|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5BgbkgdSc?url=http://www.hispanicprwire.com/news.php?l%3Des%26id%3D5336|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2005-11-24|title=Nominees of 2006 Premios Lo nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20121208210433/http://www.hispanicprwire.com/news.php?l=es&id=5336|archivedate=2012-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.top40-charts.com/news.php?nid=21195|title= Olga Tanon, Intocable and Shakira Biggest Winners at 'Premio Lo Nuestro' Latin Music Awards|accessdate=2009-11-02|work=Top40-charts}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1041993&pagenum=2|title=Nominees of 2007 Premios Lo nuestro - Pop|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sfNHVr?url=http://musica.univision.com/trivias/article/2006-12-12/comunicado-de-prensa-oficial}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/content.jhtml?cid=1100664|title=Winners of 2007 Premios Lo nuestro|accessdate=2009-11-02|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sgRaB4?url=http://univisionaustin.univision.com/destino2010/candidatos/slideshow/2007-12-10/premio-cumple-20-anos}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.univision.com/content/channel.jhtml?chid=10383&schid=10646&secid=10648|title=Nominees of 2010 Premios Lo nuestro|accessdate=2009-12-21|language=spanish|publisher=Univision|archivedate=2013-07-15|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7shVwlG?url=http://musica.univision.com/premio-lo-nuestro/nominados}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/aventura-is-biggest-winner-of,1171199.shtml|title=Aventura is Biggest Winner of "Premio Lo Nuestro 2010|accessdate=2010-02-21|publisher=Earthtimes|archivedate=2014-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202093823/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/aventura-is-biggest-winner-of,1171199.shtml}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20101202006834/en/Univision-Kicks-Off-Countdown-Highly-Anticipated-23rd-Edition-%E2%80%9CPremio|title= Univision Kicks-Off Countdown to Highly-Anticipated 23rd Edition of "Premio Lo Nuestro" Latin Music Awards; Announces Full List of Nominated Artists |accessdate=2010-12-04|publisher=Businesswire}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2011/12/02/shakira-tito-el-bambino-garner-most-premio-lo-nuestro-nods/|title=Shakira, Tito el Bambino garner most Premio Lo Nuestro nods|accessdate=2011-12-04|publisher=Univision|date=2011-12-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111206043037/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/entertainment/2011/12/02/shakira-tito-el-bambino-garner-most-premio-lo-nuestro-nods/|archive-date=2011-12-06|dead-url=yes|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/genre/latin/shakira-prince-royce-win-big-at-premio-lo-1006223552.story|title=Shakira, Prince Royce Win Big At Premio Lo Nuestro Awards|accessdate=2012-02-18|publisher=Univision|work=Billboard.biz|archivedate=2012-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224050151/http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/genre/latin/shakira-prince-royce-win-big-at-premio-lo-1006223552.story}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fashionnstyle.com/articles/38413/20141230/premio-lo-nuestro-2015-enrique-iglesias-nominees.htm|title= Premio Lo Nuestro 2015: Enrique Iglesias Leads With 10 Nominations, Including Album Of The Year|accessdate=2015-01-01|publisher=Univision}}</ref><ref name="Premio Lo Nuestro Ganadores">{{cite news|url=http://premiolonuestro.abardev.net/admin/start/sessionvoting/loginvoting|title=Lista de Ganadores - Premio Lo Nuestro Latin Music Award 2015|work=[[Univision]]|publisher=[[Univision Communications]]|year=2014|accessdate=February 20, 2015|language=Spanish|format=[[HyperText Markup Language|HTML]]|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223124204/http://premiolonuestro.abardev.net/admin/start/sessionvoting/loginvoting|archivedate=February 23, 2015|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://premiolonuestro.com/vota/|title=Premio Lo Nuestro 2019|work=Premio Lo Nuestro|publisher=Premio Lo Nuestro|year=2019|accessdate=January 8, 2019|language=Spanish|df=}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|1997 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best New Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |''Pies Descalzos'' | Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Estoy Aquí" | Lo Nuestro Award for Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Pies Descalzos, Sueños Blancos" | Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|1999 | rowspan="1" |Shakira | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' | Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Ciega, Sordomuda" | Pop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2000 | Shakira | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2001 | ''MTV Unplugged'' | Lo Nuestro Award for Rock/Alternative Album of the Year |{{won}} |- |rowspan="2"| Shakira | Best Rock Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Pop Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="1"|''Laundry Service'' | People Choice Award: Favorite Rock Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2003 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | People'ｓ Internet Choice Award-Rock Genre |Aliteuliwa |- | "Suerte" | Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2004 | Shakira | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | "Que Me Quedes Tu" | Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2006 | "La Tortura" | Pop Song Of The Year |{{won}} |- | Shakira & Alejandro Sanz | Group Or Duo Of The Year |{{won}} |- | "Fijación Oral vol. 1" | Pop Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | "No" | Clip of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2007 | Shakira |Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2010 |"Loba" | Video of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Female Artist | {{won}} |- |"Lo Hecho Está Hecho" | Pop Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | Best Pop Female Artist | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Rabiosa" | Pop Song of the Year | {{won}} |- | Best Collaboration of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |"Sale el Sol" | Pop Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |"Sale el Sol" | Pop Album of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2015 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | rowspan="2" |Pop Female Artist of the Year | {{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|2016 | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" |"Mi Verdad"{{small|(pamoja na Manà)}} | Collaboration of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Pop Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="3" |"La Bicicleta"{{small|(pamoja na Carlos Vibes)}} | Single of the Year | {{won}} |- | Video of the Year | {{won}} |- |Tropical Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2019 | Shakira | Pop/ Rock Artist of the Year | |- | "Clandestino" {{small|(pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]])}} | |- | "El Dorado World Tour" | Tour of the Year | |- {{end}} ===Premios Nuestra Tierra=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo tano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://extroversia.universia.net.co/html/musica/archivoNoticiasAntesVer.jsp?actualConsecutivo=827&ann=2007&mess=Febrero|title=Nominados a los premios Nuestra Tierra|accessdate=2011-04-14|language=spanish|publisher=Universia.net|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721074325/http://extroversia.universia.net.co/html/musica/archivoNoticiasAntesVer.jsp?actualConsecutivo=827&ann=2007&mess=Febrero|archive-date=2011-07-21|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721074325/http://extroversia.universia.net.co/html/musica/archivoNoticiasAntesVer.jsp?actualConsecutivo=827&ann=2007&mess=Febrero|archivedate=2011-07-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/category/anos-anteriores/|title=Recuerde a los ganadores de las ediciones previas de Premios Nuestra Tierra|accessdate=2011-04-14|language=spanish|publisher=Nuestratierra|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120322180843/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/category/anos-anteriores/|archive-date=2012-03-22|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120322180843/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/category/anos-anteriores/|archivedate=2012-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/shakira-anuncia-gira-mundial-2010/|title=Shakira anuncia gira mundial 2010|accessdate=2011-04-14|language=spanish|publisher=Nuestratierra|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906212620/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/shakira-anuncia-gira-mundial-2010/|archive-date=2012-09-06|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120906212620/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/shakira-anuncia-gira-mundial-2010/|archivedate=2012-09-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news-lite/news/15577-shakira-and-juanes-compete-for-colombian-music-awards.html|title= Shakira and Juanes compete for Colombian music awards|accessdate= 2011-04-14|publisher= Colombianreports|archivedate= 2011-04-15|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110415031102/http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news-lite/news/15577-shakira-and-juanes-compete-for-colombian-music-awards.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/listos-los-nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2011-2/|title=Listos los nominados a Los Premios Nuestra Tierra 2011|accessdate=2011-04-14|language=spanish|publisher=Nuestratierra|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120322180902/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/listos-los-nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2011-2/|archive-date=2012-03-22|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120322180902/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/listos-los-nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2011-2/|archivedate=2012-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nominados a los Premios Nuestra Tierra 2012|url=http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2012/|publisher=Nuestratierra.com|accessdate=2012-10-28|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130101155710/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2012/|archive-date=2013-01-01|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2013-01-01|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130101155710/http://www.nuestratierra.com.co/nominados-a-los-premios-nuestra-tierra-2012/}}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="6" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Best Pop Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Pop Performance of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Hips Don't Lie" | Best Urban Performance of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" |"Fijacion Vol. 1" | Best Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"La Pared" | Best Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2008 | rowspan="1" |"Hay Amores" | Best movie Soundtrack national |{{won}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Best website Colombian artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Artist of the Year (Public) |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |"Loba" | Best Pop Performance of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Music Video of the Year (Colombian) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="9" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="2" |"Waka Waka (This Time For Africa)" | Best Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Song of the Year (Public) |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Loca" | Best Music Video of the Year (Colombian) |{{won}} |- | rowspan="5" |Shakira | Best Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Artist of the Year (Public) |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Twittered of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Fan Club |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" |"Sale El Sol" | Album Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="4" |Shakira | Best Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Artist of the Year (Public) |Aliteuliwa |- | Twittered of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | "Antes de las Seis" | Best Pop Performance of the Year |{{nom}} |- {{end}} ==Premios Oye!== SHakira ameshinda tuzo tisa.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=20&Itemid=38|title= Winners of Premios Oye! 2002-08|accessdate= 2009-11-02|publisher= Premiosoye|archivedate= 2013-07-15|archiveurl= https://www.webcitation.org/6I7skbTC6?url=http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/index.php?option=com_content}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Leila Cobo and|first=Teresa Aguilera|date=2002-12-14|url=http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4649117-1.html|title=Oye! Awards Spotlight Mexican Music|accessdate=2009-11-02|work=Allbusiness|publisher=Billboard|archivedate=2008-11-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081118111153/http://www.allbusiness.com/retail-trade/miscellaneous-retail-retail-stores-not/4649117-1.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=kalek|first=|date=2007-07-14|url=http://tvnotiblog.com/nominados-a-los-premios-oye-2007/|title=Nominados a los premios Oye! 2007|language=spanish|accessdate=2009-11-30|publisher=TVnotiblog|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7slpTDn?url=http://tvnotiblog.com/nominados-a-los-premios-oye-2007/|archivedate=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/Nominados_Premio_Oye_2010.pdf|title=Premios Oye 2010 Nominados|language=spanish|accessdate=2010-09-04|publisher=Premiosoye.com|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922111359/http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/Nominados_Premio_Oye_2010.pdf|archivedate=2010-09-22|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/resources/pdf/Premio_Oye_2012_Boletin_de_Prensa_Nominados.pdf |title=Premios Oye Nominados 2012 |language=spanish |accessdate=2011-12-21 |publisher=Premiosoye |format=pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131092647/http://www.premiosoye.com.mx/resources/pdf/Premio_Oye_2012_Boletin_de_Prensa_Nominados.pdf |archivedate=2012-01-31 |df= }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="3"|Shakira | Best International Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Best Spanish Breakthrough of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2005 | Shakira | Best Pop Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="5" align="center"|2006 | "Oral Fixation Vol. 2" | Best English Record of the Year |{{won}} |- | "Día de Enero" | Premio Social a la Música |{{won}} |- | rowspan="3"|"Hips Don't Lie" | Best Spanish Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best English Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | Video of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2007 | rowspan="2" |"Te Lo Agradezco, Pero No" | Best Spanish Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Best Spanish Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="1" |"She Wolf" | Spanish Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2012 | rowspan="1" |"Sale El Sol" | Spanish Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | Shakira | Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===Pollstar Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | 2018 | Shakira | Best Latin Tour | {{won}} {{end}} ===Radio Disney Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | 2014 | Shakira | Radio Disney Hero Award | {{won}} {{end}} ===Record of the Year Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | Whenever Wherever | Record of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2006 | Hips Don't Lie | Record of the Year |Aliteuliwa<br> |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2007 | Beautiful Liar (pamoja na [[Beyonce]]) | Record of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===Ritmo Latino Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|1999 | "¿Dónde Están Los Ladrones?" | Best International Female Artist |{{won}} |- | Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | "Suerte" | Music Video of the Year |{{won}} {{end}} === Shock Awards === {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|1996 | Shakira | Best Songwriter |{{won}} |- |Pies Descalzos |Best Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4" align="center"|1999 | rowspan="3" |Shakira | Person of the Year |{{won}} |- | Best Music Composer |{{won}} |- | Best Artist |{{won}} |- | Dónde Están los Ladrones? | Best Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2000 | "Hay amores" | Best Soundtrack in a Film |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | Shakira | Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2005 | "[[Fijación Oral Vol. 1]]" | Best Album |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2009 | "She Wolf" | Best Radio Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2010 | "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Best Radio Song |Aliteuliwa |- |"She Wolf" | Album of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2016 | "La Bicicleta" | Best Radio Song |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Swiss Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara moja.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.swissmusicawards.ch/pdf/news_en/Medienmitteilung_6.pdf |title=Swiss Music Awards 2011 - Winners |accessdate=2011-03-10 |work=Swissmusicawards.ch |language=german |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707003550/http://www.swissmusicawards.ch/pdf/news_en/Medienmitteilung_6.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-07 |df= }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2011 | "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)" | Best International Hit |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Telehit Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2008 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | rowspan="2"|Most Important Latin Artist in the World |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2009 |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="1"|"Rabiosa" | rowspan="1"|Song of the Year |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | rowspan="1"|Artist of the Decade |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===Teen Choice Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara mbili.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/vote-music.php|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010|date=2010-06-14|work=Teenchoice|accessdate=2010-06-14|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110329170600/http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/vote-music.php|archivedate=2011-03-29|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://teenchoiceawards.com/vote-other.php|title=Teen Choice Awards 2010|work=Teenchoice|accessdate=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://archive.today/20100830102114/http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/vote-other.php|archive-date=2010-08-30|dead-url=yes|df=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20100830102114/http://www.teenchoiceawards.com/vote-other.php|archivedate=2010-08-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b194304_vampires_dont_suck_teen_choice_awards.html|title=Vampires Don't Suck at Teen Choice Awards (Neither Do Justin Bieber, Sandra Bullock or the Kardashians)|work=E!online|accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/07/17/second-wave-of-nominations-for-teen-choice-2014-announced/283935/ |title=Second Wave of Nominations for 'Teen Choice 2014' Announced |date=July 17, 2014 |accessdate=July 21, 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928084947/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/07/17/second-wave-of-nominations-for-teen-choice-2014-announced/283935/ |archivedate=2015-09-28 |=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720001014/http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2014/07/17/second-wave-of-nominations-for-teen-choice-2014-announced/283935/ }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2002 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Teen Choice Award for Choice Music - Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2010 | rowspan="2"|Shakira | Choice Music :Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | Choice Others: Activist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2014 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Choice TV Reality Personality - Female |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2015 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Choice Twit |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2016 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Choice Song from a Movie or TV Show: "Try Everything" |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" align="center"|2017 | rowspan="1"|Shakira | Choice Latin Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Chantaje pamoja na [[Maluma (singer)|Maluma]] |rowspan="2"|Choice Latin Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Deja Vu pamoja na [[Prince Royce]] |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===TRL Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtv.it/trlawards/vota-web.asp |title=TRL Music Awards 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110227154458/http://www.mtv.it/trlawards/vota-web.asp |archivedate=2011-02-27 |df= }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2011 | rowspan="2" | "Shakira" | Too Much Award |Aliteuliwa |- | Wonder Woman Award |{{won}} |- {{end}} ===Urban Music Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urbanmusicawards.net/us_news.php?id=108&start=0&limit=10 |title=Urban Music Awards U.S.A Reveals Nominations |date=2009-05-01 |accessdate=2009-11-02 |publisher=Urbanmusicawards |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090509082404/http://www.urbanmusicawards.net/us_news.php?id=108&start=0&limit=10 |archivedate=2009-05-09 |df= }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="1"| 2009 | Shakira | Best Latino International Act | Aliteuliwa {{end}} ===VH1 Do Something Awards=== {{awards table}} |- |rowspan="1"| 2010 | rowspan="2" |Shakira | rowspan="2" |DO SOMETHING Music Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"| 2012 | {{won}} {{end}} ===Virgin Media Music Awards=== {{awards table}} |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="1"|2011 | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="1"|Shakira |Virgin Media Music Award for Best Female |{{won}} |- |} ===World Music Awards=== Shakira ameshinda tuzo hii mara saba.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1ennp_shakira1998worldmusicawardsbest_music|title= Shakira won Best Latin Artist at 1998 World Music Awards |accessdate=2009-11-02|publisher=Dailymotion}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/search/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=2000704|title=Winners of 2003 World Music Awards |date=2003-10-13|accessdate=2009-11-02|publisher=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popstarsplus.com/awards_worldmusicawards.htm|title=Winners and Nominees of 2005 World Music Awards|accessdate=2009-11-02|publisher=popstarsplus|archivedate=2013-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922130052/http://www.popstarsplus.com/awards_worldmusicawards.htm}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Megan|first=Romer|date=2006-05-11|url=http://worldmusic.about.com/od/newsarticles/a/2006IRAWMA.htm|title=2006 International Reggae and World Music Awards Winners|accessdate=2009-11-02|work=About.com|publisher=The New York Times Company|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sqkbVv?url=http://worldmusic.about.com/od/newsarticles/a/2006IRAWMA.htm|archivedate=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebrity-mania.com/news/view/00004163.html|title=Mika and Akon Scored Big at 2007 World Music Award|date=2007-11-05|accessdate=2009-11-02|publisher=Celebrity-mania|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7srR1Hy?url=http://www.celebrity-mania.com/news/view/00004163.html|archivedate=2013-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.azcentral.com/ent/celeb/articles/1105wma-CR.html?&wired|title= Mika, Akon big winners at World Music Awards|date=2007-11-05|accessdate=2009-11-02|publisher=Azcentral}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7009059217|title=World Music Awards Honor International Artists|date=2007-11-05|accessdate=2009-11-02|work=Allheadlinenews|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313092755/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7009059217|archive-date=2008-03-13|dead-url=yes|df=|archivedate=2008-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313092755/http://www.allheadlinenews.com/articles/7009059217}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.celebrity-mania.com/news/view/00013131.html|title=Lady GaGa Is Big Winner at 2010 World Music Award|date=|accessdate=2010-05-19|work=Celebrity - mania|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708131508/http://www.celebrity-mania.com/news/view/00013131.html|archivedate=2011-07-08|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldmusicawards.com/?page_id=26 |title=World Music Awards 2012 - Best Female Artist |publisher=Worldmusic |accessdate=2012-12-08 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CkGSzOqX?url=http://www.worldmusicawards.com/?page_id=26 |archivedate=2012-12-08 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldmusicawards.com/?page_id=26#!worlds-best-entertainer-of-the-year/c17uc |title=World Music Awards 2012 - Entertainer of the Year |publisher=Worldmusic |accessdate=2012-12-12 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CrJhiAa0?url=http://www.worldmusicawards.com/?page_id=26 |archivedate=2012-12-12 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref><ref>http://worldmusicawards.com/index.php/vote/</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|1998 | rowspan="11" |Shakira | rowspan="4" |World's Best Selling Latin Female Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2003 |{{won}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2005 |{{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align="center"|2006 |{{won}} |- | World's Best Selling Female Artist |{{won}} |- | align="center"|2007 | World's Best Selling Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | align="center"|2010 | World's Best Selling Latin American Artist |{{won}} |- | rowspan="10" align="center"|2014 | World's Best Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- | World's Best selling Latin Artist |{{won}} |- | World's Best Live Act |Aliteuliwa |- | World's Best Entertainer of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Can't Remember to Forget You" <small>(pamoja na [[Rihanna]])</small> | World's Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- | World's Best Video |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2" |"Empire" | World's Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- | World's Best Video |Aliteuliwa |- | ''Shakira'' | rowspan="2" |World's Best Album |Aliteuliwa |- | ''Live from Paris'' |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ===World Soundtrack Awards=== Shakira ameteuliwa mara moja.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsoundtrackacademy.com/news2.cgi?go=detail&id=601&lang=en |title=Nominees World Soundtrack Awards 2008 announced |date=2008-08-18 |accessdate=2009-11-02 |publisher=Worldsoundtrackacademy |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125112911/http://www.worldsoundtrackacademy.com/news2.cgi?go=detail&id=601&lang=en |archivedate=2009-01-25 |df= }}</ref> {{awards table}} |- | rowspan="1" align="center"|2008 | "Despedida" | World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film |Aliteuliwa |- {{end}} ==Marejeo== {{reflist|2}} {{s-start}} {{s-ach|aw}} {{succession box | title = [[Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album]] | years = 2001<br />'''for ''[[MTV Unplugged (Shakira album)|Shakira MTV Unplugged]]'' ''' | before= [[Rubén Blades]]<br />for ''Tiempo'' | after = [[Freddy Fender]]<br />for ''La Música de Baldemar Huerta'' }} {{succession box | title = [[Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album]] | years = 2006<br />'''for ''[[Fijación Oral Vol. 1]]'' ''' | before= [[Ozomatli]]<br />for ''[[Street Signs (album)|Street Signs]]'' | after = [[Maná]]<br />for ''[[Amar es Combatir]]'' }} {{s-bef|rows=3|before=[[Alejandro Sanz]]<br />for ''Tú No Tienes Alma''}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year]] | years=2006<br />'''for ''[[La Tortura]]'' '''}} {{s-aft|rows=3|after=[[Juan Luis Guerra]]<br />for ''[[La Llave de Mi Corazón (song)|La Llave de Mi Corazón]]''}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year]] | years=2006<br />'''for ''La Tortura'' '''}} |- {{s-ttl|title=[[Latin Grammy Award for Album of the Year]] | years = 2006<br />'''for ''[[Fijación Oral Vol. 1]]'' '''}} {{end}} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kolombia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kolombia]] lmygvqa952nxi7f7baaxax2qrkcoii8 0 87184 1614044 1529178 2026-11-05T21:09:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} [[File:Waltermondaleasdiplomat.jpg|right|thumb|Walter Mondale, Kaimu Rais wa Marekani]] '''Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale''' ([[5 Januari]] [[1928]] - [[19 Aprili]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] akiwa mwanachama wa [[Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Marekani|Chama cha Kidemokrasia]]. Kuanzia [[mwaka]] wa [[1964]] hadi [[1976]] alikuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[Senati ya Marekani]] akiwakilisha [[jimbo]] la [[Minnesota]]. Halafu alikuwa [[Kaimu Rais]] wa [[Marekani]] chini ya [[Rais]] [[Jimmy Carter]] kuanzia mwaka wa [[1977]] hadi [[1981]]. Mwaka wa 1984 aligombea [[urais]] yeye mwenyewe lakini akashindwa na Rais [[Ronald Reagan]]. == Maisha ya Awali == Walter Frederick Mondale alizaliwa Januari 5, 1928, katika mji wa [[Minnesota]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=MONDALE, Walter Frederick|url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/M000851|url-status=live|access-date=April 20, 2021|website=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]}}</ref> wazazi wake walikuwa ni Theodore Sigvaard Mondale, na mama yake akiwa ni Claribel Hope (née Cowan), aliekuwa mwalimu wa [[muziki]] .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/carter/essays/vicepresident/1829 |title=American President: Walter Mondale |publisher=Millercenter.org |access-date=July 20, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704011945/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/carter/essays/vicepresident/1829 |archive-date=July 4, 2013 |accessdate=2021-04-22 |archivedate=2013-07-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704011945/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/carter/essays/vicepresident/1829 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/389066/Walter-Mondale |title=Walter Mondale |access-date=July 20, 2010 |date= |archive-date=April 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428121338/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/389066/Walter-Mondale |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Walter_Mondale.htm |title=Walter F. Mondale, 42nd Vice President (1977–1981) |publisher=U.S. Senate |access-date=July 20, 2010 |archive-date=September 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901172920/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Walter_Mondale.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Mondale pia ana [[kaka]] ambao ni Clarence alikuja kujulikana kama Pete pamoja na Wiliam anaejulikana kama Mort, baba zao walihamia kutokea nchini [[Norwei]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/p_mondale.html|title=Jimmy Carter|work=American Experience|publisher=PBS|access-date=July 20, 2010|archive-date=September 12, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912182733/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/p_mondale.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=2021-04-22|archivedate=2009-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912182733/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/carter/peopleevents/p_mondale.html}}</ref> Mondale alisoma katika chuo cha ''Macalester College'' kwa muda wa miaka miwili kabla ya kuhamia [[chuo kikuu]] cha [[University of Minnesota]], na kupata shahada ya [[sanaa]] na astashada ya sayansi kaitka siasa mnamo mwaka [[1951]].<ref name=congressbio>{{cite web|title=Mondale, Walter Frederick, (1928 – )|url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m000851|work=[[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress]]|access-date=August 11, 2011|archive-date=September 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922001113/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000851|url-status=live}}</ref> baaya ya Mondale kushindwa kujiandikisha katika chuo cha sheria aliamua kujiunga na jeshi mwaka huo huo wa 1951 muda mfupi baada ya kuwa amehitimu masomo yake. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mondale, Walter}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1928]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Category:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Category:Kaimu Rais wa Marekani]] 870s2y6t6tdkblqdjx6ekd4yzatmd6t 0 89650 1614258 1610953 2026-11-06T11:10:17Z Romie Ravino John 26793 /* Marejeo */ 1614258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tundu A. M. Lissu.jpg|thumb|Tundu Lissu katika kipindi cha Kampeni za Urais, Dodoma 2015]] '''Tundu Lissu''' (jina kamili: '''Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu'''; alizaliwa mkoani [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]], [[20 Januari]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[wakili]], na [[mbunge]] wa zamani wa [[Tanzania]] ambaye kwa sasa ni Mwenyekiti <ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] ([[CHADEMA]]) nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake wa wazi dhidi ya [[rushwa]], ukiukwaji wa [[haki za binadamu]], na matumizi mabaya ya [[madaraka]]. Lissu aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa [[Singida]] [[Mashariki]] kupitia chama cha upinzani cha [[Chadema]] na pia alikuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa chama hicho. Ametambulika kwa ukosoaji wake mkali dhidi ya [[serikali]], hali iliyomfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanasiasa mashuhuri na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika [[siasa]] za upinzani nchini.<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2017, Lissu alinusurika jaribio la mauaji baada ya kushambuliwa kwa risasi zaidi ya 16 mjini [[Dodoma]] — tukio lililoibua maswali mengi kuhusu usalama wa wanasiasa wa upinzani. Baada ya matibabu ya muda mrefu nchini [[Kenya]] na baadaye [[Ubelgiji]], Lissu alirejea Tanzania mwaka 2020 na kugombea urais kupitia [[Chadema]], ingawa hakushinda. Licha ya changamoto alizokumbana nazo, bado anahesabiwa kuwa sauti muhimu katika harakati za kudai demokrasia, utawala wa sheria, na haki za kiraia nchini Tanzania. ==Maisha== Tundu Lissu alizaliwa na wakulima. Alisoma Shule ya Sekondari Ilboru ya [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] na kuhitimu mwaka 1983, halafu alisomea sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 Hon. Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu] {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 |date=20240812090114 }} Imeandaliwa Agosti 2024</ref> Alichaguliwa kuendelea kuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Singida|Singida Mashariki]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa [[mwaka]] 2015.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 Tovuti ya Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 |date=20170508112557 }}Imeandaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Tundu Lissu husifika kwa [[tabia]] yake kuikosoa [[serikali]] kwa kiasi kikubwa akitumia [[taarifa]] na [[takwimu]] nyingi. Kumekuwa na matatizo chungunzima yaliyowekwa wazi na mbunge huyu na alishawahi kusema hatanyamaza kuikosoa serikali, labda afe. Alisema hivyo kwa sababu mara kadhaa alikamatwa na [[polisi]] na kutiwa ndani hadi alipokubaliwa kuweka [[dhamana]]. Mnamo tarehe [[7 Septemba]] [[2017]] majira ya [[saa]] [[Saba (namba)|saba]] [[mchana]] alilengwa [[risasi]] 38, lakini 16 tu katika hizo ndizo zilizompata katika sehemu za [[mkono]], [[miguu]] na [[tumbo]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-41187945 Habari ya Lissu katika] [[BBC]] mnamo 7 Septemba, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/-Tundu-Lissu-apigwa-risasi-Dodoma/1597578-4086284-db4rt/index.html Tundu Lissu apigwa risasi Dodoma] Gazeti la Mwananchi</ref> Tukio hilo lilitokea [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] kwake Dodoma Area D. Baada ya kupata [[matibabu]] ya awali, Lissu alisafirishwa hadi [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu zaidi.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lissu-apelekwa-Nairobi-kwa-matibabu--/1597578-4087160-i4vhcfz/index.html Lissu apelekwa] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu - Mwananchi mnamo 7-09-17.</ref> Baada ya hapo alisafirishwa hadi Ubelgiji alipoendelea kufanyiwa [[upasuaji]] hadi kufikia operesheni 22. Tukio hili limelaaniwa vikali na viongozi na watu mashughuri mbalimbali nchini Tanzania, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Rais]] [[John Magufuli]] aliyeandika kwa masikitiko katika [[ukurasa]] wake wa [[Twitter]] kwa kulaani tendo hilo lisilo la [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagufuliJP/status/905816916920594432 Nimepokea kwa masikitiko taarifa za Lissu] Rais John Pombe Magufuli mnamo 7-09-2017.</ref> [[Mwenyekiti]] wa [[CUF|Chama cha Wananchi (CUF)]] anayetambuliwa na [[vyombo vya dola]], [[Profesa]] [[Ibrahim Lipumba]], naye ameonesha kukerwa na tukio la kutandikwa risasi kwa Lissu. Kwa [[uchungu]], Lipumba amevitaka vyombo vya dola kuwatafuta wahusika wa tukio na wapelekwe katika vyombo vya [[sheria]] mara moja.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lipumba-akerwa-Lissu-kupigwa-risasi/1597578-4087218-s63cc8/index.html Lipumba akerwa Lissu kupigwa risasi] - [[Gazeti]] la Mwananchi mnamo 07-09-2017.</ref> Hata hivyo, hakuna mtu aliyekamatwa kutokana na [[upelelezi]]. Lissu alikaa Ubelgiji kwa matibabu, lakini pia kwa wasiwasi kuhusu [[usalama]] wake nchini Tanzania. Lissu alirudi mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2020]] ili agombee [[Urais]]. Mnamo Januari 2023, Tundu Lissu alitangaza kuwa amerejea Tanzania baada ya miaka mitano ya uhamishoni nchini Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230123-tanzanie-l-opposant-tundu-lissu-annonce-son-retour-apr%C3%A8s-cinq-ans-d-exil www.rfi.fr]</ref> Mnamo Januari 2025, Chama kikuu cha upinzani nchini Tanzania kilimchagua Tundu Lissu kuwa kiongozi mpya kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu uliotarajiwa kufanyika mwezi Oktoba 2025, wakati ambapo kinakabiliwa na ongezeko la ukandamizaji wa kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe akubali kushindwa Chadema, ampongeza Lissu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/siasa/mbowe-akubali-kushindwa-chadema-ampongeza-lissu-4897498|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-01-22|accessdate=2025-01-22|language=en}}</ref> Aprili.9.2025, Lissu alikamatwa kwa tuhuma ya uhaini baada ya kudai mageuzi katika taratibu za uchaguzi mkuu katika mkutano wa hadhara mjini Mbinga akiongozwa na kaulimbiu yake ya "no reform no election".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania's opposition leader Tundu Lissu arrested after rally|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/04/10/tanzanias-opposition-leader-tundu-lissu-arrested-after-rally/|work=Africanews|date=2025-04-10|accessdate=2025-04-10|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2026, Kundi la EPP katika Bunge la Ulaya lilimteua mwanasiasa wa Tanzania, Tundu Lissu, kuwania Tuzo ya Sakharov ya Uhuru wa Mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s Tundu Lissu should win the Sakharov Prize|url=https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/tanzania-s-tundu-lissu-should-win-the-sakharov-prize|work=www.eppgroup.eu|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en}}</ref> Hadi wakati wa uteuzi huo, Lissu alikuwa ameshikiliwa kizuizini kwa zaidi ya siku 500. ==Marejeo Mwaka 2026 November 6 Lissu Ahukumiwa miaka 4 gerezani kwa kosa la uchochezo.== {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] fm2x1yes4ck2ev3vom8o1kzhj1i0p77 1614264 1614258 2026-11-06T11:26:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tundu A. M. Lissu.jpg|thumb|Tundu Lissu katika kipindi cha Kampeni za Urais, Dodoma 2015]] '''Tundu Lissu''' (jina kamili: '''Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu'''; alizaliwa mkoani [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]], [[20 Januari]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[wakili]], na [[mbunge]] wa zamani wa [[Tanzania]] ambaye kwa sasa ni Mwenyekiti <ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] ([[CHADEMA]]) nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake wa wazi dhidi ya [[rushwa]], ukiukwaji wa [[haki za binadamu]], na matumizi mabaya ya [[madaraka]]. Lissu aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa [[Singida]] [[Mashariki]] kupitia chama cha upinzani cha [[Chadema]] na pia alikuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa chama hicho. Ametambulika kwa ukosoaji wake mkali dhidi ya [[serikali]], hali iliyomfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanasiasa mashuhuri na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika [[siasa]] za upinzani nchini.<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2017, Lissu alinusurika jaribio la mauaji baada ya kushambuliwa kwa risasi zaidi ya 16 mjini [[Dodoma]] — tukio lililoibua maswali mengi kuhusu usalama wa wanasiasa wa upinzani. Baada ya matibabu ya muda mrefu nchini [[Kenya]] na baadaye [[Ubelgiji]], Lissu alirejea Tanzania mwaka 2020 na kugombea urais kupitia [[Chadema]], ingawa hakushinda. Licha ya changamoto alizokumbana nazo, bado anahesabiwa kuwa sauti muhimu katika harakati za kudai demokrasia, utawala wa sheria, na haki za kiraia nchini Tanzania. ==Maisha== Tundu Lissu alizaliwa na wakulima. Alisoma Shule ya Sekondari Ilboru ya [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] na kuhitimu mwaka 1983, halafu alisomea sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 Hon. Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu] {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 |date=20240812090114 }} Imeandaliwa Agosti 2024</ref> Alichaguliwa kuendelea kuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Singida|Singida Mashariki]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa [[mwaka]] 2015.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 Tovuti ya Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 |date=20170508112557 }}Imeandaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Tundu Lissu husifika kwa [[tabia]] yake kuikosoa [[serikali]] kwa kiasi kikubwa akitumia [[taarifa]] na [[takwimu]] nyingi. Kumekuwa na matatizo chungunzima yaliyowekwa wazi na mbunge huyu na alishawahi kusema hatanyamaza kuikosoa serikali, labda afe. Alisema hivyo kwa sababu mara kadhaa alikamatwa na [[polisi]] na kutiwa ndani hadi alipokubaliwa kuweka [[dhamana]]. Mnamo tarehe [[7 Septemba]] [[2017]] majira ya [[saa]] [[Saba (namba)|saba]] [[mchana]] alilengwa [[risasi]] 38, lakini 16 tu katika hizo ndizo zilizompata katika sehemu za [[mkono]], [[miguu]] na [[tumbo]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-41187945 Habari ya Lissu katika] [[BBC]] mnamo 7 Septemba, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/-Tundu-Lissu-apigwa-risasi-Dodoma/1597578-4086284-db4rt/index.html Tundu Lissu apigwa risasi Dodoma] Gazeti la Mwananchi</ref> Tukio hilo lilitokea [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] kwake Dodoma Area D. Baada ya kupata [[matibabu]] ya awali, Lissu alisafirishwa hadi [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu zaidi.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lissu-apelekwa-Nairobi-kwa-matibabu--/1597578-4087160-i4vhcfz/index.html Lissu apelekwa] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu - Mwananchi mnamo 7-09-17.</ref> Baada ya hapo alisafirishwa hadi Ubelgiji alipoendelea kufanyiwa [[upasuaji]] hadi kufikia operesheni 22. Tukio hili limelaaniwa vikali na viongozi na watu mashughuri mbalimbali nchini Tanzania, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Rais]] [[John Magufuli]] aliyeandika kwa masikitiko katika [[ukurasa]] wake wa [[Twitter]] kwa kulaani tendo hilo lisilo la [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagufuliJP/status/905816916920594432 Nimepokea kwa masikitiko taarifa za Lissu] Rais John Pombe Magufuli mnamo 7-09-2017.</ref> [[Mwenyekiti]] wa [[CUF|Chama cha Wananchi (CUF)]] anayetambuliwa na [[vyombo vya dola]], [[Profesa]] [[Ibrahim Lipumba]], naye ameonesha kukerwa na tukio la kutandikwa risasi kwa Lissu. Kwa [[uchungu]], Lipumba amevitaka vyombo vya dola kuwatafuta wahusika wa tukio na wapelekwe katika vyombo vya [[sheria]] mara moja.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lipumba-akerwa-Lissu-kupigwa-risasi/1597578-4087218-s63cc8/index.html Lipumba akerwa Lissu kupigwa risasi] - [[Gazeti]] la Mwananchi mnamo 07-09-2017.</ref> Hata hivyo, hakuna mtu aliyekamatwa kutokana na [[upelelezi]]. Lissu alikaa Ubelgiji kwa matibabu, lakini pia kwa wasiwasi kuhusu [[usalama]] wake nchini Tanzania. Lissu alirudi mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2020]] ili agombee [[Urais]]. Mnamo Januari 2023, Tundu Lissu alitangaza kuwa amerejea Tanzania baada ya miaka mitano ya uhamishoni nchini Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230123-tanzanie-l-opposant-tundu-lissu-annonce-son-retour-apr%C3%A8s-cinq-ans-d-exil www.rfi.fr]</ref> Mnamo Januari 2025, Chama kikuu cha upinzani nchini Tanzania kilimchagua Tundu Lissu kuwa kiongozi mpya kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu uliotarajiwa kufanyika mwezi Oktoba 2025, wakati ambapo kinakabiliwa na ongezeko la ukandamizaji wa kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe akubali kushindwa Chadema, ampongeza Lissu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/siasa/mbowe-akubali-kushindwa-chadema-ampongeza-lissu-4897498|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-01-22|accessdate=2025-01-22|language=en}}</ref> Aprili.9.2025, Lissu alikamatwa kwa tuhuma ya uhaini baada ya kudai mageuzi katika taratibu za uchaguzi mkuu katika mkutano wa hadhara mjini Mbinga akiongozwa na kaulimbiu yake ya "no reform no election".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania's opposition leader Tundu Lissu arrested after rally|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/04/10/tanzanias-opposition-leader-tundu-lissu-arrested-after-rally/|work=Africanews|date=2025-04-10|accessdate=2025-04-10|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2026, Kundi la EPP katika Bunge la Ulaya lilimteua mwanasiasa wa Tanzania, Tundu Lissu, kuwania Tuzo ya Sakharov ya Uhuru wa Mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s Tundu Lissu should win the Sakharov Prize|url=https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/tanzania-s-tundu-lissu-should-win-the-sakharov-prize|work=www.eppgroup.eu|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en}}</ref> Hadi wakati wa uteuzi huo, Lissu alikuwa ameshikiliwa kizuizini kwa zaidi ya siku 500. Tarehe 6 Novemba 2026 aliondolewa shtaka la uhaini lakini alihukumiwa miaka 4 gerezani kwa kosa la uchochezi. ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 45p7bilnd76qoocb34qvp4sj47kmanp 1614266 1614264 2026-11-06T11:35:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tundu A. M. Lissu.jpg|thumb|Tundu Lissu katika kipindi cha Kampeni za Urais, Dodoma 2015]] '''Tundu Lissu''' (jina kamili: '''Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu'''; alizaliwa mkoani [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]], [[20 Januari]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[wakili]], na [[mbunge]] wa zamani wa [[Tanzania]] ambaye kwa sasa ni Mwenyekiti <ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] ([[CHADEMA]]) nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake wa wazi dhidi ya [[rushwa]], ukiukwaji wa [[haki za binadamu]], na matumizi mabaya ya [[madaraka]]. Lissu aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa [[Singida]] [[Mashariki]] kupitia chama cha upinzani cha [[Chadema]] na pia alikuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa chama hicho. Ametambulika kwa ukosoaji wake mkali dhidi ya [[serikali]], hali iliyomfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanasiasa mashuhuri na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika [[siasa]] za upinzani nchini.<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2017, Lissu alinusurika jaribio la mauaji baada ya kushambuliwa kwa risasi zaidi ya 16 mjini [[Dodoma]] — tukio lililoibua maswali mengi kuhusu usalama wa wanasiasa wa upinzani. Baada ya matibabu ya muda mrefu nchini [[Kenya]] na baadaye [[Ubelgiji]], Lissu alirejea Tanzania mwaka 2020 na kugombea urais kupitia [[Chadema]], ingawa hakushinda. Licha ya changamoto alizokumbana nazo, bado anahesabiwa kuwa sauti muhimu katika harakati za kudai demokrasia, utawala wa sheria, na haki za kiraia nchini Tanzania. ==Maisha== Tundu Lissu alizaliwa na wakulima. Alisoma Shule ya Sekondari Ilboru ya [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] na kuhitimu mwaka 1983, halafu alisomea sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 Hon. Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu] {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 |date=20240812090114 }} Imeandaliwa Agosti 2024</ref> Alichaguliwa kuendelea kuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Singida|Singida Mashariki]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa [[mwaka]] 2015.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 Tovuti ya Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 |date=20170508112557 }}Imeandaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Tundu Lissu husifika kwa [[tabia]] yake kuikosoa [[serikali]] kwa kiasi kikubwa akitumia [[taarifa]] na [[takwimu]] nyingi. Kumekuwa na matatizo chungunzima yaliyowekwa wazi na mbunge huyu na alishawahi kusema hatanyamaza kuikosoa serikali, labda afe. Alisema hivyo kwa sababu mara kadhaa alikamatwa na [[polisi]] na kutiwa ndani hadi alipokubaliwa kuweka [[dhamana]]. Mnamo tarehe [[7 Septemba]] [[2017]] majira ya [[saa]] [[Saba (namba)|saba]] [[mchana]] alilengwa [[risasi]] 38, lakini 16 tu katika hizo ndizo zilizompata katika sehemu za [[mkono]], [[miguu]] na [[tumbo]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-41187945 Habari ya Lissu katika] [[BBC]] mnamo 7 Septemba, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/-Tundu-Lissu-apigwa-risasi-Dodoma/1597578-4086284-db4rt/index.html Tundu Lissu apigwa risasi Dodoma] Gazeti la Mwananchi</ref> Tukio hilo lilitokea [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] kwake Dodoma Area D. Baada ya kupata [[matibabu]] ya awali, Lissu alisafirishwa hadi [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu zaidi.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lissu-apelekwa-Nairobi-kwa-matibabu--/1597578-4087160-i4vhcfz/index.html Lissu apelekwa] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu - Mwananchi mnamo 7-09-17.</ref> Baada ya hapo alisafirishwa hadi Ubelgiji alipoendelea kufanyiwa [[upasuaji]] hadi kufikia operesheni 22. Tukio hili limelaaniwa vikali na viongozi na watu mashughuri mbalimbali nchini Tanzania, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Rais]] [[John Magufuli]] aliyeandika kwa masikitiko katika [[ukurasa]] wake wa [[Twitter]] kwa kulaani tendo hilo lisilo la [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagufuliJP/status/905816916920594432 Nimepokea kwa masikitiko taarifa za Lissu] Rais John Pombe Magufuli mnamo 7-09-2017.</ref> [[Mwenyekiti]] wa [[CUF|Chama cha Wananchi (CUF)]] anayetambuliwa na [[vyombo vya dola]], [[Profesa]] [[Ibrahim Lipumba]], naye ameonesha kukerwa na tukio la kutandikwa risasi kwa Lissu. Kwa [[uchungu]], Lipumba amevitaka vyombo vya dola kuwatafuta wahusika wa tukio na wapelekwe katika vyombo vya [[sheria]] mara moja.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lipumba-akerwa-Lissu-kupigwa-risasi/1597578-4087218-s63cc8/index.html Lipumba akerwa Lissu kupigwa risasi] - [[Gazeti]] la Mwananchi mnamo 07-09-2017.</ref> Hata hivyo, hakuna mtu aliyekamatwa kutokana na [[upelelezi]]. Lissu alikaa Ubelgiji kwa matibabu, lakini pia kwa wasiwasi kuhusu [[usalama]] wake nchini Tanzania. Lissu alirudi mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2020]] ili agombee [[Urais]]. Mnamo Januari 2023, Tundu Lissu alitangaza kuwa amerejea Tanzania baada ya miaka mitano ya uhamishoni nchini Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230123-tanzanie-l-opposant-tundu-lissu-annonce-son-retour-apr%C3%A8s-cinq-ans-d-exil www.rfi.fr]</ref> Mnamo Januari 2025, Chama kikuu cha upinzani nchini Tanzania kilimchagua Tundu Lissu kuwa kiongozi mpya kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu uliotarajiwa kufanyika mwezi Oktoba 2025, wakati ambapo kinakabiliwa na ongezeko la ukandamizaji wa kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe akubali kushindwa Chadema, ampongeza Lissu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/siasa/mbowe-akubali-kushindwa-chadema-ampongeza-lissu-4897498|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-01-22|accessdate=2025-01-22|language=en}}</ref> Aprili.9.2025, Lissu alikamatwa kwa tuhuma ya uhaini baada ya kudai mageuzi katika taratibu za uchaguzi mkuu katika mkutano wa hadhara mjini Mbinga akiongozwa na kaulimbiu ya chama chake ya "no reform no election".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania's opposition leader Tundu Lissu arrested after rally|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/04/10/tanzanias-opposition-leader-tundu-lissu-arrested-after-rally/|work=Africanews|date=2025-04-10|accessdate=2025-04-10|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2026, Kundi la EPP katika Bunge la Ulaya lilimteua mwanasiasa wa Tanzania, Tundu Lissu, kuwania Tuzo ya Sakharov ya Uhuru wa Mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s Tundu Lissu should win the Sakharov Prize|url=https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/tanzania-s-tundu-lissu-should-win-the-sakharov-prize|work=www.eppgroup.eu|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en}}</ref> Hadi wakati wa uteuzi huo, Lissu alikuwa ameshikiliwa kizuizini kwa zaidi ya siku 500. Tarehe 6 Novemba 2026 aliondolewa shtaka la uhaini lakini alihukumiwa miaka 4 gerezani kwa kosa la uchochezi asiloshtakiwa nalo <ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/lissu-ahukumiwa-kifungo-cha-miaka-minne-gerezani-5660800</ref>. ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4i0psididzekn685dcd9d9urmhedbxc 1614267 1614266 2026-11-06T11:36:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Maisha */ 1614267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tundu A. M. Lissu.jpg|thumb|Tundu Lissu katika kipindi cha Kampeni za Urais, Dodoma 2015]] '''Tundu Lissu''' (jina kamili: '''Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu'''; alizaliwa mkoani [[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]], [[20 Januari]] [[1968]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], [[wakili]], na [[mbunge]] wa zamani wa [[Tanzania]] ambaye kwa sasa ni Mwenyekiti <ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> wa [[Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo]] ([[CHADEMA]]) nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anajulikana kwa msimamo wake wa wazi dhidi ya [[rushwa]], ukiukwaji wa [[haki za binadamu]], na matumizi mabaya ya [[madaraka]]. Lissu aliwahi kuwa Mbunge wa [[Singida]] [[Mashariki]] kupitia chama cha upinzani cha [[Chadema]] na pia alikuwa [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa chama hicho. Ametambulika kwa ukosoaji wake mkali dhidi ya [[serikali]], hali iliyomfanya kuwa mmoja wa wanasiasa mashuhuri na wenye ushawishi mkubwa katika [[siasa]] za upinzani nchini.<ref>https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/national/tundu-lissu-wins-chadema-chairman-position--4897518</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2017, Lissu alinusurika jaribio la mauaji baada ya kushambuliwa kwa risasi zaidi ya 16 mjini [[Dodoma]] — tukio lililoibua maswali mengi kuhusu usalama wa wanasiasa wa upinzani. Baada ya matibabu ya muda mrefu nchini [[Kenya]] na baadaye [[Ubelgiji]], Lissu alirejea Tanzania mwaka 2020 na kugombea urais kupitia [[Chadema]], ingawa hakushinda. Licha ya changamoto alizokumbana nazo, bado anahesabiwa kuwa sauti muhimu katika harakati za kudai demokrasia, utawala wa sheria, na haki za kiraia nchini Tanzania. ==Maisha== Tundu Lissu alizaliwa na wakulima. Alisoma Shule ya Sekondari Ilboru ya [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] na kuhitimu mwaka 1983, halafu alisomea sheria katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>[https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 Hon. Tundu Antiphas Mughwai Lissu] {{Wayback|url=https://www.parliament.go.tz/administrations/432 |date=20240812090114 }} Imeandaliwa Agosti 2024</ref> Alichaguliwa kuendelea kuwa [[mbunge]] wa [[jimbo]] la [[Singida|Singida Mashariki]] katika [[bunge]] la [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] katika [[uchaguzi]] wa [[mwaka]] 2015.<ref>[http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 Tovuti ya Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania] {{Wayback|url=http://www.parliament.go.tz/index.php/administrations/432 |date=20170508112557 }}Imeandaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Tundu Lissu husifika kwa [[tabia]] yake kuikosoa [[serikali]] kwa kiasi kikubwa akitumia [[taarifa]] na [[takwimu]] nyingi. Kumekuwa na matatizo chungunzima yaliyowekwa wazi na mbunge huyu na alishawahi kusema hatanyamaza kuikosoa serikali, labda afe. Alisema hivyo kwa sababu mara kadhaa alikamatwa na [[polisi]] na kutiwa ndani hadi alipokubaliwa kuweka [[dhamana]]. Mnamo tarehe [[7 Septemba]] [[2017]] majira ya [[saa]] [[Saba (namba)|saba]] [[mchana]] alilengwa [[risasi]] 38, lakini 16 tu katika hizo ndizo zilizompata katika sehemu za [[mkono]], [[miguu]] na [[tumbo]].<ref>[http://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-41187945 Habari ya Lissu katika] [[BBC]] mnamo 7 Septemba, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/-Tundu-Lissu-apigwa-risasi-Dodoma/1597578-4086284-db4rt/index.html Tundu Lissu apigwa risasi Dodoma] Gazeti la Mwananchi</ref> Tukio hilo lilitokea [[Nyumba|nyumbani]] kwake Dodoma Area D. Baada ya kupata [[matibabu]] ya awali, Lissu alisafirishwa hadi [[Jiji|jijini]] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu zaidi.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lissu-apelekwa-Nairobi-kwa-matibabu--/1597578-4087160-i4vhcfz/index.html Lissu apelekwa] [[Nairobi]] kwa matibabu - Mwananchi mnamo 7-09-17.</ref> Baada ya hapo alisafirishwa hadi Ubelgiji alipoendelea kufanyiwa [[upasuaji]] hadi kufikia operesheni 22. Tukio hili limelaaniwa vikali na viongozi na watu mashughuri mbalimbali nchini Tanzania, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Rais]] [[John Magufuli]] aliyeandika kwa masikitiko katika [[ukurasa]] wake wa [[Twitter]] kwa kulaani tendo hilo lisilo la [[Binadamu|kibinadamu]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/MagufuliJP/status/905816916920594432 Nimepokea kwa masikitiko taarifa za Lissu] Rais John Pombe Magufuli mnamo 7-09-2017.</ref> [[Mwenyekiti]] wa [[CUF|Chama cha Wananchi (CUF)]] anayetambuliwa na [[vyombo vya dola]], [[Profesa]] [[Ibrahim Lipumba]], naye ameonesha kukerwa na tukio la kutandikwa risasi kwa Lissu. Kwa [[uchungu]], Lipumba amevitaka vyombo vya dola kuwatafuta wahusika wa tukio na wapelekwe katika vyombo vya [[sheria]] mara moja.<ref>[http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/Lipumba-akerwa-Lissu-kupigwa-risasi/1597578-4087218-s63cc8/index.html Lipumba akerwa Lissu kupigwa risasi] - [[Gazeti]] la Mwananchi mnamo 07-09-2017.</ref> Hata hivyo, hakuna mtu aliyekamatwa kutokana na [[upelelezi]]. Lissu alikaa Ubelgiji kwa matibabu, lakini pia kwa wasiwasi kuhusu [[usalama]] wake nchini Tanzania. Lissu alirudi mwishoni mwa mwaka [[2020]] ili agombee [[Urais]]. Mnamo Januari 2023, Tundu Lissu alitangaza kuwa amerejea Tanzania baada ya miaka mitano ya uhamishoni nchini Ubelgiji.<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230123-tanzanie-l-opposant-tundu-lissu-annonce-son-retour-apr%C3%A8s-cinq-ans-d-exil www.rfi.fr]</ref> Mnamo Januari 2025, chama kikuu cha upinzani nchini Tanzania kilimchagua Tundu Lissu kuwa kiongozi mpya kabla ya uchaguzi mkuu uliotarajiwa kufanyika mwezi Oktoba 2025, wakati ambapo kinakabiliwa na ongezeko la ukandamizaji wa kisiasa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Mbowe akubali kushindwa Chadema, ampongeza Lissu|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/siasa/mbowe-akubali-kushindwa-chadema-ampongeza-lissu-4897498|work=Mwananchi|date=2025-01-22|accessdate=2025-01-22|language=en}}</ref> Tarehe 9 Aprili 2025, Lissu alikamatwa kwa tuhuma ya uhaini baada ya kudai mageuzi katika taratibu za uchaguzi mkuu katika mkutano wa hadhara mjini Mbinga akiongozwa na kaulimbiu ya chama chake ya "no reform no election".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania's opposition leader Tundu Lissu arrested after rally|url=https://www.africanews.com/2025/04/10/tanzanias-opposition-leader-tundu-lissu-arrested-after-rally/|work=Africanews|date=2025-04-10|accessdate=2025-04-10|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Septemba 2026, Kundi la EPP katika Bunge la Ulaya lilimteua mwanasiasa wa Tanzania, Tundu Lissu, kuwania Tuzo ya Sakharov ya Uhuru wa Mawazo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania’s Tundu Lissu should win the Sakharov Prize|url=https://www.eppgroup.eu/newsroom/tanzania-s-tundu-lissu-should-win-the-sakharov-prize|work=www.eppgroup.eu|accessdate=2026-10-24|language=en}}</ref> Hadi wakati wa uteuzi huo, Lissu alikuwa ameshikiliwa kizuizini kwa zaidi ya siku 500. Tarehe 6 Novemba 2026 aliondolewa shtaka la uhaini lakini alihukumiwa miaka 4 gerezani kwa kosa la uchochezi asiloshtakiwa nalo <ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/lissu-ahukumiwa-kifungo-cha-miaka-minne-gerezani-5660800</ref>. ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Tanzania}} [[Jamii:Bunge la Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] knhh2hvri2x0kxii0lwly5ghd1851zg 2 101115 1614111 1613165 2026-11-06T00:25:40Z ListeriaBot 32008 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1614111 wikitext text/x-wiki This list is not ready for use on Wikipedia because a Members of the Legislative Council of Kenya who was a member twice does not show twice. {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P39 wd:Q53257689 } |section= |sort=P39/Q53257689/P580 |sort_order=desc |columns=label:Article,description,P27:Country,P39/Q53257689/P580:Start date,P39/Q53257689/P582:End date,P18:Image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! Start date ! End date ! Image |- | [[Daniel Arap Moi]] | | [[Kenya]] | 1963-12-05 | 2004-08-20 | [[Faili:Daniel arap Moi 1979b.jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Jaramogi Oginga Odinga]] | | [[Kenya]] | | | [[Faili:Jaramogi Oginga Odinga (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | [[Tom Mboya]] | Mwanasiasa wa Kenya na mtetezi wa kupinga Ukoloni(1930-1969) | [[Kenya]] | | | [[Faili:Tom Mboya 1962 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q3308042|Michael Blundell]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4724555|Ali Aden Lord]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | [[Faili:Ali Aden Lord.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q4781650|Appolo Ohanga]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4893416|Bernard Mate]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5116420|Chunilal Madan]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5418931|Ewart Grogan]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | [[Faili:Ewart Grogan c1900.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q5443817|Ferdinand Cavendish-Bentinck, 8th Duke of Portland]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5930315|Hugh Cholmondeley, 3rd Baron Delamere]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6180863|Jeremiah J.M. Nyagah]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6219464|John Arthur]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6291093|Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | [[Masinde Muliro]] | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7105974|Oscar Ferris Watkins]]'' | | [[Afrika Kusini]] | | | |- | [[Ronald Ngala]] | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7926135|Victor Newland]]'' | | [[Australia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | 1910-05-07 | 1912-05-07 | |- | ''[[:d:Q7966923|Wambu Mathu]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q9262123|Francis George Montagu-Douglas-Scott]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | [[Esau Khamati Oriedo]] | | [[Kenya]] | | | [[Faili:Esau Khamati Oriedo, circa 1990 Portrait Photograph at Nairobi, Kenya.png|center|128px]] |- | [[Fred Mbiti Gideon Mati]] | Mwafrika wa kwanza Mkenya kuwa Mwalimu wa Shule nchini Uingereza | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q18640395|Frank O'Brien Wilson]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q2538511|Koloni ya kenya]]'' | | | |- | [[Humphrey Slade]] | | [[Kenya]] | | | |- | [[Dorothy Hughes (msanifu majengo)|Dorothy Hughes]] | Mbunifu wa majengo wa Kenya aliyezaliwa London (1910-1987) | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]]<br/>''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q22947832|Wilfrid Havelock]]'' | | [[Kenya]] | | | [[Faili:Wilfrid Havelock, 1963 (cropped).tif|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q30716129|Walter Huggard]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60594587|Derek Erskine]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60602684|Reginald Berkeley Cole]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]'' | | | [[Faili:Lt the Hon Reginald Berkeley Cole 9th Lancers.jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60676422|William Northrup McMillan]]'' | | [[Marekani]] | 1922 | | [[Faili:William Northrup McMillan (N38730).jpg|center|128px]] |- | ''[[:d:Q60686050|Sidney Farrar]]'' | | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60694613|Sir Charles John Markham, 3rd Baronet]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q60770912|Hamilton Ward]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62390747|Isher Dass]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q62589784|Shams-ud-Deen]]'' | | | | | |- | ''[[:d:Q108047950|Anthony Webb]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q174193|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]]''<br/>[[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 1958 | 1963 | |- | ''[[:d:Q119485957|A. B. Patel]]'' | wakili, mwanaharakati wa amani na mwanasiasa (1898-1987) | [[Uhindi]] | 1952 | 1956 | |} {{Wikidata list end}} i19jo7miqrqyfqxak2bqyw89hhdm73l 2 102412 1613662 1038360 2026-11-05T12:34:44Z ListeriaBot 32008 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1613662 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5154936 } |section= |sort=P131 |sort_order=asca |columns=label:Article,description,P17:Country,P131:In administrative entity,P625:Geo Coordinate,P18:Image,P242:Locator map image |thumb=128 |min_section=2 }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! Article ! description ! Country ! In administrative entity ! Geo Coordinate ! Image ! Locator map image |- | ''[[:d:Q6360606|Kanana]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.193056|27.627778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.1931|27.6279|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6441880|Kueneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.016111|27.998056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.01615|27.9981|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6721624|Mabote, Berea]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.278611|27.524167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2788|27.5243|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739269|Makeoana]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.155556|28.111667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.15565|28.1119|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6744948|Maluba-Lube]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.153889|27.773056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.15415|27.77305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6754147|Mapoteng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.108889|27.964722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.12247|27.96216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6917126|Motanasela]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.259444|27.846111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.25965|27.8462|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7188394|Phuthiatsana]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.125278|27.88|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.1255|27.88005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7450493|Senekane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.2525|27.743333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2525|27.74335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7692028|Tebe-Tebe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q737086|Berea District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.214444|27.913611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2147|27.9138|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4540492|'Moteng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.783333|28.495278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.78335|28.49545|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6365995|Kao]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.025|28.567778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.0251|28.5679|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6547309|Likila]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.724167|28.405833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.7243|28.406|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6550233|Linakeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.81|28.3975|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.81|28.3977|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6557295|Liqhobong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.618333|28.617778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.61855|28.618|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739447|Makhunoane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.643333|28.476667|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7067612|Ntelle]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.689722|28.509444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7447176|Sekhobe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.9275|28.596111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.92775|28.59635|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849274|Ts'A-Le-Moleka]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.761111|28.335278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.76135|28.3355|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11105097|Lipelaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q535632|Butha-Buthe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.753333|28.258056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.75355|28.2582|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5443699|Fenyane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.036944|28.139444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.0372|28.1395|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5873543|Hleoheng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.973333|27.918056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.97315|27.91805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6402181|Khomokhoana]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.881944|27.931667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.88185|27.9317|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6548866|Limamarela]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.1725|28.419444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.1727|28.41955|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6550268|Linare]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.858333|28.105833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.85855|28.10585|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6648581|Litjotjela]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.934167|28.023333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.93435|28.02335|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6741306|Malaoaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.919722|28.238056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.91983|28.2383|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6750476|Manka]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.993889|27.821389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.99415|27.8215|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6787670|Matlameng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.979444|28.301667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.9796|28.3017|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6817129|Menkhoaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.885556|28.2925|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.8858|28.29275|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6917144|Motati]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.949722|28.104167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.94995|28.1044|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6928272|Mphorosane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.154167|28.5325|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.1543|28.53255|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7199043|Pitseng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.009722|28.2575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7451886|Sephokong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.806389|28.14|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.8066|28.14005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7455521|Serupane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.948889|28.147778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.94895|28.148|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7456060|Seshote]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.215278|28.616944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.21535|28.617|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849834|Tsoilitsoili]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.0425|27.743611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.04265|27.7438|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11127187|Maisa-Phoka]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q819987|Leribe District]]'' | {{Coord|-28.78|28.205833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-28.7802|28.20605|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4540487|'Makholane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.799444|27.293889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.79945|27.294|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4540488|'Malakeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.874722|27.563333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.87475|27.56345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4540490|'Mamants'O]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.633056|27.336944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.6331|27.33705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6434045|Koti-Se-Phola]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.956667|27.423611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.95675|27.4237|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6738715|Makaota]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.851111|27.237778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.85115|27.2378|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7267688|Qibing]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.779167|27.128333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.77925|27.1286|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7289792|Ramoetsana]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.899167|27.662778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.8992|27.6629|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7676775|Tajane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.696389|27.523889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11133774|Malumeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.891667|27.45|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.8918|27.45|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11155423|Metsi-Maholo]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.618333|27.1725|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.6186|27.1726|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Tsa Kholo, Lesotho - panoramio - Graham Maclachlan.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q12124322|Monyake]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817342|Mafeteng District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.7625|27.613889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.7626|27.6141|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q3944492|Makheka]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.66|27.86|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.66415|27.85765|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4667530|Abia]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.3825|27.5375|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q5763138|Mazenod]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.464167|27.496944|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6547033|Likalaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.465|28.097778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.4652|28.0979|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6547544|Lilala]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.533333|27.408611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.53345|27.4088|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6647825|Lithabaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.366111|27.538056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.3663|27.5381|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Lithabaneng Qeme Plateau seen from Ha Matala.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6648208|Lithoteng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.3675|27.515|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.36774|27.515|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739359|Makhaleng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.699722|27.725556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.69998|27.72572|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Lesotho Makhaleng.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739430|Makhoarane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.620556|27.534444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.6208|27.53445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6739874|Makolopetsane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.696667|28.120556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.6968|28.12065|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6782988|Maseru Central]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.306389|27.475|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.30642|27.47505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6894240|Mohlakeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.514167|27.644444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.51435|27.6445|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7070811|Nyakosoba]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.504722|27.869167|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Nkakosobe View from A5 to the southeast.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q7267746|Qiloane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.36275|27.63195|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7268009|Qoaling]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.335556|27.497778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.3358|27.498|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7295490|Ratau]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.382778|27.789167|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7322217|Ribaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.755556|27.718889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.7557|27.719|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7449753|Semonkong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.8433|28.0504|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.8488|27.9941|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7596469|Stadium Area]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.311111|27.5|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.31119|27.50009|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7697571|Telle]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.836944|28.131667|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.83707|28.13187|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12121184|Manonyane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.473889|27.7325|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.47395|27.7325|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Mahlanyeng Maloti Mountains and A5 seen to the southeast.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q15256563|Motimposo]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q844921|Maseru District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.313333|27.521389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.3136|27.5216|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6402014|Khoelenya]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.294167|27.491111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.29425|27.4912|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6783068|Mashaleng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.094167|27.418889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.09435|27.4191|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7180393|Phamong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.204167|27.788889|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7265689|Qabane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.944722|28.4575|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7267572|Qhobeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.9275|27.843333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.9275|27.84345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7268015|Qobong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.079444|27.789167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.0796|27.78925|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7455041|Seroto]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.975|27.965556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.9752|27.9656|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7515525|Siloe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.983611|27.279167|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.98375|27.2793|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7695309|Teke]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.17|27.588333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.17025|27.58835|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7708827|Thaba Mokhele]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.023611|27.550278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.02365|27.5505|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11173557|Nkau]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.948056|28.318056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.94815|28.31815|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q12130909|Mootsinyane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.268056|27.681111|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.2683|27.6813|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q27480561|Likhutloaneng Community]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839074|Mohale's Hoek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.9769|28.1387|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6399239|Khalahali]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.124167|29.1125|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.12435|29.11265|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6402782|Khubelu]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.279444|28.777778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2796|28.7778|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6550230|Linakaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.473611|28.952778|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.4737|28.95285|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6556307|Liphamola]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.292778|29.048333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2928|29.04835|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6753807|Mapholaneng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.179167|28.883056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.1793|28.88305|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6777966|Marung]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.439722|28.875833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.43995|28.8759|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6786355|Mateanong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.354444|29.218611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.3545|29.2188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6787992|Matsoku]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.17|28.656944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.17005|28.6572|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6896166|Molika-Liko]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.091944|28.998056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.0921|28.99805|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6911362|Moremoholo]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.238056|29.125|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.23825|29.12525|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7124034|Pae-La-Itlhatsoa]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.046667|28.91|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.0469|28.91005|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7229100|Popa]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.259167|28.948889|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.2593|28.94895|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7282716|Rafolatsane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.354722|28.910833|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7402894|Sakeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.359167|29.099722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.3593|29.0999|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11172433|Tekeseleng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817340|Mokhotlong District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.396389|29.068056|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.39665|29.06815|display=inline}} | [[Faili:Matsoaing village, eastern Lesotho.jpg|center|128px]] | |- | ''[[:d:Q6402177|Khomo-Phatsoa]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.923333|28.982222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.9234|28.98245|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6533437|Letloepe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.095278|28.663333|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.0954|28.66345|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6782951|Maseepho]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.012778|28.546389|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.0128|28.5465|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6786359|Matebeng Council]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.844722|28.873611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.84485|28.8738|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6915640|Mosenekeng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.907778|28.7525|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.908|28.7526|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7145086|Patlong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.080278|28.310278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.0803|28.3105|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7289114|Ramatšeliso]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.044722|28.863611|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7296086|Ratšoleli]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.048333|28.685556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.04855|28.6856|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7708823|Thaba-Khubelu]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.889722|28.660556|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.88975|28.66055|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7708824|Thaba-Litšoene]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.972778|28.818611|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.973|28.8188|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7996052|Whitehill]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q850423|Qacha's Nek District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.1025|28.462222|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.10275|28.46235|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4503611|Qomoqomong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.454444|27.809444|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6556306|Liphakoe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.395278|27.706944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.3954|27.70705|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6787976|Matsatseng]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.423889|27.666944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.42395|27.66715|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6885479|Mkh'Ono]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.161111|27.990278|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.16116|27.99042|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6895395|Mokotjomela]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.285|27.961944|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.28505|27.9621|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q6928256|Mphaki]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.224444|28.169722|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.22455|28.16985|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7446088|Seforong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.102778|28.186389|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7849436|Tsatsane]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.445833|27.985833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.4461|27.9861|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11164708|Likhohlong]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.547222|27.744444|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.54748|27.7446|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q11168260|Nkoebe]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q839060|Quthing District]]'' | {{Coord|-30.368889|27.8175|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-30.36895|27.81755|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q4935802|Bobete]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817327|Thaba-Tseka District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.443333|28.7175|display=inline}} | | |- | ''[[:d:Q7708821|Thaba-Chitja]]'' | | [[Lesotho]] | ''[[:d:Q817327|Thaba-Tseka District]]'' | {{Coord|-29.285|28.390833|display=inline}}<br/>{{Coord|-29.28525|28.39085|display=inline}} | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} lgfijruuhl2qp0v6h31gkxznxgjlepx 0 104319 1613959 1525101 2026-11-05T19:34:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | jinalamchezaji = Samuel Eto'o | picha = [[image:Samuel 2011.jpg|Eto'o mwaka 2011|thumb|250px]] | jinakamili = Samuel Eto'o | tareheyakuzaliwa= {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1981|3|10|df=yes}} | mjialiozaliwa = [[Douala]] | nchialiozaliwa = [[Cameroon]] | urefu = {{height|m=1.8}} | nafasi = [[Mshambuliaji]] | klabuyasasa = | nambayaklabu = | miakayaujana = 1992-1996 | Timuzaujana = [[Kadji Sports Academy]] | miakayaujana1 = 2010–2011 | Timuzaujana = [[La Fábrica (Real Madrid)|Real Madrid]] | years1 = 1997–2000 | clubs1 = [[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] | caps1 = 3 | goals1 = 0 | years2 = 1997–1998 | clubs2 = → [[CD Leganés|Leganés]] (mkopo) | caps2 = 28 | goals2 = 3 | years3 = 1999 | clubs3 = → [[RCD Espanyol|Espanyol]] (mkopo) | caps3 = 0 | goals3 = 0 | years4 = 2000 | clubs4 = → [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] (mkopo) | caps4 = 13 | goals4 = 6 | years5 = 2000–2004 | clubs5 = [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] | caps5 = 120 | goals5 = 48 | years6 = 2004–2009 | clubs6 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] | caps6 = 144 | goals6 = 108 | years7 = 2009–2011 | clubs7 = [[Inter Milan]] | caps7 = 67 | goals7 = 33 | years8 = 2011–2013 | clubs8 = [[FC Anzhi Makhachkala|Anzhi Makhachkala]] | caps8 = 53 | goals8 = 25 | years9 = 2013–2014 | clubs9 = [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] | caps9 = 21 | goals9 = 9 | years10 = 2014–2015 | clubs10 = [[Everton F.C.|Everton]] | caps10 = 14 | goals10 = 3 | years11 = 2015 | clubs11 = [[U.C. Sampdoria|Sampdoria]] | caps11 = 18 | goals11 = 2 | years12 = 2015–2018 | clubs12 = [[Antalyaspor]] | caps12 = 76 | goals12 = 44 | years13 = 2018 | clubs13 = [[Konyaspor]] | caps13 = 13 | goals13 = 6 | years14 = 2018–2019 | clubs14 = [[Qatar SC]] | caps14 = 17 | goals14 = 6 | totalcaps = 587 | totalgoals = 293 | nationalyears1 = 2000 | nationalteam1 = [[Cameroon national under-23 football team|Cameroon U23]] | nationalcaps1 = 6 | nationalgoals1 = 1 | nationalyears2 = 1997–2014 | nationalteam2 = [[Cameroon national football team|Cameroon]] | nationalcaps2 = 118 | nationalgoals2 = [[List of international goals scored by Samuel Eto'o|56]] | manageryears1 = 2015–2016 | managerclubs1 = [[Antalyaspor]] (meneja wa muda) | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|Football]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{fb|CMR}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Football at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2000 Summer Olympics|2000 Sydney]] | [[Football at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2000 African Cup of Nations|2000 Ghana–Nigeria]]|}} {{Medal|Winner|[[2002 African Cup of Nations|2002 Mali]]|}} {{Medal|Runnerup|[[2008 African Cup of Nations|2008 Ghana]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[FIFA Confederations Cup]]}} {{Medal|RU|[[2003 FIFA Confederations Cup|2003 France]]|}} }} '''Samuel Eto'o Fils''' (alizaliwa [[10 Machi]] [[1981]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] wa [[Kameruni]] ambaye anacheza kama [[mshambuliaji]] kwa Qatar SC. Ndiye mchezaji aliyependekezwa zaidi kuwa bora kati ya wale wa Kiafrika wa wakati wote, baada ya kushinda tuzo ya mchezaji wa mwaka wa Afrika mara nne: mwaka 2003, 2004, 2005 na 2010. Alikuwa wa tatu katika tuzo ya FIFA World Player ya Mwaka mwaka 2005. Eto'o alifunga magoli zaidi ya 100 katika msimu wa tano na [[Barcelona]], na pia ni mmiliki wa rekodi katika idadi ya maonyesho na mchezaji wa Afrika huko [[La Liga]]. Mwaka 2010, alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza kushinda mafanikio mawili ya bara ya Ulaya. kufuatia mafanikio yake ya nyuma ya Barcelona na [[Inter Milan]]. Yeye ni mchezaji wa pili katika historia ya kupiga fainali mbili za Kombe la Mabingwa wa UEFA na mchezaji wa nne, baada ya [[Marcel Desailly]], [[Paulo Sousa]] na [[Gerard Piqué]], kushinda nyara miaka miwili mfululizo na timu tofauti. Mnamo Septemba 2021, Samuel Eto'o, alitangaza kugombea urais wa Shirikisho la Soka la Cameroon (Fecafoot). Mnamo Machi 7, 2025, Mahakama ya Usuluhishi wa Michezo iliamuru kurejeshwa kwa ugombea wa Samuel Eto'o katika orodha ya wagombeaji wa uchaguzi wa wanachama wa kamati kuu ya CAF. Samwel Eto'o anamiliki [[Mtandao|mitandao]] ya [[simu za mkononi]] huko kwao Kamerun. ==Kazi ngazi ya Klabu== ===Real Madrid=== Akiwa mwanafunzi wa Akademi ya [[Kadji Sports Academy]] kutokea nchini Kameruni, Eto'o alijiunga na akademi ya vijana ya Real Madrid mwaka 1997, lakini aliweza tu kufanya mazoezi na Real Madrid Castilla/Real Madrid B, kwani alikua bado mdogo.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993624_2146033,00.html |magazine=Time |title=In Cameroon, Samuel Eto'o Reigns as Uncrowned King – Photo Essays |date=2 June 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608011331/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1993624_2146033,00.html |archive-date=8 June 2010}}</ref> Real Madrid B walishushwa daraja hadi ligi ya tatu (Segunda División B), ambapo wachezaji wasio raia wa Umoja wa Nchi za Ulaya (EU) hawaruhusiwi kucheza, na matokeo yake alihamishwa kwa mkopo kwenda CD Leganés klabu ya ligi daraja la pili, kwa msimu wa 1997–98.<ref name=Early>{{cite web | url=http://arogeraldes.com/2007/07/la-revancha-de-etoo.html | title=La revancha de Eto'o | publisher=Fox Sport | access-date=20 October 2006 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028062943/http://arogeraldes.com/2007/07/la-revancha-de-etoo.html | archive-date=28 October 2010 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Baada ya kucheza mechi 30 na kufunga mabao manne pekee, alirudi Madrid mwishoni mwa msimu wa 1998–99. Mnamo Januari 1999, alipelekwa kwa mkopo klabu ya RCD Espanyol<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.camlions.com/fr/indexlions.php?tid=35&wid=5|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109100834/http://www.camlions.com/fr/indexlions.php?tid=35&wid=5|url-status=dead|title=QUI SUIS JE ? Samuel, Eto´o Fils|archivedate=9 November 2007}}</ref>, lakini alicheza mechi moja dhidi ya Real Valladolid kwenye mashindano ya Copa del Rey. ===Mallorca=== Msimu uliofuata, katika dirisha la usajili la majira ya baridi, alihamia kwa mkopo klabu ya [[RCD Mallorca|Mallorca]] inayoshiriki ligi kuu ya Hispania ([[La Liga]]), ambako alifunga mabao sita kwenye mechi 19. Mwishoni mwa msimu, Eto'o aliachana na Real Madrid na kusaini mkataba wa kudumu na Mallorca kwa ada ya uhamisho ya Euro milioni 4.4 iliyoweka rekodi. Katika msimu wake wa pili, alifunga mabao 11 na kuanza kuvutia timu mbalimbali katika ligi nzima. Rais wa Mallorca, Mateo Alemany, alielezea kuhusu mtindo wake wa uchezaji, "Sidhani kama kuna mchezaji mwingine duniani ambaye angewapendeza mashabiki zaidi kwa sasa." Eto'o mwenyewe alizungumzia kuhusu kupanda kwake chati, "Ninapenda kuwa hapa [[Mallorca]]; nimekuwa nikitunzwa vizuri kila wakati, mashabiki wananithamini, na pia nina mkataba hadi mwaka 2007." Alionyesha shukrani kwa mashabiki alipotoa msaada wa chakula cha thamani ya €30,000 kwa mashabiki wa Mallorca waliokuwa wamesafiri kuhudhuria fainali za Copa del Rey mwaka 2003 dhidi ya [[Recreativo de Huelva]]. Mallorca walishinda mechi hiyo 3–0, huku Eto'o akifunga mabao mawili ya mwisho yaliyohakikisha ushindi. Eto'o pia alifunga katika ushindi wa ugenini mara mbili mfululizo dhidi ya klabu yake ya zamani [[Real Madrid]]: mchezo wa kwanza, kwenye kipigo cha 1-5, ukiwa ndio mchezo pekee kwa Madrid kupoteza msimu wa 2002-03 waliposhinda taji la msimu;<ref>[https://www.elmundo.es/elmundodeporte/2003/05/03/liga/1051991140.html El Mundo]. Mallorca shatters Bernabéu</ref> mchezo wa pili ulimalizika 2-3 matokeo ambayo yaliwazuia Real Madrid kushinda taji la ligi mfululizo.<ref>[https://elpais.com/deportes/2004/05/08/actualidad/1084000915_850215.html El País]. Mallorca finishes Madrid</ref> ===Barcelona=== ====2004–07: Uhamisho, Tuzo ya Pichichi na Kombe la Kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya==== [[File:Samuel etoo.JPG|thumb|upright|Eto'o akisherehekea bao akiwa na [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] mwezi Disemba 2005]] Eto'o aliondoka Mallorca akiwa mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa klabu hiyo kwenye ligi ya ndani (mabao 54) alipohamia [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] katika majira ya joto ya mwaka 2004 kwa ada ya uhamisho ya Euro milioni 24, baada ya mazungumzo ya muda mrefu ya ikizihusisha Mallorca na Madrid. <ref name=ToWatch>{{cite news |last=McCoy |first=Tim |title=Six to watch in the Primera Liga |publisher=BBC Sport |date=26 August 2004 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/europe/3556318.stm |access-date=26 November 2008}}</ref> Awali, raisi wa Real Madrid, Florentino Perez alitaka kununua haki za mauzo za mchezaji huyo ili kumtoa kwa mkopo tena. Ofa ya Barcelona ililenga wazi kutaka kumnunua<ref>{{cite news |title=Eto'o is Barça priority |publisher=BBC Sport |date=12 July 2004 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/3894767.stm |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040726001916/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/3894767.stm |archive-date=26 July 2004}}</ref>. Hata na hivyo, Madrid ilishafikia kiwango cha idadi ya wachezaji wasio wa Jumuiya ya nchi za Ulaya (3) kilichotakiwa kwa klabu za bara Ulaya. Eto'o alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza akiwa na Barcelona katika ufunguzi wa msimu dhidi ya [[Racing de Santander]] tarehe 29 Agosti 2004. Baada ya kushinda taji la La Liga msimu wa 2004-05, Barcelona waliandaa sherehe kubwa kwenye uwanja wao wa [[Camp Nou]], wakati wa sherehe hizo, Eto'o aliwahamasisha mashabiki kwa kusema, "''Madrid, cabrón, saluda al campeón''" (kwa Kiingereza, "Madrid, bastards, salute the champions"). Shirika la mpira wa miguu la Hispania lilimtoza Etoo faini ya Euro 12,000 kwa matamshi hayo ambayo baadae aliomba radhi kwa kitendo hicho. Alionyesha wazi kujitia kitendo chake na kuomba radhi kwani Madrid ndio ilikua klabu yake ya kwanza kwenye soka la kulipwa. Kiongozi wa mashabiki wa Madrid hakuonyeshwa kuridhishwa na radhi ya Etoo, na alinikuliwa akisema “Mchezaji huyu ni mahiri sana, lakini ana mapungufu makubwa kama mtu binafsi."<ref>{{cite news |title=Eto'o apologizes for outburst |publisher=BBC Sport |date=15 May 2005 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/4553179.stm |access-date=26 November 2008}}</ref> He signed an improved contract with Barcelona in June 2005.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=312993.html|title=Eto'o aims for even better at Barça|date=29 June 2005|access-date=23 July 2009|publisher=UEFA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090729101036/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/news/kind=1/newsid=312993.html|archive-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> Baada ya kukosa tuzo ya Pichichi kwa msimu uliopita, ambayo hutolewa kwa mfungaji bora wa La Liga, Eto'o alishinda tuzo hiyo msimu uliofuata baada ya kumzidi mshambuliaji wa [[Valencia CF|Valencia]] [[David Villa]] siku ya mwisho ya msimu tarehe 20 Mei 2006 alipopachika bao lake la 26 la msimu dhidi ya [[Athletic Bilbao]]. Eto'o pia alifunga mabao sita katika kampeni ya Barcelona ya kushinda taji la UEFA 2005-06. Kwenye fainali ya UEFA 2006, mlinda mlango wa [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] [[Jens Lehmann]] alitolewa kwa kadi nyekundu mwanzo ni mwa mchezo kwa kumwangusha Eto'o nje kidogo ya eneo la hatari, lakini timu ya Barcelona ilisumbuka kutumia faida ya mchezaji pungufu kwa wapinzani Eto'o alipofunga bao la kusawazisha kipindi cha pili. Barcelona ilishinda mchezo huo kwa magoli 2-1, na Eto’o alishinda tuzo ya mshambuliaji bora baada ya mafanikio yake kwenye kampeni ya Kombe la UEFA. <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/history/season=2005/intro.html| title=Ronaldinho delivers for Barcelona| publisher=[[UEFA]]| date=1 June 2006| access-date=26 November 2008| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915063506/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/ucl/history/season%3D2005/intro.html| archive-date=15 September 2008| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Haslam |first=Andrew |title=Ronaldinho reigns in Monaco |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date=24 August 2006 |url=http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind=1/newsid=447990.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208115808/http://www.uefa.com/competitions/supercup/news/kind%3D1/newsid%3D447990.html |archive-date= 8 December 2008 }}</ref> Eto'o pia alishinda tuzo ya kihistoria ya tatu mfululizo ya Mchezaji bora wa Afrika msimu huo. Katika hotuba yake ya ushindi, alisema, "Zaidi ya yote, naitoa hii kwa watoto wote wa Afrika." <ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4722080.stm|title=Eto'o king of Africa once again Eto'o show|publisher=BBC Sport|date=16 February 2006|access-date=26 November 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207035537/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/4722080.stm|archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref> Alichaguliwa pia kwa mara ya pili kwenye kikosi cha kwanza cha dunia cha FIFPro na alishika nafasi ya tatu kwenye kinyang'anyiro cha mchezaji bora wa mwaka chini ya FIFA na kuweka rekodi ya kuwa mchezaji wa pili kutokea Afrika baada ya George Weah kufikia hatua ya tatu bora kwenye tuzo hizo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ronaldinho voted FIFPro World Player of the Year again |publisher=[[FIFPro]] |url=http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=9025 |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221011357/http://worldx1.fifpro.org/index.php?mod=plink&id=9025 |archive-date=21 December 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FIFA World Player |publisher=[[FIFA]] |url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/awards/playeroftheyear/winnermen.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528002627/http://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/awards/playeroftheyear/winnermen.html |archive-date=28 May 2010 }}</ref> Msimu uliofuata ulianza vibaya kwa Eto'o baada ya kuumia goti la kulia kwenye mchezo wa hatua ya makundi ya kombe la UEFA dhidi ya SV Werder Bremen mnamo tarehe 27 Septemba 2006. Daktari wa Barcelona Ricard Pruna alitanabaisha kwamba Eto’o angekuwa nje ya uwanja kwa kipindi cha miezi miwili hadi mitatu. <ref>{{cite news | url=http://football.guardian.co.uk/continentalfootball/story/0,,1883793,00.html | title=Eto'o setback for Barcelona | work=The Guardian | date=29 September 2006 | access-date=29 September 2006 | location=London | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929130121/http://football.guardian.co.uk/continentalfootball/story/0,,1883793,00.html | archive-date=29 September 2006 | df=dmy-all }}</ref> Baada ya kufaniwa operation, kipindi cha kukaa nje ya uwanja kiliongezwa mpaka miezi mitano, laini alirudi mazoezini mwanzoni mwa mwezi Januari 2007. <ref>{{cite web |title=Eto'o out for five months after knee operation |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=27 September 2006 |url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=382133&&cc=5739 |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209155416/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story?id=382133&&cc=5739 |archive-date=9 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Eto'o to train again on Monday |publisher=BBC Sport |date=11 January 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6251923.stm |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127224743/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/6251923.stm |archive-date=27 January 2007}}</ref> ====2007–09: Tuzo zaidi, ''Treble'' na kuondoka==== [[File:Etoo Joan Gamper Trophy 2008.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Eto'o wakati wa Kombe la Joan Gamper Trophy mwaka 2008]] Eto'o alikataa kuingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kwenye mechi ya ligi dhidi ya [[Racing de Santander]] tarehe 11 Februari 2007. Baada ya mchezo huo, meneja wa Barcelona [[Frank Rijkaard]] alinukuliwa akisema, "Hakutaka kuingia; sijui kwa nini." <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/sport_sto1084515.shtml| title=Eto'o refuses to play| publisher=[[Eurosport]]| last=Chick| first=Alex| date=17 February 2007| access-date=17 February 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160109214218/http://www.eurosport.com/football/sport_sto1084515.shtml| archive-date=9 January 2016| df=dmy-all}}</ref> [[Ronaldinho]] alimkosoa Eto'o kwa kitendo chake, akisema kuwa Eto'o hakuwa anatanguliza maslahi ya timu, lakini Eto'o alikanusha kauli hiyo, akidai kuwa hakutaka kuingia kwa sababu hakuwa amejiandaa vya kutosha kwa mazoezi ya kuingia. <ref>{{cite web| url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200702130067.html| title=Cameroon: Ronaldinho Slams Eto'o – Over Racing snub| publisher=allAfrica.com| date=17 February 2007| access-date=17 February 2007| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216063311/http://allafrica.com/stories/200702130067.html| archive-date=16 February 2007| df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/la-liga/2006-2007/sport_sto1085983.shtml| title=Eto'o slams Rijkaard and Ronaldinho| publisher=[[Eurosport]]| date=14 February 2007| access-date=14 February 2007| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216013106/http://www.eurosport.com/football/la-liga/2006-2007/sport_sto1085983.shtml| archive-date=16 February 2007| df=dmy-all}}</ref> Miezi mitatu baadaye, Eto'o alisema, "Mambo kama haya kwa kawaida ni uvumi tu na hayasikiki kwangu. Hata hivyo, ikiwa ni kweli kwamba mimi ni tatizo kwa timu yangu basi nitaondoka. Lakini kama nilivyosema, nina furaha hapa. Waandishi wa habari wanaweza kuandika wanachotaka." Kufuatia kauli hizo, Rais wa Barcelona [[Joan Laporta]] alikataa uvumi kuhusu uhamisho wa Eto'o na Ronaldinho. <ref>{{cite web |title=No Change at Barca, Says Chairman |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=19 June 2007 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/news/2007/June/19/no-change-at-barca-says-chairman/ |access-date=26 November 2008}}</ref> Baada ya kuumia tarehe 28 Agosti katika mechi ya kirafiki wakati wa majira ya joto dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]], Eto'o aliondolewa kwenye kikosi kwa muda usiojulikana. <ref>{{cite news |title=Eto'o cleared to return to action |publisher=BBC Sport |date=4 December 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/africa/7127353.stm |access-date=26 November 2008}}</ref> Tarehe 17 Oktoba, wakati wa kipindi cha kujiuguza, alipata uraia wa Uhispania. <ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/castellano/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071017101231.html| archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122191306/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/castellano/noticies/futbol/temporada07-08/10/n071017101231.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=22 January 2013| title=Eto'o nationalized| publisher=FC Barcelona| date=17 October 2007| access-date=26 November 2008| language=es}}</ref> Aliidhinishwa kucheza tena tarehe 4 Desemba na kurejea uwanjani wiki moja baadaye kwenye ushindi wa Barcelona wa 2–1 dhidi ya [[Deportivo de La Coruña]]. <ref>{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Pete |title=Barcelona 2 Deportivo la Coruna 1: Barcelona achieve harmony with REM's return to stage |work=The Independent |date=10 December 2007 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-2-deportivo-la-coruna-1-barcelona-achieve-harmony-with-rems-return-to-stage-764272.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208030702/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/barcelona-2-deportivo-la-coruna-1-barcelona-achieve-harmony-with-rems-return-to-stage-764272.html |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lyon and Fenerbahce roll on |publisher=[[UEFA]] |date=12 December 2007 |url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=659220.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207222500/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/clubfootball/news/newsid=659220.html |archive-date=7 December 2008}}</ref> [[Pep Guardiola]] aliteuliwa kuwa meneja mpya wa Barcelona kwa msimu wa 2008–09. Kocha huyo alizua gumzo kwa kutangaza kwamba nyota kama Ronaldinho, [[Deco]], na Eto'o hawakuwa sehemu ya mipango yake; hatimaye Eto'o alibaki kwenye klabu, huku wenzake wakiondoka, ingawa kulikuwa na ripoti za kutoelewana kati ya Eto'o na Guardiola. <ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Taylor |first=Daniel |date=18 June 2008 |title=Barcelona clear way for Deco, Ronaldinho and Eto'o to leave |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/jun/18/laligafootball.barcelona |access-date=15 December 2020 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126080014/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2008/jun/18/laligafootball.barcelona |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Eto'o blasts 'coward' Guardiola |url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/story/_/id/37343248/chelsea-striker-samuel-etoo-blasts-bayern-munich-coach-pep-guardiola |work=ESPN.com |access-date=11 March 2024 |date=24 March 2014}}</ref> Eto'o alipata [[hat-trick]] yake ya kwanza ya ligi kwenye mechi dhidi ya [[UD Levante|Levante]] tarehe 24 Februari 2008. <ref>{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Pete |title=Eto'o hat-trick keeps Barcelona in hot pursuit |work=The Independent |date=25 February 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/etoo-hattrick-keeps-barcelona-in-hot-pursuit-786938.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208030707/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/etoo-hattrick-keeps-barcelona-in-hot-pursuit-786938.html |archive-date=8 December 2008}}</ref> Alimaliza msimu akiwa na jumla ya mabao 16 katika mechi 18 za ligi. <ref name=Irish>{{cite news |last=Barclay |first=Patrick |title=Eto'o out to prove class is permanent |work=[[The Irish Independent]] |date=7 July 2008 |url=http://www.independent.ie/sport/soccer/etoo-out-to-prove-class-is-permanent-1428710.html |access-date=26 November 2008}}</ref> [[File:Eto'o and Evra, 2009 UEFA Champions League Final.jpg|thumb|upright|Eto'o akiwa mbele ya [[Patrice Evra]] wa [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] kwenye fainali za UEFA mwaka 2009]] Mnamo tarehe 25 Oktoba, Eto'o aliweka rekodi ya hat-trick ya haraka zaidi katika historia ya ngazi ya klabu baada ya kufunga mara tatu ndani ya dakika 23 katika ushindi dhidi ya [[UD Almería|Almería]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Jensen |first=Pete |title=Eto'o treble maintains Barcelona's flying start |work=The Independent |date=27 October 2008 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/etoo-treble-maintains-barcelonas-flying-start-974450.html |access-date=26 November 2008 |location=London |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202152145/http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/european/etoo-treble-maintains-barcelonas-flying-start-974450.html |archive-date=2 December 2008}}</ref> Mechi mbili tu baadaye, mnamo tarehe 8 Novemba 2008, Eto'o alifunga mabao manne katika kipindi cha kwanza kwenye mchezo wa Barcelona dhidi ya [[Real Valladolid]], ambayo ilimalizika kwa ushindi wa 6–0. Mnamo tarehe 29 Novemba 2008, alifunga bao lake la 111 akiwa na Barcelona katika mashindano yote kwenye ushindi wa ugenini wa 3–0 dhidi ya [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]], hatua ambayo ilimfanya kuingia katika orodha ya wachezaji kumi bora ya wafungaji wa muda wote wa klabu hiyo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Eto'o is one of Barça's top ten all-time goalscorers |publisher=fcbarcelona.cat |date=30 November 2008 |url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada08-09/11/n081130106317.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730111545/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada08-09/11/n081130106317.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2012 |access-date=1 December 2008 }}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 14 Februari 2009, alifunga bao lake la 99 na la 100 katika mechi za ligi akiwa na Barcelona kwenye sare ya 2–2 dhidi ya [[Real Betis]]. Eto'o alifunga bao lake la 30 kwa msimu wa 2008–09 katika mechi ya La Liga dhidi ya Real Valladolid. Mechi hiyo ilimalizika kwa ushindi wa 1–0, ambao ulihakikisha Barcelona inabaki na tofauti ya pointi sita dhidi ya Real Madrid katika ligi. Pia alifunga dhidi ya [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] katika mechi ambayo iliwaweka Barcelona hatua moja karibu na kutwaa taji la La Liga 2008–09. Alimaliza msimu akiwa na mabao 30, akishika nafasi ya pili katika orodha ya wafungaji bora nyuma ya mchezaji wa Atlético de Madrid, [[Diego Forlán]]. Eto'o alifunga bao la kwanza kwenye mchezo wa fainali ya UEFA yam waka 2009 dhidi ya [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]. Barcelona walishinda fainali hiyo kwa magoli 2–0, hivyo kukamilisha Treble. Utatu uliowajumuisha [[Lionel Messi]] (mabao 38), Eto'o (mabao 36), na [[Thierry Henry]] (mabao 26) walifunga mabao 100 kwa pamoja katika mwaka wa kihistoria wa klabu hiyo.<ref>[http://blogs.soccernet.com/barcelona/archives/2012/05/lionel_messis_golden_boot_mean.php "Lionel Messi Excelled In The Least Successful Barcelona Under Guardiola"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160826/http://blogs.soccernet.com/barcelona/archives/2012/05/lionel_messis_golden_boot_mean.php |date=26 August 2014 }}. ESPN. Retrieved 24 August 2014</ref> ===Inter Milan=== ====2009–10: Kampeni ya kihistoria ya Treble==== [[File:Samuel Eto'o - Inter Mailand (1).jpg|thumb|upright|left|Eto’o akichezea [[Inter Milan]] mnamo Agosti 2009]] Baada ya Maxwell kukamilisha uhamisho kutoka Inter Milan, Joan Laporta alithibitisha kwamba kulikuwa na makubaliano ya pande mbili kati ya Barcelona na Inter Milan ya uhamisho wa [[Zlatan Ibrahimovic]] kujiunga na klabu hiyo kwa kubadilishana na Eto'o pamoja na Euro milioni 46.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090717105959.html|title=Laporta announces agreement in principle with Inter|date=17 July 2009|access-date=23 July 2009|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526092345/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090717105959.html|archive-date=26 May 2012|accessdate=2024-11-25|archivedate=2012-05-26|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120526092345/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090717105959.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/castellano/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090727107758.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110706220728/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/castellano/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090727107758.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 July 2011|title=Ibrahimovic firma por cinco años|date=27 July 2009|access-date=27 July 2009|publisher=FC Barcelona|language=es}}</ref> Baada ya Ibrahimović kukubaliana masharti na Barcelona, klabu ilitangaza kwamba Eto'o angeenda [[Milan]] kwa ajili ya uchunguzi wa afya kukamilisha uhamisho.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090724107725.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526092347/http://www.fcbarcelona.cat/web/english/noticies/futbol/temporada09-10/07/n090724107725.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 May 2012|title=Ibrahimovic will arrive on Sunday|date=24 July 2009|access-date=25 July 2009|publisher=FC Barcelona}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kamerun]] 7840ugmqe04757u69n35oqho2o2tj7z 0 104811 1613803 1518676 2026-11-05T15:36:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ziwa | jina = Ziwa la Viktoria Nyanza | picha = Lake_Victoria.png | maelezo_ya_picha = Ziwa Viktoria Nyanza jinsi inavyoonekana kutoka [[anga|angani]] | mahali = [[Afrika ya Mashariki]] | nchi = [[Tanzania]], [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]] | eneo = 68,100 km² | kina = 81 m | mito inayoingia = [[Kagera (mto)|Kagera]], [[Katonga]], [[Nzoia]] | mito inayotoka = [[Nile]] | kimo = 1,134 m | miji = [[Kampala]], [[Kisumu]], [[Mwanza]] }} '''MV ''Nyerere''''' ni [[jina]] la [[kivuko]] kilichokuwa kinafanya kazi zake katika [[Ziwa Viktoria]] nchini [[Tanzania]] ambapo [[tarehe]] [[20 Septemba]] [[2018]] kilizama kikiwa kati ya [[visiwa]] vya [[Ukerewe]] na [[Kisiwa cha Ukara|Ukara]].<ref name="Beeb">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45594513|title=Dozens drown in Lake Victoria capsizing|date=20 September 2018|publisher=BBC News|access-date=20 September 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="RTÉ">{{cite web|url=https://www.rte.ie/news/2018/0920/995083-tanzania-ferry-capsize/|title=Over 200 feared dead as ferry capsizes in Tanzania|publisher=RTÉ|date=20 September 2018|access-date=21 September 2018}}</ref> == Kivuko == MV Nyerere ilikuwa [[feri]] ndogo iliyotengenezwa mnamo [[mwaka]] [[2004]]. Ilipangiwa kubeba [[tani]] 25 ya mizigo. Iliweza kusafirisha [[magari]] madogo matatu kama sehemu ya [[mzigo]] wake na [[abiria]] 100<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201809220055.html Tanzania: Dar Plunges Into Mourning, MV Nyerere Death Toll], tovuti ya allafrica.com ya 22 Septemba 2018, iliangaliwa 24-09-2018</ref>. Ilihudumia [[mawasiliano]] kati ya kisiwa kikuu cha Ukerewe na kisiwa kidogo cha Ukara. [[Wamiliki]] wa feri walikuwa [[Mamlaka ya Huduma za Umeme, Makanika na Elektroniki]] (TEMESA).<ref name="IrTimes"/> [[Shirika]] hilo lilikanusha kuwa kivuko cha MV Nyerere kilikuwa na matatizo ya kiufundi, na kuongeza kuwa kivuko hicho kilifanyiwa matengenezo makubwa [[Mwezi (wakati)|mwezi]] uliopita ikiwa ni pamoja na matengenezo ya [[injini]] [[mbili]] za kivuko hicho. == Tukio la ajali== Kivuko cha MV Nyerere kilikuwa kikifanya [[safari]] zake kutoka [[Bugorora]] kwenda [[Kisiwa cha Ukara|Ukara]] mnamo 20 Septemba 2018 kikiwa na abiria wanaokadiriwa kuwa 400 ndani ya chombo hicho; zaidi ya abiria hao inadaiwa kulikuwa na mizigo ya [[mahindi]], [[ndizi]] na [[simenti]] (saruji).<ref name="Beeb"/><ref name="Guardian"/> Inaaminika kuwa kivuko kilibeba zaidi ya abiria 400 wakati kilipokuwa kikizama pamoja na mizigo iliyopelekwa kwenda [[gulio|gulioni]] siku ile. Kwa hiyo [[idadi]] ya abiria ilikuwa takribani mara [[nne]] zaidi ya uwezo wa juu kabisa wa kivuko hicho.<ref name="IrTimes">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/africa/at-least-136-bodies-recovered-after-ferry-capsizes-in-tanzania-1.3636316|title=At least 136 bodies recovered after ferry capsizes in Tanzania|publisher=The Irish Times|date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Beeb"/> Idadi kamili ya abiria waliokuwa wakisafiri kupitia kivuko hicho haijulikani kutokana na kupotea kwa [[kifaa]] cha kuhesabia watu wakati wa tukio la [[ajali]] hiyo.<ref name="Guardian2">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/21/tanzanias-president-orders-arrests-as-ferry-death-toll-climbs|title=Tanzania's president orders arrests as ferry death toll climbs|author=Burke, Jason|publisher=The Guardian|date=21 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="RTÉ"/> Hadi [[siku]] [[tatu]] baada ya ajali [[serikali]] ya Tanzania ilitangaza kuwa watu zaidi ya 224 walipatikana wakiwa wamefariki [[dunia]] katika kivuko hicho ambapo idadi ya vifo ilihofiwa kufikia 300.<ref name="Times Live">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-09-23-tanzania-buries-ferry-disaster-dead-as-toll-hits-224/|title=Tanzania buries ferry disaster dead as toll hits 224|publisher=Times Live|date=23 September 2018|accessdate=2018-09-23|archivedate=2018-12-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014841/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-09-23-tanzania-buries-ferry-disaster-dead-as-toll-hits-224/}}</ref> Kivuko hicho kilianza kuzama [[umbali]] wa [[mita]] chache kabla ya kufika katika kituo kilipotakiwa kumaliza safari yake katika kisiwa cha [[Ukerewe]].<ref name="RTÉ"/> Mashuhuda wa tukio hilo walieleza kuwa kiliegama upande mmoja na kupindukia ndani ya maji.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20180920-tanzania-ferry-capsize-lake-victoria-dozens-drowned|title=Ferry capsizes on Tanzania’s Lake Victoria, killing dozens|date=20 September 2018|work=France 24|access-date=20 September 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> [[afisa|Maafisa]] wa Tanzania hawana uhakika bado na idadi kamili ya abiria waliokuwemo ndani ya chombo hicho kutokana na mhusika wa kugawa na kutunza [[tiketi]] za kusafiria katika chombo hicho kuzama, na pia [[mashine]] ya kurekodi idadi ya abiria kupotea katika purukushani hiyo.<ref name="Guardian">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/20/people-feared-drowned-in-tanzania-ferry-disaster|title=More than 200 feared drowned in Tanzania ferry disaster|last=Staff and agencies|date=20 September 2018|website=The Guardian|language=en|access-date=20 September 2018}}</ref><ref name="Guardian2"/> Taarifa kinzani zilitoa makadirio kivuko hicho kilikuwa kikibeba watu zaidi ya 300, <ref name=":0" /> wakati taarifa nyingine zikisema kivuko kilibeba watu zaidi ya 400.<ref name="Beeb"/> [[Polisi]] na Serikali walithibitisha kuokolewa kwa watu41 baada ya tukio hilo, amabapo zoezi la [[uokoaji]] liliahirishwa mpaka kesho yake.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tanzania ferry capsize: Dozens killed as rescue effort suspended |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/09/tanzania-ferry-capsize-dozens-killed-rescue-effort-180920180816674.html |accessdate=21 September 2018 |work=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> Siku iliyofuata, wakati wa mkutano na [[vyombo vya habari]] kuhusu ajali hiyo, [[Rais wa Tanzania]] [[John Magufuli]] alitangaza idadi ya vifo ilikuwa 131, na wengine 40 waliweza kuokolewa na kupelekwa [[ufukwe|ufukweni]] salama.<ref name="Beeb2.0">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-45599042|title=Lake Victoria Tanzania ferry disaster: Divers hunt for survivors|publisher=BBC|date=21 September 2018}}</ref> Kama sehemu ya zoezi la uokoaji, polisi kwa kushirikiana na [[jeshi la wanamaji]] walipelekwa eneo la tukio ili kutafuta watu ambao bado walikuwa hawajapatikana.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tanzania-accident/death-toll-reaches-136-in-tanzania-ferry-disaster-scores-feared-missing-idUSKCN1M02BR|title=Death toll reaches 136 in Tanzania ferry disaster with scores missing|publisher=Reuters|date=21 September 2018}}</ref> Hata hivyo, kutokana na kuwepo kwa idadi ya abiria ambao bado walikuwa hawajatambuliwa walipo, idadi ya vifo ilihofiwa kufikia zaidi ya 200.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-45599042|title=Lake Victoria, Tanzania ferry disaster death toll doubles|publisher=BBC News| date=21 September 2018| accessdate=21 September 2018}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe [[23 Septemba]] 2018 (siku tatu baada ya tukio la ajali kutokea) rais [[John Magufuli]] alitangaza tena kuwa idadi ya vifo ilikuwa imefikia 224, na alisisitiza uamuzi wake wa awali wa kukamatwa kwa [[menejimenti]] iliyohusika na tukio hilo ikiwa ni pamoja na kukamatwa kwa [[nahodha]] wa chombo hicho.<ref name="Times Live">{{cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-09-23-tanzania-buries-ferry-disaster-dead-as-toll-hits-224/|title=Tanzania buries ferry disaster dead as toll hits 224|publisher=Times Live|date=23 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225014841/https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2018-09-23-tanzania-buries-ferry-disaster-dead-as-toll-hits-224/|archivedate=2018-12-25|accessdate=2018-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Mwitikio wa jamii== Magufuli alielezea kusikitishwa kwake na hivyo kutangaza siku 4 za [[maombolezo]] ya Kitaifa kufuatia ajali hiyo mbaya ya kupinduka kwa kivuko hicho.<ref>{{cite news |title=Magufuli orders arrest of MV Nyerere operator |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Magufuli-orders-arrest-of-MV-Nyerere-operator/1066-4771578-2ym9do/index.html |accessdate=21 September 2018 |work=Daily Nation |language=en-UK}}</ref> Pia aliamuru kukamatwa kwa menejimenti iliyohusika na kivuko hicho akiwatuhumu kwa [[uzembe]] wa kuzidisha mizigo katika chombo hicho ikilinganishwa na uwezo wa chombo chenyewe ambapo ilielezwa kuwa chombo kilikuwa na uwezo wa kubeba abiria 101.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kolumbia |first1=Louis |title=Magufuli: The person steering MV Nyerere ferry was un-trained |url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Magufuli--The-person-steering-MV-Nyerere-ferry-was-un-trained/1840340-4771588-lu1jntz/index.html |accessdate=21 September 2018 |work=The Citizen |date=21 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Guardian2"/> [[Mwanasiasa]] wa upande wa upinzani [[John Mnyika]], wa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo ([[Chadema]]), aliituhumu serikali kwa kushindwa kuhakikisha [[ubora]] wa vyombo vya majini na kusuasua kwa zoezi la uokoaji.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Burke |first1=Jason |title=Tanzania ferry disaster: 136 bodies pulled from Lake Victoria |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/20/people-feared-drowned-in-tanzania-ferry-disaster |accessdate=21 September 2018 |work=the Guardian |date=21 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Buguzi |first1=Syriacus |title=Plea of lawmaker who predicted MV Nyerere tragedy |url=http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Plea-of-lawmaker-who-predicted-MV-Nyerere-tragedy/1840340-4770936-adium8/index.html |accessdate=21 September 2018 |work=The Citizen |date=21 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af16.html Watersheds of Africa: A10 Nile | Lake Viktoria ] {{Wayback|url=http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/html/af16.html |date=20070927212902 }} {{mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wilaya ya Ukerewe]] [[Jamii:Ziwa Viktoria| ]] k9xt61c810vdyln4jnnvdsg663giavw 0 114773 1613858 1425749 2026-11-05T17:14:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613858 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vitral em Igreja Santa Efigenia.jpg|thumb|250px|Moyo wa Yesu katikati ya [[kioo cha rangi]], [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]].]] {{Yesu Kristo}} '''Moyo Mtakatifu wa Yesu''' ni [[ibada]] iliyoenea sana, hasa katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]], ikielekea [[moyo]] wa [[Yesu Kristo]] hasa kama [[ishara]] ya [[upendo]] wake kwa [[binadamu]]<ref name="150th St. John Vianey">{{cite web | url = https://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/homilies/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20090619_anno-sac.html | title = Opening for the Year of Priest on the 150th Anniversary of John Mary Vianney | date = Jun 19, 2009 | website = vatican.va | language = en | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171224003922/https://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/homilies/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_hom_20090619_anno-sac.html | archive-date = December 24, 2017 | url-status = live}}</ref>. Ibada hiyo inazingatia mateso ya kiroho na ya kimwili ambayo yamethibitisha upendo huo. [[Sherehe]] yake huadhimishwa [[Ijumaa]] inayofuata [[Jumapili]] ya pili baada ya [[Pentekoste]], kati ya [[tarehe]] [[29 Mei]] na [[2 Julai]]<ref name="roman Catholics.com">{{cite web | url = https://www.romancatholicman.com/solemnity-sacred-heart-jesus-2 | title = Solemnity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829013556/https://www.romancatholicman.com/solemnity-sacred-heart-jesus-2 | archive-date = August 29, 2018 | url-status = live | accessdate = 2020-06-18 | archivedate = 2018-08-29 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180829013556/https://www.romancatholicman.com/solemnity-sacred-heart-jesus-2 }}</ref>. ==Historia== Jinsi ilivyo kwa sasa imetokana hasa na [[njozi]] ambazo [[mmonaki]] [[bikira]] wa [[Ufaransa]] [[Margareta Maria Alacoque]] alisema amezipata katika miaka [[1673]] - [[1675]],<ref>Jean Ladame, ''Marguerite–Marie, La sainte de Paray'', Éditions Resiac, 1994 ISBN 2-85268-118-8</ref> Kabla yake katika [[Karne za Kati]] watakatifu mbalimbali walipata njozi za namna hiyo, hasa [[Gertrude Mkuu]]. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Maurice Soseleje, Kalendari yetu – Maisha ya Watakatifu – Toleo la pili – ed. Benedictine Publications Ndanda Peramiho – Peramiho 1986 – ISBN 9976-63-112-X, uk. 50 ==Marejeo ya lugha nyingine== * Chasle, Louis; ''Sister Mary of the Divine Heart, Droste zu Vischering, religious of the Good Shepherd, 1863–1899''. Burns & Oates, London, 1906. ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ}} * http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07163a.htm * {{cite web | url = https://queenoftheholyrosaryofpompeii.blogspot.com/2017/03/efficacious-novena-to-sacred-heart-of.html | title = Powerful Novena to the Sacred Heart of Jesus Christ God | language = en, zh | website = queenoftheholyrosaryofpompeii.blogspot | archive-url = https://archive.today/20181009124014/https://queenoftheholyrosaryofpompeii.blogspot.com/2017/03/efficacious-novena-to-sacred-heart-of.html | archive-date = October 9, 2018 | url-status = dead | access-date = October 9, 2018 | accessdate = 2020-06-18 | archivedate = 2018-10-09 | archiveurl = https://archive.today/20181009124014/https://queenoftheholyrosaryofpompeii.blogspot.com/2017/03/efficacious-novena-to-sacred-heart-of.html }} * [http://www.carmelites.net/sacredheartchaplet/ Sacred Heart Chaplet from the Order of Carmelites] {{Wayback|url=http://www.carmelites.net/sacredheartchaplet/ |date=20200625220446 }} * [https://books.google.com/books?id=XIcEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR1&dq=1863+croiset John Croiset. ''Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717225838/http://sacredheart.vndv.com/sacred2.htm The Life of Saint Margaret Mary in her own words]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110111232943/http://www.apostleshipofprayer.org/reflections/SHtherese.pdf St. Therese of Lisieux and the Sacred Heart of Jesus]. * [https://archive.org/stream/vitismysticaort00bonagoog#page/n8/mode/2up ''Vitis Mystica'', tr. Brownlow, W.R.Bernard. London, R.Washbourne, 1873] * [http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Altars/SacredHeart/SacredHeart.htm Sacred Heart Altar in St Peter's Basilica] {{mbegu-Ukristo}} [[Jamii:Yesu Kristo]] [[Jamii:Sikukuu za Ukristo]] pdcxmoxql72ihbiwpnxhlinnr78ps5r 0 118848 1613954 1595566 2026-11-05T19:08:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coghetti_F._(1868),_Martirio_dei_Santi_Fermo_e_Rustico.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''Rustiko wa Lambesa''' (alifariki [[259]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa katika [[mji]] huo (leo nchini [[Algeria]]) wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Valerian]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[9 Agosti]], pengine pamoja na [[Fermo wa Karthago]], aliyefariki miaka 9 ya nyuma <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65650</ref><ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-firmus-and-rusticus/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''] 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 |title=Pignot, Matthieu. "Cult of Saints, E03246", University of Oxford |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413181316/http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 |archivedate=2026-04-13 |accessdate=2026-09-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 259]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Algeria]] jlqr1zjdg4gvl8ho0h57j5pj0w1xluk 1614088 1613954 2026-11-05T23:07:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614088 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Coghetti_F._(1868),_Martirio_dei_Santi_Fermo_e_Rustico.jpg|thumb|Kifodini chake.]] '''Rustiko wa Lambesa''' (alifariki [[259]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] aliyeuawa katika [[mji]] huo (leo nchini [[Algeria]]) wakati wa [[dhuluma]] ya [[kaisari]] [[Valerian]]. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] na [[Waorthodoksi]] kama [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[9 Agosti]], pengine pamoja na [[Fermo wa Karthago]], aliyefariki miaka 9 ya nyuma <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65650</ref><ref>[https://catholicsaints.info/book-of-saints-firmus-and-rusticus/ Monks of Ramsgate. "Firmus and Rusticus". ''Book of Saints''] 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 August 2016</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 |title=Pignot, Matthieu. "Cult of Saints, E03246", University of Oxford |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260413181316/http://csla.history.ox.ac.uk/record.php?recid=E03246 |archivedate=2026-04-13 |accessdate=2026-09-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 259]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Algeria]] iwuwqbkwm0mioq1qh38e0jl4gvcp7za 0 119230 1613882 1428365 2026-11-05T17:50:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Negev-2005-1.JPG|250px|thumb|Jangwa la Negev.]] [[Picha:Beersheba Israel Map.png|right|thumb|250x250px|Ramani ya Negev katika Israeli.]] '''Negev''' ni eneo la [[kusini]] mwa [[Israeli]]. Ni [[jangwa]] ambalo linafunika karibu 60[[%]] ya ardhi yote ya Israeli katika mipaka yake ya [[mwaka]] [[1949]], takriban [[kilomita za mraba]] 13,000. Ni sehemu kubwa ya Mkoa wa Kusini wa Israeli. Asilimia 10 za wakazi wote wa Israeli wanaishi huko. ==Jiografia== Negev inapakana na [[Misri]] na [[Ukanda wa Gaza]] upande wa [[magharibi]], [[Bonde la Arabah]] halafu [[Yordani]] upande wa [[mashariki]], na upande wa [[kaskazini]] mpaka wake ni takriban mstari baina ya [[Gaza|mji wa Gaza]] na [[Ein Gedi]] karibu na [[Bahari ya Chumvi|Bahari]] ya [[Bahari ya Chumvi|Chumvi]]. Sehemu za kaskazini na magharibi za Negev ni [[tambarare]]. Katika kusini kuna [[milima]], [[Bonde|mabonde]] na [[kasoko]] mbalimbali. Kasoko iliyo kubwa ni Machtesch Ramon. Wakati wa [[mvua]] katika miezi ya [[baridi]] na ya [[masika]], mabonde makavu hujaa [[maji]] kwa ghafla na jangwa linafunikwa na [[maua]] kwa muda mfupi. Mlima mkubwa zaidi ni Har Ramon wenye [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 1035. ==Tabianchi== [[Picha:Klimadiagramm-metrisch-deutsch-Beersheba-Israel.png|250px|thumb|Jedwali la tabianchi ya Beer Sheva, Negev.]] [[Ukavu]] kwenye Negev na hivyo tabia ya kijangwa inaongezeka jinsi unavyoelekea kusini. Kaskazini mwa Negev, mvua ya kila mwaka bado ni [[milimita]] 350-400. Kiasi hicho cha mvua kinaruhusu uwepo wa [[misitu]] iliyopandwa. Kiasi cha mvua huko [[Be'er Sheva]] tayari ni mm 200 kwa mwaka pekee. [[Eilat]] kwenye kusini hupokea pekee mm 30 kila mwaka.<ref name="weathermsn">{{cite web |url=http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:ISXX0030 |title=Beersheba, ISR Weather |work=MSN |accessdate=2008-01-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117074301/http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:ISXX0030 |archivedate=2007-11-17 |https://web.archive.org/web/20071117074301/http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:ISXX0030 |=https://web.archive.org/web/20071117074301/http://weather.msn.com/local.aspx?wealocations=wc:ISXX0030 }}</ref> ==Miji== [[Mji]] mkubwa katika Negev ni [[Be'er Sheva]] ambao ni pia [[makao makuu]] ya mkoa wa kusini ukiwa na wakazi 190,000. Kusini kabisa kuna mji wa [[Eilat]] ambayo ni [[bandari]] kuu ya nchi kwenye [[Bahari ya Shamu]]. Upande wa kusini mashariki mwa Be'er Sheva uko mji wa [[Dimona]] penye [[kituo cha nyuklia]]. ==Wakazi== Mnamo mwaka [[2010]] Negev ilikuwa na wakazi 630,000 (sawa na [[asilimia]] 8.2 za wakazi wa Israeli). [[Watu]] 470,000 wa Negev (asilimia 75) ni [[Wayahudi]], na 160,000 (asiliia 25) ni [[Mabedui]] [[Waarabu]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3420595,00.html |title=A Bedouin welcome - Israel Travel, Ynetnews |publisher=Ynetnews.com |date=1995-06-20 |accessdate=2011-10-09 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629094356/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3420595,00.html |archivedate=2011-06-29 }}</ref>. [[Nusu]] ya Mabedui huishi mjini, nusu nyingine bado wana uhusiano na [[maisha]] yao ya kimila ya [[ufugaji]] wakikalia [[vijiji]] visivyotambuliwa na [[serikali]]. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Tovuti nyingine == * [http://www.boker.org.il/english/ Jalada la Sde Boker la nakala kwenye Negev] {{Wayback|url=http://www.boker.org.il/english/ |date=20180628060440 }} * [http://www.netonegev.co.il Tovuti ya Habari ya Negev ya Israeli] {{Wayback|url=http://www.netonegev.co.il/ |date=20180812071258 }} * [http://www.mapisrael.info/negev Picha za Negev] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mapisrael.info/negev |date=20120717043824 }} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Israeli]] mcu6y0dkk928iwb71j39qexsdf5sp2s 0 120472 1613928 1427762 2026-11-05T18:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Qasem_Soleimani_with_Zolfaghar_Order.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Soleimani mnamo 2019.]] '''Qasem Soleimani''' (kwa [[Kiajemi]]: قاسم سلیمانی &#x200E;, [[11 Machi]] [[1957]] - [[3 Januari]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[Meja Jenerali|meja jenerali]] wa [[Uajemi|Iran]] katika [[Walinzi wa Mapinduzi ya Kiislam|Kikosi cha Kiislamu cha Walinzi wa Mapinduzi]] (IRGC). Kuanzia [[mwaka]] [[1998]] hadi [[kifo]] chake mwaka 2020, alikuwa [[kamanda]] wa Kikosi cha Quds katika IRGC. ==Maisha== Alizaliwa 1957 [[Qanat-e Malek]], [[mkoa wa Kerman]], [[baba]] yake alikuwa [[mkulima]]. Alisoma [[shule]] ya [[sekondari]]. Baada ya kipindi cha kufanya kazi ya [[ujenzi]] wa [[nyumba]] aliajiriwa na idara ya maji mjini [[Kerman]]. Mwaka 1979, baada ya [[mapinduzi]] ya Kiislamu nchini Iran alijiunga na [[wanamgambo]] [[Waislamu]] waliokuwa watangulizi wa IGRC. Mwaka 1980, wakati Iran iliposhambuliwa na [[Iraq|Irak]] chini ya [[Saddam Hussein]], Soleimani alikuwa [[mwanajeshi]] katika IGRC akaendelea haraka kusimamia [[Divisheni (jeshi)|divisheni]] na kufikia [[cheo]] cha [[luteni jenerali]]<ref name="thedailybeast">{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/02/iran-s-top-spy-is-the-modern-day-karla-john-le-carr-s-villainous-mastermind.html|title=Iran's Top Spy Is the Modern-Day Karla, John Le Carré's Villainous Mastermind|first=Michael|last=Weiss|date=2 July 2014|work=The Daily Beast|accessdate=14 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621192945/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/07/02/iran-s-top-spy-is-the-modern-day-karla-john-le-carr-s-villainous-mastermind.html|archive-date=21 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="almonitor-eingma">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/the-enigma-behind-qassem-suleimani.html#ixzz434m8vciD|title=The enigma of Qasem Soleimani and his role in Iraq|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Al Monitor|accessdate=14 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505161719/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/10/the-enigma-behind-qassem-suleimani.html#ixzz434m8vciD|archive-date=5 May 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>. Baada ya vita aliendelea kuhudumia akiwa [[kamanda]] wa IGRC katika mkoa wa Kerman alipoongoza mapambano dhidi ya [[magendo]] ya [[madawa ya kulevya]]. Mwaka [[1999]], wakati wa [[maandamano]] ya [[wanafunzi]] wa [[vyuo]] vya Iran waliodai [[demokrasia]], alitia [[sahihi]] kwenye [[barua]] ya viongozi wa IGRC iliyotaka [[serikali]] kuchukua hatua dhidi ya wanafunzi na kudokeza vinginevyo IGRC ingeingilia kati.<ref>[https://iranian.com/News/1999/July/irgc.html?site=archive Letter of 24 Senior Commanders of the Holy Defense to the President of the Republic] July 27, 1999,Translated by George Maschke</ref> Tangu kuteuliwa mkuu wa kikosi cha Quds, Suleimani alizunguka katika nchi jirani alipojenga uhusiano wa karibu na [[mgambo|wanamgambo]] walioshiriki na Iran, hasa Washia na maadui wa [[Marekani]]. Wakati ule hakujulikana sana kitaifa na kimataifa isipokuwa kati ya wataalamu wa habari za kijeshi. Mwaka 2001, baada ya mashambulio ya [[Al-Qaeda]] dhidi Marekani, wakati ambako [[Taliban|Wataliban]] wa [[Afghanistan]] waliamua kumficha na kumlinda [[Osama bin Laden]] na kundi lake, Iran ilishirikiana na Marekani kushambulia Wataliban. Soleimani aliongoza timu ya Wairani waliowasiliana na Marekani. Ushirikiano huu ulikwisha baada ya hotuba ya [[rais]] [[George W. Bush]] iliyotaja Iran kuwa sehemu ya "axis of evil".<ref>[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/09/30/the-shadow-commander The Shadow Commander] Dexter Filkins, tovuti ya The New Yorker, September 23, 2013</ref> Suleimani alijitahidi hasa kuimarisha uhusiano na [[Hisbollah]] wa [[Lebanoni]], wanamgambo [[Washia]] waliowahi kuanzishwa na IGCR. Wakati wa vita ya [[Israeli|Israeli]] dhidi ya Hisbollah mnamo 2006 alikuwepo Lebanoni na kushauri Hisbollah. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2019/oct/14/soleimani-mastermind-iran%E2%80%99s-expansion|title=Soleimani: Mastermind of Iran's Expansion|website=The Iran Primer|date=14 October 2019|accessdate=2020-01-05|archive-date=2020-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304180223/https://iranprimer.usip.org/blog/2019/oct/14/soleimani-mastermind-iran%E2%80%99s-expansion|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya uvamizi wa Iraq na Marekani mnamo mwaka 2003 Soleimani aliwasiliana na vikundi vingi akilenga kwanza kuunganisha makundi ya Washia, halafu pia kujenga ushirikiano na makundi ya [[Wakurdi]] na [[Wasunni|Wasunni Warabu]] dhidi ya Wamarekani na pia dhidi ya Wasunni wenye itikadi kali walioshikamana na Al-Qaeda ambao wanatazama Washia kama wazushi wa dini wanaostahili kuuawa. Soleimani alihusika kukusanya na kufundisha wanamgambo Washia na kuwapatia silaha, kama Kata'ib Hezbollah walioshambulia Wamarekani kuanzia mwaka 2006.<ref>[hhttps://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2013/03/soleimani-iraq-syria-difference.html Iran's Man in Iraq and Syria], Mushreq Abbas katika tovuti ya al-monitor.com, 12 Machi 2013</ref> Mwaka 2011 Soleimani alipandishwa cheo na kuwa [[meja jenerali]] <ref name="alfonehmar11">{{cite journal|last=Alfoneh|first=Ali|date=March 2011|title=Iran's Secret Network: Major General Qassem Suleimani's Inner Circle|url=http://www.aei.org/files/2011/03/03/MEO-2011-03-No-2-g.pdf|journal=Middle Eastern Outlook|volume=2|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724182439/http://www.aei.org/files/2011/03/03/MEO-2011-03-No-2-g.pdf|archivedate=24 July 2012|accessdate=18 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Alianza kuwa mashuhuri tangu kuripotiwa katika media ya Iran kuanzia mwaka 2012. Wakati ule alianza kushauri serikali ya Syria dhidi ya wapinzani wake katika [[vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe]]. Alituma vikosi vya IGRC Syria waliopambana na wapinzani wa serikali. Katika mapambano ya kuvamia mji wa [[Aleppo]], Soleimani alikuwa kamanda aliyesimamia vikosi vya jeshi ya Syria pamoja na Hisbollah wa Lebanoni, vikosi vya IGRC kutoka Iran na wanamgambo kutoka Iraq dhidi ya watetezi wa Aleppo. Wakati wa uenezi wa [[DAESH|Daesh]] aliongoza pia mapambano dhidi yao nchini Iraki mnamo 2014–15. Mashambulio yake dhidi ya jeshi la Marekani yalisababisha kutangazwa kwake kama adui na gaidi na serikali ya Marekani. Mwaka 2020 aliuawa na [[bomu]] la Marekani alipowasili [[Baghdad]] kwa [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]]. ==Sifa na ukosoaji== Kwa uongozi wa kisiasa, Soleimani alikuwa chombo muhimu cha kueneza athira ya Iran katika Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa kuingilia na kuokoa serikali ya Assad pale Syria, aliunganisha Lebanoni na Hisbollah yake (rafiki wa Iran tangu miaka mingi) na Irak, nchi nyingine ta Washia wengi. Hivyo aliwezesha usafirishaji wa silaha kwenda Hisbollah inayotumiwa kama tishio dhidi ya Israeli, adui mkuu katika itikadi ya watawala wa Iran. Kwa raia wengi wa Iran Soleimani alikuwa askari safi asiyehusika na ufisadi na aliyeshinda tishio la Daesh (ISIS) iliyoua Washia wengi<ref name="Gallagher-Mohseni">{{citation|last1=Gallagher|first1=Nancy|title=Iranian Public Opinion under "Maximum Pressure", A public opinion study|date=October 2019|url=https://cissm.umd.edu/sites/default/files/2019-10/Iranian%20PO%20under%20Maximum%20Pressure_101619_full.pdf|work=The Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM)|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103020148/https://cissm.umd.edu/sites/default/files/2019-10/Iranian%20PO%20under%20Maximum%20Pressure_101619_full.pdf|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=3 January 2020|last2=Mohseni|first2=Ebrahim|last3=Ramsay|first3=Clay|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Wasyria wengi wanaopinga serikali walimwona Soleimani kama mhusika mkubwa katika mapigano ambako vikosi vilivyokuwa chini ya mamlaka yake viliua makumi elfu, kufukuza lakhi za watu kutoka nyumba zao na kuokoa utawala wa rais Assad. Nchini Irak wanamgambo waliokuwa chini ya Soleimani walitumiwa kukandamiza maandamano dhidi ya ufisadi katika serikali kwenye Novemba 2019. Huko [[Yemen]] alihusika katika usaidizi wa Iran kwa [[Wahuti]] katika vita ya wenyewe kwa wenyewe. Hivyo habari za kuuawa kwake zilileta maandamano ya kuonyesha huzuni<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51004688 Soleimani: Huge crowds pack Tehran for commander's funeral]. tovuti ya BBC ya tar. 6 January 2020, iliangaliwa Januari 2020</ref>, lakini katika sehemu za [[Syria]] na [[Irak]] pia dalili za furaha<ref>[https://www.france24.com/en/20200103-fear-and-joy-streets-baghdad-after-soleimani-killing-iraq-iran-usa-quds-revolutionary-guards Fear and joy on the streets of Baghdad after Soleimani killing], tovuti ya france24.com ya tar. 3.1.2020, iliangaliwa Januari 2020</ref>. ==Tanbihi== <references/> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|2020}} [[jamii:Watu wa Uajemi]] i6ydvzc6fzde5ibp2d09hgejxqniylx 0 120789 1613958 1600927 2026-11-05T19:33:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 | Jina = Sam Smith | Img = Sam Smith Lollapalooza 2015-9 (cropped).jpg | Img_capt = Sam Smith, mnamo 2015 | Img_size = | Landscape = | Background = solo_singer | Jina la kuzaliwa = Samuel Frederick Smith | Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1992|5|19}} | Asili yake = | Kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], [[mwanamuziki]] | Ala = [[Sauti]] | Aina = [[Pop]], [[R&B]] | Aina ya sauti = | Miaka ya kazi = 2007-hadi leo | Studio = Capitol Records | Ameshirikiana na = | Tovuti = {{URL|samsmithworld.com}} }} '''Samuel Frederick Smith''' (au '''Sam Smith''' tu; amezaliwa [[London]], [[Uingereza]], [[19 Mei]] [[1992]]) ni [[mtaalamu]] wa [[muziki]], [[mtunzi]], mwanamuziki, mtayarishaji wa rekodi. ==Diskografia== ===Albamu=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:10em;"| Albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:16em;"| Maelezo ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:12em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Matunukio |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Uingereza<br/><ref name="UK">Peak positions in the United Kingdom: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21501/sam-smith/|title=Sam Smith full Official Chart History|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "God Only Knows": {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/45404/brian-wilson-and-various-artists/|title=Brian Wilson & Various Artists full Official Chart History|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/45551/band-aid-30/|title=Band Aid 30 full Official Chart History|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Latch (Acoustic)": {{cite web|url=http://zobbel.de/cluk/140906cluk.txt|title=Chart: CLUK Update 6.09.2014 (wk35)|publisher=Zobbel.de|author=Tobias Zywietz|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Together": {{cite web|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/131207cluk.txt|title=Chart: CLUK Update 7.12.2013 (wk48)|publisher=Zobbel.de|author=Tobias Zywietz|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Leave Your Lover" and "Make It to Me": {{cite web|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/140607cluk.txt |title=Chart: CLUK Update 7.06.2014 (wk22)|publisher=Zobbel.de|author=Tobias Zywietz|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Drowning Shadows": {{cite web|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/151114cluk.txt |title=Chart: CLUK Update 14.11.2015 (wk46)|publisher=Zobbel.de|author=Tobias Zywietz|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "How Will I Know": {{cite web|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/160716cluk.txt |title=CHART: CLUK Update 16.07.2016 (wk28)|publisher=Zobbel.de|author=Tobias Zywietz|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Australia<br/><ref name="AUS">Peak positions for Australia: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discography Sam Smith|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Money on My Mind": {{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20140517-0000/Issue1262.pdf|title=ARIA Report: Issue 1262 (Week Commencing 5 May 2014)|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|accessdate=30 May 2014|format=PDF|page=4}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Band+Aid+30&titel=Do+They+Know+It%27s+Christmas%3F+%282014%29&cat=s|title=Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas?|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Drowning Shadows": {{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20151118-0000/Issue1342.pdf|title=ARIA Report: Issue 1342 (Week Commencing 16 November 2015)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=18 November 2015|page=4|format=PDF}} * "Burning": {{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20171114-0001/Issue1446.pdf|title=ARIA Report: Issue 1446 (Week Commencing ~ 13 November 2017)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=1 May 2018|page=4|format=PDF}} * "One Last Song": {{cite web|url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20180130-0000/Issue1457.pdf|title=ARIA Report: Issue 1457 (Week Commencing ~ 29 January 2018)|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=1 May 2018|page=4|format=PDF}} * "Fire on Fire": {{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2019/1/aria-chart-watch-508/|title=ARIA Chart Watch #508|publisher=auspOp|date=19 January 2019|accessdate=19 January 2019|archivedate=2019-01-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119121455/https://www.auspop.com.au/2019/1/aria-chart-watch-508/}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Canada<br/><ref name="CANAlbums">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/sam-smith/chart-history/canadian-albums|title=Sam Smith – Chart History: Canadian Albums|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Denmark<br/><ref name="DEN">Peak positions in Denmark: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://danishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discography Sam Smith|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017|archivedate=2014-02-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202161627/http://danishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://danishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Band+Aid+30&titel=Do+They+Know+It%27s+Christmas%3F+%282014%29&cat=s|title=Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas?|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017|archivedate=2017-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921144756/http://www.danishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Band+Aid+30&titel=Do+They+Know+It%27s+Christmas%3F+%282014%29&cat=s}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Ujerumani<br/><ref name="GER">Peak positions in Germany: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche?artist_search=Sam+Smith&do_search=do|title=Discographie Sam Smith|publisher=[[GfK Entertainment Charts]]|accessdate=28 December 2018}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/titel-details-1356603|title=Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas?|publisher=GfK Entertainment Charts|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Ireland<br/><ref name="IRE">Peak positions in Germany: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discography Sam Smith|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910125539/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|archivedate=2017-09-10|url-status=dead}} * "God Only Knows": {{cite web|url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2014&year=2014&week=42|title=Chart Track: Week 42, 2014|publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]|accessdate=5 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005202428/http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2014&year=2014&week=42|archivedate=2017-10-05}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2014&year=2014&week=47|title=Chart Track: Week 47, 2014|publisher=Irish Recorded Music Association|accessdate=5 October 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006011719/http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Farchive%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001&arch=t&lyr=2014&year=2014&week=47|archivedate=2017-10-06}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Uholanzi<br/><ref name="NLD">Peak positions in the Netherlands: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discografie Sam Smith|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}} and {{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/top40-artiesten/sam-smith|title=Sam Smith Top 40-artiesten|publisher=Stichting Nederlandse Top 40|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Band+Aid+30&titel=Do+They+Know+It%27s+Christmas%3F+%282014%29&cat=s|title=Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas?|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| New Zealand<br/><ref name="NZ">Peak positions in New Zealand: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discography Sam Smith|publisher=New Zealand Charts Portal. Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Band+Aid+30&titel=Do+They+Know+It%27s+Christmas%3F+%282014%29&cat=ss|title=Band Aid 30 - Do They Know It's Christmas?|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Sweden<br/><ref name="SWE">{{cite web|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Sam+Smith|title=Discography Sam Smith|publisher=Hung Medien|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Marekani<br/><ref name="USAlbums">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/sam-smith/chart-history/billboard-200|title=Sam Smith – Chart History: Billboard 200|work=Billboard|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''In the Lonely Hour'' | * Ilitolewa: 26 Mei 2014 <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span><ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/in-the-lonely-hour/id792657450|title=In the Lonely Hour by Sam Smith|work=[[iTunes Store]]|accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref> * Label: Capitol Records | 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 17 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 2 | * Uingereza: 2,358,380<ref name=UKAlbumSale>{{cite web|url=https://www.musicweek.com/analysis/read/official-charts-analysis-sam-smith-debuts-at-no-1-just-short-of-100-000-sales/070455|title=Official Charts Analysis: Sam Smith debuts at No.1 just short of 100,000 sales|work=[[Music Week]]|author=Alan Jones|date=10 November 2017|accessdate=12 November 2017<!--Quote from the article: "In The Lonely Hour jumps 21-15 (6,821 sales) this week to achieve its highest chart position for nearly two years, and with cumulative sales of 2,358,380 it is the second biggest selling debut album of the 2010s"-->}}</ref> * Marekani: 4,400,000 <small>(AEU)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/magazine-feature/7989309/sam-smith-interview-billboard-2017|title=Sam Smith on His Recent Struggles, Triumphant Return and Having His Eyes Opened in Iraq|work=Billboard|author=Nick Duerden|date=6 October 2017|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> * Duniani: 12,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/sir-lucian-grainge-people-said-music-industry-didnt-listen/|title=Sir Lucian Grainge: ‘When people said the music industry was over, we didn’t listen.’|author=Tim Ingham|date=10 August 2017|accessdate=3 October 2017|publisher=MBW}}</ref> | * BPI: 8× Platinum<ref name="BPI">{{cite web|url=https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/|title=BRIT Certified - bpi|publisher=[[British Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=11 May 2019|format=To access, enter the search parameter "Sam Smith"|archive-date=2018-10-21|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181021092428/https://www.bpi.co.uk/brit-certified/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=album|certyear=2017|accessdate=4 September 2017}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{cite certification|region=Germany|artist=Sam Smith|type=album|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref> * SRIA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/artdata?dfom=20140101&sart=4111981|title=Sam Smith - In The Lonely Hour|publisher=[[Swedish Recording Industry Association]]|date=1 September 2014}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: 5× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/node/8176|title=Sam Smith - In The Lonely Hour|language=Danish|publisher=[[IFPI Denmark]]|accessdate=1 May 2019}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC">{{cite certification|region=Canada|type=album|artist=Sam Smith|accessdate=28 December 2018}}</ref> * NVPI: Platinum<ref name="NVPI">{{cite web|url=https://nvpi.nl/nvpi-audio/marktinformatie/goud-platina/|title=Goud/Platina — NVPI Audio|format=Type "Sam Smith" in the blank then click Search|accessdate=6 September 2018|publisher=[[NVPI]]|language=Dutch|archivedate=2018-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704212857/https://nvpi.nl/nvpi-audio/marktinformatie/goud-platina/}}</ref> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=album|artist=Sam Smith|accessdate=11 January 2015}}</ref> * RMNZ: 4× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| ''The Thrill of It All'' | * Ilitolewa: 3 Novemba 2017 <span style="font-size:85%;">(UK)</span><ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/the-thrill-of-it-all/id1289020054|title=The Thrill of It All by Sam Smith|work=[[iTunes Store]]|publisher=[[Apple Inc.|Apple]]|accessdate=6 October 2017}}</ref> * Labo: Capitol | 1 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 8 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * Uingereza: 661,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/the-official-top-40-biggest-albums-of-2018-so-far__22461/|title=The Official Top 40 biggest albums of 2018 so far|publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]|date=5 April 2018|accessdate=1 May 2018}}</ref> * Duniani: 1,400,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.org/downloads/GMR2018.pdf|title=Global Music Report 2018|publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]]|accessdate=7 January 2019|page=9|archivedate=2018-04-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424202534/http://www.ifpi.org/downloads/GMR2018.pdf}}</ref> | * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/charts/albums-chart|title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Albums|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|date=5 March 2018|accessdate=3 March 2018}}</ref> * GLF: Gold<ref name="swedcert"/> * IFPI DEN: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-thrill-it-all-0|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - The Thrill of It All|language=Danish|publisher=[[IFPI Denmark]]|accessdate=29 May 2018}}</ref> * MC: Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * NVPI: Platinum<ref name="NVPI"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum |} ===Nyimbo=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |- ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:17em;"| Nyimbo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:1em;"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:13em;"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Uingereza<br/><ref name="UK"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Australia<br/><ref name="AUS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Canada<br/><ref name="CANSingles">Peak chart positions for singles in Canada: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/sam-smith/chart-history/canadian-hot-100|title=Sam Smith – Chart History: Billboard Canadian Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/band-aid-30/chart-history/canadian-hot-100|title=Band Aid 30 – Chart History: Billboard Canadian Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Denmark<br/><ref name="DEN"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Ujerumani<br/><ref name="GER"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Ireland<br/><ref name="IRE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Uholanzi<br/><ref name="NLD"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| New Zealand<br /><ref name="NZ"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Sweden<br/><ref name="SWE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:85%;"| Marekani<br/><ref name="USSingles">Peak chart positions for singles in the United States: * For all except noted: {{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/sam-smith/chart-history/hot-100|title=Sam Smith – Chart History: Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=5 October 2017}} * "Do They Know It's Christmas?": {{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/band-aid-30/chart-history/hot-100|title=Band Aid 30 – Chart History: Hot 100|work=Billboard|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Bad Day All Week" | 2008 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="2" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row"| "When It's Alright" | 2009 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Lay Me Down" <!--STOP!: You cannot justify merging the best bits of 3 different release into one single! All 3 releases charted differently in different territories and have different certifications! Almost every territory classes all 3 versions as different releases into the discography of Sam Smith including Sam Smith himself, that is why he (or his production team) titled the re-releases "re-releases"!--> | 2013 | 46 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —<ref name="US-Bubbling-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/music/sam-smith/chart-history/bubbling-under-hot-100 |title=Sam Smith – Chart Results: Bubbling Under Hot 100 |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref> | | ''Nirvana'' <!--STOP!: Do not revert the album of this song to "In the Lonely Hour" as at the original release of "Lay Me Down", "In the Lonely Hour" did not exist! This is why "Lay Me Down" was released from the EP "Nirvana" as this was the album that Sam Smith was working on at the time!--> |- ! scope="row"| "Money on My Mind" | rowspan="5"| 2014 | 1 || 51 || — || 18 || 11 || 4 || 32 || 12 || 18 || — | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * GLF: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/artdata?dfom=20140101&sart=3881498|title=Sam Smith "Money on My Mind"|publisher=Swedish Recording Industry Association|accessdate=10 January 2015}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-money-my-mind-1|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Money on My Mind|language=Danish|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref> * NVPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="NVPI"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa.com">{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Sam Smith|accessdate=10 November 2017}}</ref> | rowspan="4"| ''In the Lonely Hour'' |- ! scope="row"| "Stay with Me" | 1 || 5 || 1 || 3 || 11 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 4 || 2 | * BPI: 3× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 10× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2019">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSinglesAccreds2019.htm|title=ARIA Charts - Accreditations - 2019 Singles|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=12 November 2019}}</ref> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * GLF: 8× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/artdata?dfom=20140101&sart=4187162|title=Sam Smith "Stay with Me"|publisher=Swedish Recording Industry Association|accessdate=19 November 2014|archivedate=2018-06-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619035805/http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/artdata?dfom=20140101&sart=4187162}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-stay-me-2 |title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Stay With Me|language=Danish|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=4 October 2014}}</ref> * MC: 4× Platinum<ref name="cria">{{cite web|url=https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?_gp_search=Sam%20Smith|title=Gold/Platinum - Sam Smith|publisher=[[Music Canada]]|accessdate=August 7, 2019}}</ref> * NVPI: 3× Platinum<ref name="NVPI"/> * RIAA: 8× Platinum<ref name="riaa.com"/> * RMNZ: 3× Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "I'm Not the Only One" | 3 || 11 || 2 || 5 || 39 || 6 || 16 || 3 || 13 || 5 | * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2015">{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=single|certyear=2015|accessdate=10 February 2015}}</ref> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * GLF: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/netdata/ghl002.mbr/artdata?dfom=20140101&sart=4208347|title=Sam Smith "I'm Not the Only One"|publisher=Swedish Recording Industry Association|accessdate=19 November 2014}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-im-not-only-one|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Stay I'm Not the Only One|language=Danish|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="cria"/> * NVPI: Gold<ref name="NVPI"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa.com"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|artist=Sam Smith|title=I'm Not the Only One|recent=website|id=2633|accessdate=30 January 2015}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Like I Can" | 9 || 20 || 53 || 12 || 45 || 11 || 8 || 19 || 25 || 99 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA2015"/> * GLF: Platinum<ref name="swedcert">{{cite web|url=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/|title=Guld- och Platinacertifikat|publisher=Swedish Recording Industry Association|accessdate=17 November 2017|format=To access, enter the search parameter "Sam Smith" and select "Search by Keyword"}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Like I Can|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-i-can-0|language=Danish|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=8 September 2017}}</ref> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="riaa.com"/> * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row"| "Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas" | 65 || 47 || 66 || 33 || 41 || 46 || — || — || 26 || 90 | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * IFPI DEN: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/certificeringer-0|title=Certificeringer {{!}} IFPI|publisher=IFPI Denmark|date=8 January 2019|accessdate=17 January 2019}}</ref> | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "Lay Me Down"<br/><span style="font-size:85%;">(2015 re-release)</span> <!--DO NOT remove this entry to the discography. This version of "Lay Me Down" had the best average chart performance and has the most certifications, therefore it is the most important version of the song. --> | rowspan="3"| 2015 | 15 || 3 || 10 || — || — || 14 || — || 2 || 68 || 8 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2019"/> * GLF: Platinum<ref name="swedcert"/> * IFPI DEN: Gold<ref>{{cite web|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Lay Me Down|url=http://www.ifpi.dk/?q=content/sam-smith-lay-me-down|language=Danish|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=27 September 2017}}</ref> * RMNZ: Platinum * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="riaa.com"/> | ''In the Lonely Hour'' <!-- The main reason for a 2015 re-release of "Lay Me Down" was to include it on the album "In the Lonely Hour" and not just on the EP "Nirvana".--> |- ! scope="row"| "Lay Me Down"<br/><span style="font-size:85%;">(Red Nose Day re-release pamoja na John Legend)</span> | 1 || — || — || — || — || 4 || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.top40.nl/sam-smith-feat-john-legend/lay-me-down-1-25539|title=Sam Smith (feat. John Legend) - Lay Me Down|publisher=Stichting Nederlandse Top 40|accessdate=5 October 2017}}</ref> || — || — || — | * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> | ''In the Lonely Hour (Drowning Shadows Edition)'' |- ! scope="row"| "Writing's on the Wall" | 1 || 43 || 43 || — || 17 || 9 || 35 || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles |title=NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart (23 November 2015) |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]] |date=23 November 2015 |accessdate=13 November 2015 |url-status=unfit |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6dDZFCtwW?url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles |archivedate=22 November 2015}}</ref> || 63 || 71 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: Gold<ref name="riaa.com"/> | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "Too Good at Goodbyes" | rowspan="2"| 2017 | 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 18 || 2 || 5 || 1 || 2 || 4 | * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2019"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * GLF: 4× Platinum<ref name="swedcert"/> * IFPI DEN: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|title=Certificeringer - Sam Smith - Too Good at Goodbyes|url=http://ifpi.dk/node/8169|language=Danish|publisher=[[IFPI Denmark]]|accessdate=24 April 2019}}</ref> * MC: 5× Platinum<ref name="cria"/> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="riaa.com"/> * RMNZ: Platinum | rowspan="4"| ''The Thrill of It All'' |- ! scope="row"| "One Last Song" | 27 || 94 || 66 || ― || ― || 36 || — || ―<ref name="NZ 13 November">{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4415|title=NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=13 November 2017|accessdate=10 November 2017|archive-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110171407/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4415|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 46 || ― | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/SinglesAccreds2018.htm|title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2018 Singles|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association|accessdate=24 November 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Pray"<br/>{{small|(pamoja na Logic)}} | rowspan="4"| 2018 | — || — || — || — || — || — || 50 || — || — || 55 | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Baby, You Make Me Crazy" | — || — || — || — || — || 87 || — || — || 95 || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Promises"<br>{{small|(pamoja na Calvin Harris)}} | 1 || 4 || 15 || 4 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 7 || 3 || 65 | * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2019"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI DEN: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/node/8050|title=Calvin Harris & Sam Smith "Promises"|publisher=[[IFPI Denmark]]|date=5 March 2019|accessdate=13 March 2019}}</ref> * MC: Gold<ref name="cria"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum | - |- ! scope="row"| "Fire on Fire" | 63 || 93 || — || — || — || 38 || 42 || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4578|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=31 December 2018|accessdate=28 December 2018|archive-date=2018-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228131142/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4578|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 16 || — | | ''Watership Down'' |- ! scope="row"| "Dancing with a Stranger"<br>{{small|(pamoja na Normani)}} | rowspan="3"| 2019 | 3 || 6 || 8 || 3 || 37 || 4 || 6 || 7 || 3 || 7 | * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref name="ARIA2019"/> * IFPI DEN: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/node/8109|title=Sam Smith & Normani – Dancing with a Stranger|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=2 April 2019|language=Danish}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="cria"/> * RMNZ: Platinum * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> | - |- ! scope="row"| "How Do You Sleep?" | 7 || 10 || 16 || 14 || 43 || 4 || 7 || 5 || 20 || 24 | * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ariacharts.com.au/charts/singles-chart|title=ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles|publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]]|date=25 November 2019|accessdate=23 November 2019}}</ref> * IFPI DEN: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.dk/node/8651|title=Sam Smith – How Do You Sleep?|publisher=IFPI Denmark|accessdate=11 January 2020|language=Danish}}</ref> * MC: Platinum<ref name="cria"/> * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold | - |- ! scope="row"| "I Feel Love"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://samsmith.world/ifeellove|title=Sam Smith – I Feel Love|website=samsmith.world|accessdate=1 November 2019}}</ref> | 76 || — || — || — || — || 78 || — || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles?chart=4772|title=NZ Hot Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=11 November 2019|accessdate=9 November 2019|archive-date=2019-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108210636/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/hotsingles%3Fchart%3D4772|url-status=dead}}</ref> || — || — | | - |- |} ==Tuzo== ===Academy Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! !Nyimbo !Tuzo !Matokeo !Marejeo |- | 2016 | Writing's On The Wall | Best Original Song | {{won}} | align=center|<ref>{{cite web|title=Oscar Winners 2016: See the Complete List! |url=http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/oscar-winners-2016-see-the-complete-list |first=Jim |last=Donnelly |publisher=[[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] |date=February 29, 2016 |accessdate=February 29, 2016 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301232004/http://oscar.go.com/news/winners/oscar-winners-2016-see-the-complete-list |archivedate=March 1, 2016 }}</ref> |} ===BBC Sound of...=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2014 | Sam Smith | Sound of 2014 | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Sound of 2014 Profile: Sam Smith|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5jf4FqRFbWbMPdsjlTNKBhw/1-sam-smith|website=[[BBC]]|accessdate=November 27, 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203022648/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/profiles/5jf4FqRFbWbMPdsjlTNKBhw/1-sam-smith|archivedate=2017-12-03}}</ref> |} ===BET Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2015 | Sam Smith | Best New Artist | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[BET]]|title=Sam Smith Can't Wait to Receive His BET Award for Best New Artist|url=https://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/06/28/sam-smith-bet-awards-best-new-artist.html|first=Eric|last=Diep|date=June 29, 2015|accessdate=November 27, 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510085358/http://www.bet.com/news/music/2015/06/28/sam-smith-bet-awards-best-new-artist.html|archivedate=2016-05-10}}</ref> |} ===British LGBT Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2016 | Sam Smith | Music Artist | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://britishlgbtawards.com/winners/2016-winners/ |title=The British LGBT Awards Winners 2016|publisher=The British LGBT |accessdate=November 27, 2018 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123091248/https://britishlgbtawards.com/winners/2016-winners/ |archivedate=November 23, 2018 }}</ref> |} ===Elle Style Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2015 | Sam Smith | Musician of the Year | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|first=Sophie|last=Beresiner|title=Sam Smith wins Musician Of The Year: At the ELLE Style Awards 2015|url=http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/articles/a24850/sam-smith-wins-musician-of-the-year-2015/ |publisher=Elle UK |accessdate=October 2, 2017 |date=February 24, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003030322/http://www.elleuk.com/fashion/articles/a24850/sam-smith-wins-musician-of-the-year-2015/|archivedate=October 3, 2017 }}</ref> |} ===Golden Globe Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Nyimbo ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2016 | Writing's On The Wall | Best Original Song | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Golden Globes 2016: The complete list of nominees and winners |url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-mn-golden-globes-2016-nominees-winners-list-story.html |accessdate=December 10, 2015 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 10, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202175445/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/la-et-mn-golden-globes-2016-nominees-winners-list-story.html |archivedate=December 2, 2016 }}</ref> |} ===JUNO Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Albamu ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2015 | In The Lonely Hour | International Album of the Year | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://junoawards.ca/2015-juno-awards-winners-list/|title=The 2015 JUNO Awards Winners List|publisher=[[Juno Awards]]|accessdate=December 5, 2018|date=March 15, 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624021011/http://junoawards.ca/2015-juno-awards-winners-list/|archivedate=June 24, 2016 }}</ref> |} ===Q Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2014 | Sam Smith | Best New Artist | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|first=Robert|last=Dex|title=Q Awards 2014: List of winners in full|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/q-awards-2014-winners-list-in-full-9811181.html|work=Independent|date=October 22, 2014|accessdate=December 26, 2018|url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819203058/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/q-awards-2014-winners-list-in-full-9811181.html |archivedate=August 19, 2016 }}</ref> |} ===YouTube Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! ! Anayetuzwa ! Tuzo ! Matokeo ! Marejeo |- | 2015 | Sam Smith | 50 artists to watch | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite news|last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=YouTube Music Awards 2015 Winners Unveiled, Picked by Big Data |url=https://variety.com/2015/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-2015-winners-unveiled-picked-by-big-data-1201444212/ |accessdate=June 20, 2015 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=March 2, 2015 |url-status=live |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150703011202/http://variety.com/2015/digital/news/youtube-music-awards-2015-winners-unveiled-picked-by-big-data-1201444212/ |archivedate=July 3, 2015 }}</ref> |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist|2}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://twitter.com/samsmith Sam Smith official Twitter] * [http://www.facebook.com/samsmithworld Sam Smith official Facebook] * [http://samsmithworld.com Sam Smith Official Website] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka London]] pl20m8rmzicpumtyo0pqsl9cxrwrzo4 0 121305 1614043 1547905 2026-11-05T21:06:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614043 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Altar_of_the_church_of_Libyan_Martyrs_in_Minya.jpg|thumb|[[Altare]] ya [[Kanisa (jengo)|kanisa]] lao huko [[Minya]], [[Misri]].]] '''Wafiadini Wakopti wa Libya''' ni [[Wakristo]] 20 [[Wakopti|wa Kikopti]] kutoka [[Misri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|title=Thousands mourn Egyptian victims of Islamic State in disbelief|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=26 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|archive-date=25 February 2015|url-status=dead|archivedate=2015-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216}}</ref> na [[Matthew Ayariga]] kutoka [[Ghana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629111104/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|title=Libya's Mystery Beach and the 21st Victim - TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime|website=www.talkleft.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012072844/http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|title=February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago.|date=2016-02-12|work=DavidAlton.net|access-date=2018-03-17|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080754/https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|title=Ghanaian Christian Among Those Beheaded By ISIS|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135107/http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|title=The bodies of the Coptic Martyrs beheaded by Isis found in Libya|last=Online.|first=Herald Malaysia|website=Herald Malaysia Online|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080419/http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195147/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|title=CRISTIANI COPTI DECAPITATI DALL'ISIS/ Sirte, rinvenuti 21 corpi in una fossa comune|work=Il Sussidiario.net|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/}}</ref> waliotekwa na [[Waislamu]] wenye [[itikadi kali]] wa [[Daish]] huko [[Sirte]], [[Libya]], walipokuwa wanafanya [[kazi]] ya [[ujenzi]] tarehe [[27 Desemba]] [[2014]] na mnamo Januari [[2015]].<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|title=ISIL video shows Christian Egyptians beheaded in Libya|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=16 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128220526/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Matukio ya [[dhuluma]] dhidi ya Wamisri nchini Libya yalianza katika [[miaka ya 1950]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.merip.org/mero/mero031715|title=The Politics of Egyptian Migration to Libya|last=Tsourapas|first=Gerasimos|date=17 March 2015|website=Middle East Research and Information Project|publisher=|access-date=2016-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111193445/http://www.merip.org/mero/mero031715|archive-date=11 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hatimaye waliuawa kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao<ref>Later, when one of the perpetrators of the operation was arrested, he admitted in the investigation that the slaughter had taken place at the beach opposite Al Mahary Hotel in [[Sirte]].{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|title=ليبيا.. اعترافات مثيرة للشاهد على ذبح الأقباط|website=www.alarabiya.net|language=ar|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407154831/http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|archive-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|title="البنيان المرصوص" تكشف التفاصيل الكاملة لذبح الأقباط المصريين في ليبيا|date=2017-10-07|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080218/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|title=داعشى يعترف بالتفاصيل الكاملة لاغتيال المصريين فى سرت الليبية بعد القبض عليه.. الإرهابى أبو عامر الجزراوى قاد المجموعة المجرمة.. وعناصر من تونس وليبيا شاركت فى الجريمة النكراء.. والسلطات تستخرج رفات الضحايا - اليوم السابع|date=2017-10-07|work=اليوم السابع|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-Ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221074604/http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|title=بالصور.. التفاصيل الكاملة لقصة ذبح الأقباط المصريين في سرت الليبية|work=إرم نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-AR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|title=بعد العثور على رفات الضحايا.. تفاصيل ذبح المصريين بليبيا|work=البوابة نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|archive-date=2018-03-30|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714}}</ref>, kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [[video]] tarehe [[15 Februari]] 2015<ref>[http://www.ramanmedianetwork.com/isis-video-shows-mass-beheading-of-christian-hostages/#sthash.dRBC2ygW.dpuf Raman Media network: "ISIS Video Shows Mass Beheading of Christian Hostages" by Rakash Raman] February 16, 2015</ref>. [[Kifo]] chao kilithibishwa na [[serikali]] na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |title=Libyan parliament confirms death of 21 kidnapped Coptic Egyptians |newspaper=[[Daily News Egypt]] |author=Mahmoud Mostafa |date=February 14, 2015 |accessdate=16 Feb 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215224401/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |archivedate=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>. Tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2015 [[Patriarki]] [[Tawadros II]] wa [[Alexandria]] aliwatangaza kuwa [[watakatifu]]<ref name="Vatican radio">{{cite web | url=http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | title=Coptic Church Recognizes Martyrdom of 21 Coptic Christians | date=21 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012065659/http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | archive-date=12 October 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>. Kwa ruhusa yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] aliwaingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chao, 15 Februari. ==Majina yao== Ni kama ifuatavyo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ahram-canada.com/50972/|title=ماثيو " شهيد المسيح " قريبا فى مصر . - جريدة الأهرام الجديد الكندية|publisher=|access-date=2017-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201030649/http://www.ahram-canada.com/50972/|archive-date=2017-12-01|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|title=February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago.|date=12 February 2016|publisher=|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080754/https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|archive-date=13 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2015/2/16/%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8021-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7/2068977 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325100855/http://www.youm7.com/story/2015/2/16/%D9%86%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8021-%D8%B6%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7/2068977 |archive-date=2018-03-25 |url-status=live </ref>: {| class="wikitable" |- | Bishoy Adel Khalaf || Samuel Alhoam Wilson || Hany Abdel-Masih Salib |- | Melad Mackeen Zaki || Abanoub Ayad Attia || Ezzat Bushra Nassif |- | Yousef Shokry Younan || Kirillos Shukry Fawzy || Majed Suleiman Shehata |- | Somali Stéphanos Kamel || Malak Ibrahim Siniot || Bishoy Stéphanos Kamel |- | Mena Fayez Aziz || Girgis Melad Sniout || Tawadros Youssef Tawadros |- | Essam Badr Samir || Luke Ngati || Jaber Mounir Adly |- | Malak Faraj Abram || Sameh Salah Farouk || Matthew Ayariga |} ==Mwendelezo== Mnamo [[19 Aprili]] [[2015]], Daish ilisambaza video nyingine iliyoonyesha uuaji wa Wakristo [[Waethiopia]] 30 hivi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/19/isis-video-purports-to-show-killing-ethiopians-in-libya.html|title=ISIS releases video purportedly showing killing of Ethiopian Christians in Libya|date=20 April 2015|publisher=|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041258/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2015/04/19/isis-video-purports-to-show-killing-ethiopians-in-libya.html|archive-date=22 May 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-islamicstate-killings/islamic-state-shoots-and-beheads-30-ethiopian-christians-in-libya-video-idUSKBN0NA0IE20150419|title=Islamic State shoots and beheads 30 Ethiopian Christians in Libya:...|first=Sylvia|last=Westall|publisher=|access-date=2018-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706111023/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-islamicstate-killings/islamic-state-shoots-and-beheads-30-ethiopian-christians-in-libya-video-idUSKBN0NA0IE20150419|archive-date=2018-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/20/world/middleeast/isis-video-purports-to-show-killing-of-ethiopian-christians.html|title=ISIS Video Appears to Show Executions of Ethiopian Christians in Libya|publisher=|access-date=2018-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706104013/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/20/world/middleeast/isis-video-purports-to-show-killing-of-ethiopian-christians.html|archive-date=2018-07-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/04/isil-claims-massacre-ethiopian-christians-libya-150419104309814.html|title=ISIL claims massacre of Ethiopian Christians in Libya|website=[[Aljazeera.com]]|access-date=2018-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529202921/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/04/isil-claims-massacre-ethiopian-christians-libya-150419104309814.html|archive-date=2018-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/news/video-1176709/ISIS-behead-shoot-30-Ethiopian-Christians-Libya.html|title=ISIS behead and shoot 30 Ethiopian Christians in Libya|website=Mail Online|access-date=2018-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612214617/http://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/news/video-1176709/ISIS-behead-shoot-30-Ethiopian-Christians-Libya.html|archive-date=2018-06-12|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/19/africa/libya-isis-executions-ethiopian-christians/index.html|title=ISIS executes more Christians in Libya, video shows|first=Eliott C.|last=McLaughlin|work=CNN|access-date=2018-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529131930/https://www.cnn.com/2015/04/19/africa/libya-isis-executions-ethiopian-christians/index.html|archive-date=2018-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Martin Mosebach]] aliandika kitabu juu yao: ''The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|title=Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|language=en|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212020026/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|archive-date=2019-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist|30em}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://lacopts.org/news/updated-list-of-the-names-of-the-new-martyrs-of-libya/ Updated list of the names of the new martrys of Libya]{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa karne ya 20]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Category:Wakopti]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ghana]] hnyyxpkdnxu6hvzwp2xutjj39zrkl9p 0 121307 1613838 1585076 2026-11-05T16:19:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Ayariga''' ([[1990]] hivi - 15 Februari [[2015]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] kutoka [[Ghana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629111104/http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=346906|archive-date=29 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|title=Libya's Mystery Beach and the 21st Victim - TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime|website=www.talkleft.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012072844/http://www.talkleft.com/story/2015/2/19/54349/6959/wariniraq/Libya-s-Mystery-Beach-and-the-21st-Victim|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|title=February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago.|date=2016-02-12|work=DavidAlton.net|access-date=2018-03-17|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080754/https://davidalton.net/2016/02/12/february-anniversary-of-the-brutal-murder-of-21-coptic-christians-in-libya-one-year-ago/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|title=Ghanaian Christian Among Those Beheaded By ISIS|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135107/http://www.cknnigeria.com/2015/02/ghanaian-christian-among-those-beheaded.html|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|title=The bodies of the Coptic Martyrs beheaded by Isis found in Libya|last=Online.|first=Herald Malaysia|website=Herald Malaysia Online|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080419/http://www.heraldmalaysia.com/news/the-bodies-of-the-coptic-martyrs-beheaded-by-isis-found-in-libya/38712/1|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|title=Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195147/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Ghanaian-beheaded-in-Libya-346906|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|title=CRISTIANI COPTI DECAPITATI DALL'ISIS/ Sirte, rinvenuti 21 corpi in una fossa comune|work=Il Sussidiario.net|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213195121/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/Cronaca/2017/10/9/CRISTIANI-COPTI-DECAPITATI-DALL-ISIS-Sirte-rinvenuti-21-corpi-in-una-fossa-comune/786441/}}</ref> au [[Chad]] <ref>https://www.cbcew.org.uk/st-matthew-ayariga/</ref> ambaye, pamoja na [[Wakopti]] 20 kutoka [[Misri]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|title=Thousands mourn Egyptian victims of Islamic State in disbelief|publisher=[[Reuters]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=26 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216|archive-date=25 February 2015|url-status=dead|archivedate=2015-02-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225124231/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/16/uk-mideast-crisis-egypt-village-idUKKBN0LK1L420150216}}</ref>, alitekwa na [[Waislamu]] wenye [[itikadi kali]] wa [[Daish]] huko [[Sirte]], [[Libya]], alipokuwa anafanya [[kazi]] ya [[ujenzi]] mnamo [[27 Desemba]] [[2014]] au Januari [[2015]].<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|title=ISIL video shows Christian Egyptians beheaded in Libya|publisher=[[Al Jazeera]]|date=16 Feb 2015|accessdate=16 Feb 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128220526/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/02/isil-video-execution-egyptian-christian-hostages-libya-150215193050277.html|archive-date=28 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Hatimaye waliuawa wote pamoja kwa kukatwa [[kichwa]] kwa ajili ya [[imani]] yao<ref>Later, when one of the perpetrators of the operation was arrested, he admitted in the investigation that the slaughter had taken place at the beach opposite Al Mahary Hotel in [[Sirte]].{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|title=ليبيا.. اعترافات مثيرة للشاهد على ذبح الأقباط|website=www.alarabiya.net|language=ar|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180407154831/http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/north-africa/2017/10/07/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7.html|archive-date=2018-04-07|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|title="البنيان المرصوص" تكشف التفاصيل الكاملة لذبح الأقباط المصريين في ليبيا|date=2017-10-07|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080218/https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/2589441|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|title=داعشى يعترف بالتفاصيل الكاملة لاغتيال المصريين فى سرت الليبية بعد القبض عليه.. الإرهابى أبو عامر الجزراوى قاد المجموعة المجرمة.. وعناصر من تونس وليبيا شاركت فى الجريمة النكراء.. والسلطات تستخرج رفات الضحايا - اليوم السابع|date=2017-10-07|work=اليوم السابع|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-Ar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221074604/http://www.youm7.com/story/2017/10/7/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF/3445520|archive-date=2018-02-21|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|title=بالصور.. التفاصيل الكاملة لقصة ذبح الأقباط المصريين في سرت الليبية|work=إرم نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|language=ar-AR|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662|archive-date=2018-02-13|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213021850/https://www.eremnews.com/news/arab-world/1017662}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|title=بعد العثور على رفات الضحايا.. تفاصيل ذبح المصريين بليبيا|work=البوابة نيوز|access-date=2018-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714|archive-date=2018-03-30|url-status=live|accessdate=2020-02-14|archivedate=2018-03-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330062714/http://www.albawabhnews.com/2745714}}</ref>, kama ilivyoonyeshwa katika [[video]] tarehe [[15 Februari]] 2015<ref>[http://www.ramanmedianetwork.com/isis-video-shows-mass-beheading-of-christian-hostages/#sthash.dRBC2ygW.dpuf Raman Media network: "ISIS Video Shows Mass Beheading of Christian Hostages" by Rakash Raman] February 16, 2015</ref>. [[Kifo]] chao kilithibishwa na [[serikali]] na [[Kanisa]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |title=Libyan parliament confirms death of 21 kidnapped Coptic Egyptians |newspaper=[[Daily News Egypt]] |author=Mahmoud Mostafa |date=February 14, 2015 |accessdate=16 Feb 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215224401/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2015/02/14/libyan-parliament-confirms-death-21-kidnapped-coptic-egyptians/ |archivedate=February 15, 2015 }}</ref>. Tarehe [[21 Februari]] 2015 [[Patriarki]] [[Tawadros II]] wa [[Alexandria]] aliwatangaza kuwa [[watakatifu]]<ref name="Vatican radio">{{cite web | url=http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | title=Coptic Church Recognizes Martyrdom of 21 Coptic Christians | date=21 February 2015 | accessdate=21 February 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012065659/http://www.news.va/en/news/coptic-church-recognizes-martyrdom-of-21-coptic-ch | archive-date=12 October 2017 | url-status=live }}</ref>. <ref name="Vatican radio"/>. Kwa ruhusa yake, [[Papa Fransisko]] aliwaingiza katika [[Martyrologium Romanum]]. [[Sikukuu]] yao huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chao, 15 Februari. == Marejeo == [[Martin Mosebach]] aliandika kitabu juu yao: ''The 21 - A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs.''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|title=Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof|website=The Tablet|language=en|access-date=2019-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212020026/https://www.thetablet.co.uk/columnists/3/15609/lots-of-coptic-clergy-were-rubbing-shoulders-with-members-of-the-bruderhof|archive-date=2019-12-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist|30em}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Category:Waliofariki 2015]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakristo]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Ghana]] 143bpbt1fkray61t288r7ifc5iobviw 0 129318 1614000 1201584 2026-11-05T20:17:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614000 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Indo-Gangetic Plain.png|250px|thumb|Maeneo ya tambarare ya Uhindi Kaskazini.]] [[Picha:Indo-Gangetic_Plain.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Mashariki mwa tambarare (India, Bangladesh na Nepal) kwa macho ya satelaiti; [[Ganga (mto)|Mto Ganges]] uko katikati ya tambarare.]] '''Tambarare ya Uhindi Kaskazini''' ni eneo kubwa la [[bara]] upande wa [[kusini]] wa [[Milima]] ya [[Himalaya]] linaloshika [[Uhindi|Uhindi Kaskazini]] yote na [[Bangladesh]] yote pamoja na sehemu za [[Pakistan]] na [[Nepal]]. Tambarare hiyo imesababishwa na [[mito]] miwili ya [[Indus]] na [[Ganges]] na ina [[kilomita za mraba]] [[milioni]] 2.5<ref>{{cite book|author1=Taneja, Garima|author2=Pal, Barun Deb|author3=Joshi, Pramod Kumar|author4=Aggarwal, Pramod K. |author5=Tyagi, N. K.|title=Farmers preferences for climate-smart agriculture: An assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_45iAwAAQBAJ|year=2014|publisher=Intl Food Policy Res Inst|page=2}}</ref>. Inakaliwa na [[watu]] [[bilioni]] 1 yaani sehemu ya [[Saba (namba)|saba]] ya watu wote [[duniani]]. Tambarare yote imegawiwa katika mabeseni ya mito miwili: [[maji]] upande wa [[magharibi]] huelekea mto Indus na upande wa [[mashariki]] huelekea mto Ganges. Tambarare hiyo inapokea maji yake kutoka milima ya Himalaya hasa; mito hiyo imetelemka pamoja na [[matope]] yaliyojenga [[tabaka]] nene la [[ardhi]] yenye [[rutuba]]. Hivyo ni eneo linalofaa kwa [[kilimo]] hasa cha [[mpunga]] na [[ngano]] kinacholisha [[idadi]] kubwa ya watu. Katika [[historia]] ya [[binadamu]] ilikuwa kati ya maeneo ya kwanza ambako [[milki]] na [[utamaduni]] wa [[miji]] vilianzishwa vikiwezesha kuwepo kwa [[wataalamu]] walioweka [[msingi|misingi]] ya [[sanaa]] na [[elimu]] ya juu.<ref name="CIA World Factbook - India">{{cite web|url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|title = India|publisher = CIA – The World Factbook|accessdate = 14 December 2007|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html|archivedate = 11 June 2008| = https://web.archive.org/web/20080611033144/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references/> {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Nepal]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Uhindi]] [[Jamii:Jiografia ya Pakistan]] gwvj7re5seatdyzcqtw1w142sobpwe6 0 130737 1613940 1188966 2026-11-05T18:54:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613940 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rehema Nanfuka''' (amezaliwa [[25 Mei]] [[1986]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[sinema]], mkurugenzi, na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] wa [[Uganda]] anayejulikana kwa majukumu yake katika Imani, Wish ya Veronica, Imbabazi, Haunted Souls, The Road We Travel,Queen of Katwe, Imperial Blue<ref>{{cite web|title=SYNOPSIS|url=http://blueimp.site/the-movie/synopsis/|website=Blueimp|accessdate=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509220429/http://blueimp.site/the-movie/synopsis/|archivedate=9 May 2018}}</ref>kati ya filamu zingine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nanfuka: The world is her stage|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Nanfuka--The-world-is-her-stage/691232-1702334-uuqiyuz/index.html|website=Daily Monitor|accessdate=8 May 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013454/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Nanfuka--The-world-is-her-stage/691232-1702334-uuqiyuz/index.html|archivedate=9 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rehema Nanfuka|url=http://blueimp.site/rehema-nanfuka/|website=Bluimp|accessdate=9 May 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509152416/http://blueimp.site/rehema-nanfuka/|archivedate=9 May 2018}}</ref> Alishinda [[tuzo]] ya Mkurugenzi bora katika Tuzo za Filamu za Uganda za [[2018]], akiwa mkurugenzi wa kwanza wa kike kuwahi kushinda tuzo katika kitengo hiki katika miili yoyote inayotoa tuzo nchini [[Uganda]]. ==Kazi== ===Filamu na Runinga=== Rehema alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika utengenezaji wa Maira Film Lab ya Mira Nair ya 2008, Downcast ambapo alicheza kama [[mama]] wa nyumbani. Jukumu lake kama Mary mjakazi huko Imani alishinda tuzo zake mbili; tuzo ya Africa Movie Academy ya mwigizaji anayeahidi zaidi mnamo 2010 akishiriki ushindi na Chelsea Eze na Tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa kike katika Tamasha la Filamu [[Afrika]] la Cordoba, Uhispania mnamo 2010.<ref>{{cite web|title=AMAA 2010 Winners|url=https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html|website=Africa Movie Academy Awards (AMAA)|accessdate=8 May 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920225606/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2010-winners.html|archivedate=20 September 2017}}</ref>Filamu hiyo pia ilishinda tuzo ya Africa Movie Academy ya Filamu Bora katika lugha ya kiafrika. Rehema pia alitambuliwa na mkosoaji anuwai Boyd Van Hoeij ambaye aliandika, "Rehema Nanfuka, kama msichana aliyefadhaika katika sehemu ya pili bora, anafurahishwa na hali yake ya utulivu ya utu" na mkosoaji wa mwandishi wa Hollywood Neil Young aliandika, "Nanfuka na Buyi wanawashirikisha wasanii na wanakabiliana vyema na wahusika walioandikiwa. Mnamo 2013 aliigiza katika Imbabazi ya Joel Karekezi, The Pardon, filamu inayohusu mauaji ya kimbari ya [[Rwanda]] ambayo aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya [[mwigizaji]] bora kwenye Tamasha la ''Cin Cinema Africain de Khouribga'', [[Morocco]] 2015. Rehema aliigiza kama Suzanna katika Yat Madit mnamo 2016 pamoja na Gladys Oyenbot na Michael Wawuyo Jr.Kwa jukumu hili, alishinda tuzo ya mwigizaji bora wa kike kwenye runinga kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Uganda mnamo 2017. Nanfuka aliongoza filamu kushinda tuzo ya Veronica's Wish ya 2018 ambayo alishinda Tuzo ya [[mkurugenzi]] bora kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Uganda 2018 huko [[Kampala]], akiwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushinda tuzo hiyo nchini [[Uganda]]. Filamu hiyo pia ilipokea tuzo zingine nane kati ya majina kumi na mbili. ===Ukumbi wa michezo=== Kwenye jukwaa la ukumbi wa michezo, majukumu ya mapema ya Rehema yalikuwa kwenye maigizo yaliyowekwa kwenye ukumbi wa michezo wa kitaifa. Alicheza kama Lady Macbeth katika mchezo wa Macbeth na alipokea sifa kubwa kwa utendaji wake kutoka kwa mkosoaji wa Daily Monitor Brian Magoba na mkosoaji wa The Observer Polly Komukama aliandika, "Rehema Nanfuka aliendeleza onyesho bora kama Lady Macbeth mbaya." Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, alicheza Dorra na Kate katika Mwili wa Mwanamke kama Uwanja wa Vita katika Vita vya [[Bosnia]] mchezo wa mwandishi wa tamthiliya wa Kiromania-Ufaransa na Matei Visniec na Ga-Ad wa Judith Adong! Sifa zake zingine maarufu za ukumbi wa michezo ni pamoja na Mradi wa Laramie, Samaki wa Kitropiki (kitabu), Hakuna Kutoka kwa Jean Paul Sartre, mimi tu wewe na ukimya na Mto na mlima. Rehema alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji wa sauti katika Ng'ombe Anahitaji Mke, mchezo ambao ulirushwa kwenye programu ya Utendaji wa Afrika ya BBC mnamo 2010. Hadithi ya Rehema imeangaziwa kwenye The Moth.Na kama msanii wa maneno anayezungumziwa Rehema aliyeonyeshwa katika mradi wa maneno ya Afrika ya Goethe Institut. Aliibuka mshindi wa [[Kampala]] Slam 2013. Rehema pia amepokea idhini ya matangazo ya biashara ya Airtel Uganda, Airtel [[Malawi]], Milkman Uganda, na Benki ya ECO Uganda. Rehema anacheza Lisa Borera filamu inayokuja ya Kafa Coh na Nkinzi katika safu ya runinga inayokuja ya Nana Kagga, Reflections. ==Elimu== Rehema alisoma shule ya sekondari ya Kibuli, kisha chuo kikuu cha [[Makerere]], chuo kikuu kongwe nchini [[Uganda]] ambapo alipata shahada katika biashara ya kimataifa. Yeye pia ni mwanafunzi wa Maisha ya Maabara ya Filamu. ==Tuzo na Teuzi== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="4" style="background: #FBFC8A;" | Awards |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Mwaka ! Tuzo ! Kitengo ! Matokeo |- | 2018 | rowspan="2" |Uganda Film Festival Awards | Tuzo ya Muongozaji bora wa mwaka nchini Uganda <br>([[Veronica's Wish]]) | alishinda |- | 2017 | ''Muigizaji bora wa kike nchini Uganda <br> in [[Yat Madit]]'' | {{alishinda}} |- | 2015 | Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga, Morocco | [[Muigizaji bora] (The Pardon –role) | alishiriki |- | 2013 | Goethe Institute spoken word project, Africa | Muigizaji aliyeongelewa sana Kampala | {{alishinda}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | [[African Film Festival of Cordoba]], Spain | [[Muigizaji bora wa kike]] Tuzo ya filamu (Imani- role) | {{alishinda}} |- | [[African Movie Academy Awards]], Nigeria | [[Muigizaji bora chipukizi]] (Imani- role) | {{alishinda}} |- |} ==Kazi ya uigizaji== ===Filamu=== {| class="wikitable" st#le="margin-right: 0;" |- ! rowspan="2" st#le="width:33px;"| Mwaka ! rowspan="2" st#le="width:250px;"| Filamu ! colspan="4" | Uhusika ! rowspan="2" | Maelzo |- ! st#le="width:65px;"| Muigizaji ! st#le="width:65px;"| Muongoza filamu ! st#le="width:65px;"| Muandishi wa filamu ! st#le="width:65px;"| Mtayarishaji wa Filamu |- | 2020 | [[The Girl in the Yellow Jumper]] |Dorothy | | | | |- | rowspan="5" | 2018 | [[Veronica's Wish]] | | ndio | | | |- | ''Kafa Coh(In production)'' | Lisa Borera | | | | Bado inaandaliwa |- | ''[[Imperial Blue (film)|Imperial Blue]]'' | Angela Mbira | | | | |- | ''Facing North'' | Stella | | | | Short |- | ''5 Yogera shorts'' | | ndio | ndio | | |- | rowspan="3" | 2017 | ''[[Kyenvu]]'' | Taxi gossip | | | | |- | ''Tebandeke's Dream'' | | | ndio | ndio | mahojiano |- | '' [[Papi (film)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Belgian-Ugandan thriller ‘Papi’ to premiere Thursday|url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/news/events/belgian-ugandan-thriller-papi-premiere-thursday.html|website=Sqoop|accessdate=10 May 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013026/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201802/news/events/belgian-ugandan-thriller-papi-premiere-thursday.html|archivedate=11 May 2018}}</ref> '' | Mother | | | | |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''[[Queen of Katwe]]'' | Mhudumu wa afya | | | | Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures |- | '' King of Darkness '' | Daktari | | | | |- | rowspan="5" | 2013 | '' The-Pardon (Imbabazi) '' | Alice | | | | |- | '' The Road We Travel '' | Mama wa nyumbani | | | | |- | '' Haunted Souls '' | Apoto Grace | | | ndio | |- | '' Nico the Donkey '' | | | ndio | ndio | |- | '' 4G Spirit'' | | ndio | | | mahojiano |- | rowspan="2" | 2010 | '' [[Imani (film)]]'' | Mary | | | | Alishinda tuzo mbili; Muigizaji bora wa kike Afrika na muigizaji bora chipukizi AMAAs |- | '' Estranged'' | Mjane | | | | |- | 2009 | '' The Pardon'' | Alice | | | | Maisha Film Lab |- | 2008 | '' Down Cast '' | Mama wa nyumbani | | | | Maisha Film Lab |- |} ===Televisheni=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"| Mwaka ! rowspan="2" style="width:250px;"| muendelezo wa filamu za televisheni ! colspan="4" | Uhusika ! rowspan="2" | Maulezo |- ! style="width:65px;"| Muigizaji ! style="width:65px;"| Mungoza filamu ! style="width:65px;"| Muandishi wa filamu ! style="width:65px;"| Muandaa filamu |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Export Baby (Episode 2)'' | Mama alilazimishwa kuuza mtoto | | | | NPO 1 Dutch Public Broadcasting |- | ''Reflections'' | Nkinzi | | | | Savannah MOON|Savannah Moon Pictures |- | 2016 | ''[[Yat Madit]]'' | Suzanna | | | | Media Focus on Africa |- | 2014 | ''Love Makanika'' | ongoza | | | | Dilstories |- | 2011 | '' Fruits of love '' | Dada mkubwa | | | | IVAD Productions |- | 2010 | '' Kakibe ki! '' | mhusika mkuu | | | | NTV Uganda |- |} ===Ukumbi wa maigizo=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"| Mwaka ! rowspan="2" style="width:250px;"| Uzalishaji ! colspan="4" | uhusika ! rowspan="2" | Notes |- ! style="width:65px;"| Muigizaji ! style="width:65px;"| muandaa filamu ! style="width:65px;"| muandishi filamu ! style="width:65px;"| mzalishaji filamu |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | '' The Slay Queens of Africa Musical<ref>{{cite web|title=Afroman Spice to celebrate African slay queens|url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201804/four-one-one/afroman-spice-to-celebrate-african-slay-queens.html|website=Sqoop|accessdate=10 May 2018|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013211/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/201804/four-one-one/afroman-spice-to-celebrate-african-slay-queens.html|archivedate=11 May 2018}}</ref> '' | | ndio | | | Afroman Spice |- | '' Adoption '' | mke | | | | |- | '' We are back! Destiny Africa 2018 tour '' | | ndio | | | |- | rowspan="4" | 2017 | '' Tropical Fish<ref>{{cite web|title=Tropical Fish: Re-defining Woman's Sexuality|url=https://kampalainternationaltheatrefestival.com/tropical-fish-re-defining-womans-sexuality/|website=Kampala International Theatre Festival|accessdate=8 May 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512144033/https://kampalainternationaltheatrefestival.com/tropical-fish-re-defining-womans-sexuality/|archivedate=12 May 2018}}</ref>'' | Muigizaji pekee | ndio | | | |- | '' Just You, Me and the Silence '' | mke/mwandishi wa habari | | | | |- | '' My life in a coloured box '' | muigizaji pekee | | | | |- | '' TVET '' | | ndio | | | kwa ajili ya ubalozi wa ubelgiji |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 | '' [[The Laramie Project]] '' | / mwanafunzi/mkufunzi | | | | |- | '' Ga-AD! '' | Faith – Msaidizi | | | | |- | '' One Man, One Wife '' | | ndio | | | (Laba Fest) |- | rowspan="3" | 2015 | '' The body of a woman as a Battlefield in the Bosnian war '' | Dorra and Kate | | | | |- . | '' Betrayal in the City '' | | ndio | | | |- | '' Visions of Destiny '' | | ndio | ndio | | |- | 2013 | '' [[Macbeth]]'' | Dada Macbeth | | | | |- | 2012 | '' The River and the Mountain '' | Kasisi | | | | |- | 2011 | '' [[No Exit]] '' | Estelle | | | | |- | 2010 | '' The cow needs a wife '' | Janat kipofu | | | |utumbuizaji bora wa kipindi cha BBC |- |} ===Matangazo=== {| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 0;" |- ! rowspan="2" style="width:33px;"| Mwaka ! rowspan="2" style="width:250px;"| Filamu ! colspan="4" | uhusika ! rowspan="2" | makala |- ! style="width:65px;"| mhusika ! style="width:65px;"| muongoza filamu ! style="width:65px;"| mwandishi wa filamu ! style="width:65px;"| muandaaji filamu |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | '' [[Airtel Uganda]] '' | ndio - Goretti - mhusika mkuu | | | | rowspan="4" | [[Swangz Avenue]] |- | '' [[Ecobank Uganda]] '' | ndio- mfamasia | | | |- | 2016 | '' Milk Man Uganda'' | mhusika mkuu | | | |- | 2015 | '' AIRTEL Malawi '' | mhusika mkuu | | | |- |} ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu wa Uganda]] 17cchbh0cy6qzw6xxbrlkhwjykx5j51 0 131234 1613850 1467140 2026-11-05T16:41:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mwigizaji 2 | jina = Mike Bamiloye | picha = Mike_Bamiloye_cropped.png | maelezo ya picha = Mike Abayomi Bamiloye''' ni mcheza filamu wa Nigeria, mwigizaji, muandaaji na muongozaji wa filamu. | jina la kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = [[13 Aprili]] [[1960]] | mahala pa kuzaliwa = | tarehe ya kufa = | mahala alipofia = | jina lingine = | kazi yake = mcheza [[filamu]] wa [[Nigeria]] | miaka ya kazi = | ndoa = | watoto = | mahusiano ya kimapenzi = | tovuti = }} '''Mike Abayomi Bamiloye''' (alizaliwa [[13 Aprili]] [[1960]]) ni mcheza [[filamu]] wa [[Nigeria]], [[mwigizaji]], muandaaji na muongozaji wa filamu.<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Biography of Mike Bamiloye|url=https://gospelfilmsng.com/focus-personality-mike-bamiloye/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=25 February 2015|work=Vanguard News|archivedate=2020-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812000954/https://gospelfilmsng.com/focus-personality-mike-bamiloye/}}</ref> Ni muasisi na raisi wa asasi ya ''Mount Zion Faith Ministries''<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Biography of Mike Bamiloye|url=https://gospelfilmsng.com/focus-personality-mike-bamiloye/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=25 February 2015|work=New Watch Times|archivedate=2020-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812000954/https://gospelfilmsng.com/focus-personality-mike-bamiloye/}}</ref> na mmiliki wa kituo cha runinga cha ''Mount Zion Television''. Alikuwa pia mwanachama wa [[kanisa]] la ''Christ Apostolic Church''. ==Maisha ya Awali== Mike alizaliwa 13 Aprili 1960 huko Ilesa, katika [[jimbo la Osun]] nchini [[Nigeria]] na kukulia ijebu-Jesa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2013/01/22/evangelist-mike-bamiloye-warns-nigerians-over-fraudsters-impersonating-him/|title=Evangelist Mike Bamiloye warns Nigerians over fraudsters impersonating him|work=DailyPost Nigeria|accessdate=25 February 2015|archive-date=2015-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225032302/http://dailypost.ng/2013/01/22/evangelist-mike-bamiloye-warns-nigerians-over-fraudsters-impersonating-him/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alimpoteza [[mama]] yake akiwa na umri wa miaka. Alianza taaluma kama mwanafunzi katika chuo cha ualimu cha ''Ipetumodu''. Alianzisha Mount Zion mnamo [[5 Agosti]] [[1985]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/dad-is-a-great-cook-mike-bamiloyes-son/|title=Dad is a great cook— Mike Bamiloye’s son|work=The Punch - Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=25 February 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228154405/http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/dad-is-a-great-cook-mike-bamiloyes-son/|archivedate=28 February 2015}}</ref> Ameshirikishwa katika filamu na nyimbo nyingi za kidini za nchini [[Nigeria]] kwa miaka mingi tofauti. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/01/how-we-moved-from-church-drama-to-movies-bamiloye/|title=How we moved from church drama to movies –Bamiloye|work=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper|accessdate=25 February 2015|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225034813/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/01/how-we-moved-from-church-drama-to-movies-bamiloye/|archivedate=25 February 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Nigeria]] gw5094kqgm2zno7reh0a8a7dl3xh1uu 0 131740 1613994 1536716 2026-11-05T20:14:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613994 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:St Etheldreda, Ely Place, London EC1 - Nave statue - geograph.org.uk - 1613385.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Swithun.]] '''Swithun Wells''' ([[Otterbourne]], [[Hampshire]], [[Uingereza]], [[1536]] hivi &ndash; [[London]], [[10 Desemba]] [[1591]]) alikuwa [[Mkristo]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] ambaye [[kifodini|aliuawa]] kwa kunyongwa kwa sababu alificha [[mapadri]] waliofanya [[utume]] nchini kinyume cha [[sheria]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/93228</ref>. [[Papa Paulo VI]] [[tarehe]] [[25 Oktoba]] [[1970]] alimtangaza kuwa [[mtakatifu]] [[mfiadini]] pamoja na wenzake 39. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni tarehe ya [[kifodini]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite report|last=McAuley|first=Fr James|url=http://www.portsmouthdiocese.org.uk/docs/201607-Parish-Boundary-Map.pdf|title=The Diocese of Portsmouth Parish Boundaries 2016|date=16 July 2016|format=PDF|publisher=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Portsmouth]]|location=Portsmouth|accessdate=30 January 2018|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6wrrFdxQz?url=http://www.portsmouthdiocese.org.uk/docs/201607-Parish-Boundary-Map.pdf|archivedate=2018-01-30|url-status=dead|ref=harv|deadurl=no}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1536]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1591]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Uingereza]] 9i05o2gie820xp8c8tl4g2y6dxngxyp 0 132152 1614040 1528937 2026-11-05T21:03:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:USSR_stamp_Vitus_Bering_1981.png|right|thumb|247x247px|[[Stempu ya posta]] ya [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] ya mwaka 1981 iliyotolewa kwa kumbukumbu ya miaka 300 kuzaliwa kwa Bering]] '''Vitus Jonassen Bering''' (aliitwa pia [[jina]] la [[Kirusi]]: '''Ivan Ivanovich Bering'''; [[1681]] - [[1741]]<ref name="MFAD">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering/|title=Vitus Bering|author=|date=|work=|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|accessdate=15 December 2015|archivedate=2018-09-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918195458/http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering}}</ref>) <ref name="Lauridsen77">Peter Lauridsen, ''Vitus Bering: The Discoverer of Bering Strait'' (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), p. 77</ref> alikuwa [[baharia]] na [[mpelelezi]] kutoka nchini [[Denmark]] aliyejiunga na [[jeshi la majini]] la [[Urusi]] mnamo [[mwaka]] [[1704]]. Wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Kaskazini]] alijipatia sifa na kupandishwa [[Jeshi|cheo]] kuwa [[kamanda]]. == Msafara wa kwanza wa Kamchatka == Mnamo mwaka wa [[1639]] [[Uwindaji|wawindaji]] [[Warusi]] walivuka [[Bahari Pasifiki]] kutoka [[Siberia]] hadi [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]] . <ref name="2Speake897">Jennifer Speake, ''Literature of Travel and Exploration'', Vol 2 (New York; London: Fitzroy-Dearborn Publishers, 2003), p. 897</ref> [[Peter I wa Urusi|Tsar Peter I]] wa Urusi aliposikia kuhusu [[safari]] hiyo alitaka kuwa na uhakika kuhusu ukweli wake. Mnamo [[1724]] alituma [[msafara]] wa kwanza kwenda [[Kamchatka]] (1725-30) ulioongozwa na Bering. Shabaha moja ilikuwa kuona kama [[Siberia]] imeunganika na Amerika Kaskazini. Walisafiri kwanza hadi [[Kamchatka|Rasi ya Kamchatka]] ambapo walijenga [[meli]] kwa ajili ya upelelezi. Mnamo [[1728]] Bering alisafiri [[Kaskazini|kaskazini kwa]] kutosha ili kugundua kuwa Siberia na Amerika Kaskazini ([[Alaska]]) haziunganiki. <ref name="MFAD">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering/|title=Vitus Bering|author=|date=|work=|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|accessdate=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918195458/http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering|archivedate=2018-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Hapo aliona sehemu ya [[bahari]] inayotenganisha [[Asia]] na [[Amerika]] iliyopokea baadaye [[jina]] la [[Mlangobahari wa Bering]] kwa [[heshima]] yake. == Msafara wa pili wa Kamchatka == Msafara wa pili wa Kamchatka (1733-43) ilikuwa safari kubwa sana ya [[Sayansi|kisayansi]]. Iliongozwa pia na Bering. Msafara huo, ulipokuwa njiani, ulituma makundi madogo ya wapelelezi kwenda pande mbalimbali waliochora kwa mara ya kwanza [[ramani]] za [[pwani]] za Siberia na Bahari Pasifiki. Bering alituma pia meli hadi [[Japani]] na Amerika.<ref name="MFAD">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering/|title=Vitus Bering|author=|date=|work=|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|accessdate=15 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918195458/http://denmark.dk/en/meet-the-danes/great-danes/scientists/vitus-bering|archivedate=2018-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bering mwenyewe alifikia Alaska mnamo [[1741]]. Katika safari ya kurudi ilibidi wasimame kwenye [[kisiwa]] kilichopokea baadaye jina la [[Kisiwa cha Bering]]. Walipokaa kisiwani karibu [[nusu]] ya mabaharia wote walifariki, pamoja na Bering. Mnamo [[1991]], [[wataalamu]] wa [[akiolojia]] kutoka [[Denmark]] walikuta [[kaburi]] lake. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1741]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1681]] [[Jamii:Wapelelezi wa Denmark]] j6hnjlbafhh1xqte3025tanlqk6as5m 0 132709 1613844 1612626 2026-11-05T16:30:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613844 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Artus2.jpg|thumb| Sanamu ya Mfalme Arthur kwenye kanisa la Hofkirche, Innsbruck, iliyoundwa na [[Albrecht Dürer]] na kukalibiwa na Peter Vischer Mzee, mnamo miaka ya 1520]] '''Mfalme Arthur''' ni [[mhusika]] mashuhuri katika masimulizi ya [[Elimu ya visasili|mitholojia]] ya [[Britania]]. Anakumbukwa kama [[mfalme]] aliyeishi katika kasri yake ya Camelot akiwa na [[upanga]] wake unaojulikana kama Excalibur, aliopewa na Bibi wa Ziwa (the Lady of the Lake). Katika [[kumbukumbu]] hiyo Arthur alikuwa [[kiongozi]] au [[mtawala]] wa Britania katika kipindi ambako [[Waroma]] walikuwa wameondoka tayari na [[Waanglia-Saksoni]] walivamia kisiwa na kuenea humo. Kufuatana na masimulizi hayo Arthur alifaulu kuwashinda mara kadhaa. [[Hadithi]] moja maarufu ya Mfalme Arthur ni ile ambapo anatoa upanga kutoka kwa [[jiwe]], tendo linalomfanya kuwa Mfalme wa Wabritania. Hakuna uhakika kama Arthur aliishi kweli; labda masimulizi juu yake ni kumbukumbu ya kiongozi fulani wa Britania aliyeitwa jina tofauti<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/King-Arthur</ref>. == Camelot == Kuna kasri mbalimbali zinazodaiwa kuwa ni Camelot ya Arthur, lakini ile inayokubaliwa na wengi zaidi ni kasri ya [[Tintagel]], [[Cornwall]] (ingawa hakuna ushahidi). Huko Camelot Artur alikaa kwenye [[meza]] ya [[mviringo]] (the round table), pamoja na [[malkia]] wake Guinevere, Merlin, Morgan le Fay, Sir Lancelot, Sir Gawain, Percival na [[Shujaa|mashujaa]] wengine. Arthur na mashujaa wake waliondoka huko kwenda [[safari]] kama ile ya kutafuta [[Kikombe]] cha [[Kristo]] (Holy Grail). == Kifo == Baada ya vituko vingi [[mtoto]] wake, Mordred, alinyakua ufalme wake pamoja na malkia. Hivyo alimlazimisha Arthur kupigana naye. Walipigana kwa muda mrefu na Mordred alimpiga King Arthur katika sehemu nyingi, lakini mwishowe ni Arthur aliyemuua Mordred. Baada ya [[ushindi]] huo, Mfalme Arthur alikuwa dhaifu akafa kutokana na kupoteza [[damu]] kutoka kwa [[majeraha]] yaliyopatikana katika mapigano. Wakati mashujaa wake walipokuwa wakirudi Camelot, walitupa upanga Excalibur ndani ya [[ziwa]] ili uweze kurudi ulikotokea. <ref>"King Arthur." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2013. Web. 27 Feb. 2013.</ref> Hadithi moja ni kwamba Arthur hakuwahi kufa lakini atarudi wakati Waingereza watakuwa wanamhitaji. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{sisterlinks|d=Q45792|s=Category:Arthurian legend|n=no|c=category:King Arthur|v=no|voy=no|wikt=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|b=no}} * [http://www.internationalarthuriansociety.com/ International Arthurian Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.internationalarthuriansociety.com/ |date=20210127152954 }} * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/King-Arthur King Arthur], tovuti ya [[Encyclopedia Britannica]] * {{cite web|url=http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/8035.asp|title=Arthurian Gwent|publisher=Blaenau Gwent Borough County Council|access-date=22 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512153652/http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/8035.asp|archive-date=12 May 2008|accessdate=2021-02-05|archivedate=2008-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512153652/http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/8035.asp}}. An excellent site detailing Welsh Arthurian folklore. * {{cite web|url=http://www.arthuriana.co.uk|title=Arthuriana: Studies in Early Medieval History and Legend|first=Caitlin|last=Green}}. A detailed and comprehensive academic site, which includes numerous scholarly articles. * [http://www.arthuriana.org/ Arthuriana: The Journal of Arthurian Studies, published by Scriptorium Press for Purdue University, US]. The only academic journal solely concerned with the Arthurian Legend; a good selection of resources and links. * {{cite web|url=http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/index_welsh.html|title=Celtic Literature Collective}}. Provides texts and translations (of varying quality) of Welsh medieval sources, many of which mention Arthur. * {{cite journal|last=Green|first=Thomas|date=October 2012|title=John Dee, King Arthur, and the Conquest of the Arctic|url=http://www.heroicage.org/issues/15/green.php|journal=The Heroic Age|number=15}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. * [http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester]. Provides valuable bibliographies and freely downloadable versions of Arthurian texts. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509123944/http://www.heroicage.org/ The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe]. An online peer-reviewed journal that includes regular Arthurian articles; see especially the first issue. {{mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Fasihi ya Kiingereza]] 7hamazoylflfz8tpqsrp4g2rycbi3us 0 133318 1613814 1539572 2026-11-05T15:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eunice Wanjiru Njoki''' (anajulikanaa kwa jina la '''Mammito'''; alizaliwa [[Nairobi]], [[18 Septemba]] [[1993]]) ni [[Mkenya]] anayejihusisha na shughuli za [[uigizaji]], [[uandishi]], [[utangazaji]] na [[uchekeshaji]]. ==Maisha ya awali na Elimu== Mammito hakuwahi kupata nafasi ya kumfahamu [[baba]] yake mzazi wala hakuwahi kujua hisia azipatazo mtu anapokua na [[baba]].<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://edaily.co.ke/entertainment/wcw-confessions-of-comedienne-mammito-difficulty-in-relating-with-men-is-one-112913/entertainment-top-stories/|title=#WCW: Confessions of comedienne Mammito; difficulty in relating with men is one|last=Okoth|first=Brian|date=27 January 2016|website=edaily|url-status=dead|access-date=26 October 2019|accessdate=2021-03-06|archivedate=2019-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026055748/https://edaily.co.ke/entertainment/wcw-confessions-of-comedienne-mammito-difficulty-in-relating-with-men-is-one-112913/entertainment-top-stories/}}</ref> Mama yake, Nancy Njoki, alimlea na kumkuza peke yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://kenyanlife.info/mammito/|title=Mammito {{!}}Kenyan Comedian- Biography, Age, Real names, Family, Photos.|date=4 January 2017|website=Life Issues in Kenya|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> Alikulia katika makazi duni ya [[Kibera]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://nairobiwire.com/2016/04/everything-you-need-to-know-about-churchill-show-comedienne-mammito.html|title=Everything You Need to Know About Churchill Show Comedienne Mammito|last=Kamau|first=Richard|date=11 April 2016|website=Nairobi Wire|url-status=live|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref>. Alipata [[elimu]] yake ya msingi kutoka [[shule]] ya Laini Saba. Kupata mlo mmoja pekee ndani ya Kibera ililazimu kupambana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/kibras-hall-of-fame-10-stars-whove-made-it-in-life-11495/|title=Kibra's hall of fame: 10 stars who've made it in life|last=Maina|first=Njange|date=31 October 2019|publisher=K24 TV|url-status=dead|access-date=4 November 2019|archive-date=2021-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410071931/https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/kibras-hall-of-fame-10-stars-whove-made-it-in-life-11495/}}</ref> Kwasababu Maisha katika makazi haya yalikua na changamoto nyingi, mama yake alikuwa mkali sana na hakumruhusu acheze na watoto wa majirani.<ref name=":2" /> Mammito alijiunga na darasa la kwanza katika shule ya msingi Laini Saba mwaka [[2001]]. Alifanya mitihani yake ya [[Kenya Certificate of Primary Education|KCPE]] mwaka [[2007]]. Baada ya apo, alijiunga na shule ya [[sekondari]] ‘’Gatero Girls High School, [[Nyahururu]]’’<ref name=":0" /> mwaka [[2008]] ambapo alisoma mpaka kidato cha tatu. Mwaka [[2011]] alibadili shule na kujiunga na Silanga Mixed Secondary School, Kibera ambapo huko alifanya mitihani ya [[Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education|KCSE]] mwaka 2011. Alisoma Elimu ya maendeleo ya jamii kutoka [[chuo kikuu]] cha Mount Kenya.{{cn|date=November 2020}} Kwa kipindi hicho, alijihusisha sana na uchekeshaji, uchezaji [[muziki]] na [[mashairi]], vyote hivi mama yake na shangazi walivipinga kwa nguvu kwa madai ya kuwa vinamfanya awe kituko.<ref name=":0" /> Kutokana na hilo, alikua mkaidi na mbishi, kitendo kilichosababisha ahamishiwe kijijini [[Murang'a]] akaishi na bibi yake. Akiwa Murang'a, alikua akimsaidi bibi yake kuuza nguo za shule na nguo za aina nyingine. Baada ya hapo, mnamo mwaka [[2015]] Mammito alijiunga na chuo kikuu cha Mount Kenya ([[Mount Kenya University]]), alisoma na kupata [[astashahada]] ya maendeleo ya jamii. Akiwa chuo, alijiunga na kikundi cha uigizaji. Katika mojawapo ya [[maonyesho]] ya vipaji, ‘’ Nilisajili kama muimbaji, lakini nilipofika jukwaani, nikaaza kutoa vichekesho. Majaji walifurahia sana na walinipigia makofi kwa kusimama. Ni kwa wakati huo ndipo nilipogundua nina uwezo wa kuwa mchekeshaji."<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://parentsafrica.com/2016/02/03/eunice-mammito-njoki-carving-her-niche-in-stand-up-comedy/|title=EUNICE “MAMMITO” NJOKI Carving her niche in stand-up comedy|date=3 February 2016|website=Parents Magazine Africa|access-date=26 October 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2019-10-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026055747/https://parentsafrica.com/2016/02/03/eunice-mammito-njoki-carving-her-niche-in-stand-up-comedy/}}</ref>Alimaliza elimu yakw mwaka [[2016]]. Alipata jina la Mammito, kutoka kwa marafiki zake ambao walikuwa wanaitana Mammito. == Kazi == === 2015 mpaka sasa === Baada ya chuo, Mammito alianza kutafuta kazi kama mtumishi wa uma, lakini hakufanikiwa kupata. Hakuwahi kufikiria kufanya uchekeshaji kama kazi yake. Lakini alipokosa kazi kabisa, aliomba nafasi kutoeza katika vipindi vya ''[[Churchill Show]]''.<ref name=":0" />'''.''' Kwa mara kadhaa, alishindwa kushawishi<ref name=":3" /> na alitolewa na kurudishwa kwa kukosa kujiamini na umiliki wa jukwaa, baadaye aliitwa tena kwani utani wake ulikuwa unachekesha sana. Hali hii iliendelea kwa muda mpaka alipopata nafasi.<ref name=":0" /> mwaka [[2015]]. Mwaka 2015 wakati wa maonyesho yake ya kwanza ndani ya ''Churchill Show'', alikua na uoga mwingi sana,<ref name=":3" /> kiasi kwamba hakuna aliyecheka. "Ni kama vile nilikua natoa hotuba, hakukua na kitu zaidi ya mwangwi. Kuna mud ahata nilisahau mistari yangu, nikabaki kutazama [[hadhira]] na kuondoka jukwaani, nilidhalilika sana, nikabaki kulia tu." Mwaka [[2017]], Mammito alikua kwenye ratiba ya kufanya maonyesho katika tamasha la ''Kigali International Comedy Festival'' lililofanyika Novemba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://taarifa.rw/renowned-comedians-to-grace-the-kigali-international-comedy-festival/|title=Renowned Comedians To Grace The Kigali International Comedy Festival|last=Batamuriza|first=Natasha|date=1 November 2017|website=Taarifa Rwanda|url-status=dead|access-date=4 November 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410081514/https://taarifa.rw/renowned-comedians-to-grace-the-kigali-international-comedy-festival/}}</ref> Mwaka 2018 Mammito alishiriki katika onyesho la ''Anthony Bourdain'' maelezo ya Maisha yake.<ref>{{Citation|title="Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown" Kenya (TV Episode 2018) |publisher=IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt9011936/fullcredits|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2018, alitumbuiza katika ''Seka Festival Season 4'' huko [[Kigali]]. Rwanda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/Ibyamamare-bya-Afurika-mu-rwenya-bizahurira-I-Kigali-mu-iserukiramuco-rimaze-umwaka-ritegurwa/|title=Ibyamamare bya Afurika mu rwenya bizahurira I Kigali mu iserukiramuco rimaze umwaka ritegurwa|last=Akayezu|first=Jean De Dieu|date=10 March 2018|website=Ukwezi|language=Kinyarwanda|trans-title=Comedians from Africa to Meet in Kigali for a Festive that Has Been in Preparations for One Year|url-status=live|access-date=4 November 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410081721/http://www.ukwezi.rw/Imyidagaduro/Ibyamamare-bya-Afurika-mu-rwenya-bizahurira-I-Kigali-mu-iserukiramuco-rimaze-umwaka-ritegurwa/}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/comedy-knights-evening-laugh-comedy-show|title=Comedy Knights in ‘Evening of Laugh’ comedy show|last=Opobo|first=Moses|date=13 December 2018|website=The New Times|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181214123537/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/comedy-knights-evening-laugh-comedy-show|archive-date=14 December 2018|access-date=4 October 2019}}</ref> Hiyo hiyo Juni 2018, alifanya maonyesho katika tamasha la ''East Africa Comedy Show'' lililofanyika [[Kenyatta International Convention Centre]] (KICC). Disemba 2018, alirudi tena [[Rwanda]] kufanya maonyesho wakati wa ''Evening of Laugh Comedy Show''<ref name=":4" /> Mnamo January 2019, Mammito aliongoza katika ''Saturday Night Comedy'' kwenye mgahawa wa ‘’Blues Restaurant’’ jijini Nairobi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/artculture/Standup-comedy-where-no-topic-is-off-limits/1954194-4937418-wyk8b6z/index.html|title=Kenya: Stand-Up Comedy Where No Topic Is Off Limits|last=Oneya|first=Faith|date=16 January 2019|website=Daily Nation|url-status=live|access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref> Mammito alitumbuiza katika maonyesho ya 2019 ''Laugh Festival'' yaliyofanyika KICC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi|title=Rwandan comedian to perform at the ‘Laugh Festival’ in Nairobi|last=Nkurunzinza|first=James Peter|date=25 July 2019|website=The New Times|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725035756/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandan-comedian-perform-laugh-festival-nairobi|archive-date=25 July 2019|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001335745/wamlambez-dominates-laugh-festival|title=‘Wamlambez’ dominates Laugh Festival|last=Kagonye|first=Fredrick|date=29 July 2019|website=The Standard|url-status=live|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref> Agosti 2, alishiriki katika maonyesho ya ''Queens of Comedy'' nchini [[Botswana]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://tswalebs.com/whats-hot/queens-of-comedy-have-the-best-medicine|title=Queens Of Comedy Have The Best Medicine|last=Nokuthula|date=30 July 2019|website=TSWAlebs|url-status=dead|access-date=3 November 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2019-11-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104051611/https://tswalebs.com/whats-hot/queens-of-comedy-have-the-best-medicine}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://minetravel.co.bw/travel/2019/07/25/major-moves-comedy-lines-up-all-female-comics/|title=Major Moves Comedy Lines Up All Female Comics|date=25 July 2019|website=Mining & Travel|access-date=3 November 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410081826/https://minetravel.co.bw/travel/2019/07/25/major-moves-comedy-lines-up-all-female-comics/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=82063&dir=2019/august/05|title=The Monitor :: Queens Of Comedy Warm Up Masa Audience|last=Motimane|first=Ame|date=5 August 2019|website=The Monitor|url-status=live|access-date=3 November 2019|accessdate=2021-04-23|archivedate=2019-09-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905153947/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=82063&dir=2019%2Faugust%2F05}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Mammito ana ndugu wawili.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka [[2018]], alipiga picha akiwa na Edwin Butita, hii ilisababisha uvumi kwamba ana [[mimba]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001266998/is-churchill-s-female-comedian-mammito-pregnant-for-butita|title=Is Churchill's female comedian Mammito pregnant for Butita? - Evewoman|last=Monicah|first=Shanniq|date=24 January 2018|website=standardmedia.co.ke|url-status=live|access-date=26 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://classic105.com/pregnant-mammito-causes-panic-false-labour/|title=Usitukane Wakunga! Pregnant Mammito causes panic when she goes into false labour (Video)|last=Kerongo|first=Grace|date=3 October 2018|website=Classic 105|url-status=dead|access-date=26 October 2019|accessdate=2021-04-10|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410083410/https://classic105.com/pregnant-mammito-causes-panic-false-labour/}}</ref> Kukanusha uvumi huo, alisema kwamba walipiga picha hiyo baada ya kutoka kupata mlo wa mchana. Mammito ni [[Mkristo]]. == Filamu== === Televisheni === {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! style="width:100px;" | Mwaka ! style="width:250px;" | Tukio ! style="width:150px;" | Uhusika ! style="width:200px;" | Maelezo ! style="width:200px;" | Mtandao |- |2017 – hadi sasa |[[Churchill Show]] |Mwenyewe | |[[NTV Kenya]] |- |2018 |Anthony Bourdain: Sehemu hazitambuliki |Mwenyewe |Sehemu ya 12: kipande cha 1 | |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:watu kutoka Nairobi]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] 5yuls7m7gsycer9kw3qy2w50f0g7ewm 0 133735 1613950 1579853 2026-11-05T19:05:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613950 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Skulptur-Ronika-Tandi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kazi ya Sanaa ya Ronika Tandi]] '''Ronika Tandi''' (alizaliwa Kariba,nchini [[Zimbabwe]], mnamo mwaka [[1975]]) ni [[msanii]] na [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] wa Zimbabwe. Awali alijulikana kwa jina la uchongaji [[mawe]]na mara nyingi zenye kufurahisha, sura isiyo naksishiwa ambayo huwa kama jiwe halisia.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|last=Makoni|first=Jane|date=2012-05-01|title=Stone carving centre gives work to deaf children|work=The Zimbabwean|url=http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/entertainment/art-and-literature/58003/stone-carving-centre-gives-work.html|url-status=live|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120731234742/http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/entertainment/art-and-literature/58003/stone-carving-centre-gives-work.html|archive-date=2012-07-31|accessdate=2021-03-20|archivedate=2012-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007181607/http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/entertainment/art-and-literature/58003/stone-carving-centre-gives-work.html}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Zimoyo|first=Tafadzwa|date=2018-10-22|title=Sculptor takes four-years of meditation|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/sculptor-takes-four-years-of-meditation/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Herald|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2020-05-25|title=Aus Afrika nach Hembach|url=https://www.nordbayern.de/region/schwabach/aus-afrika-nach-hembach-1.782824|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Nord Bayern|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Lozina|first=Kristian|date=2016-08-09|title=Kulturbotschafter aus Simbabwe in Hohenroth|url=https://www.mainpost.de/regional/main-spessart/kulturbotschafter-aus-simbabwe-in-hohenroth-art-9316761|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Main Post|language=de}}</ref> ''Tandi'' alizaliwa pembezoni mwaziwa Kariba, mnamo mwaka [[1975]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=June 2011|title=Ausstellung AFRIKA vom 9. Juni bis 31. Juli in der Foyer-Galerie|url=https://www.rednitzhembach.de/index.php?id=324?&id=324&type=98&publish%5Bid%5D=216100&publish%5Bstart%5D=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Gemeinde Rednitzhembach|language=de}}</ref> Ndugu zake wengi wa kuzaliwa ni wasanii wa sanaa za uchongaji wa mawe.<ref name=":0" /> Alisoma kwenye ''National Gallery'' huko Zimbabwe karakana la ''BAT'' mnamo mwaka [[2007]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea habari|last=|first=|date=2007-11-28|title=Zimbabwe: Economic Woes a Passing Phase|work=The Herald|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200711280064.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-04}}</ref> Mchongaji mwenzake ''Eddie Masaya'' alikuwa muhamasishaji wa kwanza muhimu katika kazi yake.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Monda|first=Tony|date=2015-09-17|title=Gender from an African perspective in stone sculpture|url=https://www.thepatriot.co.zw/old_posts/gender-from-an-african-perspective-in-stone-sculpture/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=The Patriot|language=en-US|accessdate=2021-03-20|archivedate=2021-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021150222/https://www.thepatriot.co.zw/old_posts/gender-from-an-african-perspective-in-stone-sculpture/}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka [[2006]], Kazi ya ''Tandi'' ilionyeshwa kwenye bustani ya ubalozi wa [[Ujerumani]] katika mji wa [[Harare]].<ref name=":3" />Aligawanya muda wake kati ya Zimbabwe najerumani, ambapo aliendesha sanaa ndogo ya ''Zim Afrika Gallery''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2016-04-29|title=Alpirsbach: Der Stein wird zum Partner|url=https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.alpirsbach-der-stein-wird-zum-partner.c330983e-ad2d-4b60-a658-66c45eb2257c.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023091750/https://www.schwarzwaelder-bote.de/inhalt.alpirsbach-der-stein-wird-zum-partner.c330983e-ad2d-4b60-a658-66c45eb2257c.html|archive-date=2021-10-23|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Schwarzwälder Bote|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2011]], Aliwakilisha Wachongaji wa [[Zimbabwe]] katika ufunguzi wa ''54th Venice Biennale''.<ref name=":1" /> Pamoja na viongozi wa Shule ya ''Emerald Hill'' ya Zimbabwe kwa viziwi, ambapo alijitolea tangu mwaka [[2007]], mnamo mwaka [[2011]] 'Tandi'' alianzisha kituo cha sanaa cha Shungu. Kituo kilijizatiti katika kusajili wanafunzi wa shule na kuwaandaa kwa ajili ya kazi ya sanaa.<ref name=":0" /> Pia ni mwanzilishi wa ushiriki wa Takunda Shungu Trust, ambao umesaidia kufundisha watoto viziwi na watoto wengine ambao ni walemavu, na kukuza kazi ya wanasanaa viziwi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Mögele|first=Bastian|date=2018-11-18|title=Neues von Takunda Shungu Trust|url=http://www.zimrelief.org/2018/11/18/neues-von-takunda-shungu-trust/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=ZimRelief e.V.|language=de-DE|accessdate=2021-03-20|archivedate=2021-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515151146/http://www.zimrelief.org/2018/11/18/neues-von-takunda-shungu-trust/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2020-01-29|title=Shungu Trust for Deaf Youths to hold art exhibition|url=https://dailynews.co.zw/articles-2012-10-17-shungu-trust-for-deaf-youths-to-hold-art-exhibition/|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Daily News|language=en-GB|accessdate=2021-03-20|archivedate=2021-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214050317/https://dailynews.co.zw/articles-2012-10-17-shungu-trust-for-deaf-youths-to-hold-art-exhibition/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=2020-08-25|title=Schlossparkrunde: Bernhard „Bam“ Epple will 219 Kilometer laufen|url=https://www.kreisbote.de/lokales/kaufbeuren/laengste-lauf-seines-lebens-schlossparkrunde-bernhard-bam-epple-guten-zweck-129-kilometer-13866045.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-04|website=Kreisbote|language=de}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Zimbabwe]] [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] o36mf4ni37nql0hhjvzgrc315u0bkw8 0 133972 1613807 1518864 2026-11-05T15:43:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maha Maamoun''' (alizaliwa [[Oakland]], [[Kalifornia]], [[1972]]) ni mshindi wa [[tuzo]] mbalimbali za [[sanaa]] anayeishi nchini [[Misri]] katika [[mji]] wa [[Kairo]]. Ni mmoja wa wajumbe wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya ''The Contemporary Image Collective'' (CiC), shirika lisilo la kifaida lenye makazi yake katika mji wa Kairo lililoanzishwa mwaka [[2004]], pia ni [[mwanzilishi]] wa jukwaa la Kayfa-ta lililoanzishwa mwaka [[2013]]. Mwaka [[2009]] litunukiwa tuzo ya ''Jury Prize'' kutokana na [[filamu]] yake ya ''Domestic Tourism II'' . Maamoun pia ni mwanachama wa ''The Academy of the Arts of the World''.<ref name=":10">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.academycologne.org/en/article/900_dear_animal|title=DEAR ANIMAL, Maha Maamoun|last=|first=|date=|website=AKADEMIE DER KÜNSTE DER WELT|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-11|accessdate=2021-03-27|archivedate=2019-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211210149/https://www.academycologne.org/en/article/900_dear_animal}}</ref> == Maisha == Maha Maamoun alizaliwa [[California]] mnamo mwka [[1972]] na kukua mjini [[Cairo]].<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://transmediale.de/content/maha-maamoun|title=Maha Maamoun {{!}} transmediale|last=|first=|date=|website=Transmediale - Art and Digital Culture|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-12-11}}</ref> Alisomea [[uchumi]] na kupata [[shahada ya uzamivu]] ndani ya ''Middle Eastern History''. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Misri]] 617t9clm2kc802wxjaq43munxq11o6v 0 133985 1613996 1304831 2026-11-05T20:15:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Ty bello |picha = Ty Bello talking iconic photography.png| |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 14 Januari |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Nigeria |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = Ty bello |kazi_yake = Mtunizi wa nyimbo, Mpiga picha na Mfadhili |nchi = Nigeria }} '''Toyin Sokefun-Bello''' (anajulikana zaidi kama '''TY Bello'''; alizaliwa [[14 Januari]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]], [[mpiga picha]] na [[mfadhili]] wa [[Nigeria]]. <ref name="KonnectAfrica">{{cite web|last1=Jennifer|first1=Nkem-Eneanya|title=TY Bello; Speaking Hope through Music & Pictures|url=http://www.konnectafrica.net/ty-bello-speaking-hope-through-music-photography/|publisher=Konnect Africa|accessdate=14 February 2015|date=25 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214072817/http://www.konnectafrica.net/ty-bello-speaking-hope-through-music-photography/|archive-date=14 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kabla ya kufuata kazi ya solo, alikuwa mwanachama wa [[bendi]] ya sasa ya [[Injili]] ya Kush. TY Bello pia ni mwanachama wa msafara wa upigaji picha wa [[Nigeria]], Depth of Field. <ref>{{cite web|last1=Gausi|first1=Tamara|title=10 Nigerian iconographers you oughta know|url=http://afripopmag.com/2010/10/10-nigerian-iconographers-you-oughta-know/|publisher=AfriPop|accessdate=25 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214071634/http://afripopmag.com/2010/10/10-nigerian-iconographers-you-oughta-know/|archive-date=14 February 2015|url-status=live|archivedate=2015-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214071634/http://afripopmag.com/2010/10/10-nigerian-iconographers-you-oughta-know/}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa single zake "Greenland", "Ekundayo", "This Man", "Freedom" and "Funmise". Bello alizaliwa katika Jimbo la [[Ogun]], alipata shahada ya Uchumi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Lagos]], na alifanya mazoezi ya uandishi wa habari kabla ya kuingia kwenye upigaji picha.<ref>{{cite web|title=TY Bello's Biography & Updated profile – Latest Albums & Songs of TY Bello - Recent Pictures & Videos of TY Bello|url=http://pulse.ng/music/bio-ty-bello-id2789473.html|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=5 December 2014|date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141013041022/http://pulse.ng/music/bio-ty-bello-id2789473.html|archive-date=13 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Aliibuka kwenye [[mazingira]] ya muziki nchini Nigeria kama mwanachama wa kundi la raslimu KUSH, kifupi cha Kinetically Ushering Salvation into Hearts and Homes. Wanachama wengine wa kikundi hicho walikuwa Lara George, Dapo Torimiro na rapa Emem Ema. Kush alipata umaarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya [[2000]] na single "Let's Live Together"; kikundi kilifanikiwa kutoa albamu kabla ya kuvunjwa. .<ref>{{cite web|title=TY Bello returns to stage after 7yrs|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/05/ty-bello-returns-to-stage-after-7yrs/|publisher=Vanguard|accessdate=5 December 2014|date=28 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112075355/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/05/ty-bello-returns-to-stage-after-7yrs/|archive-date=12 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Bello alikuwa mpiga picha rasmi kwa Rais mstaafu Goodluck Jonathan wakati wa umiliki wake madarakani; yeye pia anafanya kazi kwa ajili ya jarida la Thisday. <ref>{{cite web|title=TY Bello's Biography & Updated profile – Latest Albums & Songs of TY Bello - Recent Pictures & Videos of TY Bello|url=http://pulse.ng/music/bio-ty-bello-id2789473.html|publisher=Pulse|accessdate=14 February 2015|date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214062528/http://pulse.ng/music/bio-ty-bello-id2789473.html|archive-date=14 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] 30ip81wswvulweu0ri29irncav2n9xu 0 134134 1613872 1521706 2026-11-05T17:42:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613872 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Нада Топчагић 2018.png|alt=Picha ya Nada Topčagić|thumb|Picha ya Nada Topčagić (2018)]] '''Nada Topčagić'''; amezaliwa [[Modriča]], [[Yugoslavia]], [[3 Julai]] [[1953]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] toka [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]]. ==Kazi== [[Kazi]] yake ilianza [[mwaka]] [[1975]], kwa kutoa [[wimbo]] wake wa kwanza, "Na Drini ćuprija" (''[[Daraja]] juu ya “Drina”''), uliyoandikwa na Obren Pjevović. Alikuwa maarufu sana kipindi cha [[miaka ya 1980]] ingawa bado anasikika mpaka leo. Mwezi mmoja baada ya kuanguka kwa Vukovar kwenye vita vya [[uhuru]] vya [[Kroatia]], kwenye [[majira ya baridi]] ya 1991-92, yeye, Era Ojdanić na Mira Kosovka waliimba katika tamasha kwa ajili ya [[wanajeshi]] wa Kiserbia kwenye mji uliotekwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.e-novine.com/feljton/32359-Narodnjako-prelo-oslobodioce.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-03-31 |archivedate=2019-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327175221/http://www.e-novine.com/feljton/32359-Narodnjako-prelo-oslobodioce.html }}</ref><ref name="Baker2010">{{cite book|author=Catherine Baker|title=Sounds of the Borderland: Popular Music, War and Nationalism in Croatia since 1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsmhAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA187|date=1 July 2010|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-9403-4|pages=187–}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite news|title=Srpska estrada bojkotuje koncert Tereze Kesovije|url=http://www.svet.rs/najnovije-vesti/srpska-estrada-bojkotuje-koncert-tereze-kesovije}}</ref> Kulingana na yeye, alilazimishwa na kikosi cha jeshi kuimba katika tamasha. Mwaka [[2021]], mchezaji wakiswedishi Zlatan Ibrahimović alitumia kipande cha wimbo wake "Jutro je" (''Ni [[Asubuhi]]'') katika Tamasha la [[Muziki]] la Sanremo. Kipande cha muziki baadae kilipata umaarufu mkubwa. ==Maisha binafsi== Topčagić alitoka Bosnia na Herzegovina na kwenda [[Belgrade]] muda fulani kabla ya kutoa wimbo wake wa kwanza (1975). Nada anaishi na kufanya kazi. Ameolewa na Zlatko Đorđević, pamoja naye ana [[mtoto]] wa kiume, Miroslav (alizaliwa 1984).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://glossy.espreso.rs/poznati/vesti/16484/nada-topcagic-jedva-cekam-unuce |title=Nada Topčagić: Jedva čekam unuče |date=3 July 2011 |language=sr |accessdate=23 January 2020 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202044146/http://www.story.rs/vesti/svet-poznatih/16484-nada-topcagic-jedva-cekam-unuce.html |archivedate=2 December 2013 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *{{cite web|title=Nada Topcagic i Era Ojdanic pjevaju u Vukovaru|publisher=Youtube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8fHaVZFGFM}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Bosnia na Herzegovina]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Bosnia na Herzegovina]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wanawake wa Bosnia na Herzegovina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] ndmv8t5cpbg4qs87r9xtvwby3lw0drp 0 134488 1613909 1523309 2026-11-05T18:28:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613909 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Patricia Barber Nasjonal Jazzscene 2017 (212649).jpg|thumb|right|Patricia Barber jukwaani ("Victoria Theater") katika tamasha , [[Oslo]]. 2017]] '''Patricia Barber''' (amezaliwa [[8 Novemba]] [[1955]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa [[jazz]] na [[blues]], mcheza [[kinanda]], [[mwandishi]] wa nyumba na [[kiongozi]] wa [[bendi]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>https://www.discogs.com/artist/91666-Patricia-Barber</ref> ==Biografia== [[Baba]] yake Floyd alikuwa mcheza "saxophone" ya jazz ambaye alicheza pamoja na Bud Freeman na Glenn Miller.<ref name="Ultimate">{{cite book |last1=Yanow |first1=Scott |title=The Jazz Singers: The Ultimate Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/jazzsingersultim0000yano |date=2008 |publisher=Backbeat |isbn=978-0-87930-825-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jazzsingersultim0000yano/page/109 109] |oclc=767843314 |lccn= 2008039171 |ol=OL8128605M}}</ref> Patricia Barber alijifunza "saxophone" na kinanda katika [[ujana]] na alianza kuimba katika [[shule]] za [[sekondari]] za [[muziki]].<ref name="Ultimate">{{cite book |last1=Yanow |first1=Scott |title=The Jazz Singers: The Ultimate Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/jazzsingersultim0000yano |date=2008 |publisher=Backbeat |isbn=978-0-87930-825-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/jazzsingersultim0000yano/page/109 109] |oclc=767843314 |lccn= 2008039171 |ol=OL8128605M}}</ref> Alijikita katika kinanda katika [[chuo kikuu]] cha lowa (University of lowa) mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1970. Baada ya kumaliza [[chuo]], alitumbuiza katika baa na vilabu huko [[Chicago]]. Albamu yake ''Mythologies'' imeegemea kwenye [[hadithi]] za [[mshairi]] wa [[Kirumi]] Ovid. ==Maisha binafsi== Barber ni [[msagaji]], mahojiano na yeye yanaonyesha hajaribu kuficha ukweli huo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=13410|title=In the 'Mix': An Interview With Patricia Barber|publisher=gaylesbiantimes.com Published November 6, 2008, in issue 1089|accessdate=2010-11-22|url-status=usurped|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231232242/http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=13410|archivedate=December 31, 2010|df=mdy-all|https://web.archive.org/web/20101231232242/http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=13410|=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231232242/http://www.gaylesbiantimes.com/?id=13410}}</ref> ==Tuzo na Heshima== *Alipewa Guggenheim Fellowship mnamo [[2003]] katika eneo la [[Sanaa]] Bunifu – Utunzi wa Muziki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gf.org/fellows/738-patricia-barber |title=''Barber Awarded Fellowship by Guggenheim Foundation in 2003''|publisher=gf.org|accessdate=2010-11-22|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530183229/http://www.gf.org/fellows/738-patricia-barber |archivedate=May 30, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> *Alichaguliwa kwenda "American Academy of Arts and Sciences".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newFellows.aspx|title=2019 Fellows and International Honorary Members with their affiliations at the time of election|website=members.amacad.org|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-03-03|accessdate=2021-04-12|archivedate=2020-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302174101/https://members.amacad.org/content/members/newFellows.aspx}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.dakotacooks.com/event/patricia-barber-2/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2021-04-12 |archive-date=2021-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412043905/https://www.dakotacooks.com/event/patricia-barber-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Diskografia== Alama (*) inaashiria kwamba mwaka ni ule wa kutolea {|class="wikitable sortable" !Mwaka wa kurekodi !Jina !Lebo !Wahusika/Maelezo |- |1989* |''Split'' |Floyd |Trio, pamoja na Michael Arnopol (besi), Mark Walker (ngoma) |- |1991 |''A Distortion of Love'' |Antilles |Pamoja na Wolfgang Muthspiel (gitaa), Marc Johnson (besi), Adam Nussbaum (ngoma, "percussion", "finger snaps"), Carla White na Big Kahuna ("finger snaps") |- |1994 |''Café Blue'' |Premonition |With John McLean ([[gitaa]]), Michael Arnopol ([[besi]]), Mark Walker (ngoma, "percussion") |- |1998 |''Modern Cool'' |Premonition |Pamoja na John McLean (gitaa), Michael Arnopol (besi), Mark Walker (ngoma, "percussion"), Dave Douglas (mpiga [[tarumbeta]]), Jeff Stitely ("udu"), Choral Thunder Vocal Choir |- |1999 |''Companion'' |Premonition |Pamoja na John McLean (gitaa), Michael Arnopol (besi), Eric Montzka (ngoma, "percussion"), Ruben P. Alvarez ("percussion); Jason Narducy (sauti) wimbo mmoja umeongezwa |- |2000* |''Nightclub'' |Premonition/Blue Note Records|Blue Note |Pamoja na Marc Johnson na Michael Arnopol (besi; kivyake), Adam Nussbaum na Adam Cruz (ngoma; kivyake), Charlie Hunter (gitaa) |- |2002* |''Verse'' |Premonition/Blue Note |Nyimbo nyingi "quartet", pamoja na Dave Douglas (mpiga tarumbeta)|Dave Douglas(trumpet), Neal Alger (gitaa), Michael Arnopol (besi), Joey Baron (ngoma); wimbo mmoja "quartet" pamooja na Eric Montzka (ngoma) akichukua nafasi ya Baron; wimbo mmoja pamoja na Cliff Colnot "String Ensemble" zimeongezwa |- |2004* |''Live: A Fortnight in France'' |Blue Note |"Quartet", pamoja na Neal Alger (gitaa), Michael Arnapol (besi), Eric Montzka (ngoma) |- |2006* |''Mythologies'' |Blue Note Records|Blue Note |Nyimbo nyingi "quartet", pamoja na Neal Alger (gitaa), Michael Arnapol (besi), Eric Montzka (ngoma); baadhi ya nyimbo pamoja na Jim Gailloreto ("sax") zimeongezwa; baadhi ya nyimbo pamoja na waimbaji zimeongezwa |- |2008* |''The Cole Porter Mix'' |Blue Note Records|Blue Note |Nyimbo nyingi "quartet", pamoja na Neal Alger (gitaa), Michael Arnopol (besi), Eric Montzka (ngoma, "percussion"); baadhi ya nyimbo , pamoja na Chris Potter (mpiga "saxophone" ya jazz)|Chris Potter ("tenor sax") zimeongezwa; baadhi ya nyimbo pamoja "quartet" na Alger (gitaa), Arnopol (besi), Nate Smith (ngoma, "percussion") |- |2010 |''Live in Concert'' |Floyd |Ushirikiano, pamoja na Kenny Werner (kinanda); kwenye tamasha |- |2013* |''Smash'' |Concord Jazz |- |2019 |''Higher'' |ArtistShare |Mzunguko wa kurekodi wimbo "Angels, Birds na I…" |} Chanzo:<ref name="AM discog">{{cite web|title=Patricia Barber {{!}} Album Discography | url= http://www.allmusic.com/artist/patricia-barber-mn0000010756/discography|website=AllMusic|accessdate=1 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="ArtistShare">{{cite web|title=Patricia Barber {{!}} The Higher Project|url=https://www.artistshare.com/projects/experience/?artistID=367&projectId=507|website=ArtistShare|accessdate=18 January 2019|archivedate=2020-12-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231014608/http://www.artistshare.com/projects/experience/?artistID=367&projectId=507}}</ref> ==Viungo nje== * [https://archive.org/details/PatriciaBarber Patricia Barber collection] at the [[Internet Archive]]'s live music archive * [http://www.jazzchicago.net/barber.html Review of Mythologies by JazzChicago.net] ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2021 in Tanzania]] i962oh2nkkvqzyq0vghbu6qxahg48p3 0 136228 1614001 1203603 2026-11-05T20:18:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614001 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tamron Hall 2017 USO Gala (cropped2).jpg|thumb|200px|Tamron Hall 2017]] [[Picha:Tamron Hall at New York City Red Carpet Premiere of Iris.jpg|thumb|Tamron Hall akiwa Kapeti jekundu Marekani]] '''Latrise Hall''' (alizaliwa [[16 Septemba]] [[1970]]) ni [[Mmarekani]] [[mwandishi wa habari]], mtangazaji na mzungumzaji katika kipindi cha [[runinga]]. Mnamo mwezi wa tisa mwaka 2019, Hall alijitokeza katika kipindi cha mchana cha mazungumzo. Hall alikua mwanahabari wa kitaifa kwa habari za NBC na MSNBC, na muongozaji wa programu moja kwa moja MSNBC ya Tamron Hall, na akiwa muongozaji wa kipindi cha leo chukua. Yeye aliandaa tarehe ya mwisho, na alikua muongozaji katika tarehe ya kituo Cha uchunguzi. katika kipindi cha joto 016, ulipatikana uchunguzi mpya wa majeshi maalumu,  ikiwa na bunduki kituon, Tamron Hall alichunguza ambacho alikumbuka maadhimisho ya miaka hamsini ya risasi katika chuo Kikuu cha antinous ==Elimu== Hall alipata stashahada ya [[sanaa]] katika uandishi wa habari kutoka chuo Kikuu cha Temple mnamo mwaka 1992, na baadae kuHamia eneo la Dallas-Fort Worth ili kuanzisha kazi yake ya utangazaji wa habari. ==Kazi== Hall hapo mwanzo alifanya Kazi ya  KBTX katika Bryan, Texas, akiwa mwandishi kwa ujumla, pia aliamia  KTVT  mnamo mwaka 1994, ambalo alidumu kwa miaka mingi akiwa mwandishi wa moja kwa moja.<ref name=nnBio>{{cite web |title=Tamron Hall Biography |url=https://www.msnbc.com/newsnation-tamron-hall/tamron-hall-biography |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004064145/http://www.msnbc.com/newsnation-tamron-hall/tamron-hall-biography |publisher=MSNBC |access-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-date=October 4, 2014 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-05-22 |archivedate=2020-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619084046/http://www.msnbc.com/newsnation-tamron-hall/tamron-hall-biography }}</ref> Kuanzia mwaka 1997 mpaka 2007, alifanya kazi kwa WFLD-TV ya Chicago, Illinois. alishikilia nafsi mbalimbali kama mwandishi wa moja kwa moja,mtumishi na mwenyezi wa kipindi Cha masaa matatu , "mwendeshaji wa kipindi Cha asubuhi".kama mkazi wa Chicago, Hall Mara kwa Mara alitoa habari kuhusiana na siasa za Chicago,na na zilichukua habari mpya , stori kama zaidi devastating Amtrak accidents ya  Illinois.<ref name=nnBio /> Mnamo mwezi wa saba mwaka 2007, Hall alijiunga na mtandao wa habari za kitaifa ya MSNBC na NBC News.MSNBC.<ref>{{cite news|last=Koblin|first=John|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/01/business/media/tamron-hall-leaves-nbc.html|title=Tamron Hall Leaves 'Today' Show and MSNBC|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 1, 2017|access-date=February 1, 2017}}</ref> na pia liingia kwenye mahojiano ya moja kwa moja na Barack Obama  kabla ya kuhaidiwa kugombea uraisi ya mwaka 2008. Katika  MSNBC, Hall alijulikana kama mwandishi mkuu na mmahili,akiwa wa kwanza katika kumbukumbu za umaarufu kama mmahili mbadala wa  Keith Olbermann ya Countdown with Keith Olbermann. Hall pia alijiunga na David Shuster kama mwenyezi mwenza wa programu ya masaa mawili Ni picha kubwa ambayo ilionyeshwa mnamo tarehe 1 mwezi wa sita mwaka, 2009,na kuitimishwa mnamo tarehe 29 mwezi wa kwanza mwaka 2010. Hall ni mmahili mwenza kwa Natalie Morales, na pia alikua mmahili wa wikiendi ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Arusha Translation-a-thon]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 41to7uchsf4q4davz96blxzy1ao3wz4 0 137164 1613854 1306400 2026-11-05T17:04:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Picha:PharedeKribi.jpg|thumb|Manara wa taa wa Kribi]] [[Faili:Lighthouse Kribi Cameroon.jpg|thumb|Mnara wa taa, baada ya kujengwa, pamoja na nyumba ya mlinzi.]] '''Mnara wa taa wa Kribi ''' ni [[mnara wa taa|mnara]] unaopatikana katika nchi ya [[Kameruni]] upande wa [[Kusini]], karibu na [[Ghuba]] ya [[Gine]]. Kwa sasa mnara huu ni kivutio cha watalii, japo maeneo mengine ya kihistoria yamefungwa kwa watalii. == Historia == Mnara wa taa ulijegwa mnamo mwaka 1906 na wakoloni wa Kijerumani ambao walikuwa wamechukua Kameruni, mnara wa taa wa [[kanisa]] ndio urithi wa ujenzi wa kikoloni wa Wajerumani katika mji huo<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartg.org.uk/tj3.asp |title=British Amateur Radio Teledata Group |location=57.5871167013916;-4.11922931671143 |publisher=BARTG |date=20 October 2004 |accessdate=2 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074324/http://www.bartg.org.uk/tj3.asp |archive-date=31 March 2012 |url-status=live |archivedate=2012-03-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331074324/http://www.bartg.org.uk/tj3.asp }}</ref>); leo ni sehemu ya Kifaransa ya Kamerun.<ref name="pdf">{{cite web |url=http://www.gloss-sealevel.org/publications/documents/technical_mission_october_2005.pdf |title=Technical Expert Visit to Mauritania, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo |author=Dixon, David J. |date=7 October 2005 |publisher=IOC/GLOSS |accessdate=2 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219143507/http://www.gloss-sealevel.org/publications/documents/technical_mission_october_2005.pdf |archive-date=19 February 2009 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2009-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219143507/http://www.gloss-sealevel.org/publications/documents/technical_mission_october_2005.pdf }}</ref>Katika siku za mwanzo kulikuwa na nyumba ndogo ya mlinzi wa mnara wa Taa, lakini hiyo imeondolewa leo . Leo ni kwa hoteli ya pwani ya Kribi watalii, skazini tu mwa kivutio cha watalii<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cameroon/southern-cameroon/kribi |title=Kribi Travel Information and Travel Guide – Cameroon |publisher=Lonely Planet |accessdate=27 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722060618/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cameroon/southern-cameroon/kribi |archive-date=22 July 2012 |url-status=live |archivedate=2012-07-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722060618/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/cameroon/southern-cameroon/kribi }}</ref> Maporomoko ya maji ya Lobe.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAGYhdVBirUC&q=kribi+lobe+falls&pg=PA183 |title=Cameroon: The Bradt Travel Guide – Ben West |isbn=9781841622484 |accessdate=4 May 2012|last1=West |first1=Ben |year=2008 }}</ref> T == Eneo == Hoteli ya kizamani ya '''du Phare'''',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.in/Hotel_Review-g482840-d1140184-Reviews-Hotel_du_Phare-Kribi.html |title=Hotel du Phare (Kribi) – Hotel reviews, photos, rates – TripAdvisor |publisher=Tripadvisor.in |accessdate=27 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112031543/http://www.tripadvisor.in/Hotel_Review-g482840-d1140184-Reviews-Hotel_du_Phare-Kribi.html |archive-date=12 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> inajulikana kama "hoteli ya wenyeji" ya mnara wa taa na tasnia ya kusafiri,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southtravels.com/africa/cameroon/dupharehotelkribi/index.html |title=Hotel du Phare Kribi – Cameroon |publisher=Southtravels.com |accessdate=2 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419193708/http://www.southtravels.com/africa/cameroon/dupharehotelkribi/index.html |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=live |archivedate=2012-04-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419193708/http://www.southtravels.com/africa/cameroon/dupharehotelkribi/index.html }}</ref>katika mto wa Kienké .<ref name="pdf" /><ref>{{cite web |author=Juan Miguel Artigas Azas |url=http://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=155 |website=[[The Cichlid Room Companion]] | title=Introducing the slender krib Pelvicachromis taeniatus by Kurt Zadnik |publisher=Cichlidae.com |date=30 June 2001 |accessdate=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201194630/http://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=155 |archive-date=1 December 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldfolio.co.uk/region/africa/cameroon/philemon-yang |title=Cameroon – Prime Minister Philemon Yang – Worldfolio – AFA PRESS |publisher=Worldfolio |date=18 March 2012 |accessdate=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102154718/http://www.worldfolio.co.uk/region/africa/cameroon/philemon-yang |archive-date=2 November 2012 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2012-11-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102154718/http://www.worldfolio.co.uk/region/africa/cameroon/philemon-yang }}</ref> [[Douala]] is a few hours' drive away.<ref name="pdf" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.distancefromto.net/between/Douala/Kribi |title=Distance Between Douala and Kribi |publisher=Distancefromto.net |accessdate=4 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223144643/http://www.distancefromto.net/between/Douala/Kribi |archive-date=23 February 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Maelezo == Mnara huo ni wa mviringo na umepakwa rangi nyeupe na juu nyekundu mahali nyumba ya sanaa iko. Una urefu wa mita 15 yenyewe, lakini mita 18 juu ya usawa wa bahari. Nuru zake tatu nyeupe kila sekunde 12 zinaonekana hadi umbali wa maili nautical 14. kutoka nyuma kuna mwanga wa kijani unaoendelea unaonekana kwenye mstari wa upeo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Minara ya taa ya Kameruni]] 6utjlhkvs4sgq75tqnwc9q5ar99f7pt 0 137858 1614028 1203796 2026-11-05T20:56:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614028 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanja wa Gbegamey''' ni uwanja wa [[michezo]] wenye matumizi mengi unayopatikana Cotonou, nchini [[Benin]]. Kwa sasa unatumika mara nyingi kwa michezo ya shirikisho la [[mpira wa miguu]] na ndio uwanja wa nyumbani kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Mambas Noirs FC]] inayoshiriki ligi ya [[Benin]]. Uwanja huu una uwezo wa kubeba washabiki 5,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | title=Stadiums in Benin | accessdate=2010-09-27 | work=worldstadiums.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | archive-date=2012-01-08 | url-status=dead | archivedate=2012-01-08 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Viunga vya nje== * [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml Maelezo ya uwanja] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml |date=20120108091017 }} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii: Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii: Viwanja vya michezo Benin]] fhv0j4b9r81i3exarg2cps1sfir528f 0 137859 1614029 1203798 2026-11-05T20:56:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614029 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanja wa michezo wa Goho''' ni uwanja wa [[michezo]] wenye matumizi mengi unaopatikana huko Abomey, nchini[[Benin]]. Kwa sasa unatumika mara nyingi kwa michezo ya shirikisho la mpira wa miguu na ndio uwanja wa nyumbani kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Dynamo Abomey F.C]] inayoshiriki ligi kuu ya Benin. Uwanja huu una uwezo wa kubeba washabiki 7,500.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | title=Stadiums in Benin | accessdate=2010-09-27 | work=worldstadiums.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | archive-date=2012-01-08 | url-status=dead | archivedate=2012-01-08 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml }}</ref> ==Viunga vya nje== * [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml Maelezo ya uwanja] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml |date=20120108091017 }} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii: Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii: Viwanja vya michezo Benin]] on6eku9d3jd9z2fcsjtsogu8uvgsr3m 0 137860 1614030 1203832 2026-11-05T20:56:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614030 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanja wa michezo wa manispaa ya Avrankou''' ni uwanja wenye matumizi mengi unayopatikana huko [[Avrankou]], nchini[[Benin]]. Kwa sasa unatumika mara nyingi kwa michezo ya [[soka]] na ndio uwanja wa nyumbani kwa [[klabu]] ya [[Avrankou Omnisport FC]]. Uwanja huu una uwezo wa kubeba washabiki 5,000.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | title=Stadiums in Benin | accessdate=2010-09-27 | work=worldstadiums.com | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml | archive-date=2012-01-08 | url-status=dead | archivedate=2012-01-08 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108091017/http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml Maelezo ya uwanja] {{Wayback|url=http://www.worldstadiums.com/africa/countries/benin.shtml |date=20120108091017 }} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Viwanja vya michezo Benin]] mas6j9jhs2mkbyloh3glxfporwwtycv 0 139745 1613918 1601035 2026-11-05T18:36:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | jina = Philip Davies | image =Official portrait of Philip Davies crop 2.jpg }} '''Philip Andrew Davies''' (alizaliwa mnamo [[5 Januari]] [[1972]]) ni [[Siasa|mwanasiasa]] wa Chama cha Kihafidhina cha [[Uingereza]] na Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Shipley]] huko [[West Yorkshire]]. Kwa mara ya kwanza alichaguliwa katika [[uchaguzi mkuu]] wa mwaka [[2005]], ndiye mbunge wa kihafidhina anayetumikia zaidi, akiwa amepiga kura zaidi ya mara 250 wakati wa kazi yake ya ubunge, na amekosolewa kwa kuzungumza nje ya Miswada ambapo hakuwa akiungwa mkono na serikali.<ref name=revolts>{{cite web|url=http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Philip_Davies&mpc=Shipley&house=commons|title=Voting Record – Philip Davies MP, Shipley (11816) – The Public Whip|access-date=5 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615163259/http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Philip_Davies&mpc=Shipley&house=commons|archive-date=15 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref> name="Wright20141214"</ref><ref> name="Stone20151101">{{cite news| last=Stone| first=Jon| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mp-who-blocked-law-to-scrap-hospital-parking-charges-for-carers-says-he-was-speaking-up-for-a6716816.html| title=Tory MP Philip Davies who blocked law to scrap hospital parking charges for carers says he was 'speaking up for carers'| work=The Independent| date=1 November 2015| access-date=29 October 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107112309/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mp-who-blocked-law-to-scrap-hospital-parking-charges-for-carers-says-he-was-speaking-up-for-a6716816.html| archive-date=7 November 2017| url-status=live}}</ref><ref> name="Perraudin20151030"</ref><ref> name="Stone20151120">{{cite news|last=Stone|first=Jon|title=Tory MPs block bill to give first aid training to children by talking non-stop until debate ends|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mps-block-bill-to-give-first-aid-training-to-children-by-talking-until-time-runs-out-a6742251.html|access-date=20 November 2015|work=The Independent|date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120173701/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/tory-mps-block-bill-to-give-first-aid-training-to-children-by-talking-until-time-runs-out-a6742251.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Davies anajulikana zaidi kwenye kampeni dhidi ya siasa za mrengo wa kushoto na ujamaa na ni mpiganiaji wa harakati za haki za wanaume. Alichukua jukumu la kuongoza katika kupata mjadala wa kwanza wa [[Siku]] ya [[Wanaume]] [[Duniani]] [[Bungeni]] mnamo mwaka [[2015]] mjadala huo ulifanyika kila mwaka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/philip-daviess-mens-rights-victory-turned-me-into-a-blubbering-w/|title=Philip Davies's men's rights victory turned me into a blubbering wreck|first=Glen|last=Poole|date=4 November 2016|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=15 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516065937/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/men/thinking-man/philip-daviess-mens-rights-victory-turned-me-into-a-blubbering-w/|archive-date=16 May 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-41985092|title=Davies: Men are getting a bad press|date=14 November 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415103312/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-41985092|archive-date=15 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Davies ni mjumbe baraza linaloongoza kikundi cha shinikizo cha Chama cha Uhuru, pia ni mratibu wa Muungano wa walipa [[Ushuru]]. Davies amekuwa akikosolewa mara kwa mara na wanasiasa wengine na watu mashuhuri wa umma kwa maoni ambayo huwa akiyatoa juu ya usawa wa kijinsia na wanawake, ushoga, makabila madogo na walemavu. Akinukuliwa akisema walemavu wanapaswa kuwa na chaguo la kufanya kazi chini ya mshahara wa kima cha chini. Davies alisema kuwa wazungu, mawaziri wa kiume wana hatari ya kutoka nje ya serikali ili kutoa nafasi kwa wanawake au wabunge wachache wa [[kabila]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jun/18/tory-mps-pants-are-on-fire-over-upskirting-issue|title=Tory MP's pants are on fire over upskirting issue|last=Crace|first=John|date=18 June 2018|work=The Guardian|access-date=21 June 2018|quote=Philip Davies [is] a Tory MP who can usually be relied on to stand up for any form of sexist and unpleasant behaviour.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621115911/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2018/jun/18/tory-mps-pants-are-on-fire-over-upskirting-issue|archive-date=21 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> for comments he has made on gender equality and women,<ref> name="Perraudin191115"/> homosexuality,</ref><ref name="Wright">{{cite news|last=Wright|first=Oliver|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/four-reasons-the-tories-shouldnt-feel-too-smug--despite-an-incredible-election-result-10234940.html|title=Four reasons the Tories shouldn't feel too smug – despite an incredible election result|work=The Independent|location=London|date=8 May 2015|access-date=22 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913215210/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/four-reasons-the-tories-shouldnt-feel-too-smug--despite-an-incredible-election-result-10234940.html|archive-date=13 September 2015|url-status=live|accessdate=2021-07-18|archivedate=2015-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913215210/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/four-reasons-the-tories-shouldnt-feel-too-smug--despite-an-incredible-election-result-10234940.html}}</ref> ethnic minorities<ref> name="Owen"/> and the disabled.</ref><ref> name=DisabilityTelegraph/> He has stated that the disabled should have the option of working for less than the minimum wage.</ref><ref> name="clarifications1">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/helpandfeedback/corrections_clarifications|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720204810/http://www.bbc.co.uk/helpandfeedback/corrections_clarifications|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 July 2017|title=BBC – Corrections and Clarifications – Help and Feedback|date=20 July 2017|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref> name="wages">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39138775|title=Call to relax wage rule for learning disabled|date=2 March 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=21 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024001400/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-39138775|archive-date=24 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Davies has said that white, male ministers risk being "hoofed out" of the government to make way for women or minority ethnic MPs.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hope |first=Christopher |title=White male ministers risk being unfairly 'hoofed out' in Theresa May's reshuffle, complains Philip Davies MP |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/01/09/white-male-ministers-risk-unfairly-hoofed-theresa-mays-reshuffle/ |access-date=17 January 2019 |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=9 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117122353/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/politics/2018/01/09/white-male-ministers-risk-unfairly-hoofed-theresa-mays-reshuffle/ |archive-date=17 January 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Maisha yake== Davies alizaliwa Doncaster, baba yake ni Peter Davies ambaye alikuwa [[Meya]] wa zamani wa [[Doncaster]]. Awali alitaka kuwa mwandishi wa habari, lakini katika mahojiano [[Januari]] 2017 alinukuliwa akisema, "Ilikuwa matamanio yangu maishani lakini niligundua nilikuwa na aibu sana, Lazima uwe na ujasiri ambao nadhani labda sikuwahi kuwa nao " alimaliza kwa kwa kusema hivo..<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/election/Shock-message-for-Government-as.5341413.jp|title=Shock message for Government as maverick Mayor takes control|work=Yorkshire Post|date=6 June 2009|access-date=31 October 2015}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu, Davies alifanya kazi katika biashara ya maduka makubwa ya Asda kuanzia [[Septemba]] [[1993]] mpaka [[Mei]] [[2005]], akiwa meneja wa huduma za wateja na baadaye kama meneja wa uuzaji. Amefanya kazi pia kwa Watengenezaji wa Vitabu vya [[Marilyn]], pia Davies na Watengenezaji wa Vitabu vya [[Mark Jarvis]].Rasmi katika siasa alijiunga na Chama cha Conservative mnamo mwaka [[1988]]. ==Elimu== Alisoma katika shule ya [[Old Swinford]] [[Hospital]] huko [[Stourbridge]], pia [[Huddersfield]] [[Polytechnic]] ambayo baadae ikawa Chuo Kikuu cha [[Huddersfield]] katika mwaka wake wa tatu wa masomo. Alipata shahada ya Historia na masomo ya kisiasa mnamo mwaka [[1993]].<ref>name="conservatives.com"/> in 1993. Originally he wanted to be a journalist, but in a January 2017 ''[[The Spectator|Spectator]]'' interview he said, "It was my ambition in life but I just realised I was too shy. You’ve got to have a confidence that I think I probably never had".</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Balls|first=Katy|url=http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2017/01/philip-davies-interview-dont-like-bullied/|title=Philip Davies interview: I don't like being bullied|work=The Spectator|date=6 January 2017|access-date=6 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004727/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2017/01/philip-davies-interview-dont-like-bullied/|archive-date=7 January 2017|url-status=live|accessdate=2021-07-18|archivedate=2017-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107004727/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2017/01/philip-davies-interview-dont-like-bullied/}}</ref> ==Maisha ya siasa== Mnamo mwaka [[2005]] katika uhaguzi mkuu nchini uingereza alichaguliwa kama mbunge wa kiti cha [[Shipley]] kwa kura nyingi 422 huku akimshinda Mbunge wa Kazi na Katibu wa Bunge chini ya Idara ya Maswala ya Katiba bwana [[Chris Leslie]].Katika kipindi cha kampeni alipokea misaada iliyofanikiwa kutoka kwa Bearwood Corporate Services, kampuni iliyoundwa na Bwana Ashcroft ambaye sio mkaazi ili kutoa misaada kwa viti vya pembezoni kama vile Davies. Awali Davies bila mafanikio aligombea ubunge kiti cha Colne Valley katika uchaguzi mkuu [[2001]] na alishindwa kwa kura 4639.<ref> name=MembersInterests>{{cite web|title=Register of Members Interests: Philip Davies|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/regmem/?p=11816|publisher=TheyWorkForYou.com|access-date=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111165234/https://www.theyworkforyou.com/regmem/?p=11816|archive-date=11 January 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> a company set up by non-domicile [[Lord Ashcroft]] to give out donations to marginal seats such as Davies'.<ref> name=Briefing>{{cite news|publisher=Times Online|date=4 March 2010|title=Briefing: Lord Ashcroft and Bearwood}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] 7fa5p0omdsnhkf3ewhqmva7reulvjbt 0 140433 1613926 1184923 2026-11-05T18:42:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613926 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Karte_aus_dem_Buch_Römische_Provinzen_von_Theodor_Mommsen_1921_11.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px| Ramani inayoonyesha eneo la "Portus Magnus" kwenye pwani ya magharibi ya Mauretania Caesariensis]] '''Portus Magnus''' (Bandari Kubwa) ilikuwa [[bandari]] ya [[Kirumi]] [[magharibi]] mwa [[Mauretania Caesariensis]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/pdf/2604 |title=Encyclopedie Berbere: Portus Magnus |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729145010/https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/pdf/2604 |archivedate=2021-07-29 |accessdate=2021-07-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ilikuwa karibu na Portus Divinus ya Kirumi na Oran ([[Algeria]]). Wakati wa Kirumi, biashara kubwa kutoka eneo hilo ilikuwa ni [[nafaka]] na chumvi. Ina mabaki kadhaa ya Kirumi, mozaiki, na kazi za [[sanaa]], ambazo zimepelekwa kwenye jumba la makumbukusho la [[Oran]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-jio-Algeria}}  [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge 2021 in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya kiakiolojia Algeria]] eqqe6sku086ldi0iyy7dfef93395jw6 1614084 1613926 2026-11-05T22:57:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614084 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Karte_aus_dem_Buch_Römische_Provinzen_von_Theodor_Mommsen_1921_11.jpg|right|thumb|500x500px| Ramani inayoonyesha eneo la "Portus Magnus" kwenye pwani ya magharibi ya Mauretania Caesariensis]] '''Portus Magnus''' (Bandari Kubwa) ilikuwa [[bandari]] ya [[Kirumi]] [[magharibi]] mwa [[Mauretania Caesariensis]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/pdf/2604 |title=Encyclopedie Berbere: Portus Magnus |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729145010/https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/pdf/2604 |archivedate=2021-07-29 |accessdate=2021-07-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ilikuwa karibu na Portus Divinus ya Kirumi na Oran ([[Algeria]]). Wakati wa Kirumi, biashara kubwa kutoka eneo hilo ilikuwa ni [[nafaka]] na chumvi. Ina mabaki kadhaa ya Kirumi, mozaiki, na kazi za [[sanaa]], ambazo zimepelekwa kwenye jumba la makumbukusho la [[Oran]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-jio-Algeria}}  [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge 2021 in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Maeneo ya kiakiolojia Algeria]] ogucs0m1y3pedmxpl2l1itsdrohq7j2 0 140647 1613823 1582584 2026-11-05T16:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Mary MacKillop.jpg|thumb|[[Picha]] yake halisi ([[1869]]).]] '''Maria wa Msalaba MacKillop''' ([[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], [[15 Januari]] [[1842]] - [[Sydney]], Australia, [[8 Agosti]] [[1909]]) alikuwa [[sista]] [[mwanzilishi]] mwenza wa [[shirika]] la [[kitawa]] la [[Masista wa Mt. Yosefu wa Moyo Mtakatifu]] ambalo ndani ya [[Kanisa Katoliki]] linahudumia hasa [[wasichana]] [[fukara]] wasio na [[elimu]]. Aliongoza shirika hilo hadi kifo chake kati ya wingi wa matatizo, masingizio na dharau <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/65475</ref>. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[19 Januari]] [[1995]], halafu [[Papa Benedikto XVI]] akatangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[17 Oktoba]] [[2010]]<ref name="SMH-saint">{{cite news |title=Canonization for Mary MacKillop underway |url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/canonisation-for-mary-mackillop-underway-20101017-16oxs.html |access-date=17 October 2010 |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=17 October 2010}}</ref>, wa kwanza mzaliwa wa Australia<ref>{{Citation | title = MacKillop has become Australia's first saint | work = ABC News | date = 20 December 2009 | url = http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/19/2776743.htm | access-date = 19 December 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110629014437/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/19/2776743.htm | archive-date = 29 June 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera">{{Rejea habari |url= http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/10/20101017144255773848.html |title=Nun becomes first Australian saint.|date=17 October 2010 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=20 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101020005946/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2010/10/20101017144255773848.html |archive-date=20 October 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article167745061 |title=Penola Mission and St. Joseph's Old Church|first= T. P.|last=Davis |newspaper=[[The Southern Cross (South Australia)|Southern Cross]] |volume=XXXVI |issue=1782 |location=South Australia |date=18 January 1924 |page=4 |via=[[National Library of Australia]]}} Article written at the time of the opening of the new St Joseph's church in Penola. * {{Rejea kitabu |last=Paton |first=Margaret |title=Mary MacKillop: The ground of her loving |url=https://archive.org/details/marymackillopgro0000pato |location=London |publisher=Darton Longman Todd |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-232-52799-5}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website|http://www.marymackillop.org.au/}} *[http://www.sosj.org.au/ Sisters of Saint Joseph of the Sacred Heart official website] *[http://www.marymackillopplace.org.au/ Mary MacKillop Place official website] *[http://www.mackilloppenola.org.au/ Mary MacKillop Penola Centre official website] *[http://www.mackillopmusical.com ''MacKillop''], a musical by Xavier Brouwer *[http://www.MacKillop.org.au MacKillop Family Services website] {{Wayback|url=http://www.mackillop.org.au/ |date=20210924173207 }} *[http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/O_Mother_Mary_of_the_Cross_%28Charles_H._Giffen%29 O Mother Mary of the Cross] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/O_Mother_Mary_of_the_Cross_%28Charles_H._Giffen%29 |date=20210623091518 }}, a hymn to St. Mary of the Cross, text by Veronica Brandt, music by [http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Charles_H._Giffen Charles H. Giffen] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Charles_H._Giffen |date=20210731040317 }}. *[http://www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0127b.htm MacKillop, Mary Helen] in ''The Encyclopedia of Women and Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia'' {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1842]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1909]] [[Jamii:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Australia]] 3mw9f70h5hmjvkbk1l42o6yqnkbr3uh 0 141017 1613861 1302628 2026-11-05T17:14:54Z ~2026-58746-91 93743 1613861 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamlaka ya Mapato ya Tanzania''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Tanzania Revenue Authority''; [[kifupi]]: '''TRA''') ni [[shirika]] la [[serikali]] ya [[Tanzania|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] lililoanzishwa na Sheria ya Mapato ya Tanzania, Cap. 339 ya [[mwaka]] [[1995]] na kuanza shughuli zake rasmi tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[1996]]. Katika kutekeleza kazi zake kisheria, TRA inawajibika, katika kusimamia na kutoa sheria au masharti maalum ya sheria zilizowekwa katika ratiba ya kwanza ya Sheria, na kwa lengo la sheria hiyo TRA ina kazi ya kutathimini, kukusanya, na kuhifadhi mapato yote kama ambavyo sheria hizo zinavyosema na ni kwa niaba ya serikali. Kazi nyingine maalumu za TRA ni hizi zifuatazo. Kwanza, kufuatilia, kusimamia, kuratibu shughuli na kuhakikisha utawala wa haki, ufanisi wa sheria za mapato na idara ya mapato katika mamlaka ya serikali ya Umoja. Pili, kufuatilia na kuhakikisha ukusanyaji wa ada, kodi, mashitaka, au kodi nyingine zozote zilizokusanywa na huduma zozote, idara au mgawanyiko wa serikali kama mapato kwa serikali. Tatu, kumshauri Waziri na viungo vingine vinavyohusika katika masuala yote yanayohusiana na sera ya fedha,Utekelezaji wa sera, na uboreshaji wa sera mara kwa mara kuhusu sheria na utawala wa mapato. Nne, kukuza ufuatiliaji wa kodi kwa kiwango cha juu iwezekanavyo. Tano, kuchukua hatua muhimu ili kuboresha kiwango cha huduma itolewayo kwa walipa kodi kwa lengo la kuboresha ufanisi wa idara za mapato na kuongeza ukusanyaji wa mapato. Sita, kuamua hatua za kuchukuliwa ili kukabiliana na udanganyifu na aina nyingine za kodi na uvamizi mwingine wa kifedha. Saba, kuzalisha takwimu za biashara na machapisho kwa kila robo. Na pia kutoa takkwim kamili za makusanyo ya kodi kwa mwaka na awamu. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.tra.go.tz/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.tra.go.tz/ |date=20211001105954 }} Tovuti rasmi [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:USLWA]] 6iurz91d3uylwdk3kid0lqri2rx463v 1613862 1613861 2026-11-05T17:16:58Z ~2026-58746-91 93743 1613862 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamlaka ya Mapato ya Tanzania''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Tanzania Revenue Authority''; [[kifupi]]: '''TRA''') ni [[shirika]] la [[serikali]] ya [[Tanzania|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] lililoanzishwa na Sheria ya Mapato ya Tanzania, Cap. 339 ya [[mwaka]] [[1995]] na kuanza shughuli zake rasmi tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[1996]]. Katika kutekeleza kazi zake kisheria, TRA inawajibika, katika kusimamia na kutoa sheria au masharti maalum ya sheria zilizowekwa katika ratiba ya kwanza ya Sheria, na kwa lengo la sheria hiyo TRA ina kazi ya kutathimini, kukusanya, na kuhifadhi mapato yote kama ambavyo sheria hizo zinavyosema na ni kwa niaba ya serikali. Kazi nyingine maalumu za TRA ni hizi zifuatazo. Kwanza, kufuatilia, kusimamia, kuratibu shughuli na kuhakikisha utawala wa haki, ufanisi wa sheria za mapato na idara ya mapato katika mamlaka ya serikali ya Umoja. Pili, kufuatilia na kuhakikisha ukusanyaji wa ada, kodi, mashitaka, au kodi nyingine zozote zilizokusanywa na huduma zozote, idara au mgawanyiko wa serikali kama mapato kwa serikali. Tatu, kumshauri Waziri na viungo vingine vinavyohusika katika masuala yote yanayohusiana na sera ya fedha,Utekelezaji wa sera, na uboreshaji wa sera mara kwa mara kuhusu sheria na utawala wa mapato. Nne, kukuza ufuatiliaji wa kodi kwa kiwango cha juu iwezekanavyo. Tano, kuchukua hatua muhimu ili kuboresha kiwango cha huduma itolewayo kwa walipa kodi kwa lengo la kuboresha ufanisi wa idara za mapato na kuongeza ukusanyaji wa mapato. Sita, kuamua hatua za kuchukuliwa ili kukabiliana na udanganyifu na aina nyingine za kodi na uvamizi mwingine wa kifedha. Saba, kuzalisha takwimu za biashara na machapisho kwa kila robo. Na pia kutoa takkwim kamili za makusanyo ya kodi kwa mwaka na awamu. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://www.tra.go.tz/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.tra.go.tz/ |date=20211001105954 }} Tovuti rasmi www.traportal.com [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Mashirika ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:USLWA]] 9dck32j337zldrzym2rc564lmtg78s9 1614268 1613862 2026-11-06T11:40:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamlaka ya Mapato ya Tanzania''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Tanzania Revenue Authority''; [[kifupi]]: '''TRA''') ni [[shirika]] la [[serikali]] ya [[Tanzania|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] lililoanzishwa na Sheria ya Mapato ya Tanzania, Cap. 339 ya [[mwaka]] [[1995]] na kuanza shughuli zake rasmi tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[1996]]. Katika kutekeleza kazi zake kisheria, TRA inawajibika, katika kusimamia na kutoa sheria au masharti maalum ya sheria zilizowekwa katika ratiba ya kwanza ya Sheria, na kwa lengo la sheria hiyo TRA ina kazi ya kutathimini, kukusanya, na kuhifadhi mapato yote kama ambavyo sheria hizo zinavyosema na ni kwa niaba ya serikali. Kazi nyingine maalumu za TRA ni hizi zifuatazo. Kwanza, kufuatilia, kusimamia, kuratibu shughuli na kuhakikisha utawala wa haki, ufanisi wa sheria za mapato na idara ya mapato katika mamlaka ya serikali ya Umoja. Pili, kufuatilia na kuhakikisha ukusanyaji wa ada, kodi, mashitaka, au kodi nyingine zozote zilizokusanywa na huduma zozote, idara au mgawanyiko wa serikali kama mapato kwa serikali. Tatu, kumshauri Waziri na viungo vingine vinavyohusika katika masuala yote yanayohusiana na sera ya fedha,Utekelezaji wa sera, na uboreshaji wa sera mara kwa mara kuhusu sheria na utawala wa mapato. Nne, kukuza ufuatiliaji wa kodi kwa kiwango cha juu iwezekanavyo. Tano, kuchukua hatua muhimu ili kuboresha kiwango cha huduma itolewayo kwa walipa kodi kwa lengo la kuboresha ufanisi wa idara za mapato na kuongeza ukusanyaji wa mapato. Sita, kuamua hatua za kuchukuliwa ili kukabiliana na udanganyifu na aina nyingine za kodi na uvamizi mwingine wa kifedha. Saba, kuzalisha takwimu za biashara na machapisho kwa kila robo. Na pia kutoa takkwim kamili za makusanyo ya kodi kwa mwaka na awamu. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * http://www.tra.go.tz/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.tra.go.tz/ |date=20211001105954 }} Tovuti rasmi [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:USLWA]] 1utz6q35cvvk4i82bmocvbeowdp1tb1 1614269 1614268 2026-11-06T11:45:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mamlaka ya Mapato ya Tanzania''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Tanzania Revenue Authority''; [[kifupi]]: '''TRA''') ni [[shirika]] la [[serikali]] ya [[Tanzania|Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]] lililoanzishwa na Sheria ya Mapato ya Tanzania, Cap. 339 ya [[mwaka]] [[1995]] na kuanza shughuli zake rasmi tarehe [[1 Julai]] [[1996]]. Katika kutekeleza kazi zake kisheria, TRA inawajibika, katika kusimamia na kutoa sheria au masharti maalum ya sheria zilizowekwa katika ratiba ya kwanza ya Sheria, na kwa lengo la sheria hiyo TRA ina kazi ya kutathimini, kukusanya, na kuhifadhi mapato yote kama ambavyo sheria hizo zinavyosema na ni kwa niaba ya serikali. Kazi nyingine maalumu za TRA ni hizi zifuatazo: # kufuatilia, kusimamia, kuratibu shughuli na kuhakikisha utawala wa haki, ufanisi wa sheria za mapato na idara ya mapato katika mamlaka ya serikali ya Umoja. # kufuatilia na kuhakikisha ukusanyaji wa ada, kodi, mashitaka, au kodi nyingine zozote zilizokusanywa na huduma zozote, idara au mgawanyiko wa serikali kama mapato kwa serikali. # kumshauri Waziri na viungo vingine vinavyohusika katika masuala yote yanayohusiana na sera ya fedha, utekelezaji wa sera, na uboreshaji wa sera mara kwa mara kuhusu sheria na utawala wa mapato. # kukuza ufuatiliaji wa kodi kwa kiwango cha juu iwezekanavyo. # kuchukua hatua muhimu ili kuboresha kiwango cha huduma itolewayo kwa walipa kodi kwa lengo la kuboresha ufanisi wa idara za mapato na kuongeza ukusanyaji wa mapato. # kuamua hatua za kuchukuliwa ili kukabiliana na udanganyifu na aina nyingine za kodi na uvamizi mwingine wa kifedha. # kuzalisha takwimu za biashara na machapisho kwa kila robo. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * http://www.tra.go.tz/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.tra.go.tz/ |date=20211001105954 }} Tovuti rasmi [[Jamii:Mashirika ya serikali ya Tanzania]] [[Jamii:USLWA]] lhza0ibcaq6i0ylm3d0m0ul4kjmc3g3 0 141968 1613988 1601188 2026-11-05T20:06:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Spies in Disguise | picha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | mwongozaji = [[Nick Bruno na Troy Quane|Troy Quane<br>Nick Bruno]] | mtayarishaji = [[Peter Chernin]]<br />[[Jenno Topping]]<br />Michael J. Travers<ref name="DENALI PUBLISHING">{{cite press release|url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/353913/DENALI_PUBLISHING_ANNOUNCES_SPIES_IN_DISGUISE_AGENTS_ON_THE_RUN.php|title=Denali Publishing Announces Spies in Disguise: Agents on the Run|date=November 13, 2019|access-date=November 13, 2019|via=[[Gamasutra]]|archive-date=November 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113164713/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/353913/DENALI_PUBLISHING_ANNOUNCES_SPIES_IN_DISGUISE_AGENTS_ON_THE_RUN.php|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113164713/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/pressreleases/353913/DENALI_PUBLISHING_ANNOUNCES_SPIES_IN_DISGUISE_AGENTS_ON_THE_RUN.php|archivedate=2019-11-13}}</ref> | mtunzi = [[Brad Copeland]]<br />Lloyd Taylor<ref name="Denali Publishing"/> | nyota = [[Will Smith]]<br />[[Tom Holland]]<br />[[Rashida Jones]]<br />[[Ben Mendelsohn]]<br />[[Reba McEntire]]<br />[[Rachel Brosnahan]]<br />[[Karen Gillan]]<br />[[DJ Khaled]]<br />[[Masi Oka]] | muziki = [[Theodore Shapiro]]<ref name="ShapiroSpiesInDisguise">{{cite news |title=Theodore Shapiro to Score Blue Sky Studios' 'Spies in Disguise' & Karyn Kusama's 'Destroyer' |url=http://filmmusicreporter.com/2018/06/12/theodore-shapiro-to-score-blue-sky-studios-spies-in-disguise-karyn-kusamas-destroyer/ |access-date=October 28, 2018 |work=Film Music Reporter |date=June 12, 2018 |archive-date=October 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029030747/http://filmmusicreporter.com/2018/06/12/theodore-shapiro-to-score-blue-sky-studios-spies-in-disguise-karyn-kusamas-destroyer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | kampuni = [[Blue Sky Studios]]<ref name="varietyinsight">{{cite web |title=Film releases |url=https://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php?sort=&from_date= |website=[[Variety Insight]] |access-date=August 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 13, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172156/https://www.varietyinsight.com/print_featurefilm_releases.php?sort=&from_date= |url-status=live }}</ref><br />[[20th Century Fox Animation]]<ref name="varietyinsight"/><br />[[Chernin Entertainment]]<ref name="varietyinsight"/> | msambazaji = [[20th Century Fox]] | imetolewa = {{Film date|2019|12|4|[[El Capitan Theatre]]|2019|12|25|Marekani}} | muda = Dakika 102<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/spies-disguise-2019 |title=Spies in Disguise |publisher=British Board of Film Classification |access-date=January 11, 2020 |archive-date=December 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225075921/https://bbfc.co.uk/releases/spies-disguise-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | nchi = Marekani | lugha = Kiingereza | bajeti = [[Dola ya Marekani|dola]]milioni 100 | mapato = dola milioni 171.6 }} '''Spies in Disguise''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[Kibonzo|katuni]] ya vichekesho ya [[mwaka]] [[2019]] iliyozalishwa na [[Blue Sky Studios]]. == Wahusika == * [[Will Smith]] – Lance Sterling<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Spies in Disguise Teams Will Smith and Tom Holland|url=https://www.slashfilm.com/553804/will-smith-and-tom-holland-are-spies-in-disguise/|work=SlashFilm.com|date=2017-10-10|accessdate=2021-09-05|language=en-US|author=Chris Evangelista}}</ref> * [[Tom Holland]] – Walter Beckett * [[Ben Mendelsohn]] – Killian * [[Rashida Jones]] – Marcy Kappel * [[Reba McEntire]] – Joy Jenkins<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Reba McEntire, Rachel Brosnahan Join Will Smith in ‘Spies in Disguise’ (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/reba-mcentire-rachel-brosnahan-join-spies-disguise-1226447/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2019-07-23|accessdate=2021-09-05|language=en-US|author=Mia Galuppo, Mia Galuppo}}</ref> * [[Rachel Brosnahan]] – Wendy Beckett<ref name=":0" /> * [[Karen Gillan]] – Eyes<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Will Smith, Tom Holland are a secret agent team in 'Spies in Disguise' trailer|url=https://ew.com/movies/2018/11/01/spies-in-disguise-trailer-will-smith-tom-holland/|work=EW.com|accessdate=2021-09-05|language=en}}</ref> * [[DJ Khaled]] – Ears<ref name=":1" /> * [[Masi Oka]] – Katsu Kimura * [[Carla Jimenez]] – Geraldine<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rep Sheet Roundup: CAA China Signs Matt William Knowles|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/rep-sheet-roundup-caa-china-signs-matt-william-knowles-1237770/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2019-09-09|accessdate=2021-09-05|language=en-US|author=Rebecca Sun, Rebecca Sun}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} {{Katuni za Disney}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2019]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Katuni]] hs92a6b6butba4bt3w7n1joukr2ovnz 0 143500 1614020 1420797 2026-11-05T20:38:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Toy Story | picha = Toy Story logo.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = | mtunzi = {{Plainlist| * [[Joss Whedon]] * [[Andrew Stanton]] * [[Joel Cohen]] * [[Alec Sokolow]] }} | mwongozaji = [[John Lasseter]] | mtayarishaji = {{Plainlist| * [[Bonnie Arnold]] * [[Ralph Guggenheim]] }} | msambazaji = [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]] | muziki = [[Randy Newman]] | mhariri = {{Plainlist| * Robert Gordon * [[Lee Unkrich]] }} | imetolewa = {{Film date|1995|11|19|[[El Capitan Theatre]]|1995|11|22|Marekani}} | nyota = {{Plainlist| * [[Tom Hanks]] * [[Tim Allen]] * [[Don Rickles]] * [[Jim Varney]] * [[Wallace Shawn]] * [[John Ratzenberger]] * [[Annie Potts]] * [[John Morris]] * [[Erik von Detten]] }} | muda = Dakika 81<ref name=Runtime>{{cite web|title=Toy Story|url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/toy-story-1970-6|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|access-date=August 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053353/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/toy-story-1970-6|archive-date=September 21, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> | nchi = [[Marekani]] | lugha = Kiingereza | ikafuatiwa_na = ''[[A Bug's Life]]'' }} '''Toy Story''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[katuni]] iliyotolewa [[mwaka]] wa [[1995]]. Filamu ilitayarishwa na [[Pixar Animation Studios]], na kutolewa kwenye makumbi [[tarehe]] [[19 Novemba]] [[1995]] na [[Buena Vista Pictures Distribution]]. Katika filamu hiyo walioingiza [[sauti]] ni: * [[Tom Hanks]] kama Woody * [[Tim Allen]] kama Buzz Lightyear * [[Don Rickles]] kama Mister Potato Head * [[Jim Varney]] kama Slinky Dog * [[Wallace Shawn]] kama Rex * [[John Ratzenberger]] kama Hamm * [[Annie Potts]] kama Bo Peep * [[John Morris]] kama Andy Davis * [[Erik von Detten]] kama Sid Phillips * [[Laurie Metcalf]] kama Miss Davis * [[R. Lee Ermey]] kama Sergeant * [[Sarah Freeman]] kama Hannah Phillips == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb title|0114709}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|toy_story}} * {{Mojo title|toystory}} * {{Metacritic film|toy-story}} * {{AMG movie|132294}} {{Katuni za Disney}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Toy Story]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Pixar]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Walt Disney Pictures]] [[Jamii:Filamu za katuni za Disney]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 1995]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] br4o09xyle6x70sctr3atngbt9n1yll 0 144355 1614062 1530129 2026-11-05T21:30:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Filamu 2 | jina = Zootopia | picha = Zootopia logo.svg | maelezo_ya_picha = Nembo ya filamu | mwongozaji = [[Byron Howard]]<br />[[Rich Moore]] | mtayarishaji = [[Clark Spencer]] | mtunzi = [[Jared Bush]]<br />[[Phil Johnston (filmmaker)|Phil Johnston]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to Zootopia at D23 EXPO! |url=https://d23.com/welcome-to-zootopia-at-d23-expo/ |publisher=D23 |access-date=August 30, 2015 |date=August 15, 2015 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905133749/https://d23.com/welcome-to-zootopia-at-d23-expo/ |archive-date=September 5, 2015}}</ref> | nyota = [[Ginnifer Goodwin]]<br />[[Jason Bateman]]<br />[[Idris Elba]]<br />[[Jenny Slate]]<br />[[Nate Torrence]]<br />[[Bonnie Hunt]]<br />[[Don Lake]]<br />[[Tommy Chong]]<br />[[J. K. Simmons]]<br />[[Octavia Spencer]]<br />[[Alan Tudyk]]<br />[[Shakira]] | muziki = [[Michael Giacchino]] | kampuni = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] | msambazaji = [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|Walt Disney Studios<br />Motion Pictures]] | imetolewa = {{Film date|2016|2|13|Ubelgiji|2016|3|4|Marekani}} | muda = Dakika 108<!-- Theatrical runtime: 108:23 --><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.ionia.mi.us/index.aspx?NID=409|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402052335/http://www.ci.ionia.mi.us/index.aspx?NID=409|archive-date=April 2, 2016|title=Ionia, MI – Official Website – "Zootopia"}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zootropolis-film |title=''Zootropolis'' (PG) |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=February 17, 2016 |access-date=February 17, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160225125944/http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/zootropolis-film |archive-date=February 25, 2016}}</ref> | nchi = Marekani | lugha = Kiingereza | bajeti = [[Dola ya Marekani|dola]]milioni 150<ref name="budget">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/07/arts/zootopia-tops-the-box-office.html |title='Zootopia' Tops the Box Office |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 6, 2016 |access-date=March 13, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311162320/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/07/arts/zootopia-tops-the-box-office.html |archive-date=March 11, 2016 |last1=Barnes |first1=Brooks}}</ref> | mapato = dola milioni 1.025<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt2948356/ |title=''Zootopia'' (2016) |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |publisher=[[Internet Movie Database|IMDb]] |access-date=August 7, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528042942/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=disney2016.htm |archive-date=May 28, 2017}}</ref> | ilitanguliwa_na = ''[[Big Hero 6 (filamu)|Big Hero 6]]'' | ikafuatiwa_na = ''[[Moana]]'' }} '''Zootopia''' ni [[filamu]] ya [[tarakilishi|kompyuta]] ya vichekesho ya [[mwaka]] [[2016]] iliyozalishwa na [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]. Ni filamu ya [[hamsini na tano]] katika mfululizo wa [[Walt Disney Animated Classics]]. == Wkamahiriki wa sauti == * [[Ginnifer Goodwin]] kama Judy Hopps<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ginnifer Goodwin Joins Jason Bateman in Disney Animation’s ‘Zootopia’ (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/ginnifer-goodwin-joins-jason-bateman-793927/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2015-05-06|accessdate=2021-11-21|language=en-US|author=Borys Kit, Borys Kit}}</ref> * [[Jason Bateman]] kama Nick Wilde<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Disney, ‘Tangled’ Director Plot New Animated Feature With Jason Bateman (Exclusive)|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/disney-tangled-director-plot-new-451665/|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=2013-05-03|accessdate=2021-11-21|language=en-US|author=Borys Kit, Borys Kit}}</ref> * [[Idris Elba]] kama Chief Bogo * [[Jenny Slate]] kama Dawn Bellwether * [[Nate Torrence]] kama Benjamin Clawhauser * [[Bonnie Hunt]] kama Bonnie Hopps * [[Don Lake]] kama Stu Hopps * [[Tommy Chong]] kama Yax * [[J. K. Simmons]] kama Mayor Lionheart * [[Octavia Spencer]] kama Miss Otterton * [[Alan Tudyk]] kama Duke Weaselton * [[Shakira]] kama Gazelle * [[Raymond S. Persi]] kama Flash * [[Maurice LaMarche]] kama Mister Big * [[Phil Johnston]] kama Gideon Grey * [[John DiMaggio]] kama Jerry Jumbeaux Jr == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{IMDb title|2948356}} * {{tcmdb title|2060804|Zootopia}} * {{bcdb title|151185}} * {{Amg title|586271}} * {{Metacritic film|zootopia}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|zootopia}} * {{mojo title|disney2016}} {{Katuni za Disney}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za katuni za Disney]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2016]] fy7w87o4pvzjyv1exz790nfwas7hmcj 0 144751 1613851 1259071 2026-11-05T16:42:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613851 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ghana, administrative divisions 2018 - de - colored.svg|thumb|Mikoa ya Ghana mnamo Februari 2019.]] '''Jamhuri ya Ghana''' imegawiwa katika [[Mkoa|mikoa]] 16, ambayo yamegawiwa zaidi katika [[wilaya]] 275<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/news/?read=46975 | title=SOCIAL:EC has done no wrong – Dr Afari-Gyan | publisher=Ghana News Agengy | access-date=13 March 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512223809/http://ghanadistricts.gov.gh/news/?read=46975 | archive-date=12 May 2014 | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/october-29th/mps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php |title=MPs demand 24/7 police security for 275 members |publisher=myjoyonline.com |access-date=13 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214239/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/october-29th/mps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php |archive-date=12 May 2014 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2021-12-06 |archivedate=2014-05-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140512214239/http://www.myjoyonline.com/politics/2013/october-29th/mps-demand-247-police-security-for-275-members.php }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/districts/ |title=All Districts |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031082356/http://ghanadistricts.com/districts/ |archive-date=31 October 2013 |website=GhanaDistricts.com |accessdate=2021-12-06 |archivedate=2013-10-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031082356/http://ghanadistricts.com/districts/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/Ghana-Cities.html |title=Ghana: Regions, Major Cities & Urban Localities – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts |website=City Population|access-date=6 October 2020}}</ref>, kila moja ikiwa na Bunge la Wilaya (District Assembly). Chini ya wilaya kuna aina kadhaa za mabaraza, yakiwemo mabaraza 58 ya miji au maeneo, mabaraza 108 ya kanda na mabaraza 626 ya maeneo. Kamati za vitengo 16,000 huwa katika daraja ya chini zaidi. Mikoa hiyo 16 ni: {{Columns |col1= * [[Mkoa wa Ahafo|Ahafo]], [[makao makuu]] [[Goaso]] * [[Mkoa wa Ashanti|Ashanti]], [[makao makuu]] [[Kumasi]] * [[Mkoa wa Bono|Bono]], makao makuu [[Sunyani]] * [[Mkoa wa Bono Mashariki|Bono East]], makao makuu [[Techiman]] * [[Mkoa wa Kati, Ghana|Central]], makao makuu [[Cape Coast]] * [[Mkoa wa Mashariki, Ghana|Eastern]], makao makuu [[Koforidua]] * [[Mkoa wa Greater Accra|Greater Accra]], makao makuu [[Accra]] * [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini, Ghana|Northern]], makao makuu [[Tamale]] |col2= * [[Mkoa wa Oti|Oti]], makao makuu [[Dambai]] * [[Mkoa wa Savannah|Savannah]], makao makuu [[Damongo]] * [[Mkoa wa Mashariki ya Juu|Upper East]], makao makuu [[Bolgatanga]] * [[Mkoa wa Magharibi ya Juu|Upper West]], makao makuu [[Wa, Ghana|Wa]] * [[Mkoa wa Volta|Volta]], makao makuu [[Ho, Ghana|Ho]] * [[Mkoa wa Magharibi, Ghana|Western]], makao makuu [[Sekondi-Takoradi]] * [[Mkoa wa Kaskazini Magharibi|Western North]], makao makuu [[Wiawso]] }} ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{Articles on first-level administrative divisions of African countries}} {{mbegu-jio-Afrika}} [[Jamii:Ghana]] [[Jamii:Mikoa ya Ghana|!]] [[Jamii:Orodha zinazohusu Ghana]] [[Jamii:ugatuzi nchi za Afrika|G]] r60misfcctqj3srii513s8dcfkrszv5 0 146380 1613987 1483989 2026-11-05T20:06:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613987 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spider-Man 2''' ni [[filamu]] ya kishujaa ya nchini [[Marekani]] inayohusu [[hadithi]] ya [[Spider-Man]]. Ilitungwa na Sam Raimi, Alvin Sargent, Alfred Gough, Miles Millar na Michael Chabon. Ni filamu ya pili katika mfululizo wa filamu za Spider-Man. Nyota wa filamu ni Tobey Maguire (Peter Parker au Spider-Man), pamoja na Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Thomas Haden Church, Topher Grace, Bryce Dallas Howard, James Cromwell, Rosemary Harris na J. K. Simmon.<ref name="EWJuly2003">{{cite |url=https://ew.com/article/2003/07/21/first-look-doc-ock-spider-man-2s-villain/ |title=A first look at Doc Ock, ''Spider-Man 2''{{'s}} villain |last=Hiatt |first=Brian |magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]] |date=July 21, 2003 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817202919/https://ew.com/article/2003/07/21/first-look-doc-ock-spider-man-2s-villain/ |archive-date=August 17, 2020 |url-status=live |archivedate=2020-08-17 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817202919/https://ew.com/article/2003/07/21/first-look-doc-ock-spider-man-2s-villain/ }}</ref><ref name="AICN">{{cite web |url=http://legacy.aintitcool.com/node/14954 |title=Additional casting in The Amazing Spider-Man!!! |website=[[Ain't It Cool News]] |date=April 11, 2003 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928124251/http://legacy.aintitcool.com/node/14954 |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Washiriki == * Tobey Maguire kama Peter Parker / Spider-Man * Kirsten Dunst kama Mary Jane Watson * James Franco kama Harry Osborn * Alfred Molina kama Dr. Otto Octavius ​​/ Doctor Octopus: * Rosemary Harris kama May Parker <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1470059/spider-man-2-villain-doc-ock-cast/ |title='Spider-Man 2' Villain Doc Ock Cast |last=Downey |first=Ryan J. |publisher=[[MTV]] |date=February 20, 2003 |access-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817202740/http://www.mtv.com/news/1470059/spider-man-2-villain-doc-ock-cast/ |archive-date=August 17, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * Donna Murphy kama Rosie Octavius ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Marekani]] 058l7p8e39u7x0hhladibmsc8kw6fs5 0 146412 1613802 1589725 2026-11-05T15:33:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marilyn ('Lyn') Ossome''' ni msomi, aliyebobea katika [[nadharia]] ya kisiasa na [[uchumi]] wa kisiasa wa [[ufeministi]]. Kwa sasa ni Mshiriki Mwandamizi wa [[Utafiti]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Johannesburg]] na mjumbe wa bodi ya ushauri ya Mpango Mkakati wa [[Mwanamke|Wanawake]] katika [[Pembe ya Afrika]], miongoni mwa sifa nyingine. Yeye ni mjumbe wa bodi ya wahariri ya ''Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy'',Anahudumu katika kamati tendaji ya Baraza la Maendeleo ya Utafiti wa Sayansi ya Jamii Afrika (CODESRIA).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=CODESRIA: About Us|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?article2936|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-02-16|archivedate=2022-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302220758/https://codesria.org/spip.php?article2936}}</ref> Ndiye mwandishi wa ''Jinsia, Ukabila na Unyanyasaji katika Mpito wa Kenya hadi Demokrasia: Majimbo ya Vurugu.''<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|title=Gender, Ethnicity, and Violence in Kenya's Transitions to Democracy: States of Violence|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2018|isbn=978-1-4985-5830-3}}</ref> == Wasifu == Lyn Ossome alizaliwa na kukulia [[Kenya]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=ROAPE|date=2019-11-07|title=Talking Back: mazungumzo na Lyn Ossome|url=https://roape.net/2019/11/07/talking-back-a-conversation-with-lyn-ossome/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=ROAPE|language=en-US|accessdate=2022-02-16|archivedate=2022-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626072453/https://roape.net/2019/11/07/talking-back-a-conversation-with-lyn-ossome/}}</ref> Ana [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya [[Uzamivu]] katika Masomo ya Siasa kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand]], [[Johannesburg]].Kuanzia [[2016]] hadi 2021 alikuwa Mtafiti Mwandamizi katika [[Taasisi]] ya Utafiti wa Kijamii ya Makerere, katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Makerere]] huko [[Uganda]].A naelezea mbinu yake ya kitaaluma kama 'aina ya mwanaharakati-usomi'. == Kazi == Utafiti wa Ossome unaangazia hasa kazi ya kijinsia, historia ya utetezi wa haki za wanawake na [[unyanyasaji wa kijinsia]], pamoja na masomo ya [[kilimo]] na ardhi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Lyn Ossome|url=https://www.plaas.org.za /nelga/nelga-2021/prof-lyn-ossome/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Plaas|language=en-US}}</ref> Kazi yake kuhusu ufeministi inajumuisha makala kuhusu wanawake wakimbizi wa Kiarabu.Vyombo vya habari vya Kenya na mazungumzo ya kupinga [[ubakaji]],<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|date=2013|title=Locating Kenyan Media in Anti-Rape Discourse: A Feminist Critique|url=https://codesria.org/spip.php?action=api_docrestreint&arg=0/0/pdf/6-amr_vol_21_1_2_2013_ossome.pdf|journal=Africa Media Review|volume=21|pages=109–133|access-date=2022-05-15|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145757/https://codesria.org/spip.php?action=api_docrestreint&arg=0%2F0%2Fpdf%2F6-amr_vol_21_1_2_2013_ossome.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> na harakati za kilimo barani Afrika. Kitabu chake cha [[2018]] kiitwacho ''Jinsia, Ukabila na Vurugu katika Mabadiliko ya Kenya kwa Demokrasia: Nchi za Vurugu'' kilikagua 'mchakato wa demokrasia na unyanyasaji wa kingono/kijinsia uliozingatiwa dhidi ya wanawake wakati wa kuandaa uchaguzi nchini Kenya'.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Ossome|first=Lyn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYtSDwAAQBAJ|title=Gender, Ethnicity, and Violence in Kenya's Transitions to Democracy: States of Violence|date=[[2018-04-02]]|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-1-4985-5831-0|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo [[2021]], alihariri pamoja juzuu ''Labour Questions in the Global South''.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9789813346345|title=Labour Questions in the Global South|date=2021|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-981-334-634-5|editor-last=Jha|editor-first=Praveen|language=en|editor-last2=Chambati|editor-first2=Walter|editor-last3=Ossome|editor-first3=Lyn}}</ref> Yeye ni mjumbe wa bodi ya wahariri wa ''Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy'',<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Our Journal – Agrarian South|url=https://www.agrariansouth.org/our-journal/|access-date=2021-10-22|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022145759/https://www.agrariansouth.org/our-journal/|url-status=dead}}</ref> na anahudumu katika bodi ya ushauri ya [[Ufeministi]] [[Afrika]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Feminist Africa - Editorial Advisory Board|url=https://feministafrica.net/feminist-africa-editorial-advisory-board/|access-date=2021-10-22|website=Feminist Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Mnamo 2016, Ossome alikuwa mwanazuoni mgeni katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Chiao Tung huko [[Taiwan]]. Alikuwa pia akitembelea Profesa wa Urais katika Mafunzo ya Wanawake, Jinsia na Ujinsia katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Yale]] kuanzia 2016-17.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=WGSS Yakaribisha Mafunzo ya Kitivo cha Kutembelea 2016 {{!}} Mafunzo ya Wanawake, Jinsia na Mapenzi| url=https://wgss.yale.edu/news/wgss-welcomes-visiting-faculty-fall-2016|access-date=2021-10-22|website=wgss.yale.edu}}</ref> Ossome anahudumu katika bodi ya Chama cha Kimataifa cha Uchumi wa Wanawake (IAFFE), na kamati tendaji ya Baraza la Maendeleo ya Sayansi ya Jamii. Utafiti katika Afrika (CODESRIA).<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Kenya]] 4jaur1d3gengh7of45wv59scig34s3j 0 146450 1614008 1527047 2026-11-05T20:29:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614008 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Restorers''' ni [[kundi]] la [[wanaharakati]] sita wa [[Kenya]]: Dorcas Owinoh,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Forbes Africa|date=July 1, 2019|title=COVER STORY#30Under30: Technology Category 2019|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-technology-category-2019/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=Forbes Africa}}</ref> Stacy Owino, Cynthia Otieno, Purity Achieng, Macrine Atieno na Ivy Akinyi. Wanatumia [[teknolojia]] kupiga vita [[ukeketaji]] wa wanawake (FGM). Wanaharakati hawa kutoka [[Kisumu]] waliletwa pamoja na mshauri wao Dorcas Owinoh kuunda ombi liitwalo i-Cut ambalo husaidia waathiriwa wa ukeketaji. Wanajulikana kama Waafrika pekee walioshiriki katika 2017 Technovation Challenge huko Silicon Valley.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/07/28/africa/kenyan-girls-fgm-app/index.html|title=The Kenyan teenagers tackling FGM with an app|first=Osman Mohamed |last=Osman|website=CNN|date=28 July 2017|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africanexponent.com/post/4357-kenyan-girls-who-developed-app-to-fight-female-genital-mutilation-nominated-for-sakharov-prize|title=Kenyan Girls Who Developed App to Fight Female Genital Mutilation Nominated for Sakharov Prize {{!}} The African Exponent.|last=Wabai|first=Yvonne|website=The African Exponent|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29|accessdate=2022-02-17|archivedate=2022-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217174124/https://www.africanexponent.com/post/4357-kenyan-girls-who-developed-app-to-fight-female-genital-mutilation-nominated-for-sakharov-prize}}</ref> [[File:We are LIVE with Sakharov finalists The Restorers, a group of five students from Kenya who have developed an app helping girls deal with female genital mutilation.jpg|thumb]] == ''i-Cut'' == i-Cut ni jina la [[programu]] ya simu. waathiriwa wa ukeketaji wanaweza kutumia programu ya i-Cut kuita usaidizi au kuripoti kwa polisi iwapo kutatokea dharura.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/10/23/five-kenyan-school-girls-the-restorers-are-finalists-for-the-sakharov-prize-2019/|title=Five Kenyan school girls, "The Restorers" are finalists for the Sakharov Prize 2019|last=AfricaNews|date=2019-10-23|website=Africanews|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-01-29|accessdate=2022-02-17|archivedate=2020-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923163141/https://www.africanews.com/2019/10/23/five-kenyan-school-girls-the-restorers-are-finalists-for-the-sakharov-prize-2019/}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://ecrgroup.eu/article/kenyan_anti_fgm_campaigners_and_innovators_the_restorers_visit_parliament|title=Kenyan anti-FGM campaigners and innovators The "Restorers" visit Parliament // ECR Group|website=ECR Group|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> ==Tuzo na Uteuzi == *2018 - Washindi wa tuzo ya Waafrika bora wa mwaka (Daily Trust's 2018<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Daily Trust|date=6 Dec 2018|title=Africa: Kenyan Schoolgirls Win Daily Trust African of the Year Award|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201812070526.html|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> ) *2019 - Aliteuliwa kwa Tuzo ya Sakharov ya Bunge la Ulaya ya Uhuru wa Mawazo<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africa-newsroom.com/press/five-kenyan-school-girls-the-restorers-are-finalists-for-the-sakharov-prize-2019|title=Five Kenyan school girls|last1=Newsroom|first1=APO Group-Africa|last2=Kenya|first2=EU Delegation to|website=www.africa-newsroom.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kenya]] scg3tpxt7lbh2hl8twekh0wxme5anr4 0 146761 1613867 1521505 2026-11-05T17:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mustafa Sanalla''' (مصطفى صنع الله) amewahi kuwa mwenyekiti wa [[kampuni]] ya kitaifa ya mafuta ya [[Libya]] (NOC) tangu [[Mei]] [[2014]].<ref>https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/sanalla-mustafa/biography/</ref> Baada ya kupata [[Shahada ya Awali|Shahada]] ya [[uhandisi]] wa [[kemikali]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha [[Tripoli (Libya)|Tripoli]] mnamo mwaka [[1985]], Sanalla alijiunga na kampuni ya mafuta na [[gesi]] ya Ras Lanuf, tawi la kampuni ya NOC inayoendesha kiwanda cha kusafisha mafuta cha Ras Lanuf nchini Libya. Sanalla alipandishwa cheo mara kadhaa hadi alipoteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa NOC mnamo mwaka 2014.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.libyatimes.net/profiles/16-mustafa-sanalla-the-man-who-is-trying-to-save-libya-s-oil|title=The Libya Times - Mustafa Sanalla: The Man Who is Trying to Save Libya's Oil|website=www.libyatimes.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814100918/http://www.libyatimes.net/profiles/16-mustafa-sanalla-the-man-who-is-trying-to-save-libya-s-oil|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-02-25|archivedate=2019-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814100918/http://www.libyatimes.net/profiles/16-mustafa-sanalla-the-man-who-is-trying-to-save-libya-s-oil}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/sanalla-mustafa/biography/|title=Mustafa Sanalla – The Roscongress Information and Analytical System|website=roscongress.org|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-date=2019-08-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814100918/https://roscongress.org/en/speakers/sanalla-mustafa/biography/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kama mwenyekiti, Sanalla amesaidia kudumisha uhuru wa NOC na kuongeza uzalishaji wa mafuta wa nchini Libya, ambao ulikua umevurugika tangu kutokea kwa vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Libya mwaka [[2011]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.ft.com/content/17e9ba82-5b94-11e9-9dde-7aedca0a081a|title=Libyan oil chief warns renewed fighting threatens production|date=11 April 2019|work=Financial Times|access-date=14 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814100917/https://www.ft.com/content/17e9ba82-5b94-11e9-9dde-7aedca0a081a|url-status=live}}</ref> Sanalla pia anajishughulisha na juhudi za kuvutia uwekezaji wa kimataifa katika sekta ya mafuta na gesi ya Libya.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2019/05/10/sanalla-holds-houston-meetings-in-us-60-billion-procurement-drive-to-increase-libyas-oil-production-to-2-1-mbpd-by-2023/|title=Sanalla holds Houston meetings in US$ 60-billion procurement drive to increase Libya's oil production to 2.1 mbpd by 2023|website=Libya Herald|language=en-US|access-date=2019-08-14|archive-date=2019-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822061539/https://www.libyaherald.com/2019/05/10/sanalla-holds-houston-meetings-in-us-60-billion-procurement-drive-to-increase-libyas-oil-production-to-2-1-mbpd-by-2023/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Julai 13, 2022 uteuzi wa bosi mpya mkuu wa Kampuni ya Kitaifa ya Mafuta (NOC), kampuni ya umma inayosimamia sekta ya nishati, chanzo kikuu cha fedha za kigeni nchini. Farhat Bengdara, gavana wa zamani wa Benki Kuu ya Libya, alichukua nafasi ya Mustafa Sanalla.[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/libye/libye-tripoli-remplace-le-patron-de-la-puissante-compagnie-nationale-du-petrole-au-coeur-de-rivalites-politiques_5256412.html] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:WikiVibrance Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Libya]] q2u7ulcr0crth7ibdg2hjz5lgbq8pk2 0 147256 1613820 1519363 2026-11-05T16:03:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Margaret Nankabirwa |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = 6 Julia 1987 |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Nsambya Uganda |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = Margaret Nankabirwa |anafahamika kwa = Mchezaji wa Badminton |kazi_yake = Mwanamichezo |nchi = Uganda }} '''Margaret Nankabirwa''' (alizaliwa [[6 Julai]] [[1987]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa badminton wa [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Players: Margaret Nankabirwa|url=http://bwfbadminton.com/player/73464/margaret-nankabirwa|work=bwfbadminton.com|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|accessdate=12 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Margaret Nankabirwa Full Profile|url=http://bwf.tournamentsoftware.com/profile/biography.aspx?id=90381BFF-BF20-4735-A777-A54C2DF1A058|work=bwf.tournamentsoftware.com|publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]]|accessdate=12 October 2016}} {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Nankabirwa alianza kucheza badminton [[mwaka]] [[2008]], akichochewa na mamake. Mnamo mwaka [[2010]], alishindana katika [[michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola huko [[New Delhi]], [[India]] na kushindwa na Alex Bruce wa [[Kanada]] katika raundi ya kwanza ya hafla ya wanawake wasio na wahusika. Mnamo mwaka wa [[2014]], alishindana huko [[Glasgow]], [[Uskoti]] akashinda katika raundi ya kwanza katika single za wanawake, mara mbili, na hafla iliyochanganywa ya watu wawili. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Shehan qualifies for 200m semis|url=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2010/10/10/spo01.asp|work=www.sundayobserver.lk|publisher=Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd|accessdate=12 October 2016|archivedate=2016-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013072258/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2010/10/10/spo01.asp}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Arusha Women in Wiki]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] tk4k48cmp9ae5cshegjago6sqshehrf 0 147412 1613797 1518539 2026-11-05T15:19:09Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613797 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Luisa Cuesta.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Luisa Cuesta (2005)]] '''Maria Luisa Cuesta Vila''' (Soriano, [[26 Mei]] [[1920]] - [[Montevideo]], [[21 Novemba]] [[2018]] <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay|author=ElPais|work=Diario EL PAIS Uruguay|language=spanish|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> ) alikuwa [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]] wa [[Uruguay]]. Alijitolea kuwatafuta wafungwa waliopotea wakati wa udikteta wa kijeshi wa Uruguay. Mwanawe Nebio Melo Cuesta alitoweka tangu wakati huo hadi leo. == Maisha == Alizaliwa huko Soriano, ambapo alifanya [[kazi]] katika semina ya karatasi na rangi hadi Juni [[1973]]. Mnamo tarehe [[28 Juni]], [[1973]] hadi [[Januari 31]], [[1974]] alifungwa na Kikosi cha Infantry No. 5. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.montevideo.com.uy/Noticias/Fallecio-Luisa-Cuesta-activista-por-los-Derechos-Humanos-Tenia-98-anos-uc702529|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta, activista por los Derechos Humanos. Tenía 98 años|work=Montevideo Portal|language=es|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> Mwanawe, Nebio Melo Cuesta, alienda uhamishoni [[Argentina]] pamoja na mkewe na binti yake. Mnamo [[1976]], Nebio alikamatwa huko Buenos Aires na kutoweka baadaye. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.portaltnu.com.uy/video.php?vid=1204|title=¿Quién es Luisa Cuesta?|work=www.portaltnu.com.uy|language=es|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay|author=ElPais|work=Diario EL PAIS Uruguay|language=spanish|accessdate=2020-03-10}}ElPais. [https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html "Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay"]. ''Diario EL PAIS Uruguay'' (in Spanish) [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Hii ilikuwa katika nyakati za udikteta wa Uruguay wa 1973-[[1985]]. Cuesta alihamia [[Uholanzi]] na [[familia]] yake yote mnamo [[1977]]. Alirejea mwaka [[1985]] baada ya uchaguzi mpya wa kidemokrasia uliofanyika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay|author=ElPais|work=Diario EL PAIS Uruguay|language=spanish|accessdate=2020-03-10}}ElPais. [https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html "Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay"]. ''Diario EL PAIS Uruguay'' (in Spanish) [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Miaka iliyofuata aliongoza kundi la familia za watu waliotoweka wakati wa udikteta wa Uruguay. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.portaltnu.com.uy/video.php?vid=1204|title=¿Quién es Luisa Cuesta?|work=www.portaltnu.com.uy|language=es|accessdate=2020-03-10}}[http://www.portaltnu.com.uy/video.php?vid=1204 "¿Quién es Luisa Cuesta?"]. ''www.portaltnu.com.uy'' (in Spanish) [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://cienciassociales.edu.uy/departamentos/fallecio-luisa-cuesta/|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta – Facultad de Ciencias Sociales|language=es|accessdate=2020-03-10}}</ref> Moja ya shughuli zake ni pamoja na kuongoza March of Silence gathering kila mwaka inayokusanya mamia ya watu nchini Uruguay. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/photos/uruguayans-march-for-disappeared--551195.html|title=Uruguayans march for ‘disappeared’|author=|first=|date=2014-05-21|work=ArabianBusiness.com|language=en|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-03-12}}</ref> Mnamo [[2012]] alitunukiwa jina la Raia Mtukufu na Manispaa ya Montevideo. Mwaka wa [[2013]] kwa mchango wake katika kupigania haki za binadamu alipokea cheo cha Daktari Honoris Causa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Jamhuri . <ref name=":1" /> Kituo cha kiraia huko Casavalle kilizinduliwa kwa jina lake mnamo [[2015]] na kinaendelea kuzaa jina lake leo. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html|title=Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay|author=ElPais|work=Diario EL PAIS Uruguay|language=spanish|accessdate=2020-03-10}}ElPais. [https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/sociedad/fallecio-luisa-cuesta-referente-busqueda-desaparecidos.html "Falleció Luisa Cuesta, referente de los derechos humanos en Uruguay"]. ''Diario EL PAIS Uruguay'' (in Spanish) Retrieved 2020-03-10 [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://municipiod.montevideo.gub.uy/centro-c%C3%ADvico-luisa-cuesta|title=Centro Cívico Luisa Cuesta|author=|first=|date=|work=municipiod.montevideo.gub.uy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312184158/http://municipiod.montevideo.gub.uy/centro-c%C3%ADvico-luisa-cuesta|archivedate=2020-03-12|accessdate=2020-03-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka huo huo alipata kiharusi na hakuweza kuhudhuria March of Silence. <ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uruguay]] gm9quv5qn8z42p9fqeimeeap874ihpf 0 148406 1614027 1528148 2026-11-05T20:54:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Inforbox uwanja wa michezo | jina = Uwanja wa Michezo wa Al Bayt | picha = Al Bayt Stadium.jpg | maelezo ya picha = Muonekano wa ndani wa uwanja | jina maarufu = The House Stadium | eneo = [[Al Khor]], [[Qatar]] | Ufunguzi = 30 Novemba 2021 | uwezo = 68,895 | aina ya nyasi = Nyasi asilia }} '''Uwanja wa Michezo wa Al Bayt''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: استاد البيت) Ni uwanja wa [[mpira wa miguu]] uliyopo ndani ya [[mji]] wa [[Al Khor]] nchini [[Qatar]]. Ni uwanja ambao utatumika katika mashindano ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] LA mwaka [[2022]] kuanzia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/revealed--firms-behind-construction-qatar-s-world-cup-stadiums-602613.html#.VcxR9PlVikp|title=Revealed: The firms behind the construction Qatar's World Cup stadiums|publisher=Arabian Business|author=Neha Bhatia|date=13 August 2015|accessdate=13 August 2015}}</ref> [[tarehe]] [[21 Novemba]] [[2022]] hadi [[18 Desemba]] 2022.<ref name="goal">{{cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en/lists/al-bayt-stadium-all-you-need-to-know-qatar-world-cup-venue/blt8c6361bc9f79eef5#cs457e92ddc8b4499b |title=Al Bayt Stadium: All you need to know about Qatar's new 2022 World Cup venue |publisher=goal.com |date=1 December 2021 |accessdate=2 March 2022}}</ref> Mkataba wa [[Ujenzi|ujenzi]] wa uwanja huu walipewa ''Webuild S.p.A'' na ''Cimolai'' mwaka [[2015]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/press/press-releases/salini-impregilo-to-build-a-stadium-for-qatar-2022.html/ |title=Salini Cimolai JV - News |access-date=5 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218012423/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/press/press-releases/salini-impregilo-to-build-a-stadium-for-qatar-2022.html |archive-date=18 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Education City Stadium awarded prestigious sustainability certificates|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/education-city-stadium-awarded-prestigious-sustainability-certificates|last=|first=|date=16 January 2020|website=FIFA|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116132249/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/education-city-stadium-awarded-prestigious-sustainability-certificates|archive-date=16 January 2020|access-date=18 May 2020|accessdate=2022-04-02|archivedate=2020-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715111351/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/education-city-stadium-awarded-prestigious-sustainability-certificates}}</ref> Uwanja huu upo takriban [[kilomita]] 35 kutoka [[Doha]]<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1142893503|title=Nation-branding in practice : the politics of promoting sports, cities and universities in Kazakhstan and Qatar|last=Eggeling|first=Kristin Anabel|date=2020|isbn=978-0-367-82157-9|location=Abingdon, Oxon|oclc=1142893503}}</ref>. ==Historia== Uzinduzi wa uwanja ulifanyika tarehe [[30 Novemba]] [[2021]], wakati wa [[sherehe]] za ufunguzi wa mwaka 2021 wa Kombe la Waarabu la FIFA (FIFA Arab Cup 2021). Baada ya mechi kati ya mwenyeji [[Timu ya taifa]] ya mpira wa miguu ya Qatar na timu ya [[Taifa]] ya mpira wa miguu ya [[Bahrain]] na mechi kumalizika kwa goli 1:0 goli ambalo lilifungwa kwa kichwa na [[Abdulaziz Hatem]] katika dakika ya 69 ya mchezo huo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/mens/arabcup/arabcup2021/news/follow-fifa-arab-cups-final-day |title=Algeria win the FIFA Arab Cup |publisher=fifa.com |date=18 December 2021 |accessdate=7 March 2022}}</ref> Hafla hii ilihudhuriwa na Amiri (mkuu wa nchi) ya Qatar, [[Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani]], Rais wa FIFA [[Gianni Infantino]], wakuu kadhaa wa nchi na mamlaka na marais kutoka vyama wanachama kufurahia sherehe za uzinduzi wa Uwanja huu wa Al Bayt na kuadhimisha ufunguzi rasmi wa kombe la fifa la [[Bara Arabu|Uarabuni]] 2021. Uwanja wa Al Bayt ulijengwa na kuchezewa mechi tano pamoja na mchezo wa fainali uliyochezwa tarehe 18 Desemba 2021 wakati wa Kombe la fifa la nchi za kiarabu mwaka 2021 . ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Viwanja vya michezo Qatar]] 1eo9uu45x5svi33lu5f29aiw7iqy81j 0 148452 1614047 1529342 2026-11-05T21:14:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614047 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|thumb|180px|right|Nembo ya Wikidata]] '''Wikidata''', ni grafu ya [[maarifa]] ya [[lugha]] mbalimbali iliyohaririwa kwa ushirikiano unaosimamiwa na [[taasisi]] ya [[Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|last=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=April 26, 2013|title=Welcome to Wikidata! Now what?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2013/apr/26/wikidata-launch|access-date=October 2, 2021}}</ref> Ni chanzo muhimu cha [[data]] wazi ambapo miradi ya Wikimedia kama vile [[Wikipedia]], na mtu mwingine yeyote, anaweza kutumia chini ya [[leseni]] ya "CC0 public domain". Wikidata ni wiki inayoendeshwa na [[programu]] ya [[MediaWiki]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/Pressemitteilungen/PM_3_12_Wikidata_EN |title=Data Revolution for Wikipedia |date=March 30, 2012 |publisher=Wikimedia Deutschland |access-date=September 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6AbXpDAbW?url=http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/Pressemitteilungen/PM_3_12_Wikidata_EN |archive-date=September 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2022-04-07 |archivedate=2012-09-11 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AbXpDAbW?url=http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/Pressemitteilungen/PM_3_12_Wikidata_EN }}</ref> na pia inaendeshwa na seti ya viendelezi vya grafu vya MediaWiki vinavyojulikana kama [[Wikibase]]. ==Dhana== [[Picha:Datamodel in Wikidata.svg|thumb|upright=2.74|center|Mchoro huu unaonyesha maneno muhimu zaidi yanayotumiwa katika Wikidata.]] Wikidata ni [[hifadhidata]] inayolenga hati na vipengee, vinavyowakilisha aina yoyote ya mada, dhana au kitu. Kila kipengee kimetengewa kitambulishi cha kipekee na endelevu chenye nambari kamili inayoanishwa na herufi kubwa Q, herufi hii inayojulikana kama "QID". Hii huwezesha maelezo ya kimsingi yanayohitajika ili kubainisha mada ambayo kipengee kinashughulikia kutafsiriwa bila kupendelea lugha yoyote. Mifano wa dhana, mtu au kitu ni pamoja na ''[[1988]] Summer Olympics (Q8470)'', ''love (Q316)'', ''[[Johnny Cash]] (Q42775)'', ''[[Elvis Presley]] (Q303)'', na ''[[Gorilla]] (Q36611)''. Lebo za dhana,[[mtu]] au kitu hazihitaji kuwa za kipekee. Kwa mfano, kuna vitu viwili vinavyoitwa "Elvis Presley": ''[[Elvis Presley]] (Q303)'', ambayo inawakilisha [[mwimbaji]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]], na ''[[Elvis Presley]] (Q610926)'', ambayo inawakilisha [[albamu]] yake binafsi. Hata hivyo, mchanganyiko wa lebo na maelezo yake lazima yawe ya kipekee. Ili kuepuka utata, kitambulishi cha kipekee cha kipengee ( ''QID'' ) kwa hivyo kimeunganishwa kwenye mseto huu. ===Sehemu kuu=== [[Picha:Wikidata layout Phase I.png|alt=Wikidata screenshot|center|700px|thumb|<br /><br />Mpangilio wa vipengele vinne vikuu vya ukurasa wa Wikidata wa awamu ya 1: lebo, maelezo, lakabu na viungo vya lugha..]] Kimsingi,hujumuisha vitu vifuatavyo: * Wajibu, [[Kitambulishi|kitambulisho]] (QID), kinachohusiana na lebo na maelezo. * Kwa hiari, lakabu nyingi na idadi fulani ya taarifa (na mali na maadili). == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wikimedia]] l484mojtg47iaua5blx6smlh54ueorf 0 149387 1613869 1521537 2026-11-05T17:37:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613869 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muziki wa Waka''' ni aina ya [[muziki]] wa [[Kiislamu]] wenye maadhi ya muziki wa [[Kiyoruba]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Waka|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000052710|access-date=2021-05-03|website=Grove Music Online|year=2001|language=en|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.52710|last1=Graham|first1=Ronnie}}</ref>. Ilifanywa kuwa maarufu na [[Batile Alake|Alhaja Batile Alake]] kutoka [[Ijebu Igbo|Ijebu]], ambaye alichukua aina hiyo katika muziki mkuu wa Kinigeria kwa kuucheza kwenye tamasha na karamu; pia, alikuwa mwimbaji wa waka music wa kwanza kurekodi albamu. Baadaye, waimbaji wachanga kama [[Salawa Abeni]] na Kuburatu Alaragbo walijiunga na kundi hilo. Mnamo mwaka [[1992]], Salawa Abeni alitawazwa kuwa ''Malkia wa Waka'' na Alafin wa Oyo, mtawala Oba na Lamidi Adeyemi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Queen Salawa Abeni|url=https://the234project.com/people/nigeria/queen-salawa-abeni/|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-04-30|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410052210/https://the234project.com/people/nigeria/queen-salawa-abeni/}}</ref> Waka music hauna uhusiano wowote na wimbo rasmi wa Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la mwaka [[2010]] uitwao Waka Waka ambao ni wimbo wa jadi wa askari wa Kiafrika kutoka [[Cameroon]]. ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Muziki wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:muziki wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] 6u8pzhykvy5nlcatrv3199zvz8spu9a 0 149789 1614023 1598985 2026-11-05T20:41:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 9 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614023 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Headies''' (hapo awali iliitwa '''Hip Hop World Awards''') ni onyesho la tuzo za muziki lililoanzishwa mwaka wa 2006 na Jarida la Hip Hop World la [[Nigeria]] ili kutambua mafanikio bora katika tasnia ya muziki ya Nigeria.<ref name = "Hip hop world magazine">{{cite web|title=Facts About Headie|url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/headie/|publisher=Hip hop world magazine|access-date=6 January 2014|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212130135/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/headie|archive-date=12 December 2013}}</ref> Sherehe ya kila mwaka huangazia maonyesho ya wasanii mashuhuri na watarajiwa..<ref name = "Hip hop world magazine"/> Inaonyeshwa moja kwa moja kwenye HipTV kwa watazamaji kote Nigeria.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/hip-tv-launch-24-hour-channel-october-18th | title=HIP TV TO LAUNCH 24 HOUR CHANNEL ON OCTOBER 18TH | publisher=Daily Times Nigeria | date=1 October 2013 | access-date=25 January 2014 | author=Olofinlua, Temitayo | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223004332/http://www.dailytimes.com.ng/article/hip-tv-launch-24-hour-channel-october-18th | archive-date=23 February 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Hafla ya 1 na 2 la The Headies lilifanyika katika Kituo cha Muson huko Onikan, Jimbo la Lagos. Kati ya 2010 na 2012, tuzo hizo zilifanyika katika Hoteli ya Eko na Suites katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos. Wanahabari kadhaa nchini Nigeria wameandaa hafla hiyo ya kila mwaka, wakiwemo Darey Art Alade, D'banj, Dakore Egbuson, Banky W., Rita Dominic, MI, Tiwa Savage na Dk SID. ==Historia na Bango == Picha ya The Headies iliundwa na Ayo Animashaun, the mwanzilishi wa tuzo hizo, na ilitolewa na Matthias Aragbada. Bamba la kwanza la Headie lilifanywa na Jide Adewoye. Inawakilisha "picha na kelele za kijana, mtu mahiri ambaye kipaji chake kinaweza kushindana na wasanii mashuhuri wa humu nchini na kimataifa kwa pamoja, lakini ambaye karibu amepoteza imani katika uwezo wake licha ya hali za kukatisha tamaa zinazowasilishwa na mazingira ya kipekee ya Nigeria." Mnamo 2008, bamba hilo lilifanywa upya nchini [[Uingereza]]. Ilikuwa imepambwa kwa dhahabu ya karati 21. Jalada jipya ni mchanganyiko wa resin, shaba, chuma, marumaru na dhahabu. <ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ - The Headies |url=http://theheadies.com/faq/ |publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine |access-date=27 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223405/http://theheadies.com/faq/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2022-07-23 |archivedate=2019-03-27 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327223405/http://theheadies.com/faq/ }}</ref><ref name = "Hip hop world magazine"/> Kufikia 2018, The Headies ina kategoria 25. Upigaji kura wazi huamua aina nyingi za tuzo. Hata hivyo, Rekodi Bora za Mwaka, Albamu Bora ya Rap, Utendaji Bora wa Sauti (Mwanamume), Utendaji Bora wa Sauti ([[Mwanamke]]), Mwimbaji wa Nyimbo kwenye Orodha, na Kategoria za Mwigizaji Bora zaidi haziko wazi kwa upigaji kura wa umma.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 2223"/> https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuzo_za_Headies ==Matukio Muhimu == ===Miaka ya 2000=== ===='''2006:'''==== Hafla ya 1 la Tuzo la Dunia la Hip Hop lilifanyika tarehe 10 Machi 2006, katika Ukumbi wa Shell wa Kituo cha MUSON huko Onikan, Lagos. Iliandaliwa na Darey Art Alade na kutambulishwa kwa nukuu: "Mapinduzi Yapo".<ref name="About the Headies" /> DJ Jimmy Jatt, Keke Ogungbe na Dayo 'D1' Adeneye walikuwa washindi pamoja wa tuzo ya Hall of Fame.<ref name="The Headies Winners" /> P-Square na Jude Okoye waliwashinda wenzao mwaka huo, na kutwaa tuzo tano.<ref name="The Headies Winners">{{cite web | url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners/ | title=Past Winners | publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine | access-date=6 February 2014 | url-status=unfit | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners | archive-date=27 December 2013 | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2013-12-27 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners }}</ref> ===='''2007:'''==== Hafla ya 2 la Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop liliandaliwa na D'banj na Tana. Ilifanyika tarehe 17 Machi 2007 katika Kituo cha Muson kwa mwaka wa pili mfululizo. Paul Play aliteuliwa kwa tuzo sita na kuishia kurudi nyumbani na nne.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners/ | title=Past Winners of HHWA | access-date=14 March 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners | archive-date=27 December 2013 | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2013-12-27 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners }}</ref> ====''' 2008:'''==== Hafla ya 3 la Tuzo za Ulimwengu za Hip Hop liliandaliwa na mcheshi Basketmouth na Nollywood mwigizaji wa Dakore Egbuson. Ilifanyika tarehe 15 Machi 2008 katika Planet One huko Maryland, Lagos¬.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200801280849.html | title=Nigeria: Hip Hop World Awards 2008 is Here! | publisher=allAfrica.com | date=26 January 2008 | access-date=11 March 2014 | author=Adekunle, Ayeni | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426010056/http://allafrica.com/stories/200801280849.html | archive-date=26 April 2008 | url-status=live }}</ref> Waanzilishi na wakuzaji walichagua mada "Mabadiliko yanapaswa Kubadilika". Karamu ya walioteuliwa ilifanyika Babeli, eneo la faragha la ufuo.<ref name="About the Headies" /> Mnamo 2008, bamba la The Headies liliwekwa karati 21 za dhahabu.<ref name="About the Headies">{{cite web | url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/about-2/ | title=About | publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine | access-date=31 January 2014 | url-status=unfit | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212152143/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/about-2 | archive-date=12 December 2013 | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2013-12-12 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212152143/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/about-2 }}</ref> Mwimbaji wa Nigeria-Ufaransa Aṣa alishinda tuzo 3, ikiwa ni pamoja na Albamu ya Mwaka kwa albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio. 2face Idibia alipata uteuzi mwingi zaidi akiwa na sita. Naeto C, Rooftop MCs, Cobhams Asuquo, Kween, Jo'zi, na P-Square wote walitumbuiza kwenye sherehe hiyo.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://worldhiphopmarket.com/the-hip-hop-world-awards/ | title=The Hip Hop World Awards | publisher=World Hip Hop Market | date=21 March 2008 | access-date=11 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312212503/http://worldhiphopmarket.com/the-hip-hop-world-awards/ | archive-date=12 March 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | title=Glitz and Flaws of HHWA 2008 | publisher=Modern Ghana | access-date=11 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055455/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> ====''' 2009:'''==== Hafla ya 4 la Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop liliandaliwa na Banky W. na Kemi Adetiba. Ilifanyika tarehe 16 Mei 2009 katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Kimataifa huko Abuja. Tuzo hizo zilifanyika nje ya Lagos kwa mara ya kwanza.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/04/29/hip-hop-world-awards-moves-out-of-lagos/ | title=Hip Hop World Awards Moves Out Of Lagos | publisher=[[P.M. News]] | date=29 April 2011 | access-date=10 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311030218/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/04/29/hip-hop-world-awards-moves-out-of-lagos/ | archive-date=11 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>Pati ya walioteuliwa kwa Hafla ya nne iliandaliwa Ajibogun, kijiji katika Jimbo la Ogun.<ref name="About the Headies 9ice alishinda jumla ya tuzo tatu kutoka kwa uteuzi sita. Phillip Trimnell alitwaa tuzo ya Hall of Fame.<ref">{{cite web | url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/4826/3/hip-hop-world-awards-2009-winners.html | title=Hip Hop World Awards 2009 winners | publisher=Modern Ghana | date=17 May 2009 | access-date=10 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415130721/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/4826/3/hip-hop-world-awards-2009-winners.html | archive-date=15 April 2011 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.jaguda.com/2009/05/17/hip-hop-world-awards-winners-naija/ | title=Hip Hop World Awards Winners – Naija | publisher=Jaguda | date=17 May 2009 | access-date=10 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022545/http://www.jaguda.com/2009/05/17/hip-hop-world-awards-winners-naija/ | archive-date=11 March 2014 | url-status=dead | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2014-03-11 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311022545/http://www.jaguda.com/2009/05/17/hip-hop-world-awards-winners-naija/ }}</ref> ====''' 2010: '''==== Hafla ya 5 la Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop lilifanyika tarehe 16 Mei 2009 katika Hoteli ya Eko na Suites katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos. Sherehe ilifanyika bila mwenyeji. Wande Coal alikuwa mshindi mkubwa zaidi wa usiku na plaques tano, ikiwa ni pamoja na Artiste of the Year.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/06/02/music-glamour-lots-of-yellow-as-wande-coal-da-grin-dominate-the-2010-hiphop-world-awards/ | title=Music, Glamour & Lots of Yellow as Wande Coal & Da Grin dominate the 2010 HipHop World Awards | publisher=Bellanaija | date=2 June 2010 | access-date=16 May 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517123528/http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/06/02/music-glamour-lots-of-yellow-as-wande-coal-da-grin-dominate-the-2010-hiphop-world-awards/ | archive-date=17 May 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Don Jazzy alishinda tuzo ya Mtayarishaji Bora wa Mwaka. Wana hip hop wawili Skuki walishinda kitengo cha Next Rated. Da Grinwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji alishinda kwa Albamu Bora ya Rap kwa mtindo wa baada ya kifo. Aliheshimiwa pia na Jenerali Pype wakati akitumbuiza jukwaani.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenet.ng/2010/05/hiphopworld-awards-to-honour-dagrin/ | title=Hiphopworld Awards To Honour Dagrin | publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today | date=10 May 2010 | access-date=16 May 2014 | author=Fagbule, Nike | author-link=Fagbule Olanike | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530064510/http://thenet.ng/2010/05/hiphopworld-awards-to-honour-dagrin/ | archive-date=30 May 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> ====''' 2011: '''==== Hafla ya 6 la Tuzo za Dunia za Hip Hop lilifanyika tarehe 22 Oktoba 2011 katika Hoteli ya Eko na Suites katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://fabmagazineonline.com/the-headies-2011-nominees-announced/ | title=The Headies 2011 Nominees Announced | publisher=Fab Magazine | date=2 August 2011 | access-date=28 February 2014 | author=Bilen-Onabanjo, Sinem | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301021524/http://fabmagazineonline.com/the-headies-2011-nominees-announced/ | archive-date=1 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Iliyoandaliwa na Rita Dominic na eLDee, jina la tuzo lilibadilishwa rasmi kuwa "The Headies".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/06/22/rita-dominic-eldee-host-the-headies/ | title=Rita Dominic, elDee Host The Headies | publisher=P.M. News | date=22 June 2011 | access-date=28 February 2014 | author=Arogundade, Funsho | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305104641/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/06/22/rita-dominic-eldee-host-the-headies/ | archive-date=5 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref>2face Idibia alishinda tuzo tatu, ikiwa ni pamoja mwanamuziki bora wa mwaka.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/21/24-hours-to-the-headies-dbanj-2face-whizkid-others-battle-for-honours/ | title=24 Hours To 'The Headies': D'banj, 2Face, Whizkid, Others Battle For Honours | publisher=P.M. News | date=21 October 2011 | access-date=28 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305111106/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/21/24-hours-to-the-headies-dbanj-2face-whizkid-others-battle-for-honours/ | archive-date=5 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Dareyya "The Way You Are" ilishinda kwa Single Bora ya R&B na Rekodi ya Mwaka. MI na Ice Prince walishinda tuzo mbili kila moja.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/26/2011-the-headies-2face-darey-mi-others-win-multiple-awards/ | title=2011 The Headies: 2Face, Darey, MI, Others Win Multiple Awards | publisher=[[P.M. News]] | date=26 October 2011 | access-date=28 February 2014 | author=Arogundade, Funsho | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221154526/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/26/2011-the-headies-2face-darey-mi-others-win-multiple-awards/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Don Jazzy na Dr SID wote walitwaa tuzo. Capital Femi aliondoka na tuzo ya Utendaji Bora wa Sauti (Mwanaume) . Wizkid alishinda kitengo cha Next Rated na akapokea Hyundai Sonata baadaye. Waje ndiye pekee mwanamke aliyetunukiwa tuzo. Tuzo ya Hall of Fame ilikwenda kwa Jùjú mwanamuziki Shina Peters. Jumla ya vibao vya dhahabu vya mkokoteni ishirini na moja vilitolewa.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/who-rules-the-headies/ | title=Who rules @ The Headies? | publisher=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]] | date=22 October 2011 | access-date=28 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307075220/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/who-rules-the-headies/ | archive-date=7 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.goldenicons.com/hip-hop-world-awards/ | title=The 2011 edition of the Hip-Hop World Awards – "The Headies" took place at the… | publisher=Golden Icons | access-date=28 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301032335/http://www.goldenicons.com/hip-hop-world-awards/ | archive-date=1 March 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> ===='''2012: '''==== Hafla ya 7 la The Headies liliandaliwa na MI na Omawumi. Sherehe hiyo ilifanyika tarehe 20 Oktoba 2012, katika Hoteli ya Eko na Suites katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/mtn-backs-the-headies/#!prettyPhoto | title=MTN backs The Headies | work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] | date=10 October 2012 | access-date=12 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222044918/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/mtn-backs-the-headies/#!prettyPhoto | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=live | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2014-02-22 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222044918/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/mtn-backs-the-headies/#!prettyPhoto }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/10/mtn-sponsors-2012-headies-award/ | title=MTN sponsors 2012 'Headies Award' | publisher=[[The Daily Independent (Lagos)|The Daily Independent]] | access-date=10 February 2014 | author=Wisdom, Patrick | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222154743/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2012/10/mtn-sponsors-2012-headies-award/ | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Waandaji waliotajwa hapo juu waliwasisimua mashabiki kwa wimbo wao unaoitwa "The Headies". Chidinma alifungua shoo hiyo kwa kutumbuiza wimbo wake "Kedike".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/winners-emerge-at-mtn-sponsored-headies-awards/ | title=Winners emerge at MTN sponsored Headies awards | work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]] | date=24 October 2012 | access-date=12 February 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222044915/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/winners-emerge-at-mtn-sponsored-headies-awards/ | archive-date=22 February 2014 | df=dmy-all | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2014-02-22 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222044915/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/entertainment/winners-emerge-at-mtn-sponsored-headies-awards/ }}</ref> Ndugu watatu (Peter, Paul, na Jude) walishinda jumla ya tuzo tatu. Tuzo ya Msanii Bora wa Mwaka ilienda kwa Wizkid. Tiwa Savage na Wande Coal walishinda kategoria za Utendaji Bora wa Kiume na Kike, mtawalia. Vector alishinda Tuzo Bora ya Rap Single na Mtunzi wa Nyimbo kwenye safu za Roll za "Angeli". Davido alishinda kitengo cha Next Rated na baadaye akatunukiwa Hyundai Sonata. The Headies walisherehekea kuungana tena kwa wanamuziki mashuhuri wa Nigeria kutoka miaka ya 80 na 90, wakiwemo Onyeka Onwenu, Oris Wiliki, Mike Okori, Baba Fryo, Shina Peters, Fatai Rolling Dollar na Daddy Showkey. Femi Kuti alitunukiwa tuzo ya Hall of Fame.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenet.ng/2012/10/psquare-wizkid-vector-emerge-top-winners-at-the-headies-2012/ | title=Psquare, Wizkid, Vector emerge top winners at The Headies 2012 | publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today | date=21 October 2012 | access-date=10 February 2014 | author=Alonge, Osagie | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214004859/http://thenet.ng/2012/10/psquare-wizkid-vector-emerge-top-winners-at-the-headies-2012/ | archive-date=14 February 2014 | url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== '''2013:''' ==== Hafla ya 8 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 26 Desemba 2013, katika Hoteli ya Oriental mjini Lagos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/12/27/the-headies-2013-first-photos-full-list-of-winners-olamide-phyno-davido-sean-tizzle-waje/ |title=The Headies 2013: First Photos & Full List of Winners: Olamide, Phyno, Davido, Sean Tizzle & Waje |publisher=Bella Naija |access-date=2014-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225226/http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/12/27/the-headies-2013-first-photos-full-list-of-winners-olamide-phyno-davido-sean-tizzle-waje/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> Onyesho hilo lilisimamiwa na Tiwa Savage na Dk SID. Olamide ndiye aliyeshinda tuzo nyingi zaidi za usiku huo, akishinda tuzo tatu kutoka kwa uteuzi saba. Phyno alishinda kitengo cha Best Rap Single kwa wimbo wake "Man of the Year". D'Tunes, Praiz, na Blackmagic zote zilishinda kwa mara ya kwanza. Sean Tizzle alishinda kitengo cha Next Rated na baadaye akatunukiwa Hyundai Tucson.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/olamide-heads-the-headies/167539/ | title=Olamide Heads The Headies | publisher=[[Thisday]] | date=29 December 2013 | access-date=10 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071232/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/olamide-heads-the-headies/167539/ | archive-date=22 February 2014 | url-status=dead | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2014-02-22 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071232/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/olamide-heads-the-headies/167539/ }}</ref> Davido alitwaa tuzo mbili, ikiwa ni pamoja na Albamu Bora ya R&B/Pop ya Omo Baba Olowo. Iyanya alipokea tu tuzo moja kutoka kwa uteuzi tano. Msanii mkongwe wa Fuji Wasiu Ayinde Marshall aliingizwa kwenye Headies hall of fame.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ynaija.com/how-olamide-waje-iyanya-others-fare-at-the-headies-2013-full-list-of-winners/ | title=How Olamide, Waje, Iyanya others fared at the Headies 2013 (Full list of winners) | publisher=[[YNaija]] | date=27 December 2013 | access-date=10 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201130231/http://www.ynaija.com/how-olamide-waje-iyanya-others-fare-at-the-headies-2013-full-list-of-winners/ | archive-date=1 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> 2 Face Idibia, Banky W., Waje, Nikki Laoye, Mode 9, Dr SID na Kcee wote walienda nyumbani na bamba. HarrysongWimbo wa Nelson Mandela, unaoitwa "Mandela", ulishinda tuzo ya Most Downloaded Callertune.<ref name="P.M. News - 27 December 2013 - Olamide, Phyno, Win Big At The Headies 2013">{{cite news|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/12/27/olamide-phyno-win-big-at-the-headies-2013/|title=Olamide, Phyno, Win Big At The Headies 2013|date=27 December 2013|work=[[P.M. News]]|access-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040437/http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/12/27/olamide-phyno-win-big-at-the-headies-2013/|archive-date=6 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ===='''2014:''' ==== Hafla ya 9 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 14 Desemba 2014, katika Hoteli ya Eko na Suites katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos. Mandhari ya "Feel the Passion", kipindi Toke Makinwa na Basketmouth.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/bovi-toke-makinwa-to-host-headies-2014/ | title=Bovi, Toke Makinwa to host Headies 2014 | publisher=The Nation | access-date=17 October 2014 | author=Ayinla-Olasunkanmi, Dupe | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021062158/http://thenationonlineng.net/new/bovi-toke-makinwa-to-host-headies-2014/ | archive-date=21 October 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Awali ilipangwa kufanyika tarehe 25 Oktoba 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Headies 2014 moved to December|url=http://dailypost.ng/music/2014/10/15/headies-2014-moved/|publisher=Daily Post Newspaper|access-date=17 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021191835/http://dailypost.ng/music/2014/10/15/headies-2014-moved/|archive-date=21 October 2014|url-status=dead|accessdate=2022-07-23|archivedate=2014-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021191835/http://dailypost.ng/music/2014/10/15/headies-2014-moved/}}</ref> Bovi alitangazwa kuwa mmoja wa waandaaji, lakini aliishia kutokuwa mwenyeji kutokana na kupangiwa shoo nyingine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Bovi Did Not Host the Headies 2014|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201501050586.html|website=allAfrica|publisher=Vanguard|access-date=20 February 2015|date=3 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220064745/http://allafrica.com/stories/201501050586.html|archive-date=20 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Tarehe 30 Septemba 2014, uteuzi ulitangazwa wakati wa mkutano na waandishi wa habari katika ofisi ya HipTV huko Allen, Lagos. Kcee, Olamide na Phyno waliongoza uteuzi huo wakiwa na watano kila mmoja.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/kcee-olamide-phyno-lead-headies-nominees/190567/ | title=KCEE, OLAMIDE, PHYNO LEAD HEADIES NOMINEES | publisher=This Day | date=5 October 2014 | access-date=17 October 2014 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205195414/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/kcee-olamide-phyno-lead-headies-nominees/190567/ | archive-date=5 December 2014 | df=dmy-all | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2014-12-05 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205195414/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/kcee-olamide-phyno-lead-headies-nominees/190567/ }}</ref> Tiwa Savage, Oritse Femi na The Mavins walifuata kwa karibu na wanne kila mmoja.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201409290135.html | title=Nigeria: Toke Makinwa, Bovi to Host Headies 2014 | publisher=Daily Independent | work=allAfrica.com | date=27 September 2014 | access-date=17 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224193747/http://allafrica.com/stories/201409290135.html | archive-date=24 December 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Yemi Alade aliteuliwa kwa Wimbo Bora wa Mwaka, Pop Bora Single na Next Rated.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://businessdayonline.com/2014/10/the-headies-unveils-2014-nominees/#.VECS_ildVz0 | title=The Headies unveils 2014 nominees | publisher=Business Day | date=10 October 2014 | access-date=17 October 2014 | author=Ochugba, Mary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028165724/http://businessdayonline.com/2014/10/the-headies-unveils-2014-nominees/#.VECS_ildVz0 | archive-date=28 October 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> Olamide, Patoranking na Davido kila mmoja alitwaa tuzo mbili kila mmoja. Don Jazzy alishinda kibao cha Mtayarishaji Bora wa Mwaka, huku Sir Victor Uwaifo akipata kutambuliwa kwenye hall of fame.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nigeria: Headies 2014 – Davido, Olamide, Patoranking, Mavins Win Big, Wizkid Missing|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201412152201.html|publisher=allAfrica|access-date=16 December 2014|date=15 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216235909/http://allafrica.com/stories/201412152201.html|archive-date=16 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== '''2015:''' ==== Hafla ya 10 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 1 Januari 2016 katika Kituo cha Matukio cha Landmark katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenet.ng/2015/12/breaking-news-the-headies-moved-to-new-years-day/|title=Breaking News: The Headies moved to New Year's Day|work=[[Nigeria Entertainment Today]]|last=Ige|first=Victoria|date=28 December 2015|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131200456/http://www.thenet.ng/2015/12/breaking-news-the-headies-moved-to-new-years-day/|archive-date=31 January 2016|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-07-23|archivedate=2016-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131200456/http://www.thenet.ng/2015/12/breaking-news-the-headies-moved-to-new-years-day/}}</ref> Mandhari "Flip the Script", tukio liliandaliwa na Bovi na Kaffy. Hapo awali ilipangwa kufanyika tarehe 30 Desemba 2015 lakini waandaji wa hafla hiyo waliiahirisha hadi Januari 1, 2016 bila kutaja sababu yoyote.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynaija.com/the-headies-awards-2015-2016-postponed/|title=The Headies Awards 2015 postponed to 2016|work=[[YNaija]]|last=Peters|first=Oreoluwa|date=28 December 2015|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129003516/http://ynaija.com/the-headies-awards-2015-2016-postponed/|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Olamide alishinda jumla ya tuzo nne, huku Timi Dakolo akishinda tatu. Wizkid aliteuliwa mara saba katika vipengele ishirini na moja vya tuzo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.leadership.ng/entertainment/489430/olamide-timi-dakolo-ycee-win-big-headies-2015|title=Olamide, Timi Dakolo, YCee Win Big At HEADIES 2015|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Newspaper]]|last=Abulude|first=Samuel|date=6 January 2016|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129081859/http://www.leadership.ng/entertainment/489430/olamide-timi-dakolo-ycee-win-big-headies-2015|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> 2face Idibia alitunukiwa tuzo ya Hall of Fame, huku Don Jazzy akipokea tuzo ya Utambuzi Maalum. Recado Banks alishinda tuzo ya Next Rated.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Kehinde Ajose |title=The Headies 2015: Beyond the controversy! |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/the-headies-2015-beyond-the-controversy/ |publisher=Vanguard |access-date=3 March 2019 |date=9 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022107/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/01/the-headies-2015-beyond-the-controversy/ |archive-date=29 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ushindi wake ulikosolewa na wakosoaji wa muziki, ambao walipinga "usawa wa mchakato wa tuzo".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.naij.com/684336-famous-dj-reacts-to-controversial-headies-awards-makes-stunning-revelations.html|title=DJ Timmy Blasts Headies Over Controversial 'Next Rated' Award|work=[[Naij]]|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009084624/https://www.naij.com/684336-famous-dj-reacts-to-controversial-headies-awards-makes-stunning-revelations.html|archive-date=9 October 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://infotrust.com.ng/headies-next-rated-artiste-2015-the-pretended-and-contender/|title=Pretender and the Contender Headies Next Rated Artiste 2015: The Pretender and the Contender|work=Info Trust News|last=Sofowora|first=Oladapo|date=17 November 2015|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129002833/https://infotrust.com.ng/headies-next-rated-artiste-2015-the-pretended-and-contender/|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=live|accessdate=2022-07-23|archivedate=2016-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129002833/https://infotrust.com.ng/headies-next-rated-artiste-2015-the-pretended-and-contender/}}</ref> ==== '''2016:''' ==== Hafla ya 11 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 22 Desemba 2016 katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Eko katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos.<ref>{{cite web |title=Headies 2016 Awards : The winners are… |url=https://punchng.com/headies-2016-winners/ |publisher=Punch |access-date=11 March 2019 |date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044247/https://punchng.com/headies-2016-winners/ |archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mandhari ya "Fikiria, Unda, Unda Upya", tukio liliandaliwa na Adesua Etomi na Falz. Walioteuliwa walitangazwa na waandaaji wa tuzo mnamo Novemba 2016.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Oludolapo Adelana |title=Full list of nominees for the 2016 Headies Awards |url=https://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/ |publisher=YNaija |access-date=11 March 2019 |date=9 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105131322/http://ynaija.com/full-list-of-nominees-for-the-2016-headies-awards/ |archive-date=5 January 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Tekno aliteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Next Rated, lakini akaishia kutohitimu kutokana na kukataa kuheshimu kitengo na kuunga mkono kampeni. Jazzman Olofin na Adewale Ayuba kwa pamoja waliimba wimbo "Rase the Roof". Aramide alitumbuiza wimbo wake "Funmi Lowo" kwa usaidizi kutoka kwa Ras Kimono.<ref>{{cite web |title=Live updates from the Nigerian music awards ceremony |url=https://www.pulse.ng/headies-2016-live-updates-from-the-nigerian-music-awards-ceremony/gt0kc28 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=11 March 2019 |date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529010103/https://www.pulse.ng/headies-2016-live-updates-from-the-nigerian-music-awards-ceremony/gt0kc28 |archive-date=29 May 2019 |url-status=dead |accessdate=2022-07-23 |archivedate=2019-05-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529010103/https://www.pulse.ng/headies-2016-live-updates-from-the-nigerian-music-awards-ceremony/gt0kc28 }}</ref> Sherehe hiyo pia iliangazia maonyesho ya ziada kutoka kwa Falz, 2Baba, Seyi Shay na Flavour. Olamide alishinda uteuzi nane na kushinda jumla ya nne, ikiwa ni pamoja na Best Rap Single kwa wimbo wake "Eyan Mayweather". Bw Eazi alishinda kitengo cha Next Rated na alitunukiwa gari la SUV baadaye. Mayorkun aliwaangusha Kete Ailes na Koker kwa tuzo ya Rookie of the Year. Laolu Akins alitunukiwa tuzo ya Hall of Fame, huku Flavour akipokea tuzo ya Utambuzi Maalum.<ref>{{cite web |title=Full list of Headies 2016 winners |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/full-list-headies-2016-winners/ |publisher=Vanguard |access-date=11 March 2019 |date=23 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629022023/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/full-list-headies-2016-winners/ |archive-date=29 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== '''2018:''' ==== Hafla ya 12 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 5 Mei 2018 katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Eko katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Billy Praise |title=The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners. |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |publisher=Guardian Life |access-date=16 March 2019 |date=5 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042759/https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mchekeshaji wa Nigeria Bovi na mwimbaji Seyi Shay waliandaa sherehe hiyo.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Murtala Abubakar |title=Bovi and Seyi Shay unveiled as hosts of Headies 2018 |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/bovi-seyi-shay-hosts-headies/ |publisher=The Cable Lifestyle |access-date=16 March 2019 |date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328044304/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/bovi-seyi-shay-hosts-headies/ |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> Baada ya kuorodhesha maelfu ya maingizo yaliyowasilishwa katika kipindi cha ustahiki, waandaaji wa hafla hiyo walitangaza walioteuliwa mnamo Aprili 2018. Pia walitangaza kuongezwa kwa kategoria tatu: Chaguo la Mtazamaji, Mwigizaji Bora na mshawishi bora katika tasnia.<ref name="Pulse Nigeria 2223">{{cite web |author1=Ben Bassey |title=Davido, Wizkid, Simi lead nominees list |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2018-davido-wizkid-simi-lead-nominees-list/v8vsdt3 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=16 March 2019 |date=13 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031451/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2018-davido-wizkid-simi-lead-nominees-list/v8vsdt3 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Simi aliongoza kwa uteuzi huo akiwa na 7, akifuatiwa na Wizkid na Davido walioshinda 6 kila mmoja. Sherehe hiyo iliangazia maonyesho kutoka kwa wasanii kadhaa, wakiwemo Falz, Mr Real, Simi, na Danfo Drivers. Pulse Nigeria ilisifu utayarishaji wa sauti wa tuzo hiyo na muundo wa jukwaa.<ref>{{cite web |author1=Ayomide Tayo |title=Nigeria's most prestigious music award ceremony bounces back with a strong showing |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2018-nigerias-most-prestigious-music-award-ceremony-bounces-back-with-a/rq3wkp2 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=16 March 2019 |date=6 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328031455/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2018-nigerias-most-prestigious-music-award-ceremony-bounces-back-with-a/rq3wkp2 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Davido, Wizkid na Simi walishinda tuzo nyingi zaidi kwa 3 kila moja. Mayorkun alishinda tuzo ya Next Rated, Dice Ailes, Maleek Berry na Johnny Drille.<ref>{{cite web |title=REVIEW: #Headies2018 Was A Glorious Comeback That Wasn't Without Blemish |url=https://tns.ng/review-headies2018-was-a-glorious-comeback-that-wasnt-without-blemish/ |publisher=TNS |access-date=16 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042754/https://tns.ng/review-headies2018-was-a-glorious-comeback-that-wasnt-without-blemish/ |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== '''2019:''' ==== Hafla ya 13 la The Headies lilifanyika tarehe 19 Oktoba 2019 katika Kituo cha Mikutano cha Eko katika Kisiwa cha Victoria, Lagos. Sherehe hiyo yenye mada ya "Nguvu ya Ndoto", iliendeshwa na rapa wa Nigeria Reminisce na mwigizaji/ mtangazaji Nancy Isime.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/full-list-of-winners-at-headies-2019|title=Full list of winners at Headies 2019|date=21 October 2019|access-date=23 October 2019|website=The Nation Newspapers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022181823/https://thenationonlineng.net/full-list-of-winners-at-headies-2019/|archive-date=22 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author1=Motolani Alake|title=Reminisce and Nancy Isime to host 2019 Headies|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/reminisce-and-nancy-isime-to-host-2019-headies/v9923l8|publisher=Pulse NG|access-date=23 October 2019|date=15 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023103307/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/reminisce-and-nancy-isime-to-host-2019-headies/v9923l8|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Baada ya kuorodhesha maelfu ya maingizo yaliyowasilishwa kati ya Januari 2018 na Juni 2019, waandalizi wa hafla hiyo walitangaza walioteuliwa tarehe 1 Oktoba 2019.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Fikayo Olowolagba|title=Burna Boy, Teni lead as Headies releases 2019 nominee list|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/10/01/burna-boy-teni-lead-headies-releases-2019-nominee-list|publisher=Dailypost NG|access-date=23 October 2019|date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023103308/https://dailypost.ng/2019/10/01/burna-boy-teni-lead-headies-releases-2019-nominee-list|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}<nowiki></ref Burna Boy aliweka rekodi ya kuteuliwa mara nyingi zaidi kwa usiku mmoja kwa kuteuliwa mara 10.<ref></nowiki>{{cite web|url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/10/02/2019-headies-awards-burna-boy-makes-history-with-10-nominations|title=2019 Headies Awards: Burna Boy Makes History With 10 Nominations|date=2 October 2019|access-date=23 October 2019|website=Channels Television|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023103722/https://www.channelstv.com/2019/10/02/2019-headies-awards-burna-boy-makes-history-with-10-nominations|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Teni alifuatia akiwa na 6 na Wizkid 5. Sherehe hiyo ilishirikisha wasanii kadhaa, wakiwemo Styl-Plus, Sunny Neji, Duncan Mighty, Teni na Victor AD.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Motolani Alake|title=Falz, Burna Boy, Teni, Rema and other talking points from Headies 2019|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/falz-burna-boy-teni-rema-and-other-talking-points-from-headies-2019/8gb78ng|publisher=Pulse NG|access-date=23 October 2019|date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021235624/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/falz-burna-boy-teni-rema-and-other-talking-points-from-headies-2019/8gb78ng|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</refTeni alishinda tuzo nyingi zaidi kwa 4. Rema alishinda tuzo ya Next Rated , Fireboy DML, Joeboy, Lyta, Victor AD na Zlatan Ibile.<nowiki><ref></nowiki>{{cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-headies-2019-rema-emerges-the-next-rated-artist-of-the-year|title=BREAKING: Headies 2019: Rema emerges the next-rated artist of the year|date=20 October 2019|access-date=23 October 2019|website=The Nation Newspapers|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023103314/https://thenationonlineng.net/breaking-headies-2019-rema-emerges-the-next-rated-artist-of-the-year/|archive-date=23 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== '''2020:''' ==== Hafla ya 14 la The Headies<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=See full list of Headies 2020 award nomination|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-55040703|access-date=2021-02-23}}</ref> lilifanyika tarehe 21 Februari 2021 katika Hoteli ya La Campagne Tropicana Beach huko Ibeju-Lekki. Waandaaji wa hafla hiyo walitangaza kuwa mwigizaji na mwigizaji wa TV Nancy Isime na mcheshi Bovi ndio waandaji.<ref name=":0" /> Hii ni mara ya nne kwa Bovi kuandaa hafla hiyo, huku Nancy akiwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuandaa hafla hiyo kwa mara ya pili. ==Mahali== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |- |bgcolor=#EEDD82 colspan=7 align=center|<span style="color:black;">'''Tuzo za Headies, Tarehe na mahali zilipofanyika'''</span> |- !# !Mwaka !Tarehe !Jiji !Ukumbi !Mshereheshaji !Marejeo |- |1 |2006 |10 Machi |rowspan="2"|Onikan, Lagos |rowspan="2"|MUSON Centre ||Dare Art Alade |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners/ | title=Past Winners | publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine | access-date=31 January 2014 | url-status=unfit | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners | archive-date=27 December 2013 | accessdate=2022-07-23 | archivedate=2013-12-27 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227045424/http://hiphopworldmagazine.com/theheadies/past-winners }}</ref> |- |2 |Tuzo za Headies 2007 |17 Machi |Tana Adelana na D'banj |rowspan="1"|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/838/3/hip-hop-awards-2007.html | title=HIP HOP AWARDS 2007 | publisher=Modern Ghana | date=26 March 2007 | access-date=29 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003622/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/838/3/hip-hop-awards-2007.html | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |3 |Tuzo za Headies 2008 |15 Machi | Maryland, Lagos |Planet One |Basketmouth na Dakore Akande|Dakore Egbuson |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | title=The glitz, rewards and flaws of Hip-Hop World Awards 2008 | publisher=Modern Ghana | date=23 March 2008 | access-date=31 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055455/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |4 |Tuzo za Headies 2009 |16 Mei |Abuja, Nigeria |Abuja International Conference Centre |Banky W. and Kemi Adetiba |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvmusic/6698/3/hip-hop-world-awards-2009-winners.html | title=Hip Hop World Awards 2009 winners | publisher=The Nigerian Voice | date=17 May 2009 | access-date=31 January 2014|url-status=unfit|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222220132/http://www.thenigerianvoice.com/nvmusic/6698/3/hip-hop-world-awards-2009-winners.html|archive-date=22 February 2014}}</ref> |- |5 |Tuzo za Headies 2010 |29 Mei |rowspan="7"|Visiwa vya Victoria, Lagos |rowspan="3"|Eko Hotel and Suites |{{n/a}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.informationng.com/2010/06/winners-of-hip-hop-world-awards-2010.html | title=Winners of Hip Hop World Awards 2010 | publisher=Information Nigeria | date=1 June 2010 | access-date=31 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105022612/http://www.informationng.com/2010/06/winners-of-hip-hop-world-awards-2010.html | archive-date=5 January 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |6 |Tuzo za Headies 2011 |22 Oktoba |Rita Dominic na eLDee |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/26/2011-the-headies-2face-darey-mi-others-win-multiple-awards/ | title=2011 The Headies: 2Face, Darey, MI, Others Win Multiple Awards | publisher=PM News Nigeria | date=26 October 2013 | access-date=29 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221154526/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2011/10/26/2011-the-headies-2face-darey-mi-others-win-multiple-awards/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |7 |Tuzo za Headies 2012 |20 Oktoba |M.I Abaga|M.I naOmawumi |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/10/24/the-headies-2012-awards-psquare-wizkid-vector-shine/ | title=THE HEADIES 2012 AWARDS: PSquare, Wizkid, Vector Shine | publisher=P.M. News | date=24 October 2012 | access-date=29 January 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221153020/http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/10/24/the-headies-2012-awards-psquare-wizkid-vector-shine/ | archive-date=21 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |8 |Tuzo za Headies 2013 |26 Disemba |Oriental Hotel |Tiwa Savage and Dr SID |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php/art/arts/143044-the-headies-2013-interrogating-winners-losers | archive-url=https://archive.today/20140208033151/http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/index.php/art/arts/143044-the-headies-2013-interrogating-winners-losers | url-status=dead | archive-date=8 February 2014 | title=The Headies 2013... Interrogating winners, losers | publisher=The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian | date=10 January 2014 | access-date=29 January 2014 | author=Nwanne, Chuks }}</ref> |- |9 |Tuzo za Headies 2014 |14 Disemba |Eko Hotel and Suites |Toke Makinwa na Basketmouth |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://businessdayonline.com/2014/10/the-headies-unveils-2014-nominees/#.VECS_ildVz0 | title=The Headies unveils 2014 nominees | publisher=Business Day | date=10 October 2014 | access-date=17 October 2014 | author=Ochugba, Mary | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028165724/http://businessdayonline.com/2014/10/the-headies-unveils-2014-nominees/#.VECS_ildVz0 | archive-date=28 October 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |10 |Tuzo za Headies 2015 |1 Januari 2016 |Landmark Events Centre |Bovi naKaffy |<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.leadership.ng/entertainment/489430/olamide-timi-dakolo-ycee-win-big-headies-2015|title=Olamide, Timi Dakolo, YCee Win Big at HEADIES 2015|work=Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership Newspaper|last=Abulude|first=Samuel|date=6 January 2016|access-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129081859/http://www.leadership.ng/entertainment/489430/olamide-timi-dakolo-ycee-win-big-headies-2015|archive-date=29 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |11 |Tuzo za Headies 2016 |22 Disemba |Eko Convention Center |Falz na Adesua Etomi |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/full-list-headies-2016-winners/ |title=Full list of Headies 2016 winners |date=December 23, 2016 |website=Vanguard |access-date=2018-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180508054111/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/full-list-headies-2016-winners/ |archive-date=8 May 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |{{n/a|}} |2017 |Hakukua na Hafla |- |12 |Tuzo za Headies 2018 |6 Mei |rowspan="2"|Visiwa vya Victoria, Lagos | rowspan="2" |Eko Convention Center |Bovi and Seyi Shay |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |title=The HEADIES 2018: Full List Of Winners |last=Billy |first=Praise |date=May 5, 2018 |website=Guardian |access-date=2018-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328042759/https://guardian.ng/life/music/the-headies-2018-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=28 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |13 |Tuzo za Headies 2019 |19 Oktoba |Nancy Isime na Reminisce (musician)|Reminisce |<ref name=":0">{{cite web |author1=Gbenga Bada |title=Headies 2019: Here are all the winners at the 13th edition of music award |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-13th-edition-of-music-award/peegxqv |publisher=Pulse Nigeria |access-date=20 October 2019 |date=October 20, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019214705/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/headies-2019-here-are-all-the-winners-at-13th-edition-of-music-award/peegxqv |archive-date=19 October 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |14 |Tuzo za Headies 2020 |21 Februari 2021 |Ibeju Lekki, Lagos |La Campagne Tropicana Beach Resort |Bovi na Nancy Isime |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Silas|first=Don|date=2021-02-21|title=14th Headies award: All you need to know about Davido, Fireboy, Burna Boy, other nominations|url=https://dailypost.ng/2021/02/21/14th-headies-award-all-you-need-to-know-about-davido-fireboy-burna-boy-other-nominations/|access-date=2021-02-21|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|title=2020 Headies Award go dey different, see why and how you fit watch am|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-56136711|access-date=2021-02-26}}</ref> |- |{{n/a|}} |2021 |Hakukua na Hafla |- |15 |Tuzo za Headies 2022 |2 Julai 2022 |Atlanta, Marekani |Cobb Energy Performing Arts Centre | |<ref>{{cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=24 May 2022 |title=Headies 2022: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/headies-2022-all-nominees |access-date=2022-05-26 |work=musicinafrica.net}}</ref> |} == Kategoria za tuzo == ===Kategoria za sasa=== {{col-begin}} {{col-2}} ;Za kupigiwa Kura *Tuzo za Headies, nyimbo bora ya rap <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, wimbo borw wa mwaka <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora wa kushirikiana <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, albamu bora ya mwaka<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora namba 2 for Next Rated|Next Rated <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, hip hop maudhui bora <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtayarashija bora wa mwaka <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies,, msanii bora wa mwaka Year <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtayarishaji bora wa video <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mwanamuziki bora wa mwaka<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, albamu bora yam waka miondoko ya R&B/Pop<small>(2006; 2008–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mwanamuziki bora wa mwaka kutoka mitaani <small>(2009–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora miondoko ya R&B <small>(2010–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora miondoko ya Pop<small>(2010–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, msanii bora chipukizi<small>(2012–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, chaguo la mashabiki<small>(2018–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora miondoko ya Afrobeat Pop <small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, albamu bora yam waka, miondoko ya Afrobeat Pop Album <small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora wa kushirikiana Afrika <small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, wimbo bora wa kushirikiana kimataifa<small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, mwanamuziki bora wa mwaka<small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, msimamiaji bora wa mwaka<small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, mwanamuziki bora wa mwaka kimataifa<small> (2022–Hadi sasa)</small> * Tuzo za Headies, msimamiaji bora wa muziki wa mwaka<small>(2022–Hadi sasa)</small> {{col-2}} ;Zisizopigiwa Kura *Tuzo za Headies, rekodi bora ya mwaka<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, albamu bora ya Rap<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtumbuizaji bora wa kike kwa kuimba <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtumbuizaji bora wa kiume kwa kuimba<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtunzi bora wa nyimbo <small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo za Headies, mtumbuizaji bora wa mwaka<small>(2018–Hadi sasa)</small> ;Mengineyo *Tuzo za Headies Hall of Fame<small>(2006–Hadi sasa)</small> *Tuzo ya utambuzi maalum <small>(2015–Hadi sasa)</small> {{col-end}} ===Kategoria za Tuzo za mwanzo=== {| class ="wikitable" |colspan="5" style="font-size:110%"| |- !Mwaka !Mshindi !Matokeo !Marejeo |- |2006 |''Take Control'' wimbo wa Marvellous Benji |Mshindi |<ref>{{cite web |title=Winners - The Headies |url=http://theheadies.com/winners/?years=2006 |publisher=Hip Hop World Magazine |access-date=9 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309171224/http://theheadies.com/winners/?years=2006 |archive-date=9 March 2019 |accessdate=2022-07-23 |archivedate=2019-03-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309171224/http://theheadies.com/winners/?years=2006 }}</ref> |- |rowspan="6"|Tuzo za Headies 2007 |''Versatile'' wimbo wa Baba Dee |Mshindi |rowspan="6"| |- |''Little Patience'' wimbo wa Majek Fashek |Mshiriki |- |''Let It Go'' wimbo wa Spy Da Man |Mshiriki |- |''Conscious News'' wimbo wa Righteousman |Mshiriki |- |''Reflex'' wimbo wa Azadus |Mshiriki |- |''Ghetto Philosophy'' wimbo wa Streetmonks |Mshiriki |- |rowspan="3"|Tuzo za Headies 2008 |''True Story'' wimbo wa Timaya |Mshindi |rowspan="3"|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | title=Glitz and Flaws of HHWA 2008 | publisher=Modern Ghana | access-date=11 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055455/http://www.modernghana.com/movie/2152/3/the-glitz-rewards-and-flaws-of-hip-hop-world-award.html | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |''Uchie'' wimbo wa African Rockstar |Mshiriki |- |''Fever'' wimbo wa African China |Mshiriki |- |rowspan="4"|Tuzo za Headies 2009 |''Gift and Grace'' wimbo wa Timaya |Mshindi |rowspan="4"|<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2009/03/10/hiphop-world-awards-2009-nominees-announced/ | title=HipHop World Awards 2009 Nominees Announced | publisher=Bellanaija | date=10 March 2009 | access-date=10 March 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402072648/http://www.bellanaija.com/2009/03/10/hiphop-world-awards-2009-nominees-announced/ | archive-date=2 April 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |''Me Musiq and I'' wimbo wa Blackface Naija|Blackface |Mshiriki |- |''Ichiban'' wimbo wa Chakka Da' Souljah |Mshiriki |- |''My Shine'' wimbo wa Black Solo |Mshiriki |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |2006 |"Street Hop" wimbo wa Thoroughbreds |Mshindi | |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |rowspan="6"|Tuzo za Headies 2007 |''After the Storm'' wimbo wa Weird MC |Mshindi |rowspan="6"| |- |''Run Down'' wimbo wa D'banj |Mshiriki |- |''Naija is Blessed'' wimbo wa Soul E |Mshiriki |- |''Free Soldier''wimbo wa Tony Tetuila |Mshiriki |- |''Mr Funky'' wimbo wa Jazzman Olofin |Mshiriki |- |''Right and Wrong'' wimbo wa Mr Raw |Mshiriki |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |rowspan="5"|Tuzo za Headies 2007 |''Hitsville'' wimbo wa Paul Play |Mshindi |rowspan="5"| |- |''From Me to You'' wimbo wa Darey |Mshiriki |- |''No Drama'' wimbo wa OJB Jezreel |Mshiriki |- |''Overture'' wimbo wa Obiwon |Mshiriki |- |''Expressions'' wimbo wa Styl Plus |Mshiriki |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |rowspan="5"|Tuzo za Headies 2011|2011 |"One Day" – eLDee |Mshindi |rowspan="5"|<ref>{{cite web |title=The Nigerian Hip Hop Awards 2011(Headies) Nominees. |url=https://www.ngbuzz.com/index.php?topic=250.0 |access-date=9 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190309062538/https://www.ngbuzz.com/index.php?topic=250.0 |archive-date=9 March 2019 |date=2 August 2011}}</ref> |- |"If You Ask Me" wimbo wa Omawumi |Mshiriki |- |"Wild Wild West" wimbo wa M.I Abaga|M.I |Mshiriki |- |"Only Me" wimbo wa 2Face Idibia |Mshiriki |- |"There is a Cry" wimbo wa Timi Dakolo |Mshiriki |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |Tuzo za Headies 2012 |Banky W. |Mshindi |<ref>{{cite web |title=Davido Bags Next Rated @ The Headies 2012 + Full List Of Winners |url=https://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/davido-bags-next-rated-the-headies-2012-full-list-of-winners/ |publisher=TooXclusive |access-date=9 March 2019 |date=21 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117191430/http://tooxclusive.com/download-mp3/davido-bags-next-rated-the-headies-2012-full-list-of-winners/ |archive-date=17 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |colspan="4" style="font-size:110%"| |- |The Headies 2013 |"Mandela" wimbo wa Harrysong |Mshindi |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201312290097.html?viewall=1 | title=Nigeria: Olamide Wins Big @ Headies 2013 + Full List of Winners | publisher=allAfrica.com | date=27 December 2013 | access-date=10 February 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221234800/http://allafrica.com/stories/201312290097.html?viewall=1 | archive-date=21 February 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> |- |} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist|2}} [[Jamii:Arusha Editathon Muziki]] [[Jamii:Tuzo za muziki wa Afrika]] 2lx52a2vggwe7noms7xks35eg225q03 0 151753 1613859 1247894 2026-11-05T17:14:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613859 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edfu Tempel 22.jpg|thumb|Sanamu la Hor-Behdeti, Hekalu la Edfu]] '''Mradi wa Edfu''' unafanywa kwa lengo kuu la tafsiri za maandishi ya hekalu la kale la [[Edfu.]] [1] == Historia == [[Faili:Temple_Edfou_Egypte.jpg|thumb|Mlango mkuu wa Hekalu la Edfu linaloonyesha nguzo ya kwanza]] Mnamo 1986, Profesa Dk. Dieter Kurth wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg]] alianzisha mradi wa muda mrefu ambao umetolewa kwa tafsiri kamili ya maandishi ya hieroglifi ya [[Hekalu la Edfu]]<ref>[http ://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html {{Cite web |url=http://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123080550/http://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html |archivedate=2012-11-23 |accessdate=2022-06-11 |url-status=dead}} maelezo mafupi ya hekalu] ilitolewa 18/09/2011</ref> katika Upper [[Misri]] (Hekalu la [[Horus]]) ambayo inakidhi mahitaji ya isimu na masomo ya fasihi. Aidha, utafiti unajumuisha ulinganifu wote wa ndani, fasihi husika na uchanganuzi wa taratibu nyuma ya mapambo. Fahirisi za kina za uchanganuzi - ambazo ni muhimu kwa watafiti wa taaluma zinazohusiana - na sarufi ya maandishi ya hekalu [[Graeco-Roman]] hukusanywa pia. Ukiwa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg, mradi wa Edfu ulifadhiliwa na "[[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|Wakfu wa Utafiti wa Kijerumani]]" hadi 2001. Tangu 2002, Chuo cha Sayansi cha Göttingen kinasimamia mradi wa Edfu, ambao sasa unafadhiliwa na "Programu ya Chuo". Kitengo cha utafiti bado kinafanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg. Tafsiri ya maandishi ya [[Pylon (usanifu)|pylon]] (lango) ikijumuisha manukuu na maoni ilichapishwa mwaka wa 1998 (Edfou VIII). Mnamo 2004, ilifuatiwa na tafsiri ya maandishi ya ukuta wa mshipi wa nje (Edfou VII) ambayo baadhi yake hayakuwa yamechapishwa hapo awali. Uchapishaji wa hivi karibuni, uliotolewa mwaka wa 2014, hutoa tafsiri ya maandishi ya upande wa ndani wa ukuta wa mshipa (Edfou VI). Maandishi ya mahakama ya wazi na nguzo zake (Chassinat, Edfou V-VI) zinapatikana katika tafsiri ya awali. == Marejeo == * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, D. Budde, A. Effland, H. Felber, E. Pardey, S. Rüter, W. Waitkus, S. Woodhouse: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzungen; Bendi ya 1. Edfou VIII, Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 1998 ''Juzuu hili lina tafsiri ya maandiko kwenye nguzo ya hekalu''. * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, D. Budde, A. Effland, H. Felber, J.-P. Graeff, S. Koepke, S. Martinssen-von Falck, e. Pardey, S. Rüter und W. Waitkus: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzung; Bendi ya 2. Edfou VII, Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 2004 ''Juzuu hii ina tafsiri ya upande wa nje wa ukuta wa mshipi.'' * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, A. Block, R. Brech, D. Budde, A. Effland, M. von Falck, H. Felber, J.-P. Graeff, S. Koepke, S. Martinssen-von Falck, E. Pardey, S. Rüter, W. Waitkus na S. Woodhouse: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzungen; Bendi ya 3. Edfou VI, PeWe Verlag Gladbeck 2014 ''Juzuu hii ina tafsiri ya upande wa ndani wa ukuta wa mshipi.'' * Dieter Kurth (Hrsg.): ''Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Begleithefte''. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1991 na kuendelea. ISSN 0937-8413 * Dieter Kurth, Edfu. Ein ägyptischer Tempel, gesehen mit den Augen der Alten Ägypter, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994 * Dieter Kurth, Treffpunkt der Götter. Inschriften aus dem Tempel des Horus von Edfu, Artemis & Winkler Verlag, Zürich und München 1994; Düsseldorf und Zürich 1998 * Dieter Kurth, Hekalu la Edfu. Mwongozo wa Kuhani wa Kale wa Misri, AUC-Press, Kairo 2004 == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] 5qdpt11kcd3bx9djna6g1qd8wvycr1j 1614071 1613859 2026-11-05T22:05:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614071 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Edfu Tempel 22.jpg|thumb|Sanamu la Hor-Behdeti, Hekalu la Edfu]] '''Mradi wa Edfu''' unafanywa kwa lengo kuu la tafsiri za maandishi ya hekalu la kale la [[Edfu.]] [1] == Historia == [[Faili:Temple_Edfou_Egypte.jpg|thumb|Mlango mkuu wa Hekalu la Edfu linaloonyesha nguzo ya kwanza]] Mnamo 1986, Profesa Dk. Dieter Kurth wa [[Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg]] alianzisha mradi wa muda mrefu ambao umetolewa kwa tafsiri kamili ya maandishi ya hieroglifi ya [[Hekalu la Edfu]]<ref>[http ://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html {{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123080550/http://www.edfu-projekt.gwdg.de/Project.html |archivedate=2012-11-23 |accessdate=2022-06-11 |url-status=dead}} maelezo mafupi ya hekalu] ilitolewa 18/09/2011</ref> katika Upper [[Misri]] (Hekalu la [[Horus]]) ambayo inakidhi mahitaji ya isimu na masomo ya fasihi. Aidha, utafiti unajumuisha ulinganifu wote wa ndani, fasihi husika na uchanganuzi wa taratibu nyuma ya mapambo. Fahirisi za kina za uchanganuzi - ambazo ni muhimu kwa watafiti wa taaluma zinazohusiana - na sarufi ya maandishi ya hekalu [[Graeco-Roman]] hukusanywa pia. Ukiwa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg, mradi wa Edfu ulifadhiliwa na "[[Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft|Wakfu wa Utafiti wa Kijerumani]]" hadi 2001. Tangu 2002, Chuo cha Sayansi cha Göttingen kinasimamia mradi wa Edfu, ambao sasa unafadhiliwa na "Programu ya Chuo". Kitengo cha utafiti bado kinafanya kazi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Hamburg. Tafsiri ya maandishi ya [[Pylon (usanifu)|pylon]] (lango) ikijumuisha manukuu na maoni ilichapishwa mwaka wa 1998 (Edfou VIII). Mnamo 2004, ilifuatiwa na tafsiri ya maandishi ya ukuta wa mshipi wa nje (Edfou VII) ambayo baadhi yake hayakuwa yamechapishwa hapo awali. Uchapishaji wa hivi karibuni, uliotolewa mwaka wa 2014, hutoa tafsiri ya maandishi ya upande wa ndani wa ukuta wa mshipa (Edfou VI). Maandishi ya mahakama ya wazi na nguzo zake (Chassinat, Edfou V-VI) zinapatikana katika tafsiri ya awali. == Marejeo == * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, D. Budde, A. Effland, H. Felber, E. Pardey, S. Rüter, W. Waitkus, S. Woodhouse: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzungen; Bendi ya 1. Edfou VIII, Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 1998 ''Juzuu hili lina tafsiri ya maandiko kwenye nguzo ya hekalu''. * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, D. Budde, A. Effland, H. Felber, J.-P. Graeff, S. Koepke, S. Martinssen-von Falck, e. Pardey, S. Rüter und W. Waitkus: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzung; Bendi ya 2. Edfou VII, Harrassowitz Wiesbaden 2004 ''Juzuu hii ina tafsiri ya upande wa nje wa ukuta wa mshipi.'' * D. Kurth unter Mitarbeit von A. Behrmann, A. Block, R. Brech, D. Budde, A. Effland, M. von Falck, H. Felber, J.-P. Graeff, S. Koepke, S. Martinssen-von Falck, E. Pardey, S. Rüter, W. Waitkus na S. Woodhouse: Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Abteilung I Übersetzungen; Bendi ya 3. Edfou VI, PeWe Verlag Gladbeck 2014 ''Juzuu hii ina tafsiri ya upande wa ndani wa ukuta wa mshipi.'' * Dieter Kurth (Hrsg.): ''Die Inschriften des Tempels von Edfu. Begleithefte''. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1991 na kuendelea. ISSN 0937-8413 * Dieter Kurth, Edfu. Ein ägyptischer Tempel, gesehen mit den Augen der Alten Ägypter, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1994 * Dieter Kurth, Treffpunkt der Götter. Inschriften aus dem Tempel des Horus von Edfu, Artemis & Winkler Verlag, Zürich und München 1994; Düsseldorf und Zürich 1998 * Dieter Kurth, Hekalu la Edfu. Mwongozo wa Kuhani wa Kale wa Misri, AUC-Press, Kairo 2004 == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Utalii wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Africa Wiki Challenge Arusha 2022]] bwockk6uv0sb2i8u7p5ymfiy2o2odpl 0 155992 1614011 1580197 2026-11-05T20:31:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614011 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke.jpg|thumb|Thomas Cranmer]] '''Thomas Cranmer''' (2 Julai [[1489]] – 21 Machi [[1556]]) alikuwa [[Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury]] na [[kiongozi]] wa [[Matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti|Matengenezo]] ya [[Kanisa]] la [[Uingereza]] enzi za [[Mfalme|wafalme]] [[Henry VIII]], [[Edward VI wa Uingereza|Edward VI]] na [[malkia]] [[Mary I wa Uingereza|Mary I]]. Alisaidia kujenga kesi ya kubatilishwa kwa [[Ndoa (sakramenti)|ndoa]] ya Henry VIII na [[Katarina wa Aragon]]. [[Talaka]] hiyo ilikuwa mojawapo ya sababu za kutengana kwa [[Jumuiya Anglikana|Kanisa la Uingereza]] na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] chini ya [[Papa]] wa [[Roma]]. Pamoja na [[Thomas Cromwell]] aliunga mkono kanuni ya ukuu wa kifalme. Hapo alikubali [[mamlaka]] ya mfalme juu ya [[Kanisa]] ndani ya [[Dola|milki]] yake. Aliuawa chini ya malkia Mary alipokataa kurudi katika Ukatoliki. == Mtengenezaji wa Kanisa la Uingereza == Wakati wa [[uongozi]] wake kama Askofu Mkuu wa Canterbury Cranmer alianzisha mabadiliko katika mafundisho na [[liturgia]] ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Wakati wa utawala wa mfalme Henry VIII, Cranmer hakufanya mabadiliko mengi. Alitunga utaratibu wa [[ibada]] ya kwanza uliotafsiriwa kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kiingereza]] badala ya [[Kilatini]]. Chini ya mfalme Edward VI, aliyemfuata Henry VIII, Cranmer aliweza kuleta mabadiliko mengi zaidi. Alitunga matoleo mawili ya kwanza ya Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu ([[Book of Common Prayer]]) chenye liturgia kamili kwa ajili ya Kanisa la Uingereza. Alipokea wanamatengenezo kadhaa kutoka [[Ulaya Bara]] waliofika kama [[Mkimbizi|wakimbizi]] kutoka maeneo chini ya [[serikali]] za Kikatoliki. Walimsaidia kubadilisha mafundisho kuhusu mambo kama vile [[ekaristi]], [[useja]] wa [[kasisi|makasisi]], nafasi ya [[sanamu]] makanisani na [[heshima]] kwa [[watakatifu]]. Cranmer alieneza mafundisho mapya, pamoja na Kitabu cha sala, kwa vitabu viwili vya mahubiri ([[hotuba]]) yaliyotakiwa kusomwa na mapadre katika ibada makanisani. == Kifo chini ya Malkia Mary == Baada ya Edward VI, malkia Mary I alichukua [[madaraka]]; alikuwa Mkatoliki akalenga kurudisha nchi chini ya Kanisa Katoliki. Aliagiza kumkamata Cranmer na kumshtaki kwa [[uhaini]] na [[uzushi]]. Alipelekwa mbele ya [[mahakama]] ya mahakimu Wakatoliki pamoja na wasaidizi wawili. Wote walihukumiwa [[adhabu ya kifo]] cha kuchomwa hai [[moto|motoni]] ambayo ilikuwa adhabu ya wazushi. Katika miaka miwili alipokaa [[gereza|gerezani]], Cranmer alipaswa kushuhudia kuchomwa kwa wenzake. Baadaye alijaribu kuokoa [[uhai]] wake kwa kukana mafundisho yake ya awali. Kwa kawaida angesamehewa baada ya kukana, lakini malkia Mary I hakutaka kumsamehe bali auawe. [[Siku]] ya [[hukumu]] yake aliambiwa kusoma tena ukanisho wake kanisani mbele ya watu kabla ya kufa. Cranmer alitumia nafasi hiyo kuonyesha masikitiko juu ya udhaifu wake akamtaja Papa kama mwongo na [[adui]] wa [[Yesu|Kristo]]. Hivyo alichomwa akafa kama mzushi kwa Wakatoliki na [[mfiadini|mfia imani]] kwa Kanisa [[Waanglikana|Anglikana]] lililoendelea baadaye kwenye misingi aliyowahi kuweka. [[Urithi]] wake unaendelea katika Kitabu cha Sala kwa Watu Wote na [[Hoja Thelathini na Tisa]] ambayo ni [[Kanuni ya Imani|ungamo la imani]] ya Kianglikana linalotokana na kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Vyanzo == * {{cite journal|last1=Avis|first1=Paul|year=2005|title=The Revision of the Ordinal in the Church of England 1550–2005|journal=Ecclesiology|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–110|doi=10.1177/1744136605051929|issn=1744-1366}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=God's Vicegerent and Christ's Vicar: the Relationship between the Crown and the Archbishopric of Canterbury, 1533–53|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Ayris|first=Paul|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Canon Law Studies|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2001|title=The Correspondence of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his English Audience 1533-54|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=3|issue=1|pages=9–33|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i3.9|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=170741842}}* {{cite journal|last1=Ayris|first1=Paul|year=2002|title=The Public Career of Thomas Cranmer|journal=Reformation & Renaissance Review|volume=4|issue=1|pages=75–125|doi=10.1558/rrr.v0i4.75|issn=1462-2459|s2cid=145396417}}* {{cite book|title=The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000unse_o2y9|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|isbn=0-521-77662-7|editor-last=Bagchi|editor-first=David V. N.|place=Cambridge|editor2-last=Steinmetz|editor2-first=David Curtis}} * {{cite book|title=The King's Reformation: Henry VIII and the Remaking of the English Church|url=https://archive.org/details/kingsreformation00bern|last=Bernard|first=G. W.|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=2005|isbn=0-300-12271-3|place=London}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorynotting00browgoog|title=A History of Nottinghamshire|last=Brown|first=Cornelius|publisher=E. Stock|year=1891|chapter=Ch VIII|author-link=Cornelius Brown}} * {{cite journal|last=Coleman-Norton|first=P. R.|year=1929|title=The Correspondence of S. John Chrysostom (With Special Reference to His Epistles to Pope S. Innocent I)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-philology_1929-07_24_3/page/279|journal=Classical Philology|volume=24|page=279|doi=10.1086/361140|number=3|s2cid=162281389}}* {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Dowling|first=Maria|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer as Humanist Reformer|author-link=Maria Dowling|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993a|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Relations with Erasmianism and Lutheranism|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Hall|first=Basil|date=1993b|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer, the Eucharist, and the Foreign Divines in the Reign of Edward VI|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Heinze|first=Rudolph W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution='I pray God to grant that I may endure to the end': A New Look at the Martyrdom of Thomas Cranmer|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite journal|last=Hirst|first=Rev E, (Vicar of St. Paul’s Stockport)|date=1934|title=Archbishop Cranmer|url=http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|journal=Churchman Journal|volume=48|issue=2|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107054309/http://archive.churchsociety.org/churchman/documents/cman_048_2_hirst.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2018|access-date=7 November 2018|url-status=dead}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/acompletecollec14jardgoog|title=A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason and Other Crimes and Misdemeanors from the Earliest Period to the Year 1783|publisher=T. C. Hansard|year=1816|editor-last=Howell|editor-first=Thomas Bayly|place=London|oclc=3815652}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Loades|first=David|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Thomas Cranmer and John Dudley: An Uneasy Alliance, 1549–1553|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Intrigue and Treason: The Tudor Court, 1547–1558|url=https://archive.org/details/intriguetreasont0000load|last=Loades|first=David M.|publisher=Pearson Longman|year=2004|isbn=0-582-77226-5|place=Harlow, England}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerlif0000macc|title=Thomas Cranmer: A Life|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|year=1996|isbn=0-300-06688-0|place=London|author-link=Diarmaid MacCulloch|url-access=registration}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N3TADAAAQBAJ|title=All Things Made New: The Reformation and Its Legacy|last=MacCulloch|first=Diarmaid|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-0-19-061682-3|authorlink=Diarmaid MacCulloch}} * {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7S_DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA397|title=Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation|last=Marshall|first=Peter|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-0-300-17062-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia|editor-last=Matthew|editor-first=H. C. G.|editor2-last=Harrison|editor2-first=Brian Howard|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|date=2004|place=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|oclc=56568095}} * {{cite book|title=Interfaces in Language|last=Mills|first=Jon|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|year=2010|isbn=978-1-4438-2433-0|editor-last=Partridge|editor-first=John|chapter=Genocide and Ethnocide: The Suppression of the Cornish Language|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xF4nBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer's Doctrine of Repentance: Renewing the Power to Love|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmersdo0000null|last=Null|first=Ashley|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2006|isbn=0-19-827021-6|place=Oxford}} * {{cite book|title=Italian reform and English Reformations, c.1535-c.1585|url=https://archive.org/details/italianreformeng0000over|last=Overell|first=Anne|publisher=[[Ashgate Publishing]]|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7546-5579-4|place=Farnham, Surrey, UK}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/anapologyfordoc00socigoog|title=An Apology for the Doctrine of Apostolical Succession: With an Appendix, on the English Orders.|last=Perceval|first=Arthur Philip|date=1841|publisher=Rivington|edition=second|location=London|author-link=Arthur Philip Perceval}} * {{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmer0000ridl|title=Thomas Cranmer|last=Ridley|first=Jasper|publisher=[[Clarendon Press]]|year=1962|place=Oxford|oclc=398369|author-link=Jasper Ridley|url-access=registration}} * {{cite book|title=The Establishment of Modern English Prose in the Reformation and the Enlightenment|url=https://archive.org/details/establishmentofm0000robi|last=Robinson|first=Ian|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=1998|isbn=0-521-48088-4|place=Cambridge}} * {{cite book|title=The Rise & Fall of Thomas Cromwell|url=https://archive.org/details/risefallofthomas0000scho|last=Schofield|first=John|publisher=The History Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7524-4604-2|place=Stroud, England}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Selwyn|first=D. G.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Library|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|chapter=Treasures Old and New: A Look at Some of Thomas Cranmer's Methods of Liturgical Compilation|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Scholar|url=https://archive.org/details/thomascranmerchu0000unse|last=Stevenson|first=Kenneth W.|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|The Boydell Press]]|year=1993|isbn=0-85115-549-9|editor-last=Ayris|editor-first=Paul|place=Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK|contribution=Cranmer's Marriage Vow: Its Place in the Tradition|editor2-last=Selwyn|editor2-first=David}} * {{cite book|title=Historical and Biographical Works: Memorials of Thomas Cranmer|last=Strype|first=John|date=1840|chapter=Chapter 28|orig-year=1544|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cJVIAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA181}} {{BD|1489|1556}} [[Jamii:Maaskofu]] [[Jamii:Wafiadini]] [[Jamii:Waanglikana]] 6imkn9mg1kpv96lg8ymd89noa37o4qy 0 163424 1614025 1527833 2026-11-05T20:51:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614025 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ukatili wa majumbani''' (pia hujulikana kama '''unyanyasaji wa nyumbani''' au '''unyanyasaji wa kifamilia''') ni unyanyasaji unaotokea katika [[mazingira]] ya [[nyumba|nyumbani]], kama vile katika [[ndoa]] au watu wanaoishi pamoja. Hufanywa na mmoja wa watu katika uhusiano wa karibu dhidi ya mtu mwingine, na unaweza kutokea katika uhusiano kati ya wenzi wa zamani au wenzi wanaoishi pamoja. Katika maana pana zaidi, unyanyasaji wa majumbani unahusisha pia [[ukatili]] dhidi ya [[watoto]], [[wazazi]], au [[wazee]]. Unaweza kuchukua aina nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na unyanyasaji wa kimwili, unyanyasaji wa maneno, unyanyasaji wa kihisia, unyanyasaji wa kiuchumi, unyanyasaji wa kidini, unyanyasaji wa uzazi, au unyanyasaji wa kijinsia. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Woodlock |first=Delanie |date=2017 |title=The Abuse of Technology in Domestic Violence and Stalking |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077801216646277 |journal=Violence Against Women |language=en |volume=23 |issue=5 |pages=584–602 |doi=10.1177/1077801216646277 |pmid=27178564 |s2cid=26463963 |issn=1077-8012}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=WESNET Second National Survey on Technology abuse and domestic violence in Australia |url=https://wesnet.org.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/Wesnet-2020-2nd-National-Survey-Report-72pp-A4-FINAL.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226030323/https://wesnet.org.au/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2020/11/Wesnet-2020-2nd-National-Survey-Report-72pp-A4-FINAL.pdf |archive-date=February 26, 2021 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-sheria}} [[Jamii:sheria]] [[Jamii:Wiki in Activism]] [[Jamii:Arts and Feminism 2023]] blxwtvjb2yuexznmogoaruamczeuy13 0 166887 1613907 1523272 2026-11-05T18:28:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613907 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:पशुपती_शर्मा.jpg|thumb|Pashupati Sharma akitumbuiza]] '''Pashupati Sharma''' (alizaliwa [[Putalibazar]] [[Manispaa]] ya [[Kata]] ya Nambari 3 ya Wilaya ya [[Syangja]], [[31 Oktoba]] [[1982]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa nchini [[Nepal]]. Sharma alihamia [[Kathmandu]] mnamo [[2003]] kwa ajili ya masomo yake, huku akiwa na nia ya kuimba. Alianza kuimba huko Saptakoshi Dohori Sanjh na alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza rasmi mnamo mwaka 2003. Sharma tayari ameimba zaidi ya nyimbo 200 wakati wa utumishi wake. Nyimbo zake zinahusu [[uzalendo]], [[upendo]] na [[huzuni]]. Moja wapo ya wimbo wake mpya Lutna Sake Lut. Mnamo [[2018]] alitoa wimbo wa "Chhata harayo" akiwa na [[Devi Gharti Magar]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/32607/2020-01-01|title=लोकसंगीतको खानीमा हुर्किएँ : पशुपति शर्मा|website=Naya Patrika|language=en|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428145435/https://www.nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/32607/2020-01-01|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://kathmandupost.com/art-entertainment/2015/03/04/on-the-road-less-travelled|title=On the road less travelled|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com.np/news/2019-02-18/following-threats-popular-folk-singer-sharma-pulls-video-from-youtube.html|title=Following threats, popular folk singer Sharma pulls video from YouTube|website=kathmandupost.ekantipur.com.np|accessdate=2023-04-01|archivedate=2020-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428150610/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com.np/news/2019-02-18/following-threats-popular-folk-singer-sharma-pulls-video-from-youtube.html}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/folk-singer-pashupati-faces-yan-music-for-satirical-song/|title=Folk singer Pashupati faces YAN music for satirical song|date=18 February 2019|website=The Himalayan Times|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015629/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/folk-singer-pashupati-faces-yan-music-for-satirical-song/|archive-date=19 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/pashupati-sharma-satire-is-not-meant-to-be-taken-literally.html|title=Pashupati Sharma: Satire is not meant to be taken literally – OnlineKhabar|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428145211/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/pashupati-sharma-satire-is-not-meant-to-be-taken-literally.html|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|last=पराजुली|first=रमा|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-47280172|title='लुट्न सके लुट्...' गायकले हटाए पनि युट्युबमा छ्यापछ्याप्ती|date=19 February 2019|work=BBC News नेपाली|access-date=28 April 2020|language=ne|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428145306/https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-47280172|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tuzo == * Tuzo za Picha za Wimbo Bora wa Dohori <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.cybersansar.com/article.php?aid=4167|title=CS : CyberSansar.com – 'Only Love' sweeps 13th Image Award|website=www.cybersansar.com|access-date=28 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428145107/http://www.cybersansar.com/article.php?aid=4167|archive-date=28 April 2020|url-status=dead|accessdate=2023-04-01|archivedate=2020-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428145107/http://www.cybersansar.com/article.php?aid=4167}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Muziki ya Redio Kantipur kwa Mwimbaji Bora <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Radio Kantipur organises National Music Awards 2078|url=https://kathmandupost.com:8078/art-culture/2022/05/07/radio-kantipur-organises-national-music-awards-2078|access-date=2022-05-07|website=kathmandupost.com|language=English}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Nepal]] jk3jq3ygq6aefnpes7zisxmo730f4st 0 170658 1613825 1519461 2026-11-05T16:07:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marianna Muntianu''' (alizaliwa [[14 Agosti]] [[1989]]) ni mwanzilishi na [[raisi]] wa Mfuko wa [[hali ya hewa]] wa [[Urusi]], shirika la ulinzi wa [[mazingira]]. <ref name="rusclimatefoundabout">{{Rejea tovuti|title=About our foundation|url=https://rusclimatefund.ru/about.html|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-04-07|website=rusclimatefund.ru|accessdate=2023-05-20|archivedate=2021-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415175834/https://rusclimatefund.ru/about.html}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka wa [[2019]] alipewa [[Tuzo]] ya [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] "[[Mashindano]] ya [[Vijana]] wa [[Dunia]]" kwa njia yake ya [[ubunifu]] ya kulinda mazingira. <ref name="youngchampions2019">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|title=Marianna Muntianu|url=http://www.unep.org/youngchampions/bio/2019/europe/marianna-muntianu|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-30|website=Young Champions of the Earth - UN Environment Program|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Urusi]] [[Jamii:Digienvironment]] [[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]] iky653z14d5gygdbz5peojd73vk5dlz 0 170958 1613957 1544099 2026-11-05T19:11:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabine Fuss''' ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa [[hali ya hewa]] wa [[Ujerumani]]<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=IPCC Authors (beta) |url=https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/report.authors.php?q=32&p=&p |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406061518/https://archive.ipcc.ch/report/authors/report.authors.php?q=32&p=&p= |archive-date=6 April 2021 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=archive.ipcc.ch}}</ref>.Ni [[Kiongozi]] wa kikundi cha "Usimamizi endelevu wa [[Rasilmali|Rasilimali]] na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa ulimwenguni" katika Taasisi ya [[Utafiti]] ya Mercator(MCC).Sabine Fuss ni [[profesa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Humboldt cha [[Berlin]]<ref name="appointed">{{Cite press release |title=MCC-Forscherin Fuss zu Professorin berufen |date=2 February 2018 |url=https://idw-online.de/de/news698634 |language=de-DE |last1=Löhe |first1=Fabian |access-date=2021-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162541/https://idw-online.de/de/news698634 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |trans-title=MCC researcher Fuss appointed professor |url-status=live |website=idw-online.de |archivedate=2018-11-24 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124162541/https://idw-online.de/de/news698634 }}</ref>. ==Maisha== Fuss alipata shahada ya [[uzamili]] ya uchumi wa kimataifa na udaktari katika maendeleo endelevu katika sekta ya nishati kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Maastricht. Alifanya kazi katika Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Uchambuzi wa Mifumo Inayotumika. Mnamo mwaka 2018 aliteuliwa kuwa profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Humboldt cha Berlin <ref name="appointed"/>. ==Kazi== Maslahi ya utafiti ya Fuss ni pamoja na usimamizi wa rasilimali kwa kuzingatia hasa uchanganuzi wa mifumo, kufanya maamuzi chini ya hali isiyo na uhakika, tathmini iliyojumuishwa inayolenga kupunguza na kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, mifumo ya [[usimamizi]] wa [[kaboni dioksidi]] , maendeleo yanayoendana na hali ya hewa, na sera ya hali ya hewa<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Fuss, Sabine – Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC) |url=https://www.mcc-berlin.net/ueber-uns/team/fuss-sabine.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124213134/https://www.mcc-berlin.net/ueber-uns/team/fuss-sabine.html |archive-date=24 November 2020 |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=www.mcc-berlin.net}}</ref>. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]] [[Jamii:wanasayansi wa Ujerumani]] 7ovjoy8yvgfg5m20kbbcc4mjbxqjb3n 0 171224 1613828 1600532 2026-11-05T16:10:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613828 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marika Holland''' ni mwanasayansi katika ''National Center for Atmospheric Research'' anayejulikana kwa kazi yake katika uundaji wa mfano wa barafu ya bahari na jukumu lake katika hali ya hewa ya ulimwengu. == Elimu na kazi == Holland ana shahada ya B.A. na Ph.D. (1997)<ref>{{Cite thesis|title=Climate change and variability in a single column coupled sea ice/ocean mixed layer model|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/38751661|date=1997|language=English|first=Marika M|last=Holland|oclc = 38751661}}</ref> kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Colorado Boulder]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marika Holland {{!}} staff.ucar.edu|url=https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mholland|access-date=2021-08-16|website=staff.ucar.edu|language=en|archive-date=2021-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816123305/https://staff.ucar.edu/users/mholland|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya Ph.D. yake, Holland alikuwa mtafiti wa baada ya uzamili katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Victoria]] mpaka mwaka 1999 alipojiunga na wafanyakazi wa Kituo cha Kitaifa cha Utafiti wa Hewa (NCAR).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marika Holland|url=https://www.arcus.org/researchers/36744/display|access-date=2021-08-19|website=ARCUS|language=en}}</ref> Holland alikuwa Mwanasayansi Mkuu wa [[Community Earth System Model]] (CESM) kutoka 2012 hadi 2014<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=State of the CESM. CESM Advisory Board Meeting February Marika Holland CESM Chief Scientist - PDF Free Download|url=https://businessdocbox.com/Green_Solutions/87623272-State-of-the-cesm-cesm-advisory-board-meeting-february-marika-holland-cesm-chief-scientist.html|access-date=2021-08-19|website=businessdocbox.com}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> na alipokea Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Heshima ya CESM kwa kazi yake mwaka 2014.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=2014-Marika Holland |url=https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/about/awards/2014.html |url-status=dead |access-date=Agosti 19, 2021 |website=CESM NCAR |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914192023/https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/about/awards/2014.html |archive-date=Septemba 14, 2016 |accessdate=2023-06-01 |archivedate=2021-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825053235/https://www.cesm.ucar.edu/about/awards/2014.html }}</ref> == Utafiti == Uholanzi inajulikana kwa utafiti wake unaojenga hali ya barafu ya bahari kwa vipindi tofauti vya wakati. Mifano ya Holland juu ya barafu ya bahari ilianza na kuzingatia mchakato unaoeleza hatua za barafu ya bahari katika mifano ya hali ya hewa.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Holland|first1=Marika M.|last2=Schramm|first2=Julie L.|last3=Curry|first3=Judith A.|date=1997|title=Thermodynamic feedback processes in a single-column sea-ice–ocean model|journal=Annals of Glaciology|language=en|volume=25|pages=327–332|doi=10.3189/S0260305500014233|bibcode=1997AnGla..25..327H|issn=0260-3055|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Holland|first1=M. M.|last2=Curry|first2=J. A.|last3=Schramm|first3=J. L.|date=1997|title=Modeling the thermodynamics of a sea ice thickness distribution: 2. Sea ice/ocean interactions|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans|language=en|volume=102|issue=C10|pages=23093–23107|doi=10.1029/97JC01296|bibcode=1997JGR...10223093H|issn=2156-2202|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Bitz|first1=C. M.|last2=Holland|first2=M. M.|last3=Weaver|first3=A. J.|last4=Eby|first4=M.|date=2001|title=Simulating the ice-thickness distribution in a coupled climate model|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans|language=en|volume=106|issue=C2|pages=2441–2463|doi=10.1029/1999JC000113|bibcode=2001JGR...106.2441B|issn=2156-2202|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mwaka wa 2003, Holland na ''Cecilia Bitz'' walifanya mfano jinsi mabadiliko katika hali ya hewa ya Arctic yanabadilisha kiwango cha ''polar amplification'' katika mifano ya hali ya hewa.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Holland|first1=M. M.|last2=Bitz|first2=C. M.|date=2003-09-01|title=Polar amplification of climate change in coupled models|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6|journal=Climate Dynamics|volume=21|issue=3–4|pages=221–232|doi=10.1007/s00382-003-0332-6|bibcode=2003ClDy...21..221H|s2cid=17003665|issn=0930-7575}}</ref> ==Tuzo== * Kavli Frontiers of Science Fellow, Chuo cha Sayansi ya Taifa (2002, 2006)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Marika Holland|url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/frontiers-alumni/alumni-directory/marika-holland.html|access-date=2021-08-19|website=www.nasonline.org|archive-date=2021-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819025753/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/kavli-frontiers-of-science/frontiers-alumni/alumni-directory/marika-holland.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Mafanikio ya Kipekee ya CESM (2014)<ref name=":1" /> * Mwanachama, [[American Geophysical Union]] (2020)<ref name=":0" /> * Medali ya IASC, [[Kamati ya Kimataifa ya Sayansi ya Arctic]] (2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=IASC Medal 2019 Awarded to Dr. Marika Holland - International Arctic Science Committee |url=https://iasc.info/news/iasc-news/461-iasc-medal-2019-awarded-to-dr-marika-holland |website=iasc.info |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref> * Mwanachama, [[American Meteorological Society]] (2021)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=List of Fellows|url=https://www.ametsoc.org/index.cfm/ams/about-ams/ams-organization-and-administration/list-of-fellows/|access-date=2021-08-16|website=American Meteorological Society|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Swahili climate voices]] hb4qtoy3vrrxeji8hne30atra7f3xcl 0 171408 1614051 1540818 2026-11-05T21:20:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614051 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yacine Aliane''' (kwa Kiarabu: ياسين عليان; amezaliwa [[21 Januari]] [[1999]]) ni mwanasoka wa [[Algeria]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lfp.dz/joueur/view?id=991012002|title=FICHE DU JOUEUR: YACINE ALIANE|accessdate=2023-06-10|archive-date=2023-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610110229/https://www.lfp.dz/joueur/view?id=991012002|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usm-alger.com/site/index.php/equipes-jeunes/equipe-reserve/effectif-reserves?view=profile&id=703|title=YACINE ALIANE|accessdate=2023-06-10|archive-date=2023-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610110222/https://www.usm-alger.com/site/index.php/equipes-jeunes/equipe-reserve/effectif-reserves?view=profile&id=703|url-status=dead}}</ref> ambaye anachezea ASO Chlef katika Ligi ya [[Algeria]] Professionnelle 1.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/110477437536041/photos/a.128222742428177/351497766767339/|title=لجناح الأيسر " يـاسـيـن عــلــيـان " ثامن المـستقدميـن في صفوف النادي}}</ref> ==Kazi== Mnamo [[2020]], Aliane alipandishwa cheo hadi timu ya kwanza ya USM Alger.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/06/usma-6-joueurs-promus-en-equipe-premiere-187589.php|title=USMA : 6 joueurs promus en équipe première|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125175831/https://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/06/usma-6-joueurs-promus-en-equipe-premiere-187589.php|archivedate=2025-01-25|accessdate=2023-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 16 Januari [[2021]], Aliane alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ligi dhidi ya RC Relizane. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qi1xvxn1qm3fw60qv0opobyxk2qljyu 0 171444 1614019 1540732 2026-11-05T20:38:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614019 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Toufik Addadi''' (kwa Kiarabu: توفيق عدادي; alizaliwa [[7 Oktoba]] [[1990]]) ni [[mwanasoka]] wa [[Algeria]] anayechezea ASO Chlef.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/213034/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B6%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%84%D9%81/ |title=عدّادي ينضم إلى أولمبي الشلف}}</ref> ==Kazi== * mnamo 2019, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na JS Kabylie. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/06/02/mercato-toufik-addadi-signe-a-la-jsk-152985.php|title=Mercato : Toufik Addadi signe à la JSK|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220024044/https://www.dzfoot.com/2019/06/02/mercato-toufik-addadi-signe-a-la-jsk-152985.php|archivedate=2025-02-20|accessdate=2023-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mnamo 2020, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na MC [[Algeria|Alger]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://elmoudjahid.com/fr/flash-actu/22827|title=MC-Alger : Addadi s’engage pour deux saisons|accessdate=2023-06-10|archivedate=2020-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012121643/https://elmoudjahid.com/fr/flash-actu/22827}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/29/mca-addadi-sengage-pour-deux-saisons-188977.php|title=MCA : Addadi s'engage pour deux saisons|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220002424/https://www.dzfoot.com/2020/09/29/mca-addadi-sengage-pour-deux-saisons-188977.php|archivedate=2025-02-20|accessdate=2023-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Mnamo 2021, Toufik Addadi alitia saini [[mkataba]] na Monastir ya [[Marekani]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/football/958315/l-international-algerien-taoufik-addadi-rejoint-l-usmo#:~:text=L'international%20alg%C3%A9rien%2C%20Taoufik%20Addadi,et%20Mouloudia%20Club%20d'Alger. |title=L'international algérien Taoufik Addadi rejoint l'USMO |website=mosaiquefm.net |date=14 September 2021 |accessdate=17 September 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] g1qskk4ic0pelj2vi25297w1twzw620 0 172090 1613966 1349025 2026-11-05T19:44:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613966 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Semi Ajayyi vs West Brom (9777906261) (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|right|200px|Semi Ajayi]] '''Oluwasemilogo Adesewo Ibidapo "Semi" Ajayi''' (amezaliwa [[9 Novemba]] [[1993]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa Nigeria anayecheza kama [[beki]] au kiungo wa kati wa klabu ya [[West Bromwich Albion]] na timu ya taifa ya [[Nigeria]].<ref name=Eurosport>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|title=Semi Ayaji: Eurosport|website=Eurosport.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129101847/https://www.eurosport.com/football/semi-ajayi_prs339355/person.shtml|archivedate=2022-11-29|accessdate=2023-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Mafanikio== '''Rotherham United''' *EFL League One play-offs: 2018<ref>{{cite |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44186999 |title=Rotherham United 2–1 Shrewsbury Town |first=Ged |last=Scott |publisher=BBC Sport |date=27 Mei 2018 |access-date=27 Mei 2018}}</ref> *EFL Championship Player of the Month: Machi 2019 ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j1eppn04q4usmudjw38glx4y7twl8ss 0 172751 1613852 1455085 2026-11-05T16:43:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Milan Antonijevic''' (alizaliwa [[24 Septemba]] [[1975]]) ni wakili wa [[Serbia]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za binadamu, na mwanafursa hadi kufikia mwaka [[2019]], mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Open Society Foundation Serbia. [[picha:Milan Antonijević.jpg|thumb|Milan Antonijevic]] ==Kazi Na maisha Ya Awali== Milan Antonijević ambaye alizaliwa tarehe [[24 Septemba]] [[1975]] huko Belgrade, Serbia, [[Yugoslavia]]. Alihitimu kutoka chuo cha Gymnasium ya Tatu ya Belgrade na Chuo Kikuu cha Belgrade katika Kitivo cha Sheria na Idara ya Sheria ya Kimataifa. <ref name="yucom">{{cite web |title=Aktivisti |url=http://www.yucom.org.rs/rest.php?idSek=3&idSubSek=32&tip=galerija&status=prvi |website=www.yucom.org.rs |publisher=YUCOM |accessdate=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105075644/http://www.yucom.org.rs/rest.php?idSek=3&idSubSek=32&tip=galerija&status=prvi |archive-date=5 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archivedate=2016-01-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105075644/http://www.yucom.org.rs/rest.php?idSek=3&idSubSek=32&tip=galerija&status=prvi }}</ref> == Maisha Binafsi == Antonijević anazungumza kwa ufasaha [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na pia anatumia Kihungari. == Bibliografia Iliyochaguliwa == Milan Antonijević ni mhariri na mwandishi wa zaidi ya makala 80 katika majarida ya kitaalamu yanayohusu haki za binadamu na haki za wachache. Baadhi ya kazi zake ni: * {{cite book|title=Upatikanaji wa Haki: Utoaji wa Taarifa, Ushauri na Msaada wa Kisheria Bila Malipo nchini Serbia|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan|last2=Filipović|first2=Milan|last3=Janković Jovanović|first3=Ana|date=2016|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Siku Baada ya Maafa: Mwongozo Kuhusu Hali ya Dharura Katika Maafa ya Mvua - Masuala ya Kisheria|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan|last2=Vasić|first2=Milena|last3=Ćurčić|first3=Danilo|last4=Golubović|first4=Katarina|date=2015|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Ubaguzi? : Sio Shuleni Mwangu! : Shule Moja Kwa Wote! : Mwongozo kwa Wanafunzi wa Sekondari na Wazazi Wao|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2015|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-60-6|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Kupambana na Ubaguzi Katika Mfumo wa Elimu : Mwongozo kwa Walimu na Wadau wa Elimu|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2015|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-59-0|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Utafiti Kuhusu Hali ya Wakimbizi Kutoka Jamhuri ya Croatia : [Mradi wa IPA Kuhimiza Haki za Binadamu katika Maeneo ya Maslahi Maalumu ya Taifa nchini Croatia]|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2014|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Upatikanaji wa Haki na Msaada wa Kisheria Bila Malipo Nchini Serbia: Changamoto na Marekebisho|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan|last2=Vuković|first2=Danilo|last3=Golubović|first3=Katarina|last4=Vujić|first4=Kristina|date=2013|publisher=YUCOM na SeConS|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Serbia : Miaka Saba ya Kutokuwa na Hakika Kisheria na Vipaumbele Tano vya Mabadiliko|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2013|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-51-4|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Kuimarisha Mahakama Katika Kupambana na Ufisadi|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2014|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-56-9|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Kupambana na Ubaguzi Katika Mfumo wa Elimu: Mwongozo kwa Wakaguzi na Washauri wa Elimu|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2012|publisher=Komitet za Haki za Binadamu YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-39-2|location=Beograd}} * {{cite book|title=Mwongozo wa Kurekebisha Sheria Kulingana na Viwango vya Kimataifa Katika Haki za Binadamu na Utawala Bora|last1=Antonijević|first1=Milan [priredio]|date=2012|publisher=Komitet pravnika za ljudska prava YUCOM|isbn=978-86-83209-35-4|location=Beograd}} ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:WikiForHumanRights 2023 Kilimanjaro]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Serbia]] hxauvkcp1vyugtfk9lj5766ubk5kao9 0 174145 1614054 1478643 2026-11-05T21:22:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Giovanni Battista Scalabrini.jpg|thumb|right|245px|[[Picha]] yake halisi.]] [[Faili:Coat of arms of Giovanni Battista Scalabrini.svg|thumb|right|190px|]] '''Yohane Mbatizaji Scalabrini''' (Fino Mornasco, [[Como]], [[8 Julai]] [[1839]] – [[Piacenza]], [[1 Juni]] [[1905]]) alikuwa [[askofu]] mmojawapo wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] huko [[Italia Kaskazini]] na [[mwanzilishi]] wa [[shirika|mashirika]] ya [[Wamisionari wa Mt. Karolo]] na [[Masista Wamisionari wa Mt. Karolo]] kwa ajili ya [[Uhamiaji|wahamiaji]] nchini [[Marekani]]<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-john-baptist-scalabrini/|title=Blessed John Baptist Scalabrini|publisher=Saints SQPN|date=26 May 2015|accessdate=4 February 2017|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010171921/https://catholicsaints.info/saint-giovanni-battista-scalabrini/|url-status=live}}</ref>. Alistawisha [[Dayosisi|jimbo]] la Piacenza kwa kila namna, aking'aa kwa [[juhudi]] zake kwa ajili ya [[Upadri|mapadri]], [[Mkulima|wakulima]] na [[wafanyakazi]] wenye kipato cha chini<ref name="EWTN">{{cite web|url=https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios97.htm|title=Biographies of New Blesseds - 1997|publisher=EWTN|accessdate=4 February 2017|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104000957/https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/bios97.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="SB">{{cite web|url=http://www.scalabrini.asn.au/content/blessed-john-baptist-scalabrini|title=The Blessed John Baptist Scalabrini|publisher=Scalabrinians: Asia-Pacific Province of Saint Frances Xavier Cabrini|accessdate=4 February 2017|archive-date=5 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205013631/http://www.scalabrini.asn.au/content/blessed-john-baptist-scalabrini|url-status=dead}}</ref>. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[9 Novemba]] [[1997]] na [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[9 Oktoba]] [[2022]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo== * {{cite book|location=Rome|publisher=Office of Postulator of the Scalabrinian Missionaries|last=Francesconi|first=Mario|editor-last=Visentin|editor-first=Joseph|others=Translated into English by Martino Bortolazzo|title=Virtues of the Servant of God John Baptist Scalabrini|edition=revised|year=2007|origyear=1985|publication-date=2012|type=pro manuscriptu|chapter=Cause of canonisation of the Servant of God John Baptist Scalabrini Bishop of Piacenza and founder of The Missionary Brothers and Sisters of Saint Charles Borromeo|url=http://www.scalabrini.org/attachments/article/2369/Virtues_of_Servant-of_God_Scalabrini-complete_book.pdf|accessdate=2013-12-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211084210/http://www.scalabrini.org/attachments/article/2369/Virtues_of_Servant-of_God_Scalabrini-complete_book.pdf|archivedate=11 February 2014|url-status=live|ref=none}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category}} * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1905.htm Hagiography Circle] * [http://www.scalabrini.org/site/en/ Scalabriniani] * [http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-john-baptist-scalabrini/ Saints SQPN] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bscala.html Catholic Hierarchy] * [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/55525 Santi e Beati] * [http://www.scalabriniane.org/en/john-baptist-scalabrini/ Suore Missionarie di San Carlo Borromeo] {{Wayback|url=http://www.scalabriniane.org/en/john-baptist-scalabrini/ |date=20180326232351 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Scalabrini, Yohane Mbatizaji}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1839]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1905]] [[Category:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Category:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] c9x3xp1un88zkqt4dvf46fmd3ax3qc6 0 175997 1614050 1541775 2026-11-05T21:20:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614050 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Xiaomi logo (2021-).svg|thumb|Logo ya Xiaomi]] '''Kampuni ya Xiaomi''' (ɕi̯ɑomi;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-30848303|title=Jinsi ya kusema: Xiaomi|work=[[BBC News]]|date=12 Novemba 2018|access-date=29 Juni 2018|archive-date=24 Februari 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224161400/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-30848303|url-status=live}}</ref> {{zh|c=[[wikt:小米|小米]]|l=}}), inajulikana kawaida kama '''ximi''' na imesajiliwa kama '''Xiaomi Inc.''' Ni [[kampuni]] inayojikita na utengenezaji wa vifaa mbalimbali vya simu, na vifaa vya nyumbani. Ni mtengenezaji wa pili kwa ukubwa wa [[simu ya mkononi]] [[Dunia|duniani]], nyuma ya [[Samsung]],<ref name=CNET>{{cite web|URL=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/xiaomi-overtakes-apple-as-the-worlds-number-two-smartphone-maker|title=Xiaomi inashinda Apple kama mtengenezaji wa simu ya mkononi wa pili duniani|publisher=[[CNET]]|date=16 Julai 2021|author=Pendlebury, Ty|access-date=7 Oktoba 2023}}</ref> ambayo kwa kiasi kikubwa inatumia mfumo wa [[Android]]. Kampuni hiyo inashika nafasi ya 338 na ni kampuni changa.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 Agosti 2021|title=Xiaomi inapanda kwenye orodha ya Global 500 ya Fortune (#338)|url=https://m.gsmarena.com/xiaomi_moves_up_on_fortunes_global_500_list_338_apple_is_near_the_top_6-news-50343.php|url-status=live|access-date=2 Agosti 2021|publisher=gsmarena.com|archive-date=2 Agosti 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802162124/https://m.gsmarena.com/xiaomi_moves_up_on_fortunes_global_500_list_338_apple_is_near_the_top_6-news-50343.php}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url=https://fortune.com/company/xiaomi/global500/ | title=Global 500: Xiaomi | publisher=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | access-date=16 Septemba 2021 | archive-date=28 Oktoba 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028061057/https://fortune.com/company/xiaomi/global500/ | url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news | first=Michael | last=Kan | title=Kwa nini Simu za Xiaomi ni Rahisi? | url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2489472/why-are-xiaomi-phones-so-cheap-.html | work=[[Computerworld]] | date=16 Mei 2014 | access-date=16 Septemba 2021 | archive-date=16 Septemba 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916173222/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2489472/why-are-xiaomi-phones-so-cheap-.html | url-status=live | accessdate=2023-11-01 | archivedate=2021-09-16 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916173222/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2489472/why-are-xiaomi-phones-so-cheap-.html }}</ref> Ifikapo 2015, ilikuwa inaendeleza anuwai kubwa ya elektroniki za watumiaji.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.displaydaily.com/article/press-releases/the-china-smartphone-market-picks-up-slightly-in-2014q4-idc-reports |title=Soko la Simu za China linapanda kidogo katika 2014Q4, Ripoti ya IDC |date=17 Februari 2015 |publisher=IDC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217221541/http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prHK25437515 |archive-date=17 Februari 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka 2020, kampuni hiyo iliuza simu milioni 146.3 na UI yake ya simu ya mkononi ya MIUI ina zaidi ya watumiaji milioni 500 kila mwezi.<ref>{{Rejea habari | url=https://in.mashable.com/technlogy/25962/xiaomi-ui-has-gained-more-than-500m-monthly-active-users | title=UI ya Xiaomi Imepata Zaidi ya Watumiaji Milioni 500 Kila Mwezi | first=Praneeth | last=Palli | work=[[Mashable]] | date=23 Novemba 2021 | access-date=12 Januari 2022 | archive-date=12 Januari 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112213307/https://in.mashable.com/technlogy/25962/xiaomi-ui-has-gained-more-than-500m-monthly-active-users | url-status=live}}</ref> Kufikia 2023, Xiaomi ndiyo muuzaji wa tatu kwa ukubwa wa simu za mkononi ulimwenguni, na sehemu ya soko ya karibu 12%, kulingana na Counterpoint.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=8 Februari 2023 |title=Sehemu ya Soko la Simu ya Mkono Ulimwenguni: Q4 2020 hadi Q4 2022 |url=https://www.counterpointresearch.com/global-smartphone-share/ |access-date=1 Machi 2023 |website=Counterpoint Research |language=en-US |archive-date=17 Agosti 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817144648/https://www.counterpointresearch.com/global-smartphone-share/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Uwepo wake ulisababisha baadhi ya watu kuiita Xiaomi "Apple ya [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]]".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/09/xiaomi-how-the-apple-of-china-grew-rapidly-into-80-new-markets.html | title='Apple ya China' iliongezeka kwa masoko mapya 80 katika miaka minne. Hivi ndivyo Xiaomi ilivyokua kwa haraka | first=Uptin | last=Saiidi | work=[[CNBC]] | date=10 Septemba 2019 | access-date=10 Septemba 2019 | archive-date=21 Septemba 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921035629/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/09/09/xiaomi-how-the-apple-of-china-grew-rapidly-into-80-new-markets.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Imekuja na anuwai yake ya vitu vya kuvaa. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=18 Machi 2023 |title=Vitu vya Kuvaa 444.7m Apple Xiaomi |url=https://gembells.com/wearable-444-7m-apple-xiaomi/ |access-date=1 Aprili 2023 |language=en-US |archive-date=31 Machi 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331134406/https://gembells.com/wearable-444-7m-apple-xiaomi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pia ni mtengenezaji mkubwa wa vifaa ikiwa ni pamoja na [[televisheni]], torchi, ndege isiyokuwa na rubani, na kifaa cha kusafisha hewa kutumia mfumo wake wa ''Internet of things'' na ''Xiaomi Smart Home''. <ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phones/10880495/How-can-Xiaomi-sell-its-phones-so-cheaply.html |title=Namna Xiaomi Inavyoweza Kuuza Simu Zake kwa Bei Nafuu? |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=6 Juni 2014 |location=Londresi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618155200/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/mobile-phones/10880495/How-can-Xiaomi-sell-its-phones-so-cheaply.html |archive-date=18 Juni 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/8/29/4672668/what-is-xiaomi-china-smartphone-hugo-barra-android |title=Ni nini Xiaomi? Hapa ni kampuni ya Kichina ambayo ilichukua nyota kubwa ya Android |first=Dan | last=Seifert | work=[[The Verge]] |date=29 Agosti 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710235623/http://www.theverge.com/2013/8/29/4672668/what-is-xiaomi-china-smartphone-hugo-barra-android |archive-date=10 Julai 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| first=Rob | last=Triggs |title=Mfano wa Biashara wa Xiaomi unachukua Dunia |url=http://www.androidauthority.com/xiaomi-business-model-575619/ |website=Android Authority |date=22 Desemba 2014 |access-date=17 Februari 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217131634/http://www.androidauthority.com/xiaomi-business-model-575619/|archive-date=17 Februari 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2156320/why-are-xiaomi-phones-so-cheap.html | title=Namna Gani Simu za Xiaomi Zinavyoweza Kuuzwa kwa Bei Nafuu? | first=Michael | last=Kan | work=[[PC World]] | date=16 Mei 2014 | access-date=16 Septemba 2021 | archive-date=16 Septemba 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916023805/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2156320/why-are-xiaomi-phones-so-cheap.html | url-status=live}}</ref> <!-- MOS:LEADLENGTH --> ==Listi ya baadhi ya simu za Xiaomi== *Xiaomi Mi 11: Ilizinduliwa mwaka 2020, ina kamera bora na utendaji wa hali ya juu. *Xiaomi Mi 11 Pro: Toleo la kuboreshwa la Mi 11 na sifa zaidi za kamera na utendaji. *Xiaomi Mi 11 Ultra: Simu yenye sifa za hali ya juu, hasa kwenye kamera na skrini. *Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro: Inajulikana kwa kamera yake bora na uwezo wa 5G. *Xiaomi Redmi Note 10: Simu ya bei nafuu na sifa nzuri za kamera. *Xiaomi Redmi Note 9 Pro: Inatoa utendaji mzuri kwa bei nafuu. *Xiaomi Poco X3: Simu yenye bei nafuu na utendaji mzuri. *Xiaomi Mi Mix 4: Inajulikana kwa muundo wake wa kuvutia na sifa za hali ya juu. *Xiaomi Redmi K40: Simu yenye bei nafuu na kamera bora. *Xiaomi Black Shark 4 Pro: Inalenga watumiaji wa michezo na ina utendaji wa hali ya juu. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Uhandisi]] kljv5v4buxzkv49iyiqajdtlkerlg7z 0 176843 1613952 1309894 2026-11-05T19:06:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613952 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Adsl connections.jpg|thumb|Router]] '''Router''' ni kifaa cha [[mtandao]] kinachotumika kuunganisha mitandao tofauti au kuunganisha vifaa vya mtandao ili kuruhusu uhamishaji wa data kati yao. Kifupi, router hufanya kama kituo cha kuunganisha vifaa vya mtandao na kusambaza data kati yao. Kazi kuu za router ni kusimamia trafiki ya mtandao, kubaini njia bora ya kusafirisha data kutoka kifaa kimoja hadi kingine, na kuhakikisha kuwa data inafika mahali inakotakiwa kwa usahihi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://my-technet.com/index.php/cisco/setting-up-netflow-on-cisco-routers/|title=Setting uo Netflow on Cisco Routers|publisher=MY-Technet.com date unknown|access-date=15 January 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714141500/http://my-technet.com/index.php/cisco/setting-up-netflow-on-cisco-routers/|archive-date=14 July 2011|accessdate=2023-11-24|archivedate=2011-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714141500/http://my-technet.com/index.php/cisco/setting-up-netflow-on-cisco-routers/}}</ref>. Katika muktadha wa nyumbani au ofisini, router mara nyingi hutumika kuunganisha [[kompyuta]], [[simu]], vifaa vya mkononi, na vifaa vingine vya mtandao ili viweze kushirikiana na mtandao wa ndani au hata kuungana na mtandao wa nje kama vile mtandao wa [[intaneti]]. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-teknolojia}} [[Jamii:Mawasiliano]] pufolp3vddxqqiz9in823a6bf8r4r98 0 176964 1613924 1309945 2026-11-05T18:38:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:PlayStation logo and wordmark.svg|thumb|PlayStation logo and wordmark]] '''PlayStation''' ni jina la [[biashara]] linalotumika kumaanisha safu ya michezo ya [[video]] na vifaa vya burudani vilivyotengenezwa na [[kampuni]] ya [[Sony Interactive Entertainment]]. PlayStation ilianza kama konsoli ya michezo ya video, lakini tangu kuanzishwa kwake mnamo mwaka [[1994]], imekuwa na mfululizo wa mifano na huduma zinazohusiana. [[Faili:Playstation logo colour.svg|thumb|Logo halisi yaPlayStation]] Konsoli za PlayStation zimekuwa maarufu sana kote ulimwenguni, na kila kizazi kipya kinachotolewa kinaongeza ubunifu na uwezo wa kiufundi. Baadhi ya mifano maarufu ni pamoja na [[PlayStation 1]], [[PlayStation 2]], [[PlayStation 3]], [[PlayStation 4]], na [[PlayStation 5]]. Kila konsoli inakuja na vifaa vya kudhibiti na inaweza kucheza michezo ya video ya hali ya juu<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/5475462/whats-the-father-of-the-playstation-doing-these-days |title=What's The Father of the PlayStation Doing These Days? |first=Brian |last=Ashcraft |date=February 19, 2010 |publisher=Kotaku |access-date=August 11, 2010 |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211001/http://kotaku.com/5475462/whats-the-father-of-the-playstation-doing-these-days |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/6239672.html |title='Father of the PlayStation' adopts new start up |first=Tom |last=Magrino |date=November 11, 2009 |website=IGN |access-date=August 11, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303103306/http://www.gamespot.com/news/6239672.html |archive-date=March 3, 2010 }}</ref>. Mbali na konsoli, PlayStation ina jukwaa la mtandaoni linaloitwa PlayStation Network (PSN), ambalo hutoa huduma kama vile kucheza michezo mkondoni, kupakua michezo na yaliyomo mengine, na kushirikiana na marafiki. ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] dfsu2lte66h1hy7hmo1u0tyzrjyfdnb 0 179300 1613979 1612787 2026-11-05T19:56:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Person |jina = Siana Nkya |picha = |maelezo_ya_picha = |tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = |mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = |tarehe_ya_kufariki = |mahala_alipofia = |majina_mengine = |anafahamika kwa = |kazi_yake = Mhadhiri |nchi = Tanzania }} '''Siana Nkya''' ni mtafiti na mwanataaluma wa [[jenetikia]] ya [[binadamu]], hasa kwenye ugonjwa wa [[selimundu]]. Kwa sasa ni mhadhiri mwandamizi katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Muhimbili|Chuo Kikuu cha Afya na Sayansi Shirikishi Muhimbili]] (MUHAS).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Siana Nkya (Research Technical Lead) {{!}} https://www.sickleinafrica.org|url=https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|work=www.sadacc.org|accessdate=2024-05-04|archive-date=2024-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315103929/https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Siana Nkya|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4KiFk6MAAAAJ&hl=en|work=scholar.google.com|accessdate=2024-05-04}}</ref>Nkya pia ni mwanzilishi wa [[chama]] cha wataalamu wa maswala jenetiki za binadamu Tanzania (THGO) ambapo ndio raisi wa kwanza wa chama hicho. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=About us – Tanzania Human Genetics Organization|url=https://thgo.or.tz/about-us/|accessdate=2024-05-04|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Siana Nkya (Research Technical Lead) {{!}} https://www.sickleinafrica.org|url=https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|work=www.sadacc.org|accessdate=2024-05-04|archive-date=2024-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315103929/https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Elimu== Nkya alipata shahada ya uzamili kutoka MUHAS mwaka 2016 ambapo alifanya utafiti kwa kushirikiana na ''King’s College'', London. Utafiti wake ulijikita kutafiti sababu za kijenetiki kwenye hemoglobini za vijusi. Moja ya mafanikio ya masomo yake ya uzamili ni kuanzisha kanzidata ya watu 1700 wenye ugonjwa wa selimundu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Siana Nkya (Research Technical Lead) {{!}} https://www.sickleinafrica.org|url=https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|work=www.sadacc.org|accessdate=2024-05-04|archive-date=2024-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315103929/https://www.sadacc.org/article/38874|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="H3Africa"/> Wakati wa masomo ya [[uzamili]] alifanya utafiti kwa kutumia taarifa za kijenetiki za waafrika kwa njia ijulikanayo kama ''Genome Wide Association (GWAS)'' kwa mara ya kwanza kwa ushirikiano na taasisi ya Wellcome Trust Sanger.<ref name="H3Africa"/> Ana shahada ya uzamivu ya [[Baolojia ya Molekuli]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]] (UDSM) mwaka 2007. Kama sehemu ya mafunzo yake ya shahada ya uzamivu alifanya [[utafiti]] kuhusu [[malaria]] akilenga alama usugu za kimolekuli za huko ''P. falciparum'' kwa kushirikiana na kituo cha utafiti cha Kemri Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, [[Mombasa, Kenya]]. Wakati huo huo, alihusika na kuanzisha ptogramu ya kupima watoto selimundu kwa watoto wachanga. <ref name = "H3Africa">{{cite web|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/19th-meeting-attendees/sianankya_photo/|title=Biography|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=|website=H3Africa Website|publisher=|access-date=15 March 2024|quote=|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315103912/https://h3africa.org/index.php/19th-meeting-attendees/sianankya_photo/|archivedate=2024-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pia alipata shahada ya kwanza kwenye Mikrobiolojia na Kemia kutoka UDSM mwaka 2004.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Siana Nkya – H3Africa|url=https://h3africa.org/index.php/19th-meeting-attendees/sianankya_photo/|accessdate=2024-05-04|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315103912/https://h3africa.org/index.php/19th-meeting-attendees/sianankya_photo/|archivedate=2024-03-15|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kazi== Nkya ni mhadhiri mwandamizi wa MUHAS ambapo ameanza kazi rasmi mwaka 2022. Kabla ya hapo alifanya kazi chuo ya ualimu cha Dar es Salaam (DUCE), UDSM huku akiwa ''honorary lecturer'' MUHAS.<ref name="H3Africa"/> ==Miradi ya kisayansi== * SPARCO * SCD Program * Sickle Charta ==Tuzo== * Fogarty Global Health Fellowship (2016/2017)<ref name="H3Africa"/>(2018-2020) * American Society of Hematology Global Research Award (2018-2020) * Emerging Global Leader award by Fogarty International Center (FIC) (2019-2024) * International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) (2020-2023) * Commonwealth Split-Site Fellowship<ref name="H3Africa"/> * African Academy of Science affiliate(2018-2022)<ref name="H3Africa"/> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wanawake Tanzania]] 728z37i4r0or6cm2w5fs3ozp9949bfe 0 179773 1613929 1523899 2026-11-05T18:45:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Snapdragon''' ni safu ya bidhaa za ''system on a chip'' (SoC) za [[semikonda]] zilizoundwa na kusambazwa na [[Qualcomm]] Technologies Inc. [[CPU]] ya Snapdragon hutumia muundo wa ARM. Kwa hiyo, Qualcomm mara nyingi huita Snapdragon kama jukwaa la simu. Vifaa vya Snapdragon vimeingizwa katika vifaa vya mifumo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[magari]], [[Android]], Windows Phone na netbuku.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | title=Snapdragon Phone Finder | publisher=Qualcomm | date=2015-12-08 | access-date=17 Aprili 2018 | archive-date=11 Januari 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111051204/https://www.qualcomm.com/snapdragon/devices/phone-finder | url-status=dead }}</ref> Mbali na michakato ya kiwango cha juu, safu ya Snapdragon inajumuisha modem, vifaa vya Wi-Fi, na bidhaa za malipo ya rununu. Snapdragon QSD8250 ilitolewa mnamo [[Desemba]] [[2007]]. Ilikuwa na prosesa ya kwanza ya 1 GHz katika [[simu za mkononi]]. Qualcomm iliwasilisha ''Krait Microarchitecture'' katika kizazi cha pili cha Snapdragon SoCs mnamo [[2011]], kuruhusu kila msingi wa prosesa kurekebisha kasi yake kulingana na mahitaji ya kifaa. Katika Maonyesho ya [[2013]] ya ''Consumer Electronics Show'', Qualcomm iliwasilisha ya kwanza ya mfululizo wa Snapdragon 800 na kuwapa tena mifano ya awali kama mfululizo wa 200, 400 na 600. Matoleo kadhaa mapya yameletwa tangu wakati huo, kama vile Snapdragon 805, 810, 615 na 410. Qualcomm ilibadilisha jina la bidhaa zake za modem chini ya jina la Snapdragon mnamo [[Februari]] [[2015]]. [[Asus]], [[HP]] na [[Lenovo]] wameanza kuuza [[Tarakilishi mpakato|laptopu]] zenye CPU za Snapdragon zinazoendesha [[Windows 10]] chini ya jina la ''Always Connected PCs'', kufanya kuingia katika soko la [[PC]] likiwa na Qualcomm na muundo wa ARM.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|title=ARM is going after Intel with new chip roadmap through 2020|work=Windows Central|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030131/https://www.windowscentral.com/arm-going-after-intel-new-chip-roadmap-through-2020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|title=Always Connected PCs, Extended Battery Life 4G LTE Laptops {{!}} Windows|website=Microsoft.com|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=11 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011070325/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/always-connected-laptop-pcs|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-teknolojia}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] lugrnvlxu0a0m6j0igrkk7xqi9cfutr 0 180555 1613857 1521131 2026-11-05T17:08:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613857 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monica Sagna''' (alizaliwa [[10 Juni]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa mchezo wa [[judo]] ya [[wanawake]]<ref name="judo_inside_profile">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Monica Sagna|url=https://www.judoinside.com/judoka/70121/Monica_Sagna/judo-results|access-date=19 December 2020|website=JudoInside.com}}</ref> kutoka nchini [[Senegal]]. Yeye ni mshindi wa [[medali]] mara tatu, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[dhahabu]], katika Michezo ya [[Afrika]]. Pia ameshinda medali nyingi katika Mashindano ya [[Judo]] ya Afrika. == Kazi == Aliibuka na moja ya medali za [[shaba]] katika tukio la wanawake la +78 kg katika Michezo ya Afrika ya mwaka [[2019]] iliyofanyika Rabat, Moroko.<ref name="judo_medalists_african_games_2019">{{Rejea tovuti|title=2019 African Games Judo Medalists|url=https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820201057/https://data.ijf.org/pdf/competition/2006/0|archive-date=20 August 2020|access-date=20 August 2020|website=International Judo Federation}}</ref> Mwaka 2020, alishinda moja ya medali za shaba katika tukio la wanawake la +78 kg katika Mashindano ya Judo ya Afrika yaliyofanyika Antananarivo, Madagascar.<ref name="results_african_judo_championships_2020">{{Rejea tovuti|title=2020 African Judo Championships|url=https://www.africajudo.org/competition/2044/results|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226021430/https://www.africajudo.org/competition/2044/results|archive-date=26 December 2020|access-date=26 December 2020|website=African Judo Union}}</ref> Katika Mashindano ya Judo ya Afrika ya mwaka [[2021]] yaliyofanyika [[Dakar]], Senegal, pia alishinda moja ya medali za shaba katika tukio lake.<ref name="rouhou_reclaims_title_on_final_day_of_african_judo_championships_2021">{{Rejea habari|last=Houston|first=Michael|date=23 May 2021|title=Rouhou reclaims title on final day of African Judo Championships|work=InsideTheGames.biz|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1108149/rouhou-reclaims-africa-judo-title|access-date=23 May 2021}}</ref> == Mafanikio == {| class="wikitable" !Mwaka !Mashindano !Sehemu !Matokeo !Tukio |- ! colspan="5" |Representing {{SEN}} |- | rowspan="2" |2010 | rowspan="2" |[[2010 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Yaounde]], [[Cameroon]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | align="center" |7th |Open category |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |[[2011 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] |{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- |[[Judo at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |{{flagicon|MOZ}} [[Maputo]], [[Mozambique]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- |2012 |[[2012 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Agadir]], [[Morocco]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- | rowspan="2" |2013 |[[2013 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] |{{flagicon|MOZ}} [[Maputo]], [[Mozambique]] | align="center" |5th |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- |[[Judo at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie|Francophone Games]] |{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Nice]], [[France]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | rowspan="2" |2014 | rowspan="2" |[[2014 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|MRI}} [[Port Louis]], [[Mauritius]] | align="center" |5th |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- | rowspan="3" |2015 | rowspan="2" |[[2015 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|GAB}} [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- |[[Judo at the 2015 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |{{flagicon|CGO}} [[Brazzaville]], [[Republic of the Congo|Congo]] | align="center" |5th |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | rowspan="2" |2016 | rowspan="2" |[[2016 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- | rowspan="2" |2017 | rowspan="2" |[[2017 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|MAD}} [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagascar]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Open category |- | rowspan="2" |2018 | rowspan="2" |[[2018 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisia]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- | bgcolor="silver" align="center" |2nd |Open category |- |2019 |[[Judo at the 2019 African Games|African Games]] |{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Rabat]], [[Morocco]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- |2020 |[[2020 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] |{{flagicon|MAD}} [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagascar]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |- |2021 |[[2021 African Judo Championships|African Championships]] |{{flagicon|SEN}} [[Dakar]], [[Senegal]] | bgcolor="cc9966" align="center" |3rd |Heavyweight (+78&nbsp;kg) |} == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Senegal]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} brn0h53z3zlvqaou4tde1gyt7xocg4u 0 180719 1614059 1540857 2026-11-05T21:27:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614059 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne''' (aliyezaliwa 30 Agosti 1986) ni rubani na mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka [[Chad]] kuwa nahodha wa ndege. == Maisha == Oki alihitimu na kupata stashahada ya baccalaureate mwaka 2003, na mwaka 2005 akaanza masomo yake huko Sabangali kwa shahada ya fedha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.interafriquenews.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-premiere-commandante-de-bord-tchadienne/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne, la première commandante de bord tchadienne|last=InterAfrique|date=2017-05-17|website=InterAfrique/Rebranding Africa Media|language=fr-FR|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2017-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103143441/http://www.interafriquenews.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-premiere-commandante-de-bord-tchadienne/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Baadaye, aliamua kuingia katika taaluma ya angani na leseni yake ya kwanza ya rubani alipewa huko [[Miami]] kwa ndege ya Hawker 900XPI.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.africatopsuccess.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-commandante-de-bord-au-tchad/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaïne, 1ère femme commandante de bord au Tchad|last=|first=|date=2020-02-14|website=Africa Top Success|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209125752/https://www.africatopsuccess.com/zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-commandante-de-bord-au-tchad/|archive-date=2024-12-09|access-date=2020-03-03|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tarehe 3 Mei 2017, Oki alipandishwa cheo kuwa nahodha, hivyo kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka Chad kuwa nahodha wa ndege.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.presidence.td/prd/fr-nws-385-AVIATION_CIVILE_UNE_PREMIERE_AU_TCHAD_.html|title=Site Officiel de la Présidence de la République du Tchad {{!}} AVIATION CIVILE : UNE PREMIERE AU TCHAD !|website=www.presidence.td|access-date=2020-03-03|archive-date=2019-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117233304/http://www.presidence.td/prd/fr-nws-385-AVIATION_CIVILE_UNE_PREMIERE_AU_TCHAD_.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo cha Marubani cha [[Ethiopia]] na alimaliza masaa 1500 ya kuruka kabla ya kuhitimu.<ref name=":0" /> Katika sherehe ya kuhitimu kwake, Mke wa Rais wa Chad, ''Hinda Deby Itno'' aliwaomba waliohudhuria kuinuka na kumshangilia Oki.<ref name=":0" /> Sherehe ilifanyika katika hoteli ya Hilton huko [[N'Djamena]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://tchadinfos.com/iyalat/iyalat-zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-tchadienne-commandante-de-bord/|title=Zenab Issa Oki Soumaine, 1ere femme tchadienne commandante de bord|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513120443/https://tchadinfos.com/iyalat/iyalat-zenab-issa-oki-soumaine-1ere-femme-tchadienne-commandante-de-bord/|archive-date=2021-05-13|access-date=|url-status=dead}}</ref> Oki alifanya kazi katika shirika la ndege la Burkina kabla ya kujiunga na floti ya anga ya rais huko Chad.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 2019, aliajiriwa na rais wa Chad kama rubani. Mafanikio yake yanachukuliwa kama mfano kwa wanawake vijana wengine kutoka Chad.<ref name=":1" /> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Chad]] k4u2py4kqgm6qvidceq1lj2zx66zelh 0 181656 1613955 1606321 2026-11-05T19:09:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613955 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Zaipuna''' ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (Mkurugenzi Mtendaji) wa [[Benki]] ya [[NMB (Tanzania)|NMB]] Plc. Alianza taaluma yake mnamo 2002 katika kampuni ya PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) ambapo kwa muongo mmoja alibobea katika ukaguzi wa benki na taasisi nyingine za kifedha. Katika PwC, Ruth alipanda ngazi hadi ngazi ya [[Mkurugenzi]] Mshiriki.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/nmb-profit-crosses-half-trillion-shillings/</ref><ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/person/ruth-zaipuna</ref> == Kazi == Ruth ana zaidi ya miongo miwili ya uzoefu katika majukumu ya uongozi katika [[Benki]] na Ukaguzi na ana rekodi iliyothibitishwa katika kuanzisha na kuongoza mabadiliko, Kwa kutambua uongozi wake wa kuleta mageuzi katika kuongoza Benki na kwa kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika kuinua sekta ya benki nchini [[Tanzania]] kwa ujumla, ametajwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Bora wa Kibenki wa Afrika (Tanzania) na Benki ya Afrika 4.0 Awards 2022 na 2023. Ruth pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima ya Uongozi wa Biashara barani [[Afrika]] 2022, na Jarida la [[Uongozi]] la Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-07 |archive-date=2024-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.biiafricabanksummit.com/awards/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207120393.html</ref>. Hapo awali Ruth aliwahi kuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Fedha (CFO) katika Benki ya NMB Plc kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Oktoba 2019. Wakati wa utumishi wake kama CFO, Kabla ya kujiunga na Benki ya NMB mwaka 2018, Ruth alikuwa Kiongozi wa Mshirika ya Kifedha na [[Biashara]] Afrika Mashariki, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, na CFO katika Benki ya [[Standard Chartered,|'''Standard Chartered''',]] na alifanya kazi na PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Tanzania, katika ukaguzi kwa takriban muongo mmoja.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ruth ni Mkurugenzi wa Kujitegemea na Mtendaji Mkuu wa Kampuni ya Saruji ya Portland Tanzania (TPCC) na mjumbe wa Bodi ya [[Mamlaka ya Bandari Tanzania]](TPA) na [[Shirika la Maendeleo ya Petroli Tanzania]] (TPDC).<ref>https://rocketreach.co/ruth-zaipuna-email_14452996</ref>. == Elimu == Ruth ni Mhasibu Aliyeidhinishwa na Umma (ACPA (T)). Ana [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] na Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) katika Fedha na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (B.Com) ya [[Uhasibu]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] bcu9lugcxb1203phsm30292irno27zc 1614089 1613955 2026-11-05T23:07:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614089 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Zaipuna''' ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (Mkurugenzi Mtendaji) wa [[Benki]] ya [[NMB (Tanzania)|NMB]] Plc. Alianza taaluma yake mnamo 2002 katika kampuni ya PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) ambapo kwa muongo mmoja alibobea katika ukaguzi wa benki na taasisi nyingine za kifedha. Katika PwC, Ruth alipanda ngazi hadi ngazi ya [[Mkurugenzi]] Mshiriki.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/nmb-profit-crosses-half-trillion-shillings/</ref><ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/person/ruth-zaipuna</ref> == Kazi == Ruth ana zaidi ya miongo miwili ya uzoefu katika majukumu ya uongozi katika [[Benki]] na Ukaguzi na ana rekodi iliyothibitishwa katika kuanzisha na kuongoza mabadiliko, Kwa kutambua uongozi wake wa kuleta mageuzi katika kuongoza Benki na kwa kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika kuinua sekta ya benki nchini [[Tanzania]] kwa ujumla, ametajwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Bora wa Kibenki wa Afrika (Tanzania) na Benki ya Afrika 4.0 Awards 2022 na 2023. Ruth pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima ya Uongozi wa Biashara barani [[Afrika]] 2022, na Jarida la [[Uongozi]] la Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-07 |archive-date=2024-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.biiafricabanksummit.com/awards/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207120393.html</ref>. Hapo awali Ruth aliwahi kuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Fedha (CFO) katika Benki ya NMB Plc kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Oktoba 2019. Wakati wa utumishi wake kama CFO, Kabla ya kujiunga na Benki ya NMB mwaka 2018, Ruth alikuwa Kiongozi wa Mshirika ya Kifedha na [[Biashara]] Afrika Mashariki, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, na CFO katika Benki ya [[Standard Chartered,|'''Standard Chartered''',]] na alifanya kazi na PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Tanzania, katika ukaguzi kwa takriban muongo mmoja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ruth ni Mkurugenzi wa Kujitegemea na Mtendaji Mkuu wa Kampuni ya Saruji ya Portland Tanzania (TPCC) na mjumbe wa Bodi ya [[Mamlaka ya Bandari Tanzania]](TPA) na [[Shirika la Maendeleo ya Petroli Tanzania]] (TPDC).<ref>https://rocketreach.co/ruth-zaipuna-email_14452996</ref>. == Elimu == Ruth ni Mhasibu Aliyeidhinishwa na Umma (ACPA (T)). Ana [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] na Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) katika Fedha na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (B.Com) ya [[Uhasibu]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] 4exf59460ab7fnignrf5it20llgyxjf 0 182371 1613919 1523638 2026-11-05T18:36:38Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613919 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Philo Ikonya at Göteborg Book Fair 2012.jpg|thumb|Philo Ikonya 2012]] '''Philo Ikonya''' ni mwandishi, mwanahabari na mwanaharakati wa [[haki za binadamu]] kutoka [[Kenya]]. Makala na vitabu vyake mara nyingi vinazungumzia ya kisiasa nchini Kenya. Alikuwa rais wa tawi la Kenya la chama cha kimataifa cha waandishi<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pen.org/rapid-action/pen-president-and-member-assaulted-by-police/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429044808/https://pen.org/rapid-action/pen-president-and-member-assaulted-by-police/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Baada ya kukamatwa mara kadhaa kwa uharakati wake mwaka wa 2009 akiwa chini ya ulinzi wa polisi, aliondoka Kenya kwa kile kilichoitwa uhamisho wa kisiasa.<ref>https://cityofasylum.org/sampsonia-way/</ref> ==Maisha ya Kitaaluma== Mbali na makala za jarida na magazeti, Ikonya amechapisha vitabu vya mashairi na riwaya mbalimbali ikiwemo iliyoitwa kwa jina la ''Kenya, Will You Marry Me?''<ref>https://cityofasylum.org/sampsonia-way/</ref> Pia alitafsiri kitabu cha mashairi cha mshairi wa Kichina Jidi Majia katika lugha ya Kiswahili.<ref>https://qz.com/africa/760197/for-the-first-time-a-collection-of-chinese-poems-has-been-translated-into-kiswahili</ref> Ikonya alisoma Chuo Kikuu cha Nairobi, ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili katika fasihi. Amefundisha semiotiki katika Chuo cha Tangaza ambacho ni tawi la Chuo Kikuu cha Kikatoliki cha Afrika Mashariki.<ref>.https://www.icorn.org/writer/philo-ikonya {{Wayback|url=https://www.icorn.org/writer/philo-ikonya |date=20180909033830 }}</ref> ==Uanaharakati== Akiwa nchini Kenya, Ikonya alikuwa akifanya kazi ya kutetea haki za binadamu na uharakati usio na ukatili na alikamatwa mara mbili tofauti mwaka wa 2007 na 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://pen.org/rapid-action/pen-president-and-member-assaulted-by-police/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-06-10 |archive-date=2023-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429044808/https://pen.org/rapid-action/pen-president-and-member-assaulted-by-police/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika maandamano ya mwaka wa 2008 dhidi ya rais wa wakati huo wa Kenya Mwai Kibaki, alisema, "Kila siku kuna kitu kinatokea ambacho kinaonyesha upande wa viongozi kutojali kwa hivyo kuna kutoridhika ama kukubaliana kwa ujumla."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7779965.stm</ref> Tarehe 18 Februari 2009, Ikonya na wengine wawili walikamatwa nje ya Bunge la Kenya kwenye maandamano dhidi ya mfumuko mkubwa wa bei. Akiwa chini ya ulinzi wa polisi, alipigwa sana na afisa wa polisi wa kiume. Baadaye mwaka huo huo, aliondoka Kenya na kwenda katika Jiji la Makimbilio la Kimataifa huko Oslo, Norway.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20180721221853/https://www.englishpen.org/campaigns/beyond-bars-philo-ikonya/</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:wanaharakati wa Kenya]] [[Jamii:Wiki4HumanRights 2024]] [[Jamii:Mashindano ya uandishi wa makala za haki za binadamu]] 74asomn0gdbdymblzz2e4fk9qa52ep5 0 183032 1613960 1525139 2026-11-05T19:36:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613960 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sanamu ya farasi ya Antonio Aguilar''' imewekwa katika Mnara wa Kihistoria wa [[El Pueblo de Los Ángeles]] huko [[Los Angeles]], katika jimbo la [[California]],<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Zavis|first=Alexandra|date=2012-09-17|title=Los Angeles unveils statue of Mexican singer-actor Antonio Aguilar|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-sep-17-la-me-0917-antonio-aguilar-20120917-story.html|access-date=2022-09-13|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308192030/https://www.latimes.com/local/la-xpm-2012-sep-17-la-me-0917-antonio-aguilar-20120917-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dan Medina, Antonio Aguilar (El Charro de Mexico), Olvera Street, Los Angeles|url=http://www.publicartinla.com/UnionStation/aguilar.html|access-date=2022-09-13|website=Public Art in LA|archive-date=2016-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306140903/http://www.publicartinla.com/UnionStation/aguilar.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Marekani]]. [[Sanamu]] hiyo iko kwenye kona ya Mtaa wa Los Angeles na Mtaa wa [[Alameda, California|Alameda]], mbele ya Kituo cha [[Union Township, Union County, New Jersey|Union]] cha jiji. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-historia}}{{Portal|California|Visual arts}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Marekani]] pcl5piyxzjjrh8zy4xk8iyhn5iq1p4s 0 183038 1613953 1524724 2026-11-05T19:07:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} [[Picha:Statue of Christopher Columbus at CA State Capitol.jpg| thumbnail|right|200px|Rufaa ya Mwisho ya Columbus kwa Malkia Isabella]] '''Columbus Last Appeal to Queen Isabella''' ni kikundi cha [[sanamu]] ambacho awali kiliwekwa katika Jengo la [[Capital city|Capitol]] la Jimbo la [[California]] huko [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] mnamo [[1883]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.capitolmuseum.ca.gov/exhibits-and-collections/queen-isabella|title=Queen Isabella - California State Capitol Museum in Sacramento, California|website=www.capitolmuseum.ca.gov|access-date=2020-06-19|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618070753/http://www.capitolmuseum.ca.gov/exhibits-and-collections/queen-isabella|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kazi hii iliundwa na Larkin Goldsmith Mead (1835-1910). Sanamu hizo zilitolewa mwaka 2020.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Dil|first=Cuneyt|url=https://apnews.com/c6ab9707e744352b0bebe47b054c1bd9|title=Columbus statue removed from California capitol rotunda|date=July 7, 2020|website=AP NEWS|access-date=July 7, 2020|archive-date=July 7, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707223203/https://apnews.com/c6ab9707e744352b0bebe47b054c1bd9|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-jio-USA}} [[Jamii:Sacramento, California]] ai67zo5367o1c60zmetzmkbx8sx8izk 0 183141 1613902 1612687 2026-11-05T18:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613902 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Stateofthecommons2017-o.svg|thumb|301x301px|Idadi ya kazi zilizoidhinishwa na Creative Commons kufikia 2017, kwa ''[https://stateof.creativecommons.org/ State of the Commons]'' taharifa]] Hii ni orodha ya kazi mashuhuri zinazopatikana chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons. Kazi zinazopatikana chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons zinazidi kuongezeka. Kumbuka kuwa kuna leseni nyingi za Creative Commons zenye tofauti muhimu. == Idadi ya kazi za Creative Commons == Uchambuzi uliofanywa mwezi Novemba 2014 ulibaini kuwa idadi ya kazi zilizo chini ya leseni ya Creative Commons (CC) katika hifadhidata kubwa na zinazoweza kutafutwa kupitia Google ilifikia kazi milioni 882. Zaidi ya hayo, kulikuwa na kurasa milioni tisa za wavuti zilizounganisha na mojawapo ya leseni za CC.<ref>[https://github.com/creativecommons/stateofthe/blob/master/data/notes.md State of the Commons: Notes and additional resources - Number of Creative Commons--licensed works] on [[github.com]] (November 2014)</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" !Jina la jukwaa !Idadi ya kazi (zilizopunguzwa kwa mamilioni, Novemba 2014) !Chanzo |- |[[Flickr]] |307 million |https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/ |- |Wikipedia (all pages in all languages) |111 million |[[meta:List of Wikipedias]] |- |[[MusicBrainz]] |39 million |https://musicbrainz.org/statistics https://musicbrainz.org/doc/About/Data_License |- |[[Freebase (database)|Freebase]] |39 million |https://developers.google.com/freebase/faq#how_big_is_freebase {{Wayback|url=https://developers.google.com/freebase/faq#how_big_is_freebase |date=20160428084544 }} |- |[[DeviantArt]] |15 million |https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/35540 |- |[[Geonames]] |10 million |http://www.geonames.org/about.html |- |[[YouTube]] |10 million |Source at YouTube |- |[[Google Search]] |301 million |[https://github.com/creativecommons/stateofthe/blob/master/data/google-currenttools.csv google-currenttools.csv], [https://github.com/creativecommons/stateofthe/blob/master/data/google-retiredtools.csv google-retiredtools.csv] |} Creative Commons pia inatoa injini ya utafutaji kwa hifadhidata kuu kama vile: Europeana, Open Clip Art Library, Pixabay, ccMixter na nyinginezo.<ref>[https://search.creativecommons.org/ CC search] on creativecommons.org</ref> == Serikali na mashirika baina ya serikali == Kufikia Januari 2016, serikali 31 na mashirika 7 ya kimataifa yalikuwa yameweka taarifa zao kupatikana kwa mujibu wa Creative Commons (CC) kulingana na creativecommons.org.<ref>[[creativecommonswiki:wiki/Government_use_of_Creative_Commons|Government use of Creative Commons]] on creativecommons.org (January 2016)</ref> Vilevile, mashirika kadhaa kutoka sekta ya GLAM (Maktaba, Majumba ya kumbukumbu, Kumbukumbu, na Majumba ya sanaa) yamefanya hivyo pia.<ref>[[creativecommonswiki:wiki/GLAM|GLAM]] on creativevommons.org (January 2016)</ref> == vitabu == Creative Commons hudumisha a[[creativecommonswiki:wiki/Category:Book|book list themselves]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" !Jina !Toleo la asili !Kutolewa kwa CC !Maelezo !Leseni !Marejeleo |- |''[[The Art of Unix Programming]]'' |2003 |2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317014053/http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 March 2005|title=The Art of Unix Programming|date=17 March 2005|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |book about the history and culture of [[Unix]] [[Computer programming|programming]] by [[Eric S. Raymond]] (with added proviso) |CC BY-ND 1.0 |<ref name="UnixProgramming">{{cite web|url=http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/|title=The Art of Unix Programming|accessdate=12 October 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050317014053/http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/|archivedate=17 March 2005}}</ref> |- |''[[A Briefer History of Time (Schulman book)|A Briefer History of Time]]'' |1999 |2004<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041130085714/http://members.bellatlantic.net/~vze3fs8i/bhtes/ A Briefer History of Time] "CC BY-ND-NC 1.0" (archived 2004)</ref> |science humor book by [[Eric Schulman]] |CC BY-ND-NC 1.0 | |- |[[Archimedes Palimpsest]] |3rd century BC |2008 |reconstructed and released by [[University of Pennsylvania Libraries|OPenn]] as [[Free Cultural Works]] |[[CC BY]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openn.library.upenn.edu/Data/0014/ArchimedesPalimpsest/|title=The Archimedes Palimpsest|date=|accessdate=2016-08-01|quote="All materials on OPenn are in the [[public domain]] or released under [[Creative Commons license]]s as [[Free Cultural Works]]"|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania Libraries]]}}</ref><ref name="rbtl">{{cite web|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/archimedes.html|title=Reading Between the Lines, ''Smithsonian Magazine''|accessdate=2009-03-31|archive-date=2008-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080119024939/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/archimedes.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="palimpsestproject">{{cite web|title=archimedespalimpsest|url=http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/digitalproduct1.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090221153000/http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/digitalproduct1.html|archivedate=21 February 2009|url-status=dead|quote="This data is released for use under a Creative Commons license, with attribution"}}</ref> |- |''[[Free Culture (book)|Free Culture]]'' |2004 | |by [[Lawrence Lessig]] (the first CC licensed book released by a major mainstream publisher, [[Penguin Group|Penguin Books]]) |CC BY-NC 1.0<ref name="now free">[http://www.lessig.org/2008/01/the-future-of-ideas-is-now-fre-1/ the-future-of-ideas-is-now-fre-1] on lessig.org</ref> | |- |''[[Freesouls]]'' |2008 |2010 (digital ebook) |book with essays and photos of key people of the free movement by [[Joi Ito]] |CC BY<ref name="freesouls">[http://freesouls.cc/ Free souls captured and released] "This is an celebration of all people who are willing to share" on freesouls.org</ref> | |- |''[[The Future of Ideas]]'' |2001 |2001 |by [[Lawrence Lessig]] (originally published by [[Random House]]) |CC BY-NC<ref name="now free" /> | |- |''[[The Future Of The Internet]]'' |2008 | |book by [[Jonathan Zittrain]] which discusses several legal issues regarding the [[Internet]] |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 | |- |''[[The Honour of the Knights]]'' |2009 |2009 |A [[science fiction]] novel by [[Stephen J Sweeney]] |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |''[[Meat Atlas]]'' |2014 |2014 |A collection of graphs and 27 essays on meat consumption and production by [[Friends of the Earth]] and [[Heinrich Böll Foundation]] |CC BY-SA |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.foeeurope.org/meat-atlas|title=Meat Atlas: facts and figures about the animals we eat|website=Friends of the Earth Europe|accessdate=7 July 2018|archive-date=2018-04-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422045513/http://www.foeeurope.org/meat-atlas|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Move Under Ground]]'' |2004 | |A [[horror novel]] [[wikt:mashup|mashup]] by [[Nick Mamatas]] |CC BY-NC-ND |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://manybooks.net/titles/mamatasnother07mug.html|title=Move Under Ground by Nick Mamatas|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Jargon file|The New Hacker's Dictionary]]'' |2003 (v4.4.7 by ESR) |2005 |by [[Eric S. Raymond]] (with added proviso) | | |- |''[[Warbreaker]]'' |2004 |2004 |by [[Brandon Sanderson]] |[[CC BY-NC-ND]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brandonsanderson.com/books/warbreaker/warbreaker/warbreaker-rights-and-downloads/|title=Warbreaker Rights and Downloads - Brandon Sanderson|website=brandonsanderson.com|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Little Brother (Doctorow novel)|Little Brother]]'' |2008 |2008 |by [[Cory Doctorow]] |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://craphound.com/littlebrother/download/|title=Download Little Brother For Free - Cory Doctorow's craphound.com|website=craphound.com|accessdate=7 July 2018|archive-date=2008-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724100611/http://craphound.com/littlebrother/download|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Peter Suber#Selected publications|Open Access]]'' |2012 |2012 |by [[Peter Suber]] (published by [[MIT Press]]) |CC BY | |- |''[[Blindsight (Watts novel)|Blindsight]]'' |2006 | |by [[Peter Watts (author)|Peter Watts]] |CC BY-NC-SA 2.5 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rifters.com/real/Blindsight.htm#CC|title=Blindsight by Peter Watts|first=Peter|last=Watts|website=www.rifters.com|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Code: Version 2.0]]'' |2006 | |by [[Lawrence Lessig]] dedicated to [[Wikipedia]]: "''the one surprise that teaches us more than everything here.''"<ref>[[Code Version 2.0]], at http://codev2.cc/download+remix/Lessig-Codev2.pdf "''the one surprise that teaches us more than everything here.''"</ref> |[[CC BY-SA]] 2.5 |<ref>[[Code Version 2.0]], at http://codev2.cc/download+remix/Lessig-Codev2.pdf</ref> |- |''[[Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy]]'' |2008 | |by [[Lawrence Lessig]] in describing the [[remix culture]] |[[CC BY-NC]] |<ref>[http://remix.lessig.org/remix.php Remix] on lessig.org</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/47089238/Remix|title=Remix|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402060619/https://www.scribd.com/doc/47089238/Remix|archive-date=2016-04-02|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[The Wealth of Networks]]'' |2006 |2006 |by [[Yochai Benkler]] |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>[http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/wealth_of_networks/Main_Page Wealth of Networks wiki]. [[Berkman Center for Internet & Society]] at [[Harvard University]]. Last accessed 16 Feb 2012.</ref> |- |''[[Stranger Things Happen]]'' |2001 |2005 |short horror stories by [[Kelly Link]], [[Salon.com|Salon]] Book of the Year |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://creativecommons.org/2008/11/10/kelly-link-on-creative-commons/|title=Kelly Link on Creative Commons|date=10 November 2008|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2011/07/14/135703690/tales-that-cast-spells-stranger-things-happen?t=1534791663766|title=Stranger Things Happen|website=[[NPR]]|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-931520-00-3|title=Fiction Book Review: STRANGER THINGS HAPPEN|accessdate=20 August 2018}}</ref> |} == Vichekesho == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[Bunny (webcomic)|Bunny]] |by Huw Davies |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 | |- |[[Diesel Sweeties]] |by Richard Stevens III |CC BY-NC 2.5 | |- |[[Erfworld]] | |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 | |- |[[Sandra and Woo#Gaia|Gaia]] |by Oliver Knörzer and Puri Andini |CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandraandwoo.com/gaia/about/#legal-stuff|title=Gaia » About / FAQ|access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> |- |[[Jesus and Mo]] |religious satire webcomic by Mohammed Jones |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 | |- |[[Johnny Wander]] |(the book publication form) | |<ref>{{cite web|last=Kale|first=Arun|title=Of Fretting Cats and Wandering Rooks|url=http://helterskelter.in/2010/10/of-fretting-cats-and-wandering-rooks/|work=Helter Skelter|publisher=Square One Media|access-date=15 December 2010|date=21 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228225403/http://helterskelter.in/2010/10/of-fretting-cats-and-wandering-rooks/|archive-date=28 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Mimi & Eunice]] |by [[Nina Paley]] |CC BY-SA 3.0 | |- |[[Overcompensating (webcomic)|Overcompensating]] | |CC BY-NC 3.0 | |- |[[Pepper & Carrot]] |by David Revoy |CC BY 4.0 | |- |[[Sandra and Woo]] |by Oliver Knörzer and Puri Andini |CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sandraandwoo.com/about/#legal-stuff|title=Sandra and Woo » About / FAQ|access-date=15 February 2023}}</ref> |- |[[Seedfeeder]]'s works for Wikipedia |by [[Seedfeeder]] |CC BY-SA 3.0, public domain | |- |[[xkcd]] |by [[Randall Munroe]] |CC BY-NC 2.5 |<ref>https://xkcd.com/license.html</ref> |- |[[Homem-Grilo]] |by [[Cadu Simões]] ([[:pt:Cadu Simões|pt]]) |CC BY-SA-4.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.visaooeste.com.br/homem-grilo-super-heroi-de-osasco-celebra-20-anos/|title=Homem-Grilo, super-herói de Osasco, celebra 20 anos|language=pt-br|date=2020-10-14|access-date=2021-03-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018184038/https://www.visaooeste.com.br/homem-grilo-super-heroi-de-osasco-celebra-20-anos/|archive-date=2020-10-18|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://homemgrilo.com/comemorando-os-20-anos-do-homem-grilo-com-o-copyleft-e-a-cultura-livre/|title=Comemorando os 20 anos do Homem-Grilo com o Copyleft e a Cultura Livre|language=pt-br|date=2020-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930084500/https://homemgrilo.com/comemorando-os-20-anos-do-homem-grilo-com-o-copyleft-e-a-cultura-livre/|archive-date=2020-09-30|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Rasilimali za elimu == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[OpenStax CNX|Connexions]] |academic course modules, hosted by [[Rice University]] |CC BY | |- |[[Khan Academy]] | |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |[[OpenLearn]] |Short articles, videos and extracts of courses maintained by [[The Open University]] |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |[[Open Courseware]] | |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |[[The Saylor Foundation]] |Peer-reviewed college courses and textbooks |CC BY | |- |[[WikiEducator]] | |CC BY-SA (default), CC BY, and CC0 | |- |[[Project Euler]] |Site hosting [[computer programming]] problems |CC BY-NC-SA | |} == Michezo == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[Cards Against Humanity]] |An adult [[party game]] using custom-printed cards |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardsagainsthumanity.com/|title=Cards Against Humanity|website=Cards Against Humanity|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Dungeons & Dragons]] System Reference Document 5.1 |The core rules of a popular fantasy role-playing game |CC BY 4.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Systems Reference Document (SRD)|url=https://dnd.wizards.com/resources/systems-reference-document|access-date=2023-03-05|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-01-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230107005402/https://dnd.wizards.com/resources/systems-reference-document|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Eclipse Phase (role-playing game)|Eclipse Phase]] |A [[transhuman]] [[science fiction]] role-playing game |CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Creative Commons License – Eclipse Phase|url=https://eclipsephase.com/cclicense/|access-date=2022-08-23|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |{{interlanguage link|Tagmar|pt}} |The first [[Brazil|Brazilian]] fantasy role-playing game fully developed in Brazil |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 Brasil |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tagmar - Licenciamento|url=https://www.tagmar.com.br/LicenciamentoUsado.aspx|access-date=2022-08-23|website=www.tagmar.com.br}}</ref> |- |[[Violence (role-playing game)|Violence]] |A heavily satirical role-playing game inspired by excessive violence in other role-playing games and video games | | |- |[[Secret Hitler]] |A [[Social deduction game|social deduction]] [[party game]] set in the [[Weimar Republic]] |CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 | |} == Michezo ya video == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[Cataclysm: Dark Days Ahead]] |ASCII graphic rogue like |Artwork and code under CC BY-SA | |- |[[Castle Crashers]] |One of the soundtracks of a proprietary game released under Creative Commons |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>[https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/9632 Castle Crashers Soundtrack Released Under CC License] (2008)</ref> |- |[[Glest]] / [[MegaGlest]] |A [[real-time strategy]] computer game in a fantasy setup. |Artwork under CC BY-SA | |- |[[Glitch (video game)|Glitch]] |[[Massively multiplayer online game|MMO]]. In 2013, most of the artwork and parts of the code were released under a creative commons license. |[[CC0]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glitchthegame.com/public-domain-game-art/|title=Glitch is Dead, Long Live Glitch! - Art & Code from the Game Released into Public Domain|quote=''The entire library of art assets from the game, has been made freely available, dedicated to the public domain. Code from the game client is included to help developers work with the assets. All of it can be downloaded and used by anyone, for any purpose.''|author=tinyspeck|date=2013-11-18|accessdate=2013-12-11|publisher=glitchthegame.com|archive-date=2013-12-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213073818/http://www.glitchthegame.com/public-domain-game-art/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2064273/afterlife-of-an-mmo-glitchs-offbeat-art-enters-public-domain.html|title=Afterlife of an MMO: Glitch's offbeat art enters public domain|first=Laura|last=Blackwell|date=2013-11-18|accessdate=2013-12-11|publisher=pcworld.com}}</ref> |- |[[Mari0]] |[[Super Mario (series)|Super Mario]] [[Video game clone|clone]] [[wikt:mashup|mashup]] with [[Portal (video game)|Portal]] |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |[[Clonk#OpenClonk|OpenClonk]] (former [[Clonk]]) |A computer game originally developed by RedWolf Design, later opened to the community. |Artwork under CC BY / CC BY-NC | |- |[[Ryzom]] |Ryzom is a [[FOSS|free and open source software]] [[Personal computer|PC]] [[Massively multiplayer online role-playing game|MMORPG]]. Originally developed and released 2004 by [[Nevrax]], since 2010 the [[source code]] is under the [[GNU Affero General Public License|AGPL]]<ref name="ryzom2010">{{cite web|url=http://dev.ryzom.com/news/13|title=Breakthrough for Free Software Gaming--Ryzom Announces Full Release of Source Code and Artwork, and a Partnership with the Free Software Foundation to Host a Repository of the Game's Artistic Assets|publisher=ryzom.com|date=|accessdate=2010-05-06}}</ref> and the artistic work is under CC BY-SA.<ref name="cc-ryzom">[https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/21906 Massively Multiplayer Game Ryzom Released as Free Culture and Free Software] on creativecommons.org (2010)</ref> |Artwork under CC BY-SA. |<ref name="cc-ryzom" /> |- |[[Sintel The Game]] |A game based on the [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation movie, [[Sintel]]. |CC BY | |- |[[The Adventures of Fatman]] |point and click adventure game |CC-SA-NC-ND | |- |[[Tyrian (video game)|Tyrian]] (now OpenTyrian) |[[Scrolling shooter]] |graphic assets under [[CC BY|CC BY 3.0 US]]<ref>[http://www.lostgarden.com/2007/04/free-game-graphics-tyrian-ships-and.html Free game graphics: Tyrian ships and tiles] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lostgarden.com/2007/04/free-game-graphics-tyrian-ships-and.html |date=20130927044331 }} on lostgarden.com by Daniel Cook (2007-04-04)</ref><ref>[http://www.lostgarden.com/2007/03/lost-garden-license.html Lost garden license] {{Wayback|url=http://www.lostgarden.com/2007/03/lost-garden-license.html |date=20121228011908 }} on lostgarden.com ''"All licensed items use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License"'' (2007)</ref> | |- |''[[Ur-Quan Masters|The Ur-Quan Masters]]'' (former [[Star Control II]]) |[[Action role-playing game|Action RPG]] |Artwork [[Cc-by-nc-sa]] |<ref name="uqm_license">{{cite web|url=http://wiki.uqm.stack.nl/The_Ur-Quan_Masters_Project_FAQ#Under_what_license_is_the_game_released.3F|title=The Ur-Quan Masters Project FAQ - Ultronomicon|website=wiki.uqm.stack.nl|accessdate=7 July 2018|archive-date=2024-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914175938/https://wiki.uqm.stack.nl/The_Ur-Quan_Masters_Project_FAQ#Under_what_license_is_the_game_released.3F|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Yo Frankie!]] |A game resulting from a cooperation between the [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation and the [[Crystal Space]] community |Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yofrankie.org/about-apricot/|title=Yo Frankie! license page|accessdate=2010-01-26|archive-date=2011-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110106021453/http://www.yofrankie.org/about-apricot/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Picha == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[deviantART]] |image artwork sharing website |various (15 million CC licensed) |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blog.creativecommons.org/2012/12/07/cc10-featured-platform-deviantart/|title=#cc10 Featured Platform: deviantART - Creative Commons|date=7 December 2012|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Flickr]] |user photo uploading and sharing service |various CC licenses (350 million CC images of 6+ billion images<ref>[https://www.flickr.com/creativecommons creativecommons] on flickr.com</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Flickr-Boasts-6-Billion-Photo-Uploads-215380.shtml|title=Flickr Boasts 6 Billion Photo Uploads|publisher=Softpedia|date=2011-08-05|accessdate=2012-03-01|first=Lucian|last=Parfeni}}</ref>) | |- |[[Mapillary]] |Over 30 million free photos |CC BY-SA | |- |[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |paintings and artworks |CC0 (375.000) |<ref>[http://metmuseum.org/blogs/digital-underground/2017/open-access-at-the-met open-access-at-the-met] on metmuseum.org</ref> |- |[[Mushroom Observer]] |collaborative amateur mycology database with approx. 600,000 observational photos<ref name="Statistics2016">{{cite web|title=Site Statistics|url=https://mushroomobserver.org/observer/show_site_stats|work=Mushroom Observer|accessdate=26 March 2016|quote=''Images 599669, Observations 208462, Listed Taxa 51072, Observed Taxa 13184, Authored Name Descriptions 4312, Defined Locations 12812, Authored Location Descriptions 847, Species Lists 685, Species List Entries 89263, Proposed IDs 299937, Comments 113454, Votes 418612, Members 6558''}}</ref><ref name="Wood">{{cite journal|last=Wood|first=Michael|date=Summer 2008|title=WebWatch: Observing Mushrooms|url=http://www.mykoweb.com/articles/Web%20Watch--Mushroom%20Observer.pdf|journal=Fungi Magazine|volume=1|issue=2|accessdate=8 October 2010}} Reproduced on the [http://www.mykoweb.com/blog/2009/webwatch-observing-mushrooms/ MykoWeb] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810135000/http://www.mykoweb.com/blog/2009/webwatch-observing-mushrooms/|date=2011-08-10}} website.</ref> |CC BY-SA or CC BY-NC-SA <ref name="Introduction">{{cite web|title=Introduction|url=https://mushroomobserver.org/observer/intro|work=Mushroom Observer|accessdate=8 October 2010}}</ref> | |- |[[Open Game Art]] |Media repository for software / game projects |CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0, others |<ref name="Felgo">{{cite web|title=16 Sites Featuring Free Game Graphics for Game Developers|url=https://felgo.com/game-resources/16-sites-featuring-free-game-graphics#_OpenGameArt.org|work=Felgo|accessdate=22 February 2019}}</ref> |- |[[Panoramio]] |Over 100 million photos |Various |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Panoramio&oldid=23723|title=Panoramio - Archiveteam|website=archiveteam.org|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Fortepan]] |archival photographs, and family snapshots of everyday life |CC BY-SA (100.000 images) | |- |[[Unsplash]] |user photo uploading and sharing service |CC0 prior to 5 June 2017 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Unsplash is a site full of free images for your next splash page|url=https://thenextweb.com/entrepreneur/2013/08/14/unsplash-is-a-site-full-of-images-you-can-use-freely-for-your-next-startups-splash-page/|website=The Next Web|date=14 August 2013|accessdate=2015-11-13|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://unsplash.com/license|title=License {{!}} Unsplash|last=Crew|website=unsplash.com|access-date=2017-02-20|archive-date=2015-11-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117015514/https://unsplash.com/license|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Wikimedia Commons]] |free image and data repository, stores Wikipedia images |various free CC licenses (40+ million images in 2018) | |- |} == Muziki == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |Airports for Music |By SheedyJaye |CC BY 3.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Airports for Music, by SheedyJaye|url=https://moderatepotatoe.bandcamp.com/album/airports-for-music|access-date=2020-10-22|website=Moderate Potatoe Multimedia|archive-date=2020-12-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222233757/https://moderatepotatoe.bandcamp.com/album/airports-for-music|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[ccMixter]] |Community music website |mostly CC BY-NC | |- |[[Free Music Archive]] | |Various | |- |[[The Freesound Project]] | |CC0, CC BY, CC BY-NC and Sampling Plus | |- |''[[Ghosts I–IV]]'' |By [[Nine Inch Nails]] |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref name="nin-commons">{{cite web|url=https://creativecommons.org/2008/05/05/another-nine-inch-nails-album-out-under-a-creative-commons-license/|publisher=creativecommons.org|title=Nine Inch Nails' "The Slip" out under a Creative Commons license|date=May 5, 2008|first=Eric|last=Steuer|access-date=February 21, 2020}}</ref> |- |#hot111 Charts |By starfrosch |CC BY CC BY-SA |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://starfrosch.com/hot-100/|publisher=starfrosch|title=#hot11 charts|accessdate=2024-06-22|archive-date=2018-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213005238/https://starfrosch.com/hot-100/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[Jamendo]] | |Various | |- |[[NINJAM]] |Music files/archive |CC BY-SA | |- |''[[Palm Mall]]'' |By [[Cat System Corp.]] |CC BY 3.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://catsystemcorp.bandcamp.com/album/palm-mall|title=''Palm Mall''|date=2 October 2014|access-date=14 April 2022|last=猫 シ Corp.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230121234/https://catsystemcorp.bandcamp.com/album/palm-mall|archive-date=30 December 2014|url-status=live|via=[[Bandcamp]]}}</ref> |- |''[[Pulse of the Earth]]'' |By [[Hungry Lucy]] |CC BY-SA |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.hungrylucy.com/album/pulse-of-the-earth|publisher=Hungry Lucy|title=Pulse of the Earth}}</ref> |- |''[[The Slip (album)|The Slip]]'' |By Nine Inch Nails |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref name="LA Weekly">{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/music/music/nine-inch-nails-radiohead-free-music-and-creative-competition/18995/|title=Nine Inch Nails, Radiohead, Free Music and Creative Competition – Page 1 – Music – Los Angeles – ''LA Weekly''|last=Carr|first=Daphne|date=May 28, 2008|website=[[LA Weekly]]|accessdate=July 21, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226212248/http://www.laweekly.com/2008-05-29/music/trade-your-heroes-for-ghosts/|archivedate=2008-12-26}}</ref><ref name="nin-commons" /> |- |''[[Jonathan Coulton]]'' |Jonathon Coulton's Works |CC BY-NC 3.0 |<ref name="FAQ - Jonathan Coulton">{{cite web|url=https://www.jonathancoulton.com/faq/#can-i-use-a-song-in-my-student-filmpodcastawesome-dance-remix|title=Can I use a song in my student film/podcast/awesome dance remix?|accessdate=December 9, 2017}}</ref> |- |''[[Paul and Storm]]'' |Paul and Storm's Works |CC 2.5 By Attribution NonCommercial and ShareAlike | |- |''[[Open Goldberg Variations]]'' | |CC0<ref>[http://heise.de/-1585806 "Goldberg Variationen: Johann Sebastian Bach als 'Creative Commons Zero'"], [[Heise Online]], 29 May 2012</ref> | |- |[[Cloudkicker]] |By Ben Sharp |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 | |} == Habari == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]'s broadcasting footage |On January 13, 2009, some broadcasting content from Al Jazeera on the [[2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict]] was released. |CC BY 3.0 |<ref name="AlJazeera1">{{cite web|url=https://creativecommons.org/weblog/entry/12049|title=Al Jazeera Launches Creative Commons Repository|last=Benenson|first=Fred|date=2009-01-13|publisher=creativecommons.org|accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera2">{{cite web|url=https://creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/12166|title=Al Jazeera Announces Launch of Free Footage Under Creative Commons License|last=Steuer|first=Eric|date=2009-01-13|publisher=creativecommons.org|accessdate=2009-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090118071005/http://creativecommons.org/press-releases/entry/12166|archive-date=2009-01-18|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera3">{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/01/11/technology/jazeera.php|title=Al Jazeera provides an inside look at Gaza conflict|last=Cohen|first=Noam|date=2009-01-11|publisher=[[International Herald Tribune]]|accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera4">{{cite web|url=http://cc.aljazeera.net/content/launch-press-release|title=Al Jazeera Announces Launch of Free Footage under Creative Commons License|publisher=Al Jazeera Creative Commons Repository|accessdate=2009-01-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121191159/http://cc.aljazeera.net/content/launch-press-release|archivedate=2009-01-21}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera5">{{cite web|url=http://www.paidcontent.co.uk/entry/419-al-jazeera-offers-creative-commons-video-lessig-lends-backing/|title=Al Jazeera Offers Creative Commons Video, Lessig Lends Backing|last=Andrews|first=Robert|date=2009-11-14|publisher=paidcontent.co.uk|accessdate=2009-01-19|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627070307/http://paidcontent.co.uk/article/419-al-jazeera-offers-creative-commons-video-lessig-lends-backing/|archivedate=2009-06-27}}</ref><ref name="AlJazeera6">{{cite web|url=http://joi.ito.com/weblog/2009/01/14/al-jazeera-laun.html|title=Al Jazeera Launches Creative Commons Repository|last=Ito|first=Joi|date=2009-01-14|publisher=joi.ito.com|accessdate=2009-01-19}}</ref> |- |[[Agência Pública]] |Online Investigative Journalism outlet with texts in [[Brazilian Portuguese|Portuguese]], [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. |CC BY-ND 4.0 |<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://apublica.org/about-us/|title=About us - Agência Pública|accessdate=2021-04-02|archive-date=2021-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402190413/https://apublica.org/about-us/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://br.creativecommons.net/2014/02/07/jornalismo-de-interesse-publico-e-licenciamento-aberto/|title=Jornalismo de interesse público e licenciamento aberto|language=pt-br|date=2014-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402201514/https://br.creativecommons.net/2014/02/07/jornalismo-de-interesse-publico-e-licenciamento-aberto/|archivedate=2021-04-02|accessdate=2021-04-02|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |[[Corbeau News Centrafrique]] |French-language news site from the Central African Republic |CC BY-SA 4.0 |<ref>[https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/qui-sommes-nous/ QUI SOMMES-NOUS?]</ref> |- |[[Democracy Now!]] |Internationally syndicated radio and TV news program. All transcripts from broadcasts are republished online and released under a Creative Commons license. |[[CC BY-NC-ND]] 4.0 US |<ref name="theconversation.com">{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/global/republishing-guidelines|title=Republishing guidelines — The Conversation|website=theconversation.com|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]] |Online news outlet written by academics and researchers. Localised editions exist for Australia, Africa, Canada, France, Indonesia, the UK and the US. |[[CC BY-ND]] 4.0 |<ref name="theconversation.com" /> |- |[[Deshabhimani]] |[[Malayalam]] language newspaper |[[CC BY]] 4.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/termsofuse|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602201832/https://www.deshabhimani.com/termsofuse|archivedate=2 June 2021|accessdate=2 June 2021|title=Terms of Use}}</ref> |- |[[Global Voices (NGO)|Global Voices]] |International journalism organisation publishing in over 40 languages. |[[CC BY]] 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://globalvoices.org/about/global-voices-attribution-policy/|title=Global Voices · Republishing Guidelines|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Haitian Times]] |Online newspaper for the Haitian diaspora in the United States. |[[CC BY-ND]] 4.0 | |- |[[La Stampa]] |3rd biggest newspaper of Italy. |[[CC BY-NC-ND]] 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lastampa.it/2015/12/19/cultura/opinioni/editoriali/condividere-gli-articoli-de-la-stampa-s-ecco-come-gmS0fZpMCDcyjd21c2jT6J/pagina.html|title=La Stampa adotta la licenza Creative Commons per la condivisione degli articoli|date=19 December 2015|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018|archive-date=2017-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203232728/http://www.lastampa.it/2015/12/19/cultura/opinioni/editoriali/condividere-gli-articoli-de-la-stampa-s-ecco-come-gmS0fZpMCDcyjd21c2jT6J/pagina.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[OpenDemocracy]] |International online news website. Specific articles are released under a Creative Commons license. |[[CC BY-NC]] 4.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/about/syndication|title=Licensing|website=openDemocracy|accessdate=7 July 2018|archive-date=2019-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226222046/https://www.opendemocracy.net/about/syndication|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[ProPublica]] |US news website. |[[CC BY-NC-ND]] 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.propublica.org/steal-our-stories/|title=Steal Our Stories — ProPublica|website=ProPublica|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Tasnim News Agency]] |Iranian news agency publishing in [[Persian language|Persian]], [[English language|English]], [[Arabic]], [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and [[Urdu]]. |[[CC BY]] 4.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/about|title=Tasnim News Agency - Tasnim News Agency|publisher=|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[TorrentFreak]] |News blog. Text licensed under a Creative Commons license. |[[CC BY-NC]] 3.0 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Copyright|url=https://torrentfreak.com/copyright/|website=TorrentFreak|accessdate=27 October 2018}}</ref> |- |[[WikiTribune]] |News website with crowdsourced fact-checking, proofreading and editing. Published in [[English language|English]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. |[[CC BY]] or [[CC BY-SA]] 4.0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wikitribune.com/project/copyright/|title=Copyright|website=WikiTribune|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |} == Maarifa, utafiti na sayansi == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[OpenSeaMap]] | |CC SA-BY 2.0 / [[Open Data Commons Open Database License|ODbL]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openseamap.org/index.php?id=faq&L=1|title=OpenSeaMap: Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=[[OpenSeaMap]].org|accessdate=April 28, 2012}}</ref> |- |[[OpenStreetMap]] |Until September 2012; switched to [[Open Database License|ODbL]] |CC BY-SA 2.0 for certain content |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright|title=OpenStreetMap: Copyright and License|publisher=[[Openstreetmap.org]]|accessdate=April 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>[[OpenStreetMap#Licensing terms]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Legal_FAQ|title=Legal FAQ - OpenStreetMap Wiki|website=wiki.openstreetmap.org|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[SNPedia]] |Database of [[single nucleotide polymorphisms]] |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>{{cite web|title=SNPedia:Copyrights|url=http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/SNPedia:Copyrights|work=SNPedia|accessdate=November 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622070957/https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/SNPedia:Copyrights|archivedate=2024-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Hifadhidata na data == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeoi |- |[[OpenSeaMap]] | |CC SA-BY 2.0 / [[Open Data Commons Open Database License|ODbL]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://openseamap.org/index.php?id=faq&L=1|title=OpenSeaMap: Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=[[OpenSeaMap]].org|accessdate=April 28, 2012}}</ref> |- |[[OpenStreetMap]] |Until September 2012; switched to [[Open Database License|ODbL]] |CC BY-SA 2.0 for certain content |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright|title=OpenStreetMap: Copyright and License|publisher=[[Openstreetmap.org]]|accessdate=April 28, 2012}}</ref><ref>[[OpenStreetMap#Licensing terms]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Legal_FAQ|title=Legal FAQ - OpenStreetMap Wiki|website=wiki.openstreetmap.org|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[SNPedia]] |Database of [[single nucleotide polymorphisms]] |CC BY-NC-SA |<ref>{{cite web|title=SNPedia:Copyrights|url=http://www.snpedia.com/index.php/SNPedia:Copyrights|work=SNPedia|accessdate=November 15, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240622070957/https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/SNPedia:Copyrights|archivedate=2024-06-22|url-status=dead}}</ref> |} == Teknolojia, ramani na mapishi == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Maelezo |- |[[Arduino]] | |CC BY-SA | |- |[[Dragonbox Pyra]] |pre-release [[schematics]] released in November 2016 |[[CC BY-NC-SA]] |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pyra-handheld.com/boards/threads/power-memory-and-schematics.78631/|title=Power, Memory and Schematics|publisher=pyra-handheld.com by|author=Michael Mrozek|quote=As promised, the Pyra will be more open than the Pandora and Nikolaus had some time to clean up the schematics! Attached to this post are the schematics for the current revision (5.1.3) of the Pyra. Unless a bug is found, these won't change anymore.[...] License is CC BY-NC-SA|date=2016-11-20}}</ref> |- |[[Free Beer]] |In December 2004 [[Cooking recipe|brewing recipe]], brand and label artwork released under CC by [[Superflex]] and students of the [[IT University of Copenhagen]] |CC BY-SA |<ref>[http://freebeer.org/blog/faq How can a beer be "free"?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802003325/http://freebeer.org/blog/faq|date=2015-08-02}} on freebeer.org "The recipe and the FREE BEER brand is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license, which basically means that anyone can use our recipe to brew the beer or to create a derivative of our recipe."</ref> |- |[[OpenMoko]] [[Neo Freerunner]] |CAD, [[schematics]] etc. files in 2008 |CC BY-SA 3.0 |<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080312054147/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080304.WBcyberia20080304133308/WBStory/WBcyberia/ Linux goes walkabout] by Jack Kapic on theglobeandmail.com (March 4, 2008)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905183025/http://downloads.openmoko.org/developer/schematics/ schematics] on openmoko.com</ref> |} == Video na filamu == Creative Commons kudumisha a [[creativecommonswiki:wiki/Category:Film|film list themselves]]. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jina ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |''[[Big Buck Bunny]]'' |Product of the second [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation Open Movie Project, released in 2008. |BY |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/index.php/about/|title=Big Buck Bunny about page|accessdate=2010-01-26|archive-date=2013-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130411012325/http://www.bigbuckbunny.org/index.php/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Code Rush]]'' |2000 documentary of Netscape's last year as an independent company, focusing on the rush to make Mozilla's [[source code]] ready for its release deadline.<ref>{{cite web|author=Project Code Rush|url=http://clickmovement.org/coderush|title=Project Code Rush|publisher=clickmovement.org|date=|accessdate=2012-08-17}}</ref> |BY-NC-SA 3.0 US |<ref>{{cite web|author=Code Rush in the Creative Commons|url=http://waxy.org/2009/07/code_rush_in_the_creative_commons/|title=Code Rush in the Creative Commons|publisher=Waxy.org|date=31 July 2009|accessdate=2010-02-02}}</ref> |- |''[[The Yes Men Fix the World]]'' |English language documentary film about the culture jamming exploits of The Yes Men. |CC BY-NC-ND |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theyesmen.org/|title=The Yes Men|accessdate=2020-11-30}}</ref> |- |''[[Decay (2012 film)|Decay]]'' |Zombie film made at [[CERN]] |CC BY-NC |<ref name="Wired">{{cite magazine|last=Wattercutter|first=Angela|title=Physics Students Make Zombie Movie Decay Deep Within the Bowels of CERN|url=https://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/10/cern-zombie-movie-decay/|magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]|date=31 October 2012|accessdate=22 November 2012|archive-date=2012-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114064608/http://www.wired.com/underwire/2012/10/cern-zombie-movie-decay/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |''[[Elephants Dream]]'' |Product of the first [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation Open Movie Project, released in 2006 |CC BY |<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://orange.blender.org/blog/creative-commons-license-2/|title=Elephants Dream license page|accessdate=2010-01-26}}</ref> |- |''[[Lavorare con lentezza]]'' |2004 Italian drama directed by [[Guido Chiesa]]. |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |[[Life Wasted]] |by [[Pearl Jam]] in 2006, first [[music video]] from a [[major record label]] to be CC licensed |CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 |<ref>[https://www.cnet.com/news/pearl-jam-releases-video-under-creative-commons-license/ pearl-jam-releases-video-under-creative-commons-license] on cnet.com (2006)</ref> |- |''[[Nasty Old People]]'' |A 2009 film in Swedish by Hanna Sköld |CC BY-NC-SA | |- |''[[RiP!: A Remix Manifesto]]'' |a 2008 [[Open-source film|open-source]] documentary film about "the changing concept of [[copyright]]" and the [[remix culture]]<ref>Kirsner, Scott. [http://cinematech.blogspot.com/2007/10/cinematech-filmmaker-q-brett-gaylor-of.html "CinemaTech Filmmaker Q&A: Brett Gaylor of Open Source Cinema".]</ref><ref>Sinnott, Shane. "[http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/032907/load.html The Load-Down] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630225243/http://www.montrealmirror.com/2007/032907/load.html|date=2007-06-30}}", ''[[Montreal Mirror]]'', 2007-03-29. Accessed 2008-06-30</ref> directed by [[Brett Gaylor]] |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0<ref>[[creativecommonswiki:wiki/Case_Studies/RIP:_A_Remix_Manifesto|IP:_A_Remix_Manifesto]] on creativecommons.org</ref> | |- |''[[Sita Sings the Blues]]'' |feature-length animated film by [[Free culture movement|free culture]] activist [[Nina Paley]] |CC0 |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.ninapaley.com/2013/01/18/ahimsa-sita-sings-the-blues-now-cc-0-public-domain/|title=Ahimsa: Sita Sings the Blues now CC-0 "Public Domain" « Nina Paley's Blog|website=blog.ninapaley.com|date=18 January 2013|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |''[[Sanctuary (short film)|Sanctuary]]'' |A re-mixable Science fiction film | | |- |''[[Sintel]]'' |Product of the third [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation Open Movie Project, released in 2010 | | |- |''[[Star Wreck]]'' |Amateur movie parodies of ''Star Trek'' and ''Babylon 5'' (in Finnish) | | |- |''[[Tears of Steel]]'' |The fourth [[Blender (software)|Blender]] Foundation Open Movie Project, released in September 2012. |CC BY | |- |''[[Where are the Joneses]]'' |online sitcom (series) |CC BY-SA | |} == Tovuti == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;" ! style="width:20%" |Jinba ! style="width:50%" |Maelezo ! style="width:25%" |Leseni !Alexa Ranking <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Alexa - Competitive Analysis, Marketing Mix, and Website Traffic|url=https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo|access-date=2022-01-01|website=www.alexa.com|archive-date=2007-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110021954/http://www.alexa.com/data/details/traffic_details?&range=5y&size=large&y=t&url=wikipedia.org|url-status=dead}}</ref> ! style="width:5%" |Marejeo |- |[[Anatomography]] | |CC BY-SA | | |- |[[Association for Progressive Communications]] | |CC BY-SA | | |- |[[BdFISH]] | |CC BY-NC-ND | |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bdfish.org|title=BdFISH - Bangladesh Fisheries Information Share Home|website=www.bdfish.org|accessdate=7 July 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Boing Boing]] |Popular blog |CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 (most) | | |- |Devopedia |An open community platform for developers by developers to explain technology in a simple, clear and unopinionated way. |CC BY-SA 4.0 (non-code content) | |<ref>{{cite web|url=https://devopedia.org/site-map/about-devopedia|title=About Devopedia|website=www.devopedia.org|accessdate=3 September 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Fandom (website)|Fandom]] |Since June 2009 |CC BY-SA | | |- |[[Identi.ca]] | |CC BY | | |- |[[Internet Archive]] | |Various |170 | |- |[[gnu.org]] | |Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License | | |- |[[Mozilla Foundation|Mozilla website]] |Home of the Mozilla Project |CC BY-SA |166 | |- |[[RationalWiki]] | |CC BY-SA | |<ref>{{cite web|title=RationalWiki:Copyrights|url=https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights|website=RationalWiki|accessdate=5 November 2018|archive-date=2018-11-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181105231933/https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/RationalWiki:Copyrights|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |[[SCP Foundation]] |The SCP Wiki is a collaborative [[urban fantasy]] writing website about the fictional SCP Foundation, a secretive organization that contains anomalous or supernatural items and entities away from the eyes of the public.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The SCP Foundation|url=https://scp-wiki.wikidot.com/about-the-scp-foundation|access-date=2021-09-03|website=The SCP Foundation|language=en}}</ref> |CC BY-SA | |<ref name=":0" /> |- |[[Stack Overflow]] | |CC BY-SA |57 | |- |[[The Public Domain Review]] |Online journal showcasing public domain works. |CC BY-SA (unquoted text in collection posts and articles only) | |<ref>{{cite web|title=Using Material from Our Site|url=https://publicdomainreview.org/legal/|website=The Public Domain Review|accessdate=4 November 2018}}</ref> |- |[[Uncyclopedia]] |Satirical online encyclopedia. |CC BY-NC-SA | |<ref>[[uncyclopedia:Uncyclopedia:Copyrights|Uncyclopedia:Copyrights]]. ''Uncyclopedia''. Retrieved 16 March 2021.</ref> |- |[[Wikimedia projects]] including [[Wikipedia]] |Since June 2009; over 80 million items |Text CC BY-SA (plus GFDL in most cases); some in CC BY and CC-0; hosted content also in [[public domain]] and various licenses. | | |- |[[Wikitravel]] | |CC BY-SA | | |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Reflist|30em}} [[Jamii:Kazi zenye leseni za Creative Commons]] 2c5p4jk69dd850g3urn6h13jl7dknef 0 183991 1614102 1343124 2026-11-05T23:51:44Z Vysotsky 16062 +/- faili 1614102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Mericus Casaubonus, PA04225.jpg|thumb|Mchoro wa Mstari wa Meric Casaubon na Pieter Stevens van Gunst, baada ya Adriaen van der Werff, uliochapishwa 1709]] '''Meric Casaubon''' ([[14 Agosti]] [[1599]] huko Geneva – [[14 Julai]] [[1671]] huko Canterbury), mwana wa Isaac Casaubon, alikuwa mwanazuoni wa [[Ufaransa]]-[[Uingereza]] wa masuala ya kiklasiki. Alikuwa wa kwanza kutafsiri Meditations ya Marcus Aurelius kwa [[Kiingereza]]. Ingawa kamusi za kibiografia (ikiwa ni pamoja na Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition) mara nyingi zilisisitiza jina lake kuwa Méric, yeye mwenyewe hakufanya hivyo.<ref>At the end of a letter written by Casaubon in May 1634, he signed himself, unaccented, Meric. (Canterbury Cathedral Archives, '''CCA-DCc-ChChLet/IV/1/3''') A summons issued to him in July 1644 addresses him unaccented.('''CCA-LitMs/A/15''') As Receiver General at Canterbury Cathedral, he signed his accounts of November 1660 unaccented. ('''CCA-DCc-PET/327''') He signed his will, dated 23 February 1669/70, unaccented.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1599]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1671]] fdbejdi8ypudmg3hec042si37qzn8rp 0 184775 1613821 1519370 2026-11-05T16:04:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613821 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margareta Trnková-Hanne''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Margareta Hanne'''; amezaliwa 17 Novemba [[1976]]) ni [[mwanamichezo]] wa kike wa zamani wa riadha na tenisi kutoka Jamhuri ya [[Ucheki]] ambaye ni kiziwi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes.asp?7665 |title=Margareta Trnkova-Hanne |website=Deaflympics |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2018-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103193528/https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes.asp?7665 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ameiwakilisha Jamhuri ya Ucheki katika michezo ya viziwi upande wa tenisi na riadha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.csns-atletika.wz.cz/atleti/hannemargareta.htm |title=Trnková-Hanne Margareta |website=csns-atletika.wz.cz |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013648/http://www.csns-atletika.wz.cz/atleti/hannemargareta.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Margareta Hanne alishiriki katika Michezo ya Majira ya Joto ya Viziwi mwaka 1993, 1997, 2001, 2005, na 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.sknbrno.net/atletika/foto/2007/me/me.htm |title=SKN Brno |website=sknbrno.net |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073040/http://www.sknbrno.net/atletika/foto/2007/me/me.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Pia alishinda medali nne za dhahabu katika michezo ya viziwi upande wa wanawake kwa 100m na 200m. <ref>{{Rejea habari |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/czech-athletes-return-triumphant-from-melbourne-deaf-olympics |title=Czech athletes return triumphant from Melbourne Deaf Olympics |website=Radio Prague |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2023-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413095104/https://english.radio.cz/czech-athletes-return-triumphant-melbourne-deaf-olympics-8094981 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://sport.aktualne.cz/ostatni-sporty/handicapovanym-kraluje-malerova/r~i:article:73278/?redirected=1514972393 |title=Handicapovaným kraluje Maléřová |date=2006-02-07 |work=Aktuálně.cz |access-date=2018-01-03 |language=cs |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013735/https://sport.aktualne.cz/ostatni-sporty/handicapovanym-kraluje-malerova/r~i:article:73278/?redirected=1514972393 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://websites.sportstg.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=0-2809-0-0-0&a=RESULTS&rP=2 |title=Melbourne 2005 Deaflympic Games - Athletics |website=SportsTG |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2018-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104073211/http://websites.sportstg.com/assoc_page.cgi?c=0-2809-0-0-0&a=RESULTS&rP=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pia aliteuliwa kwa tuzo ya Mwanamichezo Kiziwi wa Mwaka ya ICSD mwaka 2001 na 2005, hasa kwa mafanikio yake katika Michezo ya Viziwi ya 2001 na 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.deaflympics.com/news.asp?1058 |title=News |website=Deaflympics |access-date=2018-01-03 |archive-date=2017-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022650/http://www.deaflympics.com/news.asp?1058 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/margareta-hanne Margareta Trnková-Hanne] at Deaflympics {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:wanamichezo wa Ucheki]] [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania]] ky30vbxb56xf0b6w64efjbp8eezivka 0 185011 1614087 1387677 2026-11-05T23:03:53Z Katin pusku 93609 File 1614087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:David Lynch (cropped edit).jpg|thumb|David Lynch (2009)]] [[File:Isabella Rossellini David Lynch Cannes.jpg|thumb|Isabella Rossellini & David Lynch (1990)]] '''David Keith Lynch''' (Januari 20, 1946- Januari 15, 2025) alizaliwa huko [[Missoula]], [[Montana]], [[Marekani]]. Baba yake, Donald Walton Lynch, alikuwa mtafiti wa kilimo, na mama yake, Edwina "Sunny" Lynch, alikuwa mwalimu wa lugha ya Kiingereza. Lynch alikulia katika mazingira ya mijini na vijijini, ambayo baadaye yalikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika kazi zake za kisanii. Lynch alianza safari yake ya sanaa akiwa bado mdogo, akionyesha mapenzi makubwa kwenye kuchora na kupaka rangi. Baada ya kuhitimu shule ya upili, alijiunga na chuo cha Corcoran cha Sanaa na Ubunifu huko [[Washington, D.C.]], na baadaye chuo cha sanaa cha Pennsylvania. Wakati akiwa [[Pennsylvania]], alianza kupendezwa na sinema na kuanza kutengeneza filamu fupi. Filamu ya kwanza ya Lynch iliyotambulika kimataifa ilikuwa "Eraserhead" (1977), ambayo ilichukua miaka mitano kukamilika. Filamu hii ilipokelewa kwa hisia mchanganyiko lakini ilipata umaarufu kutokana na mtindo wake wa kipekee wa masimulizi. Mwaka 1980, Lynch alitengeneza "The Elephant Man," filamu iliyomletea umaarufu mkubwa na kumfanya kuteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Academy. Filamu hii ilifuatiwa na "Dune" (1984), filamu ya sayansi ya kubuni ambayo haikufanikiwa sana kifedha lakini imeendelea kuwa na wafuasi wengi. Hata hivyo, ilikuwa ni "Blue Velvet" (1986) iliyomweka Lynch katika orodha ya watayarishaji filamu wa kisasa, ikipongezwa kwa utafiti wake kuhusiana na ubinafsi wa binadamu. Mbali na sinema, Lynch amejiingiza katika televisheni, akijulikana sana kwa mfululizo wa "Twin Peaks" (1990-1991, 2017). Mfululizo huu ulipata wafuasi wengi na ulileta mapinduzi makubwa juu ya namna ya kutengeneza na kusimulia hadithi za televisheni. ==Maisha binafsi ya David Lynch== Maisha binafsi ya Lynch yanaonyesha kuwa ni mtu mwenye vipaji vingi. Mbali na utayarishaji filamu, Lynch ni msanii wa michoro, mwanamuziki, na pia amejihusisha na kutengeneza kahawa. Ana watoto wanne kutoka ndoa na mahusiano mbalimbali. ==Baadhi ya kazi bora za David Lynch== {| class="wikitable" !Jina la Filamu/Tamthilia !Mwaka Uliotoka !Idadi ya Tuzo !Wasanii Wakubwa Alioshirikiana Nao |- |Eraserhead |1977 |2 |Jack Nance, Charlotte Stewart |- |The Elephant Man |1980 |12 |John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins |- |Dune |1984 |1 |Kyle MacLachlan, Francesca Annis |- |Blue Velvet |1986 |11 |Kyle MacLachlan, Isabella Rossellini |- |Twin Peaks |1990-1991, 2017 |17 |Kyle MacLachlan, Michael Ontkean |- |Wild at Heart |1990 |5 |Nicolas Cage, Laura Dern |- |Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me |1992 |1 |Sheryl Lee, Ray Wise |- |Lost Highway |1997 |2 |Bill Pullman, Patricia Arquette |- |The Straight Story |1999 |8 |Richard Farnsworth, Sissy Spacek |- |Mulholland Drive |2001 |22 |Naomi Watts, Laura Harring |- |Inland Empire |2006 |3 |Laura Dern, Jeremy Irons |- |Rabbits (web series) |2002 |0 |Scott Coffey, Rebekah Del Rio |- |Industrial Symphony No. 1 |1990 |0 |Nicolas Cage, Laura Dern |- |Hotel Room |1993 |0 |Alicia Witt, Crispin Glover |- |The Grandmother (short film) |1970 |0 |Richard White, Dorothy McGinnis |- |The Alphabet (short film) |1968 |0 |Peggy Lynch, Virginia Maitland |- |Dumbland (animated series) |2002 |0 |David Lynch |- |David Lynch: The Art Life |2016 |2 |David Lynch |- |What Did Jack Do? (short film) |2017 |1 |David Lynch, Toototabon |- |BlueBob (album) |2001 |0 |David Lynch, John Neff |} ==Marejeo== * Lynch, D. (2006). "Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity." * Rodley, C. (2005). "Lynch on Lynch." * McGowan, T. (2007). "The Impossible David Lynch." * Chion, M. (1995). "David Lynch." * Nochimson, M. P. (1997). "The Passion of David Lynch: Wild at Heart in Hollywood." * Lavery, D. (1995). "Full of Secrets: Critical Approaches to Twin Peaks." * Gifford, B. (2002). "The Films of David Lynch." * Woods, P. (2000). "Weirdsville USA: The Obsessive Universe of David Lynch." * Shattuck, R. (2014). "The Banality of Transcendence: David Lynch's Straight Story." * Kawin, B. F. (2013). "Mind of a Dreamer: David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive." * Nochimson, M. P. (2013). "David Lynch Swerves: Uncertainty from Lost Highway to Inland Empire." * Palmer, L. (1993). "David Lynch: Master of Dreams." {{BD|1946}} 7ktyplspsbr8qnkfy75q5misn6zwxli 1614277 1614087 2026-11-06T11:55:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:David Lynch (cropped edit).jpg|thumb|David Lynch (2009)]] [[File:Isabella Rossellini David Lynch Cannes.jpg|thumb|Isabella Rossellini & David Lynch (1990)]] '''David Keith Lynch''' (Januari 20, 1946 - Januari 15, 2025) alizaliwa huko [[Missoula]], [[Montana]], [[Marekani]]. Baba yake, Donald Walton Lynch, alikuwa mtafiti wa kilimo, na mama yake, Edwina "Sunny" Lynch, alikuwa mwalimu wa lugha ya Kiingereza. Lynch alikulia katika mazingira ya mijini na vijijini, ambayo baadaye yalikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika kazi zake za kisanii. Lynch alianza safari yake ya sanaa akiwa bado mdogo, akionyesha mapenzi makubwa kwenye kuchora na kupaka rangi. Baada ya kuhitimu shule ya upili, alijiunga na chuo cha Corcoran cha Sanaa na Ubunifu huko [[Washington, D.C.]], na baadaye chuo cha sanaa cha Pennsylvania. Wakati akiwa [[Pennsylvania]], alianza kupendezwa na sinema na kuanza kutengeneza filamu fupi. Filamu ya kwanza ya Lynch iliyotambulika kimataifa ilikuwa "Eraserhead" (1977), ambayo ilichukua miaka mitano kukamilika. Filamu hii ilipokelewa kwa hisia mchanganyiko lakini ilipata umaarufu kutokana na mtindo wake wa kipekee wa masimulizi. Mwaka 1980, Lynch alitengeneza "The Elephant Man," filamu iliyomletea umaarufu mkubwa na kumfanya kuteuliwa kuwania tuzo ya Academy. Filamu hii ilifuatiwa na "Dune" (1984), filamu ya sayansi ya kubuni ambayo haikufanikiwa sana kifedha lakini imeendelea kuwa na wafuasi wengi. Hata hivyo, ilikuwa ni "Blue Velvet" (1986) iliyomweka Lynch katika orodha ya watayarishaji filamu wa kisasa, ikipongezwa kwa utafiti wake kuhusiana na ubinafsi wa binadamu. Mbali na sinema, Lynch amejiingiza katika televisheni, akijulikana sana kwa mfululizo wa "Twin Peaks" (1990-1991, 2017). Mfululizo huu ulipata wafuasi wengi na ulileta mapinduzi makubwa juu ya namna ya kutengeneza na kusimulia hadithi za televisheni. ==Maisha binafsi ya David Lynch== Maisha binafsi ya Lynch yanaonyesha kuwa ni mtu mwenye vipaji vingi. Mbali na utayarishaji filamu, Lynch ni msanii wa michoro, mwanamuziki, na pia amejihusisha na kutengeneza kahawa. Ana watoto wanne kutoka ndoa na mahusiano mbalimbali. ==Baadhi ya kazi bora za David Lynch== {| class="wikitable" !Jina la Filamu/Tamthilia !Mwaka Uliotoka !Idadi ya Tuzo !Wasanii Wakubwa Alioshirikiana Nao |- |Eraserhead |1977 |2 |Jack Nance, Charlotte Stewart |- |The Elephant Man |1980 |12 |John Hurt, Anthony Hopkins |- |Dune |1984 |1 |Kyle MacLachlan, Francesca Annis |- |Blue Velvet |1986 |11 |Kyle MacLachlan, Isabella Rossellini |- |Twin Peaks |1990-1991, 2017 |17 |Kyle MacLachlan, Michael Ontkean |- |Wild at Heart |1990 |5 |Nicolas Cage, Laura Dern |- |Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me |1992 |1 |Sheryl Lee, Ray Wise |- |Lost Highway |1997 |2 |Bill Pullman, Patricia Arquette |- |The Straight Story |1999 |8 |Richard Farnsworth, Sissy Spacek |- |Mulholland Drive |2001 |22 |Naomi Watts, Laura Harring |- |Inland Empire |2006 |3 |Laura Dern, Jeremy Irons |- |Rabbits (web series) |2002 |0 |Scott Coffey, Rebekah Del Rio |- |Industrial Symphony No. 1 |1990 |0 |Nicolas Cage, Laura Dern |- |Hotel Room |1993 |0 |Alicia Witt, Crispin Glover |- |The Grandmother (short film) |1970 |0 |Richard White, Dorothy McGinnis |- |The Alphabet (short film) |1968 |0 |Peggy Lynch, Virginia Maitland |- |Dumbland (animated series) |2002 |0 |David Lynch |- |David Lynch: The Art Life |2016 |2 |David Lynch |- |What Did Jack Do? (short film) |2017 |1 |David Lynch, Toototabon |- |BlueBob (album) |2001 |0 |David Lynch, John Neff |} ==Marejeo== * Lynch, D. (2006). "Catching the Big Fish: Meditation, Consciousness, and Creativity." * Rodley, C. (2005). "Lynch on Lynch." * McGowan, T. (2007). "The Impossible David Lynch." * Chion, M. (1995). "David Lynch." * Nochimson, M. P. (1997). "The Passion of David Lynch: Wild at Heart in Hollywood." * Lavery, D. (1995). "Full of Secrets: Critical Approaches to Twin Peaks." * Gifford, B. (2002). "The Films of David Lynch." * Woods, P. (2000). "Weirdsville USA: The Obsessive Universe of David Lynch." * Shattuck, R. (2014). "The Banality of Transcendence: David Lynch's Straight Story." * Kawin, B. F. (2013). "Mind of a Dreamer: David Lynch’s Mulholland Drive." * Nochimson, M. P. (2013). "David Lynch Swerves: Uncertainty from Lost Highway to Inland Empire." * Palmer, L. (1993). "David Lynch: Master of Dreams." {{BD|1946|2025}} [[Jamii:watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] dslt969w3p6xk6s589qgvhrker3re95 0 185432 1613840 1520324 2026-11-05T16:25:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melinda Louise Vernon''' (amezaliwa 27 Septemba 1985) ni [[Riadha|mwanariadha]] mlemavu wa kike kutoka [[Australia]] anayeshiriki katika mbio za uwanjani, triathlon, na kuogelea. Aliwakilisha Australia katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Viziwi ya [[Majira ya joto|Majira ya Joto]] ya 2009 na 2013. Vernon alishinda medali 2 za dhahabu, 1 ya fedha, na 1 ya shaba katika mashindano ya riadha ya Olimpiki ya Viziwi aliyoshiriki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes.asp?11070 |title=Athletes {{!}} Deaflympics |website=www.deaflympics.com |language=en |access-date=2017-10-02 |archive-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170711173229/http://deaflympics.com/athletes.asp?11070 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.saucony.com.au/blog/5-minutes-with-triathlete-melinda-vernon/ |title=5 Minutes with Triathlete Melinda Vernon {{!}} The Saucony Blog |website=www.saucony.com.au |language=en-US |access-date=2017-10-02 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215242/http://www.saucony.com.au/blog/5-minutes-with-triathlete-melinda-vernon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vernon hutegemea kabisa uwezo wake wa kuona kwa sababu hana uwezo wa kusikia kabisa kwenye masikio yote mawili. Louise Vernon pia alikuwa mshindi wa mwisho wa Tuzo ya Mwanamichezo Bora wa Kike mara mbili, mwaka 2008 na 2009.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/melinda-vernon-first-woman-in-city2surf/news-story/e036f710738baa8d740929695aecc911 |title=Melinda Vernon first woman in City2Surf |access-date=2017-10-02 |archive-date=28 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828070957/https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/melinda-vernon-first-woman-in-city2surf/news-story/e036f710738baa8d740929695aecc911 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ameendelea kushindana pia katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Triathlon ya ITU.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://wts.triathlon.org/athletes/profile/68979 |title=Athlete Profile: Melinda Vernon {{!}} ITU World Triathlon Series |last=Union |first=International Triathlon |website=ITU World Triathlon Series |language=en |access-date=2017-10-02 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165852/http://wts.triathlon.org/athletes/profile/68979 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:wanariadha wa Australia]] [[Jamii:Wiki4Inclusion Campaign in Tanzania]] m7oh1pwao9tde2q38w0eoa3zlm5onhm 0 185497 1613897 1522375 2026-11-05T18:00:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613897 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nordic Council of the Deaf''' ni baraza la [[kiziwi|viziwi]] lisilofungamana na upande wowote na lisilo la kidini ambalo dhamira yake ni kufanya kazi na kukuza ufahamu wa lugha yao<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=KPN 110 vuotta / DNR 110 år / NCD 110 years!|url=https://aineisto.viittomakielinenkirjasto.fi/kpn/?en|access-date=2021-09-10|website=aineisto.viittomakielinenkirjasto.fi|archive-date=2021-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910185424/https://aineisto.viittomakielinenkirjasto.fi/kpn/?en|url-status=live}}</ref>. Wajumbe wa baraza ni vyama husika vya viziwi vya nchi za [[Skandinavia]]: * Chama cha viziwi cha Denmark * Visiwa vya Faroe * Chama cha viziwi cha Ufini * Chama cha viziwi cha Asilandi * Chama cha viziwi cha Norway * Kiungo cha lugha za kitaifa cha Uswidi cha viziwi Baraza hukutana mara mbili kwa mwaka. Wawakikishi wawili kutoka katika kila nchi mwanachama hushiriki mkutano. mshiriki kwa nchi mwanachama rais hukaa madarakani kwa miaka minne. kwa kila miaka minne huratibiwa tamasha la kitamaduni na nchi mwandaaji hubadilishwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2016-08-01|title=Internasjonalt samarbeid|url=https://www.doveforbundet.no/om-oss/ndf/internasjonalt-samarbeid|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Norges Døveforbund|language=nb|archive-date=2021-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910185429/https://www.doveforbundet.no/om-oss/ndf/internasjonalt-samarbeid|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dhumuni kuu la baraza ni kufanya kazi kwa usawa na ushiriki wa jamii ya viziwi wa ki Nordic, Ambapo lugha ya alama ndiyo ina nafasi kubwa katika katika jamii hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Internationellt samarbete|url=https://kuurojenliitto.fi/sv/internationellt-samarbete/|access-date=2021-09-10|website=Finlands Dövas Förbund|language=sv-SE|archive-date=2021-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210910185421/https://kuurojenliitto.fi/sv/internationellt-samarbete/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210910181245/http://bgds.andata.no/bodyFrame/Budstikken/DT-2007-09.pdf</ref> Baraza hupitia lugha za alama za taifa ambazo zimekuwa zikitumika kwa mia iliyopita katika maeneo kutokana na mgawanyiko wa kiisimu wa nordic. Baraza la viziwi la nordic ni baraza la viziwi vijana == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Skandinavia]] mahw88nfxn18gb51we4uwuaaf6iyjnv 0 185529 1614024 1527768 2026-11-05T20:48:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614024 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Ugonjwa wa Angelmani | image = 5-year-old Mexican girl with Angelman syndrome (cropped).png | pronounce = | symptoms = Kucheleweshwa kukua na kuendelea, furaha isiyo ya kawaida, [[Ulemavu wa kiakili]], shida za kuzungumza, shida za usawa na za harakati, kichwa kidogo, kuzimia<ref name=GHR2015/> | onset = Unaonekana kuanzia miezi 6-12<ref name=GHR2015/> | duration = | causes = [[Kijeni| kijeni]] (mabadiliko mapya)<ref name=GHR2015/> | risks = | diagnosis = Kulingana na dalili, [[upimaji wa jeni]]<ref name=NORD2015/> | differential = [[Mchanganyiko wa ugonjwa wa ubongo]], [[autism spectrum|usonji]], [[Shida ya nadra ya maumbile ya neva|Shida ya nadra ya maumbile ya neva]], [[Prader–Willi syndrome|Ugonjwa wa Prader-Willi]]<ref name=NORD2015/><ref name=Cure2019>{{cite web |title=Common Misdiagnoses {{!}} FAST |url=https://cureangelman.org/understanding-angelman/differential-diagnosis |website=FAST (Foundation for Angelman Syndrome Therapeutics) |accessdate=10 October 2019 |archive-date=9 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009181602/https://cureangelman.org/understanding-angelman/differential-diagnosis |url-status=dead }}</ref> | prevention = | treatment = [[Matibabu ya Dalili | Huduma ya Kusaidia]]<ref name=NORD2015/> | medication = | prognosis = Karibu [[Matarajio ya Maisha]] ya kawaida <ref name=GHR2015/> | frequency = Mtu 1 kati ya watu 12,000 hadi watu 20,000<ref name=GHR2015/> | deaths = | Name = Ugonjwa wa Angelmani | Alt = | Caption = Msichana wa miaka mitano mwenye ugonjwa wa Angelmani. Vipengele vilivyoonyeshwa ni pamoja na [[Umbali ulioongezeka kati ya pembe za ndani za kope]], [[mikunjo miwili ya ngozi kutoka kwenye kope la juu na kufunika pembe ya ndani ya jicho]], [[Mikrosefali| kichwa kidogo]], mdomo mpana, na mwonekano wa kuwa na furaha; Mikono iliyo na vidole vilivyopunguzwa, mikunjo isiyo ya za kawaida na vidole gumba vipana. | field = [[Jenetiki ya kimatibabu]] | complications = | types = }} '''Ugonjwa wa Angelmani''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''Angelman syndrome'', [[kifupi]]: ''AS'') ni [[ugonjwa]] wa kijeni unaoathiri hasa [[mfumo wa neva]].<ref name="GHR2015">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Reference|first=Genetics Home|title=Angelman syndrome|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/angelman-syndrome|work=Genetics Home Reference|accessdate=28 April 2017|date=May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827221651/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/angelman-syndrome|archivedate=27 August 2016}}</ref> Dalili zake ni pamoja na kichwa kidogo na mwonekano maalumu wa uso, ulemavu mkubwa wa kiakili, ulemavu wa ukuaji, matatizo ya kuzungumza, matatizo ya usawa na harakati, kifafa na matatizo ya usingizi.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Kwa kawaida, watoto wana sifa ya furaha na wanapendezwa hususan na maji.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Dalili zake kwa ujumla huonekana katika umri wa mwaka mmoja.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Ugonjwa wa Angelmani unatokana na ukosefu wa utendakazi wa sehemu ya [[Chromosome 15 (human)|kromosomu 15]] iliyorithiwa kutoka kwa mama ya mtu.<ref name="Zitelli2023">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Zitelli and Davis' Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis|last=Madan-Khetarpal|first=Georgianne|last2=Arnold|first2=Georgianne|last3=Oritz|first3=Damara|date=2023|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-77788-9|editor-last=Zitelli|editor-first=Basil J.|edition=8th|location=Philadelphia|pages=14-15|language=en|chapter=1. Genetic disorders and dysmorphic conditions|access-date=2022-12-19|editor-last2=McIntire|editor-first2=Sara C.|editor-last3=Nowalk|editor-first3=Andrew J.|editor-last4=Garrison|editor-first4=Jessica|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219131212/https://books.google.com/books?id=Wy1LEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA14|archive-date=2022-12-19}}</ref> Mara nyingi, ni kutokana na kufutwa au mabadiliko ya jeni ya [[UBE3A]] kwenye kromosomu hiyo.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Mara kwa mara, ugonjwa huu unatokana na mtu kurithi nakala mbili za [[Chromosome 15 (human)|kromosomu 15]] kutoka kwa baba ya mtu na bila kurithi chochote kutoka kwa mama yake.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Kwa vile matoleo ya baba huwa yanazimwa na mchakato unaojulikana kama [[Genomic imprinting|uchapishaji wa jeni]], hakuna toleo lenye utendaji la jeni hiyo linalosalia.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Ugonjwa wa Angelmani kawaida husababishwa na mabadiliko mapya badala ya kurithiwa kutoka kwa wazazi wa mtu.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Utambuzi wake unatokana na dalili na pengine [[Genetic testing|upimaji wa kijeni]].<ref name="NORD2015">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Angelman Syndrome – NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/angelman-syndrome/|work=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|accessdate=28 April 2017|date=2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113050343/http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/angelman-syndrome|archivedate=13 November 2016}}</ref> Ugonjwa huu hauna tiba inayopatikana.<ref name="NORD2015" /> Matibabu yake kwa ujumla huwa ni ya aina [[Supportive care|ya kuunga mkono]] tu.<ref name="NORD2015" /> [[Anti-seizure medications|Dawa za kuzuia kifafa]] hutumiwa kwa wale walio na kifafa.<ref name="NORD2015" /> Tiba ya kimwili na [[Orthotics|kujitegemeza]] inaweza kusaidia katika hali ya kutembea.<ref name="NORD2015" /> Wale walioathirika takriban wana matarajio ya kawaida ya maisha.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Ugonjwa huu huathiri mtu 1 kati ya 12,000 hadi 20,000.<ref name="GHR2015" /> Wanaume na wanawake huathiriwa kwa kiwango sawa.<ref name="NORD2015" /> Ugonjwa huu umepewa jila la daktari wa watoto wa Uingereza [[Harry Angelman]], ambaye alielezea ugonjwa huu kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo mwaka wa 1965.<ref name="NORD2015" /><ref name="Angelman">{{Rejea jarida|last=Angelman|first=Harry|year=1965|title='Puppet' Children: A report of three cases|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_developmental-medicine-and-child-neurology_1965-12_7_6/page/681|journal=Dev Med Child Neurol|volume=7|issue=6|pages=681–688|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8749.1965.tb07844.x}}</ref> Kutumia jina la zamani, "ugonjwa wa kikaragosi mwenye furaha," kwa ujumla kunachukuliwa kuwa jambo baya.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jyI-yc2vGMMC&pg=PA193|title=Preventive Management of Children with Congenital Anomalies and Syndromes|last=Wilson|first=Golder N.|last2=Cooley|first2=W. Carl|date=2000|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521776738|page=193|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195518/https://books.google.com/books?id=jyI-yc2vGMMC&pg=PA193|archive-date=2017-11-05|df=}}</ref> Ugonjwa wa Prader-Willi ni hali tofauti na huu, inayosababishwa na kupoteza sawa kwa kromosomu ya baba 15.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aLV9nU_7X6UC&pg=PT256|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|last2=Abbas|first2=Abul K.|last3=Aster|first3=Jon C.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1437717815|page=244|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195518/https://books.google.com/books?id=aLV9nU_7X6UC&pg=PT256|archive-date=2017-11-05|df=}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Magonjwa]] [[Jamii:Neva]] rs6l4xd0tjmqs59oj7vxdzep192n2zp 0 185608 1613832 1453942 2026-11-05T16:13:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613832 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:Lt. Governor Martha Layne Collins (cropped).jpg|thumb|Martha Layne Collins]] '''Martha Layne Collins''' (alizaliwa [[7 Desemba]] [[1936]]) ni mwanasiasa kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu kama [[Gavana]] wa Jimbo la Kentucky kuanzia mwaka wa [[1983]] hadi [[1987]]. Collins alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuwa Gavana wa Kentucky. Katika kipindi chake cha utawala, alijulikana kwa juhudi zake katika maendeleo ya miundombinu na maendeleo ya kiuchumi<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.georgetowncollege.edu/news/2012/08/an-emotional-day-at-gc-hello-to-barlow-park-and-so-long-thanks-to-former-gov-martha-layne-collins/|title=An Emotional Day at GC: Hello to Barlow Park, and So Long, Thanks to Former Gov. Martha Layne Collins!|work=News Bureau|access-date=January 28, 2015|archive-date=April 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403175423/http://www.georgetowncollege.edu/news/2012/08/an-emotional-day-at-gc-hello-to-barlow-park-and-so-long-thanks-to-former-gov-martha-layne-collins|url-status=dead}}</ref>. === Tuzo na heshima === Women Leading Kentucky, kundi lisilo la kiserikali lililoundwa kukuza [[elimu]], [[uongozi]], na mtandao kati ya wanawake wa kitaaluma wa Kentucky, liliunda Tuzo ya Uongozi ya Martha Layne Collins mnamo [[1999]] ili kutambua "mwanamke wa Kentucky aliyefanikisha jambo fulani anayehamasisha na kuhimiza wanawake wengine kupitia maisha yake binafsi, ya kijamii na kitaaluma"; Collins alikuwa mpokeaji wa kwanza wa tuzo hiyo.<ref name="wlk">"Eastern Kentucky University's Shain Receives Martha Layne Collins Leadership Award". U.S. Federal News Service</ref> Mnamo [[2003]], barabara ya Bluegrass Parkway ya Kentucky ilibadilishwa jina kuwa ''Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway'' kwa heshima yake; Collins pia alipokea Tuzo ya Kitabu cha Heshima ya Siku ya Biashara ya Dunia kwa jimbo la Kentucky kutoka kwa ''World Trade Centers Association'' mwaka huo.<ref name="kocher">Kocher, "Parkway to be Named for Collins"</ref> Mnamo [[2009]], alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa ''Order of the Rising Sun, Nyota ya Dhahabu na Fedha'' na Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya [[Japani]] kwa michango yake "kukuza ubadilishanaji wa kiuchumi na kitamaduni kati ya Japani na Marekani".<ref name="mofa">"2009 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals". Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs</ref> Shule ya Upili ya Martha Layne Collins katika Shelby County ilipewa jina lake na kufunguliwa mwaka 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shelby.kyschools.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1838&Itemid=255|title=Shule Zetu: Martha Layne Collins High School|publisher=Shelby County Public Schools|access-date=13 Januari 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100311213147/http://www.shelby.kyschools.us/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1838&Itemid=255|archive-date=11 Machi 2010}}</ref> Collins pia ni mwanachama wa ''Mabinti wa Jumuiya ya Kitaifa ya Mapinduzi ya Amerika''.<ref>https://blog.dar.org/kentucky-state-conference {{Bare URL inline|date=Agosti 2025}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1936]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] kvbx0qxyqv03nxad6w6bumudnmb1pw5 0 187408 1614038 1528917 2026-11-05T21:02:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614038 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:UNIFIL Blue Barrels.jpg|thumb|right|UNIFIL_Blue_Barrels (Mpaka wa Bluu)]] '''[[Vita]] kati ya [[Israeli]] na [[kundi la kijeshi]] la [[Hezbollah]] la [[Lebanoni]],''' vimekuwa vikitokea tangu tarehe 8 Oktoba 2023 kwenye mpaka wa nchi hizo na eneo la Milima ya Golan linalokaliwa kimabavu na Israeli, na kuiathiri hata [[Syria]]. Ni sehemu ya athari za vita kati ya Israeli na [[Hamas]] na chokochoko zilizoukuza mgogoro na kuwa mkubwa zaidi baina yao tangia kutokea kwa vita vya Lebanoni vya mwaka 2006. Mnamo tarehe 8 Oktoba 2023, Hezbollah ilianza kurusha maguruneti yaliyoboreshewa ulengaji shabaha pamoja na mashambulizi ya risasi dhidi ya [[walowezi]] wa Kiisraeli kwenye maeneo ya mashambani ya Shebaa wanayoyakalia kimabavu, mashambulizi waliyoyaelezea kuwa ni ya kuonesha mshikamano wao na Wapalestina kufuatia shambulio la Hamas dhidi ya Israeli la mwaka huo na ukawa mwanzo wa kampeni ya mashambulizi ya mabomu ya Israeli dhidi ya Ukanda wa Gaza.<ref name="Goldenberg-2023">{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Goldenberg|first1=Tia|last2=Shurafa|first2=Wafaa|date=8 October 2023|title=Hezbollah and Israel exchange fire as Israeli soldiers battle Hamas on second day of surprise attack|url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71|access-date=25 August 2024|website=[[Associated Press]]|language=en|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008051308/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Reuters-2023c">{{Rejea habari|date=8 October 2023|title=Israel, Hezbollah exchange artillery, rocket fire|language=en|work=[[Reuters]]|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08/|access-date=25 August 2024|archive-date=8 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008065933/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Israel, Hezbollah exchange artillery, rocket fire |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08/ |website=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=22 March 2024 |quote=Hezbollah on Sunday said it had launched guided rockets and artillery onto three posts in the Shebaa Farms 'in solidarity' with the Palestinian people.}}</ref> Israeli ilijibu kwa mashambulizi ya droni na risasi dhidi ya maeneo walimokuwamo Hezbollah karibu na mpaka wa Lebanon na maeneo wanayoyakalia kimabavu ya Milima ya Golan. Kaskazini mwa [[Israeli]], mgogoro unaoendelea umewalazimisha wakazi takriban 96,000 kuyahama makazi yao,<ref>{{Rejea habari |last= |date=2024-09-28 |title=Around one million Lebanese displaced by Israeli attacks, official says |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hy2hmkl0r |access-date=2024-09-29 |language=en |newspaper=Ynetnews |agency=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> ambapo huko Lebanon, watu milioni 1.2 wameyakimbia makazi yao,<ref name="leb-displaced">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-08-19 |title=110,099 displaced from southern Lebanon since Oct. 8, 2023 |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1424194/110099-displaced-from-southern-lebanon-since-oct-8-2023.html |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=L'Orient Today}}</ref> huku Hezbollah wakisema hawatoacha kuwashambulia Waisraeli hadi nao waache kuushambulia Ukanda wa Gaza kupitia uvamizi wake wa kijeshi.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 September 2024 |title=Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/11/mapping-11-months-if-israel-lebanon-cross-border-attacks |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Katika mzozo huo, Israeli imefanya mashambulizi mengi zaidi kuliko yale yaliyofanywa na Hezbollah.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last1=Fevrier |first1=Tom |last2=El Chmouri |first2=Omar |last3=Kao |first3=Jason |last4=Kim |first4=Kyle |last5=Janicki |first5=Julia |date=2024-09-28 |title=How Israel and Hezbollah Are Slipping Closer to All-Out War |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2024-lebanon-death-toll-israel-hezbollah-attacks/ |access-date=2024-10-02 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |language=en}}</ref> Kati ya tarehe 21 Oktoba 2023 na 20 Februari 2024, Vikosi vya Muda vya Umoja wa Mataifa vya Uangalizi wa amani vilivyopo Lebanon UNIFIL viliweka rekodi ya matukio ya ufyatuaji risasi takriban 7,948 kutokea upande wa kusini wa Mpaka wa Buluu (Israeli ikiifyatulia Lebanon) na matukio 978 ya ufyatuaji risasi yaliyotokea upande wa kaskazini (Lebanon dhidi ya Israeli).<ref name="reliefwebint-2024b">{{Rejea tovuti |date=19 March 2024 |title=Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 June to 20 October 2023 - Report of the Secretary-General (S/2024/222) [EN/AR/RU/ZH] - Lebanon |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/implementation-security-council-resolution-1701-2006-during-period-21-june-20-october-2023-report-secretary-general-s2024222-enarruzh |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=reliefweb.int |language=en}}</ref> Mwezi September 2024, ulishuhudia ongezeko kubwa la mgogoro, ukianzia na ulipuaji wa vifaa vya mawasiliano ulifanywa na Israeli ndani ya Lebanon na Syria, ambapo walengwa walikuwa Hezbollah. Watu 42 walipoteza maisha na maelfu walijeruhiwa. Jambo hilo lilifuatiwa na kampeni ya mashambulizi ya angani ya Israeli dhidi ya Lebanon yote, Septemba 2024, yaliyosababisha kuuwawa kwa makamanda wakuu wa Hezbollah. Israeli ilisema ingeedelea na mashambulizi hayo hadi hali ya usalama ya eneo lake la kaskazini itengemae na wananchi wake kurejea kwenye makazi yao. Shambulio baya kupindukia na lililosababisha maafa mengi Lebanon lilifanywa na Israeli mnamo tarehe 23 Septemba ambapo watu wasiopungua 558 walikufa na kujeruhi zaidi ya watu 1,800 wakiwamo watoto, wanawake na watoa huduma za dharura.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2024-09-24 |title=Live updates: Thousands flee homes in Lebanon as toll from Israeli strikes rises to 558, officials say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/09/24/israel-lebanon-hezbollah-hamas-war-news-gaza/ |access-date=2024-09-24 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 27 Septemba, Jeshi la Anga la Israeli lilishambulia kwa mabomu na kuyaharibu vibaya Makao Makuu ya Kamandi za Hezbollah yaliyokuwepo [[Beirut]], wakimuua kiongozi wa Hezbollah [[Hassan Nasrallah]].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2024-09-28|title=Hezbollah confirms its leader Hassan Nasrallah was killed in an Israeli airstrike|url=https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-hezbollah-airstrikes-28-september-2024-c4751957433ff944c4eb06027885a973|access-date=2024-09-28|website=Associated Press|language=en}} </ref> Mnamo tarehe 1 Oktoba, jeshi la Israeli lilianzisha operesheni ya kuivamia Lebanon ya kusini,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |author1=Lex Harvey |author2=Sana Noor Haq |author3=Antoinette Radford |author4=Elise Hammond |author5=Aditi Sangal |date=2024-09-30 |title=Live updates: Hezbollah leader's killing escalates war with Israel |url=https://www.cnn.com/world/live-news/israel-lebanon-war-hezbollah-09-30-24-intl-hnk/index.html |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=30 September 2024 |title=Israeli Special Forces Launch Raids Into Lebanon Ahead of Expected Ground Incursion |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israeli-special-forces-launch-raids-into-lebanon-ahead-of-possible-ground-incursion-bf2fe94d |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-30 |title=Live updates: Israeli ground operation in Lebanon appears to have begun, U.S. officials say |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/israel-hezbollah-live-updates-hamas-leader-lebanon-killed-strike-hits-rcna173218 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-30 |title=Israeli military says 'limited' operation against Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon has begun |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-lebanon-hezbollah-gaza-news-09-30-2024-83ea5f243688f309754ec74850de4238 |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> na ikatangaza kuwa ilikuwa inatekeleza mashambulizi madogo ya kimkakati ndani ya Lebanon ambayo yangechukua miezi kadha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli forces have carried out raids in Lebanon for months, military says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-forces-have-carried-out-raids-lebanon-months-military-says-2024-10-01/ |work=[[Reuters]] |date=1 October 2024}}</ref> == Ilivyokuwa hapo kabla == Kumekuwa na mizozo mingi kati ya Hezbollah na Israeli, ukiwemo ule wa Kusini mwa Lebanon (1985–2000), Mzozo wa Mashamba ya Shebaa 2000–2006, na Vita vya Lebanon, 2006. === Kuasisiwa kwa Hezbollah === Hezbollah ni chama cha kisiasa chenye msimamo wa kidini [Waislamu wa Kishia wa Kishiite] na ni kundi la kijeshi la ukombozi, lililoanzishwa mwaka 1982 kupigana vita dhidi ya uvamizi wa Israeli kwenye mwaka huo.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 July 2010 |title=Who are Hezbollah? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm |work=BBC}}</ref> Kundi hilo lilianzishwa na Viongozi wa Kidini wa Kiislamu, kwa ufadhili wa Iran. Katika miaka ya 90, Hezbollah walipigana dhidi ya Israeli kupinga kukaliwa kimabavu kwa Lebanon upande wa kusini.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hizbollah promises Israel a blood-filled new year, Iran calls for Israel's end |url=https://www.unb.ca/web/bruns/9900/issue14/intnews/israel.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825001338/http://www.unb.ca/web/bruns/9900/issue14/intnews/israel.html |archive-date=25 August 2007 |access-date=1 September 2017 |work=The Brunswickan Online |accessdate=2024-10-05 |archivedate=2007-08-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825001338/http://www.unb.ca/web/bruns/9900/issue14/intnews/israel.html }} (Student newspaper)</ref> Dhamira juu ya kuiangamiza Israeli ikawa ndio lengo la msingi la Hezbollah tangia ilipozaliwa.<ref name="nybooks">{{cite magazine |author=Adam Shatz |date=29 April 2004 |title=In Search of Hezbollah |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 |magazine=[[The New York Review of Books]] |access-date=14 August 2006 |archive-date=22 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822195222/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>United Nations Document A/54/723 S/2000/55, citing Al Hayyat, 30 October 1999 [http://domino.un.org/unispal.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/50862df07adbd884852569ad0054a527!OpenDocument Letter dated 25 January 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310192305/http://domino.un.org/unispal.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/50862df07adbd884852569ad0054a527%21OpenDocument|date=10 March 2007}} Accessed 17 August 2006</ref><ref>Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada [http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp#h20 Listed Entities – Hizballah] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119150657/http://www.psepc.gc.ca/prg/ns/le/cle-en.asp|date=19 November 2006}} Accessed 31 July 2006</ref> Hezbollah inaipinga serikali ya taifa la Israeli na sera zake.<ref>Sheikh Hassan Izz al-Din, Hezbollah media relations director, said, "[T]he Jews need to leave." Avi Jovisch, ''[https://archive.org/details/beaconofhatredin0000jori/page/72/mode/2up?view=theater Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hizballah's Al-Manar Television]'' (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2004), pp. 62–90. qtd. by Wistrich, ''A Lethal Obsession'', p. 774</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Civilians under Assault: Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks on Israel in the 2006 War: Hezbollah's Justifications for Attacks on Civilian Areas |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2007/iopt0807/7.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> === Makundi ya Kipalestina ndani ya Lebanon === Tangia kufukuzwa Kwa Wapalestina na kukimbilia kusini mwa Lebanon mnamo 1948, kumepata kuwa na makundi yenye kupishana kimsimamo miongoni mwa maelfu hayo ya wakimbizi ndani ya Lebanon. Na ni hiyo Lebanon kusini ambayo mara kwa mara imekuwa ikitumika kama kiini cha mashambulizi kutokea Lebanon na Milima ya Golan kuelekea Israeli ya kaskazini, yakitumika maguruneti kushambulia. Chama cha Ukombozi wa Palestina, [[PLO|PLO,]] kilikuwa na makao yake Lebanon baada ya kufukuzwa kutoka [[Jordan]] na Mfalme Hussein wa Jordan mnamo Julai 1971.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-24 |title=Jordan - Middle East, 1967-Civil War |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Jordan/From-1967-to-civil-war |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref> Sababu ilikuwa ni kuhusika kwao kwenye maasi kusini mwa Lebanon, na kisha kutimuliwa kwenda kuishi [[Tunis]] baada ya Vita vya Lebanon vya 1982.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Jawhar |first=Souhayb |date=October 17, 2022 |title=Lebanon: New Strategic Base for Hamas |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/88184 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230912123220/https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/88184 |archive-date=12 September 2023 |access-date=5 December 2023 |work=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]}}</ref> === Azimio la [[Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa]] na. 1701 === Makubaliano ya kumaliza vita yalifikiwa kati ya Israeli na Hezbollah kuhusu Vita vya Lebanon 2006, chini ya masharti ya Azimio la [[Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa]] na. 1701 ambayo yalitaka uwepo wa ukanda usio na silaha ambao ni eneo la kusini la mpaka wa Lebanon na mto Litani. Azimio la Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa lilitoa mamlaka ya kuwa na silaha kwenye eneo hilo kwa jeshi la Lebanon na kwa Jeshi la Mpito la Uangalizi wa Amani la Umoja wa Mataifa tu. Pia lilitoa tamko kuwa upande wa Lebanon na ule wa Milima ya Golan, hakuna ulioruhusiwa kuvuka mpaka/mstari wa bluu uliowatenganisha.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mroue |first=Bassem |date=2023-07-14 |title=Growing tensions over Israel-Lebanon border village fuel fears of more violence |url=https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2023-07-14/growing-tensions-israel-lebanon-border-village-fears-violence |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2010-11-17 |title=Fears of split in Israeli-Lebanon border village |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11775195 |access-date=2024-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Licha ya masharti hayo, Israeli na Hezbollah walikabiliwa na majukumu chini ya Azimio hilo la UNSCR namba 1701.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=13 March 2024 |title=UN report says IDF tank fire killed 'clearly identifiable' reporter |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-791786 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916020011/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-791786 |archive-date=16 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=26 August 2024 |title='Flagrant violation': Danny Danon demands UNSC condemn Hezbollah, enforce resolution 1701 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-816345 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923060010/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-816345 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=13 July 2023 |title=Implementation of Security Council resolution 1701 (2006) during the period from 21 February to 20 June 2023 |url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/2023.07.13%20S_2023_522.pdf |website=UN Security Council Resolutions}}</ref> Kuanzia 2006, Hezbollah ilijizatiti huko Lebanon ya kusini,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dagres |first=Holly |date=2024-03-01 |title=As fighting along the Lebanon-Israel border escalates, diplomats scramble to head off a war |url=https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/menasource/lebanon-israel-gaza-war-ceasefire-hezbollah/ |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=[[Atlantic Council]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ikalizuia jeshi la UNIFIL kupita, ikajenga njia za chini kwa chini kuingia Israeli, na kudiriki kuuvuka mstari wa bluu.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lebanon-fm-calls-for-implementation-of-resolution-1701-to-end-israel-hezbollah-tensions/ "Lebanon FM calls for implementation of Resolution 1701 to end Israel-Hezbollah tensions"]. ''Times of Israel''. 8 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2009-07-23 |title=Senior UN diplomat says Hizbullah violating terms of cease-fire |url=https://www.jpost.com:443/Breaking-News/Senior-UN-diplomat-says-Hizbullah-violating-terms-of-cease-fire |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref> Pia, Israeli iliishutumu Hezbollah kwa kulitumia shirika linaloshughulika na mazingira la eneo hilo kama jasusi wake wa kijeshi kwenye Mpaka wa bluu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-26 |title=What is the 2006 UN resolution that some hope could help to end the Israel-Hezbollah conflict? |url=https://apnews.com/article/unsc-resolution-1701-lebanon-israel-hezbollah-addf018ee9da719329e1726f7156d456 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-01-25 |title=Lebanese environmental group accused of being Hezbollah arm |url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-hezbollah-israel-lebanon-climate-and-environment-dfac06b52dea1d7f72ec6baf657a256c |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> Baada ya kurudi nyuma kutoka Mpaka wa Bluu mnamo mwaka 2000,<ref name=":2">{{Rejea jarida |last1=Jones |first1=Seth G. |last2=Byman |first2=Daniel |last3=Palmer |first3=Alexander |last4=McCabe |first4=Riley |date=2024-03-21 |title=The Coming Conflict with Hezbollah |url=https://www.csis.org/analysis/coming-conflict-hezbollah |journal=CSIS Briefs |language=en |publisher=[[Center for Strategic & International Studies]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-07-14 |title=Moves at a small border village hike Israel-Hezbollah tensions at a time of regional jitters |url=https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-ghajar-tents-hezbollah-96932004b52a728ac1a848dc7f484e7a |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> Israeli ikaikalia upya Ghajar yote mnamo 2006, ikiwa ni pamoja na sehemu ya eneo hilo ambayo ni ya Walebanoni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |first= |title=Why is there a disputed border between Lebanon and Israel? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/13/why-is-there-a-disputed-border-between-lebanon-and-israel |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Taleb |first=Wael |date=2023-07-07 |title=About Ghajar, the disputed village occupied by Israel |url=https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1342655/about-ghajar-the-disputed-village-occupied-by-israel.html |website=[[L'Orient Today]]}}</ref> Israeli inaendelea kuikalia Ghajar pamoja na eneo la jirani,<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> na imekuwa ikikiuka mara kwa mara sheria inayokataza kuingia kwenye anga au bahari upande wa Lebanon, kadhalika kuvuka mpaka. <ref>{{cite web |date=1 August 2001 |title=Security Council Extends Unifil Mandate for Six Months, to 31 January 2002 |url=http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2001/sc7113.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041120031549/http://www.unis.unvienna.org/unis/pressrels/2001/sc7113.html |archive-date=2004-11-20 |access-date=14 March 2011 |publisher=[[United Nations Information Service Vienna]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2002-07-30 |title=UN Questions Usefulness of Peacekeepers |url=http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/lebanon/2002/0730quest.htm |access-date=14 March 2011 |website=[[Global Policy Forum]] |publisher=[[Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2007-11-30 |title=UN to Israel: stop Lebanon airspace violations |url=http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=23318 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714091116/http://www.middle-east-online.com/english/?id=23318 |archive-date=14 July 2011 |access-date=14 March 2011 |website=Middle East Online |publisher=}}</ref> UNIFIL imeripoti kuwa Israeli imefanya matukio ya kuingia kwenye anga la Lebanon kwa zaidi ya mara 22,000 kati ya 2007 na 2021.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-06-12 |title=Israel flew in Lebanese airspace over 22,000 times in last 15 years - study |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-709182 |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Chulov |first=Martin |date=2022-06-09 |title=Huge scale and impact of Israeli incursions over Lebanon skies revealed |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/09/huge-scale-and-impact-of-israeli-incursions-over-lebanon-skies-revealed-research-overflights |access-date=2024-09-26 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> === Mashambulizi ya kushtukizana ya Aprili - Julai 2023 === Mnamo April 6 2023, katika kujibu makabiliano ya Al-Aqsa 2023, makumi ya maguruneti yalirushwa kutoka Lebanon kuelekea Israeli, na kujeruhi watato watatu wa Kiisraeli .<ref name="Al-Jazeera-2023">{{Rejea tovuti |date=6 April 2023 |title=Israel says more than 30 rockets fired from southern Lebanon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/6/israel-intercepts-rocket-fired-from-southern-lebanon-military |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406123353/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/6/israel-intercepts-rocket-fired-from-southern-lebanon-military |archive-date=6 April 2023 |access-date=6 April 2023 |website=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli - IDF#|Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli]] lilisema kuwa liliyadungua maguruneti 25 yaliyorushwa kutoka Lebanon,<ref name="Al-Jazeera-2023" /> na kuongeza kuwa yalirushwa na makundi ya Kipalestina [[Hamas]] na Vuguvugu la Kijihadi la Kiislamu la Palestina [PIJ] kwa idhini ya Hezbollah.<ref name="CNN3">{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Richard Allen |last2=Gold |first2=Hadas |last3=Qiblawi |first3=Tamara |date=6 April 2023 |title=Dozens of rockets fired from Lebanon into Israel after raids on al-Aqsa mosque |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/06/middleeast/lebanon-rockets-israel-intl/index.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406142549/https://edition.cnn.com/2023/04/06/middleeast/lebanon-rockets-israel-intl/index.html |archive-date=6 April 2023}}</ref> Mashambulio hayo yaliukuza sana mzozo baina ya mataifa hayo, mkubwa kuliko mwingine wowote tangia kuisha kwa vita vya Lebanon vya 2006.<ref name="CNN3"/> UNIFIL iliielezea hali hiyo kawa ni "ya kupewa uzito mkubwa" na kuzitaka pande husika kujizuia.<ref name="CNN3"/> Mnamo Julai 15, jeshi la [[Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli - IDF#|IDF]] lilipiga risasi za onyo na kutumia mbinu za kutuliza ghasia dhidi ya watu 18, Ikiwa ni pamoja na waandishi wa habari na [[Wabunge]] ambao walivuka mpaka kutokea Lebanon na kutembea mita 80 ndani ya eneo linalokaliwa na Israeli.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Emanuel Fabian |date=15 July 2023 |title=Lebanese lawmaker leads group across Israeli border; IDF fires warning shots |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-fires-warning-shots-as-lebanese-lawmaker-leads-group-across-israeli-border/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231227095132/https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-fires-warning-shots-as-lebanese-lawmaker-leads-group-across-israeli-border/ |archive-date=27 December 2023 |access-date=27 December 2023 |work=Times of Israel}}</ref> === Vita vya Israeli dhidi ya Hamas === [[File:Destroyed Gaza house.PNG|thumb|alt=Alternative text|Mashambulizi Gaza]] Mnamo tarehe 8 Oktoba 2023, siku moja baada ya Hamas kuanzisha mashambulizi dhidi ya Israeli (Oktoba 7, 2024) na Israeli kujibu kwa kuishambulia Gaza kwa mabomu, Hezbollah wakajiunga kwenye vita hivyo kwa msingi wa "mshikamano na Wapalestina",<ref name="aj22">{{cite news |title=Hezbollah fires on Israel after several members killed in shelling |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/hezbollah-fires-on-israel-after-several-members-killed-in-shelling |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240615150157/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/hezbollah-fires-on-israel-after-several-members-killed-in-shelling |archive-date=15 June 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |work=Al Jazeera |publisher=[[Al-Jazeera]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Violence escalates between Israel and Lebanon's Hezbollah amid Gaza assault |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/10/violence-escalates-between-israel-and-lebanons-hezbollah-amid-gaza-assault |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926023936/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/10/violence-escalates-between-israel-and-lebanons-hezbollah-amid-gaza-assault |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=2024-09-25 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> wakianza kwa kuvirushia risasi vikosi vya ulinzi wa mpaka vya Israeli kwenye maeneo ya Mashamba ya Shebaa na Milima ya Goran — maeneo ambayo yanakaliwa kimabavu na Israeli.<ref name="aj22"/> Tangia hapo, Hezbollah na Israeli wamekuwa katika mapambano yaliyosababisha kusambaratika kwa jamii za karibu na mpaka, huku kukiwa na uharibifu mkubwa wa majengo na mazingira kwa ujumla. Kuanzia tarehe 7 Oktoba 2023 hadi 20 Septemba 2024, kumetokea matukio 10,200 ya mashambulizi ya kuvuka mpaka, ambapo Israeli ilianzisha 8,300.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mapping 10,000 cross-border attacks between Israel and Lebanon |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/25/mapping-10000-cross-border-attacks-between-israel-and-lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926023941/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/25/mapping-10000-cross-border-attacks-between-israel-and-lebanon |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Zaidi ya watu 96,000 katika Israeli<ref name="reuters.com2">{{Rejea tovuti |date=16 April 2024 |title=Israeli strikes in Lebanon kill three including Hezbollah commander, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-strikes-lebanon-kill-three-including-hezbollah-commander-sources-say-2024-04-16/ |access-date=24 April 2024 |website=Reuters}}</ref> na zaidi ya 111,000 katika Lebanon wameyakimbia makazi yao katika kipindi hicho.<ref name="leb-displace22">{{Rejea tovuti |date=27 August 2024 |title=Lebanon: Flash Update #25 – Escalation of hostilities in South Lebanon, as of 23 August 2024 – Lebanon |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-flash-update-25-escalation-hostilities-south-lebanon-23-august-2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923020751/https://reliefweb.int/report/lebanon/lebanon-flash-update-25-escalation-hostilities-south-lebanon-23-august-2024 |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs]] |language=en}}</ref> Israeli na Hezbollah wamekuwa wakishambuliana katika kiwango ambacho kisingezusha vita vya ngazi ya kitaifa.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Keller-Lynn |first=Carrie |date=27 July 2024 |title=Deadly Rocket Strike on Soccer Field Raises Risk of Escalation with Hezbollah |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/rocket-strike-on-israeli-soccer-field-raises-risk-of-escalation-with-hezbollah-69943fd8?mod=hp_lead_pos6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728012312/https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/rocket-strike-on-israeli-soccer-field-raises-risk-of-escalation-with-hezbollah-69943fd8?mod=hp_lead_pos6 |archive-date=28 July 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Hezbollah imesema kwamba haitoacha kuishambulia Israeli hadi pale nchi hiyo itakapokomesha operesheni yake ya kuishambulia Gaza,<ref name="aljazeera-2024-09-162">{{cite news |date=11 September 2024 |title=Mapping 11 months of Israel-Lebanon cross-border attacks |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/11/mapping-11-months-if-israel-lebanon-cross-border-attacks |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919021145/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/9/11/mapping-11-months-if-israel-lebanon-cross-border-attacks |archive-date=19 September 2024 |access-date=18 September 2024 |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> ambapo hadi sasa zaidi ya Wapalestina 42,300 wameuawa.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Beaumont |first=Peter |date=21 August 2024 |title=Hezbollah launches barrage of rockets and drones towards Israel |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/21/hezbollah-fires-rockets-drones-israel-golan-heights-lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926023838/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/21/hezbollah-fires-rockets-drones-israel-golan-heights-lebanon |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=19 September 2024 |title=The Hezbollah pager attacks prove that Israel has no strategy for peace |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/israel-pager-explosions-walkie-talkies-hezbollah-b2615113.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920152201/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/israel-pager-explosions-walkie-talkies-hezbollah-b2615113.html |archive-date=20 September 2024|access-date=25 September 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Israeli ikaitaka Hezbollah itekeleze Azimio la Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa na. 1701 na iondoe vikosi vyake kaskazini mwa mto Litani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=26 August 2024 |title='Flagrant violation': Danny Danon demands UNSC condemn Hezbollah, enforce resolution 1701 |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-816345 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240924044221/https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-816345 |archive-date=24 September 2024 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=23 September 2024 |title=Netanyahu on Hezbollah: We're not waiting for threats, we're pre-empting them |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-hamas-war/article-821375 |access-date=25 September 2024 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en}}</ref> Juhudi za kidiplomasia zikiongozwa na mwanadiplomasia wa Marekani Amos Hochstein na Ufaransa, mpaka sasa hazijafua dafu kwenye kujaribu kupata suluhu ya mzozo huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Lebanon FM fears intensification of Israeli Hezbollah offensive |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c72ppnzyr2eo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926023838/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c72ppnzyr2eo |archive-date=26 September 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Bowen: Tactical triumph for Israel, but Hezbollah won't be deterred |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c30lpyl46z3o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923080722/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c30lpyl46z3o |archive-date=23 September 2024 |access-date=24 September 2024 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 2023, Waziri wa Ulinzi wa Israeli Yoav Gallant alionya kwamba [[Beirut]] yaweza kujikuta kwenye hatima kama ya Gaza.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2023 |title=Gallant threatens Hezbollah: 'What we can do in Gaza, we can do in Beirut' |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-772795 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Alitoa onyo lingine kama hilo mnamo Januari 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 January 2024 |title=Gallant warns: If Hezbollah isn't deterred, Israel can 'copy-paste' Gaza war to Beirut |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/gallant-warns-if-hezbollah-isnt-deterred-israel-can-copy-paste-gaza-war-to-beirut/ |work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Mnamo Juni 2024, Gallant alifanya ziara Marekani, akitafuta uungwaji mkono juu ya azma ya kutanua malengo ya kivita dhidi ya Hezbollah na uwezekano wa kufanya uvamizi kwenye ardhi ya Lebanon.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title=Gallant's US trip strengthens potential challenge to Israel's Netanyahu |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/26/gallants-us-trip-strengthens-potential-challenge-to-israels-netanyahu |work=Al Jazeera}}</ref> == Mlolongo wa Matukio == ===Oktoba 2023=== ==== Mwitikio dhidi ya shambulizi kwenye Mashamba ya Shebaa ==== [[File:SoI-War_23-10-08_IDF_05.webm|thumb|Taswira mjongeo ya [[Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli - IDF|IDF]]<nowiki/>ikionyesha shambulizi katika miundombinu ya [[Hezbollah]] ikatika Mashamba ya Shebaa.]] Asubuhi ya Oktoba 8, [[Hezbollah]] ilifanya shambulizi la maguruneti na risasi kwenye ukanda wa Mashamba ya Shebaa katika kuwaunga mkono [[Hamas]]' walipoishambulia Israeli; katika kujibu, [[Jeshi la Ulinzi la Israeli - IDF]] iliishambulia Lebanon ya kusini kwa risasi na droni.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 October 2023 |title=Israel, Hezbollah exchange fire raising regional tensions |agency=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/israel-hezbollah-exchange-fire-raising-regional-tensions |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008101121/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/israel-hezbollah-exchange-fire-raising-regional-tensions |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=8 October 2023 |title=IDF artillery strikes targets in Lebanon as mortar shells fired toward Israel |work=[[The Times of Israel]] |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-artillery-strikes-targets-in-lebanon-as-mortar-shells-fired-toward-israel/ |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008044429/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-artillery-strikes-targets-in-lebanon-as-mortar-shells-fired-toward-israel/ |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref><ref name="Asharq-AlAwsat">{{cite news |title=Israel Army Fires Artillery at Lebanon as Hezbollah Claims Attack |language=en |work=[[Asharq Al-Awsat]] |url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4591836-israel-army-fires-artillery-lebanon-hezbollah-claims-attack |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008055038/https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/4591836-israel-army-fires-artillery-lebanon-hezbollah-claims-attack |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> Watoto wawili wa Kilebanoni waliripotiwa kuumizwa na vioo vilivyovunjika.<ref name="ap42">{{cite news |date=8 October 2023 |title=Israel battles Hamas militants as country's death toll from mass incursion reaches 600 |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71 |url-status=live |access-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008051308/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71 |archive-date=8 October 2023}}</ref> Siku iliyofuatia, Israeli ilifanya mashambulizi kadha ya anga dhidi ya Lebanon karibu na mji wa Marwahin, Ayta ash Shab<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Watch: Israeli bombing of Lebanese towns |url=https://www.mtv.com.lb/news/1393095 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013011904/https://www.mtv.com.lb/news/1393095 |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=[[MTV (Lebanon)|MTV Lebanon]] |language=en}}</ref> and Dhayra in the Bint Jbeil district.<ref name="Reuters-2023b">{{Rejea habari |date=9 October 2023 |title=Israeli military says its troops killed gunmen who infiltrated from Lebanon |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-its-troops-killed-gunmen-who-infiltrated-lebanon-2023-10-09/ |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009135215/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-its-troops-killed-gunmen-who-infiltrated-lebanon-2023-10-09/ |archive-date=9 October 2023}}</ref> Hii ilikuwa ni baada ya wanamgambo wengi wa Kipalestina kuuvamia mpaka wa Israeli,<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Zitun |first=Yoav |date=9 October 2023 |title=IDF strikes in Lebanon following terrorist infiltration into Israel |language=en |work=[[Ynetnews]] |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/sk6119o11wa |url-status=live |access-date=9 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013011907/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/sk6119o11wa |archive-date=13 October 2023}}</ref> tukio ambalo Hezbollah ilikanusha kuhusika. Kundi la kijeshi la Wajahidina wa Kiislamu wa Palestina walitangaza kuhusika na tukio hilo. IDF ikawaua wahusika wawili ambao bila shaka walikuwa Wapalestina,<ref name="Reuters-2023b" /> na mtu wa tatu alifanikiwa kutorokea Lebanon.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=10 October 2023 |title=Israeli soldiers and militants killed in confrontation on Lebanon frontier |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065338 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235954/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67065338 |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> Chanzo kimoja cha habari chenye uhusiano na Hezbollah kilitangaza kuwa wanachama watatu wa Hezbollah wameuawa na jeshi la Israeli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-10-09 |title=Hezbollah mourns its third member, Ali Hassan Hodroj, due to Israeli aggression |url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/726961/lbci-lebanon-articles/en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231009232219/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/726961/lbci-lebanon-articles/en |archive-date=9 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=[[Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International|LBCI]] |language=en}}</ref> Kwa kulipiza kisasi, Hezbollah waliwafyatulia risasi na maguruneti.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dress |first=Brad |date=9 October 2023 |title=Hezbollah fires again at Israel, spurring fears of second front |url=https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4246437-hezbollah-fires-israel-fears-second-front/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010010847/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/4246437-hezbollah-fires-israel-fears-second-front/ |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}</ref> Katika makabiliano hayo askari wawili wa Israeli na Lt. Col Alim Abdallah, Kamanda Msaidizi wa Brigedi ya 300 ya IDF, waliuawa na wengine watatu walijeruhiwa. Tarehe 11 Oktoba, Hezbollah ilirusha makombora ya kupambana na vifaru dhidi ya IDF na kutangaza kuwa wamesababisha majeruhi kadhaa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 October 2023 |title=Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-airstrikes-hostages-bf6c42f84526c4d9416978c8effd932a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232430/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-airstrikes-hostages-bf6c42f84526c4d9416978c8effd932a |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Oshin |first=Olafimihan |date=11 October 2023 |title=Israel withdraws warning of incursion from Lebanon, cites 'human error' |newspaper=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4250085-israelis-urged-to-shelter-after-hostile-aircraft-enter-from-lebanon-in-north/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011203741/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4250085-israelis-urged-to-shelter-after-hostile-aircraft-enter-from-lebanon-in-north/ |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> Katika kujibu, IDF ikalilipua eneo mlimotokea shambulio hilo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 October 2023 |title=Palestinians scramble for safety as Israel pounds sealed-off Gaza Strip to punish Hamas |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-airstrikes-hostages-bf6c42f84526c4d9416978c8effd932a |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010232430/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-airstrikes-hostages-bf6c42f84526c4d9416978c8effd932a |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Associated Press |language=en}}</ref> Hospitali ya Walebanoni wa Kitaliano iliyopo Tyre, Lebanoni, iliwapokea raia watatu waliojeruhiwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 October 2023 |title=More than 1,000 killed in Israeli blitz on Gaza Strip |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/more-1000-killed-israeli-blitz-gaza-strip |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013011908/https://www.newarab.com/news/israel-bombs-gaza-settlers-kill-4-palestinians-west-bank |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=[[The New Arab]] |language=en}}</ref> IDF iliwaamuru wakazi wa kaskazini mwa Israeli kwenda kwenye maeneo salama kufuatia taarifa za uwezekano wa mashambulizi ya droni kutokea kusini mwa Lebanoni.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Oshin |first=Olafimihan |date=11 October 2023 |title=Israel withdraws warning of incursion from Lebanon, cites 'human error' |newspaper=The Hill |url=https://thehill.com/policy/international/4250085-israelis-urged-to-shelter-after-hostile-aircraft-enter-from-lebanon-in-north/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011203741/https://thehill.com/policy/international/4250085-israelis-urged-to-shelter-after-hostile-aircraft-enter-from-lebanon-in-north/ |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023}}</ref> Kombora la Patriot lilifyatuliwa ili kulidungua gimba lililotiliwa shaka kuwa ni silaha lakini baadae IDF ilithibitisha kuwa kitu hicho hakikuwa droni.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=IDF: Interception on Lebanon border appears to be false alarm |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-interception-on-lebanon-border-appears-to-be-false-alarm/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231011042134/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-interception-on-lebanon-border-appears-to-be-false-alarm/ |archive-date=11 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Ving'ora vilirindima katika Israeli kaskazini yote kufuatia ripoti kuwa kuna uvamizi wa wanajeshi wa miamvuli wasiopungua 20 ndani ya Israeli lakini baadae IDF ilizitupilia mbali taarifa hizo kuwa si za kweli.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 October 2023 |title=Scare in Northern Israel Turned Out to be False Alarm |url=https://anash.org/war-expands-hezbollah-paratrooping-attack-from-lebanon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013011909/https://anash.org/war-expands-hezbollah-paratrooping-attack-from-lebanon/ |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=11 October 2023 |website=Anash}}</ref> Kamanda Mkuu Msaidizi wa Hezbollah Sheikh Naim Qassem alisema, "wakati muafaka wa kufanya jambo ukifika tutalitekeleza", akimaanisha kwamba Hezbollah ilikuwa tayari na ingehusika kikamilifu kwenye makabiliano dhidi ya Israeli kwa mujibu wa mpango wake yenyewe.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=Hezbollah says 'when time comes for any action, we will carry it out' |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hezbollah-says-when-time-comes-any-action-we-will-carry-it-out-2023-10-13/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231013122139/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hezbollah-says-when-time-comes-any-action-we-will-carry-it-out-2023-10-13/ |archive-date=13 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=Reuters |quote="We will contribute to the confrontation within our plan... when the time comes for any action, we will carry it out."}}</ref> IDF ikashambulia kwa risasi eneo la Lebanoni ya kusini kufuatia shambulio lililosababisha madhara kiasi kwenye sehemu ya ukuta wa mpaka karibu na kibbutz ya Hanita.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 October 2023 |title=IDF says blast causes minor section of Lebanon border wall; troops fire artillery in response |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-blast-causes-minor-section-of-lebanon-border-wall-troops-fire-artillery-in-response/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014025734/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-says-blast-causes-minor-section-of-lebanon-border-wall-troops-fire-artillery-in-response/ |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> IDF ilitoa video kuonesha shambulio lililofanywa na ndege isiyo na rubani (droni) ambalo , kwa mujibu wa maelezo yao, liliua wavamizi watatu kutoka Lebanon karibu na Margaliot ambao walikuwa wanachama wa who [[Hamas]].<ref>{{cite web |date=14 October 2023 |title=IDF publishes footage of drone strike on Lebanon border infiltrators |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-publishes-footage-of-drone-strike-on-lebanon-border-infiltrators/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014115235/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-publishes-footage-of-drone-strike-on-lebanon-border-infiltrators/ |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Hezbollah ilikiri kumtambua mmoja wao kuwa ni mwanachama wake. Nyakati za mchana, Hezbollah ilifyatua makombora 50 ya mauaji na mengine 6 ya kushambulia vifaru dhidi ya vituo vitano vya ulinzi wa mpaka vya Israeli ndani ya Mashamba ya Sheeba.<ref name="Khaleej-Times">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hezbollah says it attacked 5 Israeli outposts in disputed Shebaa Farms area |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/world/mena/hezbollah-says-it-attacked-5-israeli-outposts-in-disputed-shebaa-farms-area |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014151703/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/world/mena/hezbollah-says-it-attacked-5-israeli-outposts-in-disputed-shebaa-farms-area |archive-date=14 October 2023 |access-date=14 October 2023 |website=[[Khaleej Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Kadhalika, mashambulizi ya IDF yaliua raia wawili wa kijiji cha Shebaa; ushahidi wa video na picha tuli ulionesha matumizi ya mabomu ya fosforasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last1=Atallah |first1=Nada Maucourant |last2=Homsi |first2=Nada |date=14 October 2023 |title=Israel shelling killed two civilians in South Lebanon |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/10/14/hezbollah-heavily-bombards-israeli-positions-with-mortars-and-guided-missiles/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015223527/https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/2023/10/14/hezbollah-heavily-bombards-israeli-positions-with-mortars-and-guided-missiles/ |archive-date=15 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 15 Oktoba, Hezbollah ilifyatua makombora matano ya kushambulia vifaru kuelekea Israeli ya kaskazini na kuua raia mmoja na kujeruhi wengine watatu huko Shtula.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Khalid |first=Tuqa |date=15 October 2023 |title=Israel's military strikes Lebanon targets after Hezbollah claims fire on border town |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/15/Casualties-reported-in-attack-on-Israeli-village-Shtula-near-border-with-Lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015113953/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/15/Casualties-reported-in-attack-on-Israeli-village-Shtula-near-border-with-Lebanon |archive-date=15 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=[[Al Arabiya English]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=Hezbollah claims responsibility for deadly missile attacks on north |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hezbollah-claims-responsibility-for-deadly-missile-attacks-on-north/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015082811/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hezbollah-claims-responsibility-for-deadly-missile-attacks-on-north/ |archive-date=15 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> UNIFIL iliarifu kuwa makao yake makuu yaliyopo Naqoura kusini mwa Lebanoni yalishambuliwa na maguruneti lakini hakukuwa na aliyeumizwa.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 October 2023 |title=Peacekeeping force UNIFIL says headquarters in south Lebanon hit by a rocket |work=[[al-Arabiya]] |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/15/Peacekeeping-force-UNIFIL-says-headquarters-in-south-Lebanon-hit-by-a-rocket |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017163029/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/10/15/Peacekeeping-force-UNIFIL-says-headquarters-in-south-Lebanon-hit-by-a-rocket |archive-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> Luteni Amitai Granot, kamanda wa kikosi cha 75 cha Brigedi ya IDF ya Golani na mtoto wa Rabbi Tamir Granot, aliuwawa kwenye shambulio la kombora katika kituo cha IDF kinachopakana na Lebanoni. ==== Kuuawa kwa Issam Abdallah ==== [[File:Iron-Swords--Tanks-0021.jpg|thumb|alt=Alternative text|Kifaru cha IDF]] Mnamo tarehe 13 Oktoba, wakati kikundi cha waandishi wa habari wa [[Reuters]], Shirika la Habari la Ufaransa AFP na Mtandao wa Habari wa [[Al Jazeera]] wakirusha matangazo mbashara ya video kuonesha kituo cha IDF huko Aalma ech Chaab, walilengwa na kupigwa na mizinga miwili ya vifaru. Mzinga wa kwanza ulimuua mpiga picha wa Reuters Issam Abdallah. Wa pili ulifanya shambulio baya zaidi lililounguza gari la Al Jazeera, [[Toyota]] nyeupe, ambalo waandishi wa Al Jazeera, Carmen Joukhadar na Elie Brakhya, pamoja na mwenzao wa AFP Dylan Collins, walikuwa wamesimama pembeni yake.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last1=Gebeily |first1=Maya |last2=Deutsch |first2=Anthony |last3=Clarke |first3=David |date=7 December 2023 |title=Reuters journalist Issam Abdallah killed by Israeli tank, investigation finds |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/graphics/ISRAEL-LEBANON/JOURNALIST/akveabxrzvr/ |access-date=17 December 2023 |archive-date=3 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203011707/https://www.reuters.com/graphics/ISRAEL-LEBANON/JOURNALIST/akveabxrzvr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mpiga picha wa Reuters, Christina Assi, pia alijeruhiwa vibaya.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Ward |first=Euan |date=13 October 2023 |title=A Reuters cameraman is killed and six other journalists are injured near Lebanon's southern border. |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/world/middleeast/lebanon-israel-reuters-issam-abdullah-killed.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015001927/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/13/world/middleeast/lebanon-israel-reuters-issam-abdullah-killed.html |archive-date=15 October 2023 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Neumann-2023">{{Rejea habari |last=Neumann |first=Julia |date=14 October 2023 |title=Pressefreiheit im Israel-Gaza-Krieg: Journalist*innen als Zielscheibe |trans-title=Freedom of the press in the Israel-Gaza war : journalists as targets |url=https://taz.de/!5966384/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018162757/https://taz.de/Pressefreiheit-im-Israel-Gaza-Krieg/!5966384/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=Die Tageszeitung: taz |language=de |issn=0931-9085}}</ref> Jeshi la Lebanoni limesema IDF ndiyo iliyorusha kombora lililomuua Abdallah. Mwandishi mwingine wa Reuters aliyekuwepo kwenye eneo la tukio alisema kuwa Abdallah aliuawa na kombora lililorushwa kutokea upande wa Israeli.<ref name="Obituary-2023">{{Rejea habari |date=15 October 2023 |title=Obituary: Reuters' Issam Abdallah covered the world's biggest events with bravery and insight |language=en |publisher=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/obituary-reuters-issam-abdallah-covered-worlds-biggest-events-with-bravery-2023-10-14/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014235624/https://www.reuters.com/world/obituary-reuters-issam-abdallah-covered-worlds-biggest-events-with-bravery-2023-10-14/ |archive-date=14 October 2023}}</ref> Chapisho lake la mwisho kwenye akaunti yake ya [[Instagram]], aliloweka wiki moja kabla hajauwawa lilikuwa ni la picha ya Shireen Abu Akleh, mwandishi wa Kipalestina wa Al Jazeera ya Kiarabu ambaye aliuwawa na Israeli mwaka 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fahim |first1=Kareem |last2=Chamaa |first2=Mohamad El |last3=Francis |first3=Ellen |last4=Dadouch |first4=Sarah |date=14 October 2023 |title=Reuters journalist killed in southern Lebanon by Israeli strike, colleagues say |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/13/israel-gaza-war-lebanon-journalists/ |access-date=10 November 2023 |archive-date=25 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025203306/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/13/israel-gaza-war-lebanon-journalists/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="apnews">{{cite web |date=14 October 2023 |title=A Reuters videographer killed in southern Lebanon by Israeli shelling is laid to rest |url=https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-journalists-israel-afp-reuters-issam-abdallah-d07fc338e98934135d85734d71c4ec49 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109120033/https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-journalists-israel-afp-reuters-issam-abdallah-d07fc338e98934135d85734d71c4ec49 |archive-date=9 November 2023 |access-date=10 November 2023 |website=Associated Press}}</ref> Ripoti ya UNIFL ya Februari 2024 ilihitimisha kuwa kifaru cha Israeli kilimuua Abdallah pale kilipowafyatulia mzinga "waandishi wa habari waliokuwa wakionekana wazi wazi katika utambulisho wao", na kwamba huo ni uvunjifu wa sheria ya kimataifa. Tathmini ya ripoti hiyo imeonesha kuwa "hakukuwa na makabiliano yoyote ya risasi kwenye Mpaka wa Bluu wakati wa tukio hilo", ndani ya dakika 40 kabla ya tukio.<ref name=Bassam/> IDF iliijibu ripoti hiyo kwa kudai kuwa Hezbollah iliwashambulia, jambo lililowafanya wawajibu kwa kutumia mizinga ya vifaru .<ref name=Bassam>{{cite news |last1=Gauthier-Villars |first1=David |last2=Bassam |first2=Laila |last3=Perry |first3=Tom |title=Israeli tank strike killed 'clearly identifiable' Reuters reporter - UN report |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-tank-strike-killed-clearly-identifiable-reuters-reporter-un-report-2024-03-13/ |access-date=14 March 2024 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313175103/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-tank-strike-killed-clearly-identifiable-reuters-reporter-un-report-2024-03-13/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Makabiliano zaidi mnamo Oktoba ==== Mnamo tarehe 16 Oktoba, Amnesty International iliripoti kuwa IDF ilifanya mashambulizi ya mabomu ya fosforasi huko Dhayra, na kusababisha raia 9 kulazwa hospitali pamoja na kuchoma moto mali za kiraia.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chehayeb |first=Kareem |date=October 31, 2023 |title=Amnesty International says Israeli forces wounded Lebanese civilians with white phosphorus |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/amnesty-international-israeli-forces-wounded-lebanese-civilians-white-104521713 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231101005723/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/amnesty-international-israeli-forces-wounded-lebanese-civilians-white-104521713 |archive-date=1 November 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |work=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Aya Majzoub, Naibu Mkurugenzi wa Kanda ya Mashariki ya Kati na Afrrika ya Kaskazini ya Shirika la Haki za Binadamu (Amnesty International), alilielezea shambulio hilo kuwa ni la ukiukaji wa sheria ya kimataifa ambalo linahitaji kufanyiwa uchunguzi juu ya uhalifu wa kivita, na kwamba "kwa kiwango kikubwa limehatarisha maisha ya raia, ambao wengi wao walikuwa wamelazwa hospitalini na kupotezana na familia zao, na ambao nyumba na magari yao vilichomwa moto.<ref name="Amnesty Lebanon WP">{{cite web |date=31 October 2023 |title=Lebanon: Evidence of Israel's unlawful use of white phosphorus in southern Lebanon as cross-border hostilities escalate |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/lebanon-evidence-of-israels-unlawful-use-of-white-phosphorus-in-southern-lebanon-as-cross-border-hostilities-escalate/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231031230812/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/10/lebanon-evidence-of-israels-unlawful-use-of-white-phosphorus-in-southern-lebanon-as-cross-border-hostilities-escalate/ |archive-date=31 October 2023 |access-date=1 November 2023 |website=[[Amnesty International]] |publisher=}}</ref> Vyombo vya habari vya taifa la Lebanoni viliripoti kuwa Dhayra na maeneo mengine yanayopatikana kwenye sehemu ya mpaka zilijikuta kwenye kushambuliwa mfululizo na mabomu usiku kucha.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 2023 |title=Israel thwarts infiltration bid from Lebanon, killing four: army |work=[[France 24]] |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231017-israel-thwarts-infiltration-bid-from-lebanon-killing-four-army |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017163043/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231017-israel-thwarts-infiltration-bid-from-lebanon-killing-four-army |archive-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> Ilipokuwa mapema asubuhi, iliripotiwa kuwa watu wengi kiasi walionekana na dalili za kushindwa kupumua baada ya kile kilichoshukiwa kuwa IDF ilikipiga kijiji hicho kwa mabomu yenye fosforasi nyeupe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=17 October 2023 |title=At least four killed in Lebanon near Israel border, Red Cross says |url=https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-10-17/at-least-four-killed-in-lebanon-near-israel-border-red-cross-says/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018003609/https://efe.com/en/latest-news/2023-10-17/at-least-four-killed-in-lebanon-near-israel-border-red-cross-says/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=[[EFE]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Watu watatu walijeruhiwa baada ya kombora la kushambulia vifaru kutokea Lebanon kutua kwenye mji wa Israeli wa Metula.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 2023 |title=Clashes erupt again on the Lebanon-Israel border after an anti-tank missile is fired from Lebanon |work=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-hezbollah-clashes-cadccde8c6ce5400ee36fd12d3bfea52 |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017102326/https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-israel-hezbollah-clashes-cadccde8c6ce5400ee36fd12d3bfea52 |archive-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> Hezbollah wakatangaza kuwa wanachama wake watano waliuawa siku hiyo hiyo lakini haikuweza kufahamika mara moja kama walihusika katika suala la uvamizi mpakani.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=17 October 2023 |title=Lebanon-Israel border clashes escalate, 5 Hezbollah fighters killed |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231017164644/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-killed-four-people-who-tried-infiltrate-lebanon-plant-2023-10-17/ |archive-date=17 October 2023}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba 19, Jeshi la Ulinzi la Lebanon lilisema kwamba mtu mmoja aliuawa na mwingine kujeruhiwa, baada ya kundi la waandishi saba wa Iran kushambuliwa kwa makusudi kwa bunduki aina ya ''machine guns'' na Waisraeli, ingawa vyombo vya habari vya taifa la Iran vilikanusha madai hayo na kusema kuwa waandishi wao wote " wako hai na bukheri wa afya ".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=20 October 2023 |title=Lebanese army says Israel killed member of 'journalist team' |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/second-journalist-killed-israel-fire-lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021183736/https://www.newarab.com/news/second-journalist-killed-israel-fire-lebanon |archive-date=21 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |work=The New Arab |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The-New-Arab-2023">{{Rejea tovuti |date=20 October 2023 |title=Second journalist killed by Israel fire in Lebanon |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/second-journalist-killed-israel-fire-lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021183736/https://www.newarab.com/news/second-journalist-killed-israel-fire-lebanon |archive-date=21 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |work=[[The New Arab]] |language=en}}</ref> Walinda amani wa UNIFIL wakisema kuwa mtu mmoja aliuawa baada ya raia kujikuta katikati ya mapambano kwenye eneo la mpaka ambako Jeshi la Lebanoni liliomba msaada wa UNIFIL kupooza hali ya mambo. Israeli ikaombwa isimamishe mapigano "ili kuwezesha operesheni za uokoaji".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=19 October 2023 |title=Lebanon army says Israel killed member of 'journalist team' |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231019-un-says-one-killed-in-cross-border-fire-in-south-lebanon |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020011313/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231019-un-says-one-killed-in-cross-border-fire-in-south-lebanon |archive-date=20 October 2023 |access-date=20 October 2023 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="The-New-Arab-2023"/> Israeli ilianza shughuli ya uokoaji wa walowezi waishio karibu na mpaka wake na Lebanoni mnamo Oktoba 2023, ambapo iliwaokoa zaidi ya watu elfu 60 hadi kufikia Aprili 2024.<ref name="Displaced (he)">{{cite news |last1=צבי |first1=אסף |script-title=he:1,489 הרוגים, 133 חטופים עדיין בעזה: חצי שנה למלחמת חרבות ברזל |url=https://www.davar1.co.il/501396/ |access-date=8 July 2024 |website=[[Davar]] |date=7 April 2024 |language=he-IL |archive-date=27 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627155653/https://www.davar1.co.il/501396/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Israel announces evacuation plan for Kiryat Shmona city near Lebanese border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-announces-evacuation-plan-kiryat-shmona-city-near-lebanese-border-defense-2023-10-20/ |access-date=2 October 2024 |work=Reuters |date=20 October 2024}}</ref> Mapema, kwenye mchana wa tarehe 21 Oktoba, maguruneti kadha yalirushwa kutokea Lebanoni kuelekea kwenye Mashamba ya Sheeba; hayakujeruhi yeyote. IDF ikafanya shambulio la droni dhidi ya timu ya wanamgambo waliofyatua maguruneti hayo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=Anti-tank missile fired at Israeli village on Lebanese border; drone strike hits launchers |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/anti-tank-missile-fired-at-israeli-village-on-lebanese-border-drone-strike-hits-launchers/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026085019/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/anti-tank-missile-fired-at-israeli-village-on-lebanese-border-drone-strike-hits-launchers/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Baada ya muda mfupi, makombora ya kushambulia vifaru yaliyoboreshewa ulengaji shabaha yalirushwa kutokea Lebanoni kuelekea Margaliot na Hanital; wafanyakazi wawili wa kigeni walijeruhiwa. IDF ikafanya mashambulizi ya anga dhidi ya timu iliyorusha makombora.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |title=IDF video shows airstrike against missile squad on Lebanese border |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-video-shows-airstrike-against-missile-squad-on-lebanese-border/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=26 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231026074451/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-video-shows-airstrike-against-missile-squad-on-lebanese-border/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Jioni yake, kombora lingine la kushambulia vifaru lililoboreshewa ulengaji shabaha lilirushwa kutokea Lebanon kuelekea Bar'am. Askari mmoja wa IDF alijeruhiwa vibaya sana na wengine wawili walipata majeraha kiasi. IDF ikajibu kwa mashambulio kadha ya anga kusini mwa Lebanoni, baadhi ya mashambulizi yakiwalenga wanamgambo wengine waliokuwa wakijiandaa kushambulia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fabian |first=Emanuel |date=22 October 2023 |title=IDF hits Hezbollah posts in south Lebanon, says soldier seriously hurt in missile attack |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-hits-hezbollah-posts-in-south-lebanon-says-soldier-seriously-hurt-in-missile-attack/ |access-date=24 October 2023 |work=The Times of Israel |language=en-US |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021214626/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/idf-hits-hezbollah-posts-in-south-lebanon-says-soldier-seriously-hurt-in-missile-attack/ |url-status=live }}</ref> IDF ikashambulia maeneo mawili walimokuwamo wanajeshi wa Syria mnamo tarehe 24 Oktoba huko kusini magharibi mwa Syria, ikiwa ni mara ya kwanza ya IDF kufanya shambulio la wazi dhidi ya jeshi la Syria tangia kuanza kwa vita vya Gaza.<ref name="IRAN-UPDATE-3">{{Rejea tovuti |date=25 October 2023 |title=Iran Update, October 25, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-25-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231212085419/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-25-2023 |archive-date=12 December 2023 |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref> Hezbollah ikayashambulia maeneo 19 yenye askari wa IDF kwa kutumia makombora na mizinga. <ref name="Institute-for-the-Study-of-War">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Iran Update, October 29, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-29-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102042927/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-october-29-2023 |archive-date=2 November 2023 |access-date=2 November 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> na kushambulia kwa droni za matumizi ya mara moja [ ziendapo na kushambulia nazo huteketea] dhidi ya eneo walimokuwamo IDF kwa mara ya kwanza tangia kuanza kwa mgogoro huo.<ref name="Institute-for-the-Study-of-War-2023">{{cite web |date=2 November 2023 |title=Iran Update, November 2, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-2-2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Institute for the Study of War |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104080525/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-2-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> === November 2023 === [[File:Hassan Nasrallah's speech in Beirut, November 2023 (22).jpg|thumb|Wafuasi wa Hezbollah wakihudhuria mkutano wa hotuba ya [[Hassan Nasrallah]] jijini Beirut, 3 Novemba 2023]] Katika hotuba yake ya kwanza tangu kuanza kwa vita vya Gaza, iliyokuwa ikisubiriwa kwa hamu, aliyoitoa tarehe 3 Novemba, kiongozi wa Hezbollah [[Hassan Nasrallah]] alisema uwepo wa meli kubwa ya kubebea zana za kivita ya Marekani katika ukanda wa Mediterania, "haututishi".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=3 November 2023 |title=Lebanon's militant Hezbollah leader threatens escalation with Israel as its war with Hamas rages on |url=https://apnews.com/article/hassan-nasrallah-hezbollah-hamas-israel-cf7d6969db43e5d902580546ac4e4c22 |access-date=3 November 2023 |website=Associated Press |language=en |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103172744/https://apnews.com/article/hassan-nasrallah-hezbollah-hamas-israel-cf7d6969db43e5d902580546ac4e4c22 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=3 November 2023 |title=Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah makes first speech on Israel-Gaza war |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67304185 |access-date=3 November 2023 |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103014612/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-67304185 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 5, Hezbollah iliiangusha droni ya Israeli aina ya Elbit Hermes 450 kutoka kwenye anga la Nabatieh,<ref>{{cite web |last=Khan |first=Adan |date=5 November 2023 |title=Hezbollah shoots down Israeli drone in Nabatieh region |url=https://www.news9live.com/videos/world-videos/hezbollah-shoots-down-israeli-drone-in-nabatieh-region-2341533 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105132259/https://www.news9live.com/videos/world-videos/hezbollah-shoots-down-israeli-drone-in-nabatieh-region-2341533 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=News Nine}}</ref> huku mabaki ya droni hiyo yakiziangukia nyumba za miji ya Zabdin na Harouf.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 2023 |title=بالفيديو: حطام مسيّرة إسرائيلية في النبطية |trans-title=Video: Wreckage of an Israeli drone in Nabatieh |url=https://www.nidaalwatan.com/article/221505-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106144647/https://www.nidaalwatan.com/article/221505-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%AD%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=Nidaal Watan |language=ar}}</ref> Raia mmoja wa Israeli aliuawa.<ref name="All-Israel-News-2023">{{Rejea tovuti |date=5 November 2023 |title=Escalation in the north: Israeli civilian killed by Hezbollah, rockets hit Kiryat Shmona |url=https://allisrael.com/brief/escalation-in-the-north-israeli-civilian-killed-by-hezbollah-rockets-hit-kiryat-shmona |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105193611/https://allisrael.com/brief/escalation-in-the-north-israeli-civilian-killed-by-hezbollah-rockets-hit-kiryat-shmona |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=[[allisrael.com]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Watu wanne waliripotiwa kujeruhiwa baada ya mashambulizi ya mabomu ya Israeli kuyalipua magari mawili ya wagonjwa.<ref name="macaubusiness.com">{{Rejea tovuti |date=5 November 2023 |title=Four wounded in Israel strike on Lebanon ambulances: rescuers |url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/four-wounded-in-israel-strike-on-lebanon-ambulances-rescuers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105193610/https://www.macaubusiness.com/four-wounded-in-israel-strike-on-lebanon-ambulances-rescuers/ |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=Macau Business |language=en-GB |agency=Agence France-Presse}}</ref> Baadae, shambulio la anga la Israeli liliyalipua magari mawili ya raia huko Lebanon kwenye eneo la kati baina ya miji ya Aynata na Aitaroun, na kuua mwanamke mmoja, wajukuu wake watatu wa umri kati ya miaka 10 na 14, kadhalika kumjeruhi vibaya binti yake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=A woman and 3 children are killed by an Israeli airstrike in south Lebanon, local officials say |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/woman-3-children-killed-israeli-airstrike-south-lebanon-104644462 |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=ABC News |language=en |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105192305/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/woman-3-children-killed-israeli-airstrike-south-lebanon-104644462 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kujibu, Hezbollah ikaishambulia [[Kiryat Shmona]],<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=5 November 2023 |title=Hezbollah fires rockets at Kiryat Shmona in response to killing of civilians |url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/301378 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105192928/https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/301378 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=[[Naharnet]]}}</ref> na kumuua raia mmoja wa Israeli.<ref><nowiki>{{Cite AV medi a |url=</nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKCG5y7CfeA |title=Israeli govt says Israeli citizen killed in rockets fired by Hezbollah's retaliatory attack |date=6 November 2023 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English]] |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107113118/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKCG5y7CfeA&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=7 November 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></ref> Brigedi za Al-Qassam zikachukua jukumu la kurusha maguruneti 16 kutokea Lebanoni yakilengwa kwenye maeneo ya kusini mwa Haifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=6 November 2023 |title=Hamas Says Launched 16 Rockets From Lebanon At Israel |url=https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/hamas-says-launched-16-rockets-from-lebanon-at-israel-4551528 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106163721/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/hamas-says-launched-16-rockets-from-lebanon-at-israel-4551528 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |website=[[NDTV]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> Wakati huohuo, Israeli ikaripoti kuwa maguruneti yapatayo 30 yamekuwa yakirushwa ambapo IDF ilijibu mapigo kwa kuvilenga vyanzo vya mashambulizi . Hezbollah na brigedi za Al-Qassam pia walifanya mashambulio wakirusha makombora yaliyovuka mpaka hadi juu ya ardhi ya Israeli kaskazini<ref name="Institute-for-the-Study-of-War" /> Kamanda mkuu msaidizi wa Hezbollah Naim Qassem alisema kwamba kundi lake litalazimika kuingia kwenye mgogoro mpana zaidi kutokana na mashambulizi ya Israeli huko Gaza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Israel-Hamas war: Hezbollah official says group could be forced into wider conflict over Gaza attacks |url=https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-war-hezbollah-official-says-group-could-be-forced-into-wider-conflict-over-gaza-attacks-13002377 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107053534/https://news.sky.com/story/israel-hamas-war-hezbollah-official-says-group-could-be-forced-into-wider-conflict-over-gaza-attacks-13002377 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 10 Novemba, Hezbollah iliishambulia kambi ya IDF kwa makombora ya kushambulia vifaru huko Manara ambako askari watatu walijeruhiwa. Nayo IDF ikashambulia maeneo yalikotokea mashambulizi hayo.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=10 November 2023 |title=Anti-tank missiles target IDF border outpost, Israeli forces return artillery fire |language=en |work=Ynetnews |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skhvayj7a |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111114720/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skhvayj7a |url-status=live }}</ref> Hezbollah ikafanya mashambulizi matatu ya droni kaskazini mwa Israeli ilizilenga sehemu waliko IDF na raia.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 November 2023 |title=Iran Update, November 10, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-10-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117143905/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-10-2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> Droni moja ilidunguliwa na nyingine mbili zilifanikiwa kupenya na kushambulia Israeli.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=4 IDF soldiers seriously wounded by Hezbollah anti-tank missile, drone strike |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/4-idf-soldiers-seriously-wounded-by-hezbollah-anti-tank-missile-drone-strike/ |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111161022/https://www.timesofisrael.com/4-idf-soldiers-seriously-wounded-by-hezbollah-anti-tank-missile-drone-strike/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Wapiganaji saba wa Hezbollah waliuwawa kwenye makabiliano hayo. IDF iliishambulia Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital Kwa mizinga na kumjeruhi daktari mmoja. Wizara ya Afya ya Umma ya Lebanon ilililaani shambulio hilo, ikisema kuwa "Mamlaka za Israeli zinawajibika kikamilifu na tukio hilo lisilo la kibinadamu, ambalo lingeweza kuzaa janga kubwa", na ikataka uchunguzi ufanyike.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 November 2023 |title=Israeli missile strike hits hospital in southern Lebanon |url=https://arab.news/55y9j |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=Arab News |language=en |archive-date=17 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217095918/http://arab.news/55y9j |url-status=live }}</ref> Vuguvugu la Amal, lenye ushirika na Hezbollah, lilitangaza kuwa kuna mpiganaji aliyeuwawa kwa shambulio la kombora kwenye kijiji Rab El Thalathine, ambapo wapiganaji wengine wawili walijeruhiwa. Hilo lilitokea mnamo tarehe 11 Novemba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 November 2023 |title='أمل' تنعى أحد عناصرها... قضى بقصف إسرائيليّ على بلدة رب ثلاثين |trans-title="Amal" mourns one of its members...who was killed by an Israeli bombing on the town of Rab Thilaine |url=https://www.annahar.com/arabic/section/76-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/288534/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111162301/https://www.annahar.com/arabic/section/76-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9/288534/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[An-Nahar]] |language=ar}}</ref> Hao walikuwa majeruhi wa mwanzo kabisa upande wa Hezbollah tangia wajiunge na mapigano hayo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=11 November 2023 |title=Second Shia militia group joins clashes on Lebanese border |url=https://en.royanews.tv/news/46367/2023-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111171725/https://en.royanews.tv/news/46367/2023-11-11 |archive-date=11 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=[[Roya News]] |language=en}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 12 Novemba, makombora ya kushambulia vifaru na mizinga ya kushambulia maadui ya Hezbollah vilimuua mfanyakazi wa Shirika la Umeme la Israeli ambaye alikuwa akifanya kazi ya matengenezo, wa kadhalika kujeruhi Waisraeli wengine 21, ikiwa ni pamoja na maaskari 7 wa IDF na watu wengine 6 waliokuwa nao.<ref name="The-Jerusalem-Post-2023c">{{Rejea tovuti |date=12 November 2023 |title=IDF hits targets in Lebanon after 21 Israelis wounded by Hezbollah |url=https://jpost.com/breaking-news/article-772861 |access-date=12 November 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112130906/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-772861 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="wwwbarronscom">{{Rejea tovuti |date=13 November 2023 |title=Israel Power Company Says Worker Killed By Strike From Lebanon |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/israel-power-company-says-worker-killed-by-strike-from-lebanon-23baace5 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240206081923/https://www.barrons.com/news/israel-power-company-says-worker-killed-by-strike-from-lebanon-23baace5 |archive-date=6 February 2024 |access-date=13 November 2023 |website=[[Barron's]] |language=en-US |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]]}}</ref> Hali kadhalika, Hezbollah walilishambulia tingatinga la IDF katika shambulio lingine tofauti. IDF ikasema ilifanya shambulio la droni dhidi ya kikundi kazi cha adui kilichojaribu kufyatua makombora ya kushambulia vifaru wakiwa karibu na Metula.<ref name="apnov12">{{Rejea tovuti |date=12 November 2023 |title=Missile fire from Lebanon wounds a utility work crew in northern Israel as the front heats up |url=https://apnews.com/article/israel-lebanon-hezbollah-antitank-missile-hamas-gaza-88266c7dbbdf80adfe9157909a39dccb |website=Associated Press |language=en |access-date=12 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112223739/https://apnews.com/article/israel-lebanon-hezbollah-antitank-missile-hamas-gaza-88266c7dbbdf80adfe9157909a39dccb |url-status=live }}</ref> Katika makabiliano mengine, mpiganaji mmoja wa Hezbollah aliuwawa.<ref name="Khaleej-Times"/> Kufuatia shambulio la Hezbollah la tarehe 13 Novemba, IDF ilijibu kwa mashambulizi makali kwenye maeneo yote ya kusini mwa Lebanoni ambayo yaliripotiwa kuua watu wawili, taarifa anbazo zilitolewa na shirika rafiki kwa mshirika wa Hezbollah, ''Vuguvugu la Amal''.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=13 November 2023 |title=Lebanon front with Israel heats up, stoking fears of wider war |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-front-with-israel-heats-up-stoking-fears-wider-war-2023-11-13/ |access-date=13 November 2023 |archive-date=13 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231113163510/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-front-with-israel-heats-up-stoking-fears-wider-war-2023-11-13/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Wapiganaji wasiotambulika walifyatua makombora ya kushambulia vifaru yaliyoboreshewa ulengaji shabaha na kuwajeruhi Waisraeli wawili karibu na Netu'a.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=13 November 2023 |title=Iran Update, November 13, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-13-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093141/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-13-2023 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> Guruneti la Israeli lilidondokea karibu na waandishi wa habari huko Yaroun, Lebanon, hakuna majeruhi walioripotiwa.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z1eyq-o1POY |title=Lebanese journalists came under Israeli air strike while on duty |type=Short video |publisher=[[TRT World]] |access-date=14 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231114125433/https://www.youtube.com/shorts/Z1eyq-o1POY |archive-date=14 November 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Hezbollah ilililaani shambulio hilo, ambalo lilitokea wakati waandishi hao walikuwa wakiutembelea mji huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=15 November 2023 |title=Operation Iron Swords (Updated to 1 p.m., November 14, 2023) |url=https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/operation-iron-swords-updated-to-1-p-m-november-14-2023/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115094244/https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/operation-iron-swords-updated-to-1-p-m-november-14-2023/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |website=[[Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center]]}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 16 Novemba, Hezbollah ilifanya mashambulizi manane dhidi ya vifaru vya majeshi ya Israeli na miundombinu yao ya kijeshi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=16 November 2023 |title=Iran Update, November 16, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-16-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117130627/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-16-2023 |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=18 November 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> Muda wa mchana, Hezbollah ilifanya mashambulizi mengi sana dhidi ya miji iliyo karibu na mpaka na kuvilenga vikosi vilivyokuwepo Shtula na Hadab Yaron.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=16 November 2023 |title=Lebanese army leadership doubts grow after talks fail |url=https://arab.news/pqerj |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=[[Arab News]] |language=en |archive-date=4 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504091149/https://arab.news/pqerj |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=13 November 2023 |title=Islamic Resistance: We targeted enemy's Hadab Yaroun site and achieved direct hits |url=https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/justice-law/654798/islamic-resistance-we-targeted-enemy-s-hadab-yarou |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240217063838/https://www.nna-leb.gov.lb/en/justice-law/654798/islamic-resistance-we-targeted-enemy-s-hadab-yarou |archive-date=17 February 2024 |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=National News Agency}}</ref> IDF ikajibu vikali kwa kuishambulia Lebanon ya kusini na ndege za kivita za Israeli ziliziangusha makombora walimokuwamo Hezbollah.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title="خطة طوارئ" للأسوأ.. تواصل الاشتباكات على الحدود اللبنانية الإسرائيلية {{!}} الحرة |trans-title=A “contingency plan” for the worst... Clashes continue on the Lebanese-Israeli border |url=https://www.alhurra.com/lebanon/2023/11/17/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A3-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116235627/https://www.alhurra.com/lebanon/2023/11/17/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A6-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A3-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9 |archive-date=16 November 2023 |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=[[Alhurra]] |language=ar}}</ref> Hezbollah wakatangaza kuwa wapiganaji wake wawili wameuawa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=16 November 2023 |title=Two Hezbollah Fighters Dead Following Shellings in South Lebanon |url=https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/lebanon/198958 |access-date=17 November 2023 |website=This is Beirut |language=en-US |archive-date=17 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117133832/https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/lebanon/198958 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Siku nne baadae, kambi ya IDF ya Biranit iliharibiwa vibaya kutokana na mvua ya maguruneti aina ya Burkan ya Hezbollah.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=20 November 2023 |title=IDF Base Suffers Heavy Damage Following Hezbollah Rocket Barrage |url=https://theatlasnews.co/conflict/2023/11/20/idf-base-suffers-heavy-damage-following-hezbollah-rocket-barrage/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120131334/https://theatlasnews.co/conflict/2023/11/20/idf-base-suffers-heavy-damage-following-hezbollah-rocket-barrage/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=Atlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Ndege za kivita za IDF ikayalipua maeneo mengi walimokuwamo Hezbollah, na maaskari wake walilivuruga kabisa ficho la wapiganaji wa Hezbollah karibu na Metula.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=20 November 2023 |title=IDF strikes Hezbollah targets in Lebanon |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774257 |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120215220/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774257 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kanisa kongwe la kihistoria la Mt. George liliharibiwa vibaya huko Yaroun baada ya kulipuliwa na IDF.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kCWsRfzH7uA |title=Israeli army targets St George Church in Southern Lebanon |type=Short video |publisher=[[Middle East Eye]] |access-date=24 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124041226/https://www.youtube.com/shorts/kCWsRfzH7uA |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Nyumba ya mbunge wa Vuguvugu la Amal, Kabalan Kabalan, pia iliharibiwa na shambulio la guruneti.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=20 November 2023 |title=بالفيديو: استهداف منزل نائب في ميس الجبل |trans-title=Video: Targeting a deputy’s house in Mays al-Jabal |url=https://www.imlebanon.org/2023/11/20/kabalan-kabalan-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120201637/https://www.imlebanon.org/2023/11/20/kabalan-kabalan-2/ |archive-date=20 November 2023 |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=IMLebanon |language=ar}}</ref> Hezbollah ikadai kuwa imefanya shambulio dhidi ya kambi ya IDF ya Division ya 91 huko Baranit.<ref name="Khaleej-Times"/> Mnamo tarehe 21 Novemba, shambulio la anga la IDF huko ''Kafr Kila'', Lebanon, lilimuua mama mmoja wa makamo na mjukuu wake.<ref>[https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/21/Israel-strikes-south-Lebanon-elderly-woman-killed- Israel strikes south Lebanon, elderly woman killed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121205848/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/21/Israel-strikes-south-Lebanon-elderly-woman-killed-|date=21 November 2023}} 21 November 2023 via [[Al Arabiya English]]</ref> Kundi lingine la waandishi wa habari lilishambuliwa kwa makusudi na IDF karibu na ''Tayr Harfa'' ambapo watu watatu waliuwawa, ikiwa ni pamoja na waandishi wa habari 2 wa ''Al Mayadeen'', mwakilishi wa kituo cha habari na mpiga picha habari, pamoja na mwongoza wageni.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=21 November 2023 |title=Israeli strike kills two reporters, third person in south Lebanon - state media, PM |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-reporters-killed-near-lebanese-border-with-israel-lebanon-state-news-agency-2023-11-21/ |access-date=21 November 2023 |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121135023/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/two-reporters-killed-near-lebanese-border-with-israel-lebanon-state-news-agency-2023-11-21/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kisha, siku hiyo hiyo, wapiganaji wanne wa Brigedi ya Al-Qassam waliuwawa na shambulio la IDF kwenye gari lao karibu na ''Chaaitiyeh''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Israeli airstrikes on Lebanon kill 2 journalists of a pan-Arab TV station, 4 Palestinian militants |url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/world/mena/israeli-airstrikes-on-lebanon-kill-2-journalists-of-a-pan-arab-tv-station-4-palestinian-militants |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=Khaleej Times |language=en |archive-date=21 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121153501/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/world/mena/israeli-airstrikes-on-lebanon-kill-2-journalists-of-a-pan-arab-tv-station-4-palestinian-militants |url-status=live }}</ref> Mpiganaji mwingine wa Hezbollah aliuwawa kwenye shambulio jingine tofauti huko ''Khiam''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=21 November 2023 |title=Israeli airstrikes in S. Lebanon kill 9 |url=https://english.news.cn/20231121/7c7fd784ba7c44179426ae3600855468/c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121153504/https://english.news.cn/20231121/7c7fd784ba7c44179426ae3600855468/c.html |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |website=[[Xinhua News Agency|Xinhua]]}}</ref> ==== Kusimamishwa mapigano ==== [[Hezbollah]] iliiambia [[Al Jazeera]] kuwa itayaheshimu makubaliano ya muda ya kusimamishwa kwa mapambano ya mwaka 2023 kati ya [[Israeli]] na [[Hamas]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=22 November 2023 |title=Israel-Hamas ceasefire also applies to southern Lebanon - Hezbollah |url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774544 |access-date=22 November 2023 |website=The Jerusalem Post |language=en-US |archive-date=22 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122144400/https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/article-774544 |url-status=live }}</ref> Baada ya makubaliano ya muda ya kusimamishwa kwa mapambano baina ya Israeli na Hamas ya Novemba 24 ,2023, Hezbollah iliacha kufanya harakati za kijeshi angalau kwa muda, jambo lililoifanya IDF nayo kuacha kuishambulia Lebanon ya kusini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=26 November 2023 |title=Israeli and Hezbollah strikes near Lebanon border have stopped amid Israel-Hamas truce |url=https://www.france24.com/en/video/20231126-en-nw-grab-rawad-taha-from-7h-gnignati-rebecca |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201143346/https://www.france24.com/en/video/20231126-en-nw-grab-rawad-taha-from-7h-gnignati-rebecca |archive-date=1 December 2023 |access-date=1 December 2023 |website=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref> Raia wengi walioyakimbia makazi yao walirejea majumbani mwao kwenye kipindi hicho shwari.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last1=Taher |first1=Aziz |last2=Alwaaile |first2=Hussein |date=30 November 2023 |title=People in southern Lebanon, rushing home amid truce, hope fighting is over |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/people-southern-lebanon-rushing-home-amid-truce-hope-fighting-is-over-2023-11-29/ |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=1 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231201183848/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/people-southern-lebanon-rushing-home-amid-truce-hope-fighting-is-over-2023-11-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hata hivyo, katika kipindi hicho cha amani, Hezbollah ikadai imetekeleza mashambulizi 23 mengine kaskazini mwa Israeli.<ref name="IRAN-UPDATE-4">{{Rejea tovuti |date=24 November 2023 |title=Iran Update, November 24, 2023 |url=https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-24-2023 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125115739/https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-november-24-2023 |archive-date=25 November 2023 |access-date=25 November 2023 |website=Institute for the Study of War}}</ref> Kitengo cha ''patroo'' cha Jeshi la kikanda la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] la kulinda amani kwenye ukanda huo, UNIFIL, kilishambuliwa kwa bunduki na IDF karibu sana na ''Aitaroun'' lakini hakuna aliyedhurika. UNIFIL ilililaani tukio hilo na kutoa wito kwa pande zinazozozana kukumbushwa "wajibu wao wa kuwakinga waangalizi wa amani na kutowaweka waangalizi hao wake kwa waume kwenye hatari."<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/25/UNIFIL-says-Israeli-gunfire-hit-one-of-its-patrols-in-southern-Lebanon |title=UNIFIL says Israeli gunfire hit one of its patrols in southern Lebanon &#124; al Arabiya English |access-date=25 November 2023 |archive-date=25 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125154254/https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2023/11/25/UNIFIL-says-Israeli-gunfire-hit-one-of-its-patrols-in-southern-Lebanon |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Historia ya Mashariki ya Kati]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Israeli]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Lebanoni]] [[Jamii:Historia ya Palestina]] [[Jamii:Vita za Israeli]] m02tgau05ust147866zu9oroftu9gxj 0 187633 1613968 1525421 2026-11-05T19:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613968 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha: Sergio Cardinal Sebastiani.png|thumb|Sergio Sebastiani.]] '''Sergio Sebastiani''' ([[11 Aprili]] [[1931]] – [[16 Januari]] [[2024]]) alikuwa kiongozi wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] wa [[Italia]] ambaye aliongoza Prefectures ya Masuala ya Kiuchumi ya [[Vatikani]] kutoka mwaka 1997 hadi 2008. Aliteuliwa kuwa [[kardinali]] mwaka 2001. Kuanzia mwaka 1960 hadi 1994, alifanya kazi katika huduma ya kidiplomasia ya Vatikani, akawa askofu msaidizi na [[Balozi wa Papa]] mwaka 1976 na kuongoza ofisi zinazowakilisha Vatikani nchini [[Madagaska]], [[Mauritius]], na [[Uturuki]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=SEBASTIANI Card. Sergio |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sebastiani_s.html |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=press.vatican.va |archive-date=4 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904070524/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sebastiani_s.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=CNA |title=Sebastiani, Sergio* |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/55244/sebastiani-sergio* |access-date=2024-01-17 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en |archive-date=17 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117104625/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/55244/sebastiani-sergio* |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki wa Italia]] j1ymllol8k64ievugx2oe73w6qta12b 0 188323 1613976 1357127 2026-11-05T19:53:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613976 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Shenseea_in_2019.png|thumb|Shenseea mwaka 2019.]] '''Chinsea Linda Lee''' (anayejulikana kitaalamu kama '''Shenseea''', amezaliwa 1 Oktoba 1996) ni mwimbaji wa [[dancehall]] kutoka [[Jamaika]].<ref name=AllMusic>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/shenseea-mn0003590555/biography |title=Shenseea |last=Thomas |first=Fred |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=June 26, 2022 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818123043/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/shenseea-mn0003590555/biography |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Star of the Month: Shenseea open to meeting her father|url=http://jamaica-star.com/article/entertainment/20180711/star-month-shenseea-open-meeting-her-father|access-date=3 October 2019|website=jamaica-star|date=11 July 2018|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125114130/http://jamaica-star.com/article/entertainment/20180711/star-month-shenseea-open-meeting-her-father|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shenseea |url=https://www.reggaeville.com/artist-details/shenseea/about/ |website=Reggae Ville |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=30 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530211645/https://www.reggaeville.com/artist-details/shenseea/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ElleMusic">{{cite web |last1=Adams |first1=Kelsey |title=The Alpha Sounds of Jamaican Artist, Shenseea |url=https://www.ellecanada.com/culture/music/shenseea-interview |website=Elle |access-date=1 December 2023 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722141411/https://www.ellecanada.com/culture/music/shenseea-interview |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Jamaika]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] kibwhe2zgtnnmyg6k0h5m4hhm5h3ab6 0 189284 1613892 1600743 2026-11-05T17:57:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613892 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niniola Apata''' (akijulikana pia kama Niniola; alizaliwa [[15 Desemba]] [[1986]]) ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka [[Nigeria]].<ref name=20130802pmnewsnigeria-mtn>{{cite news|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/08/02/mtn-project-fame-season-6-contestants-unveiled/|title=MTN Project Fame Season 6 Contestants Unveiled|work=[[P.M. News]]|date=2 August 2013|access-date=30 May 2016|archive-date=27 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027134309/https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2013/08/02/mtn-project-fame-season-6-contestants-unveiled/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=NINIOLA {{!}} Biography |url=http://www.officialniniola.com/biography/ |access-date=2022-12-23 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223213044/http://www.officialniniola.com/biography/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Sanaa == Kufikia mwaka [[2018]], mtindo wa [[muziki]] wa Niniola ulielezewa na BET kama "mchanganyiko wa ''Afrobeats'' na ''House music''".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What You Need To Know About Niniola The Afro-House Queen|url=https://www.bet.com/article/v73zoh/niniola-the-queen-of-afro-house-is-a-boss-in-her-own-right|access-date=2024-11-04|website=BET|language=en|archive-date=2020-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808122724/https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2018/bet-international/features/niniola-the-afro-house-queen.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="20150810naij">{{cite news|url=https://www.naij.com/505438-exclusive-read-project-fames-niniola-says-love-life-music.html|title=Exclusive: Singer Niniola Talks About Her Music, Charity Organization And More|work=[[Naij]]|date=10 August 2015|access-date=28 May 2016|archive-date=7 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807074325/https://www.naij.com/505438-exclusive-read-project-fames-niniola-says-love-life-music.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Baadaye, kufikia mwaka [[2020]], mtindo wake wa kipekee ulijumuisha pia [[Amapiano]], na akawa Mwimbaji wa kwanza kutoka Nigeria kutoa wimbo uliotumia ''logdrums'' za amapiano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Adebiyi|first=Adeayo|date=2022-09-15|title=Who did it first?: The battle over the importation of Amapiano|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/nigerian-artists-disagree-over-the-importation-of-amapiano/6ns9e8c#:~:text=Amapiano%20is%20a%20South%20Africa,were%20released%20in%202020%20include:|access-date=2024-11-04|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka [[2022]], vyanzo vingine vilimkadiria mtindo wake kama "''Afropiano''", mchanganyiko wa muziki unaounganisha Afrobeats na Amapiano.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Tofe|first=Ayeni|date=September 13, 2022|title=From Afrobeats to Amapiano, is it time for Afropiano on the global stage?|url=https://www.theafricareport.com/237541/from-afrobeats-to-amapiano-is-it-time-for-afropiano-on-the-global-stage/|website=the Africa report}}</ref> Katika mahojiano na Gbolahan Adeyemi wa NGWide mwaka 2015, Niniola alieleza mapenzi yake ya kuimba kwa ''Lugha ya Kiyoruba'', akieleza kuwa lugha hiyo huongeza mvuto na uzuri katika uwasilishaji wa nyimbo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2015-10-03|title=NGwide Interview: Niniola Mp3, Video|url=https://www.ngwide.net/ngwide-interview-niniola/|access-date=2020-12-24|website=NGwide.net|language=en-GB|archive-date=2022-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003061030/https://www.ngwide.net/ngwide-interview-niniola/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Music|first=Playlists &|date=24 August 2020|title=The Timeless Hit-Making Relationship between SARZ and Niniola|url=https://www.morebranches.com/the-timeless-relationship-between-sarz-and-niniola/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126110311/https://www.morebranches.com/the-timeless-relationship-between-sarz-and-niniola/|archive-date=26 November 2022|access-date=31 December 2023|website=More Branches}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Ngema|first=Zee|author-link=OkayAfrica|date=2 October 2020|title=Niniola Brings Africa To The World With New Album 'Colours and Sounds'|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/niniola-new-album-colours-sounds/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204020839/https://www.okayafrica.com/niniola-new-album-colours-sounds/|archive-date=4 December 2022|access-date=31 December 2023|website=Okay Africa}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Nigeria]] [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1986]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:WikiMonthly Edit-a-thon Kilimanjaro]] r7r4syj9gbr3rylhxpfk5a9egzfy7tp 0 189452 1613961 1369558 2026-11-05T19:38:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613961 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandro Cervellini''' ([[24 Agosti]] [[1940]] – [[8 Agosti]] [[2009]]) alikuwa mwanabaiskeli wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=29256 |title=Sandro Cervellini |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2016-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704053556/http://cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=29256 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alishiriki katika mbio za [[Tour de France]] za mwaka [[1962]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] q0e21sl4lh1n5my81iw3zobgj1r623m 0 189456 1614039 1369607 2026-11-05T21:03:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vittorio Chiarini''' (alizaliwa [[15 Februari]] [[1937]]) ni mwanabaiskeli wa [[Italia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=29282 |title=Vittorio Chiarini |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607061937/http://cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=29282 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aliwahi kushiriki katika mbio za [[Tour de France]] mwaka [[1962]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] ddbimari8ghyn14hg3imfnea30uk40w 0 190722 1613911 1523359 2026-11-05T18:29:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Bello Amedume''' (alizaliwa [[28 Februari|Februari 28]], [[2003]]) ni [[Mpira wa miguu|mchezaji wa soka]] kutoka Canada ambaye anacheza kama mlinzi katika klabu ya Pacific FC katika Ligi Kuu ya [[Kanada]].<ref name=tribune>{{cite web|url=https://northerntribune.ca/pacific-fc-paul-amedume/|title=Pacific Adds Amedume On Developmental Deal|date=October 26, 2021|work=Northern Tribune|first=John|last=Jacques}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.btbsoccer.com/latest-news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027122611/https://www.btbsoccer.com/latest-news|archive-date=October 27, 2021|url-status=dead|work=BTB Academy|title=Vancouver Whitecaps Academy Select 2 BTB Players (2017)}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2003|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 69q9cqqg7p6braa296epe0q9nde4k62 0 191072 1614003 1526853 2026-11-05T20:23:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614003 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Taylor Benjamin.jpg|thumb|Benjamin akiwa na Capital City mwaka 2011]] '''Taylor Benjamin''' (alizaliwa [[Kanada]], Machi 27, [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka. Aliiwakilisha [[timu ya taifa]] ya [[Guyana]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida|url=https://www.ocaa.com/sports/msoc/2009-10/releases/11092009ccaapreview|title=ALGONQUIN, SENECA PREPARE FOR NATIONAL TITLE RUNS|date=2009-11-09|website=Ontario Colleges Athletic Association|language=en|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://kingstonfc.ca/players-and-stats/roster/|title=Kingston FC – The Official Website of Kingston's Professional Men's Soccer Club » Kingston FC 2013 Official Roster & Player Bios|last=|first=|date=2013-09-16|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130916154713/http://kingstonfc.ca/players-and-stats/roster/|archive-date=September 16, 2013|access-date=2020-03-19}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guyana]] 1l7p3g7fzqkeyqi2cf96ydxvxl91pwo 0 191284 1614013 1369588 2026-11-05T20:33:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614013 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tiziano Galvanin''' (5 Machi 1941 – 7 Januari 2004) alikuwa mchezaji wa baiskeli wa [[Italia]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=12259 |title=Tiziano Galvanin |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321134701/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=12259 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aliendesha baiskeli katika Tour de France ya mwaka 1962. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii: Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 2004]] 7q452qevdoszjgx95kr9bcgkt64mz7c 0 191333 1613830 1372586 2026-11-05T16:11:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mario Zanchi''' ([[8 Mei]] [[1939]] – [[20 Aprili]] [[1976]]) alikuwa [[mchezaji]] wa kuendesha [[Baisikeli|baiskeli]] kutoka [[Italia]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=28910 |title=Mario Zanchi |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2021-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415073534/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=28910 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aliendesha baiskeli katika Tour de France ya mwaka [[1962]]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii: Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 1976]] 547oyzda0cqhja4rrfmzdjcladrd3p7 0 191445 1613900 1367004 2026-11-05T18:09:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613900 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili: 20241006-Olivia Smith (cropped).jpg|thumb|Smith mwaka 2024]] '''Olivia Smith''' (amezaliwa [[Agosti 5]], [[2004]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kitaalamu wa [[Kanada]] ambaye anacheza kama kiungo wa kati katika klabu ya [[wanawake]] Liverpool FC. Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya kitaifa ya soka ya wanawake ya Kanada.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ntsoccer.com/NitrosNews/Classof2022CollegeSignings/PlayerSignings/OliviaSmith|title=Olivia Smith|work=[[North Toronto Nitros]]|access-date=2022-03-08|archive-date=2022-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308133357/https://www.ntsoccer.com/NitrosNews/Classof2022CollegeSignings/PlayerSignings/OliviaSmith|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|2004|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Kanada]] kyo9gba4qw40epkyiwrnutsyvwvy8hk 0 191776 1613826 1519463 2026-11-05T16:07:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613826 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marianne Bachmeier''' (3 Juni 1950 – 17 Septemba 1996) alikuwa mwanamke kutoka [[Ujerumani ya Magharibi|Ujerumani Magharibi]] aliyempiga risasi na kumuua Klaus Grabowski, mwanamume aliyeshtakiwa kwa kubaka na kuua binti yake Anna (14 Novemba 1972 – 5 Mei 1980). [[Faili:Marianne Bachmeier.jpg|thumb|Taswira ya {{PAGENAME}}]] Tukio hilo lilihesabiwa kama kitendo cha kujichukulia sheria mkononi mbele ya Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Lübeck mwaka 1981. Kesi hiyo ilizua mjadala mzito katika umma. Vyombo vya habari vilijikita katika kuripoti kila hatua. Hata hivyo, matokeo ya hukumu yalisomeka ya kwamba kilikuwa kitendo cha kuua bila kukusudia na kumiliki silaha kinyume cha sheria. Alifungwa miaka sita na kuachiliwa kwa masharti baada ya kutumikia miaka mitatu. Bachmeier alihamia nje ya nchi lakini alirudi [[Ujerumani]] baada ya kugunduliwa kuwa na [[saratani ya kongosho]]. Alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 46 na alizikwa kando ya kaburi la binti yake wa miaka saba, Anna, katika Makaburi ya Burgtor, Lübeck. ==Maisha ya awali na familia== Marianne Bachmeier alizaliwa tarehe 3 Juni 1950.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Langenscheid |first1=Adrian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygR2EAAAQBAJ&dq=Marianne+Bachmeier+%221950%22&pg=PA207 |title=True Crime Deutschland 3 Wahre Verbrechen – Echte Kriminalfälle: Ein erschütterndes Portrait menschlicher Abgründe. |last2=Rickert |first2=Benjamin |last3=Löschmann |first3=Stefanie |date=2022-06-18 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-7546-5920-5 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KZOADwAAQBAJ&dq=Marianne+Bachmeier+%221950%22&pg=PT800 |title=Nordiske Kriminalsaker 1985 |date=2017-01-02 |publisher=Lindhardt og Ringhof |isbn=978-87-26-09361-2 |language=no}}</ref> Alikulia mjini [[Sarstedt]], mji mdogo karibu na [[Hildesheim]], [[Lower Saxony]], [[Ujerumani ya Magharibi]], ambako wazazi wake walikimbilia kutoka [[Prussia Mashariki|Prussia ya Mashariki]] baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]]. Bachmeier alikulia katika nyumba ya kihafidhina na wazazi wenye msimamo mkali wa kidini.<ref name=":5" /> Baba yake, ambaye awali alikuwa mwanachama wa [[Waffen-SS]],<ref name=":5" /> alikuwa mbaguzi, mlevi ambaye alitumia muda mwingi kwenye baa karibu na nyumba ya familia.<ref name=":4">{{Rejea habari |date=1984 |title=Countdown mit Annas Mutter |language=de |trans-title=Countdown with Anna's mother |work=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/countdown-mit-annas-mutter-a-a39b6348-0002-0001-0000-000013508111 |access-date=2023-01-28 |issn=2195-1349 |archive-date=28 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128200013/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/countdown-mit-annas-mutter-a-a39b6348-0002-0001-0000-000013508111 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mazingira ya nyumbani yalikuwa mabaya, na ulevi ulimfanya baba yake kuwa na hasira zaidi.<ref name=":4" /> Wazazi wake walitalikiana, na mama yake aliolewa tena baadaye.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Bachmeier alikulia katika malezi ya shida. Alikuwa na baba wa kufikia katili na mwishowe ndoa mpya ya mamake ikaelekea jongomeo. Walitimuliwa katika nyumba waliyokuwa wakiishi.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":4" /> Mnamo mwaka 1966, akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, Bachmeier alipata mtoto wake wa kwanza wa kuasili tangu akiwa mchanga.<ref name=":5" /> Alipata ujauzito tena akiwa na umri wa miaka 18 na mpenzi wake.<ref name=":5">{{Rejea jarida |last1=Haas |first1=Nicole E. |last2=de Keijser |first2=Jan W. |last3=Bruinsma |first3=Gerben J. N. |date=2012-12-01 |title=Public support for vigilantism: an experimental study |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-012-9144-1 |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Criminology]] |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=387–413 |doi=10.1007/s11292-012-9144-1 |issn=1572-8315 |s2cid=255134224 |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325223455/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-012-9144-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bachmeier alibakwa muda mfupi kabla ya kuzaliwa kwa mtoto wake wa pili.<ref name=":3" /> Mtoto wake wa pili pia alitolewa kwa kuasili alipokuwa mchanga.<ref name=":3" /> Bachmeier alichumbiwa na meneja wa ''Tipasa'', baa ambayo walikuwa wakifanya kazi wote mnamo mwaka 1972.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":11">{{Citation |title=Annas Mutter |url=https://mubi.com/films/annas-mutter |year=1984 |editor-last=Driest |editor-first=Burkhard |trans-title=Anna's Mother |publisher=MUBI |language=de |access-date=2023-02-02 |archive-date=6 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006005422/https://mubi.com/films/annas-mutter |url-status=live }}</ref> Alipata ujauzito kwa mara ya tatu akiwa na umri wa miaka 22.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":11" /> Tarehe 14 Novemba 1972, mtoto wa tatu wa Bachmeier, Anna, alizaliwa, na alimlea akiwa mwenyewe.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Karomo |first=Chege |date=2023-01-19 |title=Did Marianne Bachmeier go to jail? Her crime detailed |url=https://www.okaybliss.com/marianne-bachmeier-life/ |access-date=2023-01-28 |website=OkayBliss |language=en-US |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121163208/https://www.okaybliss.com/marianne-bachmeier-life/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":11" /> Kwa hivyo, Bachmeier alikuwa akienda na Anna kazini. Pia ilisemekana kuwa hakukuwa na haja ya kurudi nyumbani haraka baada ya muda wake wa kazi kuisha.<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-01-20 |title=Der Fall Marianne Bachmeier: Selbstjustiz einer Mutter |trans-title=The case of Marianne Bachmeier: Vigilante justice of a mother |url=https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Der-Fall-Marianne-Bachmeier-Selbstjustiz-einer-Mutter,mariannebachmeier101.html |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]] |language=de |archive-date=1 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201110559/https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Der-Fall-Marianne-Bachmeier-Selbstjustiz-einer-Mutter,mariannebachmeier101.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == Mauaji ya binti yake == Mnamo Mei 5, 1980, wakati Anna alipokuwa na umri wa miaka saba, aligombana na mama yake na kuamua kutoroka shule.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12">{{Rejea habari|date=2008-03-02|title=Kalenderblatt: 2.3.1983 Justiz und Selbstjustiz|language=de|trans-title=Karatasi ya kalenda: 2.3.1983 haki na kujichukulia sheria|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|url=https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/kalenderblatt-2-3-1983-a-946693.html|access-date=2023-01-28|issn=2195-1349|archive-date=28 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128195553/https://www.spiegel.de/geschichte/kalenderblatt-2-3-1983-a-946693.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Siku hiyo, alitekwa nyara na Klaus Grabowski, mchinjaji mwenye umri wa miaka 35, ambaye nyumba yake alikuwa ameitembelea hapo awali kucheza na paka wake.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":12" /> Alimshikilia Anna kwa saa kadhaa nyumbani kwake, akamnyanyasa kingono na hatimaye kumkaba kwa kutumia soksi za mchumba wake.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Bilderbeck|first=Poppy|date=2022-12-31|title=Mother who got her revenge by firing seven shots in front of packed courtroom|url=https://www.unilad.com/news/marianne-bachmeier-courtroom-shooting-891905-20221231|access-date=2023-01-24|website=[[UNILAD]]|language=en|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121163211/https://www.unilad.com/news/marianne-bachmeier-courtroom-shooting-891905-20221231|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea habari|date=1982-01-03|title="Ich schäme mich, ich schäme mich so": Gerhard Mauz zum Fortgang des Strafverfahrens gegen Marianne Bachmeier in Lübeck|language=de|trans-title="Ninaona aibu sana": Gerhard Mauz kuhusu mchakato wa kesi ya jinai dhidi ya Marianne Bachmeier huko Lübeck|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|url=https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/ich-schaeme-mich-ich-schaeme-mich-so-a-0a0d4aad-0002-0001-0000-000014333678|access-date=2023-01-28|issn=2195-1349|archive-date=28 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128195554/https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/ich-schaeme-mich-ich-schaeme-mich-so-a-0a0d4aad-0002-0001-0000-000014333678|url-status=live}}</ref> Kulingana na mwendesha mashtaka, Grabowski alimfunga Anna na kuweka mwili wake ndani ya sanduku, kisha akaliacha kando ya mfereji. Mchumba wa Grabowski alimripoti kwa polisi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Grabowski alikuwa [[Sex offender|mhalifu wa ngono]] aliyewahi kuhukumiwa kwa unyanyasaji wa wasichana wawili.<ref name=":6">{{citation|title="Ohne kollegiale Rücksichtnahme": Spiegel-Reporter Gerhard Mauz im Prozeß gegen Marianne Bachmeier in Lübeck|date=1982-11-07|url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ohne-kollegiale-ruecksichtnahme-a-08b42e36-0002-0001-0000-000014354287|trans-title="Bila kujali wenzake": Ripota wa SPIEGEL Gerhard Mauz katika kesi ya Marianne Bachmeier huko Lübeck|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213125033/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ohne-kollegiale-ruecksichtnahme-a-08b42e36-0002-0001-0000-000014354287|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|issn=2195-1349|access-date=2021-12-02|archive-date=13 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo 1976, alikubali kuhasiwa kwa kutumia kemikali, ingawa baadaye alifanyiwa matibabu ya homoni kurejesha uwezo wake wa kihisia.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2023-04-29|title=Marianne Bachmeier; "Revenge Mother" Who Shot her Daughter's killer|url=https://www.buggedspace.com/marianne-bachmeier/|access-date=2023-05-08|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-03-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326144156/https://www.buggedspace.com/marianne-bachmeier/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya kukamatwa, Grabowski alidai kwamba Anna alikuwa amejaribu kumshawishi kwa kumtishia kwamba angemwambia mama yake kuhusu unyanyasaji huo.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Ishak|first=Natasha|date=2021-02-02|title=Meet The German 'Revenge Mother' Who Shot Her Daughter's Killer in the Middle of His Trial|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/marianne-bachmeier|access-date=2023-01-21|website=All That's Interesting|language=en-US|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121162309/https://allthatsinteresting.com/marianne-bachmeier|url-status=live}}</ref> Alisema kwamba alimuua kwa sababu aliogopa kurudi gerezani.<ref name=":1" /> == Kujichukulia sheria mkononi mahakamani == Mnamo saa 4 asubuhi tarehe 6 Machi 1981, siku ya tatu ya kesi hiyo,<ref name=":72" /> Bachmeier alifanikiwa kuingia na bastola ya aina ya [[Beretta 70]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Museen Nord: Pistole|trans-title=Museen Nord: Bastola|url=http://museen-sh.de/Objekt/DE-MUS-482219/lido/2011VK227|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117065051/http://museen-sh.de/Objekt/DE-MUS-482219/lido/2011VK227|archive-date=17 Novemba 2022|access-date=2022-11-17|website=UNSEEN NORD|language=de}}</ref> katika chumba cha mahakama ya Wilaya ya Lübeck, chumba namba 157, na kumpiga risasi Grabowski hadi kufa.<ref name=":16">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Hilger|first=Maternus|date=2021-06-03|title=Berühmter Kriminalfall: Marianne Bachmeier tötet Mann im Gericht|trans-title=Kesi maarufu ya uhalifu: Marianne Bachmeier amuua mwanaume mahakamani|url=https://www.express.de/panorama/beruehmter-kriminalfall-marianne-bachmeier-toetet-mann-im-gericht-37558|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220203234453/https://www.express.de/panorama/beruehmter-kriminalfall-marianne-bachmeier-toetet-mann-im-gericht-37558|archive-date=3 Februari 2022|access-date=2022-02-03|website=[[Express (gazeti la Cologne)|Express]]|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|date=2015-07-22|title=Die spektakulärsten Kriminalfälle: Dem Verbrechen auf der Spur, Teil 2|language=de|trans-title=Kesi za uhalifu za kushangaza: Kwenye njia ya uhalifu, sehemu ya 2|work=[[Der Spiegel]]|url=https://www.spiegel.de/sptv/dokumentation/spiegel-tv-dokumentation-die-spektakulaersten-kriminalfaelle-a-1044785.html|url-status=live|access-date=2023-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205125920/https://www.spiegel.de/sptv/dokumentation/spiegel-tv-dokumentation-die-spektakulaersten-kriminalfaelle-a-1044785.html|archive-date=5 Februari 2023|issn=2195-1349}}</ref> Alielekeza bastola kwenye mgongo wake na kufyatua risasi saba; sita zilimpiga Grabowski, alikufa papo hapo.<ref name=":17">{{cite news|last=Evans|first=Stephen|date=5 Februari 2014|title=The Nazi murder law that still exists|publisher=[[BBC News]]|location=Berlin|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26047614|url-status=live|access-date=20 Juni 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429040358/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-26047614|archive-date=29 Aprili 2018}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> Baada ya tukio hilo, Bachmeier alishusha bastola yake na alikamatwa bila upinzani.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":17" /> **Katika filamu mbili za hali halisi za mwaka 1984, ''[[:de:Der Fall Bachmeier – Keine Zeit für Tränen|No Time for Tears: The Bachmeier Case]]'' na ''[[:de:Annas Mutter|Anna's Mother]]'', Bachmeier alionyeshwa kama mama asiye na mume aliyefanya kazi hadi usiku wa manane na kisha kulala mchana, akiwaacha binti yake wa miaka saba peke yake wakati wa mchana.<ref name=":8">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Bohm |first=Hark |year=1984 |title=Der Fall Bachmeier – Keine Zeit für Tränen {{!}} filmportal.de|trans-title=The Bachmeier case – no time for tears |url=https://www.filmportal.de/film/der-fall-bachmeier-keine-zeit-fuer-traenen_fd745d13d87d4404b9e09c8f658f2d5e |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=Filmportal |archive-date=2 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202140443/https://www.filmportal.de/film/der-fall-bachmeier-keine-zeit-fuer-traenen_fd745d13d87d4404b9e09c8f658f2d5e |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":11" /> Bachmeier alikuwa akifahamu mtindo wake wa maisha wenye matatizo na alitaka kumtoa Anna kwa kuasili.<ref name=":8" /> Marafiki walidai kuwa alimchukulia Anna kama mtu mzima mdogo, na tangu umri mdogo. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1950|1996}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ujerumani]] 1sirpsb9qd2s2gmfghv6e5wn7vwlvcr 0 192039 1613883 1374399 2026-11-05T17:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613883 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nello Velucchi''' (alizaliwa [[9 Februari]] [[1936]]) ni mwendeshabaiskeli wa mashindano ya [[Baisikeli|baiskeli]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Aliendesha katika Tour de France ya mwaka [[1962]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1936}} [[Jamii:Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] ffdcrhl15umlcbk8p7cy7ciqih7sgon 0 192225 1613989 1526198 2026-11-05T20:08:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Stephanie Labbé Rio 2016 (28807778010) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Labbé akiwa na timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Kanada mwaka 2016.]] '''Stephanie Lynn Marie Labbé''' (alizaliwa [[10 Oktoba]] [[1986]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye alicheza kama [[mlinda mlango]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Football LABBE Stephanie – Tokyo 2020 Olympics|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/football/../../../en/results/football/athlete-profile-n1469416-labbe-stephanie.htm|access-date=October 1, 2021|website=olympics.com|language=en-us|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001112838/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/football/athlete-profile-n1469416-labbe-stephanie.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="University of Connecticut">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.uconnhuskies.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/labbe_stephanie00.html|title=UCONNHUSKIES.COM :: University of Connecticut Huskies Official Athletic Site :: Women's Soccer|access-date=August 9, 2021|archive-date=September 7, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907165802/http://www.uconnhuskies.com/sports/w-soccer/mtt/labbe_stephanie00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Kanada]] dygjadagxkiw6sy9spe3hhgshiyziv5 0 192499 1613974 1369525 2026-11-05T19:52:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613974 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Shannon Woeller.jpg|thumb|Woeller baada ya mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Norway huko Marbella, Hispania mwaka 2017.]] '''Shannon Elizabeth Woeller''' (amezaliwa [[31 Januari]], [[1990]]) ni [[beki]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anachezea klabu ya Vittsjö GIK katika Damallsvenskan.<ref>{{cite web |title=W-League: Seattle Sounders Women sign Canadian National Team defender Shannon Woeller |url=http://www.soccerwire.com/notes/w-league-seattle-sounders-women-sign-canadian-national-team-defender-shannon-woeller/ |website=Soccer Wire |access-date=June 16, 2017 |archive-date=December 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210135044/http://www.soccerwire.com/notes/w-league-seattle-sounders-women-sign-canadian-national-team-defender-shannon-woeller/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Shannon Woeller Signs Pro in Norway |url=http://www.sounderswomen.com/Team/NewsItem/157 |website=Sounders Women |access-date=June 16, 2017 |archive-date=August 22, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822015552/http://sounderswomen.com/Team/NewsItem/157 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eskilstunaunited.se/nyheter/den-12-e-spelaren-%C3%A4r-shannon-woeller |title=Den 12:e spelaren är Shannon Woeller |access-date=July 16, 2018 |date=July 16, 2018 |archive-date=July 16, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716223806/http://www.eskilstunaunited.se/nyheter/den-12-e-spelaren-%C3%A4r-shannon-woeller |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wanawake wa Kanada]] dflb0j7dnut0x52h43neaqxfwva3kks 0 192765 1613795 1376192 2026-11-05T15:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luigi Mele''' ([[11 Septemba]] [[1937]] – [[14 Aprili]] [[2023]]) alikuwa mwanabaiskeli wa mashindano kutoka Italia. Alishiriki katika mbio za [[Tour de France]] mwaka [[1962]] pamoja na matoleo matatu ya Giro d'Italia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=27939 |title=Luigi Mele |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415062356/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/coureurfiche.php?coureurid=27939 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mele alifariki dunia huko Calvi Risorta mnamo [[14 Aprili]] [[2023]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 85.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |title=Tour de France 1962 |work=Cycling Archives |accessdate=3 September 2020 |archive-date=2023-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202020535/http://www.cyclingarchives.com/ritfiche.php?ritid=2926 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="mdc-srh">{{cite web|title=Saint-Raphaël–Helyett–Hutchinson (1962)|url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|access-date=11 May 2017|publisher=Mémoire du cyclisme|language=French|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511050532/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/pelotons/equipes.php?q=4910|archive-date=11 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:Waendeshabaiskeli wa Italia]] 08qq7nmri4k5pdgw4jjb3ienyv58nx8 0 195580 1613843 1520402 2026-11-05T16:29:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Drugbox|verifiedrevid=589084691|INN=none|image=Racemic methamphetamine.svg|alt=An image of the methamphetamine compound <!--Names-->|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɛ|θ|æ|m|ˈ|f|ɛ|t|əm|iː|n}}|tradename=Desoxyn, Methedrine, mengineyo|synonyms={{nowrap|''N''-[[methylamphetamine]]}}, {{nowrap|''N'',α-[[dimethylphenethylamine]]}}, desoxyephedrine|IUPAC_name=(''RS'')-''N''-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine <!--External links-->|Drugs.com={{Drugs.com|monograph|methamphetamine-hydrochloride}} <!--Clinical data-->|class=[[Amphetamine]]|pregnancy_AU=|pregnancy_US=C|routes_of_administration=Kwa mdomo|onset=Kwa haraka<ref name=Ri2010 />|duration_of_action=10–20&nbsp;hours<ref name="Ri2010">{{cite book | vauthors = Riviello RJ |title = Manual of forensic emergency medicine : a guide for clinicians |date = 2010 |publisher = Jones and Bartlett Publishers |location = Sudbury, Mass. |isbn = 978-0-7637-4462-5 |page = 41 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=keng9ELAE2IC&pg=PA41 |access-date = 4 September 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170318224346/https://books.google.com/books?id=keng9ELAE2IC&pg=PA41 |archive-date = 18 March 2017 |url-status = live }}</ref>|dependency_liability=Kimwili: Hakuna; Kisaikolojia: Juu|addiction_liability=Juu|legal_AU=S8|legal_CA=Schedule I|legal_DE=Anlage II|legal_NZ=Class A|legal_UK=Class A|legal_US=Schedule II|legal_UN=Psychotropic Schedule II|licence_US=Methamphetamine|index2_label=(dl)-Methamphetamine hydrochloride|StdInChI_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChI=1S/C10H15N/c1-9(11-2)8-10-6-4-3-5-7-10/h3-7,9,11H,8H2,1-2H3|StdInChIKey_Ref={{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|StdInChIKey=MYWUZJCMWCOHBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->|bioavailability=Kwa mdomo: 70%<ref name="Bioavailability">{{cite journal |vauthors = Rau T, Ziemniak J, Poulsen D |title = The neuroprotective potential of low-dose methamphetamine in preclinical models of stroke and traumatic brain injury |journal = Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry |volume = 64 |pages = 231–6 |year = 2015 |pmid = 25724762 |doi = 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.013 |quote = In humans, the oral bioavailability of methamphetamine is approximately 70% but increases to 100% following intravenous (IV) delivery (Ares-Santos et al., 2013). |doi-access = free }}</ref><br />IV: 100%<ref name="Bioavailability" />|protein_bound=Inatofautiana kwa kiasi kikubwa<ref name="Pubchem1">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Methamphetamine |section-url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Toxicity |work = PubChem Compound |publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information |section = Toxicity |access-date = 2021-10-25 |archive-date = 2015-01-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150104182703/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Toxicity |url-status = live |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Toxicity}}</ref>|metabolism=[[CYP2D6]]<ref name="Methamphetamine – p-hydroxymethamphetamine CYP2D6 review">{{cite journal |vauthors = Sellers EM, Tyndale RF |title = Mimicking gene defects to treat drug dependence |journal = Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume = 909 |issue = 1|pages = 233–246 |date = 2000 |pmid = 10911933 |doi = 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06685.x |quote = Methamphetamine, a central nervous system stimulant drug, is p-hydroxylated by CYP2D6 to less active p-OH-methamphetamine. |bibcode = 2000NYASA.909..233S |s2cid = 27787938 }}</ref><ref name="FDA Pharmacokinetics">{{cite web |title = Adderall XR Prescribing Information |url = http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf |pages = 12–13 |publisher = Shire US Inc |website = United States Food and Drug Administration |date = December 2013 |access-date = 30 December 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233702/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf |archive-date = 30 December 2013 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233702/http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf |date=30 December 2013 }}</ref> na [[Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3|FMO3]]<ref name="FMO">{{cite journal |vauthors = Krueger SK, Williams DE |title = Mammalian flavin-containing monooxygenases: structure/function, genetic polymorphisms and role in drug metabolism |journal = Pharmacol. Ther. |volume = 106 |issue = 3 |pages = 357–387 |date = June 2005 |pmid = 15922018 |pmc = 1828602 |doi = 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.01.001 }}<br />[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828602/table/T5/ Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO] {{Webarchive| url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916144516/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1828602/table/T5/ |date=16 September 2018 }}</ref><ref name="FMO3-Primary">{{cite journal |vauthors = Cashman JR, Xiong YN, Xu L, Janowsky A |title = N-oxygenation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by the human flavin-containing monooxygenase (form 3): role in bioactivation and detoxication |journal = J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. |volume = 288 |issue = 3 |pages = 1251–1260 |date = March 1999 |pmid = 10027866 }}</ref>|elimination_half-life=Masaa 5–30&nbsp;<ref name="Schep">{{cite journal |vauthors = Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM |title = The clinical toxicology of metamfetamine |journal = Clinical Toxicology |volume = 48 |issue = 7 |pages = 675–694 |date = August 2010 |pmid = 20849327 |doi = 10.3109/15563650.2010.516752 |s2cid = 42588722 |issn = 1556-3650 }}</ref>|excretion=Kimsingi [[figo]] <!--Chemical data-->|C=10|H=15|N=1|chirality=[[Racemic mixture]]|SMILES=CNC(C)Cc1ccccc1|boiling_point=212|boiling_notes=inapofikia 760&nbsp;[[mmHg]]<ref name="Pubchem2">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Methamphetamine |section-url = https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties |work = PubChem Compound |publisher = National Center for Biotechnology Information |section = Chemical and Physical Properties |access-date = 2021-10-25 |archive-date = 2015-01-04 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150104182703/https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties |url-status = live |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1206#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties}}</ref>|melting_point=170|melting_notes=<ref name="Pubchem2"/>}} '''Methamphetamine''' {{#tag:ref|Synonyms and brands include: ''N''-methylamphetamine, desoxyephedrine, Syndrox, Methedrine, and Desoxyn.<ref name=EMC2021/><ref name="DB ID">{{cite encyclopedia |title = Methamphetamine |section-url = http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01577#identification |work = DrugBank |publisher = University of Alberta |date = 8 February 2013 |section = Identification |access-date = 25 October 2021 |archive-date = 28 December 2015 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151228164940/http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01577#identification |url-status = live |url=http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01577#identification}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://addictionlibrary.org/prescription/methedrine.html |title = Methedrine (methamphetamine hydrochloride): Uses, Symptoms, Signs and Addiction Treatment |newspaper = Addictionlibrary.org |access-date = 16 January 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045442/http://addictionlibrary.org/prescription/methedrine.html |archive-date = 4 March 2016 |url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045442/http://addictionlibrary.org/prescription/methedrine.html |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> Slang terms include: speed, crank, meth, crystal meth, pervitin, yaba, and shabu|group="note"}} ni kichocheo cha mfumo mkuu wa neva (CNS) ambacho hutumika hasa kama [[Madawa ya kulevya|dawa ya kulevya]] na mara chache sana katika kutibu [[Tatizo la Kutotulia|ugonjwa wa upungufu wa tahadhari]], [[Nakolepsia]] (ugonjwa wa usingizi wa ghafla) na [[Unene wa kupindukia|unene uliokithiri]].<ref name="Yu2015">{{Rejea jarida|vauthors=Yu S, Zhu L, Shen Q, Bai X, Di X|title=Recent advances in methamphetamine neurotoxicity mechanisms and its molecular pathophysiology|journal=Behav. Neurol.|volume=2015|pages=103969|date=March 2015|pmid=25861156|pmc=4377385|doi=10.1155/2015/103969|quote=In 1971, METH was restricted by US law, although oral METH (Ovation Pharmaceuticals) continues to be used today in the USA as a second-line treatment for a number of medical conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and refractory obesity.|doi-access=free}}</ref> Matumizi yake kwa unene uliokithiri hayapendekezwi tena. Inapochukuliwa kwa mdomo, athari zake huanza ndani ya dakika 30 na zinaweza kudumu hadi masaa 24.<ref name="AHFS2021" /><ref name="EMC2021" /> Madhara yake ya kawaida ni pamoja na [[shinikizo la juu la damu]], mapigo ya moyo yasiyo ya kawaida, kuinua hali ya mhemko, matatizo ya kulala, kutetemeka, kuhara na matatizo ya ngono. Madhara yake mengine yanaweza kujumuisha hisia zisizo za kweli (psychosis), hali ya msisimko wa kupindukia (mania), kifafa, joto la juu la mwili, na mishtuko ya misuli isiyo ya hiari (tics).<ref name="AHFS2021" /> Kuna hatari kubwa ya unyanyasaji; ingawa vifo vinavyohisiana moja kwa moja na matumizi yake ni nadra.<ref name="AHFS2021" /> Matumizi yake wakati wa ujauzito yanaweza kumdhuru mtoto na kunyonyesha baada ya kuitumia hakupendekezwi.<ref name="AHFS2021" /> Dawa hii ni katika familia ya [[Amfetamini|ya madawa ya amfetamini]].<ref name="AHFS2021" /> Methamphetamine iligunduliwa mwaka wa 1893 na ilitengenezwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 1919. Mara nyingi hutengenezwa katika vituo visivyo halali nchini Marekani na Mashariki ya Mbali.<ref name="EMC2021" /> Kwa burudani, inaweza kumezwa, kukoromwa, kudungwa au kuvutwa kama sigara.<ref name="EMC2021" /> Imeainishwa kama dutu inayodhibitiwa na Ratiba II.<ref name="EMC2021" /> Uzalishaji, usambazaji na umiliki wa methamphetamine umezuiwa au umepigwa marufuku katika nchi nyingi. Katika Ulaya. iligharimu takriban Euro 17 hadi 64 kwa gramu kwa usambazaji haramu kufikia mwaka wa 2018. Takriban watu milioni 27 walitumia amfetamini, nyingi zaidi ya methamphetamine, mwaka wa 2019. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:madawa ya Kulevya]] [[Category:Madawa]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] haeicu3zqq867qrzz4873dh3b9ikg45 0 196155 1613970 1525471 2026-11-05T19:47:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613970 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Vancouver-fc-shaan-hundal.jpg|thumb|Hundal akichezea Vancouver FC mwaka 2023.]] '''Shaan Singh Hundal''' (alizaliwa Julai 14, [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa kutoka [[Kanada]] anayecheza kama mshambuliaji wa timu ya Valour FC katika Ligi Kuu ya Kanada.<ref name="Nava">{{cite web|url=https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/vancouver-fc-x-punjabi-market-collective|title=Shaan Hundal visits Vancouver's Punjabi Market Collective|date=July 27, 2023|work=[[Vancouver FC]]|first=David|last=Nava|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728013825/https://vancouverfc.canpl.ca/article/vancouver-fc-x-punjabi-market-collective|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://iftwc.com/shaan-hundal-interview/|title=Shaan Hundal- My role will be to score and help the team win games|date=April 19, 2021|work=IFTWC|access-date=February 5, 2023|archive-date=February 5, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205180812/https://iftwc.com/shaan-hundal-interview/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] byegrtdmweo4dckl42vcxt8y0vvb2zd 0 196546 1613758 1611161 2026-11-05T14:01:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1613758 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Levonte Leroy Brown Johnson''' (alizaliwa Machi 15, [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa soka wa kulipwa wa [[Kanada]] anayecheza katika timu ya Colorado Springs Switchbacks FC kwenye Ligi ya USL.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/life/the-world-is-at-their-feet/article_35dda8ad-ad35-58bb-972f-c5348197fac5.html|title=The world is at their feet|date=August 7, 2011|work=[[Brampton Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121024807/https://www.bramptonguardian.com/life/the-world-is-at-their-feet/article_35dda8ad-ad35-58bb-972f-c5348197fac5.html|archivedate=2025-01-21|accessdate=2025-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bramptonguardian.com/life/soccer-club-takes-tourney-crown/article_de1344ed-501e-5486-a75b-48d6c3ff018d.html|title=Soccer club takes tourney crown|date=January 13, 2011|work=[[Brampton Guardian]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121025119/https://www.bramptonguardian.com/life/soccer-club-takes-tourney-crown/article_de1344ed-501e-5486-a75b-48d6c3ff018d.html|archivedate=2025-01-21|accessdate=2025-01-09|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] tmijch6iys7nyh9o70nd3ka14bncve0 0 196888 1613906 1384650 2026-11-05T18:28:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613906 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jahron Anthony Brathwaite''' (alizaliwa [[3 Julai]], [[1993]]),<ref name="Schwartz, Danny">{{cite web|last1=Delerme|first1=Felipe|title=Is This Proof That PartyNextDoor Has Been Lying About His Age for Years?|website=HNHH|date=July 26, 2016|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/is-partynextdoor-actually-31-years-old-news.23092.html|access-date=July 19, 2020|archive-date=February 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224233239/http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/is-partynextdoor-actually-31-years-old-news.23092.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''PartyNextDoor''', ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]], na mtayarishaji wa rekodi kutoka [[Kanada]] aliyepewa tuzo ya Grammy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/11/02/rick-rubin-max-martin-partynextdoor-and-more-win-big-at-spotifys-secret-genius-awards|title=Rick Rubin, Max Martin, PartyNextDoor and more win big at Spotify's Secret Genius Awards|work=[[The Fader]]|date=November 2, 2017|access-date=November 4, 2017|archive-date=January 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121052810/https://www.thefader.com/2017/11/02/rick-rubin-max-martin-partynextdoor-and-more-win-big-at-spotifys-secret-genius-awards|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1993|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] 1r4rr92zs3vy6ku58kyi98ara6rf5de 0 196988 1614016 1527312 2026-11-05T20:37:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614016 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tomás Séamus Ó Fiaich''' ([[3 Novemba]] [[1923]] – [[8 Mei]] [[1990]]) alikuwa [[kardinali]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Ireland]]. Alihudumu kama [[Askofu mkuu|Askofu Mkuu]] wa Armagh na Primate wa Ireland kuanzia 2 Oktoba 1977 hadi kifo chake mwaka 1990. Aliteuliwa kuwa kardinali mwaka 1979. Ó Fiaich alizaliwa mwaka 1923 katika Cullyhanna na alikulia Camlough, County Armagh.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miranda|first=Salvador|title=Tomás Ó Fiaich|url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-o.htm#O%20Fiaich|work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church|access-date=2009-06-23|archive-date=17 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140717162833/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-o.htm#O%20Fiaich|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.cregganhistory.co.uk/ofiaichcentre/thecardinal.htm|title=Early years of Cardinal O'Fiaich|access-date=24 December 2006|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234658/http://www.cregganhistory.co.uk/ofiaichcentre/thecardinal.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki]] [[Jamii:Makardinali]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ireland]] 1x36puxr9ot50gd3dayf4xt5o261qxo 0 197443 1614017 1527332 2026-11-05T20:38:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614017 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Santos Menezes''' (alizaliwa Novemba 24, [[1974]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa soka wa kitaalamu wa [[Kanada]], ambaye alicheza zaidi kama beki na aliwakilisha Timu ya taifa ya soka ya wanaume ya Kanada mara 27 kati ya mwaka 1998 na 2003.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ogol.com.br/player.php?id=99727|title=Tony Menezes: Canada soccer player detailed stats and transfers|website=ogol.com|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=28 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328182620/https://www.ogol.com.br/player.php?id=99727|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090426023050/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501030310-428130,00.html All Washed Up?] ''Time.com''. Retrieved 21 March 2021</ref><ref>[http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/129236.html Lynx add former Canadian international Menezes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920101642/http://uslpro.uslsoccer.com/home/129236.html |date=2008-09-20 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://torontolynx.com/releases/2006/april18.htm |title=TONY MENEZES SIGNS WITH LYNX |access-date=2009-03-14 |archive-date=2016-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026162849/http://torontolynx.com/releases/2006/april18.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] 05j6ldjlbg2lb5zmbpey3l21sh3cu63 0 198226 1613962 1525247 2026-11-05T19:41:10Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613962 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Hope Slean''' (amezaliwa [[21 Juni]], [[1977]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]], mtunzi wa [[muziki]], na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Kanada]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pledgemusic.com/projects/sarahslean |title=New Album "Metaphysics" |work=PledgeMusic |access-date=10 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127093518/http://www.pledgemusic.com/projects/sarahslean |archive-date=27 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://canada.mymusic.com/product.asp?curr=1&myptr=canada&muzenbr=100276016 |title=CD Details |work=canada.mymusic.com |access-date=23 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Murder In Small Town X (TV Mini Series 2001) - Cast Credits |url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0288379/fullcredits/cast?ref_=m_ttfc_3 |access-date=2023-03-28 |website=IMDB}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] g8ydir2kl7c4bch5n8zwemd45hbub5m 0 199037 1613880 1390846 2026-11-05T17:48:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613880 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Navid Rahman''' (alizaliwa Mei 26, [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu aneyechezea klabu ya Woodbridge Strikers iliyoko katika Ligi ya kwanza ya [[Ontario]]. Alizaliwa [[Ujerumani]] na anaiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[Pakistani]] katika mpira wa miguu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Navid Rahman 2016 |url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/12376428 |publisher=League1 Ontario |accessdate=13 January 2019 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120135730/https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/12376428 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Navid Rahman 2017 |url=https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/17928283 |publisher=[[League1 Ontario]] |accessdate=13 January 2019 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114100535/https://www.league1ontario.com/roster_players/17928283 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] ih04r1gb0e4hwg8nzb0yzc0ov6g9ls2 0 200329 1613848 1395729 2026-11-05T16:40:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mickie Laree James''' (alizaliwa [[31 Agosti]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] na mchezaji wa kitaalamu wa [[Marekani]].<ref name="billboard-rovi">{{cite web|last=Leggett|first=Steve|title=Mickie James|url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/1567248/mickie-james/biography|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107012053/http://www.billboard.com/artist/1567248/mickie-james/biography|archive-date=January 7, 2017|access-date=January 6, 2016|publisher=[[Rovi]]|via=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}} Additional January 6, 2017.</ref><ref name="listthis2">{{cite web|title=Mickie see, Mickie do|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/listthis/ruggedroadstomania/roadstomania9|access-date=October 31, 2007|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Greta|last=Van Susteren|author-link=Greta Van Susteren|title=WWE's Mickie James and Josh Mathews at the RNC 'On the Record'|url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/wwes-mickie-james-and-josh-mathews-at-the-rnc-on-the-record|publisher=FOXNews.com|date=September 3, 2008|access-date=September 7, 2008}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] onf0s8fykt464p6ysmss5ao9awd5afz 0 202008 1613980 1525789 2026-11-05T19:57:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613980 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sierra Elizabeth Ferrell''' (aliyezaliwa [[3 Agosti]], [[1988]]) ni [[mwimbaji]], mwandishi wa [[nyimbo]] na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[West Virginia]], [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Home|url=https://www.sierraferrellmusic.com/home|access-date=2021-09-05|website=Sierra Ferrell|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-09-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905104852/https://www.sierraferrellmusic.com/home|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=<!-- RealWV staff -->|title=Charleston native Sierra Ferrell wins four Grammys|url=https://therealwv.com/2025/02/03/charleston-native-sierra-ferrell-wins-four-grammys/|access-date=2025-02-07|website=RealWV|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] ev0b7v9pbd306808bx7mj5lh8l5zo7e 0 202606 1614026 1409441 2026-11-05T20:54:40Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614026 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uuaji wa Ralph Yarl''' ulitokea tarehe [[13 Aprili]] [[2023]], katika Jiji la [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]]. Mvulana wa miaka 16 alishambuliwa kwa risasi mara mbili baada ya kuingia kwenye nyumba isiyokuwa yake. Yarl alikuwa akijaribu kuchukua ndugu zake mapacha lakini alikosea na kuishia kwenye anwani mbaya. ''Andrew Daniel Lester'', mwanaume mweupe mwenye umri wa miaka 84, alikabiliwa na mashtaka tarehe 17 Aprili 2023 ya kutenda uhalifu kwa kutumia silaha na shambulio la daraja la kwanza, ambalo linalingana na jaribio la mauaji katika sheria za Missouri. Wakili wa wilaya ya Clay alisema kuwa kulikuwa na "sehemu ya kibaguzi" kwenye tukio hilo. Ikiwa atapatikana na hatia, Lester angeweza kuhukumiwa kifungo cha miaka 10 hadi maisha jela. <ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Czachor|first=Emily Mae|title=Shooting of Ralph Yarl, teen who mistakenly rang the wrong doorbell, sparks outrage|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ralph-yarl-shooting-teen-wrong-house-outrage-missouri-kansas-city/|url-status=live|publisher=CBS News|date=April 17, 2023|access-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417193050/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ralph-yarl-shooting-teen-wrong-house-outrage-missouri-kansas-city/|archive-date=April 17, 2023|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Burnside">{{cite web|last1=Burnside|first1=Tina|last2=Mossburg|first2=Cheri|last3=Jackson|first3=Amanda|date=April 17, 2023|title=White homeowner accused of shooting Black teen who went to the wrong house in Kansas City will face 2 felony charges, officials announce|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/17/us/kansas-city-teen-shot-wrong-house/index.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417054840/https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/17/us/kansas-city-teen-shot-wrong-house/index.html|archive-date=April 17, 2023|access-date=April 17, 2023|publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Missouri Assault Laws and Penalties|url=https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-offense/missouri-aggravated-assault-laws|access-date=April 18, 2023|website=www.criminaldefenselawyer.com|quote=If a first-degree assault results in serious physical injury to the victim, the crime is a class A felony, which is punishable by 10 to 30 years (or even life) in prison.|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417231905/https://www.criminaldefenselawyer.com/resources/criminal-defense/criminal-offense/missouri-aggravated-assault-laws|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{cite web|last=Osterheldt|first=Jeneé|title=There is no pro-life in a country that shoots its kids|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/04/20/metro/reconciling-pro-life-and-pro-gun-america/|website=BostonGlobe.com|date=April 20, 2023|access-date=April 28, 2023|language=en-US|archive-date=April 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428175225/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/04/20/metro/reconciling-pro-life-and-pro-gun-america/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Fung|first1=Katherine|title=Who is Andrew Lester?|url=https://www.newsweek.com/who-andrew-lester-suspect-identified-ralph-yarl-shooting-1794895|access-date=April 17, 2023|website=Newsweek|date=April 17, 2023|archive-date=April 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418055025/https://www.newsweek.com/who-andrew-lester-suspect-identified-ralph-yarl-shooting-1794895|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Unexpected old man charged against a youngster: 84-year-old charged with shooting a 16-year-old|url=https://fox4kc.com/news/ralph-yarl-shooting-charges/|access-date=April 17, 2023|website=Fox4KC (WDAF-TV)|date=April 17, 2023|archive-date=April 17, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417232537/https://fox4kc.com/news/ralph-yarl-shooting-charges/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kansas City homeowner accused of shooting Black teen charged with two felonies|url=https://www.myhighplains.com/hill-politics/kansas-city-homeowner-accused-of-shooting-black-teen-charged-with-two-felonies/|access-date=April 17, 2023|website=Myhighplains|archive-date=April 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418055037/https://www.myhighplains.com/hill-politics/kansas-city-homeowner-accused-of-shooting-black-teen-charged-with-two-felonies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Marekani]] [[Jamii:2023]] [[Jamii:Missouri]] o61bskbvezfdjxf88r5muxotik8hu9c 0 202796 1613963 1525265 2026-11-05T19:41:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613963 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sasha Pieterse Sheaffer''' (alizaliwa [[17 Februari]], [[1996]]) Ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa Afrika Kusini na [[Marekani]]. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.myfanbase.de/serien/interviews/?pid=9671|title=Interview with Sasha Pieterse|website=myFanbase|language=de|access-date=October 6, 2019|archive-date=October 19, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019063954/https://www.myfanbase.de/serien/interviews/?pid=9671|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/opinion/bright-young-things-top-ten-south-african-actors-about-to-make-it-big/|title=Top Ten South African actors about to make it big|journal=The South African|first=Brett|last=Petzer|date=11 November 2013|accessdate=14 January 2023|archive-date=January 14, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114072025/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/opinion/bright-young-things-top-ten-south-african-actors-about-to-make-it-big/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] relmatqs2u3kkxpuhp2sj1ey2te72az 0 203761 1613888 1406464 2026-11-05T17:56:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613888 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Niki Barr.jpg|thumb|Barr mwaka 2003]] '''Niki Barr''' ni [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Marekani]] kutoka Denton, [[Maryland]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Now Is The Time for The Last Year|url=http://mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=165274|accessdate=June 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222205758/http://mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=165274|archive-date=February 22, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>"[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXOxMa3zxos Sugar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926162512/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXOxMa3zxos |date=2018-09-26 }}"</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guitar World|url=http://www.guitarworld.com/acoustic-nation-video-premiere-last-years-acoustic-sugar|accessdate=March 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325082949/http://www.guitarworld.com/acoustic-nation-video-premiere-last-years-acoustic-sugar|archive-date=March 25, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] o5g88s7tyqs8s7x8othwgiw315kqrtp 0 204396 1614063 1530130 2026-11-05T21:30:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614063 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zora Neale Hurston''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[7 Januari]] [[1891]] – [[28 Januari]] [[1960]]) alikuwa mwandishi wa Kimarekani, mwanthropolojia, mtaalamu wa [[ngano]], na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za hali halisi. Aliwasilisha mapambano ya rangi katika Kusini mwa [[Marekani]] mwanzoni mwa karne ya [[20]] na alichapisha utafiti kuhusu Hoodoo na Vodou ya Karibiani. Maarufu zaidi kati ya riwaya zake nne ni Their Eyes Were Watching God, iliyochapishwa mwaka 1937. Pia aliandika hadithi fupi zaidi ya 50, tamthilia, tawasifu, ethnografia, na [[insha]] nyingi.<ref name="autogenerated17">{{cite book |last=Boyd |first=Valerie |title=Wrapped in Rainbows: The Life of Zora Neale Hurston |year=2003 |publisher=Scribner |location=New York |isbn=978-0-684-84230-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/wrappedinrainbow00boyd |url-access=limited }}</ref> Hurston alizaliwa Notasulga, Alabama, na kuhamia Eatonville, Florida, pamoja na familia yake mwaka [[1894]]. Baadaye alitumia Eatonville kama mazingira ya hadithi zake nyingi. Katika kazi yake ya awali, Hurston alifanya utafiti wa anthropolojia na ethnografia kama msomi katika Chuo cha Barnard na Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia. Alikuwa na shauku katika ngano za Kiafrika-Amerika na Karibiani, na jinsi hizi zilivyochangia utambulisho wa jamii.<ref name="hurston5">{{Rejea kitabu|last=Hurston|first=Lucy Anne|title=Speak, so you can speak again : the life of Zora Neale Hurston|year=2004|isbn=0-385-49375-4|edition=First |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |location=New York}}</ref> Pia aliandika kuhusu masuala ya sasa katika jamii ya watu weusi na akawa mtu wa kati wa Renaissance ya Harlem. Satire zake fupi, zikichukua kutoka kwa uzoefu wa Kiafrika-Amerika na mgawanyiko wa rangi, zilichapishwa katika antholojia kama vile The New Negro na Fire!! Baada ya kurudi Florida, Hurston aliandika na kuchapisha antholojia yake ya fasihi kuhusu ngano za Kiafrika-Amerika huko Kaskazini mwa Florida, Mules and Men ([[1935]]), na riwaya zake tatu za kwanza: Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934); Their Eyes Were Watching God ([[1937]]); na Moses, Man of the Mountain (1939). Pia ilichapishwa wakati huu ilikuwa Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica (1938), ikiandika utafiti wake kuhusu mila huko Jamaica na Haiti.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Trefzer|first=Annette|date=2000|title=Possessing the Self: Caribbean Identities in Zora Neale Hurston's Tell My Horse|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-american-review_summer-2000_34_2/page/298|journal=African American Review|volume=34|issue=2|pages=299–312|doi=10.2307/2901255|jstor=2901255}}</ref> Kazi za Hurston zilihusu uzoefu wa Kiafrika-[[Amerika]] na mapambano yake kama [[mwanamke]] wa Kiafrika-Amerika. Riwaya zake hazikutambuliwa sana na [[ulimwengu]] wa fasihi kwa miongo kadhaa. Mwaka 1975, miaka kumi na tano baada ya [[kifo]] cha Hurston, shauku katika kazi yake ilifufuliwa baada ya mwandishi Alice Walker kuchapisha makala, "In Search of Zora Neale Hurston" (baadaye ikaitwa tena "Looking for Zora"), katika jarida la Ms. Mwaka [[2001]], hati ya Hurston Every Tongue Got to Confess, mkusanyiko wa [[ngano]] zilizokusanywa katika miaka ya [[1920]], ilichapishwa baada ya kugunduliwa katika hifadhi za Smithsonian. Kitabu chake cha ukweli Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo" ([[2018]]), kuhusu maisha ya Cudjoe Lewis (Kossola), mmoja wa waliobaki wa mwisho wa watumwa waliyoletwa Marekani kwa njia isiyo halali mwaka [[1860]], pia kilichapishwa baada ya [[kifo]] chake.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/2011/07/12/the-upbringing-and-education-of-zora-neale-hurston/|title=The Upbringing and Education of Zora Neale Hurston|website=social.rollins.edu|language=en|access-date=June 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925043547/http://social.rollins.edu/wpsites/mosaic-hurston/2011/07/12/the-upbringing-and-education-of-zora-neale-hurston/ |last1=Flynn |first1=Elisabeth |last2=Deasy |first2=Caitlin |last3=Ruah |first3=Rachel |archive-date=September 25, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasifu == Zora Neale Hurston alizaliwa mwaka [[1891]], akiwa wa tano kati ya watoto wanane wa John Hurston na Lucy Ann Hurston (née Potts). Wazazi wote wa babu na nyanya zake walikuwa wamezaliwa katika utumwa. Baba yake alikuwa mhubiri wa Kibaptisti na mkulima wa pamoja, ambaye baadaye alikua seremala, na mama yake alikuwa mwalimu wa shule. Alizaliwa Notasulga, Alabama, tarehe 7 Januari 1891. Hili lilikuwa mji wa [[baba]] yake na babu yake wa upande wa baba alikuwa mhubiri wa kanisa la Kibaptisti. Alipokuwa na miaka [[mitatu]], [[familia]] yake ilihamia Eatonville, [[Florida]]. Mnamo [[1887]], ilikuwa moja ya miji ya kwanza ya watu weusi pekee iliyosajiliwa nchini Marekani. Hurston alisema kwamba Eatonville ilikuwa "nyumbani" kwake, kwani alikuwa mdogo sana alipohamia huko. Wakati mwingine alidai kuwa ni mahali pa kuzaliwa kwake. Miaka michache baadaye mwaka 1897, baba yake alichaguliwa kuwa meya wa mji huo. Mnamo [[1902]] aliitwa kuhudumu kama mhubiri wa [[kanisa]] lake kubwa zaidi, Macedonia Missionary Baptist.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Newly-Complicated-Zora/125753|title=The Newly Complicated Zora Neale Hurston|last1=Carpio|first1=Glenda R.|date=January 2, 2011|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=June 21, 2017|last2=Sollors|first2=Werner|language=en|issn=0009-5982|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626131647/http://www.chronicle.com/article/The-Newly-Complicated-Zora/125753/|archive-date=June 26, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo [[1901]], walimu wengine wa [[shule]] za [[kaskazini]] walitembelea Eatonville na walimpa Hurston vitabu kadhaa ambavyo vilifungua akili yake kwa fasihi. Baadaye alielezea uamsho huu wa kibinafsi wa kifasihi kama aina ya "kuzaliwa".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Black History Profiles – Zora Neale Hurston|url=https://themadisontimes.themadent.com/article/from-the-harlem-renaissance-to-the-black-arts-movement-writers-who-changed-the-world/|last=Rae|first=Brianna|date=2016-02-19|website=The Madison Times|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-10|archive-date=March 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308172016/https://themadisontimes.themadent.com/article/from-the-harlem-renaissance-to-the-black-arts-movement-writers-who-changed-the-world/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Akiwa mtu mzima, Hurston mara nyingi alitumia Eatonville kama [[mazingira]] katika hadithi zake ilikuwa mahali ambapo [[Wamarekani]] wa Kiafrika wangeweza kuishi kama walivyotaka, bila kutegemea jamii ya [[wazungu]]. Hurston alikulia Eatonville na alielezea uzoefu huo katika insha yake ya 1928, "How It Feels To Be Colored Me". Eatonville sasa inashikilia "''Tamasha la Zora''!" la kila mwaka kwa heshima yake.<ref name="monica-miller">{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Monica|title=Archaeology of a Classic|url=http://barnard.edu/news/archaeology-classic-celebrating-zora-neale-hurston-28|website=News & Events|publisher=Barnard College|access-date=June 14, 2014|date=December 17, 2012|archive-date=July 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715001314/http://barnard.edu/news/archaeology-classic-celebrating-zora-neale-hurston-28|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Sarkar |first=Sohel |date=2021-01-07 |title=9 Fascinating Facts About Zora Neale Hurston |url=https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/639490/zora-neale-hurston-author-facts |website=Mental Floss |access-date=June 6, 2022 |archive-date=October 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015200913/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/639490/zora-neale-hurston-author-facts |url-status=live }}</ref> Mama yake Hurston alikufa mwaka [[1904]]. Baba yake alimuoa Mattie Moge mwaka [[1905]]. Hili lilichukuliwa kuwa la kashfa, kwani ilisemekana kwamba alikuwa na uhusiano wa kimapenzi na Moge kabla ya kifo cha mke wake wa kwanza. [[Baba]] yake Hurston na mama yake wa kambo walimpeleka katika shule ya bweni ya Kibaptisti huko [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]], [[Florida]], lakini alifukuzwa baada ya [[wazazi]] wake kuacha kulipa karo yake.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/us/29florida.html |last=Cave |first=Damien |title=In a Town Apart, the Pride and Trials of Black Life|date=September 28, 2008|newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=August 1, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802014556/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/29/us/29florida.html|archive-date=August 2, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="zfh">{{cite web |title=Zora! Festival Homepage |url=http://www.zorafestival.org |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426193152/https://zorafestival.org/ |archive-date=April 26, 2019 |access-date=June 21, 2017 |website=Zora! Festival |language=en}}</ref><ref name="chdr">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://chdr.cah.ucf.edu/hurstonarchive/?p=chronology|title=Chronology of Hurston's Life|website=University of Central Florida|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802011229/https://chdr.cah.ucf.edu/hurstonarchive/?p=chronology|archive-date=August 2, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Zora Neale Hurston">[http://www.zoranealehurston.com/biography.html About Zora Neale Hurston] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416185654/http://www.zoranealehurston.com/biography.html |date=April 16, 2009 }}, Zora Neale Hurston official website, maintained by the Zora Neale Hurston Estate and HarperCollins.</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://baltimoreauthors.ubalt.edu/writers/zorahurston.htm|title=Zora Neale Hurston|website=The Baltimore Literary Heritage Project|access-date=August 21, 2019|archive-date=May 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514050306/http://baltimoreauthors.ubalt.edu/writers/zorahurston.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Uungwaji mkono na ufadhili == Wakati misaada ya ufadhili kutoka taasisi ilipoisha katika kipindi cha Unyogovu Mkuu, Hurston na rafiki yake Langston Hughes wote walitegemea ufadhili wa mpenzi wa fasihi ''Charlotte Osgood Mason'', mweupe na mlezi wa fasihi.<ref name="taylor" /><ref name="manuel" /><ref name="horner">Horner, Shirley. [https://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/16/nyregion/about-books.html "Kuhusu Vitabu"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112033401/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/16/nyregion/about-books.html|date=November 12, 2016}}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', Februari 16, 1986. Imepatikana Machi 5, 2011. "Kwa miaka mingi, Hughes alifurahia ufadhili wa 'bibi mweupe mzee aliye hifadhiwa vyema mwenye mali na ushawishi mkubwa', Charlotte Mason..." na "Dkt. [David Levering] Lewis alisema kuwa utafiti wake 'unaonyesha kwamba, shukrani kwa ukarimu wa Bi. Mason, Hughes aliishi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1930 katika nyumba ya familia moja huko Westfield, ambapo jirani yake alikuwa miongoni mwa waelimika wa Harlem, Zora Neale Hurston.'"</ref> Katika miaka ya [[1930]], Hurston aliishi [[Westfield, New Jersey]], mji mdogo karibu na New York, ambapo rafiki yake Hughes alikuwa miongoni mwa majirani wake.<ref name="taylor" /><ref name="manuel" /><ref name="horner" /> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1891]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1960]] [[Jamii:Wamarekani Weusi]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 141sbb0pzn4bnbf4wpsfmtk7nfrlk54 0 204407 1613933 1524111 2026-11-05T18:51:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Ratna Indraswari''' ([[24 Aprili]] [[1949]] – [[28 Machi]] [[2011]]), aliyepewa jina la utani la '''Malkia wa Nyuki''', alikuwa [[mshairi]] wa [[Indonesia]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za [[binadamu]]. Akiwa amepooza tangu akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, alitunga hadithi fupi na riwaya zaidi ya 400 wakati wa maisha yake, zikiwemo kazi zilizohusika sana na kijamii kama vile mwanamazingira Lemah Tanjung ([[2003]]). Zaidi ya hayo, alikuwa mtu mashuhuri katika harakati za Kiindonesia za wanawake na kidemokrasia. Kazi yake, hasa inayojumuisha hadithi fupi, inazingatia takwimu za kike, safari zao, na njia zao za kupinga mamlaka. Inafafanuliwa kama fasihi simulizi kwa sababu aliamuru kazi zake zote. == Wasifu == '''Kuzaliwa na ujana''' Ratna Indraswari alizaliwa Malang tarehe 24 Aprili 1949. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Artikel "Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim" – Ensiklopedia Sastra Indonesia |url=https://ensiklopedia.kemdikbud.go.id/sastra/artikel/Ratna_Indraswari_Ibrahim |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=ensiklopedia.kemdikbud.go.id |archive-date=2023-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719151856/https://ensiklopedia.kemdikbud.go.id/sastra/artikel/Ratna_Indraswari_Ibrahim |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alikuwa [[mtoto]] wa mwisho kati ya watoto sita.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Pratama |first=Andika Yudhistira |date=2023-07-10 |title=Dari Kursi Roda, Ratna Indraswari Mengabarkan Realitas Sosial |url=https://tirto.id/dari-kursi-roda-ratna-indraswari-mengabarkan-realitas-sosial-gMMj |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=tirto.id |language=id |archive-date=2023-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715212134/https://tirto.id/dari-kursi-roda-ratna-indraswari-mengabarkan-realitas-sosial-gMMj |url-status=live }}</ref> Wazazi wake wote wawili, Saleh Ibrahim na Siti Bidasari binti Arifin, walikuwa Minangkabau, ingawa waliishi Malang, ambayo si Minangkabau wengi.<ref name=":0" /> / Baba yake, Saleh Ibrahim, alimtia moyo asome <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2010-11-30 |title=Keseharian Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim |url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/multimedia/2010/12/101130_fotoratnaibrahim |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=BBC News Indonesia |language=id |archive-date=2017-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217113259/http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/multimedia/2010/12/101130_fotoratnaibrahim |url-status=live }}</ref>na akamletea vitabu vingi, ambavyo alisoma, na hivyo kujizoeza na fasihi tangu utotoni.<ref name=":2" /> Alipata tetraplegic akiwa na umri wa miaka 10<ref name=":2" /> baada ya homa ya muda mrefu na ugonjwa unaohusiana na rickets.<ref name=":1" /> Baada ya kuhudhuria shule ya msingi ya Kikristo, <ref name=":1" /> junior high, na shule ya upili huko Malang, alianza masomo katika kitivo cha usimamizi wa biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha Brawijaya, lakini aliziacha haraka.<ref name=":0" /> '''Kazi ya fasihi na ahadi''' Mwaka [[1974]], alianza kuandika kwa usaidizi wa msaidizi ambaye alinakili kile alichoamuru, na hivyo kusimamia kutengeneza kazi zake.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Ukweli kwamba alilazimika kuamuru kuandika ulimfanya aeleze kazi yake mwenyewe kama "fasihi simulizi". <ref name=":2" /> Mwandishi mahiri sana, alianza kuchapisha mwaka wa 1974 na hakuacha, hasa akitayarisha hadithi fupi, lakini pia riwaya na mashairi.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Inakadiriwa kuwa Indraswari ilibuni angalau kazi 400 tofauti za fasihi.<ref name=":2" /> Kando na shughuli zake za kisanii na fasihi, alijihusisha na harakati za haki za binadamu <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Widianto |first=Eko |date=2024-06-05 |title=Tahlil dan Doa selama 40 Hari untuk mendiang Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim |url=https://www.terakota.id/tahlil-dan-doa-selama-40-hari-untuk-mendiang-ratna-indraswari-ibrahim/ |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Terakota |language=id |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722102101/https://www.terakota.id/tahlil-dan-doa-selama-40-hari-untuk-mendiang-ratna-indraswari-ibrahim/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> kwa kujiunga na mashirika mbalimbali ya Kiindonesia katika miaka ya [[1970]] na [[1980]].<ref name=":0" /> Kufikia 1980, aliteuliwa kuwa rais wa Chama cha Bhakti Nurani cha walemavu. <ref name=":1" /> Mwaka [[2000]], alikua mkuu wa utafiti na maendeleo wa Chama cha Kean 'Payung'. <ref name=":0" /> Uharakati wake ulimpeleka ng'ambo, ikijumuisha safari za Marekani na Uchina kuhudhuria mikusanyiko ya wanawake na haki za wanawake kama vile Kongamano la Wanawake. <ref name=":0" /> Pia alishinda tuzo kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na moja kutoka kwa jarida la Femina. <ref name=":1" /> Kujitolea kwake kwa demokrasia kulisababisha kufuatiliwa na mamlaka ya Indonesia; mwaka [[1998]], wakati wa ghasia za [[Mei]] 1998 nchini Indonesia, nyumba yake ilipekuliwa na idara za ujasusi za Indonesia zikitafuta watu waliofichwa, bila mafanikio. <ref name=":1" /> Wakati fulani alipewa jina la utani "Ratu Lebah", ambalo linamaanisha "malkia wa nyuki".<ref name=":3" /> Mnamo 2003, alichapisha Lemah Tanjung, ambayo inajadili mradi mbovu wa mali isiyohamishika unaoharibu mazingira nchini Indonesia. <ref name=":1" /> Kabla ya kuchapisha kitabu hicho, alishiriki katika maandamano dhidi ya mradi huo, licha ya kupunguzwa na tetraplegia. <ref name=":1" /> Riwaya yake ya mwisho, 1998, ilikamilishwa kabla ya kifo chake lakini iliyochapishwa baada ya kifo chake, inapitia tena ghasia za 1998. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kompasiana.com |date=2015-04-14 |title=Membaca Karya Ratna Indraswari Ibrahim di Malang |url=https://www.kompasiana.com/kurakurabiru/5535acbf6ea8346b1dda42df/membaca-karya-ratna-indraswari-ibrahim-di-malang |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=KOMPASIANA |language=id |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722102114/https://www.kompasiana.com/kurakurabiru/5535acbf6ea8346b1dda42df/membaca-karya-ratna-indraswari-ibrahim-di-malang |url-status=live }}</ref> Indraswari alifariki kutokana na matatizo ya kiharusi tarehe 28 Machi 2011. <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=JPNN |url=https://www.jpnn.com/news/obituari-ratna-indraswari-penulis-handal-yang-tak-menyerah-dengan-keterbatasannya |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=www.jpnn.com |language=id |archive-date=2018-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604180321/https://www.jpnn.com/news/obituari-ratna-indraswari-penulis-handal-yang-tak-menyerah-dengan-keterbatasannya |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2011]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Indonesia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] iwgwq7u6vzhcuwg00gr7cdl3an5ycx8 0 204553 1614012 1527140 2026-11-05T20:31:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614012 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Merton, [[Watrapisti|OCSO]]''' ([[jina la kitawa]]: M. Louis; [[31 Januari]] [[1915]] – [[10 Desemba]] [[1968]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[mwanateolojia]], [[mshairi]], [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa kijamii na msomi wa dini za kulinganisha wa [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mtawa katika [[Abasia]] ya [[Watrapisti]] ya Mama Yetu wa Gethsemani, karibu na Bardstown, Kentucky, akiishi huko tangu 1941 hadi kifo chake.<ref name=tmc>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://merton.org/chrono.aspx|title=Thomas Merton's Life and Work – Thomas Merton Center|website=merton.org|access-date=May 31, 2024|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216175214/https://merton.org/chrono.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> Merton aliandika [[Kitabu|vitabu]] zaidi ya 50 katika kipindi cha miaka 27, zaidi juu ya [[maisha ya kiroho]], haki ya kijamii, na amani, pamoja na insha nyingi na hakiki. Miongoni mwa kazi zake zilizosomwa sana ni tawasifu yake iliyouzwa zaidi "The Seven Storey Mountain" (1948).<ref name="Jacobs">{{Cite magazine|last=Jacobs|first=Alan|date=December 28, 2018|title=Thomas Merton, the Monk Who Became a Prophet|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/thomas-merton-the-monk-who-became-a-prophet|access-date=April 16, 2024|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]|language=en-us|archive-date=September 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902120314/https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/thomas-merton-the-monk-who-became-a-prophet|url-status=live}}</ref> Merton alikuwa mtetezi mwenye bidii wa uelewa wa dini mbalimbali, akichunguza dini za Asia Mashariki kupitia masomo na mazoezi. Alifungua mazungumzo ya kimkakati na wataalamu mashuhuri wa kiroho wa Asia ikiwa ni pamoja na Dalai Lama, mwandishi wa Kijapani D. T. Suzuki, mtawa wa Kibuddha wa Thai Buddhadasa, na mtawa wa Kivietinamu Thich Nhat Hanh. ==Maisha== Thomas Merton alizaliwa huko Prades, Pyrénées-Orientales, Ufaransa, tarehe [[31 Januari]] [[1915]], kwa wazazi wenye asili ya [[Welisi]]: Owen Merton, mchoraji wa New Zealand aliyefanya kazi huko Ulaya na Marekani, na Ruth Jenkins Merton, Mmarekani wa [[Jamii ya Marafiki]] na msanii. Walikutana katika shule ya uchoraji huko Paris. Alibatizwa katika [[Waanglikana|Kanisa la Uingereza]], kwa mujibu wa matakwa ya baba yake. Baba yake Merton mara nyingi hakuwa karibu wakati wa utoto wa mwanawe.<ref>{{cite web|title=Declaration of Intention|url=http://www.themartyrdomofthomasmerton.com/ewExternalFiles/Declaration%20of%20intention.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Petition for Naturalization|url=http://www.themartyrdomofthomasmerton.com/ewExternalFiles/Petition-for-Naturalization-1948.pdf}}</ref> Wakati wa [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]], mnamo [[Agosti]] [[1915]], familia ya Merton iliondoka Ufaransa kwenda Marekani. Waliishi kwanza na wazazi wa Ruth huko Queens, New York, kisha wakakaa karibu nao huko Douglaston. Mnamo [[1917]], familia ilihamia nyumba ya zamani huko Flushing, Queens, ambapo kaka yake Merton, John Paul, alizaliwa tarehe [[2 Novemba]] [[1918]]. Familia ilikuwa ikifikiria kurudi Ufaransa wakati Ruth alipogunduliwa ana saratani ya tumbo. Alifariki kutokana nayo tarehe [[21 Oktoba]] 1921, katika Hospitali ya Bellevue. Merton alikuwa na miaka sita na kaka yake bado hajafikisha miaka mitatu. Mnamo [[1926]], wakati Merton alikuwa na miaka kumi na moja, baba yake alimsajili katika shule ya bweni ya wavulana huko Montauban, Lycée Ingres. Katika majira ya joto ya 1928, alimudu ondoa Merton kutoka Lycée Ingres, akisema familia ilikuwa inahamia Uingereza. Mnamo [[Oktoba]] [[1933]], Merton, mwenye umri wa miaka 18, aliingia Chuo cha Clare, Cambridge, kama mwanafunzi wa shahada ya kwanza kusoma Kifaransa na Kiitalia. Hakuwa na furaha katika Chuo cha Clare, akipendelea kupumzika kuliko kusoma, na alizaa mtoto ambaye hakuwahi kukutana naye, ingawa baadaye alitia saini angalau hati mbili rasmi za mahakama zikisema kwamba hakuwa na watoto.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Yau|first=John|date=January 16, 2014|title=Ad Reinhardt and the Via Negativa|url=https://brooklynrail.org/special/AD_REINHARDT/ad-and-spirituality/ad-reinhardt-and-the-via-negativa|access-date=August 29, 2021|website=The Brooklyn Rail|language=en-US|archive-date=August 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803100923/https://brooklynrail.org/special/AD_REINHARDT/ad-and-spirituality/ad-reinhardt-and-the-via-negativa|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo [[Januari]] [[1935]], Merton alijiunga kama mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa pili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia huko New York City. Huko alianzisha urafiki wa karibu na wa kudumu na mchoraji Ad Reinhardt, mshairi Robert Lax, mtoa maoni Ralph de Toledano, na mwanafunzi wa sheria John Slate. Pia alifanya urafiki na mchapishaji Robert Giroux. Merton alihudhuria kozi ya fasihi ya Kiingereza ya karne ya 18 wakati wa muhula wa masika iliyofundishwa na Mark Van Doren, profesa ambaye alidumisha urafiki wa maisha yote naye. Mnamo Januari [[1938]], Merton alihitimu kutoka Columbia na B.A. katika Kiingereza. Mnamo Juni, rafiki yake Seymour Freedgood alipanga mkutano na Mahanambrata Brahmachari, mtawa wa Kihindu aliyetembelea [[New York]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Chicago. Merton alifurahishwa naye. Ingawa Merton alitarajia Brahmachari ampendekezee Uhindu, badala yake alimshauri Merton aungane tena na Ukristo. Alipendekeza Merton asome "''[[Maungamo]]''" ya [[Agostino wa Hippo|Augustino]] na "[[Kumfuasa Yesu Kristo]]". Merton alivisoma vyote viwili. Mnamo Agosti [[1938]], alihudhuria [[Misa]] katika Kanisa la Corpus Christi, lililoko karibu na kampasi ya Columbia. Alianza kusoma zaidi katika [[Kanisa Katoliki]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Biddle|first=Arthur W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGO8mse-lOIC&q=john+slate+robert+lax&pg=PR8|title=When Prophecy Still Had a Voice: The Letters of Thomas Merton and Robert Lax|date=January 1, 2001|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-2168-0|language=en|access-date=September 1, 2021|archive-date=May 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531065639/https://books.google.com/books?id=DGO8mse-lOIC&q=john+slate+robert+lax&pg=PR8#v=snippet&q=john%20slate%20robert%20lax&f=false|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Ziolkowski|first=Jan M.|date=2018|title=The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity. Volume 6: War and Peace, Sex and Violence|url=https://www.openbookpublishers.com/htmlreader/978-1-78374-539-5/ch3.xhtml|access-date=August 29, 2021|website=openbookpublishers.com|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829082033/https://www.openbookpublishers.com/htmlreader/978-1-78374-539-5/ch3.xhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tarehe [[16 Novemba]] [[1938]], Thomas Merton alipokea [[sakramenti]] ya ubatizo na [[ekaristi]] katika Kanisa la Corpus Christi. Tarehe [[22 Februari]] [[1939]] alipokea M.A. yake katika Kiingereza kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia. Merton aliamua kuendelea na PhD yake katika Columbia akahama kutoka Douglaston hadi Greenwich Village. Kisha akaanza kutambua wito wa maisha ya kitawa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Slate, John H., 1913–1967 – Correspondence|url=http://merton.org/Research/Correspondence/y1.aspx?id=1861|access-date=July 10, 2021|website=merton.org|archive-date=May 31, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240531065643/https://merton.org/Research/Correspondence/y1.aspx?id=1861|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj7764|title=The Letters of Robert Giroux and Thomas Merton|date=2015|publisher=University of Notre Dame Press|doi=10.2307/j.ctvpj7764|jstor=j.ctvpj7764|isbn=978-0-268-01786-6|access-date=August 29, 2021|archive-date=August 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829082022/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvpj7764|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=Ledbetter |first=J. T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvkfAQAAIAAJ&q=thomas+merton+mark+van+doren |title=Mark Van Doren |date=1996 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-0-8204-3334-9 |pages=158 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mahanambrata Brahmachari Is Dead at 95 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/01/world/mahanambrata-brahmachari-is-dead-at-95.html?sec=&spon= |date=November 1, 1999 |newspaper=New York Times |first=Gustav |last=Niebuhr |access-date=May 25, 2010 |archive-date=May 23, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130523130315/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/11/01/world/mahanambrata-brahmachari-is-dead-at-95.html?sec=&spon= |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=King |first=David A. |date=2019-10-17 |title=Thomas Merton and the doors of Corpus Christi Church - Georgia Bulletin |url=https://georgiabulletin.org/news/2019/10/thomas-merton-and-the-doors-of-corpus-christi-church/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=georgiabulletin.org |language=en-US}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1905]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1968]] [[Jamii:wamonaki]] [[Jamii:Wasitoo]] [[Jamii:mapadri]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 4syj3bqya381nj8n5j5zt31dgeqkz14 0 204633 1613819 1519335 2026-11-05T16:02:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Margaret Eleanor Atwood''' (alizaliwa [[18 Novemba|Novemba 18]], [[1939]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya, mshairi, na mkosoaji wa fasihi kutoka Kanada. Tangu mwaka 1961, amechapisha vitabu 18 vya mashairi, riwaya 18, vitabu 11 vya insha, mkusanyo 9 wa hadithi fupi, vitabu 8 vya watoto, riwaya 2 za michoro, pamoja na matoleo mbalimbali ya fasihi na mashairi kupitia wachapishaji wadogo. Kazi yake inayojulikana zaidi ni riwaya ya ''The Handmaid's Tale'' ya mwaka 1985, ambayo ni hadithi ya kinjozi (''dystopian''). Atwood ameshinda tuzo nyingi za kifasihi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Tuzo mbili za Booker, Tuzo ya ''Arthur C. Clarke'', Tuzo ya Gavana Mkuu, Tuzo ya ''Franz Kafka'', Tuzo ya ''Princess of Asturias'', na Tuzo ya Maisha ya PEN Center USA. Baadhi ya kazi zake zimetafsiriwa na kubadilishwa kuwa filamu na vipindi vya televisheni.<ref name="Sutherland2012">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aV9ot7kGdi4C&pg=PA721|title=Lives of the Novelists: A History of Fiction in 294 Lives|last=Sutherland|first=John|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2012|isbn=978-0-300-18243-9|page=721|access-date=April 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323094923/https://books.google.com/books?id=aV9ot7kGdi4C&pg=PA721|archive-date=March 23, 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Kazi zake zinashughulikia mada mbalimbali kama vile jinsia na utambulisho, dini na hekaya, nguvu ya lugha, mabadiliko ya tabianchi, na siasa za madaraka (''power politics''). Mashairi yake mengi yanavutiwa na hekaya na hadithi za kale ambazo zilimvutia tangu akiwa mdogo. Mbali na uandishi, Atwood ni mwanzilishi wa Tuzo ya Ushairi ya Griffin (''Griffin Poetry Prize'') na ''Writers' Trust of Canada''. Pia ni Mwanachama Mwandamizi wa Chuo cha Massey huko Toronto. Aidha, aligundua kifaa cha ''LongPen'' na teknolojia zinazowezesha kuandika nyaraka kwa njia ya roboti kwa mbali.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cp24.com/entertainment-news/canadian-author-graeme-gibson-dead-at-85-1.4598787|title=Canadian author Graeme Gibson dead at 85|publisher=[[CP24]]|date=September 18, 2019|access-date=September 18, 2019|archive-date=March 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308184344/https://www.cp24.com/entertainment-news/canadian-author-graeme-gibson-partner-of-margaret-atwood-dies-at-age-85-1.4598787|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Margaret Eleanor Atwood alizaliwa tarehe 18 Novemba 1939 huko Ottawa, Ontario, Kanada. Yeye ni mtoto wa pili kati ya watatu wa Carl Edmund Atwood, mtaalamu wa wadudu (''entomologist''), na Margaret Dorothy (née Killam), aliyekuwa mtaalamu wa lishe kutoka Woodville, Nova Scotia. Kutokana na kazi ya utafiti ya baba yake katika masuala ya wadudu wa misitu, Atwood alitumia sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake katika misitu ya kaskazini mwa Quebec, akisafiri kati ya Ottawa, Sault Ste. Marie, na Toronto.<ref name="The Guardian">{{Rejea habari|last1=Atwood|first1=Margaret|title=Caught in time's current: Margaret Atwood on grief, poetry and the past four years|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2020/nov/07/caught-in-times-current-margaret-atwood-on-grief-poetry-and-the-past-four-years|date=November 7, 2020|issn=0261-3077|access-date=November 8, 2020|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108163218/https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2020/nov/07/caught-in-times-current-margaret-atwood-on-grief-poetry-and-the-past-four-years|url-status=live}}</ref> Hakuhudhuria shule kikamilifu hadi alipofikia umri wa miaka 12. Hapo awali, alikuwa msomaji hodari wa fasihi, vitabu vya upelelezi vya Dell, ''Grimms' Fairy Tales'', hadithi za wanyama wa Kanada, na vikatuni. Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Leaside huko Toronto na kuhitimu mnamo 1957. Atwood alianza kuandika michezo na mashairi akiwa na umri wa miaka 6. Utoto wake pia ulijumuisha ushiriki katika programu ya Brownie ya ''Girl Guides of Canada'', na ameandika kuhusu uzoefu wake katika vitabu vyake kadhaa. Aligundua kuwa anataka kuwa mwandishi wa taaluma alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16. Mnamo 1957, alianza masomo yake katika Chuo cha Victoria katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toronto, ambapo alichapisha mashairi na makala katika jarida la fasihi la chuo ''Acta Victoriana''. Pia alishiriki katika ''The Bob Comedy Revue'', tamthilia ya jadi ya wanafunzi wa mwaka wa pili. Waalimu wake walijumuisha Jay Macpherson na Northrop Frye. Alimaliza shahada yake ya kwanza mnamo 1961 akiwa na ''Bachelor of Arts'' katika Kiingereza (heshima) na masomo ya chini ya falsafa na Kifaransa. Mwaka huo huo, alianza masomo ya uzamili katika Radcliffe College ya Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard kwa msaada wa ufadhili wa ''Woodrow Wilson''. Alipata shahada ya uzamili (''MA'') mwaka 1962 na aliendelea na masomo ya udaktari kwa miaka miwili, lakini hakumaliza tasnifu yake yenye kichwa ''The English Metaphysical Romance''.<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Margaret Atwood on feminism, culture wars and speaking her mind: 'I'm very willing to listen, but not to be scammed'|last=Freeman|first=Hadley|newspaper=The Guardian|date=February 19, 2022|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2022/feb/19/margaret-atwood-on-feminism-culture-wars|access-date=February 19, 2022|archive-date=February 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219184406/https://www.theguardian.com/books/ng-interactive/2022/feb/19/margaret-atwood-on-feminism-culture-wars|url-status=live}}</ref> === Maisha Binafsi === Atwood ana dada yake Ruth Atwood, aliyezaliwa mwaka 1951, na kaka yake mkubwa Harold Leslie Atwood. Anadai kuwa anaweza kuwa na uhusiano wa kifamilia na Mary Webster, mwanamke aliyenusurika kunyongwa kwa tuhuma za uchawi katika karne ya 17. Webster ndiye mhusika wa shairi lake ''Half-Hanged Mary'' na amepewa heshima katika ''The Handmaid's Tale'' (1985).<ref name="Variety">{{cite web|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|title=Margaret Atwood on How Donald Trump Helped 'The Handmaid's Tale'|url=https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/margaret-atwood-handmaids-tale-trump-feminism-1202748535/|url-status=live|work=Variety|date=April 10, 2018|access-date=July 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719084222/https://variety.com/2018/tv/news/margaret-atwood-handmaids-tale-trump-feminism-1202748535/|archive-date=July 19, 2018}}</ref> Atwood aliolewa na Jim Polk, mwandishi wa Kimarekani, mnamo 1968 lakini ndoa yao ilivunjika mwaka 1973. Baadaye, alianza mahusiano na mwandishi mwenzake Graeme Gibson na walihamia katika shamba karibu na Alliston, Ontario, ambako binti yao Eleanor Jess Atwood Gibson alizaliwa mwaka 1976. Familia yao ilihamia Toronto mwaka 1980. Atwood na Gibson waliendelea kuwa pamoja hadi tarehe 18 Septemba 2019, wakati Gibson alipofariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa kupoteza kumbukumbu (''dementia''). Atwood alimwomboleza Gibson katika shairi lake ''Dearly'' na pia katika insha kuhusu huzuni na mashairi iliyochapishwa katika ''The Guardian'' mwaka 2020. Ingawa ni mwandishi mwenye mafanikio makubwa, Atwood anakiri kuwa yeye ni mwandishi wa tahajia (''spelling'') mbaya. Huandika kwa mkono na pia kwa kutumia kompyuta. Atwood pia anamiliki nyumba ya majira ya joto kwenye Kisiwa cha Pelee katika Ziwa Erie.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/pelee-island-margaret-atwood-1.4109596|title=Margaret Atwood talks writing on Pelee Island while meeting with Windsor-Essex students|author=Aadel Haleem|website=cbc.ca|access-date=December 24, 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:waandishi wa Kanada]] btakbiatn350ajim3dbk7squfp7dhz3 0 204667 1614036 1528833 2026-11-05T21:00:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614036 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Historia ya Vifaranga''' ni podikasti ya historia kuhusu [[wanawake]] katika historia. Kipindi hiki kinasimamiwa na Beckett Graham na Susan Vollenweider, na imekuwa ikitoa vipindi tangu [[2011]]. Katika kila kipindi, waandaji huchunguza maisha ya mwanamke wa kihistoria tangu kuzaliwa hadi kifo pamoja na urithi wake. Waandaji pia hupitia nyenzo zozote za chanzo ambazo walitumia katika kutafiti mada. Hutoa njia kwa wasikilizaji kujifunza zaidi katika maonyesho yao.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2017-02-07 |title=Podcast Picks |url=https://www.kuer.org/support-kuer/2017-02-07/podcast-picks |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=KUER |language=en |archive-date=January 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113163028/https://www.kuer.org/support-kuer/2017-02-07/podcast-picks |url-status=live }}</ref> Graham na Vollenweider ni waandishi, waandaji, na watayarishaji wa podikasti. == Usuli == Podikasti ilianza wakati Graham, bila kupata podikasti zozote zinazohusu historia ya wanawake pekee, aliamua kuunda kipindi alichotaka kusikiliza. Alipata Vollenweider kwenye ubao wa ujumbe wa akina mama mtandaoni. Vollenweider, ni mwandishi na mwandishi wa kujitegemea wa The Kansas City Star. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=AAUW |first=Lois and Liza Gilbert |title=The Women Who Tell Our Stories: The History Chicks Podcast (2010– ) |url=https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/history/the-women-who-tell-our-stories-the-history-chicks-podcast-2010/article_d2f6a852-b884-11ed-ae01-3bc2c7ed9372.html |access-date=April 14, 2023 |website=La Crosse Tribune |date=March 7, 2023 |language=en |archive-date=March 15, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315003933/https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/history/the-women-who-tell-our-stories-the-history-chicks-podcast-2010/article_d2f6a852-b884-11ed-ae01-3bc2c7ed9372.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Podikasti ya History Chicks ilizinduliwa mnamo [[Januari 20]], 2011, na kipindi chao cha kwanza, kuhusu Queen Marie Antoinette ilishuka Januari 31 mwaka huo huo. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=August 29, 2021 |title=For 10 years, 'The History Chicks' have been filling in the gaps of history |url=https://podsauce.com/articles/for-10-years-the-history-chicks-have-been-filling-in-the-gaps-of-history/ |url-status=dead |access-date=April 15, 2023 |website=Podsauce |publisher=[[Audacy]] |language=en-US |archive-date=October 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004133455/https://podsauce.com/articles/for-10-years-the-history-chicks-have-been-filling-in-the-gaps-of-history/ }}</ref> Kipindi kiligonga sehemu ya iTunes Mpya na Maarufu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Arnett |first=Dugan |date=April 7, 2014 |title='History Chicks' bring personality to a dusty subject |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/local/article344486.html |access-date=April 15, 2023 |website=The Kansas City Star}}</ref> Ingawa ilikuwa toleo la kujitegemea, podikasti hiyo ilijiunga na Panoply Media mwaka wa 2016, na kuhamia Wondery mnamo [[2019]]. [nukuu inahitajika] Sasa wako kwenye mtandao wa podikasti wa QCode. Vipindi hutolewa mara mbili kwa mwezi.<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Top Picks: Greil Marcus's 'Real Life Rock,' the podcast 'The History Chicks,' and more |work=Christian Science Monitor |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Arts/2016/0115/Top-Picks-Greil-Marcus-s-Real-Life-Rock-the-podcast-The-History-Chicks-and-more |access-date=2023-04-15 |issn=0882-7729 |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414111501/https://www.csmonitor.com/The-Culture/Arts/2016/0115/Top-Picks-Greil-Marcus-s-Real-Life-Rock-the-podcast-The-History-Chicks-and-more |url-status=live }}</ref> Vipindi vinashughulikia takwimu za kihistoria na vile vile za kubuni.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Salam |first=Maya |date=2019-07-05 |title=4 Podcasts for Your Summer Travels |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/05/arts/podcasts-for-women-road-trip.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=November 8, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108003605/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/05/arts/podcasts-for-women-road-trip.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kila kipindi kina urefu wa saa moja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fontes |first=Kristina |title=Ancient myths to modern-day marvels: Podcasts for Women's History Month |url=https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/entertainment/society/2021/03/20/womens-history-month-2021-podcasts/6947974002/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Taunton Daily Gazette |language=en-US |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414111502/https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/entertainment/society/2021/03/20/womens-history-month-2021-podcasts/6947974002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Kipindi hiki ni podikasti ya wanawake.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=The Best Feminist Podcasts to Help You Stay Woke |url=https://www.kqed.org/pop/103105/the-best-feminist-podcasts-to-help-you-stay-woke-in-2018 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=KQED |date=April 19, 2018 |language=en-us |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414113008/https://www.kqed.org/pop/103105/the-best-feminist-podcasts-to-help-you-stay-woke-in-2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Murphy |first=Emma |date=2017-07-10 |title=5 Feminist Podcasts You Need To Know |url=https://www.curvemag.com/opinion/podcast/5-feminist-podcasts-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=CURVE |language=en-US |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227005402/https://www.curvemag.com/opinion/podcast/5-feminist-podcasts-you-need-to-know/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo [[2016]], waandaji walijadili wanawake watatu waliogombea urais: Victoria Woodhull, Belva Lockwood, na Shirley Chisholm. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=What to watch and listen to this weekend: 'Good Girls Revolt' on Amazon, The History Chicks podcast |url=https://www.tampabay.com/what-to-watch-and-listen-to-this-weekend-good-girls-revolt-on-amazon-the/2300348/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Tampa Bay Times |language=en |archive-date=April 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230414160046/https://www.tampabay.com/what-to-watch-and-listen-to-this-weekend-good-girls-revolt-on-amazon-the/2300348/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Umbizo == Kila kipindi huanza na Muhtasari wa sekunde 30 ambapo waandaji hujumuisha historia ya mada katika aya ya haraka sana. Inafuatiwa na Imeshuka katika [[Historia]] ambapo orodha ya matukio mengine yanayotokea wakati wa maisha ya somo kutoka kwa uvumbuzi, vita, na mambo mengine ambayo watu wanaweza kuwa wamesikia. Ifuatayo ni muundo uliowekwa wenye taarifa kuhusu familia ya masomo, eneo, maelezo ya jinsi wazazi wake walikutana, ndugu zake wanaishi, na hatimaye, sehemu iliyosalia inaangazia mada maisha, elimu, changamoto, familia, kushindwa, na mafanikio. Graham na Vollenweider hawajadili utafiti wao hadi warekodiwe, wanataka mazungumzo yatiririke kikaboni na kuangazia vipengele tofauti vya mada kama hayo yanaweza tu kumvutia mmoja wao. "Inasisimua kwetu kuona mwanamke sawa kupitia macho ya kila mmoja wetu-vitu ambavyo mmoja wetu anaona kuvutia, mwingine anaweza kuficha." <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Harris |first=Elizabeth |date=March 1, 2021 |title=Time Traveling with The History Chicks |url=https://www.toasteemag.com/post/time-traveling-with-the-history-chicks |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=Toastee Magazine |language=en |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313221050/https://www.toasteemag.com/post/time-traveling-with-the-history-chicks |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Staff writer discusses the popular history podcast "The History Chicks" – The College Reporter |date=September 8, 2019 |url=https://www.the-college-reporter.com/staff-writer-discusses-the-popular-history-podcast-the-history-chicks/2019/09/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |language=en-US |archive-date=August 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819105932/http://www.the-college-reporter.com/staff-writer-discusses-the-popular-history-podcast-the-history-chicks/2019/09/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Kansas City podcast 'The History Chicks' has grown a global following around women's history |url=https://www.kcur.org/podcast/up-to-date/2024-03-20/kansas-city-podcast-the-history-chicks-has-grown-a-global-following-around-womens-history |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=KCUR - Kansas City news and NPR |language=en}}</ref> Sehemu ya Vyombo vya Habari ndipo wawili hao hujadili vyanzo ambavyo walitumia katika utafiti, chochote ambacho wangependekeza, hatimaye sinema, vyombo vingine vya habari, na majumba ya makumbusho yanayohusiana na somo hilo. == Mapokezi == Mnamo 2021, Graham na Vollenweider walionekana kwenye mfululizo wa Maswali na Majibu wa C-SPAN na Jarida la Washington. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Q&A with The History Chicks {{!}} C-SPAN.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?509798-1/qa-history-chicks |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=www.c-span.org |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307124706/https://www.c-span.org/video/?509798-1/qa-history-chicks |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Beckett Graham and Susan Vollenweider on the History Chicks Podcast {{!}} C-SPAN.org |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?516749-5/washington-journal-beckett-graham-susan-vollenweider-discuss-history-chicks-podcast |access-date=March 13, 2023 |website=www.c-span.org |archive-date=March 7, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307154327/https://www.c-span.org/video/?516749-5/washington-journal-beckett-graham-susan-vollenweider-discuss-history-chicks-podcast |url-status=live }}</ref> Vifaranga wa Historia pia wamechangia katika mfululizo kadhaa wa Idhaa ya Historia kama vile The Machines that Built America (2021) <ref>{{Citation |title=The Machines That Built America |date=2021-07-18 |type=Documentary |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14357586/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |others=Campbell Scott, Adam Richman, Nigel Barber |publisher=Six West Media}}</ref> na The Engineering that Built the World (2021).<ref>{{Citation |title=The Engineering That Built the World |date=2021-10-10 |type=Documentary, History |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14357624/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1 |access-date=2024-02-23 |others=Ian Karr, Daniel Dickrell, Yohuru Williams |publisher=Six West Media}}</ref> Podikasti hii imependekezwa kwenye orodha nyingi za juu za podcast za historia ikiwa ni pamoja na Lifewire.com, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=The 14 Best History Podcasts of 2024 |url=https://www.lifewire.com/best-history-podcasts-4174786 |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=Lifewire |language=en}}</ref> Speechify.com, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-09-07 |title=The 10 best history podcasts to enrich your understanding of the past – Speechify |url=https://speechify.com/blog/best-history-podcasts/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=speechify.com |language=en-US}}</ref>Feedspot.com, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-01-18 |title=15 Best Women History Podcasts You Must Follow in 2024 |url=https://podcasts.feedspot.com/women_history_podcasts/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=FeedSpot for Podcasters |language=en-US}}</ref> Bustle.com <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2022-03-04 |title=23 Podcasts That Celebrate Women's History All Year Long |url=https://www.bustle.com/life/womens-history-podcasts-you-dont-want-to-miss-out-on-22585118 |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=Bustle |language=en}}</ref> na Whatpods.com.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Looking for the best history podcast? We count down the top 39! |url=https://whatpods.com/best-history-podcasts/ |access-date=2024-02-23 |website=WhatPods |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist|2}} [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 4nk46384rbgs8yzrpaunqt2xiexrl2r 0 204670 1613813 1415399 2026-11-05T15:51:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''"Mama"''' ni [[wimbo]] wa mwimbaji-mtunzi wa nyimbo wa [[Marekani]] Meghan Trainor kutoka toleo la deluxe la albamu yake ya tano ya studio kuu, Takin' It Back ([[2022]]). Aliandika wimbo huo na Sean Douglas na watayarishaji wake, Gian Stone na kaka yake Justin. Epic Records iliitoa kwa vituo vya redio vya kisasa vya watu wazima nchini Marekani kama wimbo wa kwanza wa toleo la deluxe mnamo [[Machi 27]], [[2023]]. Wimbo wa pop wenye mvuto wa doo-wop, unaingiliana na wimbo wa Chordettes "Mr. Sandman". Ukiongozwa na wanaume waliosema ujauzito wa Trainor utakatisha kazi yake, wimbo huo unahusu uwezeshaji wa wanawake; katika maneno yake, anamwomba mwanamume aache kulalamika na kumsikiliza. Wakosoaji walipendelea utunzi wake wa [[muziki]], lakini walimkosoa Trainor kwa kujiita mama, kwa kawaida neno la lugha ya Kiingereza la Kiafrika-Amerika (AAVE) ambalo pia linapitishwa na jumuiya ya LGBTQ. Wimbo huo ulifikia 30 bora kwenye chati za rekodi za kitaifa nchini [[Ubelgiji]], [[Ireland]], [[Suriname]], na [[Uingereza]]. Charm La'Donna aliongoza na kutayarisha video ya muziki kwa ajili yake, ambayo ni nyota Kris Jenner. Mwanadada huyo amevaa bob ya rangi ya platinamu na anaonekana akiwa amevalia gauni jeupe la hariri katika tukio ambalo linaangazia onyesho la Marilyn Monroe la ''"Almasi Ni Rafiki Bora wa Msichana"'' na baadaye akiwa na Trainor katika gauni nyeusi zinazolingana. Video ilipokea sifa kwa uchaguzi wa mitindo; wakosoaji waliielezea kuwa ya kupendeza. Trainor alitumbuiza "Mama" kwenye ''The Today Show na Capital's Summertime Ball'' na kuijumuisha kwenye orodha iliyowekwa ya tamasha lake la [[2024]] Tour, Ziara isiyo na Wakati. == Usuli na kutolewa == Baada ya wimbo wake ''"Title"'' kupata umaarufu mkubwa kwenye huduma ya kushiriki video ya TikTok mnamo 2021, Meghan Trainor alitangaza nia yake ya kuelekeza sauti yake ya doo-wop kwenye albamu yake ya tano ya studio kuu. Jukwaa lilikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa katika mchakato wake wa ubunifu, na alianza kuandika nyenzo ambazo zingevutia hadhira juu yake.[3] Mkufunzi alipata umaarufu kwenye TikTok huku akishiriki mara kwa mara klipu na maudhui mengine na mshawishi Chris Olsen. Takin' It Back (2022) ilijumuisha wimbo ''"Made You Look"'', ambao ulisambaa kwenye TikTok. Ukawa wimbo wa kwanza wa Trainor tangu 2016 kuingia katika 40 bora kwenye Billboard Hot 100 ya Marekani na kufikia 10 bora katika nchi nyingine kadhaa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Griffiths |first=George |title=Taylor Swift on Track for Third Week at Number 1 with 'Anti-Hero' |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-on-track-for-third-week-at-number-1-with-anti-hero__37751/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] |access-date=November 22, 2022 |date=November 6, 2022 |archive-date=November 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122074724/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/taylor-swift-on-track-for-third-week-at-number-1-with-anti-hero__37751/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meghan Trainor – Made You Look |url=https://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Meghan+Trainor&titel=Made+You+Look&cat=s |publisher=[[ARIA Charts|ARIA Top 50 Singles]] |access-date=January 3, 2023 |archive-date=January 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102161143/https://australian-charts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Meghan+Trainor&titel=Made+You+Look&cat=s |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Meghan Trainor – Made You Look |url=https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Meghan+Trainor&titel=Made+You+Look&cat=s |publisher=[[Official New Zealand Music Chart|Top 40 Singles]] |access-date=January 3, 2023 |archive-date=January 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102161142/https://charts.nz/showitem.asp?interpret=Meghan+Trainor&titel=Made+You+Look&cat=s |url-status=live }}</ref> Trainor aliandika "Mama", wimbo wa kufuatilia, katika "sekunde ya mwisho".[11] Alisema kuwa wimbo huo uliathiriwa na "wanaume wapumbavu" ambao walimwambia "kwamba kupata mtoto kutakatisha kazi [yake]." <ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK-VpyhjBwo|title=''Workin' on the 'Mother' Music Video with Charm La'Donna''|via=[[YouTube]]|first=Meghan|last=Trainor|author-link=Meghan Trainor|date=March 16, 2023|access-date=April 26, 2023|url-status=live|time=20:22|archive-date=March 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331145024/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aK-VpyhjBwo&playnext=1&list=RDaK-VpyhjBwo}}</ref> Trainor alitaka kuunda wimbo wa kufurahisha na wa kucheza wa watu wanne kwenye sakafu na akaja na mistari "Mimi ni mama yako, bitch/ Unanisikiliza, bitch/ Acha yote hayo mansplainin'/ Hakuna mtu anayesikiliza, makeup." Aliimba wimbo huo kwa kaka yake Ryan, ambaye hakuupenda. Trainor alirekodi sauti 60 tofauti za "Mama", na kaka yake Justin alitengeneza besi ndogo kwa ajili yake, baada ya hapo Ryan alisema "Nasikia sasa" na hakuweza kujizuia kuimba wimbo huo mara kwa mara. Gian Stone alitayarisha wimbo na Justin siku iliyofuata, na akamsaidia Trainor kuandika mistari hiyo pamoja na mtunzi Sean Douglas. <ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJ07h2POCco|title=''Workin' on It Ft. Gian Stone''|via=[[YouTube]]|first=Meghan|last=Trainor|author-link=Meghan Trainor|date=March 29, 2023|access-date=April 26, 2023|url-status=live|time=31:57|archive-date=March 31, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331144815/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJ07h2POCco&list=PLP1JRUJcgNLUM3g_k5R8tUHTGMipvhrg7}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 1, 2023, Trainor alishiriki video yake akicheza na "Mama" na Olsen na mumewe, Daryl Sabara, akionyesha sehemu ya nyimbo zake. <ref name="iHeartRadio">{{cite web |last=Gonzalez |first=Rebekah |title=Meghan Trainor Kicks Off 'The Mother Era' by Teasing Her Catchy New Song |url=https://www.iheart.com/content/2023-03-01-meghan-trainor-kicks-off-the-mother-era-by-teasing-her-catchy-new-song/ |publisher=[[iHeartRadio]] |access-date=March 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302045517/https://www.iheart.com/content/2023-03-01-meghan-trainor-kicks-off-the-mother-era-by-teasing-her-catchy-new-song/ |archive-date=March 2, 2023 |date=March 2, 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kijisehemu hicho kilipata ukosoaji kutoka kwa wakosoaji mtandaoni, ambao walimshutumu kwa kutengeneza muziki ili kueneza virusi kwenye TikTok.<ref name="Jezebel">{{cite web |last=Ashcraft |first=Kady Ruth |title=I Am Very Endeared to Meghan Trainor and Her Bad Music. But 'Mother' Is Too Much. |url=https://jezebel.com/i-am-very-endeared-to-meghan-trainor-and-her-bad-music-1850184278 |work=[[Jezebel (website)|Jezebel]] |access-date=March 6, 2023 |date=March 4, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=March 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304010741/https://jezebel.com/i-am-very-endeared-to-meghan-trainor-and-her-bad-music-1850184278 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zara Larsson Defends Meghan Trainor: 'She Didn't Create This for TikTok, TikTok Was Created for Meghan' |agency=Bang Showbiz |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/zara-larsson-defends-meghan-trainor-120000116.html |publisher=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Life]] |access-date=March 6, 2023 |date=March 3, 2023 |url-status=live |archive-date=April 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420175651/https://uk.style.yahoo.com/zara-larsson-defends-meghan-trainor-120000116.html }}</ref> Trainor alitangaza wimbo huo alipokuwa na ujauzito wa wiki 21, kufuatia kutangazwa kwa kitabu chake cha kwanza, pia chenye mada kuhusu uzazi, kiitwacho Dear Future Mama. Ilitangazwa kwa kampeni ya Shorts za YouTube. "Mama" ilihudumiwa kwa vituo vya redio vya watu wazima vya kisasa nchini Marekani kama wimbo wa kwanza kutoka toleo la Deluxe la Takin' It Back mnamo Machi 27. Wimbo huu ulitumwa kwa uchezaji wa redio nchini Italia mnamo [[Aprili 7]], [[2023]]. Uhariri wake wa redio ulitolewa kwa upakuaji wa kidijitali mnamo Aprili 12. Mnamo Mei 12, 2023, mchezo wa kuigiza uliopanuliwa ulio na mchanganyiko wa "Mama" ulitolewa. Mnamo 2024, aliimba wimbo wa mfululizo wa tamasha la The Today Show's Citi na Capital's Summertime Ball. <ref>{{cite web |title=See Meghan Trainor Perform Viral Hit 'Mother' on ''Today'' |url=https://www.today.com/video/meghan-trainor-performs-mother-on-today-212495941593 |website=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]] |access-date=June 29, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607225836/https://www.today.com/video/meghan-trainor-performs-mother-on-today-212495941593 |archive-date=June 7, 2024 |date=June 7, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Prance |first=Sam |title=The Full Setlist for Capital's Summertime Ball with Barclaycard 2024 |url=https://www.capitalfm.com/news/capital-summertime-ball-setlist-songs-2024/ |publisher=[[Capital (radio network)|Capital FM]] |access-date=June 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616155256/https://www.capitalfm.com/news/capital-summertime-ball-setlist-songs-2024/ |archive-date=June 16, 2024 |date=June 16, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ilijumuishwa kama kifungua mlango kwenye orodha iliyowekwa ya ziara ya tamasha ya Trainor ya 2024, Timeless Tour.<ref>{{cite web |last=Swift |first=Megan |title=Meghan Trainor Is All About the Bass — and Family — in Spirited Pittsburgh Show |url=https://triblive.com/aande/music/meghan-trainor-is-all-about-the-bass-and-family-during-spirited-pittsburgh-show/ |website=[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]] |access-date=September 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907151423/https://triblive.com/aande/music/meghan-trainor-is-all-about-the-bass-and-family-during-spirited-pittsburgh-show/ |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |date=September 7, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bradley |first=Josh |title=Review: In Tampa, Meghan Trainor and Her Dance Troupe Make It Look Easy |url=https://www.cltampa.com/music/review-in-tampa-meghan-trainor-and-her-dance-troupe-make-it-look-easy-18510099 |website=[[Creative Loafing]] |access-date=September 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240903180122/https://www.cltampa.com/music/review-in-tampa-meghan-trainor-and-her-dance-troupe-make-it-look-easy-18510099 |archive-date=September 3, 2024 |date=September 3, 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] kwdp8h1gvetr3gcrcsk608mi7v8krer 0 204739 1613822 1459857 2026-11-05T16:05:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Maria Mies''' (Kijerumani: [miːs]; [[6 Februari]] [[1931]] – [[15 Mei]] [[2023]]) alikuwa profesa wa [[Ujerumani]] wa [[sosholojia]], mfeministi wa Kimarx, [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki]] za [[wanawake]], na [[mwandishi]]. Alitoka katika [[mazingira]] ya vijijini huko Volcanic Eifel, na awali alipata mafunzo ya ualimu. Baada ya kufanya kazi kwa miaka kadhaa kama mwalimu wa shule ya msingi na kuhitimu kama mwalimu wa shule ya upili, aliomba kwenye Taasisi ya [[Goethe]], akitumaini kufanya kazi Afrika au Asia. Akipewa shule huko Pune, India, aligundua kwamba wakati wanafunzi wake wa kiume walichukua kozi za Kijerumani ili kuendeleza elimu yao, wanawake kwa sehemu kubwa walichukua madarasa yake ili kuepuka ndoa. Aliporudi kusoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cologne, aliandaa tasnifu yake kuhusu migongano ya matarajio ya kijamii kwa wanawake nchini India mnamo 1971, akipata [[PhD]] yake mwaka uliofuata.<ref name="Bauer">{{cite web |last=Schuster |first=Stefan |title=Maria Mies |url=https://www.fritz-bauer-forum.de/datenbank/maria-mies/ |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=fritz-bauer-forum.de |publisher=Buxus Stiftung |date=2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308090021/https://www.fritz-bauer-forum.de/datenbank/maria-mies/ |archive-date=8 March 2023 |location=Bochum, Germany |language=de |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Franken">{{cite web |last=Franken |first=Irene |title=Maria Mies |url=https://www.frauengeschichtsverein.de/start-und-news/frau-des-monats-2021/februar-2021/ |access-date=19 May 2023 |website=frauengeschichtsverein.de |publisher=Kölner Frauengeschichtsverein e.V. |date=2021 |location=Cologne, Germany |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516163104/https://www.frauengeschichtsverein.de/start-und-news/frau-des-monats-2021/februar-2021/ |archive-date=16 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mies alikuwa mwanaharakati katika harakati za kijamii tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1960. Uharakati wake ulikuwa wa kumudu pendelea ukombozi wa wanawake na amani na dhidi ya Vita vya Vietnam na silaha za nyuklia. Alifundisha sosholojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi ya Maombi cha Cologne na Taasisi ya Utafiti wa Kijamii ya Chuo Kikuu cha Frankfurt katika miaka ya [[1970]]. Akigundua ukosefu wa maarifa kuhusu historia ya wanawake, alisaidia kuanzisha na kisha akatoa mihadhara katika makazi ya kwanza ya wanawake nchini Ujerumani. Mnamo 1979, alianza kufundisha masomo ya wanawake katika Taasisi ya Kimataifa ya Masomo ya Kijamii huko The Hague na akaanzisha programu ya shahada ya uzamili kwa wanawake kutoka nchi zinazoendelea, kwa msingi wa nadharia ya [[ufeministi]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lutz |first1=Herbert |last2=Lorenz |first2=Volker |title=Early Volcanological Research in the Vulkaneifel, Germany, the Classic Region of Maar–Diatreme Volcanoes: The Years 1774–1865 |journal=[[Bulletin of Volcanology]] |date=August 2013 |volume=75 |issue=8 |pages=743–758 |doi=10.1007/s00445-013-0743-0 |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]] for the [[International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior]] |location=Berlin, Germany |issn=0258-8900 |oclc=5659170779|doi-access=free |bibcode=2013BVol...75..743L }}</ref> Aliporudi [[Ujerumani]] na Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi ya Maombi mnamo [[1981]], Mies alijihusisha katika harakati za kiikofeministi na katika uharakati dhidi ya uhandisi wa kijeni na teknolojia ya uzazi. Aliunda maneno "housewifisation" kwa michakato inayopunguza thamani ya [[kazi]] ya wanawake na kuifanya isionekane. Kuanzia miaka ya 1980, aliandika sana kuhusu makutano kati ya ubepari, ufukwe na ukoloni. Mies alikuwa mmoja wa wasomi wa kwanza kutambua kufanana kati ya nafasi za kijamii-kisiasa-kiuchumi zilizoshikiliwa na wanawake na watu waliotawaliwa. Kazi zake zilinadharia kwamba kazi ya wanawake na watu waliotawaliwa ilipunguzwa thamani na kunyonywa chini ya ubepari, na alisoma uhusiano kati ya mapambano ya wanawake kwa [[ukombozi]] na mapambano yao ya jumla ya haki za kijamii na mazingira. Mojawapo ya wasiwasi wake wa msingi ilikuwa maendeleo ya mbinu mbadala, ya kifeministi na ya kuondoa ukoloni katika mbinu na katika uchumi. Kazi yake, ambayo ilijumuisha kuandika vitabu vya kiada kuhusu [[historia]] ya harakati za wanawake, imepata uchambuzi wa kimataifa na kutafsiriwa katika lugha kadhaa.<ref name="Mascarenhas" >{{cite news |last1=Mascarenhas |first1=Anuradha |title=Pune Recalls Association with Maria Mies, German Sociologist and Ecofeminist Who Died at 92 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/recalls-association-maria-mies-german-sociologist-ecofeminist-died-8614877/ |access-date=19 May 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518025258/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/recalls-association-maria-mies-german-sociologist-ecofeminist-died-8614877/ |archive-date=18 May 2023 |location=Mumbai, India |url-status=live}}</ref> == Maisha na Elimu == Maria Mies alizaliwa Hillesheim, Ujerumani, tarehe [[6 Februari]] [[1931]] kwa Johann na Gertrud Mies. Alitoka katika mazingira ya vijijini, alikulia katika familia ya wakulima huko Auel, kijiji katika eneo la Vulkaneifel la Mkoa wa Rhine wa [[Prussia]] (sasa katika [[Rhine-Palatino]]). Alikuwa wa saba kati ya watoto kumi na wawili, ambao wote walifanya kazi mashambani walipokuwa [[Mwanafunzi|wanafunzi]] katika shule ya mtaa iliyokuwa na darasa moja tu. Tabia ya mama yake ilikuwa ya matumaini, lakini baba yake alikuwa mtu wa kimudu fukwe na alisababisha hofu kwa wanafamilia kwa hasira yake. Walilelewa kama Wakatoliki. Alikuwa [[mwanafunzi]] wa kwanza kutoka kijiji chake kumaliza shule ya sekondari, ambayo alihudhuria huko Gerolstein, huku akiishi na [[rafiki]] wa familia. Kisha akaanza katika Regino-Gymnasium huko Prüm, lakini shule ilifungwa mnamo Septemba [[1944]] kwa sababu ya vita.<ref name="Mengel">{{cite news |last=Mengel |first=Monika |title=Erlebte Geschichten mit Maria Mies |url=https://www1.wdr.de/radio/wdr5/sendungen/erlebtegeschichten/miesmaria102.html |access-date=19 May 2023 |work=[[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] |date=31 December 2006 |language=de |trans-title=Stories Experienced with Maria Mies |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230519141132/https://www1.wdr.de/radio/wdr5/sendungen/erlebtegeschichten/miesmaria102.html |archive-date=19 May 2023 |location=Cologne, Germany |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Schmitz">{{cite journal |last1=Schmitz |first1=Betty |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[The Journal of Higher Education]] |date=January–February 1985 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=101–103 |doi=10.2307/1981725 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1981725 |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[Ohio State University Press]] |location=Columbus, Ohio |jstor=1981725 |issn=0022-1546 |oclc=8142350210}}</ref><ref name="Dubel">{{cite web |last1=Dubel |first1=Ireen |title=Passing Away: Emeritus Professor Maria Mies |url=https://www.iss.nl/en/news/passing-away-emeritus-professor-maria-mies |website=IISS News |publisher=[[International Institute of Social Studies]] |access-date=2 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524045353/https://www.iss.nl/en/news/passing-away-emeritus-professor-maria-mies |archive-date=24 May 2023 |location=The Hague, Netherlands |date=22 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yeager |first1=Matthew G. |title=The Freedom of Information Act as a Methodological Tool: Suing the Government for Data |journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice |date=July 2006 |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=499–521 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-criminology-and-criminal-justice_2006-07_48_4/page/511/mode/1up |access-date=20 May 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Tornoto, Ontario |doi=10.3138/cjccj.48.4.499 |issn=1707-7753 |oclc=361889328}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Westmarland |first1=Nicole |title=The Quantitative/Qualitative Debate and Feminist Research: A Subjective View of Objectivity |journal=Forum: Qualitative Social Research |date=February 2001 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–12 |doi=10.17169/fqs-2.1.974 |url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0101135 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Otto-von-Guericke-Universität |location=Berlin, Germany |issn=1438-5627 |oclc=7179505508}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Ritu Sen |editor1-last=Ghosh |editor1-first=Ghosh |title=Methodology of Research in Sociology |url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/ |date=2018 |publisher=[[INFLIBNET Centre]] |location=Gandhinagar, India |chapter=28 Feminist Methodology in Sociological Research |chapter-url=https://ebooks.inflibnet.ac.in/socp3/chapter/feminist-methodology-in-sociological-research/ |id=Search term "participatory"}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Griffith |first1=Alison I. |title=Reviewed Work: Theories of Women's Studies by Gloria Bowles, Renate Duelli Klein |journal=[[Canadian Journal of Sociology]] |date=Autumn 1986 |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=311–314 |doi=10.2307/3341107 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3341107 |access-date=1 July 2023 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto, Ontario |jstor=3341107 |issn=0318-6431 |oclc=5546268950}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:wanasosholojia wa Ujerumani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] iz67ewhb8xjhqg727vhjfpp2lvq5fp7 0 204801 1613951 1416662 2026-11-05T19:05:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Ros Sopheap''' (Khmer: រស់ សុភាព; alizaliwa [[1962]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za wanawake]] wa [[Kambodia]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa zamani wa Jinsia na Maendeleo Kambodia (GADC), shirika lisilo la kiserikali linalohusika katika kuzuia unyanyasaji wa majumbani dhidi ya wanawake na kukuza wanawake katika majukumu ya uongozi. Wakati wa kazi yake ya miaka 20 na GADC, alitetea kwa niaba ya wanawake nchini Kambodia na alikuwa kiini cha vuguvugu la haki za wanawake la Kambodia. Sopheap pia aliwahi kuwa rais wa Kamati ya Kukuza Wanawake katika Siasa. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Sopheap alizaliwa mnamo 1962 huko Kambodia. Wakati wa masomo yake, alijifunza Chbab Srey, kanuni za maadili za wanawake zilizoandikwa kwa njia ya shairi. [a] Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika elimu kutoka Taasisi ya Lugha za Kigeni ya Chuo Kikuu cha Royal Phnom Penh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet the Board: Ros Sopheap |url=https://harpswell.org/board |publisher=Harpswell |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154442/https://harpswell.org/board |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi == Sopheap alianza kazi yake kama mkalimani na mratibu wa mradi. Wakati wa kazi yake kama mkalimani wa mwangalizi wa uchaguzi wakati wa uchaguzi mkuu wa [[1993]] wa Kambodia, alinyanyaswa na askari wa Mamlaka ya Mpito ya Umoja wa Mataifa nchini Kambodia ambaye alimfuata katika kituo cha kupigia kura na baadaye akaja katika makazi yake huko Phnom Penh. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Kasztelan |first1=Marta |title=Her Name Is Untac: UN Peacekeepers' Forgotten Children in Cambodia |url=https://newnaratif.com/her-name-is-untac-un-peacekeepers-forgotten-children-in-cambodia/ |work=New Naratif |date=26 October 2021 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154439/https://newnaratif.com/her-name-is-untac-un-peacekeepers-forgotten-children-in-cambodia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Katikati ya miaka ya [[1990]], Sopheap aliwahi kuwa afisa wa Wizara ya Habari. Baadaye, alifanya kazi na mashirika ya ndani na kimataifa kama mratibu wa mradi, mtafiti, na mkalimani. '''Jinsia na Maendeleo Kambodia''' Mnamo [[1995]], Sopheap alifanya kazi kama msaidizi wa utafiti wa mradi wa unyanyasaji wa nyumbani, <ref name="Boell">{{cite web |last1=Vicheika |first1=Kann |title=Civil society voices on the fight against gender based violence in Cambodia |url=https://www.boell.de/en/2021/10/15/civil-society-voices-fight-against-gender-based-violence-cambodia |publisher=Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung |language=en |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154442/https://www.boell.de/en/2021/10/15/civil-society-voices-fight-against-gender-based-violence-cambodia |url-status=live }}</ref> mradi wa kwanza wa aina yake nchini Kambodia. Alipendezwa na mizizi ya unyanyasaji wa kijinsia wakati wa mradi huo. Kulingana na Sopheap, "Nilitumia miezi sita na wanakijiji katika majimbo sita kuchunguza unyanyasaji wa nyumbani. Nilianza kuelewa zaidi kuhusu unyanyasaji wa nyumbani na kusikia hadithi [za wanawake]." Kuanzia mwaka wa [[1997]], alitumia miaka mitatu kama mratibu wa mafunzo ya jinsia akiwa na Jinsia na Maendeleo Kambodia (GADC), kisha mpango wa nusu uhuru wa Kamati ya Ushirikiano ya Kambodia. Sopheap alianzisha GADC kama shirika lisilo la kiserikali la ndani (NGO) huko [[Phnom Penh]] mapema mwaka wa [[2000]]. <ref name="VOA">{{cite news |last1=Socheata |first1=Hean |last2=Khan |first2=Sokummono |title=Gender Equality Advocate Retires, Paves Way for Second Wave of Activism |url=https://www.voacambodia.com/a/gender-equality-advocate-retires-paves-way-for-second-wave-of-activism/6013880.html |work=VOA |date=24 August 2021 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154442/https://www.voacambodia.com/a/gender-equality-advocate-retires-paves-way-for-second-wave-of-activism/6013880.html |url-status=live }}</ref> GADC inafanya kazi ya kuzuia unyanyasaji wa majumbani dhidi ya wanawake na kukuza wanawake katika nafasi za uongozi, haswa wanawake vijana. Pamoja na kampeni zake za uhamasishaji kuhusu usawa wa kijinsia na haki za wanawake, shirika hutoa usaidizi wa kisheria na elimu. Wakati wa uongozi wake kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa GADC, Sopheap amekuwa kitovu cha vuguvugu la haki za wanawake la Kambodia.<ref name="TCD">{{cite news |last1=Kohlbacher |first1=Sonia |title=Undaunted by Obstacles, Women Across Generations Seek Change |url=https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/undaunted-by-obstacles-women-across-generations-seek-change-126258/ |work=The Cambodia Daily |date=8 March 2017 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=17 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317130322/https://english.cambodiadaily.com/news/undaunted-by-obstacles-women-across-generations-seek-change-126258/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo [[2014]], GADC ilifanya tukio la baiskeli dhidi ya unyanyasaji wa nyumbani kama sehemu ya kampeni ya kimataifa ya Kupanda Bilioni Moja. Tukio hilo lilivunjwa na polisi na walinzi wa kibinafsi. Sopheap alisema katika kujibu "jibu la serikali asubuhi ya leo halionyeshi dhamira ambayo serikali zilitangaza katika [Mkataba] wa Kutokomeza Aina zote za Ubaguzi dhidi ya Wanawake (CEDAW), tamko la Kimataifa la Haki za Kibinadamu na [katiba] ya Cambodia. na Pursat. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Brickell |first1=Katherine |title=Home SOS: Gender, Violence, and Survival in Crisis Ordinary Cambodia |date=2020 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-118-89832-1 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rIvgDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Ros%20Sopheap%22&pg=PA121 |language=en}}</ref> GADC pia ilianzisha vikundi vya kusaidia wanawake vilivyoitwa Gender Cafes katika majimbo mbalimbali.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Sen David |title=Battling violence against women and children |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/553689/battling-violence-against-women-and-children/ |work=Khmer Times |date=27 November 2018}}</ref> Kupitia GADC, Sopheap ilifanya kazi kuzindua mradi uliobuniwa kuboresha uhuru wa kiuchumi wa wanawake, Uwezeshaji wa Wanawake kupitia Miradi Midogo ya Uwezeshaji Kiuchumi huko Kampong Chhnang, Prey Veng, na Pursat, kwa kutumia mfumo wa kujifunza jinsia wa Oxfam. <ref>{{cite web |title=Perspectives: Women's Economic Empowerment and Gender Justice |url=https://cambodia.oxfam.org/Ros-Sopheap-PineehPinooh3 |publisher=Oxfam |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322135730/https://cambodia.oxfam.org/Ros-Sopheap-PineehPinooh3 |archive-date=22 March 2020}}</ref> Sopheap alistaafu kutoka wadhifa wake kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa GADC mnamo 2021. Kamati ya Kukuza Wanawake katika Siasa na Mashirika Yasiyo ya Kiserikali Sopheap aliwahi kuwa rais wa Kamati ya Kukuza Wanawake katika Siasa <ref>{{cite news |last1=Channyda |first1=Chhay |title=Number of women in politics back in focus |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/number-women-politics-back-focus |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=26 December 2013 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215155945/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/number-women-politics-back-focus |url-status=live }}</ref> na alifanya kazi na mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali ya Khemara na CARE.<ref>{{cite web |title=Board Members |url=http://banteaysrei.info/about-banteay-srei/board/ |publisher=Banteay Srei |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154440/http://banteaysrei.info/about-banteay-srei/board/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''Utetezi wa haki za wanawake''' Sopheap ni mtetezi mkuu wa haki za wanawake na mara nyingi ananukuliwa na waandishi wa habari wakiandika kuhusu masuala ya wanawake nchini Kambodia. .<ref>{{cite web |title=3 feminist sHEROes driving the women's movement across Asia Pacific |url=https://iwda.org.au/3-feminist-sheroes-driving-the-womens-movement-across-asia-pacific/ |publisher=International Women's Development Agency |language=en-AU |date=28 July 2017 |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331073802/https://iwda.org.au/3-feminist-sheroes-driving-the-womens-movement-across-asia-pacific/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ametoa wito wa ufadhili zaidi wa kiserikali wa huduma kwa waathiriwa wa unyanyasaji wa kijinsia<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chheng |first1=Niem |title=Domestic violence campaign starts |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/domestic-violence-campaign-starts |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=26 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=22 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322115202/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/domestic-violence-campaign-starts |url-status=live }}</ref> na ulinzi wa kisheria kwa waathirika wa unyanyasaji wa nyumbani. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Woodside |first1=Amelia |last2=David |first2=Sen |title=Finances tie victims to abusers |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/finances-tie-victims-abusers |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=22 January 2014 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215155950/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/finances-tie-victims-abusers |url-status=live }}</ref> Alipendekeza kupigwa marufuku kwa tasnia ya urithi wa kibiashara nchini Kambodia<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crothers |first1=Lauren |title=Cambodian surrogacy crackdown: move to reassure pregnant women and families |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/cambodian-surrogacy-crackdown-move-to-reassure-pregnant-women-and-families |work=The Guardian |date=23 November 2016 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154437/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/cambodian-surrogacy-crackdown-move-to-reassure-pregnant-women-and-families |url-status=live }}</ref> na alizungumza dhidi ya kufungwa jela kwa akina mama wajawazito.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kijewski |first1=Leonie |title=UN Reiterates Call to Abolish Criminalization of Surrogates |url=https://www.voacambodia.com/a/UN-reiterates-call-to-abolish-criminalization-of-surrogates/5164651.html |work=VOA |date=14 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154440/https://www.voacambodia.com/a/UN-reiterates-call-to-abolish-criminalization-of-surrogates/5164651.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Ametetea haki za wanawake wanaofanya kazi kunyonyesha, <ref>{{cite news |last1=Kijewski |first1=Leonie |title=UN Reiterates Call to Abolish Criminalization of Surrogates |url=https://www.voacambodia.com/a/UN-reiterates-call-to-abolish-criminalization-of-surrogates/5164651.html |work=VOA |date=14 November 2019 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154440/https://www.voacambodia.com/a/UN-reiterates-call-to-abolish-criminalization-of-surrogates/5164651.html |url-status=live }}</ref>na kuhusisha kuenea kwa taratibu za hymenoplasty nchini Kambodia na matarajio ya kitamaduni kwamba wanawake wawe mabikira.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilson |first1=Audrey |last2=Muong |first2=Vandy |title=Cambodia's private virginity industrial complex |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/post-weekend/cambodias-private-virginity-industrial-complex |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=6 February 2016 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403075221/http://www.phnompenhpost.com/post-weekend/cambodias-private-virginity-industrial-complex |url-status=live }}</ref> Sopheap ametoa wito wa kuchukuliwa hatua katika kushughulikia tofauti za kijinsia katika fursa za elimu<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marazzi Sassoon |first1=Alessandro |title=Gender divide in schools still wide |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/gender-divide-schools-still-wide |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=7 March 2016 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215155944/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/gender-divide-schools-still-wide |url-status=live }}</ref> na kuzuia wahusika wa mashambulizi ya asidi kutokana na kupata vitu hatari.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chheng |first1=Niem |last2=H |first2=Erin |title=Woman charged in fatal acid attack |url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/woman-charged-fatal-acid-attack |work=Phnom Penh Post |date=22 April 2018 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215155940/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/woman-charged-fatal-acid-attack |url-status=live }}</ref> Alipigana dhidi ya sheria iliyopendekezwa ya kudhibiti NGOs mwaka wa 2015. <ref>{{cite news |last1=Reaksmey |first1=Hul |title=Constitutional Council, Rescue Party To Meet Over Draft NGO Law |url=https://www.voacambodia.com/a/constitutional-council-rescue-party-to-meet-over-draft-ngo-law/2913537.html |work=VOA |date=11 August 2015 |language=en |access-date=15 December 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215154440/https://www.voacambodia.com/a/constitutional-council-rescue-party-to-meet-over-draft-ngo-law/2913537.html |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Kamboja]] pq9j2in0ys0yr7f9a6ocvuo7prf9d70 0 205190 1613920 1574299 2026-11-05T18:37:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Pierre Mailloux''' (kwa Kifaransa: [pjɛʁ maju]; anajulikana zaidi kama ''Doc Mailloux'' au ''Docteur Mailloux''; [[Januari 14]], [[1949]] – [[Januari 12]], 2024) alikuwa daktari wa [[magonjwa]] ya [[akili]] wa Kanada na mtangazaji wa redio aliyegubikwa na [[utata]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Le Doc Mailloux s'éteint à 74 ans |url=https://www.lenouvelliste.ca/actualites/actualites-locales/2024/01/12/le-doc-mailloux-seteint-a-74-ans-4CFDHRAAS5ASTADFUDGYFHU7IM/ |access-date=12 January 2024 |publisher=Le Nouvelliste |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=12 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240112170009/https://www.lenouvelliste.ca/actualites/actualites-locales/2024/01/12/le-doc-mailloux-seteint-a-74-ans-4CFDHRAAS5ASTADFUDGYFHU7IM/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Le Doc Mailloux s'éteint à 74 ans |url=https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/2024-01-12/le-doc-mailloux-s-eteint-a-74-ans.php |access-date=13 January 2024 |publisher=La Presse |date=12 January 2024 |archive-date=13 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113003308/https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/2024-01-12/le-doc-mailloux-s-eteint-a-74-ans.php |url-status=live }}</ref> Alizaliwa huko Normandin katika eneo la Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean, Quebec. Alisomea tiba katika ''Université Laval'', Quebec City, na alihitimu masomo ya magonjwa ya akili katika ''McGill University'', Montreal. == Wasifu == Mnamo [[1975]], baada ya kuhudumu kama daktari wa [[magonjwa]] ya akili kwa Jeshi la Kanada, alianza kufanya kazi na watu waliopatikana na makosa ya unyanyasaji na kushiriki katika kesi nyingi kama mtaalamu wa afya ya akili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.patreon.com/doc|title=Doc Mailloux et Josey is creating un balado ligne ouverte|access-date=2021-06-01|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213836/https://www.patreon.com/doc|url-status=live}}</ref> Mailloux alihusishwa na kesi ya Denis Lortie. Kwa mujibu wa Mailloux, Lortie alikuwa na ''paranoid schizophrenia'' na alipanga uhalifu wake wakati wa kipindi cha ugonjwa wa akili, akiamini kuwa alikuwa akitekeleza maagizo kutoka kwa Mungu. Hata hivyo, mnamo [[1985]], Lortie alihukumiwa kwa kosa la mauaji ya daraja la kwanza, lakini kesi mpya ikaamriwa kutokana na makosa ya kisheria. Mnamo [[1987]], alikiri kosa la mauaji ya daraja la pili.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fm93.com/animateurs/doc-mailloux|title=Doc Mailloux|access-date=2021-06-01|archive-date=2021-06-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214730/https://www.fm93.com/animateurs/doc-mailloux|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baadaye, Mailloux aliendelea na kazi yake ya utabibu katika eneo la Trois-Rivières na maeneo jirani. Mnamo [[Januari 12]], [[2024]], Mailloux alisaidiwa kujiua huko Trois-Rivières baada ya kupata matatizo yasiyojulikana kutokana na maambukizi ya figo. Alikuwa na umri wa miaka 74.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20051206135816/http://www.lcn.canoe.com/infos/faitsdivers/archives/2002/04/20020425-221727.html Le Dr Pierre Mailloux et le Collège des médecins s'entendent]. [[Le Canal Nouvelles]], April 25, 2002.</ref> == Kazi za Utangazaji == Mwaka [[1995]], Mailloux alianza kazi ya utangazaji katika kituo cha [[redio]] cha CKAC kilichopo Montreal, akishirikiana na [[mtangazaji]] mwenzake Janine Ross. Miaka ilivyopita, jina la kipindi chake kwenye [[mtandao]] wa ''Radiomédia'' lilibadilika kutoka ''Un psy à l'écoute'' hadi ''Deux psy à l'écoute'', kisha ''Doc Mailloux''. Hata hivyo, mnamo [[2007]], CKAC kilibadilishwa kuwa kituo cha michezo, na kipindi chake kikafutwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.corusnouvelles.com/nouvelle-station_corus_porte_defense-75622-2.html |title=Corus Nouvelles // National - Une station Corus se porte à la défense de Pierre Mailloux |access-date=2007-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070301030804/http://www.corusnouvelles.com/nouvelle-station_corus_porte_defense-75622-2.html |archive-date=2007-03-01 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.canoe.com/divertissement/tele-medias/nouvelles/2007/03/20/3789504-jdm.html |title=Les francs-tireurs - Topo de Mailloux retiré, Martineau outré &#124; Nouvelles &#124; Télé & médias &#124; Canoë |access-date=2007-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070324035405/http://www.canoe.com/divertissement/tele-medias/nouvelles/2007/03/20/3789504-jdm.html |archive-date=2007-03-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baadaye, alijiunga na kituo cha redio ''Radio X'' cha Quebec City na hatimaye akaendesha kipindi cha ''Doc Mailloux et Josey'' kwenye ''Patreon''. Pia alionekana mara kwa mara kama mchambuzi wa masuala ya afya ya akili katika kituo cha ''CJMF-FM'' kilichopo Quebec City.<ref>[http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/decisions/2005/050330.htm CKAC-AM re an episode of Doc Mailloux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061024101102/http://www.cbsc.ca/english/decisions/decisions/2005/050330.htm|date=2006-10-24}}. [[Canadian Broadcast Standards Council]].</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2005/db2005-258.htm |title=CRTC Decision 2005-258 |access-date=2005-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211031030/http://www.crtc.gc.ca/archive/ENG/Decisions/2005/db2005-258.htm |archive-date=2006-02-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Vitabu == Mailloux alikuwa mwandishi wa vitabu kadhaa, vikiwemo: # ''Pour la castration volontaire des pédophiles'' ([[2001]], <nowiki>ISBN 2-89005-761-5</nowiki>) # ''Au secours des femmes'' ([[2001]], <nowiki>ISBN 2-7640-0552-0</nowiki>) # ''Pour l'amour des enfants : Non aux châtiments corporels!'' ([[2002]], <nowiki>ISBN 2-922572-98-6</nowiki>) # ''Pour élever ses enfants : Prière de ne pas les rabaisser...'' ([[2006]], <nowiki>ISBN 2-89562-107-1</nowiki>) == Madai na Matamshi Yenye Utata == Mailloux alikuwa mashuhuri kwa matamshi yake yenye utata alipokuwa hewani. Mnamo 2002, ''Collège des médecins'' ilimkemea rasmi kwa kufanya utambuzi wa kitabibu moja kwa moja kwenye redio, kutoa maoni yaliyochukuliwa kuwa "yasiyostahili daktari," pamoja na kusambaza taarifa zisizo sahihi kuhusu dawa fulani. Mailloux alizungumzia mara kwa mara mada kama: * Kuhasi kwa hiari wale wanaopatikana na hatia ya unyanyasaji wa watoto. * Unyanyasaji wa [[watoto]] na insesti. * Ukosoaji wa harakati za kifeministi. Alikuwa mtaalamu wa magonjwa ya akili wa ''Loft Story'', toleo la Quebec la kipindi halisi cha televisheni, ambapo alitoa maoni yaliyoibua malalamiko kutoka kwa wazazi wa mmoja wa washiriki baada ya kuchambua tabia yake. == Malalamiko ya Ubaguzi == Mnamo [[Februari 10]], [[2005]], ''Quebec Regional Panel'' ya ''Canadian Broadcast Standards Council'' (CBSC) ilipokea malalamiko kutoka kwa msikilizaji kuhusu matamshi ya Mailloux. Ilibaini kuwa alikuwa ametamka "maneno ya kibaguzi yaliyolenga kikundi mahususi" alipokuwa akizungumza kuhusu uhamiaji. Alirejelea jamii ya ''Sikh'' kama "kikundi cha wapuuzi" (kwa tafsiri isiyo rasmi). CBSC ilihitimisha kuwa Mailloux na kituo cha redio walikuwa wamekiuka kifungu cha haki za binadamu cha ''Canadian Association of Broadcasters Code of Ethics.''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20070927/CPACTUALITES/70927016/-1/CPACTUALITES |title=Doc Mailloux : le Saguenay est peupl par un grand nombre de tar s {{!}} Actualit s {{!}} Cyberpresse |website=www.cyberpresse.ca |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005005009/http://www.cyberpresse.ca/article/20070927/CPACTUALITES/70927016/-1/CPACTUALITES |archive-date=2007-10-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 9lwkzeds2samccc3qrzyga03jg07xcc 0 205197 1613879 1574715 2026-11-05T17:48:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''María Natalia Lafourcade Silva''' (alizaliwa [[Mexico City]], [[26 Februari]] [[1984]]) ni mwanamuziki wa [[Meksiko]]. == Maisha ya Awali == Alikulia Coatepec, Veracruz, katika [[mazingira]] yaliyojaa sanaa na [[muziki]]. Baba yake, Gastón Lafourcade, ni [[mwanamuziki]] mwenye asili ya Chile, huku mama yake, María del Carmen Silva Contreras, akiwa mpiga [[kinanda]] maarufu. Ami yake, Enrique Lafourcade, alikuwa [[mwandishi]] mashuhuri wa Chile na sehemu ya "Kizazi cha miaka ya [[1950]]".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-03-13 |title=Coatepec, así es el pueblo mágico que vio crecer a Natalia Laforucade |url=https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estilo-de-vida/2021/3/13/coatepec-asi-es-el-pueblo-magico-que-vio-crecer-natalia-laforucade-269353.html |access-date=2023-11-26 |website=El Heraldo de México |language=es |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313192506/https://heraldodemexico.com.mx/estilo-de-vida/2021/3/13/coatepec-asi-es-el-pueblo-magico-que-vio-crecer-natalia-laforucade-269353.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Utoto]] wake ulijaa mafunzo ya [[muziki]] chini ya mwongozo wa [[mama]] yake. Alipenda kuiga wasanii kama Gloria Trevi na Garibaldi, na baadaye akavutiwa na Fiona Apple, Björk, Café Tacvba, Ely Guerra, na Julieta Venegas. Mama yake alikuwa mtaalamu wa piano na mwasisi wa ''Macarsi Method'', mbinu ya kufundisha muziki kwa [[watoto]] na walimu. Kwa kutumia mbinu hii, alimsaidia Lafourcade kupitia tiba ya muziki baada ya kujeruhiwa kichwani kwa kupigwa teke na farasi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=26 April 2010|title=Natalia Lafourcade – En el 2000 ((2da Version) (Video))|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xqr-Ku5EaGE |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/Xqr-Ku5EaGE| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|website=YouTube.com|quote=Natalia Lafourcade se dio a conocer en el 2002 con su disco debut en donde se encuentran éxitos como Busca Un Problema, En El 2000}}{{cbignore}}</ref>ref name="Navarro">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Navarro |first=Fernando |date=2023-05-17 |title=Natalia Lafourcade, Mexican singer: 'Reggaeton must have something that I just don't understand' |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-05-16/natalia-lafourcade-mexican-singer-reggaeton-must-have-something-that-i-just-dont-understand.html |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=EL PAÍS English |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/es-mx/noticias/other/natalia-lafourcade-de-luna-de-miel-deja-ver-a-su-esposo-tras-dos-a%C3%B1os-casada-qui%C3%A9n-es-el-afortunado/ar-AA1hqgFN?ocid=UCPNC2&apiversion=v2&noservercache=1&domshim=1&renderwebcomponents=1&wcseo=1&batchservertelemetry=1&noservertelemetry=1 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Bouchot |first=Andrea |date=2022-02-24 |title=Natalia Lafourcade: Ellas son sus hermanas Andrea y Catherine |url=https://www.chicmagazine.com.mx/personajes/natalia-lafourcade-ellas-son-hermanas-andrea-catherine |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=CHICMagazine |language=es}}</ref> Lafourcade alisoma katika ''Instituto Anglo Español'', shule ya Kikatoliki ya sekondari, ambako alijifunza uchoraji, [[filimbi]], [[uigizaji]], [[muziki]], piano, gitaa, saxophone, na uimbaji. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 10, alianza kuimba katika kundi la mariachi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taringa.net/posts/arte/15073201/Sopranos-Mezzosopranos-y-Contraltos-en-la-musica-popular.html|title=Sopranos, Mezzosopranos y Contraltos en la música popular.|website=Taringa.com|access-date=30 January 2016|archive-date=4 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604073928/http://www.taringa.net/posts/arte/15073201/Sopranos-Mezzosopranos-y-Contraltos-en-la-musica-popular.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kazi == ==== 1998–2000: Miaka ya Mwanzo na Kundi la ''Twist'' ==== Mwaka [[1998]], Natalia Lafourcade alijiunga na kundi la muziki wa pop lililoitwa ''Twist'', akiwa pamoja na Tabatha Vizuet (aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa kundi la ''Jeans'') na Ana Pamela Garcés (aliyewahi kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha watoto katika TV Azteca). Hata hivyo, [[kundi]] hili halikufanikiwa na lilivunjika mwaka uliofuata. Lafourcade baadaye alikiri kuwa hakufurahia kuimba kwa ''lip sync'' (kuigiza kuimba bila sauti halisi), jambo lililomfanya aanze kutafuta njia mbadala za kujenga kazi yake ya muziki.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Flores|first=Griselda|url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/natalia-lafourcade-uta-global-representation-deal/|title=Natalia Lafourcade Signs With UTA for Worldwide Representation In All Areas|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=11 June 2024|access-date=16 September 2024}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza shule ya sekondari, alijiunga na ''Academia de Música Fermatta'', ambako alikutana na wasanii wengine kama Ximena Sariñana, Juan Manuel Torreblanca, na Alonso Cortés, ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa mpiga ngoma wa kundi lake, ''La Forquetina''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cmtv.com.ar/biografia/show.php?bnid=168&banda=Natalia_LaFourcade|title=Biografía Natalia Lafourcade|access-date=10 September 2024}}</ref> Mwaka [[2000]], mtayarishaji wa muziki Loris Ceroni alisikiliza demo za Lafourcade na alipofikisha umri wa miaka 17, alimpa nafasi ya kuwa katika kundi la muziki wa pop/rock chini ya usimamizi wake. Hata hivyo, Lafourcade alikuwa na shaka juu ya wazo hilo, na Ceroni alimsihi afuate njia ya kujitegemea. Baadaye, aliandaa albamu yake ya kwanza chini ya lebo ya ''Sony Music'', iliyorekodiwa nchini [[Italia]] na kuandikwa kwa kushirikiana na Áureo Baqueiro. Katika safari yake ya kwanza ya kimuziki, alitumbuiza katika mji wa Dolores Hidalgo, ambapo alizidi kupata umaarufu nchini Mexico.<ref name="AllMusic">{{cite web|last=Jurek|first=Thom|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/natalia-lafourcade-mn0000859026/biography|title=Natalia Lafourcade Biography|website=[[AllMusic]]|access-date=29 January 2024|archive-date=26 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426031347/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/natalia-lafourcade-mn0000859026/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> ==== 2002–2004: Albamu ya Kwanza na Umaarufu ==== Mwezi Juni [[2002]], Lafourcade alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza iliyopewa jina lake, ''Natalia Lafourcade'', iliyochanganya mitindo ya pop, rock, ''bossa nova'', na midundo ya Kilatini. Nyimbo zilizopata umaarufu zaidi katika albamu hiyo ni ''"Busca un Problema"'', ''"En el 2000"'', ''"Te Quiero Dar"'', na ''"Mírame, Mírate"''. Wakati huo, alishiriki katika utayarishaji wa muziki wa filamu ya ''Amarte Duele'', akirekodi wimbo wake mkuu ''"Amarte Duele"'', pamoja na toleo lake la ''acoustic'', huku nyimbo zake tatu kutoka albamu yake ya kwanza (''"Busca un Problema"'', ''"En el 2000"'', na ''"El Destino"'') zikiwemo kwenye ''soundtrack'' ya filamu hiyo. Pia, alirekodi ''duet'' na León Larregui kwa wimbo ''"Llevarte a Marte"'' na kuchangia wimbo ''"Un Pato"'' kwa filamu ''Temporada de Patos''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|title=Substance over style|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070325/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mwaka [[2004]], alipata uteuzi wa ''Latin Grammy'' katika kipengele cha Msanii Mpya Bora kutokana na albamu yake ya kwanza. Pia, aliteuliwa kwenye Tuzo za ''Lo Nuestro'' katika kipengele cha [[Msanii]] Mpya wa Rock, ingawa alishindwa na Alessandra Rosaldo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last1=Godoy Gallardo|first1=Eduardo|last2=Peña|first2=Haydée Ahumada|date=13 December 2012|title=The 50s Generation: Key Moment in Chilean Literature (Discussion Around Two Short-Stories Anthologies: 1954–1959)|url=http://analesliteraturachilena.letras.uc.cl/images/N18/Eduardo-Godoy-Gallardo-y-Haydee-Ahumada-Pena-La-Generacion-del-50-momento-clave-en-la-literatura-chilena.pdf|access-date=13 December 2020|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308115159/http://analesliteraturachilena.letras.uc.cl/images/N18/Eduardo-Godoy-Gallardo-y-Haydee-Ahumada-Pena-La-Generacion-del-50-momento-clave-en-la-literatura-chilena.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza ziara yake ya kwanza ya [[muziki]], Lafourcade aliacha kuimba kama msanii wa kujitegemea na akaanza kufanya kazi na bendi yake, ''Natalia y la Forquetina'', ambayo ilihusisha Alonso Cortés, César Chanona, na Yunuén Viveros.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|title=Substance over style|website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=31 August 2003 |access-date=23 November 2019|archive-date=23 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123070325/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-31-ca-aguistin31-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Twist|url=http://lafourcadefanclub.com/sitio/ella-es/proyectos-musicales/twist/|website=Lafourcade Fan Club|access-date=14 December 2020|archive-date=26 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226115531/http://lafourcadefanclub.com/sitio/ella-es/proyectos-musicales/twist/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="univision-lonuestro-2004">{{cite news|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040114_es_1003388_generatedID/es/|title=Ricky Martin, Shakira, Thalía, Ricardo Arjona, Pepe Aguilar Y Vicente Fernández entre las superestrellas nominadas para el Premio lo Nuestro 2004|work=[[Univision]]|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|date=14 January 2004|access-date=27 September 2013|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015002656/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040114_es_1003388_generatedID/es/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lo Nuestro-Winners-2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040227_es_1003539_generatedID/es/#.UxuKPH-wXYE|title=Marc Anthony y Marco Antonio Solís entre los Grandes Ganadores del 'Premio Lo Nuestro a la Música Latina'|work=[[Univision]]|publisher=[[Business Wire]]|language=es|date=27 February 2004|access-date=8 March 2014|archive-date=8 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308213124/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20040227_es_1003539_generatedID/es/#.UxuKPH-wXYE|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-09-03 |title=For Natalia Lafourcade, playing the Hollywood Bowl again is the next step in her storied journey |url=https://www.latimes.com/delos/story/2024-09-03/natalia-lafourcade-hollywood-bowl-los-angeles-philharmonic-gustavo-dudamel-de-todas-las-flores |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Morales|first=Ed|title=Allow Natalia Lafourcade to Reintroduce Herself|work=[[New York Times]]|date=25 October 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/25/arts/music/natalia-lafourcade-de-todas-las-flores.html|access-date=29 October 2022|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029221048/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/25/arts/music/natalia-lafourcade-de-todas-las-flores.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Meksiko]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 40jzhzrfwvny893zqph09o4ec7qxl89 0 205260 1613938 1524219 2026-11-05T18:53:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Rebecca Walker''' (alizaliwa '''Rebecca Leventhal'''; [[Novemba 17]], [[1969]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kimarekani]], [[mwanafeministi]], na [[mwanaharakati]]. Walker amechukuliwa kuwa moja ya sauti za wazi za Ufeministi wa Wimbi la Tatu, na mvumbuzi wa istilahi "wimbi la tatu", tangu alipochapisha makala ya [[1992]] kuhusu ufeministi katika jarida la Ms. iitwayo "Kuwa Wimbi la Tatu", ambapo alitangaza: "Mimi ni Wimbi la Tatu."<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html |title=HeathenGrrl's Blog: Becoming the Third Wave by Rebecca Walker<!-- Bot generated title --> |date=February 28, 2007 |access-date=December 6, 2011 |archive-date=April 4, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404030632/http://heathengrrl.blogspot.com/2007/02/becoming-third-wave-by-rebecca-walker.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/rebecca-walker/anita-hill_b_1031311.html|title=Anita Hill Woke Us Up|last=Walker|first=Rebecca|date=October 27, 2011|website=HuffPost|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=March 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125109/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anita-hill_b_1031311|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=About>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/about|title=About|website=rebeccawalker.com|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=July 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704055828/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/about|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Rosenbloom>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html|title=Alice Walker – Rebecca Walker – Feminist – Feminist Movement – Children|last=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=March 18, 2007|work=The New York Times|access-date=April 19, 2017|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=April 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144102/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Uandishi, ufundishaji, na hotuba za Walker zinazingatia rangi, jinsia, siasa, nguvu, na utamaduni. Katika kazi yake ya uanaharakati, alisaidia kuanzisha Mfuko wa Wimbi la Tatu ambao baadaye ulibadilika na kuwa [[Wakfu]] wa [[Wimbi]] la Tatu, ambayo ni shirika linalowasaidia wanawake wachanga wa rangi, wale wa jinsia tofauti, waliobadilika jinsia, na watu wa jinsia mbili kwa kuwapa zana na rasilimali wanazohitaji ili wawe [[viongozi]] katika jamii zao kupitia uanaharakati na uhisani.<ref name=Speaking>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/speaking-engagements|title=Speaking|website=rebeccawalker.com|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=July 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170720182419/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/speaking-engagements|url-status=dead}}</ref> Walker hufanya uandishi wa kina na kuzungumza kuhusu jinsia, haki za rangi, kiuchumi, na kijamii katika vyuo vikuu kote Marekani na kimataifa. Mnamo [[1994]], jarida la Time lilimtaja Walker kama mmoja wa viongozi 50 wa baadaye wa Amerika. Kazi zake zimechapishwa katika machapisho kama vile The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, Salon, Glamour, na Essence na zimeonyeshwa kwenye CNN na MTV.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti| last = Miller| first = Zeke J.| author2 = Lily Rothman| title = What Happened to the 'Future Leaders' of the 1990s?| newspaper = Time| date = December 5, 2014| url = https://time.com/3618532/future-leaders-of-the-1990s/| access-date = August 17, 2015| archive-date = March 31, 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125108/http://time.com/3618532/future-leaders-of-the-1990s/| url-status = live}}</ref> == Maisha na Elimu == Alizaliwa Rebecca Leventhal mwaka wa [[1969]] huko Jackson, Mississippi, ni binti ya Alice Walker, mwandishi wa Kiafrika-Amerika ambaye kazi zake zinajumuisha *The Color Purple*, na Melvyn R. Leventhal, wakili wa haki za kiraia wa Kiyahudi wa Marekani. Wazazi wake walifunga ndoa huko New York kabla ya kwenda Mississippi kufanya kazi katika harakati za haki za kiraia. Baada ya wazazi wake kutalikiana mwaka wa [[1976]], Walker alitumia utoto wake akibadilishana kila miaka miwili kati ya nyumba ya baba yake katika eneo la Riverdale lenye Wayahudi wengi huko Bronx, Jiji la [[New York]], na mazingira ya mama yake yenye Waafrika-Wamarekani wengi huko San Francisco. Walker alisoma katika Shule ya Mjini ya [[San Francisco]].<ref name=FullBiography>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/biography-3|title=Full Biography|website=rebeccawalker.com|access-date=April 19, 2017|archive-date=November 20, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120193612/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/biography-3|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Walker1">{{cite news|last=Ross|first=Ross|title=Rebecca Walker bringing message to Expo|work=Pensacola News Journal|date=April 8, 2007|url=http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070408/NEWS01/704080331/1005|access-date=April 8, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705223230/http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20070408%2FNEWS01%2F704080331%2F1005|archive-date=July 5, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=December 22, 2020 |title=Season's Greeting from All of Us at Urban |url=https://www.urbanschool.org/cf_enotify/view.cfm?n=4487 |access-date=July 11, 2022 |series=Blues Notes |publisher=Urban School Alumni Association}}</ref> Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 15, aliamua kubadilisha jina lake la ukoo kutoka Leventhal hadi Walker, jina la ukoo la mama yake. Baada ya shule ya upili, alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Yale]], ambapo alihitimu ''cum laude'' mwaka wa [[1992]]. Walker anajitambulisha kama Myahudi, Mzungu, na Mweusi; kitabu chake cha kumbukumbu cha mwaka [[2000]] kina jina ''Black, White, and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self''. == Uwanaharakati == Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Yale, yeye na Shannon Liss (sasa Shannon Liss-Riordan) walianzisha Mfuko wa [[Wimbi]] la Tatu, shirika lisilo la faida lililolenga kuwahimiza wanawake wachanga kushiriki katika uanaharakati na nafasi za [[uongozi]]. Dhamira ya awali ya shirika, kulingana na makala ya Walker, ilikuwa "kujaza pengo katika uongozi wa wanawake wachanga na kuhamasisha vijana kushiriki zaidi kijamii na kisiasa katika jamii zao." Katika mwaka wake wa kwanza, shirika hilo lilianzisha kampeni ambayo ilisajili wapiga kura wapya zaidi ya 20,000 kote Marekani. Shirika hilo sasa linatoa ruzuku kwa watu binafsi na miradi inayowasaidia wanawake wachanga. Mfuko huo ulibadilishwa na kuwa Wakfu wa Wimbi la Tatu mwaka wa [[1997]] na unaendelea kusaidia wanaharakati wachanga. Baada ya [[uchaguzi]] wa rais wa [[Marekani]] wa Novemba [[2016]], shirika hilo lilipokea maombi ya ruzuku za dharura zaidi ya mara nne ya idadi ya kawaida.<ref name="NYT">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=March 18, 2007|title=Evolution of a Feminist Daughter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214231451/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/18/fashion/18walker.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all|archive-date=February 14, 2017|access-date=April 7, 2011|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Walker anaona ufundishaji kama njia ya kuwapa watu nguvu za kusema ukweli, kubadilisha mitazamo, na kuwawezesha watu na uwezo wa kubadilisha ulimwengu. Anahadhiri juu ya uandishi wa kumbukumbu, [[ufeministi]] wa vizazi vingi, utofauti katika [[vyombo vya habari]], utambulisho wa rangi nyingi, sanaa za kuona za kisasa, na [[tamaduni]] zinazoibuka.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Walker|first=Rebecca|title=Black, White, and Jewish: Autiobiography of a Shifting Self|url=https://archive.org/details/blackwhitejewish0000walk|publisher=Riverhead Books|year=2000|isbn=9781573221696}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://nyunews.com/2016/04/21/third-wave-feminism/|title=Third-Wave Feminism|last=Bazeley|first=Alex|date=April 21, 2016|website=Washington Square News|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=March 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125111/https://nyunews.com/2016/04/21/third-wave-feminism/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thirdwavefoundation.org/about-us/history/ History] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007020253/http://www.thirdwavefoundation.org/about-us/history/ |date=October 7, 2012 }}, Third Wave Foundation. Retrieved May 7, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://thirdwavefund.org/index.html|title=Welcome to Third Wave Fund!|website=Third Wave Fund|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=March 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331125114/http://thirdwavefund.org/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://beingfeministblog.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/todays-feminism-a-brief-look-at-third-wave-feminism/|title=Today's Feminism: A Brief Look at Third-Wave Feminism|last=Fisher|first=J. A.|date=May 16, 2013|website=Being Feminist|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=July 9, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709232520/https://beingfeministblog.wordpress.com/2013/05/16/todays-feminism-a-brief-look-at-third-wave-feminism/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rebeccawalker.com/work/to-be-real|title=To Be Real|website=rebeccawalker.com|access-date=April 20, 2017|archive-date=March 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327235933/http://www.rebeccawalker.com/work/to-be-real|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.lsu.edu/hss/wgs/files/newsletterspr2005.pdf|website=lsu.edu|access-date=December 19, 2018|title=Archived copy|archive-date=July 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721212328/http://www.lsu.edu/hss/wgs/files/newsletterspr2005.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 1kh9zq6r427p6lykadao3bq3dicmbbu 0 205553 1613878 1521885 2026-11-05T17:47:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Nasra Ali Abukar''' alizaliwa Septemba 15, 2004) ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu wa Somalia anayejulikana kwa kushiriki katika mbio za mita 100 katika Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu ya FISU huko [[Chengdu]], China, mwaka wa 2021, ambapo alimaliza wa mwisho. Matokeo yake duni na kukosa uwezo wa riadha yalisababisha hasira ya kimataifa na mashtaka ya ukarimu wa jamaa alipogunduliwa kuwa ana uhusiano wa kifamilia na mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Riadha ya Somalia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title="Niliona Tumbo...": Hasira Juu ya Mbio za Mita 100 za Mwanariadha wa Somalia |url=https://www.ndtv.com/feature/i-saw-the-potbelly-outrage-over-somali-athletes-100-metre-sprint-4261599 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234110/https://www.ndtv.com/feature/i-saw-the-potbelly-outrage-over-somali-athletes-100-metre-sprint-4261599 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Sampson |first=Eve |date=2023-08-02 |title=Mbio za mita 100 za mwanariadha wa Somalia zasisimua maswali |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/02/somali-runner-china-slow-race/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802182650/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/08/02/somali-runner-china-slow-race/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |first= |last2= |first2= |date=2023-08-02 |title=Mwanariadha aingia kwenye mzozo baada ya kufanya mbio za mita 100 kwa kasi ya chini kabisa |url=https://nypost.com/2023/08/02/runner-at-center-of-controversy-after-posting-slowest-ever-100m/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=New York Post |language=en-US |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802184952/https://nypost.com/2023/08/02/runner-at-center-of-controversy-after-posting-slowest-ever-100m/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Somalia, Uchunguzi Uanza Baada ya Picha za Nasra Abukar Ali |url=https://ajansspor.com/haber/cinde-somalili-atlet-krizi-sorusturma-baslatildi-636155 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=ajansspor.com |language=tr |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802180730/https://ajansspor.com/haber/cinde-somalili-atlet-krizi-sorusturma-baslatildi-636155 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |title=Mwanariadha wa Somalia Anakabiliwa na Ushambulio Baada ya Utafutaji wa Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu – Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/somalian-sprinter-records-slow-performance-at-world-university-games/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804220844/https://www.okayafrica.com/somalian-sprinter-records-slow-performance-at-world-university-games/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Mata |first=William |date=2023-08-02 |title=Hasira baada ya mwanariadha wa Somalia asiyefunzwa kushiriki mbio za mita 100 katika mashindano ya riadha |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/athletics/somalia-runner-untrained-athletics-world-university-games-b1098246.html |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Evening Standard |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804131659/https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/athletics/somalia-runner-untrained-athletics-world-university-games-b1098246.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Smith |first=Benedict |date=2023-08-02 |title=Tazama: Mwanariadha wa mbio za mita 100 aleta aibu, serikali yaomba msamaha |language=en-GB |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/02/somali-sprinter-embarrassing-100m-run-nasra-abukar-ali/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |issn=0307-1235 |archive-date=Agosti 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803010948/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/02/somali-sprinter-embarrassing-100m-run-nasra-abukar-ali/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu ya FISU == [[File:Asha Adan Dahir.jpg|thumb|'''Asha Aden Dahir''' Msaidizi wa Mkuu wa Ujumbe na Daktari kutoka Hospitali ya Banadir]] Mama wa Ali Abukar ni Deka Aden Dahir, ambaye dada yake Asha Aden Dahir alikuwa msaidizi wa mkuu wa ujumbe wa Somalia katika Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu ya FISU na pia ni daktari katika Hospitali ya Banadir, huku dada yake mwingine {{Ill|Khadija Aden Dahir|qid=Q121131337}} akiwa mwenyekiti wa {{Ill|Shirikisho la Riadha la Somalia|lt=kamati ya riadha ya kitaifa|qid=Q121131560}}.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Hussein |date=2023-07-26 |title=Sherehe ya Kuaga Wachezaji wa Somalia katika Ubalozi wa China |url=https://sonna.so/en/farewell-ceremony-for-somali-athletes-at-chinese-embassy/ |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Shirika la Habari la Kitaifa la Somalia |language=en-US |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804220907/https://sonna.so/en/farewell-ceremony-for-somali-athletes-at-chinese-embassy/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=SOOLA |first=Abdinasir |title=QOYSKII QARANKA FASHILIYEY |url=https://twitter.com/AbdinasirSola/status/1686673251684982784?s=20 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Twitter |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804220932/https://twitter.com/AbdinasirSola/status/1686673251684982784?s=20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Julai 26, 2023, wakati wa toleo la habari, Ali Abukar alisema, "Leo, nina furaha kubwa kuwakilisha Somalia kama mwanariadha wa mbio za {{Sic|mita 100}}", kabla ya kwenda kwenye michezo.<ref>{{Citation |title=Mwanariadha wa Somalia Nasra Ali Abukar aelekea Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu ya FISU huko Chengdu, China | date=Julai 25, 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFPQgEAoN4I |access-date=2023-08-03 |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802230121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFPQgEAoN4I |url-status=live }}</ref> Katika video ya mbio hiyo, Ali Abukar anaonekana akiwa nyuma ya washiriki wengine wakati wanaenda kwenye mstari wa kumaliza. Alimaliza mbio hiyo kwa sekunde 21.81, takriban sekunde 10 nyuma ya kiongozi aliyemaliza kwa sekunde 11.4.<ref name="udn">{{Rejea tovuti |last=聯合新聞網 |title=Mbio za mita 100 za sekunde 21.81: Kwa nini mwanariadha wa Somalia alishiriki? |url=https://udn.com/news/story/120610/7344120 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=聯合新聞網 |language=zh-Hant-TW |archive-date=Agosti 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805065722/https://udn.com/news/story/120610/7344120 |url-status=live }}</ref> Imebainika kuwa kiwango cha kufuzu kwa timu ya wanawake ya Marekani katika mbio za mita 100 za Olimpiki ni sekunde 11.15, na wakati wa chini kabisa uliorekodiwa katika mbio za wanawake za mita 100 katika Olimpiki za 2020 ulikuwa sekunde 15.26, ambayo ni sekunde sita zaidi ya wakati wa Ali Abukar.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Brinsford |first=James |date=2023-08-02 |title=Mwanariadha wa Somalia aleta hasira kwa wakati wa chini kabisa katika mbio za mita 100 |url=https://www.newsweek.com/somalia-runner-recording-slowest-ever-100m-sparks-outrage-1816841 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=Newsweek |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802102121/https://www.newsweek.com/somalia-runner-recording-slowest-ever-100m-sparks-outrage-1816841 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-02 |title=Mwanariadha 'asiyefunzwa' kuchaguliwa kwa mbio za kitaalamu za mita 100 na kurekodi wakati wa chini kabisa |url=https://www.ladbible.com/news/sport/nasra-abukar-ali-somalia-untrained-runner-100m-video-285190-20230802 |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=LADbible |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802230127/https://www.ladbible.com/news/sport/nasra-abukar-ali-somalia-untrained-runner-100m-video-285190-20230802 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Baadhi ya vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa vimedai kuwa wakati wake wa kumaliza uliweka "rekodi ya wakati wa chini kabisa" katika historia ya mbio za wanawake za mita 100. Hata hivyo, kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa data ya kihistoria, haiwezekani kujua ikiwa hii ni kweli.<ref name="udn" /> Katika mfumo wa alama wa World Athletics, chombo cha kimataifa cha udhibiti wa riadha, alama hutolewa kulingana na utendaji, na alama ya juu kabisa ya 1,400 hutolewa kwa wanawake wanaomaliza mbio za mita 100 kwa sekunde 10.12 au chini. Wakati wa Ali Abukar wa sekunde 21.81, ingawa ni wa chini kabisa, ungepata alama 1 tu.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> ==Majibu== Video ya utendaji wa Ali Abukar ilivutia umakini mkubwa na ikaenea kwa kasi, ikizidi miongo 19.8 kwenye [[Twitter]]. Uenezi wa video hiyo ulisababisha maswali na ukosoaji, kwani wengi walijiuliza kwa nini mwanariadha asiye na uzoefu wa mbio na mwonekano wa kutokuwa tayari alichaguliwa na Wizara ya Vijana na Michezo kuwakilisha Somalia.<ref name=":3" /> Wanariadha wa mbio za masafa marefu wenye asili ya Somalia Mo Farah na Abdi Nageeye walionyesha hasira na aibu kwa Wizara ya Michezo na Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Somalia kwa kuchagua mwanariadha asiye na mafunzo badala ya mwanariadha aliyehitimu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-02 |title=Dhegeyso: Muxuu Cabdi Nageeye ka yiri tartanka oroddada ee guuldarrada ay kasoo gaartay Soomaaliya? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cw8192p2vpno |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804205817/https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/cw8192p2vpno |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |title=Mo Farah muxuu ka yirii guuldarradii Soomaaliya kala kulantay tartanka oradka ee Shiinaha? - Somali |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-66219667 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so-SO |archive-date=Julai 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731223128/https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-66219667 |url-status=live }}</ref> Maswali yaliibuka kuhusu uhalali wa kumwajibisha katika timu, ambayo ilidaiwa kuwa inahusiana na Ali Abukar kuwa mpwa wa Mwenyekiti wa Shirikisho la Riadha la Somalia Abdullahi Ahmed Tarabi na Khadija Adan Dahir, mwenyekiti wa kamati ya riadha. Hii ilisababisha mashtaka ya ukarimu wa jamaa na ufisadi wa kifedha,<ref name=":3" /> na picha zilizowasilishwa zikiashiria kuwa Adan Dahir alimpa pongezi kwa kujiunga na timu.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-02 |title=Somalia's Nasra Abukar "breaks the record for the slowest 100 m time", investigation launched |url=https://www.sportbible.com/athletics/somalia-nasra-abukar-100m-2023-world-university-games-064113-20230802 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=SPORTbible |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802230123/https://www.sportbible.com/athletics/somalia-nasra-abukar-100m-2023-world-university-games-064113-20230802 |url-status=live }}</ref> Adan Dahir alimwambia BBC Somali kuwa Ali Abukar alikuwa amefanyiwa mazoezi makini kujiandaa kwa kushiriki katika miaka miwili iliyopita. Hata hivyo, Ali Abukar alidai kuwa alikuwa amefanya mazoezi kwa mwezi mmoja tu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-07-26 |title=Maxaad ka ogtahay orodyahannada Soomaaliya ku matalaya tartanka Shiinaha ka dhacaya? |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c3geze9nqrno |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so |archive-date=Julai 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731223438/https://www.bbc.com/somali/articles/c3geze9nqrno |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Majibu== [[File:A farewell ceremony for the Somali athletes' delegation participating in the 31st Summer World University Games in Chengdu, China - 2023.jpg|thumb|Viongozi wa Wizara ya Michezo ya Somalia wakati wa sherehe ya kuaga ujumbe wao walioshiriki katika Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu ya Majira ya Joto ya 31]] Kamati ya Riadha ya Somalia ilitoa msamaha kuhusu uteuzi wa mwanariadha huyo. Waziri wa Michezo wa Somalia Mohamed Barre pia alitoa msamaha kuhusu tukio hilo,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-02 |title=Waziri wa michezo wa Somalia aomba msamaha baada ya mwanariadha wa mita 100 kuvuma kwa kasi katika michezo ya wanafunzi wa chuo kikuu |url=https://apnews.com/article/somalia-slow-runner-video-2bafeb6d93de898d9c3cb36070c285cc?utm_source=copy&utm_medium=share |access-date=2025-02-14 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> akidai kuwa wizara yake haikuwa na ufahamu kuwa Ali Abukar alichaguliwa kushiriki katika michezo hiyo,<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dickinson |first=Marley |date=2023-08-02 |title=Kamati ya Riadha ya Somalia inatoa msamaha kwa kumtuma mwanariadha asiye na mafunzo kwenye Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu |url=https://runningmagazine.ca/sections/runs-races/somalia-athletics-apologizes-for-sending-untrained-athlete-to-world-university-games/ |access-date=2024-08-02 |website=Canadian Running Magazine |language=en-US |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804175803/https://runningmagazine.ca/sections/runs-races/somalia-athletics-apologizes-for-sending-untrained-athlete-to-world-university-games/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Lee |first=Lloyd |title=Usicheke mwanariadha wa Somalia aliyemaliza wa mwisho katika mbio za mita 100 za Michezo ya Dunia ya Wanafunzi wa Chuo Kikuu. Huenda wakati wako ule. |url=https://www.insider.com/somali-runner-nasra-abukar-ali-last-world-university-games-100-2023-8 |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=Insider |language=en-US |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804205830/https://www.insider.com/somali-runner-nasra-abukar-ali-last-world-university-games-100-2023-8 |url-status=live }}</ref> na alionyesha wasiwasi wake, akisema kuwa ilikuwa "uwakilishi mbaya na aibu" kwa nchi.<ref name="apology">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-02 |title=Tazama: Mwanariadha asiye na mafunzo aenea kwa kasi kwa wakati wa chini kabisa katika mbio za mita 100, waziri wa michezo wa Somalia aomba msamaha |url=https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/watch-untrained-athlete-goes-viral-for-slow-time-in-100-meter-sprint-somalian-sports-minister-apologizes/ |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=CBSSports.com |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803000821/https://www.cbssports.com/olympics/news/watch-untrained-athlete-goes-viral-for-slow-time-in-100-meter-sprint-somalian-sports-minister-apologizes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 3, 2023, Ali Abukar alijibu ukosoaji kutoka kwa wananchi wenzake walioita "mwanariadha mbaya zaidi katika michezo ya kimataifa", akisema, "Wasomali wanastahili kuwakilishwa katika mashindano ya mbio; nilikimbia kwa mguu uliokwaruzwa, […] lakini bado niliweza kumaliza mbio hiyo."<ref>{{Citation |title=Mwanariadha wa Somalia anajibu baada ya video kuenea kwa kasi kumuita "mwanariadha mbaya zaidi" katika michezo ya kimataifa | date=Agosti 3, 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeTOqOWROHk |access-date=2023-08-04 |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804000733/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeTOqOWROHk |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2023-08-03 |title=Mwanariadha wa Somalia aliyeitwa 'mwepesi zaidi', anajibu baada ya kukosolewa |url=https://nairobinews.nation.africa/viral-somali-sprinter-named-slowest-ever-responds-after-being-criticised/ |access-date=2023-08-04 |website=Nairobi News |language=en-US |archive-date=Agosti 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804025756/https://nairobinews.nation.africa/viral-somali-sprinter-named-slowest-ever-responds-after-being-criticised/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kusimamishwa na uchunguzi Mohamed Barre aliahidi kufanya uchunguzi wa kina kuhusu mchakato wa uteuzi uliosababisha Ali Abukar kuchaguliwa.<ref name="apology" /> Baadaye alisema kuwa uchunguzi na Kamati ya Olimpiki ya Somalia ulifichua kuwa Ali Abukar hakuwa na uzoefu wa mbio au michezo yoyote.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2023-08-02 |title=Waziri wa michezo wa Somalia aomba msamaha baada ya mwanariadha wa mita 100 kuvuma kwa kasi |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/02/slowest-ever-sprinter-somalia-nasra-abukar-ali |access-date=2023-08-03 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=Agosti 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803000821/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/aug/02/slowest-ever-sprinter-somalia-nasra-abukar-ali |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2, 2023, Kamati ya Olimpiki ilitekeleza amri ya waziri kumwondoa Khadija Aden Dahir kwenye nafasi yake<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last= |title=Guddoomiyaha Xiriirka Ciyaaraha Fudud ee Soomaaliya oo shaqadii laga joojiyey orodkii Nasro awgii – Somali |url=https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-66219667 |access-date=2023-08-02 |website=BBC News Somali |language=so-SO |archive-date=Julai 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731223128/https://www.bbc.com/somali/live/war-66219667 |url-status=live }}</ref> kwa "kutumia madaraka vibaya, ukarimu wa jamaa, na kudhalilisha jina la taifa."<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Somalia inamwondoa mwenyekiti wa riadha baada ya mwanariadha kuvuma kwa kasi katika mbio za mita 100 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/8/3/somalia-suspends-athletics-head-after-runner-goes-viral-in-snail-paced-100m |access-date=2023-08-03 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en |archive-date=Agosti 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803124304/https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2023/8/3/somalia-suspends-athletics-head-after-runner-goes-viral-in-snail-paced-100m |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2023-08-03 |title=Somalia inamwondoa mwenyekiti wa riadha baada ya mwanariadha kumaliza mbio za mita 100 kwa sekunde 21 |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/sports/athletics/somalia-suspend-athletics-chair-after-runner-takes-21-seconds-finish-100m-2023-08-03/ |access-date=2023-08-05 |archive-date=Agosti 5, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230805174820/https://www.reuters.com/sports/athletics/somalia-suspend-athletics-chair-after-runner-takes-21-seconds-finish-100m-2023-08-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2004]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Somalia]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] 6dc1ix1949g5f6ssqe1ie46a5u8pqlv 0 205554 1614005 1412047 2026-11-05T20:28:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 11 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Tess Océane Joffroy''' (alizaliwa 1994) ni mwimbaji-mwandishi wa nyimbo kutoka Réunion. Baada ya kuchapisha vibao vya nyimbo kwenye [[Facebook]] na [[YouTube]], aligunduliwa na meneja na mtayarishaji wa Lilly Wood and the Prick. Alimsaidia Tess kusaini mkataba na studio ya rekodi Choke Industry, na baadaye akasaini mkataba mwingine na Polydor Records. EP yake ya kwanza, ''Tess'' (2016), ilifika nafasi ya 145 kwenye chati za nyimbo za Kifaransa. Ilitekelezwa na wimbo wa "Love Gun", uliofika nafasi ya 131 kwenye chati hiyo hiyo. ==Maisha na Kazi== Tess Océane Joffroy alizaliwa mwaka wa 1994 huko [[Saint-Denis, Réunion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.k6fm.com/news/j-9-avant-le-k6fm-live-7-decouvrez-tess-19587|title=Siku 9 kabla ya K6FM Live #7: Jifunze kuhusu Tess!|publisher=[[:fr:K6FM|K6FM]]|date=13 Septemba 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195855/https://www.k6fm.com/news/j-9-avant-le-k6fm-live-7-decouvrez-tess-19587|url-status=live}}</ref> Mama yake ni Mréunion na baba yake ni Mfaransa.<ref name="sed">{{cite web|url=https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/seduisant-envoutant-premier-album-reunionnaise-tess-sort-ce-vendredi-434671.html|title=Kuvutia na kufurahisha, albamu ya kwanza ya Mréunion Tess inatolewa Ijumaa hii|author=Philippon, Laura|publisher=[[La Première (French TV network)|La Première]]|date=19 Januari 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222016/https://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/seduisant-envoutant-premier-album-reunionnaise-tess-sort-ce-vendredi-434671.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Alianza masomo ya dansi akiwa na umri wa miaka 4 na kufanya mazoezi ya gitaa akiwa na miaka 14 kwa miaka 3. Akiwa na miaka 15, Tess alianza kuandika nyimbo.<ref name="parisien">{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/videos-de-juliette-armanet-a-last-train-la-nouvelle-vague-musicale-francaise-02-05-2017-6907830.php|title=Kutoka Juliette Armanet hadi Last Train, mawimbi mapya ya muziki wa Kifaransa|author1=Bureau, Éric|author2=Marolle, Emmanuel|work=[[Le Parisien]]|date=2 Mei 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=16 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216172439/https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/videos-de-juliette-armanet-a-last-train-la-nouvelle-vague-musicale-francaise-02-05-2017-6907830.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Alianza kuchapisha vibao vya nyimbo kwenye [[Facebook]] kwa ajili ya marafiki zake na baadaye kwenye [[YouTube]].<ref name="sed"/> Kwenye jukwaa la mwisho, aligunduliwa na meneja na mtayarishaji wa waimbaji wawili wa Kifaransa Lilly Wood and the Prick, Pierre Guimard, mwaka wa 2013 baada ya kuchapisha wimbo wa nyimbo yao "Prayer in C".<ref name="parisien"/><ref name="parisien2">{{cite web|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/videos-suivez-le-live-de-la-revelation-tess-en-direct-du-parisien-06-04-2017-6829926.php|title=Subiri maonyesho ya kuvumbua Tess moja kwa moja kutoka Le Parisien|author=Marolle, Emmanuel|work=[[Le Parisien]]|date=6 Aprili 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222015/https://www.leparisien.fr/culture-loisirs/musique/videos-suivez-le-live-de-la-revelation-tess-en-direct-du-parisien-06-04-2017-6829926.php|url-status=live}}</ref> Alipokuwa likizoni huko Paris mwaka wa 2014, alimwalika kwenye studio ya muziki mjini hapo ambapo wote walianza kufanya kazi kwenye EP yake ya kwanza, ''Tess''.<ref name="parisien"/><ref name="elle"/><ref name="clique"/> Mara baada ya hapo, Guimard alimsaidia Tess kusaini mkataba na studio ya rekodi Choke Industry baada ya kusikiliza nyimbo zake.<ref name="parisien2"/><ref name="clique">{{cite web|url=https://www.clique.tv/es-tess-nouveau-visage-electro-pop-de-reunion/|title=Unamjua: Tess, uso mpya wa muziki wa electro-pop wa Réunion|publisher=[[:fr:Clique (émission de télévision)|Clique]]|date=20 Januari 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Aprili 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410182229/https://www.clique.tv/es-tess-nouveau-visage-electro-pop-de-reunion/|url-status=live}}</ref> Pia alisaini mkataba wa rekodi na Polydor Records.<ref name="parisien2"/> Ili kufuata kazi yake, Tess alihamia Biscarrosse na kugawanya wakati wake kati ya Biscarrosse na [[Paris]].<ref name="parisien"/><ref name="lemag">{{cite web|url=http://reunionnaiseslemag.re/rencontre-avec-tess/|title=Tess – sauti ya dhahabu na mpenzi wa yoga|author=Coralie|work=Réunionnaises|date=23 Machi 2021|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217184554/http://reunionnaiseslemag.re/rencontre-avec-tess/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tess alitoa wimbo wake wa kwanza "Endlessly" mwaka wa 2015.<ref name="inrock">{{cite web|url=https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/love-gun-nouveau-clip-envoutant-de-tess-352815-08-06-2016/|title='Love Gun', video mpya ya kuvutia ya Tess|author=Aubert, Morane|work=[[Les Inrockuptibles]]|date=8 Juni 2016|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=2023-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224191903/https://www.lesinrocks.com/actu/love-gun-nouveau-clip-envoutant-de-tess-352815-08-06-2016/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alicheza kwa muda mfupi kama Tess Zucchini baada ya kutoa wimbo huo na alikuwa mwimbaji wa kufungulia kwa mwimbaji wa Kifaransa-Israeli Tal kwenye Stade Jean-Ivoula.<ref name="jeunes">{{cite web|url=http://www.lequotidiendesjeunes.re/les-articles/loisirs-culture-sports-les-dossiers/les-inrocks-envoutes-par-la-reunionnaise-tess/|title=Les Inrocks wamevutiwa na Mréunion Tess Zucchini|work=[[:fr:Le Quotidien de la Réunion|Le Quotidien de la Réunion]]|date=12 Juni 2016|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=3 Agosti 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803040502/http://www.lequotidiendesjeunes.re/les-articles/loisirs-culture-sports-les-dossiers/les-inrocks-envoutes-par-la-reunionnaise-tess/|url-status=live}}</ref> Tess alisoma fizikia ya tiba huko [[Saint-Pierre, Réunion]] na kupata shahada yake mwaka wa 2016.<ref name="sed"/><ref name="linfo">{{cite web|url=https://www.linfo.re/la-reunion/societe/710480-sortie-du-1er-album-de-la-chanteuse-reunionnaise-tess-ce-vendredi|title=Kutolewa kwa albamu ya kwanza ya mwimbaji wa Réunion Tess Ijumaa hii|author=Yepes, Manuel|publisher=[[:fr:Antenne Réunion|Antenne Réunion]]|date=20 Januari 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222017/https://www.linfo.re/la-reunion/societe/710480-sortie-du-1er-album-de-la-chanteuse-reunionnaise-tess-ce-vendredi|url-status=live}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa fizikia kwa mwezi mmoja tu huko Réunion na baada ya kuhamia Ufaransa, aliamua "kuweka [shahada yake] kando" ili "ajitoe kwa muziki".<ref name="clique"/> Wimbo wake wa pili, "Love Gun", ulitolewa Juni 2016.<ref name="inrock"/> Ulifika nafasi ya 131 kwenye chati za nyimbo za Kifaransa.<ref name="fra"/> Pia mnamo Juni, aliimba kwenye tamasha la muziki [[:fr:Sakifo Musik Festival|Sakifo Musik Festival]].<ref name="sed"/> Mnamo Desemba 2016, alitoa tena "Endlessly" pamoja na mwimbaji wa Peru A. Chal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Tess/news-103153.html|title='Endlessly': Tess anavunja kioo kwenye video mpya ya kuvutia|author=Goncalves, Julian|work=[[Puremédias|PureCharts]]|date=15 Desemba 2016|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222016/http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Tess/news-103153.html|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Tess'' ilitolewa kwa dijiti mnamo 20 Januari 2016 na Choke Industry, ingawa ilitolewa tena tarehe hiyo hiyo mwaka wa 2017 na Polydor.<ref name="linfo"/><ref name="tess"/> EP hiyo ilifika nafasi ya 145 kwenye chati za nyimbo za Kifaransa.<ref name="fra"/> Mnamo Aprili 2017, Tess aliimba kwenye Lollapalooza France.<ref name="lolla">{{cite web|url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/pop/lollapalooza-premiere-grande-scene-pour-tess-la-nouvelle-coqueluche-de-la-pop_3291119.html|title=Lollapalooza: jukwaa kubwa la kwanza kwa Tess, mpenzi mpya wa pop|publisher=[[France Télévisions]]|date=24 Julai 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=16 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216165606/https://www.francetvinfo.fr/culture/musique/pop/lollapalooza-premiere-grande-scene-pour-tess-la-nouvelle-coqueluche-de-la-pop_3291119.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Aliimba wakati wa uzinduzi wa kituo cha ununuzi [[:fr:Cap Sacré-Cœur|Cap Sacré-Cœur]] mnamo Novemba 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.linfo.re/la-reunion/societe/tess-pour-moi-c-est-une-fierte-d-etre-reunionnaise|title=Tess: 'Kwangu ni fahari kuwa Mréunion'|author=Magnien, Marine|publisher=[[:fr:Antenne Réunion|Antenne Réunion]]|language=fr|date=10 Novemba 2018|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222019/https://www.linfo.re/la-reunion/societe/tess-pour-moi-c-est-une-fierte-d-etre-reunionnaise|url-status=live}}</ref> Albamu yake ya kwanza, ''Scars and the Moon'', ilitolewa mnamo 21 Desemba 2019 na Choke Industry.<ref name="scars"/> Studio hiyo hiyo ilisambaza EP ya pili ya Tess, ''Origin'', mnamo 7 Mei 2021.<ref name="origin"/> Tess alirudi Réunion baada ya kuishi kwa miaka miwili Ufaransa na alianza kufundisha [[yoga]].<ref name="lemag"/> Tess alitoa albamu yake ya pili, ''11:11'', kwa kujitegemea mnamo 11 Novemba 2022.<ref name="11:11"/> ==Sanaa== Wakosoaji wa muziki walitaja sauti kuu ya Tess kama electropop,<ref name="parisien2"/><ref name="elle">{{cite web|url=https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Musique/Dossiers/Tess-la-nouvelle-sensation-de-l-electro-pop-est-francaise-3408422|title=Tess: msisimko mpya wa electropop ni Mfaransa!|author=Tredez, Florence|work=[[Elle (magazine)|Elle]]|date=8 Januari 2017|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222018/https://www.elle.fr/Loisirs/Musique/Dossiers/Tess-la-nouvelle-sensation-de-l-electro-pop-est-francaise-3408422|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="inrock"/> ikiwa na vipengele vya [[Pop music|pop]] na R&B.<ref name="parisien2"/><ref name="elle"/><ref name="popm">{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/tess-love-gun-video-premiere-2495391394.html|title=Tess – 'Love Gun' (video) (premiere)|author=Zupko, Sarah|date=22 Mei 2017|work=[[PopMatters]]|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=15 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215222016/https://www.popmatters.com/tess-love-gun-video-premiere-2495391394.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Viongozi wake wa muziki ni Lorde na [[The Weeknd]].<ref name="elle"/> Muziki wa Tess umelinganishwa na wa wasanii Bat for Lashes,<ref name="jeunes"/> Björk,<ref name="popm"/> [[Ellie Goulding]],<ref name="popm"/> Grimes,<ref name="jeunes"/> Hannah Reid,<ref name="elle"/><ref name="popm"/> Hyphen Hyphen,<ref name="parisien2"/> Jain,<ref name="parisien2"/> The Knife,<ref name="popm"/> na MØ.<ref name="elle"/> ''Elle''{{'s}} Florence Tredez alimwita Tess "msisimko mpya wa electropop".<ref name="elle"/> France Télévisions alimuita "pumzi safi kwenye pop ya Kifaransa".<ref name="lolla"/> Laura Philippon wa ''La Première'', aliandika kwamba Tess ana sauti "ya kuvutia, ya kina, na wakati mwingine yenye maumivu" ambayo "hutengeneza melody zenye nguvu na zenye kusisimua".<ref name="sed"/> Mwandishi wa ''Les Inrockuptibles'' Morane Aubert alielezea sauti yake kama "laini na ya kishawishi".<ref name="inrock"/> Akikagua "Hard to Forget", Bryan Kress wa ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' alibainisha kuwa wimbo huo unamruhusu Tess "kuonyesha uwezo wake wa kuimba" ambao ni "kishawishi na tayari kwa pop".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/tess-hard-to-forget-video-7866112/|title=Tess Anachukua Usiku Ambayo Itakuwa 'Ngumu Kusahau' kwenye Video Mpya: Kipekee|author=Kress, Bryan|work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=14 Julai 2017|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=16 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216172440/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/tess-hard-to-forget-video-7866112/|url-status=live}}</ref> ==Diskografia== ===Albamu za Studio=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu za studio ! style="width:11em;" | Jina ! style="width:19em;" | Maelezo ya Albamu |- ! scope="row"| ''Scars and the Moon'' | * Tarehe ya kutolewa: 20 Desemba 2019<ref name="scars">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/scars-and-the-moon/1562113674|title=''Scars and the Moon'' na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=20 Desemba 2019|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195853/https://music.apple.com/us/album/scars-and-the-moon/1562113674|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Studio: Choke Industry * Aina: [[Upakuaji wa muziki|Upakuaji wa dijiti]], [[Streaming media|kutiririka]] |- ! scope="row"| ''11:11'' | * Tarehe ya kutolewa: 11 Novemba 2022<ref name="11:11">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/11-11/1661557178|title=''11:11'' na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=11 Novemba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195853/https://music.apple.com/us/album/11-11/1661557178|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Studio: [[Kujichapisha|Kujitegemea]] * Aina: Upakuaji wa dijiti, kutiririka |} ===EP=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya EP, na nafasi za chati zilizochaguliwa ! rowspan="2" style="width:6em;" | Jina ! rowspan="2" style="width:19em;" | Maelezo ya EP ! colspan="2"| Nafasi za chati |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | {{abbr|[[SNEP|FRA]]|Ufaransa}}<br /><ref name="fra">{{cite web|url=https://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tess+%5BFR%5D|title=Diskografia ya Tess [FR]|publisher=lescharts.com|language=fr|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=2023-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195851/https://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Tess+%5BFR%5D|url-status=live}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Tess'' | * Tarehe ya kutolewa: 20 Januari 2016<ref name="linfo"/><ref name="tess">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/tess-ep/1562128741|title=''Tess'' – EP na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=20 Januari 2016|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195853/https://music.apple.com/us/album/tess-ep/1562128741|url-status=live}}</ref> * Studio: Choke Industry, [[Polydor Records|Polydor]] * Aina: [[Upakuaji wa muziki|Upakuaji wa dijiti]], [[Streaming media|kutiririka]] | 145 |- ! scope="row"| ''Origin'' | * Tarehe ya kutolewa: 7 Mei 2021<ref name="origin">{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/origin-ep/1564870268|title=''Origin'' – EP na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=7 Mei 2021|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195852/https://music.apple.com/us/album/origin-ep/1564870268|url-status=live}}</ref> * Studio: Choke Industry * Aina: Upakuaji wa dijiti, kutiririka | — |- | colspan="3" style="font-size:90%"| "—" inaashiria kutolewa ambacho hakikuingia kwenye chati au hakikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} ===Nyimbo=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya nyimbo, na nafasi za chati zilizochaguliwa ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Jina ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Mwaka ! colspan="1"| Nafasi za chati ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:10em;"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | FRA<br /><ref name="fra"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Endlessly"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/endlessly-single/1562106971|title=Endlessly – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=6 Novemba 2015|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195851/https://music.apple.com/us/album/endlessly-single/1562106971|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/25gg8SkmCAvtBTMkC5fdSv|title=Tess – Endlessly (feat. A.Chal)|publisher=Spotify|date=4 Novemba 2016|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=17 Februari 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217195851/https://open.spotify.com/album/25gg8SkmCAvtBTMkC5fdSv|url-status=live}}</ref><br /><small>(pekee au akiwa na [[A. Chal]])</small> | 2015 | — | rowspan="3"| ''Tess'' /<br />''Scars and the Moon'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love Gun"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/6XHZFufmMFr2HNhhSiVnAU|title=Tess – Love Gun|publisher=Spotify|date=3 Juni 2016|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211226/https://open.spotify.com/album/6XHZFufmMFr2HNhhSiVnAU|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2016 | 131 |- ! scope="row"| "Hard to Forget"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/hard-to-forget-single/1562151907|title=Hard to Forget – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=23 Juni 2017|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211228/https://music.apple.com/us/album/hard-to-forget-single/1562151907|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2017 | — |- ! scope="row"| "Dark but Beautiful"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/dark-but-beautiful-single/1562109161|title=Dark but Beautiful – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=11 Januari 2018|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211226/https://music.apple.com/us/album/dark-but-beautiful-single/1562109161|url-status=live}}</ref> | 2018 | — | {{N/A|Single isiyo ya albamu}} |- ! scope="row"| "The Lake"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-lake-single/1562108763|title=The Lake – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=4 Oktoba 2019|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211227/https://music.apple.com/us/album/the-lake-single/1562108763|url-status=live}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| 2019 | — | rowspan="2"| ''Scars and the Moon'' |- ! scope="row"| "Poison"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/poison-single/1562108871|title=Poison – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=29 Novemba 2019|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211228/https://music.apple.com/us/album/poison-single/1562108871|url-status=live}}</ref> | — |- ! scope="row"| "It's You"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/its-you-single/1661552507|title=It's You – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=3 Juni 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211227/https://music.apple.com/us/album/its-you-single/1661552507|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="7"| 2022 | — | {{N/A|Single isiyo ya albamu}} |- ! scope="row"| "Time Stops"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/time-stops-single/1661552732|title=Time Stops – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=5 Julai 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211229/https://music.apple.com/us/album/time-stops-single/1661552732|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — | rowspan="4"| ''11:11'' |- ! scope="row"| "Ynyb"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/ynyb-single/1661552812|title=Ynyb – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=9 Septemba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211224/https://music.apple.com/us/album/ynyb-single/1661552812|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — |- ! scope="row"| "Not Human"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/not-human-single/1661552633|title=Not Human – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=28 Oktoba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211226/https://music.apple.com/us/album/not-human-single/1661552633|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — |- ! scope="row"| "Royaume (The Silent Princess)"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/royaume-the-silent-princess-single/1661552724|title=Royaume (The Silent Princess) – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=4 Novemba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211228/https://music.apple.com/us/album/royaume-the-silent-princess-single/1661552724|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — |- ! scope="row"| "Kali"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/kali-single/1653083846|title=Kali – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=22 Novemba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211227/https://music.apple.com/us/album/kali-single/1653083846|url-status=live}}</ref> | — | rowspan="4" {{N/A|Single isiyo ya albamu}} |- ! scope="row"| "My Tender Love"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/my-tender-love-single/1661555740|title=My Tender Love – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=15 Desemba 2022|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211226/https://music.apple.com/us/album/my-tender-love-single/1661555740|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — |- ! scope="row"| "New Moon"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/new-moon-single/1661672771|title=New Moon – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=20 Januari 2023|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211230/https://music.apple.com/us/album/new-moon-single/1661672771|url-status=dead}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| 2023 | — |- ! scope="row"| "Comme un soleil"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/comme-un-soleil-single/1664174278|title=Comme un soleil – Single na Tess kwenye Apple Music|date=3 Machi 2023|publisher=iTunes Store (US)|access-date=28 Julai 2023|archive-date=10 Machi 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310211227/https://music.apple.com/us/album/comme-un-soleil-single/1664174278|url-status=dead}}</ref> | — |- | colspan="4" style="font-size:90%"| "—" inaashiria kutolewa ambacho hakikuingia kwenye chati au hakikutolewa katika eneo hilo. |} ==Marejeo== <references /> [[Jamii:Wasanii]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Feminism and Folklore 2025 in Tanzania]] hglvn4hmqha7hjfq4k09kin883d01rn 0 207779 1614006 1601373 2026-11-05T20:28:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | jina = Teyana Taylor | picha = Teyana Taylor (cropped).jpg | maelezo picha = Taylor Aprili 2023 | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|1990|12|10}} | jina la kuzaliwa = Teyana Me Shay Jacqueline Taylor<ref name="4CymE7wJJyE">Taylor katika {{kunukuu AV|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CymE7wJJyE|kichwa=Teyana Taylor Anauliza Maswali 30 kwa Iman Shumpert|tarehe=Julai 23, 2019|muda=10:08|chapisho=GQ|medium=[[YouTube]]|maneno=Je, jina langu la kati ni? Me Shay Jacqueli.|tarehe ya kupata=Oktoba 29, 2020|tarehe ya kuhifadhi=Novemba 1, 2020|kiungo cha kupitia=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101234258/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4CymE7wJJyE&feature=youtu.be|hali ya kiungo=hai}}</ref> | jina lingine = {{orodha mkadiri|Spike Tee<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/schoolboy-q-yg-and-ty-dolla-sign-turn-up-the-drive-in-for-lies-video-new-video.45642.html|kichwa=ScHoolboy Q, YG & Ty Dolla $ign Waanzisha Video ya "Lies"|mwandishi=Aaron A.|chapisho=HotNewHipHop|tarehe=Agosti 1, 2019|tarehe ya kupata=Agosti 1, 2019|tarehe ya kuhifadhi=Agosti 1, 2019|kiungo cha kupitia=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801192652/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/schoolboy-q-yg-and-ty-dolla-sign-turn-up-the-drive-in-for-lies-video-new-video.45642.html|hali ya kiungo=hai}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>|Jimmy Neutch<ref>{{cite web | url=https://people.com/music/teyana-taylor-iman-shumpert-relationship-timeline/ | kichwa=Muda wa Mahusiano ya Teyana Taylor na Iman Shumpert }}</ref>}} | mahali pa kuzaliwa = [[Jiji la New York]], Marekani | kazi yake = * Mwigizaji * Mwanamuziki * Mwandishi wa nyimbo * Mcheza ngoma * Mfano wa mitindo * Mwongozaji wa video za muziki * Mratibu wa ngoma | miaka ya kazi = 2005–sasa | ndoa = {{marriage|[[Iman Shumpert]]|2016|2024|kuvunjwa kwa ndoa}} | watoto = 2 | tuzo = | tovuti = {{URL|teyanataylor.com}} | studio = * [[Def Jam Recordings|Def Jam]] * [[GOOD Music|GOOD]] * [[Star Trak Entertainment|Star Trak]] * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] | wanamuziki wenzi = {{orodha mkadiri| * [[Che Pope]] * [[Fabolous]] * [[Jazze Pha]] * [[Kanye West]] * [[Pharrell Williams|Pharrell]] }} | module = {{Infobox musical artist 2|embed=yes | background = solo_singer | ala = Sauti | aina = * [[R&B ya kisasa|R&B]] * [[hip hop]] * [[muziki wa pop]] }} }} '''Teyana Me Shay Jacqueli Taylor''' (amezaliwa 10 Desemba, 1990)<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://newrochelle.dailyvoice.com/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-new-rochelles-teyana-taylor/422425/|title=Happy Birthday To New Rochelles Teyana Taylor|work=New Rochelle Daily Voice|access-date=August 9, 2018|language=en|archive-date=August 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809122002/https://newrochelle.dailyvoice.com/neighbors/happy-birthday-to-new-rochelles-teyana-taylor/422425/|url-status=live}}</ref> ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo, mwigizaji, mwanamitindo, mnenguaji, mtayarishaji na mwongozaji wa muziki mjongeo (video za muziki), na mchoreografia kutoka nchini Marekani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.wmagazine.com/story/teyana-taylor-kanye-west-fade-video-dancer|title=Everything You Need to Know About Teyana Taylor, the Dancer in Kanye West's "Fade" She is also famous for her brand new movie in the Eddie Murphy film Coming 2 America as Bopoto Izzi Video|last=Petrarca|first=Emilia|work=W Magazine|access-date=June 4, 2018|language=en|archive-date=July 9, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709142447/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/teyana-taylor-kanye-west-fade-video-dancer|url-status=live}}</ref> Baada ya kuandaa video ya wimbo wa [[Beyoncé]] wa mwaka 2006 "[[Ring the Alarm]]", alisaini mkataba wa kurekodi na [[the Neptunes]] kupitia kampuni yao ya [[Star Trak Entertainment]], tawi la [[Interscope Records]], mwaka uliofuata. Taylor alionekana katika kipindi cha [[MTV]] cha ''My Super Sweet 16'' kabla ya kutoa wimbo wake wa kwanza, "[[Google Me (Teyana Taylor song)|Google Me]]", mwaka 2008. Alipata umaarufu zaidi kutokana na kushiriki bila kutajwa rasmi katika nyimbo za [[Kanye West]] za mwaka 2010 "Dark Fantasy" na "Hell of a Life" — zote kutoka kwenye albamu yake ''[[My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy]]'' (2010). Aliondoka Star Trak na Interscope na kujiunga na kampuni ya West ya [[GOOD Music]], tawi la [[Def Jam Recordings]], miaka miwili baadaye. Alishiriki katika albamu ya pamoja ya GOOD Music [[Cruel Summer (GOOD Music album)|''Cruel Summer'']] (2012), ambayo ilishika nafasi ya pili kwenye chati ya [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. Albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio, [[VII (Teyana Taylor album)|''VII'']] (2014), ilipokelewa vyema na wakosoaji wa muziki na kufikia ndani ya 20 bora, pamoja na albamu zake za pili na tatu, ''[[K.T.S.E.]]'' (2018) na [[The Album (Teyana Taylor album)|''The Album'']] (2020); ya mwisho ilifika ndani ya 10 bora kwenye chati hiyo, huku ''K.T.S.E.'' ikizalisha singo "[[Gonna Love Me]]" (iliyoremixiwa ikiwashirikisha [[Ghostface Killah]], [[Method Man]], na [[Raekwon]]), ambayo ilipata cheti cha platinum kutoka [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). Katika kazi yake ya uigizaji, Taylor alianza kuigiza katika filamu ya mwaka 2010 ya tamthilia ya dansi ''Stomp the Yard: Homecoming'', na alionekana katika filamu ya [[Tyler Perry]] ya ''Madea's Big Happy Family'' mwaka uliofuata.<ref name="Rap-Up.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.rap-up.com/2012/05/14/teyana-taylor-signs-to-kanye-wests-good-music/#more-123727 |title=Teyana Taylor Signs to Kanye West's G.O.O.D. Music |publisher=Rap-Up.com |date=May 14, 2012 |access-date=July 23, 2012 |archive-date=July 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711195939/http://www.rap-up.com/2012/05/14/teyana-taylor-signs-to-kanye-wests-good-music/#more-123727 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kwenye runinga, Taylor alishiriki katika misimu miwili ya ''Star'' (2017–18), na filamu ya [[Amazon Prime Video|Amazon Prime]] ''[[Coming 2 America]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://variety.com/feature/2024-oscars-best-actress-predictions-1235678121/ |title=Final Oscar Predictions: Best Actress – In the Closest Acting Race, Lily Gladstone Could Emerge Victorious and Make Academy History |publisher=Variety |date=2024-03-07 |access-date=2024-03-10}}</ref> Taylor na aliyekuwa mume wake [[Iman Shumpert]] walipata kipindi cha uhalisia kiitwacho ''Teyana and Iman'' kupitia [[VH1]], kilichorushwa kutoka 2020 hadi 2023. Alipata sifa kubwa kwa uigizaji wake mkuu katika filamu ya mwaka 2023 ''[[A Thousand and One]]'', ambapo alishinda tuuzo kutoka National Board of Review.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Edgemagazinesite Resources and Information. |url=http://ww1.edgemagazinesite.com/follow-the-leader-teyana-taylor/ |website=Ww1.edgemagazinesite.com |access-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-date=November 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123175958/http://ww1.edgemagazinesite.com/follow-the-leader-teyana-taylor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Teyana Taylor's new album features collaborations with Erykah Badu, Missy Elliott and more |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/teyana-taylors-new-album-features-collabs-with-erykah-badu-missy-elliott |access-date=2022-08-04 |website=The Line of Best Fit |language=en |archive-date=August 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804203757/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/latest-news/teyana-taylors-new-album-features-collabs-with-erykah-badu-missy-elliott |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://urbannewsroom.com/2010/05/12/blog-get-to-know-teyana-taylor/|title=Career 4|website=Urbanewsroom.com|access-date=August 15, 2013|archive-date=June 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150623135053/http://urbannewsroom.com/2010/05/12/blog-get-to-know-teyana-taylor/|url-status=live}}</ref> Katika shughuli nyingine, Taylor ametambuliwa kwa kazi ya kuongoza video za muziki kwa jina "Spike Tee". Ameshafanya kazi hiyo kwa wasanii mbalimbali wakiwemo yeye mwenyewe, [[Sean Combs|Diddy]], [[Schoolboy Q]], na [[Queen Naija]]. Alishinda BET Award for Video Director of the Year mwaka 2020 na 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/article/grjwtu/bet-awards-2023-wins-video-director-of-the-year|title=BET Awards 2023: Teyana 'Spike Tey' Taylor Wins Video Director Of The Year, Accepts After Mom Calls Her on Video Chat|date=June 23, 2023|last=Meara|first=Paul|website=BET.com|accessdate=2025-06-15|archive-date=2025-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250420062604/https://www.bet.com/article/grjwtu/bet-awards-2023-wins-video-director-of-the-year|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Diskografia== {{Main|Diskografia ya Teyana Taylor}} * ''[[VII (Teyana Taylor)|VII]]'' (2014) * ''[[K.T.S.E.]]'' (2018) * ''[[The Album (Teyana Taylor)|The Album]]'' (2020) * ''Escape Room'' (2025) ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== *{{IMDb name|nm3692520|Teyana Taylor}} *{{AllMusic|class=artist|id=p1022208}} *[https://www.myspace.com/rockstarteyana Teyana Taylor] on [[MySpace]] *[http://prettystatus.com/teyana-taylor-slays-at-fashion-week/ Teyana Taylor at Fashion Week] {{BD|1990}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] k2nhgbxzs2ki6yu95gbhqcqgix7pakp 4 208508 1613764 1613571 2026-11-05T14:23:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1613764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-11-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 65 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 70 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-11-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 517 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2452 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 537 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.37 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 4.00 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34960 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 5473 || ↓ -24.5% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 31.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 517 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 2 || [[Burundi]] || 323 || ↓ -20.8% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 301 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 4 || [[Uturuki]] || 252 || ↓ -24.1% |- | 5 || [[Armenia]] || 173 || ↑ +166.2% |- | 6 || [[Saudia]] || 170 || ↑ +63.5% |- | 7 || [[Madagaska]] || 163 || ↓ -34.0% |- | 8 || [[Irani]] || 160 || ↓ -23.8% |- | 9 || [[Nigeria]] || 158 || ↓ -28.2% |- | 10 || [[Shelisheli]] || 154 || — 0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 489 || 38.7% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 28.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 168 || 13.3% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 97 || 7.7% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} t5sbia9x5myn72a4zfsrndpzdcb0a4d 1613969 1613764 2026-11-05T19:46:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1613969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-11-05) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 65 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 70 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-11-05)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 411 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 517 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2452 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 537 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 229 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 271 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.37 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 323 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 260 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 318 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 393 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 188 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 232 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 174 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 210 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 4.00 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 163 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 73 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 105 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 15 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 173 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34960 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18184 || ↓ -24.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 104.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2452 || ↓ -17.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 537 || ↓ -18.4% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 517 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -14.0% |- | 5 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 393 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 323 || ↓ -20.8% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 318 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 301 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 271 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 260 || ↓ -19.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 489 || 38.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 28.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 167 || 13.3% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} a8lmnnmdph3v4r3ov4jhu7wig1jqged 1614157 1613969 2026-11-06T05:50:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1614157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-11-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 65 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 70 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-11-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2469 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.37 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 4.00 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34960 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 18184 || ↓ -24.0% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 104.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2452 || ↓ -17.4% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 537 || ↓ -18.4% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 517 || ↓ -28.5% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 411 || ↓ -14.0% |- | 5 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 393 || ↓ -27.4% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 323 || ↓ -20.8% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 318 || ↓ -16.8% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 301 || ↓ -28.8% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 271 || ↓ -31.6% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 260 || ↓ -19.0% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 489 || 38.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 28.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 167 || 13.3% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} ll0jldd055suzskor27k92k1s1zuy89 1614161 1614157 2026-11-06T06:00:16Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1614161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-11-06) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 65 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 70 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-11-06)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 407 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 500 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2469 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 538 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 301 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 226 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 157 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 265 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.37 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 328 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 110 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 89 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 312 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.96 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.53 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 368 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 237 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 97 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 208 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 159 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 243 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 135 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 124 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Udeni]] | 4.00 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.85 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 161 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 27 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 195 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 51 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 6 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 31 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 214 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 166 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 85 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Irelandi]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 149 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 45 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 74 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 171 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 24 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 21 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 7 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 41 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 8 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 20 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 18 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 17 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 34960 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 17789 || ↓ -26.4% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 200.9 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 102.2 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2469 || ↓ -16.9% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 538 || ↓ -17.9% |- | 3 || [[Kenya]] || 500 || ↓ -32.6% |- | 4 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 407 || ↓ -14.1% |- | 5 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 368 || ↓ -34.9% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 328 || ↓ -18.8% |- | 7 || [[Uingereza]] || 312 || ↓ -20.4% |- | 8 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 301 || ↓ -30.6% |- | 9 || [[Urusi]] || 265 || ↓ -33.2% |- | 10 || [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] || 256 || ↓ -21.2% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 489 || 38.8% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 28.7% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 167 || 13.3% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 96 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- |} 8jonr5ky5yksuc3h56j0e6ytmqizzyq 0 211761 1613804 1518683 2026-11-05T15:36:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} [[Faili:Computer_learning.jpg|thumb|Computer learning]] '''Maadili ya kompyuta''' ni sehemu ya falsafa ya vitendo inayohusika na jinsi wataalamu wa kompyuta wavyonapaswa kufanya maamuzi kuhusu mwenendo wa kitaaluma na kijamii.<ref name=BynumVeryShort>{{cite web |url=http://www.southernct.edu/organizations/rccs/resources/research/introduction/bynum_shrt_hist.html#maner|title=A Very Short History of Computer Ethics |last= Bynum |first=Terrell Ward |publisher=Southern Connecticut Wein University|access-date=2011-01-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080418122849/http://www.southernct.edu/organizations/rccs/resources/research/introduction/bynum_shrt_hist.html|archive-date=2008-04-18}}</ref> Margaret Anne Pierce, profesa katika Idara ya Hisabati na Kompyuta katika Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia kusini ameainisha maamuzi ya kimaadili yanayohusiana na teknolojia ya kompyuta na matumizi katika vishawishi vitatu vya msingi:<ref name="Pierce_1996">{{cite journal |last1=Pierce |first1=Margaret Anne |last2=Henry |first2=John W. |title=Computer ethics: The role of personal, informal, and formal codes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-business-ethics_1996-04_15_4/page/424 |journal=Journal of Business Ethics |date=April 1996 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=425–437 |doi=10.1007/BF00380363 }} {{Subscription required}}</ref> # Kanuni ya mtu binafsi. # Kanuni zozote zisizo rasmi za maadili zilizopo mahali pa kazi. # Mfiduo wa kanuni rasmi za maadili. ==Msingi== Maadili ya kompyuta yalibuniwa kwa mara ya kwanza na Walter Maner,<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> profesa kutoka chuo cha [[Bowling Green State University]]. Maner aligundua kuwa changamoto za kimaadili zilizojitokeza wakati wa kozi yake ya Medical Ethics katika [[Old Dominion University]] zilikuwa ngumu zaidi na tata zaidi pale ambapo matumizi ya teknolojia na kompyuta yalihusishwa.<ref>{{Citation|last=Bynum|first=Terrell|title=Computer and Information Ethics|date=2018|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2018/entries/ethics-computer/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Summer 2018|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> Msingi wa dhana wa maadili ya kompyuta unachunguzwa na maadili ya kitaarifa, tawi la falsafa ya maadili lililopigiwa debe, miongoni mwa watu mbalimbali, na [[Luciano Floridi]].<ref name=InformationEthics> {{Citation | chapter = Information Ethics | date = 2010 | editor-last = Floridi | editor-first = Luciano | editor-link = Luciano Floridi | title = The Cambridge Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics | publisher = Cambridge University Press | publication-date = 2010 | pages=77–100 | isbn = 9780521717724 }}</ref> ==Historia== Wazo la maadili ya kompyuta lilianzia katika miaka ya 1940 kupitia profesa wa MIT, [[Norbert Wiener]], ambaye alikuwa mwanafalsafa na mtaalamu wa hisabati kutoka Marekani. Akiwa anafanya kazi juu ya silaha za kutungua ndege za kivita wakati wa [[World War II]], Wiener na wahandisi wenzake walitengeneza mfumo wa mawasiliano kati ya sehemu ya kanoni iliyokuwa ikifuatilia ndege ya kivita, sehemu iliyokuwa inafanya mahesabu ya makadirio ya mwelekeo, na sehemu iliyohusika na kufyatua risasi.<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> Wiener alitaja sayansi ya mifumo hiyo ya mrejesho wa taarifa kama "[[cybernetics]]," na alijadili uwanja huu mpya pamoja na changamoto zake za kimaadili katika kitabu chake cha mwaka 1948, ''Cybernetics''.<ref name=BynumVeryShort/><ref name=BynumSEP>{{cite web |last1=Bynum |first1=Terrell |title=Computer Ethics: Basic Concepts and Historical Overview |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2014/entries/ethics-computer/ |date=21 December 2014 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University}}</ref> Mwaka 1950, kitabu cha pili cha Wiener, ''[[The Human Use of Human Beings]]'', kilichambua kwa undani zaidi masuala ya kimaadili yanayozunguka teknolojia ya taarifa na kuweka misingi ya awali ya maadili ya kompyuta.<ref name=BynumSEP/> A bit later during the same year, kosa la kwanza la [[computer crime]] duniani lilifanyika. Mwandishi wa programu alitumia kipande kidogo cha msimbo wa kompyuta kuzuia akaunti yake ya benki isionekane kama imezidiwa na matumizi. Hata hivyo, wakati huo hakukuwa na sheria zilizoweza kumzuia, na matokeo yake hakushtakiwa.<ref name=BriefHistory>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Computer Ethics |url=http://www.comphist.org/computing_history/new_page_5.htm |website=Learning Computing History |date=5 December 2004 |access-date=16 February 2011 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722091502/http://www.comphist.org/computing_history/new_page_5.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=Many grammatical errors. No references.|date=April 2015}} Ili kuhakikisha hakuna mtu mwingine angeiga kitendo hicho, kulihitajika kuwepo kanuni za maadili ya matumizi ya kompyuta. Mnamo mwaka 1973, [[Association for Computing Machinery]] (ACM) ilipitisha kanuni zake za kwanza za maadili.<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> [[SRI International]]'s [[Donn Parker]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sri.com/about/alumni/alumni-hall-fame-2002#Parker|title=Alumni Hall of Fame: Donn Parker|publisher=SRI International|access-date=2013-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130704050030/http://www.sri.com/about/alumni/alumni-hall-fame-2002#Parker|archive-date=2013-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> mwandishi wa masuala ya uhalifu wa kompyuta, aliongoza kamati iliyotengeneza kanuni hizo.<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> Mnamo mwaka 1976, mwalimu na mtafiti wa tiba Walter Maner aliona kuwa maamuzi ya kimaadili huwa magumu zaidi pale kompyuta zinapohusishwa. Aliona kuna haja ya tawi tofauti la maadili kwa ajili ya kushughulikia masuala ya kompyuta. Ndipo neno "computer ethics" likazaliwa.<ref name=BynumVeryShort/><ref name=BynumSEP/> Mwaka huo huo, [[Joseph Weizenbaum]] alifanya mchango mkubwa wa pili kwenye uwanja wa maadili ya kompyuta. Alitoa kitabu kinachoitwa ''[[Computer Power and Human Reason]]'',<ref name=ObituaryWeizenbaum>{{cite news |title=Obituary: Joseph Weizenbaum |url=http://tech.mit.edu/V128/N12/weizenbaum.html |newspaper=The Tech |edition=Online |volume=128 |issue=12 |date=14 March 2008 |publisher=MIT News office |location=Cambridge, MA |access-date=29 April 2015 |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209130151/http://tech.mit.edu/V128/N12/weizenbaum.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ambacho kilieleza kuwa [[artificial intelligence]] ni nzuri kwa dunia; hata hivyo haipaswi kuruhusiwa kufanya maamuzi makubwa kwa sababu haina sifa za kibinadamu kama hekima. Hoja yake kuu ilikuwa tofauti kati ya kuamua (deciding) na kuchagua (choosing). Alidai kuwa kuamua ni shughuli ya kihisabati ya kompyuta, ilhali kuchagua si hivyo na ndicho kinachotutofautisha kama wanadamu. Baadaye mwaka huo huo [[Abbe Mowshowitz]], profesa wa Sayansi ya Kompyuta katika City College of New York, alichapisha makala iitwayo "On approaches to the study of social issues in computing." Makala hiyo ilibainisha na kuchambua upendeleo wa kiufundi na usio wa kiufundi katika utafiti kuhusu masuala ya kijamii ndani ya kompyuta. Mnamo 1978, [[Right to Financial Privacy Act]] ilipitishwa na Bunge la Marekani, ikipunguza kwa kiwango kikubwa uwezo wa serikali kuchunguza rekodi za benki.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Right to Financial Privacy Act |website=Electronic Privacy Information Center |url=https://epic.org/privacy/rfpa/ |access-date=29 April 2015 |archive-date=18 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418225108/https://epic.org/privacy/rfpa/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka uliofuata, [[Terrell Ward Bynum]], profesa wa falsafa katika Southern Connecticut State University na Mkurugenzi wa Research Center on Computing and Society, aliandaa mtaala wa kozi ya chuo kikuu juu ya maadili ya kompyuta.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ear/cs349/Bynum_Short_History.html|title=A Very Short History of Computer Ethics ( Text Only) - The Research Center on Computing & Society|website=www.cs.utexas.edu|access-date=2020-02-26|archive-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128182408/http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~ear/cs349/Bynum_Short_History.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Bynum pia alikuwa mhariri wa jarida la ''[[Metaphilosophy (journal)|Metaphilosophy]].''<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> Mnamo 1983 jarida hilo liliendesha shindano la insha juu ya mada ya maadili ya kompyuta na kuchapisha insha zilizoshinda katika toleo lake maalum la 1985, “Computers and Ethics.”<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> Mnamo 1984, Bunge la Marekani lilipitisha Small Business Computer Security and Education Act, ambalo liliunda baraza la ushauri chini ya [[Small Business Administration]] ili kuzingatia usalama wa kompyuta kwa biashara ndogo.<ref>{{USBill|98|HR|3075|pipe=Small Business Computer Security and Education Act of 1984|site=yes}}</ref> Mwaka 1985, [[James H. Moor]], profesa wa falsafa katika Dartmouth College huko New Hampshire, alichapisha insha iitwayo "What is Computer Ethics?"<ref name=BynumSEP/> Katika insha hii Moor alieleza kuwa maadili ya kompyuta yanahusisha mambo yafuatayo: "(1) utambuzi wa mapengo ya sera yanayoundwa na kompyuta, (2) ufafanuzi wa mkanganyiko wa dhana, (3) uundaji wa sera za matumizi ya teknolojia ya kompyuta, na (4) uhalalishaji wa kimaadili wa sera hizo."<ref name=BynumVeryShort/> Mwaka huo huo, [[Deborah G. Johnson]], profesa wa Maadili ya Kivitendo na mwenyekiti wa Idara ya Sayansi, Teknolojia na Jamii katika Shule ya Uhandisi na Sayansi Inayotumika ya Chuo Kikuu cha Virginia, alichapisha kitabu cha kwanza kikuu kuhusu maadili ya kompyuta.<ref name=BynumSEP/> Kitabu chake kilibaini masuala makuu ya utafiti katika maadili ya kompyuta kwa zaidi ya miaka 10 baada ya kuchapishwa kwa toleo la kwanza.<ref name=BynumSEP/> Mnamo 1988, Robert Hauptman, maktaba katika St. Cloud University, alianzisha neno "[[information ethics]]", likimaanisha uhifadhi, uzalishaji, upatikanaji na usambazaji wa taarifa.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=The Handbook of Information and Computer Ethics {{!}} Wiley|url=https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Handbook+of+Information+and+Computer+Ethics-p-9780471799597|access-date=2020-12-06|website=Wiley.com|language=en-us|archive-date=2022-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206113051/https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Handbook+of+Information+and+Computer+Ethics-p-9780471799597|url-status=live}}</ref> Wakati huohuo, [[Privacy Act of 1974#Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act|Computer Matching and Privacy Act]] ilipitishwa na sheria hii ilipunguza mipaka ya serikali ya Marekani katika kutambua wadaiwa.<ref>{{USBill|100|S|496|pipe=Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988|site=yes}}</ref> Mwaka 1992, ACM ilipitisha seti mpya ya kanuni za maadili iitwayo "ACM code of Ethics and Professional Conduct"<ref name=ACMethics>{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics|title=ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct|publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery|ACM]]|date=16 October 1992|access-date=2014-08-09|archive-date=2014-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805235706/http://www.acm.org/about/code-of-ethics|url-status=live}}</ref> ambayo ilijumuisha kauli 24 za uwajibikaji binafsi. Miaka mitatu baadaye, 1995, Krystyna Górniak-Kocikowska, profesa wa falsafa katika Southern Connecticut State University, Mratibu wa Programu ya Masomo ya Dini, pamoja na mtafiti mkuu katika Research Center on Computing and Society, alikuja na wazo kuwa maadili ya kompyuta hatimaye yatakuwa mfumo wa kimaadili wa kimataifa na kwamba maadili ya kompyuta yangalibadilisha maadili ya jumla na kuwa kiwango cha maadili ya zama za taarifa.<ref name=BynumSEP/> Mnamo 1999, Deborah Johnson alitoa maoni yake ambayo yalipingana na ya Górniak-Kocikowska, akisema kwamba maadili ya kompyuta hayatabadilika bali yatakuwa ni maadili ya zamani yenye mabadiliko madogo.<ref name=":1" /> Baada ya karne ya 20, kufuatia mijadala mingi kuhusu miongozo ya kimaadili, mashirika mengi kama ABET<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.abet.org/about-abet/|title=About ABET {{!}} ABET|website=www.abet.org|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-03|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612222730/http://www.abet.org/about-abet/|url-status=live}}</ref> yalianza kutoa vyeti vya maadili kwa programu za Vyuo Vikuu au Taasisi kama vile "Applied and Natural Science, Computing, Engineering and Engineering Technology katika ngazi ya shahada ya awali, shahada ya kwanza na shahada ya uzamili" ili kukuza kazi bora zinazofuata miongozo ya kimaadili na kimaadili bora. == Wasiwasi == [[Uhalifu wa Kompyuta]], [[Usiri wa Mtandao]], [[Kutokujulikana]], [[Uhuru]], na [[Haki Miliki]] ni mada zitakazojitokeza katika mustakabali wa maadili ya kompyuta.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Vacura|first=Miroslav|title=The History of Computer Ethics and its Future Challenges|url=https://www.academia.edu/40054133|journal=Information Technology and Society Interaction and Interdependence. Proceedings of 23rd Interdisciplinary Information Management Talks (IDIMT 2015)|date=January 2015 |language=en|access-date=2019-12-14|archive-date=2023-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409161222/https://www.academia.edu/40054133|url-status=live}}</ref> Masuala ya kimaadili yameunganishwa na [[Intaneti ya Vitu (IoT)]] ambapo vifaa vingi vya kifizikia vinaunganishwa na mtandao.<ref name=":0" /> [[Fedha za Mtandaoni]] zikihusiana na uwiano wa uhusiano wa kibiashara kati ya mnunuzi na muuzaji.<ref name=":0" /> Teknolojia inayojitegemea kama vile magari yanayojiendesha inalazimika kufanya maamuzi ya kibinadamu. Pia kuna wasiwasi kuhusu jinsi magari hayo yanavyojitegemea yangetenda katika nchi zenye tamaduni tofauti.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Maxmen|first=Amy|date=2018-10-24|title=Self-driving car dilemmas reveal that moral choices are not universal|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=562|issue=7728|pages=469–470|doi=10.1038/d41586-018-07135-0|pmid=30356197|bibcode=2018Natur.562..469M|doi-access=free}}</ref> Hatari za kiusalama zimebainishwa katika [[Huduma za Wingu]] kwani kila mwingiliano wa mtumiaji unatumwa na kuchambuliwa kwenye vituo vikuu vya kompyuta.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last1=Hashizume|first1=Keiko|last2=Rosado|first2=David G.|last3=Fernández-Medina|first3=Eduardo|last4=Fernandez|first4=Eduardo B.|date=2013-02-27|title=An analysis of security issues for cloud computing|journal=Journal of Internet Services and Applications|volume=4|issue=1|pages=5|doi=10.1186/1869-0238-4-5|issn=1869-0238|doi-access=free}}</ref> Vifaa vya akili bandia kama [[Amazon Alexa]] na [[Google Home]] hukusanya taarifa binafsi kutoka kwa watumiaji majumbani na kuzipakia kwenye wingu. [[Siri]] ya Apple na [[Cortana]] ya Microsoft kwenye simu mahiri pia hukusanya taarifa, kuzichambua, kisha kumrudishia taarifa mtumiaji. ===Usiri wa Mtandao=== {{main|Usiri wa Mtandao}} Kompyuta na teknolojia ya habari zimesababisha wasiwasi kuhusu ukusanyaji na matumizi ya taarifa binafsi.<ref>{{Citation|last1=van den Hoven|first1=Jeroen|title=Privacy and Information Technology|date=2020|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2020/entries/it-privacy/|encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Summer 2020|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University|access-date=2020-10-31|last2=Blaauw|first2=Martijn|last3=Pieters|first3=Wolter|last4=Warnier|first4=Martijn}}</ref> Kwa mfano, Google ilishtakiwa mwaka 2018 kwa kufuatilia maeneo ya watumiaji bila ruhusa.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-sued-over-keeping-location-data-amid-privacy-concerns/ |title=Google sued over tracking user location amid privacy concerns |access-date=2019-03-24 |archive-date=2019-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210071243/https://www.cnet.com/news/google-sued-over-keeping-location-data-amid-privacy-concerns/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Pia mnamo Julai 2019, Facebook ilifikia makubaliano ya kulipa dola bilioni 5 kwa Tume ya Biashara ya Marekani (FTC) kwa kukiuka makubaliano ya kulinda faragha ya watumiaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Emma |first=Bowman |date=9 April 2021 |title=Facebook reached a $5 billion settlement with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/04/09/986005820/after-data-breach-exposes-530-million-facebook-says-it-will-not-notify-users |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=npr.org |archive-date=15 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215232546/https://www.npr.org/2021/04/09/986005820/after-data-breach-exposes-530-million-facebook-says-it-will-not-notify-users |url-status=live }}</ref> Sekta nzima ya zana za kimaadili na usiri imekua kwa muda, ikiwapa watu nafasi ya kuchagua kutochangia taarifa zao mtandaoni. Mara nyingi hizi ni programu huria ambazo huruhusu watumiaji kuhakikisha kuwa taarifa zao hazihifadhiwi bila ridhaa yao.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ethical.net/resources/ |title=Ethical Alternatives and Resources |access-date=2019-03-24 |archive-date=2019-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324175357/https://ethical.net/resources/ |url-status=live }}</ref> === Akili bandia === {{Excerpt|Ethics of artificial intelligence|templates=-Artificial intelligence}} == Athari za kunakili kinyume cha sheria == Athari za kunakili kinyume cha sheria katika ulimwengu wa kidijitali, hasa zilizosomwa katika tasnia ya programu za kompyuta na muziki uliorekodiwa, zimeibua wasiwasi mkubwa miongoni mwa wachumi wanaojikita kwenye ushahidi wa vitendo. Wakati tasnia ya programu inaendelea kustawi licha ya kunakili kwa njia ya kidijitali, sekta ya muziki uliorekodiwa inashuhudia kushuka kwa mapato, hasa kutokana na kuongezeka kwa usambazaji wa faili za MP3. Kuthibitisha athari za matumizi yasiyolipiwa kwa matumizi yanayolipiwa ni changamoto kutokana na ugumu wa kupata data za matumizi yasiyolipiwa na kutoa hitimisho la kisababishi. ''Ingawa swali linaonekana rahisi—kiwango ambacho matumizi yasiyolipiwa ya muziki uliorekodiwa yanaharibu matumizi yanayolipiwa—jibu ni gumu kuthibitisha kwa ushahidi, kwa sababu mbili.''<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Merrill |first1=Stephen A. |title=Copyright in the Digital Era: Building Evidence for Policy |last2=William J. |first2=Raduchel |date=2013-05-30 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0309278959 |doi=10.17226/14686}}</ref> Tafiti za kimaeneo zinaonyesha kwa uthabiti athari mbaya kwa matumizi ya muziki unaolipiwa, zikionyesha uwezekano wa kuchangia kuporomoka kwa mauzo ya muziki uliorekodiwa. Kuibuka kwa cyberlockers na mabadiliko ya haraka ya kiteknolojia kunazidisha ugumu wa kuchambua athari za mapato katika sekta za maudhui, jambo linaloonyesha haja ya utafiti endelevu na mtazamo wa kina katika sera za hakimiliki zinazozingatia athari za ustawi wa watumiaji na mgawanyo wa malipo kwa wasanii na wabunifu. ==Viwango vya Kimaadili== Jumuiya na mashirika mbalimbali ya kitaifa na kimataifa ya kitaaluma yametoa nyaraka za kanuni za maadili ili kutoa miongozo ya msingi ya tabia kwa wataalamu wa kompyuta na watumiaji. Hizi ni pamoja na: ; [[Association for Computing Machinery]] : Kanuni ya Maadili na Mwenendo wa Kitaaluma ya ACM<ref name=ACMethics/> ; [[Australian Computer Society]] : Kanuni ya Maadili ya ACS<ref>{{citation |title=ACS Code of Ethics |publisher=Australian Computer Society |date=12 June 2012 |url=http://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics_Final_12.6.12.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514222117/https://acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/7835/Code-of-Ethics_Final_12.6.12.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2013 }}</ref> : Kanuni ya Mwenendo wa Kitaaluma ya ACS<ref>{{citation |editor1-last=Graham |editor1-first=Ruth |title=ACS Code of Professional Conduct |publisher=Australian Computer Society |date=July 2012 |url=http://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/4901/Code-of-Professional-Conduct.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406205255/http://acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/4901/Code-of-Professional-Conduct.pdf |archive-date=6 April 2014 }}</ref> ; [[British Computer Society]] : Kanuni ya Mwenendo ya BCS<ref>{{citation |title=Code of Conduct for BCS Members |url=http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/conduct.pdf |date=8 June 2011 |publisher=BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT |access-date=10 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012202833/http://www.bcs.org/upload/pdf/conduct.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> : Kanuni ya Mazoea Mema (ilipumzishwa Mei 2011)<ref>{{cite web |title=BCS Trustee Board agrees revised Code of Conduct |date=3 May 2011 |url=http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/39989 |website=BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT |access-date=28 April 2015 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303212357/http://www.bcs.org/content/conWebDoc/39989 |url-status=live }}</ref> ; [[German Informatics Society]] : Miongozo ya Kimaadili ya Jumuiya ya Informatics ya Ujerumani (iliyorekebishwa Juni 29, 2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=Ethical Guidelines of the German Informatics Society |date=7 September 2022 |url=https://gi.de/ethicalguidelines |access-date=7 September 2022 |archive-date=7 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220907084709/https://gi.de/ethicalguidelines |url-status=live }}</ref> ; [[Computer Ethics Institute]] : [[Amri Kumi za Maadili ya Kompyuta]] ; [[IEEE]] : Kanuni ya Maadili ya IEEE<ref>{{citation |chapter=7.8 IEEE Code of Ethics |chapter-url=https://www.ieee.org/about/corporate/governance/index.html |title=IEEE Policies, Section 7 - Professional Activities |publisher=IEEE |access-date=2010-10-13 |archive-date=2010-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010082948/http://www.ieee.org/membership_services/membership/ethics_code.html |url-status=live }}</ref> : Kanuni ya Mwenendo ya IEEE<ref>{{citation |title=IEEE Code of Conduct |url=https://www.ieee.org/content/dam/ieee-org/ieee/web/org/about/ieee_code_of_conduct.pdf |date=June 2014 |publisher=IEEE |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-date=2015-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322045219/http://www.ieee.org/about/ieee_code_of_conduct.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> ; [[League of Professional System Administrators]] : Kanuni ya Maadili ya Wasimamizi wa Mifumo<ref>{{cite web |title=The System Administrators' Code of Ethics |url=https://lopsa.org/CodeofEthics |website=League of Professional System Administrators |publisher=USENIX Association |date=2006 |access-date=2013-11-21 |archive-date=2013-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030134231/https://lopsa.org/CodeOfEthics |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Angalia pia== * [[Cyberethics]] * [[Ethics of artificial intelligence]] * [[Copyright infringement]] * [[Programming ethics]] * [[Social informatics]] * [[Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics]] * [[Who Controls the Internet?]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Category:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] 594r6xpoyrfagw9fmv9vst8w9de4sp6 0 211781 1614045 1529206 2026-11-05T21:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614045 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wanawake katika Vita vya Kisovyeti–Afghanistan''' walihusishwa katika kazi mbalimbali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ctc.usma.edu/the-mujahidat-dilemma-female-combatants-and-the-islamic-state/ |title=The Mujahidat Dilemma: Female Combatants and the Islamic State – Combating Terrorism Center at West Point |access-date=2021-07-17 |archive-date=2021-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617025502/https://ctc.usma.edu/the-mujahidat-dilemma-female-combatants-and-the-islamic-state/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Wanawake katika Jeshi == === Katika Vikosi vya Ulinzi vya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Afghanistan === Miaka ya vita ilishuhudia mambo ya kwanza kwa [[wanawake]] katika jeshi la [[Afghanistan]]. Mwaka 1983, Khatool Mohammadzai alikua mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka nchini humo kufunzwa urukaji wa parashuti. Hata hivyo, alinyimwa nafasi za mapigano, hivyo akahudumu kama mkufunzi aliyewaandaa askari kwa majukumu ya kuruka kwa parashuti na vikosi vya komandoo wakati wa vita.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Yousafzai|first=Sami|title=Afghanistan: The Trials of Woman Paratrooper Khatool Mohammadzai|magazine=Newsweek|url=http://www.newsweek.com/afghanistan-trials-woman-paratrooper-khatool-mohammadzai-66285|date=November 28, 2011|accessdate=December 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122045549/http://www.newsweek.com/afghanistan-trials-woman-paratrooper-khatool-mohammadzai-66285|archivedate=22 November 2013}}</ref>Mwaka [[1989]], Latifa Nabizada na dada yake Laliuma wakawa wanawake wa kwanza wawili kuwa marubani na kujiunga na shule ya kijeshi ya Afghanistan katika Jeshi la Anga la Afghanistan, ambapo hatimaye walikubaliwa baada ya kunyimwa nafasi mara kadhaa kwa kisingizio cha "sababu za kiafya."<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-12/latifa-nabizada-mama-asia-afghanistan/4489756|title=Meet Latifa Nabizada, Afghanistan's first woman military helicopter pilot|last=Sara|first=Sally|date=28 June 2013|work=Mama Asia|publisher=ABC|access-date=19 December 2016|archive-date=22 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222153448/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-02-12/latifa-nabizada-mama-asia-afghanistan/4489756|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:RAWA logo.png|thumb|250px|Nembo ya Chama cha Mapinduzi cha Wanawake wa Afghanistan (RAWA)]] ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake]] 09ko8zfr9igx3olcs4uhucf9tzu1n5r 0 212251 1614058 1580158 2026-11-05T21:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614058 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Zara_Yaqob.jpg|thumb|Zara Yakub alivyochorwa kabla ya [[karne ya 18]].]] '''Zara Yakubu''' ([[1399]] – [[26 Agosti]] [[1468]]) alikuwa [[Negus Negesti]] wa [[Ethiopia]] kwa [[jina rasmi]] ''Konstantino I'' kwa zaidi ya miaka 34 hadi [[kifo]] chake. Ndiye [[Kiongozi|mtawala]] bora wa nchi hiyo tangu wakati wa [[Ezana]] hadi [[Menelik II]]. ==Marejeo== {{refbegin|35em}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=The Abyssinians |last=Buxon |first=David |year=1970 |publisher=Praeger |location=New York |pages=48ff}} *{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000conn |last1=Connel |first1=Dan |last2=Killion |first2=Tom |year=2011 |publisher=The Scarecrow |isbn=978-081085952-4}} *{{cite thesis |type=Ph.D. thesis |title=The Oromo of Ethiopia, 1500–1850: with special emphasis on the Gibe region |last=Hassen |first=Mohammed |year=1983 |publisher=University of London |url=https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |page=22 |access-date=25 March 2020 |archive-date=13 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213003344/https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29226/1/10731321.pdf |url-status=dead}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia |last=Henze |first=Paul B. |year=2000 |publisher=Palgrave |location=New York |page=68 |isbn=1-85065-522-7}} *{{cite book |chapter=Crusading threats? Ethiopian-Egyptian relations in the 1440s |last=Krebs |first=Verena |year=2019 |title=Croisades en Afriqe |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/39048155 |pages=245–274 |isbn=978-281070557-3 |ref=none |access-date=12 May 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308201752/https://www.academia.edu/39048155 |url-status=live}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=The Ethiopians: A History |last=Pankhurst |first=Richard |year=2001 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |page=85}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=The Ethiopian Royal Chronicles |last=Pankhurst |first=Richard K. P. |year=1967 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Addis Ababa |page=32}} *{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Zare'a Ya'eqob, c. 1399 to 1468, Orthodox, Ethiopia |last=Selassie |first=Tsehai Berhane |encyclopedia=The Encyclopaedia Africana Dictionary of African Biography |editor-last=Ofosu-Appiah |editor-first=L. H. |publisher=Reference Publications |location=New York |via=Dictionary of African Christian Biography |url=http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/zarea_yaeqob.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806234930/http://www.dacb.org/stories/ethiopia/zarea_yaeqob.html |date=1977 |archive-date=6 August 2016}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=The Realm of Prester John |edition=paperback |last=Silverberg |first=Robert |year=1996 |author-link=Robert Silverberg |publisher=[[Ohio University Press]] |page=189 |isbn=1-84212-409-9}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=Church and State in Ethiopia |url=https://archive.org/details/churchstateineth0000tadd |last=Tamrat |first=Taddesse |year=1972 |publisher=Clarendon Press |location=Oxford |page=[https://archive.org/details/churchstateineth0000tadd/page/222 222] |isbn=0-19-821671-8 |ref={{harvid|Taddesse Tamrat|1972}}}} *{{Rejea kitabu |title=The Ethiopians: An Introduction to the Country and People |edition=second |last=Ullendorff |first=Edward |orig-year=1960 |year=1965 |author-link=Edward Ullendorff |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=London |page=69 |oclc=174435 |isbn=}} {{refend}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://tezeta.org/16/the-chronicle-of-the-emperor-zara-yaqob-1434-1468 ''The Chronicle of the Emperor Zara Yaqob'', translated by Richard Pankhurst] [https://web.archive.org/web/20060224211057/http://tezeta.org/16/the-chronicle-of-the-emperor-zara-yaqob-1434-1468 Archive.org mirror] {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1399|1468}} [[Jamii:mashemasi]] [[Jamii:wafalme wa Ethiopia]] l72bjggiwp5jvjo1fzkv4ymforblzf9 0 213194 1613871 1521685 2026-11-05T17:40:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613871 wikitext text/x-wiki [[picha:WWCF 2016 in Great Library(Daedoseogwan) 6.png|thumb|Na Dong-hyun]] '''Na Dong-hyun''' (alijulikana kama BuzzBean au ''The Great Library''; [[31 Oktoba]] [[1978]] - [[6 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa mtengeneza maudhui na [[mtangazaji]] wa michezo ya video kutoka [[Korea Kusini]]. Kupitia video zake za michezo, alipata wanachama zaidi ya milioni 1.4 na watazamaji bilioni 1.5. Alifariki nyumbani kwake Gwangjin-gu akiwa na miaka 46.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20160122025001|title=[서울신문이 만난 사람] 연간 수억대 수입 1인 창작자 나동현 씨|work=[[Seoul Shinmun]]|date=21 January 2016|access-date=6 September 2025|author=박현갑 기자|language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ditoday.com/articles/articles_view.html?idno=17667|title=“전 잘될 놈입니다” 대도서관|work=디아이투데이|date=29 March 2016|access-date=6 September 2025|author=송여진 기자|language=Korean|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329034401/http://www.ditoday.com/articles/articles_view.html?idno=17667|archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=dead|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=201604279118v|title=대도서관 "불법복제 논란 부끄럽다, 게임저작권은 개발사 몫"|work=한국경제|date=27 April 2016|access-date=6 September 2025|language=Korean|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507070244/http://www.hankyung.com/news/app/newsview.php?aid=201604279118v|archive-date=7 May 2016|url-status=dead|via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imaeil.com/page/view/2025090618595826737|title=사망 이틀전 "잠 못잤다"며 라방 5시간... 대도서관 마지막 모습|work=이메일리|author=류해미 기자|date=6 September 2025|access-date=6 September 2025|language=Korean}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://biz.heraldcorp.com/article/10569841|title=[단독]유튜버 대도서관 자택서 사망한 채 발견|author=이영기 기자|date=6 September 2025|access-date=6 September 2025|work=헤럴드코프|language=Korean}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Korea Kusini]] 5gxkyrxalsf1i2edk8qd3915jgt4yeb 0 213995 1613865 1521471 2026-11-05T17:33:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613865 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murad Yagizarov''' ([[18 Julai]] [[1939]] - [[13 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] maarufu wa [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] na [[Azerbaijan]]. Mnamo mwaka [[1982]], alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima kwa sababu ya mchango wake mkubwa katika sanaa ya uigizaji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hacı Murad Yegizarov və Fuad Poladov…|url=http://www.azadinform.az/news/a-914.html|access-date=2012-03-15|archive-date=2017-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223203022/http://www.azadinform.az/news/a-914.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.primetime.az/news,14392,76db49d/page,1/lang,az/|title="Onun dərdindən dəliyə dönmüşdüm"|author=Ülviyyə Həsənqızı|date=9 January 2017|publisher=Primetime.az|accessdate=12 February 2024|language=az|archive-date=2017-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425034459/http://www.primetime.az/news,14392,76db49d/page,1/lang,az|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hacı Murad Yagizarov: "Aktyoru hər adam başa düşə bilməz"|url=http://www.anl.az/down/medeniyyet2007/avqust/medeniyyet2007_avqust_216.htm|access-date=12 February 2024|archive-date=21 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021154337/http://www.anl.az/down/medeniyyet2007/avqust/medeniyyet2007_avqust_216.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha == Haji Murad Haji Ahmed oglu Yagizarov alizaliwa tarehe 18 Julai 1939 mjini Baku. Akiwa bado shuleni, alijiunga na kikundi cha maigizo na kuanza kuigiza. Muigizaji maarufu Alasgar Alakbarov alipoona uigizaji wake, alimshauri kujiunga na Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Maigizo. Kuanzia mwaka [[1958]] hadi [[1962]], alisomea uigizaji katika cha Chuo cha Sanaa Nzuri, Jimbo la Azerbaijan, akifundishwa na Maharram Hashimov. Tangu mwaka 1962, alifanya kazi na mshairi na mwandishi maarufu Samad Vurgun. Yagizarov alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti cha Umoja wa Kisovyeti kuanzia mwaka [[1973]] hadi [[1991]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Azerbaijan]] 9gv2y57l7wj2808oxuw2bd0acvr1k78 0 214687 1613860 1521272 2026-11-05T17:14:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Mradi wa Lattice''' ulikuwa mradi wa hiari wa kompyuta (volunteer computing) ambao uliunganisha rasilimali za kompyuta, middleware ya Grid, programu maalumu za kisayansi, na huduma za wavuti katika mfumo kamili wa kompyuta wa Grid kwa ajili ya uchambuzi wa kisayansi. Mradi huu ulitumia programu ya Genetic Algorithm for Rapid Likelihood Inference (GARLI) kubaini uhusiano kati ya sampuli tofauti za kijenetiki <ref>{{Rejea tovuti | url=https://cmns.umd.edu/news-events/features/2243 | title=UMD-led Public Computational Biology Web Service Gains Popularity | first=Michael | last=Cummings | date=June 16, 2014 | access-date=September 10, 2017 | publisher=University of Maryland | archive-date=September 10, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910174417/https://cmns.umd.edu/news-events/features/2243 | url-status=dead }}</ref>. ==Mfumo wa Mradi== Sehemu muhimu ya mradi huu ilitumia jukwaa la Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC). Mradi wa Lattice ulikuwa na tovuti yake tofauti ya BOINC, lakini tovuti hiyo haipo tena hivi sasa, jambo lililosababisha kufungwa kwa mradi huu kwa sababu BOINC inategemea tovuti hiyo kupata taarifa za usanidi ili kuanzisha mradi huu kwenye wateja wake. ==Marejeo== [[Category:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] pd5bwp6kvxakjodxn9hyesgaskioj3w 0 214798 1613834 1519761 2026-11-05T16:13:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martin George Southcote Mansergh''' ([[31 Desemba]] [[1946]] – [[26 Septemba]] [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Eire]] kutoka chama cha Fianna Fáil. Alikuwa Waziri wa Serikali kuanzia [[2008]] hadi [[2011]]. Pia alihudumu kama Teachta Dála (TD) wa jimbo la Tipperary South kati ya [[2007]] na 2011, na Seneta kupitia Agricultural Panel kuanzia [[2002]] hadi 2007. Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuunda sera za Fianna Fáil kuhusu [[Ireland ya Kaskazini]].<ref name="oireachtas_db">{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Dr-Martin-Mansergh.S.2002-09-12/|title=Martin Mansergh|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=19 January 2014|archive-date=7 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107010357/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Dr-Martin-Mansergh.S.2002-09-12|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ellis|first=Ian|title=Canon Ian Ellis Interviews Minister Martin Mansergh TD|url=http://gazette.ireland.anglican.org/audio/martinmansergh081010.html|publisher=Church of Ireland Gazette|access-date=4 July 2012|format=audio|date=8 October 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029192423/http://gazette.ireland.anglican.org/audio/martinmansergh081010.html|archive-date=29 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/a-respected-adviser-of-fianna-fail-taoisigh-1.308068|title=A respected adviser of Fianna Fail taoisigh|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2025-09-26|title=Former peace process adviser Martin Mansergh dies aged 78|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0q744lwk5lo|access-date=2025-09-26|website=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2008-05-13/18/|title=Appointment of Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (30th Dáil)|date=13 May 2008|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|access-date=7 January 2021|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028205059/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2008-05-13/18/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=16 May 2008 |title=Appointment of Ministers of State |url=https://irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2008/may/Ir2705081.PDF |url-status=live |journal=Iris Oifigiúil |volume=2008 |issue=43 |pages=562–563 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504121601/https://irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2008/may/Ir2705081.PDF |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite Irish legislation|year=2008|type=si|number=267|name=Arts, Sport and Tourism (Delegation of Ministerial Functions) Order 2008|date=17 June 2008|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-04-22/19/|title=Appointment of Ministers of State – Dáil Éireann (30th Dáil)|date=22 April 2009|access-date=28 September 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=18 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218114725/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/2009-04-22/19/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |date=19 June 2009 |title=Appointment of Ministers of State |url=https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2009/june/IR190609-NEW.PDF |url-status=live |journal=Iris Oifigiúil |volume=2009 |issue=49 |pages=833–834 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504094548/https://www.irisoifigiuil.ie/archive/2009/june/IR190609-NEW.PDF |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=4 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite Irish legislation|year=2009|type=si|number=227|name=Arts, Sport and Tourism (Delegation of Ministerial Functions) Order 2009|date=19 May 2009|access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ireland]] q15zk3dsuefypt9a1khppueiqz08xay 0 215015 1613806 1579682 2026-11-05T15:38:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia''' (au '''maendeleo ya kiteknolojia''') ni mchakato wa jumla wa uvumbuzi, ubunifu na kuenea kwa [[teknolojia]] au michakato.<ref name="Econ refsdon't">• "[http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_B000125&edition=&field=keyword&q=technical%20change&topicid=&r biased and biased technological change] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dictionaryofeconomics.com/article?id=pde2008_B000125&edition=&field=keyword&q=technical%20change&topicid=&r |date=20171105025850 }}" by Peter L. Rousseau.<br /><br />&nbsp; • "[http://www.dictionaryofeconomictimes.com/article?id=pde2008_S000493&edition=&field=keyword&q=technical%20change&topicid=&result_number=4 skill-biased technical change]{{Dead link|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" by Giovanni L. Violante.''</ref> Kwa asili, mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia yanashughulikia uvumbuzi ya teknolojia (ikiwa ni pamoja na michakato) na biashara za kiteknolojia au kutolewa kama chanzo wazi kupitia utafiti na maendeleo (kuzalisha teknolojia zinazoibuka), uboreshaji unaoendelea ya teknolojia (ambayo mara nyingi huwa chini ya gharama kubwa), na usambazaji wa teknolojia katika sekta au jamii (ambayo wakati mwingine inahusisha usumbufu na muunganiko). Kwa kifupi, mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia yanategemea sana teknolojia bora na zaidi. ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} [[Jamii:Teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Wiki Loves STEAMIA 2025]] 59oqh1tbjt8f7edm1kurf793z09fdi4 0 216909 1613874 1587129 2026-11-05T17:43:26Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613874 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naima Salhi''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Algeria]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Arab|first=The New|date=2018-02-10|title=Algeria lawmaker under fire over 'racist' attack on Berber language|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/opinion/algeria-lawmaker-under-fire-over-attack-berber-language|access-date=2022-02-16|website=english.alaraby.co.uk/|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216100114/https://english.alaraby.co.uk/opinion/algeria-lawmaker-under-fire-over-attack-berber-language|url-status=dead}}</ref> Salhi ni rais wa Chama cha Equity and Proclamation (PEP). Alichaguliwa kuwa [[mbunge]] katika Bunge la Taifa la Watu katika uchaguzi wa bunge wa mwaka 2017.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.apn.dz/fr/wf_menu_config/les-membres/2017-05-31-10-06-09/les-membres-de-la-8eme-legislature/search-by/appartenance--partisane?value=PARTI%20DE%20L%27EQUITE%20ET%20DE%20LA%20PROCLAMATION |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2025-12-19 |archive-date=2025-12-19 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20251219080110/http://www.apn.dz/fr/wf_menu_config/les-membres/2017-05-31-10-06-09/les-membres-de-la-8eme-legislature/search-by/appartenance--partisane?value=PARTI%20DE%20L'EQUITE%20ET%20DE%20LA%20PROCLAMATION |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Algeria]] ctuzv2lp8wtq2qameo9st6duujox4fl 0 216973 1613913 1523419 2026-11-05T18:32:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613913 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paulette Marcelline Adjovi-Yekpe'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-06-23 |title=Forty-four Civil Societies Write Benin Republic President Over Buratai's Appointment, List 19 Massacres Under Him As Army Chief {{!}} Sahara Reporters |url=https://saharareporters.com/2021/06/23/forty-four-civil-societies-write-benin-republic-president-over-buratai%E2%80%99s-appointment-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713022713/https://saharareporters.com/2021/06/23/forty-four-civil-societies-write-benin-republic-president-over-buratai%E2%80%99s-appointment-list |archive-date=2023-07-13 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> (amezaliwa [[16 Januari]] [[1955]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na [[balozi]] kutoka [[Benin]]. Alihudumu kwa muda mfupi kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje (Benin) mwaka 2023. ==Wasifu== Adjovi alizaliwa tarehe 16 Januari 1955, huko [[Porto-Novo]], Benin.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Agbayahoun |first=B. |date=2023-05-24 |title=Paulette Marcelline Adjovi promue ministre des Affaires étrangères |url=https://www.beninintelligent.com/paulette-marcelline-adjovi-yekpe-promue-ministre-des-affaires-etrangeres-benin/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607022707/https://www.beninintelligent.com/paulette-marcelline-adjovi-yekpe-promue-ministre-des-affaires-etrangeres-benin/ |archive-date=2023-06-07 |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=Bénin Intelligent |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Kabla ya uteuzi wake, Adjovi alihudumu kama balozi wa Benin nchini [[Nigeria]]. Yeye ni [[dada]] wa mbunge wa zamani Mathieu Adjovi. Yeye ni [[mwanamke]] wa pili kuhudumu katika wadhifa huo, baada ya Mariam Aladji Boni Diallo. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1955|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Benin]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Benin]] tingbfcgax18nj9p956xejjnvud2olc 0 218743 1613885 1475980 2026-11-05T17:54:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613885 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicky Hoberman''' (alezaliwa mwaka [[1967]]) ni [[msanii]] wa sanaa ya [[uchoraji]] (fine artist/painter) mzaliwa wa [[Afrika Kusini]], anayeishi [[London]]. Mtindo wake wa sanaa unahusisha uchoraji wa picha halisi (photorealism) unaochanganywa na uchoraji wa vikaragosi (caricature), pamoja na wahusika wenye sura au maumbo yasiyo ya kimantiki, wakiwa wamechorwa juu ya mandhari tambarare yenye nafasi zilizo sawa na tulivu.<ref name="Artodyssey">{{cite web|title=Nicky Hoberman|url=http://artodyssey1.blogspot.co.il/2013/05/nicky-hoberman.html|website=Artodyssey|accessdate=10 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215221616/http://artodyssey1.blogspot.co.il/2013/05/nicky-hoberman.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nicky Hoberman alizaliwa mwaka 1967 mjini [[Cape Town]], [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alisoma katika Chuo cha Worcester cha Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford kuanzia 1986 hadi 1989, ambapo alipata Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Historia ya Kisasa. Kuanzia 1989 hadi 1993, Hoberman alisoma katika Parsons School of Design huko Paris, ambako alipata Shahada ya Kwanza (BA) katika Sanaa ya Uchoraji (Fine Art). Mwaka 1992, alihudhuria Shule ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya Sanaa ya Yale nchini Marekani. Baadaye, alihitimu Shahada ya Uzamili (MA) katika Uchoraji kutoka Chelsea College of Art and Design jijini London, ambako alisoma kati ya 1994 na 1995.<ref name="Brooklyn">{{cite web|title=Nicky Hoberman|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/about/feminist_art_base/nicky-hoberman|publisher=Brooklyn Museum|access-date=12 September 2023|archive-date=18 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918224525/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/about/feminist_art_base/nicky-hoberman|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Afrika Kusini]] e8gbphzvcz75pi44hdlktac2ic830ke 0 218759 1614009 1527075 2026-11-05T20:30:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614009 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thenjiwe Niki Nkosi''' (alizaliwa [[1980]]) ni [[mchoraji]] na msanii wa sanaa ya vyombo mbalimbali (multi-media) mwenye uraia wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[Marekani]]. Mwaka 2019, alishinda Tuzo ya 15 ya Tollman, tuzo ya kila mwaka ya [[Afrika Kusini]] inayotolewa kwa wasanii wa sanaa za kuona.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.vanderbilt.edu/arts/2017/12/12/studio-vu-welcomes-thenjiwe-nkosi-on-january-10-2018/|title=Studio VU welcomes Thenjiwe Nkosi on January 10, 2018|website=Vanderbilt University|language=en|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223165819/https://www.vanderbilt.edu/arts/2017/12/12/studio-vu-welcomes-thenjiwe-nkosi-on-january-10-2018/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.nandos.co.uk/explore/art/artists/thenjiwe-niki-nkosi|title=Thenjiwe Niki Nkosi|last=|first=|date=|website=www.nandos.co.uk|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223165831/https://www.nandos.co.uk/explore/art/artists/thenjiwe-niki-nkosi|archive-date=2019-12-23|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> == Miaka ya awali na elimu == Nkosi alizaliwa mwaka 1980 mjini New York, kwa baba wa asili ya Afrika Kusini aliyekuwa uhamishoni na mama wa asili ya Kigiriki–Mmarekani. Mwaka 1989, alihamia Harare, na baadaye mwaka 1992 alihamia Johannesburg. Ana Shahada ya Kwanza (Bachelor’s degree) kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard, pamoja na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Sanaa (MFA) kutoka School of Visual Arts mjini [[Jiji la New York|New York]]. <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.stevenson.info/|title=STEVENSON|last=STEVENSON|website=STEVENSON|language=en|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-date=2019-11-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191120064339/https://www.stevenson.info/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/south-african-artist-thenjiwe-niki-nkosi-receives-the-15th-tollman-award/|title=South African Artist Thenjiwe Niki Nkosi Receives the 15th Tollman Award {{!}} Contemporary And|website=www.contemporaryand.com|language=de|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.theafricacenter.org/event-thenjiwe/|title=Thenjiwe Niki Nkosi: Gymnasium|date=2019-09-13|website=The Africa Center|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223173834/https://www.theafricacenter.org/event-thenjiwe/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.documentjournal.com/2019/11/artist-thenjiwe-niki-nkosi-reveals-and-defies-the-white-supremacist-underpinnings-of-elite-gymnastics/|title=Artist Thenjiwe Niki Nkosi reveals—and defies—the white supremacist underpinnings of elite gymnastics|date=2019-11-07|website=Document Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191223173832/https://www.documentjournal.com/2019/11/artist-thenjiwe-niki-nkosi-reveals-and-defies-the-white-supremacist-underpinnings-of-elite-gymnastics/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:wachoraji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Afrika Kusini]] qo0uxs18k01j93qmmn6kdvrqbl9wm49 0 218925 1613808 1518923 2026-11-05T15:44:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Majida Khattari''' (alizaliwa [[Moroko]], [[1966]]) <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Renard |first=Johanna |date=2013 |others=Translated from French by Lucy Pons. |title=Majida Khattari |url=https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/majida-khattari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321082659/https://awarewomenartists.com/en/artiste/majida-khattari/ |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=Archives of Women Artists, Research and Exhibitions (AWARE) |publisher=Dictionnaire universel des créatrices |language=en-US}}</ref> ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa wa fani mbalimbali wa [[Ufaransa]]. <ref name=":0"/> Kazi yake mara nyingi hushughulikia mitindo na miili ya wanawake katika Uislamu wa kisasa.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Segretain |first=Daphné |date=12 April 2010 |title=Franco-Moroccan visual artist Majida Khattari unveils her burqas |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20100412-franco-moroccan-visual-artist-majida-khattari-unveils-burqas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418014055/https://www.france24.com/en/20100412-franco-moroccan-visual-artist-majida-khattari-unveils-burqas |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=[[France 24]] |language=en}}</ref>Anajulikana kwa maonyesho yake ya mitindo ya jukwaani, ambayo yanaunganisha maonyesho ya mitindo ya Kimagharibi na mavazi na utamaduni wa Kiislamu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Khattari Majida |url=https://iniva.org/library/digital-archive/people/k/khattari-majida |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815093555/https://iniva.org/library/digital-archive/people/k/khattari-majida/ |archive-date=15 August 2022 |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=[[Iniva]] |publisher=[[Stuart Hall Library]] |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Khattari, Majida}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Moroko]] b0zollshzsw327ruim1mz0if6gtoljh 0 219441 1613904 1523145 2026-11-05T18:21:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613904 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paa Joe''' (neé Joseph Tetteh-Ashong; alizaliwa [[1947]]) ni [[mchongaji]] kutoka [[Ghana]], na palanquin ya kitamathali na seremala wa ajabu wa jeneza. Joe alichukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa [[wasanii]] muhimu zaidi wa Ghana au abebuu adekai (“kisanduku cha methali”) wa kizazi chake.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Jennings|first=Lewis|date=2018-12-01|title=Rest in peace and art: Ghanaians are putting the fun into funerals by getting buried in artsy coffins shaped like animals and even Coke bottles|journal=Index on Censorship|language=en|volume=47|issue=4|pages=34–35|doi=10.1177/0306422018819317|s2cid=149915921|issn=0306-4220|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida|last=Otto|first=Kristin|date=2019-03-29|title=Shapes of the Ancestors: Bodies, Animals, Art, and Ghanaian Fantasy Coffins|journal=Museum Anthropology Review|language=en|volume=13|issue=1–2|pages=47–58|doi=10.14434/mar.v13i1.26580|s2cid=194619425|issn=1938-5145|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paa Joe: Gates of No Return|url=https://high.org/exhibition/paa-joe-gates-of-no-return/|access-date=2021-12-03|website=High Museum of Art|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203175736/https://high.org/exhibition/paa-joe-gates-of-no-return/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alihusika katika ulimwengu wa sanaa wa kimataifa tangu mwaka 1989, na alijumuishwa katika maonyesho makubwa huko [[Uropa]], [[Japani]], na [[USA]]. Jeneza zake za fantasia ziko kwenye mikusanyo na kuonyeshwa kudumu katika makumbusho mengi ya sanaa duniani kote, ikiwa ni pamoja na Makumbusho ya [[Uingereza]] huko [[London]], Makumbusho ya [[Brooklyn]] huko [[New York]], Makumbusho ya [[Royal Ontario]] nchini [[Kanada]], Makumbusho ya Sanaa Nzuri, [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]], Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Ethnology huko [[Osaka]] na mengine mengi pamoja na mikusanyo ya kibinafsi ya watu mashuhuri wa kigeni.<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coffin in the Form of a Nike Sneaker|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/161758|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-12-03|website=Brooklyn Museum|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203175740/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/161758}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=coffin|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af2000-06-4-a-b|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=The British Museum|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203175736/https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af2000-06-4-a-b}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Jansen|first=Charlotte|date=2016-11-24|title=How Ghana's top fantasy coffin artist has put the fun in funeral|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/paa-joe-ghana-fantasy-coffin-artist-casket-funeral|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-03|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203182435/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/24/paa-joe-ghana-fantasy-coffin-artist-casket-funeral}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Rejea habari|last=Carrigan|first=Margaret|date=21 November 2017|title=Paa Joe's Fantasy Coffins Are Now Recognized as Contemporary Art in Ghana|work=The New York Observer}}</ref> Joe anaunda chuo cha sanaa na matunzio ili kusaidia jamii na wanafunzi wa sanaa kote ulimwenguni. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Ghana]] rg48zn6sye48ww4c4ytn28zdh1p06jh 0 219816 1613923 1479461 2026-11-05T18:37:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613923 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pilipili Mulongoy''' (pia huandikwa '''Pili Pili Mulongoy'''; [[12 Februari]] [[1914]] – 10 Machi [[2007]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Alikulia katika Jimbo la [[Shaba]] la Kongo ya Kibelgiji na alifanya kazi kama fundi bomba na mpakaji rangi wa majengo wakati wa ujana wake. Baada ya kufanya mtihani wa kuchora katika studio moja huko Élisabethville (sasa [[Lubumbashi]]), Mulongoy alikuza kwa kina ufundi wake wa uchoraji wa mandhari ya asili katika miaka iliyofuata. Baadaye alifundisha masomo katika chuo cha sanaa cha huko Élisabethville. Kazi zake zilipata umaarufu katika Kongo ya Kibelgiji na hasa [[Ulaya]]. Michoro ya Mulongoy ilinunuliwa na wanachama wa familia ya kifalme ya [[Ubelgiji]]. Tangu kifo chake mwaka 2007 michoro yake imeonyeshwa katika maonyesho kadhaa barani [[Afrika]], Ulaya na [[Amerika Kaskazini]]. ==Wasifu== Pilipili Mulongoy, ambaye jina lake la kuzaliwa lilikuwa ''Mulongoyi Nkulu Mitenga Philippe'', alizaliwa tarehe 12 Februari 1914 katika mji wa Ankoro ulioko katika Jimbo la Shaba la Kongo ya Kibelgiji ambayo sasa inajulikana kama Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC).<ref name=nmaa>{{cite web | url=https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/encounters/mulongoy.htm | title=Pilipili Mulongoy | publisher=National Museum of African Art | accessdate=December 5, 2023 | archive-date=October 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019181039/https://africa.si.edu/exhibits/encounters/mulongoy.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=radio>{{cite news | url=https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2008/11/19/peinture-des-tableaux-de-feu-lartiste-pili-pili-exposes-a%25c2%25a0-lhotel-memling | title=Painting: paintings by the late artist Pili Pili exhibited at the Memling Hotel | work=Radio Okapi | date=November 19, 2008 | accessdate=December 5, 2023 | archive-date=August 6, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806161759/https://www.radiookapi.net/sans-categorie/2008/11/19/peinture-des-tableaux-de-feu-lartiste-pili-pili-exposes-a%25c2%25a0-lhotel-memling | url-status=live }}</ref> Baba yake alikuwa mvuvi na Mulongoy hapo awali alifanya kazi kama fundi bomba na mpakaji rangi wa majengo.<ref name=lpost>{{cite news | url=https://lpost.be/2022/01/07/pili-pili-mulongoy-le-maitre-de-lart-moderne-africain-se-devoile-chez-artcurial/ | title=Pili Pili Mulongoy, the Master of Modern African Art, is Revealed at Artcurial | work=L-Post | date=January 7, 2022 | accessdate=December 5, 2023 | author=Kerzmann, Régine | archive-date=August 6, 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806160743/https://lpost.be/2022/01/07/pili-pili-mulongoy-le-maitre-de-lart-moderne-africain-se-devoile-chez-artcurial/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Baada ya mtihani wa kuchora huko Élisabethville (sasa Lubumbashi), mhamiaji wa [[Ufaransa]] ''Pierre Romain Desfosses'' alimwajiri Mulongoy mwaka 1947.<ref name=dalby>{{cite journal | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735610690 | title=Congolese artists dazzle in Paris | author=Dalby, Alexa | journal=African Banker | date=Fourth Quarter 2015 | issue=34 | pages=56–57 | access-date=2023-12-06 | archive-date=2023-12-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207023748/https://www.proquest.com/docview/1735610690/403CAA380F314629PQ/8?accountid=196403&forcedol=true | id={{ProQuest|1735610690}} | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=africaarts>{{cite journal | url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/6/article/638851 | title=Beauté Congo—1926–2015—Congo Kitoko (review) | author=Dewalque, Nicolas; Sullivan, Elaine | journal=African Arts | date=Winter 2016 | volume=49 | issue=4 | pages=84–89 | access-date=2023-12-06 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1914|2007}} [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 7pwi0920qg1d353ypb8zksmw4b7mk7c 0 221139 1613999 1574471 2026-11-05T20:17:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tam Fiofori''' ([[1942]] - [[25 Juni]] [[2024]]) alikuwa mpiga picha za hali halisi wa [[Nigeria]]. Akiwa maarufu kwa albamu zake zilizoelezea historia ya Nigeria, Fiofori pia alikuwa mtengenezaji wa filamu, [[mwandishi]], mkosoaji na mshauri wa vyombo vya habari. Mada za filamu zake ni pamoja na wasanii wa Nigeria Biodun Olaku, J. D. 'Okhai Ojeikere na Olu Amoda. Alisafiri sana, Fiofori aliishi Harlem, [[New York]], katika miaka ya 1960, alikuwa meneja wa Sun Ra, na kutoa maandishi ambayo yalichukuliwa kuwa "uhusiano mwanzilishi kati ya Ra na harakati ambayo ingejulikana kama Afrofuturism".<ref name=PASS>[https://panafricanspacestation.org.za/tam-fiofiri-the-speed-of-thought/ "Tam Fiofiri- The Speed of Thought"] {{Wayback|url=https://panafricanspacestation.org.za/tam-fiofiri-the-speed-of-thought/ |date=20201006151508 }}, The Pan African Space Station (PASS).</ref>Fiofori alifariki tarehe 25 Juni 2024, akiwa na umri wa miaka 82.<ref>[https://thelagosreview.ng/irep-mourns-as-tam-fiofori-renowned-nigerian-storyteller-passes-away-at-82/ "iREP mourns as Tam Fiofori, renowned Nigerian storyteller, passes away at 82"], ''[[The Lagos Review]]'', 26 June 2024.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Nigeria]] mug2xhhpw0vb1wyagv4wy2xxgr8ojeo 0 221766 1613934 1485698 2026-11-05T18:51:55Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rauf Janbakhish oghlu Abdullayev''' (Azerbaijani: Rauf Canbaxış oğlu Abdullayev; alizaliwa 29 Oktoba [[1937]]) ni mtawala mkuu wa orkestra ya Azerbaijan State Symphony Orchestra, profesa, na Mkurugenzi wa Sanaa wa Watu wa Azerbaijan SSR. Amefanikiwa kushinda Tuzo ya Serikali ya [[Azerbaijan]] SSR, amepokea heshima ya Amri ya Istiglal, na pia tuzo ya kimataifa ya "Golden Plane".<ref>{{cite journal |date=October 2015 |title=50 il dirijor pultu arxasında... |url=http://bookcollector.az/file/pic/xeber//2018-04/1523740824_oktyabr.pdf |journal=Mədəniyyət.AZ |volume=296 |pages=49 |access-date=6 November 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106120152/http://bookcollector.az/file/pic/xeber//2018-04/1523740824_oktyabr.pdf |archive-date=6 November 2020 }}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} 9cmlnruvgrmoqfz91x3wnjvn2l9d6g3 0 222014 1613889 1522234 2026-11-05T17:56:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{wikigapjwk2026}}}} '''Nina Marion Armagno'''<ref name="yearbook">{{cite book |url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/usafayearbooks/1985.pdf |title=Polaris |date=1988 |publisher=[[United States Air Force Academy]] |location=[[Colorado Springs, Colorado]] |volume=XXX |page=475 |access-date=July 22, 2021 |archive-date=March 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190326130215/https://s3.amazonaws.com/usafayearbooks/1985.pdf |url-status=live }} {{PD-notice}}</ref> (alizaliwa 20 Machi 1966)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://sortedbybirthdate.com/small_pages/1966/19660320_1013.html|title=Persons born on 20 March 1966, MICHAEL A. KANE to Norberto Jose Albalat|website=sortedbybirthdate.com|access-date=August 4, 2021|archive-date=August 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804005823/https://sortedbybirthdate.com/small_pages/1966/19660320_1013.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ni luteni jenerali mstaafu wa Jeshi la anga la Marekani, ambaye aliwahi kuhudumu kama [[director of staff of the United States Space Force|Mkurugenzi wa Wafanyakazi wa]] Jeshi la anga la Marekani wa kwanza kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2023. Yeye ni mwanamke wa kwanza kufikia cheo cha Afisa mkuu katika kikosi hicho na ndiye afisa pekee aliyewahi kuongoza kwa wakati tofauti [[30th Space Wing]] na [[45th Space Wing]]. Kabla ya kuhamia Space Force, alikuwa [[Major general (United States)|meja jenerali]] katika Jeshi la anga la Marekani, ambako alihudumu kwa zaidi ya miaka 32.<ref name=bio>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2387835/lieutenant-general-nina-m-armagno/|title=Lieutenant General Nina M. Armagno|website=[[United States Space Force]]|date=September 2021|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094238/https://www.spaceforce.mil/SFB/Display/Article/2387835/lieutenant-general-nina-m-armagno/|url-status=dead}} {{PD-notice}}</ref> Baada ya kustaafu kutoka huduma ya kijeshi ya kazi, Armagno alijiunga na bodi ya wakurugenzi ya [[Rocket Lab]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == [[File:Cdt Nina M. Armagno.jpg|thumb|left|Armagno akiwa kadeti katika USAFA|125px]] Armagno alizaliwa mwaka 1966 na wazazi wake Anthony na Naida Armagno.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://radaris.com/~Nina-Armagno/1489852655|title=Nina M Armagno from East Dundee, IL – Radaris|website=radaris.com|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094237/https://radaris.com/~Nina-Armagno/1489852655|url-status=live}}</ref> Ni mzaliwa wa [[Dundee Township, Kane County, Illinois|Dundee, Illinois]], na alihitimu kutoka [[Dundee-Crown High School]] mwaka 1984 akiwa mwanafunzi bora wa darasa (valedictorian) na kiongozi wa darasa.<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/local/2014/02/25/pafbs-armagno-has-set-sights-high-from-start/5799739/|title=PAFB's Armagno has set sights high from start|first=By R. Norman|last=Moody|website=Florida Today|access-date=July 21, 2021|archive-date=July 21, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721084057/https://www.floridatoday.com/story/news/local/2014/02/25/pafbs-armagno-has-set-sights-high-from-start/5799739/|url-status=live}}</ref> Alikulia katika vitongoji vya [[Chicago]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.omahamagazine.com/2017/11/22/302282/maj-gen-nina-armagno|title=Maj. Gen. Nina Armagno &#124; Omaha Magazine|website=www.omahamagazine.com|date=November 22, 2017 |access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094238/https://www.omahamagazine.com/2017/11/22/302282/maj-gen-nina-armagno|url-status=live}}</ref> Akitamani kuwa mwanaanga, Armagno alipata shahada ya sayansi katika chuo cha [[United States Air Force Academy]] huko [[Colorado Springs, Colorado|Colorado Springs]], [[Colorado]] mwaka 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.csbj.com/premier/awards/womenofinfluence/woman-of-influence-col-nina-armagno/article_310a568b-2235-5ab3-a2f1-eaff4082fd0f.html|title=Woman of Influence: Col. Nina Armagno|date=October 22, 2010|last=Baillie|first=Amanda|website=[[Colorado Springs Business Journal]]|access-date=20 November 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094238/https://www.csbj.com/premier/awards/womenofinfluence/woman-of-influence-col-nina-armagno/article_310a568b-2235-5ab3-a2f1-eaff4082fd0f.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alihitimu [[Squadron Officer School]] mwaka 1992 katika [[Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[Alabama]]. Alipata shahada ya sanaa mwaka 1999 katika Usimamizi wa Elimu kutoka [[Chapman University]] huko [[California]]. Alihitimu [[Air Command and Staff College]] mwaka 2000 kwa njia ya masomo kwa mawasiliano. Mwaka 2002 alishiriki katika Air Force Legislative Fellowship huko [[Washington, D.C.]] Mwaka 2003 alipata cheti cha masomo ya sheria za bunge kutoka [[Georgetown University]] mjini Washington, D.C., na pia alihitimu [[Air War College]] kwa njia ya mawasiliano. Mwaka 2007 alipata shahada ya [[Master of Science|Sayansi]] katika Masomo ya Usalama wa Taifa kutoka [[National War College]] huko Washington, D.C. Mwaka 2010 alihudhuria semina ya uongozi ya Jeshi la Anga katika [[University of Virginia]], [[Darden School of Business]], [[Virginia]], na pia alishiriki katika mpango wa maendeleo ya uongozi wa [[Center for Creative Leadership]] huko Colorado Springs, Colorado.<ref name=bio/> == Huduma ya kijeshi == [[File:USSTRATCOM, Denmark sign space agreement (4342274).jpeg|thumb|Meja Jenerali Armagno akisalimiana na Meja Jenerali Agner Rokos wa [[Denmark]] kabla ya kusaini hati ya makubaliano katika Kongamano la 34 la Anga, Aprili 17, 2018.]] Armagno alijiunga na Jeshi la Anga baada ya kuhitimu kutoka chuo cha Jeshi la anga la Marekani mwaka Juni 1988. Uzoefu wake katika mifumo ya operesheni za anga za juu unajumuisha kuwa mwendeshaji aliyekuwa tayari kwa mapambano, mwalimu, mtathmini na kamanda wa safari za ndege katika maeneo ya hatari la makombora ya kimkakati, ufuatiliaji wa anga za juu, udhibiti wa anga za juu, uzinduzi wa anga na onyo la makombora ya ukumbi wa vita. Alikuwa afisa wa operesheni katika [[1st Space Launch Squadron]] huko Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.<ref name=bio/> Armagno aliwahi kuwa naibu kamanda wa [[30th Space Wing]] katika [[Vandenberg Air Force Base]], [[California]], akiwajibika kwa shughuli za uzinduzi wa anga na usimamizi wa maeneo ya majaribio ya makombora kwa niaba ya [[United States Department of Defense|Idara ya Ulinzi]] kutoka pwani ya magharibi ya Marekani. Pia aliwahi kuwa kamanda wa kituo cha [[6th Space Warning Squadron]] katika kituo cha Jeshi la anga la Cape Cod, [[Massachusetts]], kamanda na naibu kamanda wa [[21st Operations Group]] katika kituo cha Jeshi la anga la Peterson, Colorado, pamoja na kuwa msaidizi mkuu wa kijeshi na mkuu wa wafanyakazi kwa mkurugenzi wa Operational Test and Evaluation katika Ofisi ya Katibu wa Ulinzi. Aidha, alishika nyadhifa za wafanyakazi katika makao makuu ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani, Air Force Space Command, [[14th Air Force]] na [[381st Training Group]], na alihudumu kama Air Force Legislative Fellow katika ofisi ya Mbunge [[Ellen Tauscher]].<ref name=bio/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://lompocrecord.com/news/local/military/vandenberg/new-commander-takes-over-at-vafb/collection_e2feaf5e-46eb-11e1-9bff-001871e3ce6c.html|title=New commander takes over at VAFB|website=Lompoc Record|date=January 24, 2012 |access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722101602/https://lompocrecord.com/news/local/military/vandenberg/new-commander-takes-over-at-vafb/collection_e2feaf5e-46eb-11e1-9bff-001871e3ce6c.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo tarehe 12 Juni 2013, Armagno alipandishwa cheo kuwa brigedia jenerali na akachukua uongozi wa [[45th Space Wing]] pamoja na kuwa mkurugenzi wa upande wa mashariki katika kituo cha Jeshi la anga la Patrick, [[Florida]]. Pia akawa afisa wa kwanza kuongoza kwa wakati tofauti 30th Space Wing na 45th Space Wing. Huko, aliwajibika kwa maandalizi na uzinduzi wa setilaiti za serikali ya Marekani na za kibiashara kutoka kituo cha Jeshi la anga la Cape Canaveral, Florida. Pia alikuwa mamlaka ya mwisho ya kuidhinisha uzinduzi wote katika [[Eastern Range|upande wa mashariki]], eneo lenye ukubwa wa maili za mraba milioni 15 linalounga mkono wastani wa uzinduzi 15 kwa mwaka kwa kutumia magari ya uzinduzi ya Delta, Atlas, Falcon, Navy na mengine mapya. Aidha, alisimamia miundombinu ya uzinduzi na maeneo ya majaribio inayounga mkono misheni za NASA, za kibiashara na za majaribio ya makombora.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/249093/new-wing-commander-shark-1-reports-for-duty/|title=New Wing Commander: SHARK 1 reports for duty|website=Air Force Space Command (Archived)|access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722101559/https://www.afspc.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/249093/new-wing-commander-shark-1-reports-for-duty/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Armagno aliacha uongozi wa 45th Space Wing tarehe 4 Agosti 2015 na akateuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa mipango ya kimkakati, programu, mahitaji na uchambuzi katika [[Air Force Space Command]]. Baadaye, mwaka 2017, aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa mipango na sera katika [[United States Strategic Command]] kabla ya kuhamishiwa [[the Pentagon]] kama mkurugenzi wa programu za anga katika ofisi ya [[Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Acquisition, Technology and Logistics)|Katibu Msaidizi wa Jeshi la Anga]].<ref name=bio/> Jeshi la Anga la Marekani lilipoanzisha Space Force mwaka 2019, Armagno alichaguliwa kusaidia kuanzisha kikosi hicho kipya. Aliteuliwa rasmi tarehe 28 Julai 2020 kuhamishiwa Jeshi la anga la Marekani na kupandishwa cheo kuwa luteni jenerali, na akawa [[director of staff of the United States Space Force|Mkurugenzi wa Wafanyakazi]] wa kwanza wa kikosi hicho. Alipandishwa cheo rasmi tarehe 17 Agosti 2020, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kufikia cheo cha jenerali katika kikosi cha anga za juu.<ref name=promotion>{{cite news|url=https://spacenews.com/armagno-becomes-the-u-s-space-forces-first-female-general-officer/|title=Armagno becomes the U.S. Space Force's first female general officer|date=August 17, 2020|agency=[[SpaceNews]]|last=Erwin|first=Sandra|access-date=August 17, 2020}}</ref> Armagno alistaafu kutoka huduma ya kijeshi ya kazi tarehe 7 Julai 2023. == Maisha binafsi == Armagno ameolewa na ni mke wa Eddie Papczun, afisa mstaafu wa Jeshi la Anga, ambaye walikutana walipokuwa wote maafisa wa cheo cha kapteni.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.csbj.com/premier/awards/womenofinfluence/woman-of-influence-col-nina-armagno/article_310a568b-2235-5ab3-a2f1-eaff4082fd0f.html|title=Woman of Influence: Col. Nina Armagno|first=Amber|last=Baillie|website=Colorado Springs Business Journal|date=October 22, 2010 |access-date=July 22, 2021|archive-date=July 22, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210722094238/https://www.csbj.com/premier/awards/womenofinfluence/woman-of-influence-col-nina-armagno/article_310a568b-2235-5ab3-a2f1-eaff4082fd0f.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{commons category}} {{reflist}} ==[[Jamii: WikiGap JWK 2026]]== 9uac6r6kqahc54i3xz5ouad715wj9bw 0 222036 1613932 1524062 2026-11-05T18:51:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ramón Alberto Aguirre Suárez''' ([[18 Oktoba]] [[1944]] – [[29 Mei]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa soka kutoka [[Argentina]] aliyekuwa beki. Alijulikana hasa kwa kuwa sehemu ya timu yenye mafanikio ya Estudiantes de La Plata kati ya miaka 1967–1970. Aguirre Suárez alipata umaarufu chini ya kocha Osvaldo Zubeldía akiwa beki mkali na mara nyingi mkorofi, akicheza pamoja na mchezaji mwenye ustadi mkubwa Raúl Horacio Madero. Estudiantes ilipotwaa taji la Metropolitano mwaka 1967 na kuwa mshindi wa pili katika mashindano ya Nacional mwaka huo huo, ilistahili kushiriki Kombe la Copa Libertadores mwaka 1968, ambalo lilishinda. Estudiantes pia ilikabiliana na Manchester United F.C. katika Kombe la Intercontinental mwaka 1968 na kushinda kwa jumla ya mabao 2–1.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Falleció Aguirre Suárez, un "duro" del fútbol "Pincharrata" |url=https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201305/19388-fallecio-aguierre-suarez-un-duro-del-futbol-pincharrata.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330221215/https://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201305/19388-fallecio-aguierre-suarez-un-duro-del-futbol-pincharrata.php |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=2025-06-12 |website=www.telam.com.ar |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] ik2qd7s2u0li6fid05w3ffu6f2echkt 0 222282 1613794 1551514 2026-11-05T15:01:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613794 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Mushikiwabo''' (aliyezaliwa 22 Mei 1961)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://entities.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmPvQ8QJC6JKXHvDv8md.html |title=WorldCat Entities. Louise Mushikiwabo |publisher=[[OCLC]], Inc. |access-date=3 Februari 2024 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203140831/https://entities.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJjmPvQ8QJC6JKXHvDv8md.html |archive-date=3 Februari 2024 }}</ref> ni Katibu Mkuu wa nne na wa sasa wa ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie''. Awali, alihudumu kama Waziri wa Mambo ya Nje na Ushirikiano wa [[Rwanda]] kuanzia [[2009]] hadi [[2018]]. Pia alihudumu kama Msemaji wa Serikali. Kabla yake, alikuwa Waziri wa Habari.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oxfordafricaforum.com/speakers2022/louise-mushikiwabo |title=Louise Mushikiwabo. Secretary General, Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie |publisher=Saïd Business School / University of Oxford |access-date=3 Februari 2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203132912/https://www.oxfordafricaforum.com/speakers2022/louise-mushikiwabo |archive-date=3 Februari 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Karuhanga, James |title=Museminali Hands Over to Mushikiwabo |newspaper=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |location=Rwanda |date=6 Desemba 2009 |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200912070644.html |access-date=17 Septemba 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091210215013/https://allafrica.com/stories/200912070644.html |archive-date=10 Desemba 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1961]] [[Jamii: Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Rwanda]] [[JAmii: Siasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Rwanda]] [[Jamii: Rwanda]] [[Jamii: WikiGap JWK 2026]] ptitpp705ieeppqxyppf76gqkh8ur0x 0 222729 1613981 1499608 2026-11-05T20:00:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sinknesh Ejigu Wolde-Mariam''' (alizaliwa [[1956]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]], mwanakemia, mfanyabiashara na mwanadiplomasia wa [[Ethiopia]].<ref name="ethio">{{cite web|last1=Mohammed|first1=Nassir|title=Sinknesh Ejigu Wolde-Mariam|url=http://www.ethioscoop.com/biography/3542-sinknesh-ejigu-wolde-mariam.html|website=EthioScoop|access-date=27 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084331/http://www.ethioscoop.com/biography/3542-sinknesh-ejigu-wolde-mariam.html|archive-date=28 October 2016}}</ref> == Wasifu == Ejigu Wolde-Mariam (alizaliwa 1956, Ambo, Ethiopia) ni mwanasayansi wa kemia na mwanasiasa wa Ethiopia. Alikulia katika familia ya watu wanane. Baba yake, Ejigu Wolde-Mariam, alikuwa afisa wa kijeshi, jambo lililosababisha familia kuhamia sehemu mbalimbali za Ethiopia. Wazazi wake walikuwa na elimu ya chini, lakini walimtia moyo kutafuta elimu na maendeleo. Ejigu alihudhuria shule kadhaa za msingi na kujiunga na Shule ya Upili ya Princess Tenagnework Comprehensive, ambapo mwalimu mmoja alimtia moyo kuendeleza ujuzi wake katika sayansi na kemia. Mnamo 1973, alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Addis Ababa, akipewa kazi katika idara ya hisabati na baadaye kuhamishwa katika idara ya kemia.<ref name="minister">{{cite web|title=Sinknesh Ejigu: Waziri wa Madini|url=http://www.awib.org.et/currency/spotlight/item/317-sinknesh-ejigu-minister-of-mines.html|website=Chama cha Wanawake katika Biashara (AWiB)|access-date=28 Aprili 2016|date=27 Februari 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531145324/http://www.awib.org.et/currency/spotlight/item/317-sinknesh-ejigu-minister-of-mines.html|archive-date=31 Mei 2016}}</ref> Baada ya mapinduzi ya mwaka 1974, alitumwa shambani kufanya kazi na wakulima. Kutokana na hali ngumu, aliacha chuo na kufanya kazi ya kufundisha sayansi ya fizikia. Baadaye, alipata kazi katika Kiwanda cha Dawa cha Ethiopia kama mchambuzi wa kemikali. Mnamo 1980, alipata Shahada ya Sayansi katika Kemia kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Addis Ababa. Alifanya kazi kama mchambuzi mdogo wa jiosayansi katika Maabara ya Utafiti wa Jiolojia ya Ethiopia.<ref name="ethio2">{{cite web|last1=Mohammed|first1=Nassir|title=Sinknesh Ejigu Wolde-Mariam|url=http://www.ethioscoop.com/biography/3542-sinknesh-ejigu-wolde-mariam.html|website=EthioScoop|access-date=27 Oktoba 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084331/http://www.ethioscoop.com/biography/3542-sinknesh-ejigu-wolde-mariam.html|archive-date=28 Oktoba 2016}}</ref> Mnamo 1988, alikamilisha shahada ya uzamili katika Kemia ya Uchambuzi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha East Anglia. Baada ya hapo, alijiunga na Idara ya Uchambuzi wa Maji na Jotoardhi katika Wizara ya Madini, akapandishwa cheo kuwa mkuu wa idara. Mnamo Juni 1998, aliteuliwa kuwa Naibu Waziri wa Wizara ya Madini na Nishati. Ejigu ni mwanachama wa Shirika la Kidemokrasia la Watu wa Oromo na alikuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi wa Watu, akiwakilisha Dendi, Shewa ya Magharibi, Oromia. Mnamo 2010, aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Madini katika Baraza la Mawaziri la Ethiopia. Jukumu lake lilihusisha kugundua data ya msingi ya jiosayansi, kukuza utafiti wa madini na mafuta, na kutoa vibali kwa wawekezaji. Historia yake ya kisayansi ilimuwezesha kusimamia miradi ya kisayansi moja kwa moja. Mnamo 2012, Ejigu alihusiana na mgogoro na kampuni ya PetroTrans yenye makao yake Hong Kong baada ya kufutwa kwa leseni yao kwa sababu ya ucheleweshaji katika mradi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bekele|first1=Kaleyesus|title=Ethiopia: Serikali, Petrotrans Waanza Mapambano ya Mahakama|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201503092405.html|access-date=27 Oktoba 2016|work=[[AllAfrica]]|date=7 Machi 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028151514/http://allafrica.com/stories/201503092405.html|archive-date=28 Oktoba 2016}}</ref> Mnamo 2014, akawa Balozi wa Ethiopia nchini [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]] na [[Chile]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ethiopia: Kuma Demeksa Et Al Aliteuliwa kwa Misheni za Kidiplomasia|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201411170243.html|website=[[AllAfrica.com]]|access-date=28 Aprili 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508041941/http://allafrica.com/stories/201411170243.html|archive-date=8 Mei 2016}}</ref> Ejignu pia ni Mkurugenzi wa Shirika la Umeme la Ethiopia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wasifu wa Mtendaji: Sinknesh Ejigu|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=262633628&privcapId=13451657&previousCapId=13451657&previousTitle=Ethiopian%2520Electric%2520Power%2520Corporation|website=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|access-date=27 Oktoba 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028085852/http://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=262633628&privcapId=13451657&previousCapId=13451657&previousTitle=Ethiopian%20Electric%20Power%20Corporation|archive-date=28 Oktoba 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1956]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Ethiopia]] pi8mh8s36gi0ex5i1nwevi35zhzk6ve 0 223294 1613937 1524197 2026-11-05T18:52:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raïssa Malu Dinanga''' ni [[mwanafizikia]], mshauri wa elimu wa kimataifa, [[mwandishi]], na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC). Tangu tarehe 29 Mei 2024, amehudumu kama Waziri wa Elimu ya Taifa na Uraia Mpya katika serikali ya DRC.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2019-04-30|title=Raïssa Malu|url=https://nef.org/ambassador/raissa-malu/|access-date=2025-10-15|website=Next Einstein Forum|language=en-US|archive-date=23 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523210428/https://nef.org/ambassador/raissa-malu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Wasifu == Malu alizaliwa Kinshasa, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC). Baba yake, Félix Malu wa Kalenga (1936–2011), alikuwa fizikia wa nyuklia katika Kituo cha Kikanda cha Mafunzo ya Nyuklia huko Kinshasa. Malu alisoma katika Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain) mjini Louvain-la-Neuve, Wallonia, Ubelgiji, na aliishi nchini Ubelgiji kwa kipindi cha miaka saba. Baada ya kuhitimu, alifanya kazi kama mwanasayansi wa kompyuta katika benki na pia kama msaidizi wa utafiti katika tasnia ya nyuklia. Baada ya kufanya kazi katika sekta binafsi, Malu aliacha nafasi hizo ili kuwa mwalimu wa sayansi na hisabati, na kisha akarudi nchini DRC kuendeleza taaluma yake ya elimu.<ref name=":1"><nowiki>{{Taja tovuti |date=2022-07-05 |title=Katika makutano ya maisha, sayansi na utamaduni |url=</nowiki>https://twas.org/article/intersection-life-science-and-culture |access-date=2025-10-15 |website</=The World Academy of Sciences} name=":2">{{Njoo tovuti|tarehe=2024-05-29|title=RDC : Raïssa Malu, daktari asiye na wanawake à la tête du ministre de l'Éducation nationale et nouvelle citoyenneté - Droit & Finances.CD|url=https://www.droit-et-finances.cd/2024/05/29/rdc-raissa-malu-une-femme-physicienne-a-la-tete-duministre-de-leducation-nationale-et-nouvelle-citoyennete/|access-tarehe=2015-FREE|hifadhi-tarehe=5 Desemba 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241205223802/https://www.droit-et-finances.cd/2024/05/29/rdc-raissa-malu-une-femme-physicienne-a-la-tete-duminication-duminicience-toyelle-denovelle-|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Dugmore|first=Heather|date=2022-12-10|title=Pioneer analeta elimu ya sayansi hai barani|url=https://mg.co.za/education/2022-12-10-pioneer-is-bringing-science-education-alive-on-the-continent/|access-date=2025-10-15|website=The Mail & Guardian|language=en-ZA|archive-date=15 Novemba 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251115234929/https://mg.co.za/education/2022-12-10-pioneer-is-bringing-science-education-alive-on-the-continent/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2014, Malu alianzisha shirika lisilo la faida linaloratibu Wiki ya Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC), tukio la kila mwaka linalofanyika mjini Kinshasa. Pia, Malu ameandika vitabu vya kielimu na ni mhariri wa mfululizo wa vitabu vya kielimu vya ''Les Indispensables''. Aidha, aliwatumikia kama Balozi wa Taasisi ya Afrika ya Sayansi ya Hisabati (AIMS) kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2019, akichangia katika kukuza elimu na sayansi ya hisabati barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Physiciens_et_physiciennes_d_Archim%C3%A8de/lVmFEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Ra%C3%AFssa+Malu&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover|title=Fizikia na Fizikia, kutoka Archimedes hadi Karne ya 19: Juzuu ya I - Mekaniki, Thermodynamics na Electromagnetism|last=Malu|first=Raïssa|last2=Malu|first2=Mano|date=2012-03-01|isbn=978-2-9600960-2-6|pages=3|language=fr}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hvnghze8gy3juddgeeaph7yurjh4mx7 0 224110 1613942 1524304 2026-11-05T18:55:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portrait of Rene Sand Wellcome M0016486.jpg|thumb|René Sand]] '''René Sand''' ([[3 Januari]] [[1877]] mjini Ixelles – [[23 Agosti]] [[1953]] mjini Brussels) alikuwa daktari wa [[Ubelgiji]], mfanyakazi wa kijamii, mhamasishaji wa tiba ya kijamii, na mmoja wa waasisi wa [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO). <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=René Sand (1877-1953) and His Contribution to International Social Work, IASSW-President 1946 – 1953 |url=https://ejournals.bib.uni-wuppertal.de/index.php/sws/article/view/124/540 |access-date=2023-01-21 |archive-date=2023-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121205839/https://ejournals.bib.uni-wuppertal.de/index.php/sws/article/view/124/540 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1877]] [[jamii:waliofariki 1953]] [[jamii:wanasayansi wa Ubelgiji]] 28qunu2ihi473sr5g8or0abpqkzpg9z 0 224296 1613896 1608942 2026-11-05T18:00:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613896 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Fr. Norberto M. Castillo, OP.jpg|thumb|Norberto Castillo]] '''Norberto Mendiola Castillo, [[Wadominiko|O.P.]]''' (alizaliwa [[20 Novemba]] [[1943]]) alikuwa Rector Magnificus wa 91 wa Chuo Kikuu cha Santo Tomas (UST), ambacho ni chuo kikuu cha Katoliki kikongwe na kikubwa zaidi barani Asia, kuanzia mwaka 1982 hadi 1990.<ref name="history">{{cite journal |url=http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/history_of_the_rectorship |title=History of the Rectorship |work=[[The Varsitarian]] |author1=Asuncion, R.J.A. |author2=Medenilla, S.R.P. |name-list-style=amp |date=2008-06-10 |volume=79 |issue=12 |accessdate=2012-03-25 |archive-date=2014-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108204550/http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/history_of_the_rectorship |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="4thTerm">{{cite journal |url=http://varsitarian.net/news/20120313/4th_term_for_de_la_rosa_mulled |title=4th term for De la Rosa mulled |author=Madrid, R.D. |work=[[The Varsitarian]] |volume=83 |issue=11 |date=2012-03-13 |accessdate=2012-04-03 |archive-date=2012-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326115443/http://varsitarian.net/news/20120313/4th_term_for_de_la_rosa_mulled |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="listRectors">{{cite journal |url=http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/the_ust_rectors_throughout_the_centuries |title=The UST Rectors throughout the centuries |work=[[The Varsitarian]] |date=2008-06-10 |volume=79 |issue=12 |accessdate=2012-03-25 |archive-date=2012-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314153120/http://www.varsitarian.net/supplement/rectors_supplement/the_ust_rectors_throughout_the_centuries |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1943]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wadominiko]] [[Jamii:mapadri]] [[jamii:wanaume wa Ufilipino]] 5eb3r3sy2qvk3n3oddc497ntp6ktca7 0 224568 1613864 1521438 2026-11-05T17:33:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613864 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shaykh Muhammad Sa‘id al-Jamal ar-Rifa‘i ash-Shadhuli''' ([[1935]] huko Tulkarm<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title= Sidi Muhammad Sa'id al-Jamal ar-Rifa'i as-Shadhuli |url= https://farmofpeace.com/our-guide/ |access-date= 4 February 2021 |website= Farm of Peace |language= en |archive-date= 30 January 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210130125918/https://farmofpeace.com/our-guide/ |url-status= dead }}</ref> – [[11 Novemba]] [[2015]] huko Greenbrae), anajulikana zaidi kama<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title= In Remembrance of Shaykh Muhammad Said Al-Jamal |url= http://greenmountainschool.org/slides/in-memory-of-a-great-shaykh-in-memory-of-a-long-long-friendship/ |date = 2015 |access-date= 4 February 2021 |website= Green Mountain School |language= en |archive-date= 26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126020246/http://greenmountainschool.org/slides/in-memory-of-a-great-shaykh-in-memory-of-a-long-long-friendship/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Shaykh Muhammad al-Jamal, alikuwa msomi wa Kiislamu wa Palestina, Khatib, Imamu wa Msikiti wa Al-Aqsa, na msomi maarufu wa Usufi wa karne ya 21. ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1935]] [[jamii:waliofariki 2015]] [[jamii:watu wa Palestina]] cr7or972erzbzwurjxbg7xib86gz1jj 0 224835 1613925 1523758 2026-11-05T18:42:13Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613925 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pontso S. M. Sekatle''' (aliyezaliwa [[26 Mei]], [[1957]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mhadhiri nchini [[Lesotho]]. Sekatle alifundisha katika National University of Lesotho kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 2001.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Local Government _home |url=http://www.localgovt.gov.ls/TheMinistry_The%20minister.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208005601/http://www.localgovt.gov.ls/TheMinistry_The%20minister.php |archive-date=2009-02-08 |access-date=2025-09-07 |website=www.localgovt.gov.ls |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.trc.org.ls/events/events20.013.htm#Cabinet%20Reshuffle%20Results%20in%20New%20Blood "Cabinet Reshuffle Results in New Blood"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201635/http://www.trc.org.ls/events/events20.013.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Summary of Events in Lesotho, Volume 8, Number 3, Third Quarter 2001, trc.org.ls.</ref> Mwezi Juni 2001, aliteuliwa kujiunga na Senate of Lesotho, na tarehe [[6 Julai]], [[2001]] aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa [[Afya]] na [[Ulinzi]] wa Kijamii. Alikuwa mbunge wa kata ya Qacha's Nek constituency kwa mara ya tatu baada ya ushindi katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2012, na kuteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa [[Serikali]] za Mitaa na Masuala ya Viongozi wa Kijamii. Dk. Sekatle, akiwa Waziri wa Serikali za Mitaa, alitekeleza uchaguzi wa mitaa mwaka 2005, uchaguzi wa aina yake nchini Lesotho na uliopangwa awali mwaka 1968.<ref name=UN>{{cite web|title=Profiles of the members of committee|publisher=Public Administration and Development Management, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations |url=https://publicadministration.un.org/en/cepa/members20142017|accessdate=26 November 2016}}</ref> ==Maisha ya awali== Sekatle alizaliwa tarehe 26 Mei 1957 katika Kaunti ya Quthing District. Alikamilisha [[elimu]] yake ya msingi katika Quthing Primary, elimu ya sekondari katika Mopeli Secondary School, na kupata Cheti cha Shule ya Cambridge katika Masitise High School. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Lesotho]] 1dwlo3hnojl8r8q5nc64kqub9cd1b87 0 225046 1613833 1519745 2026-11-05T16:13:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Martha Wangarì Wanjìra''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kenya]] kutoka chama cha United Democratic Alliance (Kenya) (UDA). Anawakilisha Gilgil Constituency katika National Assembly of Kenya.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=HON. WANJIRA, MARTHA WANGARI {{!}} The Kenyan Parliament Website |url=http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-national-assembly/hon-wanjira-martha-wangari-0 |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=www.parliament.go.ke |archive-date=2025-07-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250701173628/http://www.parliament.go.ke/the-national-assembly/hon-wanjira-martha-wangari-0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Elimu == Martha alipata [[elimu]] yake ya awali katika Kahuhia Girls High School, ambako alikamilisha Cheti cha Kenya cha Elimu ya Sekondari (KCSE) mwaka 2001. Baadaye alijiunga na University of [[Nairobi]], na kuhitimu mwaka 2007 akiwa na Shahada ya Sayansi katika Takwimu (Bachelor of Science in Statistics).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Meet Martha Wangari, the dashing Gilgil MP |url=https://hivisasa.com/posts/1160-what-you-didnt-know-about-gilgil-mp-martha-wangari |access-date=2025-07-01 |website=hivisasa.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa-Kenya}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kenya]] trbt2xv7cptrjxyi7k65dv5uj5fpjes 0 225754 1613914 1523433 2026-11-05T18:32:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613914 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pauline Irene Nguene''' ni [[mhandisi]] wa mafuta aliyezaliwa [[Kamerun]]. Kwa sasa ni Waziri wa Masuala ya Jamii wa Kamerun.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.camer.be/45885/6:1/cameroun-ministere-des-affaires-sociales-madame-nguene-irene-pauline-ou-le-salaire-de-leffort-cameroon.html|title=Cameroun – Ministère des Affaires Sociales: Madame Nguene Irène Pauline ou le Salaire de l'effort : Cameroun|date=October 5, 2015|website=camer.be}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://presidenceducameroun.com/en/news|title=Madame Nguene, née Kendeck Pauline Irène est le nouveau PCA du CNRPH Cardinal Paul Emile Leger|date=March 7, 2016|website=presidenceducameroun.com|archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20080608000000/http://www.presidenceducameroun.com/news/?lang=fr|archive-date=June 8, 2008|url-status=dead|access-date=August 17, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kamerun]] qibk606orvt670ghhc9hkqrgbdnu738 0 226228 1614022 1508101 2026-11-05T20:40:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} '''Tsedale Lemma''' ni mwandishi wa habari wa [[Ethiopia]] aliyeanzisha ''Addis Standard'', gazeti lenye hadhi na ushawishi mkubwa la Ethiopia,<ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma" /><ref name="HornAffairs_Tsedale_Lemma" /> mnamo mwaka 2011.<ref name="USHoR_Tsedale_biography"/> == Utoto na elimu == Lemma alizaliwa mwaka wa [[1976]].<ref name="HornAffairs_Tsedale_Lemma" /> Alihitimu na shahada ya Sanaa katika uandishi wa habari za kuchapisha kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Addis Ababa]] na diploma katika uandishi wa habari mtandaoni kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Stockholm. <ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma"/> == Kazi == === Uandishi wa habari wa awali === Tsedale alianza kufanya kazi kama mwandishi wa habari mnamo mwaka [[2000]], na kuwa mwandishi mwandamizi katika ''Addis Tribune''. <ref name="UNESCO_Tsedale_Lemma"/> Hapa makala zilichapishwa barani Ulaya na [[Xinhua|Shirika la Habari la Xinhua]].<ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma"/> === Ubalozi wa Israeli === Kufuatia ghasia za uchaguzi mkuu wa Ethiopia mwaka [[2005]], Tsedale alihama kutoka kwenye sekta ya uandishi wa habari hadi kufanya kazi katika ubalozi wa [[Israeli]] huko [[Addis Ababa|Addis Ababa.]]. Hapo awali alikuwa mshauri wa mahusiano ya umma na baadaye mshauri wa masuala ya kisiasa kwenye mikoa na mshauri wa vyombo vya habari kwenye ubalozi. <ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma"/> ===Addis Standard=== Baada ya kuondoka katika ubalozi wa Israeli mwaka [[2010]], Tsedale alianzisha ''Addis Standard'' mnamo Februari 2011 kama jarida la kila mwezi. <ref name="USHoR_Tsedale_biography"/> Tsedale alifanya kazi kubwa katika kuchangia gazeti la ''Addis Standard'' kuwa chapisho lenye ushawishi mkubwa nchini Ethiopia. <ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma"/> Hadi Januari 2021 , aliendelea kuwa mhariri mkuu wa gazeti hilo. <ref name="CJR_Tsedale_threats_ET_press"/> == Majukumu ya kitaaluma == Tsedale amekuwa mwanachama wa Bodi ya Ushauri ya Kimataifa ya ''Bandung: Journal of the Global South'' tangu [[2015]], <ref name="USHoR_Tsedale_biography"/> na akabaki kwenye bodi hadi mwaka 2021.<ref name="Bandung_Jnl_Global_South"/> == Mitazamo == === Eritrea === Mnamo mwaka [[2012]], akitoa maoni kuhusu shambulio dogo lililofanywa na jeshi la Ethiopia huko Eritrea wakati wa awamu ya muda mrefu yenye mapigano ya kiwango cha chini ya Vita vya Eritrea na Ethiopia, Tsedale alieleza kwamba serikali ya [[Eritrea]] inatumia njia ya kimabavu, kwa ujumla haipendwi katika ukanda huo, na iko katika hali dhaifu, na kwa upande mwingine aliona serikali ya Ethiopia ikiwa katika hali imara. Alipendekeza "usahihi wa kidiplomasia badala ya nguvu za kijeshi" kama mkakati wa kuiondoa serikali ya Eritrea.<ref name="AddisStand_What_now_2011" /> === Uhuru wa vyombo vya habari === Mnamo mwaka 2013, Tsedale aliikosoa Kamati ya Kuwalinda Waandishi wa Habari na "karibu wote waandishi wa habari wa Ethiopia waliokuwa uhamishoni" kwa kurahisisha kupita kiasi changamoto za vyombo vya habari huru nchini Ethiopia, kwa njia ambayo "iliwadhalilisha na kuwapotezea sifa" waandishi wa habari wanaoendelea kufanya uandishi wa habari huru nchini Ethiopia licha ya ukandamizaji wa serikali. Pia aliikosoa serikali ya Ethiopia ya wakati huo kwa kuridhika na ukandamizaji mdogo dhidi ya vyombo vya habari kuliko serikali za awali, badala ya kuruhusu kwa kiasi kikubwa uhuru wa vyombo vya habari. Tsedale alikosoa utukuzaji wa kifo cha [[Meles Zenawi]].<ref name="HornAffairs_Tsedale_Lemma" /> Mnamo Januari 2021, Tsedale alieleza kuwa mchakato wa uliberali ulioanzishwa na [[Abiy Ahmed]] nchini Ethiopia umebadilisha vitisho dhidi ya vyombo vya habari huru kutoka kuwa vya wima pekee (ukandamizaji wa serikali) hadi kuwa mchanganyiko wa shinikizo la wima na mlalo, ambapo makundi ya kisiasa, kidini na ya kiraia pamoja na watu wenye ushawishi walikuwa wakijaribu kuathiri vyombo vya habari. Alisema kuwa kurejea kwa ukandamizaji wa vyombo vya habari kulisababisha msongo kwa wale wanaozalisha maudhui ya habari huru. Tsedale pia alikosoa namna vyombo vya habari vya dunia vilivyompa kipaumbele Abiy kufuatia [[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Amani|Tuzo ya Amani ya Nobel]] mwaka 2019, akisema kuwa hali hiyo ilikuwa ya kihisia kupita kiasi, ya kijuujuu na ilikosa mtazamo wa kihistoria na wa ndani,<ref name="CJR_Tsedale_threats_ET_press" /> kama ilivyoonekana katika tahariri ya ''Addis Standard'' ya tarehe 12 Desemba 2019 “morning after Oslo”.<ref name="AddisStand_morning_after_Oslo" /> Alieleza kuwa vyombo vya habari vya kimataifa vilianza kuangalia vitendo vya Abiy badala ya maneno yake pekee, na kwamba serikali ilikuwa inajibu kwa kuandaa kampeni za taarifa kupitia mitandao ya kijamii mtandaoni.<ref name="CJR_Tsedale_threats_ET_press" /> === Haki za wanawake === Tsedale aliendeleza [[haki za wanawake]] kwa [[Siku ya Wanawake Duniani|Siku ya Kimataifa ya Wanawake]] ya tarehe 8 Machi 2014 kwa kusimamia mjadala ulioungwa mkono [[Umoja wa Mataifa|na Umoja wa Mataifa]] katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Addis Ababa]] ulioitwa "Usawa kwa Mwanamke ni Maendeleo kwa Wote: Kusherehekea Mafanikio ya Wanawake wa Ethiopia nchini Ethiopia", miongoni mwa wanawake saba mashuhuri waliokuwepo kwenye jopo hilo ni Aster Zaoude, Birtukan Gebregzi, Chachi Tadesse, [[Desta Hagos]], Ingidaye Eshete, Selamawit Adugna na Zenaye Tadesse.<ref name="UNESCO_2014_womens_day" /> === Abiy Ahmed === Katika makala ya maoni iliyochapishwa katika ''[[The New York Times]]'' mapema Novemba 2020, mwanzoni mwa Vita vya Tigray, Tsedale alimpongeza waziri mkuu wa Ethiopia [[Abiy Ahmed]] kwa juhudi zake za awali za kuleta demokrasia nchini humo, akisema, "Akijionyesha kama mleta mageuzi, wimbi kubwa la mabadiliko aliyoahidi Bw. Abiy, ambaye alichukua madaraka Aprili 2018, yalionekana kuepusha matatizo mabaya zaidi ya nchi," lakini akahitimisha kwamba baadaye, "alivuka mipaka", na kusababisha Vita vya Tigray. Alieleza wasiwasi wake kwamba "uhuru wa kujieleza, haki za kiraia na utaratibu wa kisheria vinaweza kudhoofishwa kutokana na mwelekeo wa kijeshi na ukandamizaji," na akaongeza kuwa Abiy alionekana "kutokuwa na nia ya kupunguza mvutano".<ref name="NYT_Ethiopia_tragedy" /> Mwandishi wa habari Abebe Gellaw alijibu, akisema kwamba Tsedale ilipaswa kukosoa ''Tigray People's Liberation Front'' (TPLF), kwa miongo mitatu ya "utawala mbaya, udhibiti, unyonyaji, ubaguzi, ukiukwaji mkubwa wa haki za binadamu, na ufisadi mkubwa". Abebe alisema, "TPLF imekuwa ikitumia kila njia ili kudhoofisha na kurudisha nyuma mageuzi na kusababisha machafuko kote nchini Ethiopia katika jitihada zake zisizo na mafanikio za kurejesha madaraka na upendeleo iliyoupoteza". Abebe alidai kwamba maoni ya Tsedale yalikuwa ya kupotosha kwa makusudi na yalitokana na "hasira na kuchanganyikiwa". == Marejeo == <references> <ref name="UNESCO_Tsedale_Lemma">{{cite web | title= World Press Freedom Day 2018 –Tsedale Lemma | website= [[UNESCO]] |year = 2018 | url = https://en.unesco.org/world-press-freedom-day-2018/tsedale-lemma | access-date = 2021-03-09 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210118160857/https://en.unesco.org/world-press-freedom-day-2018/tsedale-lemma |archive-date= 2021-01-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="CAHDE_Tsedale_Lemma">{{cite web | title= Tsedale Lemma – Our Board of Advisors | website= [[Centre for the Advancement of Human Rights and Democracy in Ethiopia]] | year= 2016 | url= http://cahde.org/tsedale_lemma/ | access-date= 2021-03-09 | archive-url= https://archive.today/20210118161312/http://cahde.org/tsedale_lemma/ | archive-date= 2021-01-18 | url-status= dead }}</ref> <ref name="USHoR_Tsedale_biography">{{cite web | title= Hearing on 'The Unfolding Conflict in Ethiopia' – Ms. Tsedale Lemma Biography | website= [[United States House of Representatives]] |date = 2020-12-03 | url = https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/111103/witnesses/HHRG-116-FA16-Bio-LemmaT-20201203.pdf | access-date = 2021-03-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210308163138/https://www.congress.gov/116/meeting/house/111103/witnesses/HHRG-116-FA16-Bio-LemmaT-20201203.pdf |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Bandung_Jnl_Global_South">{{cite web | title= Bandung – Journal of the Global South | website= [[Brill Publishers]] |year = 2021 | url = https://brill.com/view/journals/bjgs/bjgs-overview.xml?contents=About | access-date = 2021-03-10 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210308163734/https://brill.com/view/journals/bjgs/bjgs-overview.xml?contents=About |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AddisStand_What_now_2011">{{cite news | last1= Lemma | first1= Tsedale | title= What now? | year=2012 |newspaper= [[Addis Standard]] | url= https://addisstandard.com/2011/category.php?fn_mode=fullnews&fn_id=181 |access-date=2021-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729234930/https://addisstandard.com/2011/category.php?fn_mode=fullnews&fn_id=181 |archive-date= 2017-07-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="HornAffairs_Tsedale_Lemma">{{cite news |last1=Berhane |first1=Daniel | title= Interview with Editor-in-Chief Tsedale Lemma | date= 2013-01-14 |newspaper= [[Horn Affairs]] | url= https://hornaffairs.com/2013/01/14/interview-ethiopian-journalist |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210308164355/https://hornaffairs.com/2013/01/14/interview-ethiopian-journalist/ |archive-date= 2021-03-08|url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="UNESCO_2014_womens_day">{{cite web | title= Media Advisory – "Equality for Women is Progress for All: Celebrating Ethiopian Women's Achievements in Ethiopia" | website= [[UNESCO]] |year = 2014 | url = https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/GENDER/PDF/ethiopia.pdf | access-date = 2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200113173016/https://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/BSP/GENDER/PDF/ethiopia.pdf |archive-date= 2020-01-13 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="NYT_Ethiopia_tragedy">{{cite news | last1= Lemma | first1= Tsedale | author1-link = Tsedale Lemma | title= What's Happening in Ethiopia Is a Tragedy | date= 2020-11-11 |newspaper= [[The New York Times]] | url= https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/opinion/ethiopia-tigray-abiy-ahmed.html |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20201112030259/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/11/opinion/ethiopia-tigray-abiy-ahmed.html |archive-date= 2020-11-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Borkena_open_note_Abebe_Gellaw">{{cite news | last1= Gellaw | first1= Abebe | title= An open note to Ms. Tsedale Lemma (Abebe Gellaw) | date= 2020-11-12 |newspaper= [[Borkena]] | url= https://borkena.com/2020/11/12/ethiopia-tsedale-lemma-abebe-gellaw/ |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210118161025/https://borkena.com/2020/11/12/ethiopia-tsedale-lemma-abebe-gellaw/ |archive-date= 2021-01-18 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="CJR_Tsedale_threats_ET_press">{{cite web | last1 = Merid | first1 = Feven | title= Q&A: Tsedale Lemma on new threats to the Ethiopian press | website= [[Columbia Journalism Review]] |date = 2021-01-15 | url = https://www.cjr.org/q_and_a/qa-tsedale-lemma-on-new-threats-to-the-ethiopian-press.php | access-date = 2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210308161726/https://www.cjr.org/q_and_a/qa-tsedale-lemma-on-new-threats-to-the-ethiopian-press.php |archive-date= 2021-03-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="AddisStand_morning_after_Oslo">{{cite news | title= Editorial: The morning after Oslo: The hard work should begin | date= 2019-12-12 |newspaper= [[Addis Standard]] | url= https://addisstandard.com/editorial-the-morning-after-oslo-the-hard-work-should-begin |access-date=2021-03-11 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210311231254/https://addisstandard.com/editorial-the-morning-after-oslo-the-hard-work-should-begin/ |archive-date= 2021-03-11 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{void|templates: <ref name="...">{{cite news | last1= | first1= | last2= | first2= | pages= | language = | title= |trans-title = | date= | publisher= |newspaper= | url= |access-date=20... |archive-url= |archive-date= 20... |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="...">{{cite web | last1 = | first1 = | last2= | first2= | authorlink = | language = | title= |trans-title = | work = | publisher = | website= |date = | url = |format = | doi = | access-date = 20... |archive-url= |archive-date= 20... |url-status=live }}</ref> }} </references> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pnzmt2ozkealfny39d6x2mrz5d4gi93 0 226368 1613971 1530235 2026-11-05T19:47:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613971 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shady Oukhadda''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[17 Januari]], [[1999]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] anayechukua nafasi ya [[kiungo]] katika klabu ya Casertana FC. Amezaliwa nchini [[Italia]] na amewahi kuiwakilisha [[Morocco]] national under-20 football team katika ngazi ya [[vijana]]. == Kazi ya klabu == Alifanya debuti yake katika Serie C kwa klabu ya Albissola 2010 tarehe [[19 Septemba]], [[2018]] katika mchezo dhidi ya Olbia Calcio 1905.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/09/19/italy/serie-c1/albissola/olbia-calcio/2918819/|title=Game Report by Soccerway|date=19 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|publisher=[[Robur Siena|Siena]]|url=https://robursiena.it/2019/07/18/shady-oukhadda-giocatore-della-robur-siena/|title=Shady Oukhadda nuovo giocatore della Robur Siena|date=18 July 2019|language=Italian|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126102909/https://robursiena.it/2019/07/18/shady-oukhadda-giocatore-della-robur-siena/|archivedate=2020-11-26|access-date=2026-03-26}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Moroko]] ctvqv1fm8rcszxtnlo64fawhsnawuk7 0 227107 1613841 1520360 2026-11-05T16:26:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mercy Aigbe''' (alizaliwa [[1 Januari]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mkurugenzi wa [[mitindo]] ya [[mavazi]], na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa filamu zake zinazotengenezwa kwa lugha ya Yoruba.<ref name="pulse">{{cite web|url=http://pulse.ng/celebrities/womancrushwednesday-mercy-aigbe-gentry-pretty-passionate-actress-id3824320.html|title=Mercy Aigbe-Gentry, pretty passionate actress|date=3 June 2015|author=Ayomide O. Tayo|accessdate=9 August 2015|archive-date=25 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625023508/http://pulse.ng/celebrities/womancrushwednesday-mercy-aigbe-gentry-pretty-passionate-actress-id3824320.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.naij.com/463296-6-hottest-asoebi-styles-of-mercy-aigbe.html|title=6 Hottest Asoebi Styles Of Mercy Aigbe|author=Ajomole Helen|publisher=Naij|accessdate=9 August 2015|archive-date=21 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821082308/https://www.naij.com/463296-6-hottest-asoebi-styles-of-mercy-aigbe.html|url-status=live}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Mercy Aigbe alizaliwa Januari 1, 1978, katika [[Jimbo la Edo]], Nigeria, kwa wazazi Pa Aigbe na Mrs. Abisola Grace Owodunni. Anatoka jiji la [[Benin]], mji mkuu wa Jimbo la Edo. Yeye ni mtoto wa pili katika familia ya watoto watano. Alipata elimu yake ya awali katika Shule ya Msingi ya St. Francis na baadaye alienda Maryland Comprehensive Secondary School huko Ikeja, Lagos State. Mercy pia ni mhitimu wa The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Oyo State, ambapo alipata OND katika Masomo ya Fedha. Mwaka 2001, alihitimu Chuo Kikuu cha Lagos akiwa na shahada ya Sanaa ya Tamthilia (Theater Arts).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nigeriafilms.com/style/122-beauty/50709-mercy-aigbe-looks-more-beautiful-without-makeup-photos|title=Mercy Aigbe looks more beautiful without makeup|access-date=21 March 2019|archive-date=22 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122125509/https://www.nigeriafilms.com/style/122-beauty/50709-mercy-aigbe-looks-more-beautiful-without-makeup-photos|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Mercy Aigbe alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji kwa kuigiza katika baadhi ya soap operas, ikiwa ni pamoja na mfululizo wa TV maarufu, "Papa Ajasco". Kitaaluma, alijiunga kikamilifu na tasnia ya [[Nollywood]] mwaka 2006, akicheza katika filamu iliyomleta kwenye mwanga wa umaarufu, 'Ara', filamu iliyotengenezwa na Remi Olupo huko Ibadan, Jimbo la Oyo. Mwaka 2016, alianzisha "Mercy Aigbe Gentry School of Drama". Mwaka 2026, Mercy Aigbe alitokeza katika filamu ya mapenzi na drama ya Everything Is New Again, ambayo ilitangazwa kimataifa Januari 28 na kuanza kuonyeshwa katika sinema za Nigeria na Afrika Magharibi, ikivutia umaarufu kwa hadithi yake ya kishujaa na uigizaji wa kina wa Mercy Aigbe kama mhusika mkuu.<ref>{{Rejea habari|date=29 January 2017|title=My mum and I : I bought car in school and lied to mum I won beauty pageant –Mercy Aigbe-Gentry|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/my-mum-and-i-i-bought-car-in-school-and-lied-to-mum-i-won-beauty-pageant-mercy-aigbe-gentry/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=13 April 2021|newspaper=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> Uwakilishi wa Bidhaa (Endorsements) * Novemba 2014: Bwana Aigbe aliteuliwa kuwa balozi wa brand wa Elephant Gold Rice. * Juni 2015: Alitia saini mkataba wa mwaka mmoja kama balozi wa Prestige Cosmetic. * Julai 2016: Aliingia mkataba na Edalaf Brother Limited, kampuni ya suluhisho la IT. * Oktoba 2016: Aliteuliwa balozi wa kampuni ya mazoezi ya mwili Shape You, inayozalisha Slimming Coffee. * Machi 2017: Balozi wa BK Hair. * Septemba 2018: Balozi wa Naija Taxi Services, kampuni inayoshughulika na usafirishaji wa watu. * Pia alitia saini mkataba wa ushirikiano na Bose Alao na Biodun Okeowo na kampuni ya vipodozi Mary Make.Marejeo<ref>{{cite web|date=2 December 2020|title=Who is Mercy Aigbe? Biography, Age, Career, Net worth, Awards, other Facts ⋆ NaijaHomeBased|url=https://www.naijahomebased.com/who-is-mercy-aigbe-biography-age-career-net-worth-awards-other-facts/|access-date=14 April 2021|website=NaijaHomeBased|archive-date=14 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414212748/https://www.naijahomebased.com/who-is-mercy-aigbe-biography-age-career-net-worth-awards-other-facts/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Nigeria]] axvo2m2y05jt3qafi9y9i0w6qap6qdf 0 227187 1613915 1595333 2026-11-05T18:33:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peggy Oti-Boateng''' ni mtaalamu wa biokemia kutoka nchini Ghana. Pia ni mkurugenzi mtendaji wa sasa katika Chuo cha Sayansi barani Afrika. Ndiye mkuu wa zamani wa Idara ya Sera ya Sayansi ya Kujenga Uwezo ya [[UNESCO]]. Pia alikuwa mkuu wa zamani wa Sekta ya Sayansi katika [[Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]], na ni mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Utafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah na mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Kamati ya Ushauri ya Programu ya BioInnovate barani Africa (PAC). <ref name="researchprofessionalnews">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-11-10|title=African Academy of Science appoints new executive director|url=https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-news-africa-pan-african-2022-11-aas-appoints-new-executive-director/|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=Research Professional News|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="edu">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr. Peggy Oti-Boateng – AIMS Ghana|url=https://aims.edu.gh/person/dr-peggy-oti-boateng/|accessdate=2022-11-14|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114135721/https://aims.edu.gh/person/dr-peggy-oti-boateng/|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="gender-summit">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr Peggy Oti-Boateng - Gender Summit|url=https://gender-summit.com/gs5-speakers/864-oti-boateng|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=gender-summit.com|archive-date=2022-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114135725/https://gender-summit.com/gs5-speakers/864-oti-boateng|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-04-10|title=Dr Peggy Oti-Boateng|url=https://bioinnovate-africa.org/dr-peggy-oti-boateng/|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=BioInnovate Africa|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="open-science-conference">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Speakers biography at open science conference|url=https://www.open-science-conference.eu/speaker/dr-peggy-oti-boateng/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129053821/https://www.open-science-conference.eu/speaker/dr-peggy-oti-boateng/|archivedate=2022-11-29|accessdate=2026-04-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Elimu == Oti-Boateng alisoma Shahada yake ya Uzamili ya Sayansi katika biokemia kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah Kumasi (Ghana) na pia alisoma Shahada yake ya Uzamivu (PhD) katika Sayansi na Teknolojia ya Chakula kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Adelaide nchini [[Australia]] . <ref name="edu"/> == Kazi == Oti-Boateng alianza kazi yake kama mtafiti katika Kituo cha Ushauri kwa Teknolojia katika Chuo cha Uhandisi huko KNUST kuanzia mwaka 1985. Mnamo mwaka wa 1989, alikuawa Mshauri na Mkufunzi katika Idara ya Mafunzo na Ajira ya Australia Kusini huko Adelaide, Australia. Kati ya mwaka wa 2005 na mwaka wa 2010, alikuwa Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Utafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sayansi na Teknolojia cha Kwame Nkrumah na mnamo mwaka wa 2011, alijiunga na UNESCO kama Mtaalamu Mkuu wa Programu nchini [[Kenya]] . <ref name="edu"/> <ref name="gender-summit"/> Mnamo mwaka wa 2015, alihamishiwa ofisi ya kikanda huko [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]] ambapo akawa mkurugenzi wa Kitengo cha Sera ya Sayansi na Ujenzi wa Uwezo katika Sekta ya Sayansi Asilia. Mnamo mwaka wa 2022, akawa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Chuo cha Sayansi cha barani Afrika. <ref name="researchprofessionalnews"/> <ref name="open-science-conference"/> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Dr Peggy Oti-Boateng, Director of Science Policy and Capacity Building, UNESCO on Promoting Science and Diversity within BAME|url=https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/01a1e548-fb11-452c-9a2e-9e443ce1d740/|accessdate=2022-11-14|work=talks.ox.ac.uk|language=en|archive-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124111857/https://talks.ox.ac.uk/talks/id/01a1e548-fb11-452c-9a2e-9e443ce1d740/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alikuwa amechukua nafasi ya mtendaji wa chuo hicho baada ya kupita katika kipindi kigumu. Chuo hicho kilijua ya kuwa wafanyakazi wake na bajeti yake ilikuwa imeongezeka mpaka kufikia wafanyakazi 60 wakidhibiti dola milioni 250 zinazoungwa mkono na Wellcome na [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation|Wakfu wa Bill na Melinda Gates]] . Pia hakukubaliana kwa ndani kulisababisha kupotea kwa wafuasi wa kifedha wa chuo hicho. Yeye na baraza jipya linaloongoza ilibidi waanzishe upya nafasi ya chuo hicho. <ref name="nature">{{Rejea jarida |date=2024-03-19 |title=A fresh start for the African Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00814-1 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=627 |issue=8004 |pages=465–465 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-00814-1}}</ref> Baraza linaloongoza la chuo hicho lina watu kumi na watatu na kati yao Jane Catherine Ngila, Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli na Lise Korsten (ambaye alikuwa Rais) pia ni wanawake. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The African Academy of Sciences (AAS)|url=https://aasciences.africa/governing-council|accessdate=2025-09-06|work=aasciences.africa|language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Ghana]] bxvvqs93p6018uqx8a6aqlk99qn9k1u 0 227758 1613876 1571101 2026-11-05T17:46:44Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomi A.H.Millard''', née '''Bokenham''' (Green Point, Cape Town, [[16 Julai]] [[1914]]<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Frssaf |first=A. C. Brown |date=1998-01-01 |title=Naomi A.h. Millard 1914–1997 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=437–441 |doi=10.1080/00359199809520365 |issn=0035-919X}}</ref> - [[12 Juni]] [[1997]]) alikuwa [[mwanabiolojia]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]], mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Jumuiya ya Wanyama ya Afrika Kusini na Jarida la Zoologica Africana. <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Campos |first=Felipe Ferreira |last2=Pérez |first2=Carlos Daniel |last3=Puce |first3=Stefania |last4=Marques |first4=Antonio Carlos |date=2020-05-21 |title=Zygophylax naomiae Campos, Perez, Puce & Marques 2020, sp. nov. |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3853152 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.3853152}}</ref> == Maisha == Alihitimu Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Wynberg akaingia kwenye [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cape Town]] mwaka wa 1932, akihitimisha shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1935. <ref name=":0" /> Mwaka wa 1938, Bokenham aliolewa na Arthur Millard na baadaye wakaishi Pillans Road, Rosebank, wakilea mtoto wa kiume na wakike. <ref name=":0"/> Mwaka wa 1942, Millard alipewa shahada ya Uzamivu, na mwaka wa 1946, alichaguliwa kuwa mhadhiri kwa wafanyakazi wa kudumu. <ref name=":0"/> == Kazi == Mwaka wa 1951, Millard alichapisha ''Uchunguzi na majaribio kuhusu viumbe vinavyochafua katika Bandari ya Bay, Afrika Kusini katika Miamala ya Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Afrika Kusini'' . Kufikia mwaka wa 1952, alipewa Ushirika wa Chuo Kikuu kwa idadi na ubora wa mchango wa machapisho yake ya kisayansi. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Frssaf |first=A. C. Brown |date=1998-01-01 |title=Naomi A.h. Millard 1914–1997 |journal=Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=437–441 |doi=10.1080/00359199809520365 |issn=0035-919X}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFFrssaf1998">Frssaf, A. C. Brown (1 January 1998). "Naomi A.h. Millard 1914–1997". ''Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa''. '''52''' (2): <span class="nowrap">437–</span>441. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/00359199809520365|10.1080/00359199809520365]]. [[International Standard Serial Number|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-919X 0035-919X].</cite></ref> Mwaka wa 1958, Millard alipanda cheo hadi cheo hadi kushika nafasi ya mhadhiri mkuu na mnamo 1963 akawa Mwanachama wa Jumuiya ya Kifalme ya Afrika Kusini . <ref name=":0" /> Kuanzia mnamo 1961 hadi mnamo 1972 Millard alishika nafasi ya katibu wa Heshima wa Baraza Kuu la Wanyama la Afrika Kusini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=History and Overview|url=https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=Zoological Society of Southern Africa (ZSSA)|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127195300/https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1967, Millard alichapisha kazi ya ''Hydrois kutoka kusini-magharibi mwa Bahari ya Hindi.'' ''Annals of the South African Museum'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Reference Summary - Millard, N.A.H., 1967|url=https://www.sealifebase.ca/References/FBRefSummary.php?id=92985|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=www.sealifebase.ca}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1971, alistaafu kutoka Chuo Kikuu na kuungana na wafanyakazi wa Jumba la Makumbusho la Afrika Kusini kama mwanabiolojia wa baharini akisomea hidroidi za Afrika Kusini. <ref name=":0"/> Mwaka wa 1972 hadi mwaka wa 1977 Millard alishika nafasi ya Mhariri wa Jarida la Baraza Kuu la Zoological Society of South Africa. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=History and Overview|url=https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=Zoological Society of Southern Africa (ZSSA)|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127195300/https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/ "History and Overview"] {{Wayback|url=https://zssa.co.za/history-and-overview/ |date=20210127195300 }}. ''Zoological Society of Southern Africa (ZSSA)''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Kazi nyingine ya Millard juu ya hidroidi ilichapishwa mwaka wa 1977 - ''Hydroidi kutoka rafu za Kerguelen na Crozet, zilizokusanywa na meli ya meli ya MD.03 ya Marion-Dufresne.'' ''Ann. S. Afr. Mus'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Reference Summary - Millard, N.A.H., 1977|url=https://www.sealifebase.ca/References/FBRefSummary.php?id=3103|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=www.sealifebase.ca}}</ref> Wakati wa enzi ya kazi yake alielezea zaidi ya aina 100 za Afrika Kusini. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species|url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist|accessdate=2021-01-18|work=www.marinespecies.org}}</ref> Mwaka wa 1980, Millard alitunukiwa Nishani ya Dhahabu ya Jumuiya ya Wanyama Kusini mwa Afrika. <ref name=":0"/> Millard alifariki tarehe 12 Juni 1997. <ref name=":0"/> == Kazi zilizochaguliwa == * 1951 - ''Uchunguzi na majaribio kuhusu viumbe vinavyochafua katika Bandari ya Bay, Afrika Kusini.'' * 1967 - ''Hydrois kutoka kusini-magharibi mwa Bahari ya Hindi.'' ''Annals of the South African Museum.'' * 1977 - ''Hydroidi kutoka kwenye rafu za Kerguelen na Crozet, zilizokusanywa na meli ya meli ya MD.03 ya Marion-Dufresne.'' ''Ann. S. Afr. Mus.'' == Spishi iliyopewa jina la Millard == * ''Gymnangium millardi'' <small>Ronowicz sp.</small> <small>nov.</small> <ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=Ronowicz |first=Marta |last2=Boissin |first2=Emilie |last3=Postaire |first3=Bautisse |last4=Bourmaud |first4=Chloé Annie-France |last5=Gravier-Bonnet |first5=Nicole |last6=Schuchert |first6=Peter |date=2017-04-19 |title=Modern alongside traditional taxonomy—Integrative systematics of the genera Gymnangium Hincks, 1874 and Taxella Allman, 1874 (Hydrozoa, Aglaopheniidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=4 |bibcode=2017PLoSO..1274244R |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0174244 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5396908 |pmid=28422958 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0174244}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1997]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1914]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iyp97efnlrxtj6pz1h89atdum6k6yiz 0 227927 1613899 1600416 2026-11-05T18:08:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613899 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ola Uduku''' ni msanifu wa majengo Mwafrika anayeishi nchini Uingereza ambaye ni Mkuu wa Shule katika Shule ya Usanifu wa Majengo ya Liverpool. Uduku ni mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Wasanifu Majengo ya nchini Nigeria na Taasisi ya Kifalme ya Wasanifu Majengo wa nchini Uingereza. Yeye ni mjuzi na usanifu wa majengo wa kielimu wa Afrika. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uduku, NWOLA., COLLINS, MICHAEL., 2014 - Exhibition: Alan Vaughan Richards Archive – Manchester School of Art|url=https://www.art.mmu.ac.uk/staff/research/6842|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.art.mmu.ac.uk}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Uduku anatoka nchini [[Nigeria]]. Alisoma katika Chuo cha Wasichana cha Serikali ya Shirikisho, Owerri. Alisomea usanifu wa majengo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nigeria, ambapo alifanya kazi, na alipata shahada ya uzamili katika usanifu wa nyumba za nishati ya jua katika [[Tropiki|nchi za Tropiki.]]  . Alipoenda kuishi nchini [[Ufalme wa Muungano|Uingereza]] kwa ajili ya masomo yake ya uzamili. Uduku alisoma Shahada ya Uzamili ya Uhandisi wa Kiraia (M.Phil), ikifuatiwa na shahada yake ya udaktari kutoka katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]], ambapo alitafiti mambo yaliyoathiri muundo wa shule nchini Nigeria. Yeye ni mwanafunzi wa kihistoria wa Chuo cha Robinson Cambridge. <ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Factors affecting the design of secondary schools in Nigeria.|last=Uduku|first=Nwola|date=1993|publisher=University of Cambridge|language=English|oclc=557315012}}</ref> Baada ya kumaliza masomo ya udaktari wake, Uduku alikamilisha RIBA yake ya sehemu ya 2 katika Taasisi ya Royal ya Wasanifu Majengo wa Uingereza na ni mwanachama mshirika wa RIBA. Pia ana sifa za sehemu ya 3 kutoka katika Taasisi ya Wasanifu Majengo ya nchini Nigeria. Alimaliza Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Strathclyde, na ana Shahada ya Uzamili ya Elimu kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Sanaa, London. == Utafiti na kazi == Miaka michache baadaye Uduku alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Strathclyde, ambapo alisoma Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Biashara. Uduku alifanya kazi kama Profesa Mshiriki katika Usanifu na kama Mkuu wa Idara ya Afrika kutoka katika Chuo Kikuu cha Edinburgh. Utafiti wake ulizingatia usanifu wa elimu barani Afrika. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ola Uduku - Edinburgh Research Explorer|url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.research.ed.ac.uk|archivedate=29 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029193622/https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html}}</ref> Tangu mwaka wa 2001 Uduku alikuwa mwanachama mwanzilishi wa [[ArchiAfrika]], shirika lisilo la faida ambalo linalenga na kuboresha historia ya usanifu wa kisasa barani Afrika. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ola Uduku - Edinburgh Research Explorer|url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.research.ed.ac.uk|archivedate=29 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029193622/https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20201029193622/https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html "Ola Uduku - Edinburgh Research Explorer"]. ''www.research.ed.ac.uk''. Archived from [https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html the original] {{Wayback|url=https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/portal/en/persons/ola-uduku(7dd57e06-7353-49c0-8371-68c9ea919680).html |date=20201029193622 }} on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Alitengeneza maonyesho katika Shule ya Sanaa ya Manchester ambayo yalichunguza kumbukumbu ya Alan Vaughan-Richards. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Uduku, NWOLA., COLLINS, MICHAEL., 2014 - Exhibition: Alan Vaughan Richards Archive – Manchester School of Art|url=https://www.art.mmu.ac.uk/staff/research/6842|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.art.mmu.ac.uk}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.art.mmu.ac.uk/staff/research/6842 "Uduku, NWOLA., COLLINS, MICHAEL., 2014 - Exhibition: Alan Vaughan Richards Archive – Manchester School of Art"]. ''www.art.mmu.ac.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Tangu mwaka wa 2017 Uduku alipewa nafasi ya kuwa Profesa wa Usanifu katika Shule ya Usanifu ya Manchester. Hapa anaongoza programu za utafiti wa shahada ya kwanza katika uundaji wa miji, urithi na uhifadhi. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Professor Ola Uduku – Manchester School of Architecture|url=https://www.msa.ac.uk/staff/ouduku/|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.msa.ac.uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Welt|first=Haus der Kulturen der|date=2019-11-25|title=Contributors: Ola Uduku|url=https://www.hkw.de/en/programm/beitragende_hkw/u/ola_uduku.php|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=HKW|language=en}}</ref> Alianzisha EdenAppLabs, Ni timu ya watafiti wanaoangalia matumizi ya programu za simu kwa ajili ya usanifu wa mazingira. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=EdenAppLabs – Manchester School of Architecture|url=https://www.msa.ac.uk/edenapplabs/|accessdate=2020-09-04|work=www.msa.ac.uk}}</ref> == Machapisho == === Makala za jarida === * {{Rejea jarida |last=Uduku |first=Ola |date=2015 |title=Designing Schools for Quality: An International, Case Study-based Review |url=https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/files/21613706/EDEV_D_12_00262R1.pdf |journal=International Journal of Educational Development |volume=44 |pages=56–64 |doi=10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.05.005 |hdl=20.500.11820/4ca1a08a-4cc4-44fc-a43c-925361be5a84 |issn=0738-0593 |hdl-access=free}} Document Version: Peer reviewed version * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Beneficial Urban Redevelopment: A Cape Town - Liverpool Comparison|last=Uduku|first=Ola|date=1999|publisher=[publisher not identified]|oclc=870086309}} * {{Rejea jarida |last=Jackson |first=Iain |last2=Uduku |first2=Ola |last3=Appeaning Addo |first3=Irene |last4=Assasie Opong |first4=Rexford |date=2019-05-19 |title=The Volta River Project: Planning, Housing and Resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965 |journal=The Journal of Architecture |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=512–548 |doi=10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389 |issn=1360-2365 |s2cid=202276595 |doi-access=free}} === Vitabu === * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Learning Spaces in Africa|last=Uduku|first=Ola|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=978-1-315-57674-9|doi=10.4324/9781315576749}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Beyond Gated Communities|last=Bagaeen|first=Samer|last2=Uduku|first2=Ola|year=2015|isbn=978-0-415-74824-7|oclc=899949706}} * {{Rejea kitabu|title=Gated Communities: Social Sustainability in Contemporary and Historical Gated Developments|last=Bagaeen|first=Samer|last2=Uduku|first2=Ola|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-83041-6|oclc=829427872}} == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wasanifu majengo wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hz4zqpm71trr2obeowozzrbaa5qq6p6 0 228757 1614010 1527116 2026-11-05T20:31:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614010 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thokozile Sokanyile''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] na Mbunge wa Bunge la Kitaifa kupitia chama cha African National Congress (ANC). Alichaguliwa katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2024 na kuingia Bungeni kama mwakilishi wa ANC katika Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ms Thokozile Sokanyile - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5315|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105084639/https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5315|archive-date=2024-11-05|access-date=2026-01-02|website=www.parliament.gov.za|language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] qkre5oo0wae59t3z9h5o8th5se00yz5 0 228760 1613893 1522338 2026-11-05T17:59:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613893 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nombiselo Suzan Sompa-Masiu''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]] na Mbunge wa Bunge la Kitaifa kupitia chama cha African National Congress (ANC). Alichaguliwa katika uchaguzi mkuu wa mwaka 2024 na kuingia Bungeni kama mwakilishi wa ANC katika Bunge la Kitaifa la Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ms Nombiselo Suzan Sompa-Masiu - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5308|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117084532/https://parliament.gov.za/person-details/5308|archive-date=17 November 2024|access-date=2026-01-02|website=www.parliament.gov.za|language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] h1wscgilmfmwqc09d2gihc770wd0j5x 0 228904 1613930 1529915 2026-11-05T18:48:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613930 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rachid Benallal.jpg|thumb|Rachid Benallal]] '''Rachid Benallal''' (kwa [[Kiarabu]]: رشيد بن علال) ni mkurugenzi wa filamu, mwandishi wa miswaada ya filamu, mhariri, na [[mwigizaji]]. Alizaliwa mwaka [[1946]] huko [[Aljeri|Algiers]], amekuwa akifanya kazi tangu mwishoni mwa miaka ya [[1960]] na hasa aliongoza filamu za ''Yaouled'' ya mwaka [[1993]] na ''Si Mohand u M'Hand, le Rebelle'' ya mwaka [[2008]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0070176/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-04-17}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Rachid Benallal|url=https://www.africine.org/personne/rachid-benallal/7142|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119070444/http://www.africine.org/personne/rachid-benallal/7142|archivedate=2024-11-19|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi == Rachid Benallal alifanya kazi kama mhariri wa filamu za [[Aljeria|Algeria]] katika miaka ya [[1970]] na [[1980]], kama mkurugenzi wa filamu fupi na filamu ndefu, na kama mtengenezaji wa filamu za kubuni na za hali halisi. Aliongoza filamu ya ''Yaouled'' ya mwaka 1993 na akaongoza kwa ushirikiano pamoja na Lyazid Khodja filamu ya ''Si Mohand u M'Hand, the Rebel'' ya mwaka 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0379042/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-04-17}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Si Mohand U M'Hand, L'Insoumis (2008) {{!}} MUBI|url=https://mubi.com/en/us/films/si-mohand-u-m-hand-l-insoumis|language=en|access-date=2026-04-17}}</ref> == Mtindo na Dhamira == Filamu za Benallal mara nyingi hushughulikia simulizi za kijamii na wahusika waliotengwa katika jamii kwa mfano, filamu ya Yaouled, ambayo inamfuatilia kijana wa mitaani. Mwelekeo wake kuhusu filamu ya Si Mohand u M'Hand unaonyesha nia yake ya kuonyesha watu mashuhuri wa kitamaduni wa Algeria (katika kesi hii mshairi Si Mohand U M'hand).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Africiné - Yaouled|url=https://www.africine.org/film/yaouled/19850|work=Africiné|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=fr}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tuzo na Tamasha == * Tuzo ya Mkurugenzi Bora katika Tamasha la Filamu Fupi la Maghreb, [[Oujda]] iliyofanyika [[Moroko]] kwa filamu ya ''Passage à niveau.''<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Wojooh - Rachid Benallal|url=https://agence-wojooh.com/bio/37/Rachid--Benallal|work=agence-wojooh.com|accessdate=2026-04-17|language=en}}</ref> * Tuzo ya Muigizaji Bora katika Tamasha la Filamu Fupi la Maghreb,[[Oujda]] iliyofanika Moroko kw.a filamu ya ''Passage à niveau.<ref name=":1" />'' * Tuzo ya Uhariri huko [[Marakesh|Marrakech]] mwaka [[2001]].<ref name=":2">https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/rachid-benallal-decu-par-la-decision-2589751-Articles-0-0-1.html</ref> * Tuzo ya Tangazo Bora huko [[Tébessa]] mwaka 1993.<ref name=":2" /> * Tuzo ya Heshima ya Mafanikio ya Maisha katika Tamasha la Filamu la Mediterania la Annaba. == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 63zto3w4u33jvnktlep3ie740nay9ea 0 229044 1613956 1524866 2026-11-05T19:11:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 5 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613956 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabah Ferdi''' (pia: {{lang|ar|Ṣabāḥ Fardī}}, amezaliwa 4 Juni 1954) ni mtafiti, mwanaakiolojia, msimamizi wa makumbusho na msomi wa kitaaluma wa [[Algeria]]. Katika maisha yake ya kisayansi, amejikita katika sanaa ya Kirumi, sanaa ya Kikristo ya awali na ya kati katika Afrika Kaskazini, akizingatia hasa mchango wa [[Agostino wa Hippo]]. Aidha, yeye ni msimamizi wa makumbusho ya [[Tipasa]] na Archaeological Museum of [[Cherchell]]. Katika jukumu lake hilo, ameshiriki kwa kiasi kikubwa katika kulinda na kusimamia urithi wa kitamaduni wa Algeria. == Wasifu == Ferdi alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika taaluma ya Classical antiquity kutoka University of Provence mwaka 1982,<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |last=glycines |date=2019-03-28 |title=Journées d'étude, Augustin, témoin de la fin d'un monde |url=[https://glycines.hypotheses.org/1162](https://glycines.hypotheses.org/1162) |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=Le carnet des Glycines |doi=10.58079/p3qr |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2024-02-21 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240221044336/https://glycines.hypotheses.org/1162](https://web.archive.org/web/20240221044336/https://glycines.hypotheses.org/1162) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Biographie de Sabah Ferdi |url=[https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/biographie-de-sabah-ferdi-237310-Articles-0-0-1.html](https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/biographie-de-sabah-ferdi-237310-Articles-0-0-1.html) |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=vitaminedz.com |language=fr |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240722103636/https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/biographie-de-sabah-ferdi-237310-Articles-0-0-1.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20240722103636/https://www.vitaminedz.com/fr/Algerie/biographie-de-sabah-ferdi-237310-Articles-0-0-1.html) |url-status=dead }}</ref> na pia alipata diploma kutoka Taasisi ya Kipapa ya Akiolojia ya Kikristo iliyoko [[Rome]].<ref name=":0" /> Kati ya mwaka 1982 na 1985, aliteuliwa kuwa msimamizi wa makumbusho ya [[Tipasa|Tipasa museum]]<ref name=":1">{{Rejea jarida |last=Sznycer |first=Maurice |date=2005 |title=Antiquités et épigraphie nord-sémitiques |url=[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ephe_0000-0001_2003_num_19_1_11288](https://www.persee.fr/doc/ephe_0000-0001_2003_num_19_1_11288) |journal=Annuaires de l'École pratique des hautes études |volume=136 |issue=19 |pages=517–524 |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2024-03-01 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240301185830/https://www.persee.fr/doc/ephe_0000-0001_2003_num_19_1_11288](https://web.archive.org/web/20240301185830/https://www.persee.fr/doc/ephe_0000-0001_2003_num_19_1_11288) |url-status=dead }}</ref> kisha makumbusho ya Cherchell.<ref name=":0" /> Baadaye alishika wadhifa wa mkuu wa eneo la akiolojia la Tipasa hadi mwaka 2000.<ref name=":0" /> Katika kipindi hicho, kuanzia 1995 hadi 2001, alikuwa Katibu Mkuu wa sehemu ya Kiarabu ya International Council of Museums, shirika linalolenga kuwaunganisha wasimamizi wa makumbusho kutoka nchi za Kiarabu.<ref name=":0" /> Kati ya mwaka 2001 na 2008, Ferdi alifanya kazi kama mkaguzi wa urithi wa kitamaduni.<ref name=":0" /> Mwaka 2003, alitoa mhadhara huko Bordeaux katika siku ya tafiti yenye kichwa ''"Saint Augustine: Numidia and the society of his time"'', ambapo aliwasilisha kazi ya pamoja aliyoandika na Hélène Lafont-Couturier pamoja na Philippe Chauveau, ''Saint Augustine: A memory of Algeria''.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Roddaz |first1=Jean-Michel |url=[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/8079](https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/8079) |title=Avant-propos |last2=Lancel |first2=Serge |editor-first1=Serge |editor-first2=Stéphanie |editor-first3=Louis |editor-last1=Lancel |editor-last2=Guédon |editor-last3=Maurin |date=2019-04-08 |publisher=Ausonius Éditions |doi=10.4000/books.ausonius.8022 |isbn=978-2-910023-66-9 |language=fr |access-date=2024-07-21 |archive-date=2023-12-18 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231218145625/https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/8079](https://web.archive.org/web/20231218145625/https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/8079) |url-status=live }}</ref> Kazi hiyo ilisifiwa kama “ya kifahari” na Maurice Sznycer.<ref name=":1" /> Tangu mwaka 2008, Ferdi ni mtafiti katika Kituo cha Taifa cha Utafiti wa Akiolojia (CNRA).<ref name=":0" /> Mwezi Machi 2013, alitoa mhadhara katika EHESS huko [[Paris]] kuhusu “makusanyo ya mosaiki katika makumbusho ya akiolojia ya Algeria”.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Dedieu |first=Elisabeth |date=2013-03-13 |title=Musées, collections et architecture en contexte européen et extra-européen |url=[http://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle1073.htmlhttp://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle5475.html](http://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle1073.htmlhttp://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle5475.html) |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=actualites.ehess.fr |archive-date=2018-01-18 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180118233435/http://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle1073.htmlhttp://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle5475.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180118233435/http://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle1073.htmlhttp://actualites.ehess.fr/nouvelle5475.html) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwaka 2019, aliandaa kongamano lililomlenga [[Augustine of Hippo]].<ref name=":2" /> Katika shughuli zake kama msimamizi wa makumbusho, amehusika sana katika kulinda urithi wa kitamaduni wa Algeria, hasa kwa kuunga mkono miradi inayolenga kuunganisha na kuendeleza hifadhi za kitamaduni za nchi hiyo.<ref>{{Citation |last=Oulebsir |first=Nabila |title=« La muséographie à l'œuvre en Afrique du Nord. La formation des collections archéologiques et objets d'art dans les musées en Algérie et en Tunisie, XIXe-XXe siècle)" dans |date=2013 |url=[https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04008825](https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04008825) |access-date=2024-07-21 |publisher=Alger, Centre national de la recherche en Archéologie / Ministère de la Culture, 2013 |language=fr |archive-date=2023-10-20 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231020144225/https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04008825](https://web.archive.org/web/20231020144225/https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-04008825) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Pia anashirikiana kuongoza mradi wa kitaifa wa kukusanya na kuchambua mosaiki za Algeria.<ref name=":0" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Algeria]] [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Algeria]] hej9yyzio8zydaoba8zhu9z60nom31e 0 229284 1613895 1529111 2026-11-05T18:00:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613895 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniela Di Lillo'''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Callwood|first=Brett|date=2 Januari 2020|title=Nora En Pure Puts Nature in Her House|url=[https://www.sfweekly.com/music/nora-en-pure-puts-nature-in-her-house/|access-date=28](https://www.sfweekly.com/music/nora-en-pure-puts-nature-in-her-house/|access-date=28) Julai 2020|website=SF Weekly|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (zamani '''Niederer''',<ref name=":0" /> alizaliwa 20 Julai 1990),<ref name=":0">[[https://web.archive.org/web/20180811032941/https://www.star-telegram.com/living/article145202994.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180811032941/https://www.star-telegram.com/living/article145202994.html) Nora en Pure will remix your EDM stereotypes]. Star-Telegram (18 Aprili 2017)</ref> anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Nora En Pure''', ni DJ na mtayarishaji wa muziki wa aina ya deep house mwenye asili ya Uswisi na [[Afrika Kusini]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[https://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/local-arts/nora-en-pure-stay-humble-and-friendly|title=Nora](https://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/local-arts/nora-en-pure-stay-humble-and-friendly|title=Nora) en Pure: "Stay humble and friendly"|last=Saxberg|first=Lynn|date=2 Desemba 2016|work=Ottawa Citizen|access-date=21 Machi 2017|language=en-US|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015401/http://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/local-arts/nora-en-pure-stay-humble-and-friendly|archive-date=22](https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015401/http://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/local-arts/nora-en-pure-stay-humble-and-friendly|archive-date=22) Machi 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Alipata umaarufu kwa mara ya kwanza kupitia wimbo wake wa mwaka 2013 "Come With Me". Nyimbo nyingine maarufu ni pamoja na "Morning Dew", "Lake Arrowhead", na "Tears In Your Eyes." Mwezi Julai 2016, alialikwa kuandaa mchanganyiko wa muziki wa saa mbili kwa kipindi cha redio cha Pete Tong kinachoitwa "BBC's Essential Mix".<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/nora-en-pure-recaps-a-year-of-little-sleep-i-can-t-remember-the-last-time-i-was-off-8912476|title=Nora](http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/nora-en-pure-recaps-a-year-of-little-sleep-i-can-t-remember-the-last-time-i-was-off-8912476|title=Nora) En Pure Recaps a Year of Little Sleep: "I Can't Remember the Last Time I Was Off"|last=Markowitz|first=Douglas|date=16 Novemba 2016|work=Miami New Times|access-date=21 Machi 2017|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015938/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/nora-en-pure-recaps-a-year-of-little-sleep-i-can-t-remember-the-last-time-i-was-off-8912476|archive-date=22](https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015938/http://www.miaminewtimes.com/music/nora-en-pure-recaps-a-year-of-little-sleep-i-can-t-remember-the-last-time-i-was-off-8912476|archive-date=22) Machi 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali === Alizaliwa na mama wa Afrika Kusini na baba wa Uswisi katika jiji la [[Johannesburg]], na baadaye alihamia [[Uswisi]] akiwa mtoto mchanga.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[http://redmilkmagazine.com/2014/10/nora-en-pure/|title=NORA](http://redmilkmagazine.com/2014/10/nora-en-pure/|title=NORA) EN PURE|date=20 Oktoba 2014|newspaper=RedMilk|access-date=6 Novemba 2016|archive-date=13 Juni 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180613160341/http://redmilkmagazine.com/2014/10/nora-en-pure/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20180613160341/http://redmilkmagazine.com/2014/10/nora-en-pure/|url-status=dead}})</ref> Alikulia katika mazingira ya muziki, ambapo alijifunza kupiga vyombo mbalimbali vya muziki tangu utotoni. Kabla ya kuingia katika muziki wa electronic music, alikuwa akisikiliza aina mbalimbali za muziki ikiwemo muziki wa klasiki, pop na rock.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[http://www.decodedmagazine.com/nora-en-pure-touring-is-exciting-but-also-takes-quite-some-energy/|title=Nora](http://www.decodedmagazine.com/nora-en-pure-touring-is-exciting-but-also-takes-quite-some-energy/|title=Nora) En Pure – touring is exciting but also takes quite some energy – Decoded Magazine|date=5 Machi 2015|newspaper=Decoded Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=6 Novemba 2016}}</ref> === Asili na mtindo === Akiwa mpenzi wa mazingira ya asili, Nora En Pure hupata msukumo mkubwa wa ubunifu kutoka katika mazingira na safari zake, jambo linalosababisha kazi zake kuwa na ladha ya asili na mandhari. Muziki wake huunganisha athari za asili yake ya Afrika Kusini na mapenzi yake kwa muziki wa klasiki na nyimbo za filamu, ambapo hutumia ala kama piano, ala za upepo, ala za nyuzi na viongezeo vya sauti (synthesizers) kuunda melodi na harmonia zenye hisia.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=[http://www.20min.ch/ro/musique/news/story/Une-DJ-star-fascinee-par-la-faune-et-les-BO-de-films-27296935|title=Une](http://www.20min.ch/ro/musique/news/story/Une-DJ-star-fascinee-par-la-faune-et-les-BO-de-films-27296935|title=Une) DJ star fascinée par la faune et les BO de films|work=[[20 Minuten|20 Minutes]]|access-date=19 Oktoba 2018|language=fr-CH}}</ref> Akiwa sehemu ya kundi la Helvetic Nerds nchini Uswisi, Nora En Pure ana ushirikiano wa muda mrefu wa studio na lebo ya Enormous Tunes chini ya mmiliki Christian Hirt. Ushirikiano huo umechangia kuunda sauti yake ya kipekee inayotambulika kirahisi katika muziki wa dansi wa kielektroniki. === Kazi ya muziki === Alianza kujulikana kimataifa kupitia wimbo "Saltwater" uliokuwa na vipengele vya wimbo "True" wa kundi la Spandau Ballet, ambao ulijumuishwa katika mkusanyiko wa mwaka 2012 wa Buddha Bar.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.discogs.com/Ravin-Buddha-Bar-XIV/release/5553008|title=Ravin](https://www.discogs.com/Ravin-Buddha-Bar-XIV/release/5553008|title=Ravin) – Buddha-Bar XIV|website=Discogs|date=26 Aprili 2012 |access-date=6 Novemba 2016}}</ref> Mwaka 2013 alipata mafanikio makubwa kupitia wimbo "Come With Me" uliodumu katika orodha ya juu 100 ya upakuaji ya Beatport kwa zaidi ya miezi saba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://dalok.hu/bio/id/2936|title=Nora](https://dalok.hu/bio/id/2936|title=Nora) En Pure – Biográfiák – Dalok.hu|website=dalok.hu|access-date=6 Novemba 2016|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210651/https://dalok.hu/bio/id/2936|archive-date=4](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304210651/https://dalok.hu/bio/id/2936|archive-date=4) Machi 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Amefanya maonyesho katika matamasha makubwa duniani kama vile Coachella na Tomorrowland, pamoja na kushirikiana na wasanii kama Faithless, Wretch 32, Klingande na Oliver Heldens. Pia huendesha kipindi cha redio cha "Purified Radio" kwenye Sirius XM Chill, ambapo vipindi hupakiwa kwenye majukwaa kama iTunes, SoundCloud na YouTube. Kipindi hicho kiliteuliwa kwa tuzo ya Best Radio/Podcast katika tuzo za IDMA mwaka 2019. Mwaka 2017 alitoa EP yenye jina ''Conquer Yosemite''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://www.dancingastronaut.com/2017/01/nora-en-pure-releases-soothing-new-ep-conquer-yosemite/|title=Nora](http://www.dancingastronaut.com/2017/01/nora-en-pure-releases-soothing-new-ep-conquer-yosemite/|title=Nora) En Pure releases soothing new EP, 'Conquer Yosemite' – Dancing Astronaut|last=Sia|first=Matt|date=30 Januari 2017|website=[www.dancingastronaut.com|language=en|access-date=21](http://www.dancingastronaut.com|language=en|access-date=21) Machi 2017|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015857/http://www.dancingastronaut.com/2017/01/nora-en-pure-releases-soothing-new-ep-conquer-yosemite/|archive-date=22](https://web.archive.org/web/20170322015857/http://www.dancingastronaut.com/2017/01/nora-en-pure-releases-soothing-new-ep-conquer-yosemite/|archive-date=22) Machi 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katika orodha ya DJ bora 100 duniani ya DJ Mag, alishika nafasi ya 73 mwaka 2020, nafasi ya 59 mwaka 2021, nafasi ya 57 mwaka 2022 na nafasi ya 53 mwaka 2023. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uswisi]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uswisi]] 2n5h44swjzgpgwo84xjl9jxnild2qxw 0 229297 1613810 1518959 2026-11-05T15:45:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndivhudzannyi Ralivhona''' (amezaliwa 30 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite news|location=Zambia|url=[https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|title=Makhadzi](https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|title=Makhadzi) celebrates 26th Birthday|publisher=Zambianews365|date=2022-06-30|first=Omars|last=Lunga|language=en|access-date=2022-06-30|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220701095356/https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220701095356/https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|url-status=live}})</ref>), anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''Makhadzi''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo na mcheza dansi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alizaliwa na kukulia Ha-Mashamba, [[Limpopo]], na alianza kazi yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 12 kama mcheza dansi kabla ya kuanza rasmi muziki akiwa mwimbaji. Akiwa bado shuleni alisaini mkataba na Rita Dee Entertainment na kutoa albamu ''Muhwalo Uya Ndemela'' mwaka 2015. Alipata umaarufu wa ndani baada ya kutoa wimbo wake "Tshanda Vhuya" mwaka 2017. Albamu yake ya pili ya studio ''Matorokisi'' (2019) ilishika nafasi ya pili nchini Afrika Kusini. Albamu yake ya tatu ya studio ''Kokovha'' (2020) ilikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio yake makubwa na ilishika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati za albamu za iTunes Afrika Kusini. Albamu hiyo ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama "Amadoda", "Mphemphe", "Kokovha" na "Tshikwama".<ref>{{cite web|title=Kokovha – Makhadzi {{!}} Top Charts|url=[https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|work=Top](https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|work=Top) Charts|access-date=4 July 2021|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210604100517/https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210604100517/https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|url-status=live}})</ref> Albamu yake ya nne ''African Queen'' (2021) ilipewa hadhi ya dhahabu nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{cite news| location=South Africa|language=en-ZA|url-access=subscription| access-date =2024-07-23| title=Makhadzi celebrates music milestone {{!}} Channel| first=Nokuthula|last=Zwane|publisher=Channel24|url=[https://www.news24.com/amp/channel/the-juice/news/makhadzi-celebrates-music-milestone-20220610}}](https://www.news24.com/amp/channel/the-juice/news/makhadzi-celebrates-music-milestone-20220610}})</ref> Albamu yake ya tano ''African Queen 2.0'' (2022) ilifikia nafasi ya kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini. == Maisha ya awali == Makhadzi alizaliwa katika kijiji kidogo cha Ha-Mashamba Tshivhangani, karibu na Elim katika mkoa wa [[Limpopo]]. Baada ya wazazi wake kutengana, yeye pamoja na ndugu zake wawili waliishi na mama yao. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari (Kidato cha Sita) katika Mukula Integrated School. Pia alipata stashahada katika Mahusiano ya Umma (Public Relations) na anaendelea kusoma sanaa ya maigizo.<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|title=Songbird](https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|title=Songbird) Makhadzi promises fireworks at Royal Heritage Festival in Venda|website=SowetanLIVE|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191010144225/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20191010144225/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Makhadzi alianza kazi yake ya muziki akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, akitumbuiza katika vituo vya daladala na kupata kipato kupitia michango ya watazamaji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Makhadzi on her hectic past, being exploited and singing at taxi ranks|url=[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|first=Chrizelda|last=Kekana|date=1](https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|first=Chrizelda|last=Kekana|date=1) September 2020|work=Times LIVE|access-date=4 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184133/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184133/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mwaka 2010 alijiunga na kundi la muziki la Makhirikhiri kama mcheza dansi. Baadaye aliacha dansi na kuanza kujikita katika muziki wake mwenyewe, akitoa albamu kadhaa kwa kujitegemea ikiwemo ''Muvhango'' (2009), ''Ndo Tshinya Ni?'' (2011) na ''Litshani u Ntsala Murahu'' (2012). Mwaka 2014 alitoa albamu ''Rita Dee''. Mwaka 2015 alisaini mkataba na Rita Dee Entertainment na kutoa albamu ''Muhwalo Uya Ndemela''. Mwaka uliofuata alitoa albamu ''Yo Shoma'' (2017), ambayo ilishinda tuzo kadhaa za muziki. === 2019–2020: ''Matorokisi'' na ''Kokovha'' === Wimbo wake maarufu "Matorokisi" (2019) ulimletea mafanikio makubwa. Albamu yake ''Matorokisi'' ilitolewa tarehe 1 Novemba 2019 na kushika nafasi ya pili katika chati za muziki nchini. Mwaka 2019 alishirikishwa na Master KG katika wimbo "Tshikwama". Baadaye alisaini mkataba na Open Mic Productions. Mnamo 16 Oktoba 2020 alitoa albamu ''Kokovha'', iliyopata mafanikio makubwa na kushirikisha wasanii kama [[Jah Prayzah]] na [[Sho Madjozi]]. === 2021–2022 === Mwaka 2021 alitoa wimbo "Mjolo" akimshirikisha Mlindo the Vocalist. Pia alitoa wimbo "Ghanama" uliopata hadhi ya platinamu. Albamu yake ''African Queen'' ilitolewa mwaka 2021 na kuwashirikisha wasanii kama Cassper Nyovest na Kabza De Small. Mwaka 2022 alitoa EP ''Pain Ya Jealous'' iliyopata hadhi ya dhahabu, na pia albamu ''African Queen 2.0''. === 2023–sasa === Mwaka 2023 aliondoka Open Mic Productions na kuanzisha lebo yake binafsi ''Makhadzi Entertainment''. Albamu yake ''Mbofholowo'' ilitolewa mwaka 2023 na kupata mafanikio makubwa, ikiwemo kufikia usikilizwaji milioni moja ndani ya siku mbili. Mwaka 2024 alitoa wimbo "Number 1" akimshirikisha Iyanya, uliopata mafanikio makubwa kwenye chati. == Biashara == Mwaka 2021 alizindua chapa ya viatu ya Kokovha kwa kushirikiana na Kicks Sportwear katika Mall of Africa. Pia mwaka 2022 alianzisha bidhaa ya losheni ya mwili iitwayo Mavoda. == Diskografia == Makhadzi discography === Albamu za studio === * ''Shumela Venda'' (2019) * ''Matorokisi'' (2019) * ''Kokovha'' (2020) * ''African Queen'' (2021) * ''African Queen 2.0'' (2022) * ''Mbofholowo'' (2023) * ''Miracle Child'' (2024) * ''Sesi Ka Rose'' (2025) === EP === * ''Pain Ya Jealous'' (2022) * ''Win is a Win'' (2025) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] gwwra9nrotui0b5vs45a50c8mnzna7e 1613811 1613810 2026-11-05T15:46:00Z KiranBOT 78180 iliondoa ufuatiliaji wa AMP kutoka kwa URL ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|maelezo]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|ripoti hitilafu]]) v3.1.1s 1613811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndivhudzannyi Ralivhona''' (amezaliwa 30 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite news|location=Zambia|url=[https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|title=Makhadzi](https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|title=Makhadzi) celebrates 26th Birthday|publisher=Zambianews365|date=2022-06-30|first=Omars|last=Lunga|language=en|access-date=2022-06-30|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220701095356/https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220701095356/https://zambianews365.com/makhadzi-celebrates/?amp|url-status=live}})</ref>), anayejulikana kwa jina la kisanii '''Makhadzi''', ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo na mcheza dansi kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alizaliwa na kukulia Ha-Mashamba, [[Limpopo]], na alianza kazi yake akiwa na umri wa miaka 12 kama mcheza dansi kabla ya kuanza rasmi muziki akiwa mwimbaji. Akiwa bado shuleni alisaini mkataba na Rita Dee Entertainment na kutoa albamu ''Muhwalo Uya Ndemela'' mwaka 2015. Alipata umaarufu wa ndani baada ya kutoa wimbo wake "Tshanda Vhuya" mwaka 2017. Albamu yake ya pili ya studio ''Matorokisi'' (2019) ilishika nafasi ya pili nchini Afrika Kusini. Albamu yake ya tatu ya studio ''Kokovha'' (2020) ilikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio yake makubwa na ilishika nafasi ya kwanza katika chati za albamu za iTunes Afrika Kusini. Albamu hiyo ilijumuisha nyimbo maarufu kama "Amadoda", "Mphemphe", "Kokovha" na "Tshikwama".<ref>{{cite web|title=Kokovha – Makhadzi {{!}} Top Charts|url=[https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|work=Top](https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|work=Top) Charts|access-date=4 July 2021|archive-date=4 June 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210604100517/https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210604100517/https://www.top-charts.com/r/kokovha-makhadzi|url-status=live}})</ref> Albamu yake ya nne ''African Queen'' (2021) ilipewa hadhi ya dhahabu nchini Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{cite news| location=South Africa|language=en-ZA|url-access=subscription| access-date =2024-07-23| title=Makhadzi celebrates music milestone {{!}} Channel| first=Nokuthula|last=Zwane|publisher=Channel24|url=[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/makhadzi-celebrates-music-milestone-20220610}}](https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/makhadzi-celebrates-music-milestone-20220610}})</ref> Albamu yake ya tano ''African Queen 2.0'' (2022) ilifikia nafasi ya kwanza nchini Afrika Kusini. == Maisha ya awali == Makhadzi alizaliwa katika kijiji kidogo cha Ha-Mashamba Tshivhangani, karibu na Elim katika mkoa wa [[Limpopo]]. Baada ya wazazi wake kutengana, yeye pamoja na ndugu zake wawili waliishi na mama yao. Alimaliza elimu ya sekondari (Kidato cha Sita) katika Mukula Integrated School. Pia alipata stashahada katika Mahusiano ya Umma (Public Relations) na anaendelea kusoma sanaa ya maigizo.<ref name="auto">{{Rejea tovuti|url=[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|title=Songbird](https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|title=Songbird) Makhadzi promises fireworks at Royal Heritage Festival in Venda|website=SowetanLIVE|access-date=10 October 2019|archive-date=10 October 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20191010144225/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20191010144225/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2019-08-13-songbird-makhadzi-promises-fireworks-at-royal-heritage-festival-in-venda/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Kazi ya muziki == Makhadzi alianza kazi yake ya muziki akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, akitumbuiza katika vituo vya daladala na kupata kipato kupitia michango ya watazamaji.<ref>{{cite web|title=Makhadzi on her hectic past, being exploited and singing at taxi ranks|url=[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|first=Chrizelda|last=Kekana|date=1](https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|first=Chrizelda|last=Kekana|date=1) September 2020|work=Times LIVE|access-date=4 July 2021|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184133/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184133/https://www.timeslive.co.za/amp/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-09-01-makhadzi-on-her-hectic-past-being-exploited-and-singing-at-taxi-ranks/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mwaka 2010 alijiunga na kundi la muziki la Makhirikhiri kama mcheza dansi. Baadaye aliacha dansi na kuanza kujikita katika muziki wake mwenyewe, akitoa albamu kadhaa kwa kujitegemea ikiwemo ''Muvhango'' (2009), ''Ndo Tshinya Ni?'' (2011) na ''Litshani u Ntsala Murahu'' (2012). Mwaka 2014 alitoa albamu ''Rita Dee''. Mwaka 2015 alisaini mkataba na Rita Dee Entertainment na kutoa albamu ''Muhwalo Uya Ndemela''. Mwaka uliofuata alitoa albamu ''Yo Shoma'' (2017), ambayo ilishinda tuzo kadhaa za muziki. === 2019–2020: ''Matorokisi'' na ''Kokovha'' === Wimbo wake maarufu "Matorokisi" (2019) ulimletea mafanikio makubwa. Albamu yake ''Matorokisi'' ilitolewa tarehe 1 Novemba 2019 na kushika nafasi ya pili katika chati za muziki nchini. Mwaka 2019 alishirikishwa na Master KG katika wimbo "Tshikwama". Baadaye alisaini mkataba na Open Mic Productions. Mnamo 16 Oktoba 2020 alitoa albamu ''Kokovha'', iliyopata mafanikio makubwa na kushirikisha wasanii kama [[Jah Prayzah]] na [[Sho Madjozi]]. === 2021–2022 === Mwaka 2021 alitoa wimbo "Mjolo" akimshirikisha Mlindo the Vocalist. Pia alitoa wimbo "Ghanama" uliopata hadhi ya platinamu. Albamu yake ''African Queen'' ilitolewa mwaka 2021 na kuwashirikisha wasanii kama Cassper Nyovest na Kabza De Small. Mwaka 2022 alitoa EP ''Pain Ya Jealous'' iliyopata hadhi ya dhahabu, na pia albamu ''African Queen 2.0''. === 2023–sasa === Mwaka 2023 aliondoka Open Mic Productions na kuanzisha lebo yake binafsi ''Makhadzi Entertainment''. Albamu yake ''Mbofholowo'' ilitolewa mwaka 2023 na kupata mafanikio makubwa, ikiwemo kufikia usikilizwaji milioni moja ndani ya siku mbili. Mwaka 2024 alitoa wimbo "Number 1" akimshirikisha Iyanya, uliopata mafanikio makubwa kwenye chati. == Biashara == Mwaka 2021 alizindua chapa ya viatu ya Kokovha kwa kushirikiana na Kicks Sportwear katika Mall of Africa. Pia mwaka 2022 alianzisha bidhaa ya losheni ya mwili iitwayo Mavoda. == Diskografia == Makhadzi discography === Albamu za studio === * ''Shumela Venda'' (2019) * ''Matorokisi'' (2019) * ''Kokovha'' (2020) * ''African Queen'' (2021) * ''African Queen 2.0'' (2022) * ''Mbofholowo'' (2023) * ''Miracle Child'' (2024) * ''Sesi Ka Rose'' (2025) === EP === * ''Pain Ya Jealous'' (2022) * ''Win is a Win'' (2025) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1996|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] e8nhbgq56zvnxfadqq4q26dcu0fyhn1 0 229363 1613972 1574770 2026-11-05T19:48:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613972 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heba Aly''' ni mwandishi wa habari na mtendaji wa shirika lisilo la kiserikali mwenye asili ya Kanada na Misri.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sudan expels reporter over Darfur, arms: US |url=[https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL9290326](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL9290326) |access-date=16 October 2021 |work=Reuters |date=9 Februari 2009 |language=en}}</ref> Kwa sasa anahudumu kama mkurugenzi wa muungano wa ''Article 109'', uliokuwa ukijulikana awali kama ''UN Charter Reform Coalition''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=24 Septemba 2025|title=Article 109 Coalition launches at UNGA|url=[https://globalchallenges.org/updates/article-109-coalition-launches-at-unga/|access-date=14](https://globalchallenges.org/updates/article-109-coalition-launches-at-unga/|access-date=14) Machi 2026|website=Global Challenges Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Team|url=[https://article109.org/team/|access-date=14](https://article109.org/team/|access-date=14) Machi 2026|website=Article 109}}</ref> Hapo awali alikuwa mkurugenzi mkuu mtendaji (CEO) wa shirika huru la habari lisilo la kibiashara la ''The New Humanitarian'', ambalo zamani lilikuwa mradi wa Ofisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Kuratibu Masuala ya Kibinadamu (OCHA) chini ya jina la Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN). Aliongoza mabadiliko ya shirika hilo kuwa taasisi huru inayojikita katika uandishi wa habari kuhusu migogoro, hususan barani Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Granger|first=Jacob|date=8 Julai 2021|title=Heba Aly, CEO of The New Humanitarian, on reshaping coverage of the Global South|url=[https://www.journalism.co.uk/podcast/heba-aly-ceo-of-the-new-humanitarian-on-reshaping-coverage-of-the-global-south/s399/a838184/|access-date=6](https://www.journalism.co.uk/podcast/heba-aly-ceo-of-the-new-humanitarian-on-reshaping-coverage-of-the-global-south/s399/a838184/|access-date=6) Oktoba 2021|website=journalism.co.uk}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Herman |first=Marc |date=12 Oktoba 2016 |title=Freed from UN, a 20-year-old news network embraces independence |url=[https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php](https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php) |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211006163854/https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php](https://web.archive.org/web/20211006163854/https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/un_news_independent.php) |archive-date=6 Oktoba 2021 |access-date=6 Oktoba 2021 |website=Columbia Journalism Review |language=en}}</ref> Aly alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa viongozi vijana wa kimataifa (Young Global Leaders) mwaka 2018 na Jukwaa la Uchumi Duniani (World Economic Forum).<ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Heba Aly|url=[https://www.weforum.org/people/heba-aly/|access-date=21](https://www.weforum.org/people/heba-aly/|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=World Economic Forum|language=en}}</ref> Kazi yake ya uongozi wa umma inahusisha utetezi wa uandishi bora wa habari kuhusu maeneo ya migogoro na masuala ya kibinadamu. Amekuwa mhadhiri katika mikutano ya TEDxChamonix<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Aly|first=Heba|date=Juni 2017|title=Stop eating junk news|url=[https://www.ted.com/talks/heba_aly_stop_eating_junk_news|website=TEDxChamonix}}](https://www.ted.com/talks/heba_aly_stop_eating_junk_news|website=TEDxChamonix}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> na pia katika PeaceTalks.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Heba Aly – PeaceTalks |url=[https://www.peacetalks.net/pt/heba-aly/](https://www.peacetalks.net/pt/heba-aly/) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Maisha ya awali == Aly alizaliwa mjini Ottawa, Kanada. Alihitimu kwa heshima za juu katika shahada ya Sayansi (B.S.) katika uandishi wa habari na haki za binadamu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Carleton.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Heba Aly |url=[https://pulitzercenter.org/people/heba-aly](https://pulitzercenter.org/people/heba-aly) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |website=Pulitzer Center |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Kazi == Mwanzoni mwa kazi yake, Aly alifanya uandishi wa habari kutoka maeneo yenye migogoro katika Mashariki ya Kati, Afrika na Asia ya Kati.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Interview of Heba Aly, The New Humanitarian, on Peace & Humanitarian|url=[https://genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/interview-of-heba-aly-the-new-humanitarian-on-peace-humanitarian|access-date=21](https://genevasolutions.news/peace-humanitarian/interview-of-heba-aly-the-new-humanitarian-on-peace-humanitarian|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=genevasolutions.news|date=4 Machi 2020|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Akiwa mwandishi wa habari, aliripoti kutoka Senegal, Afrika Magharibi na Chad, Afrika ya Kati, akishughulikia maendeleo na migogoro katika Niger, biashara haramu ya watoto nchini Nigeria, ghasia na umaskini nchini Senegal na Guinea-Bissau, mafuriko nchini Ghana, pamoja na wakimbizi waliokimbia makazi yao kutoka Chad na Sudan.<ref name=":2" /> Ripoti zake zimechapishwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Kanada (CBC), ''The Christian Science Monitor'', na Bloomberg News.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=1 Oktoba 2015 |title=About Us |url=[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/about-us](https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/content/about-us) |access-date=21 Septemba 2021 |website=The New Humanitarian |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kama mtendaji mkuu, mara nyingi hushiriki kama mchambuzi na mhadhiri kuhusu sera za kibinadamu katika mikutano ya serikali na kongamano mbalimbali.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Heba Aly – ONA Community Profile|url=[https://journalists.org/profiles/heba-aly/|access-date=21](https://journalists.org/profiles/heba-aly/|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=Online News Association|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Tuzo na heshima == Aly alipokea ufadhili kutoka Kituo cha Pulitzer cha Uandishi wa Habari za Migogoro (Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting) kwa kazi yake nchini Sudan kati ya mwaka 2008 hadi 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Ali|first=Wasil|date=11 Februari 2009|title=Canadian journalist recounts days leading to expulsion from Sudan|url=[https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|url-status=dead|access-date=21](https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|url-status=dead|access-date=21) Septemba 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921233034/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|archive-date=21](https://web.archive.org/web/20210921233034/https://pulitzercenter.org/stories/canadian-journalist-recounts-days-leading-expulsion-sudan|archive-date=21) Septemba 2021|website=The Sudan Tribune via the Pulitzer Center|language=en}}</ref> Mwaka 2018 alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa Young Global Leaders na World Economic Forum.<ref name=":3" /> Pia alitajwa kuwa miongoni mwa Waafrika 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa mwaka 2018 na jarida la New African Magazine.<ref name=":3" /> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] 0ypljbgqeo3e8whgksbwbuh58oe35id 0 229540 1613873 1529091 2026-11-05T17:43:00Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 20 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613873 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadia Nakai Kandava''' aliyezaliwa kama '''Dlamini''';<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hip Hop Awards 2022: Who is Nadia Nakai? Meet Burgeoning South African Hip Hop Star |url=[https://www.bet.com/article/df59vk/hip-hop-awards-2022-five-things-to-know-about-nadia-nakai](https://www.bet.com/article/df59vk/hip-hop-awards-2022-five-things-to-know-about-nadia-nakai) |access-date=2023-10-18 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=4 Oktoba 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221004224412/https://www.bet.com/article/df59vk/hip-hop-awards-2022-five-things-to-know-about-nadia-nakai](https://web.archive.org/web/20221004224412/https://www.bet.com/article/df59vk/hip-hop-awards-2022-five-things-to-know-about-nadia-nakai) |url-status=dead }}</ref> alizaliwa 18 Mei 1990) ni rapa na mtangazaji wa televisheni kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/06/23/nadia-rising-rap-queen/|title=Nakai](http://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/06/23/nadia-rising-rap-queen/|title=Nakai): Rising rap queen|website=The Zimbabwe Independent|access-date=3 Oktoba 2018|archive-date=11 Mei 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200511072748/http://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/06/23/nadia-rising-rap-queen/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20200511072748/http://www.theindependent.co.zw/2017/06/23/nadia-rising-rap-queen/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Nakai alizaliwa Afrika Kusini. Baba yake ni raia wa Afrika Kusini na mama yake ni raia wa Zimbabwe.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2287589/8-fun-facts-you-may-not-know-about-nadia-nakai/|title=8](https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2287589/8-fun-facts-you-may-not-know-about-nadia-nakai/|title=8) fun facts you may not know about Nadia Nakai|date=19 Mei 2020|access-date=20 Machi 2022|work=The Citizen|last=Sekhu|first=Michael|archive-date=17 Januari 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220117101026/https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2287589/8-fun-facts-you-may-not-know-about-nadia-nakai/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220117101026/https://www.citizen.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/2287589/8-fun-facts-you-may-not-know-about-nadia-nakai/|url-status=live}})</ref> Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16, alibadilisha jina lake la ukoo kutoka la baba yake kwenda la mama yake.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="name">{{cite web|url=[https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nadia-nakai-joins-casspers-record-label/|title=Nadia](https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nadia-nakai-joins-casspers-record-label/|title=Nadia) Nakai joins Cassper's record label|work=The Chronicle|date=20 Februari 2016|access-date=20 Machi 2022|archive-date=20 Machi 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220320132001/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nadia-nakai-joins-casspers-record-label/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220320132001/https://www.chronicle.co.zw/nadia-nakai-joins-casspers-record-label/|url-status=live}})</ref> Alisoma katika shule ya sekondari ya Fourways High School mjini [[Johannesburg]] kwa mwaka mmoja kisha akamalizia masomo yake nchini Kenya.<ref name="name" /> Baadaye alisomea shahada ya masoko, mawasiliano na masomo ya vyombo vya habari katika Chuo Kikuu cha Monash, Johannesburg. == Kazi == === 2013–2017: Mwanzo wa kazi === Nakai alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye televisheni kupitia kipindi cha hip-hop cha e.tv kiitwacho ''Shiz Niz'' ambapo alishinda shindano la Mixtape 101, na kuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kushinda shindano hilo. Alipata umaarufu mnamo Septemba 2013 baada ya kutoa wimbo wake wa kwanza "Like Me".<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://soundcloud.com/sid-records/nadia-nakai-like-me|title=Nadia](https://soundcloud.com/sid-records/nadia-nakai-like-me|title=Nadia) Nakai "Like Me" by Sid Records|website=SoundCloud|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143806/https://soundcloud.com/sid-records/nadia-nakai-like-me|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143806/https://soundcloud.com/sid-records/nadia-nakai-like-me|url-status=live}})</ref> Mwaka uliofuata alishiriki katika remix ya wimbo wa Riky Rick uitwao ''Amantombazane'' pamoja na wasanii wengine wa Afrika Kusini.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://pltfrm.co.za/track-of-the-day-riky-rick-amantombazane-remix/|title=Track](http://pltfrm.co.za/track-of-the-day-riky-rick-amantombazane-remix/|title=Track) of the Day: Riky Rick – Amantombazane (Remix)|website=Platform|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=3 Machi 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210303191041/http://pltfrm.co.za/track-of-the-day-riky-rick-amantombazane-remix/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210303191041/http://pltfrm.co.za/track-of-the-day-riky-rick-amantombazane-remix/|url-status=dead}})</ref> Mwezi Juni 2015, alitoa wimbo "Saka Wena" akimshirikisha rapa [[Ice Prince]], baada ya kutoa wimbo "Whatever" uliomshirikisha DotCom na Psyfo.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://music.apple.com/za/album/saka-wena-feat-ice-prince-single/971718993|title=Saka](https://music.apple.com/za/album/saka-wena-feat-ice-prince-single/971718993|title=Saka) Wena (feat. Ice Prince) – Single by Nadia Nakai|website=Apple Music|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=17 Oktoba 2023|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075823/https://music.apple.com/za/album/saka-wena-feat-ice-prince-single/971718993|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075823/https://music.apple.com/za/album/saka-wena-feat-ice-prince-single/971718993|url-status=live}})</ref> Mnamo Agosti 2016, alitoa mapema wimbo "The Man" akimshirikisha Cassper Nyovest kutoka kwenye EP yake ''Bragga''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/08/new-release-nadia-nakai-the-man-ft-cassper-nyovest/|title=New](http://www.sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/08/new-release-nadia-nakai-the-man-ft-cassper-nyovest/|title=New) Release: Nadia Nakai – The Man [ft Cassper Nyovest]|website=SA Hip Hop Mag|access-date=3 Oktoba 2018|archive-date=3 Oktoba 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220914/https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/08/new-release-nadia-nakai-the-man-ft-cassper-nyovest/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220914/https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/08/new-release-nadia-nakai-the-man-ft-cassper-nyovest/|url-status=live}})</ref> EP hiyo ilitolewa rasmi tarehe 15 Septemba 2016. Mnamo Novemba 2017, alitoa wimbo uliosifiwa sana "Naaa Meaan" akimshirikisha Cassper Nyovest.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-life/tshisa-life/2017-11-02/-twitter-gives-nadia-nakais-new-track-a-thumbs-up/|title=Twitter](http://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-life/tshisa-life/2017-11-02/-twitter-gives-nadia-nakais-new-track-a-thumbs-up/|title=Twitter) gives Nadia Nakai's new track a thumbs up|website=TimesLive}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Wimbo huo uliongoza chati katika vituo kadhaa vya redio Afrika Kusini. Pia aliendesha kipindi maalum cha zulia jekundu kwa MTV Africa katika tuzo za MTV Europe Music Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2018-11-07-nadia-nakai-served-mzansi-sauce-at-the-mtv-emas/|title=Nadia](https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2018-11-07-nadia-nakai-served-mzansi-sauce-at-the-mtv-emas/|title=Nadia) Nakai served Mzansi sauce at the MTV EMAs|website=SowetanLIVE|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143814/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2018-11-07-nadia-nakai-served-mzansi-sauce-at-the-mtv-emas/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143814/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/pic-of-the-day/2018-11-07-nadia-nakai-served-mzansi-sauce-at-the-mtv-emas/|url-status=live}})</ref> === 2017–2020: ''Nadia Naked'' na Def Jam Africa === Mnamo 2019, Nakai alishiriki kuendesha kipindi cha hip-hop cha MTV Base kiitwacho ''Yo! MTV Raps South Africa'' pamoja na mtangazaji Siyabonga Ngwekazi.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.bona.co.za/nadia-nakai-and-siyabonga-ngwekazi-to-host-yo-mtv-raps-africa/|title=Nadia](https://www.bona.co.za/nadia-nakai-and-siyabonga-ngwekazi-to-host-yo-mtv-raps-africa/|title=Nadia) Nakai and Siyabonga Ngwekazi to host Yo! MTV Raps Africa|website=BONA|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=20 Aprili 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190420202012/https://www.bona.co.za/nadia-nakai-and-siyabonga-ngwekazi-to-host-yo-mtv-raps-africa/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190420202012/https://www.bona.co.za/nadia-nakai-and-siyabonga-ngwekazi-to-host-yo-mtv-raps-africa/|url-status=dead}})</ref> Tarehe 28 Juni 2019 alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Nadia Naked''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.thesouthafrican.com/nadia-nakai-new-album-nadia-naked-release-date/|title=Nadia](https://www.thesouthafrican.com/nadia-nakai-new-album-nadia-naked-release-date/|title=Nadia) Nakai new album: 'Nadia Naked' gets a release date|website=The South African|access-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-date=3 Mei 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143814/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/nadia-nakai-new-album-nadia-naked-release-date/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190503143814/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/nadia-nakai-new-album-nadia-naked-release-date/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mnamo 18 Mei 2019, alitoa wimbo "Imma Boss" kama singo ya tatu ya albamu hiyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.okayafrica.com/nadia-nakai-imma-boss-single/|title=Nadia](https://www.okayafrica.com/nadia-nakai-imma-boss-single/|title=Nadia) Nakai Drops Quotable After Another In Her New Single 'Imma Boss'|website=OkayAfrica|access-date=18 Mei 2019|archive-date=18 Mei 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190518104643/https://www.okayafrica.com/nadia-nakai-imma-boss-single/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190518104643/https://www.okayafrica.com/nadia-nakai-imma-boss-single/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mnamo 15 Oktoba 2020, alitoa filamu ya kumbukumbu (documentary) kwenye Showmax kuhusu utengenezaji wa albamu hiyo.<ref name="Seemela">{{cite web |last1=Seemela |first1=Masego |title=Nadia Nakai's doccie to premiere exclusively on Showmax next week |url=[https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-10-09-nadia-nakais-doccie-to-premiere-exclusively-on-showmax-next-week/](https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-10-09-nadia-nakais-doccie-to-premiere-exclusively-on-showmax-next-week/) |website=TimesLIVE |access-date=26 Novemba 2020 |language=en-ZA |archive-date=17 Oktoba 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075852/https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-10-09-nadia-nakais-doccie-to-premiere-exclusively-on-showmax-next-week/](https://web.archive.org/web/20231017075852/https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-10-09-nadia-nakais-doccie-to-premiere-exclusively-on-showmax-next-week/) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2020, alisaini mkataba wa kurekodi na Def Jam Africa.<ref>{{cite web |author=Staff Reporter |title=Cassper Nyovest, Nadia Nakai and Tshego join Def Jam Africa |url=[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/cassper-nyovest-nadia-nakai-and-tshego-join-def-jam-africa-48531145](https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/cassper-nyovest-nadia-nakai-and-tshego-join-def-jam-africa-48531145) |website=[www.iol.co.za](http://www.iol.co.za) |access-date=10 Mei 2022 |language=en |archive-date=10 Mei 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220510090020/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/cassper-nyovest-nadia-nakai-and-tshego-join-def-jam-africa-48531145](https://web.archive.org/web/20220510090020/https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/cassper-nyovest-nadia-nakai-and-tshego-join-def-jam-africa-48531145) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika tuzo za AFRIMA mwaka 2019, alishinda tuzo ya Msanii Bora wa Kike.<ref>{{cite web|title=Burna Boy, Nasty C, Stonebwoy, Nadia Nakai & More Win 2019 AFRIMA Awards – OkayAfrica|url=[https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-nasty-c-stonebwoy-nadia-nakai-more-win-2019-afrima-awards/113916|first=Damola|last=Durosomo|date=24](https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-nasty-c-stonebwoy-nadia-nakai-more-win-2019-afrima-awards/113916|first=Damola|last=Durosomo|date=24) Novemba 2019|work=OkayAfrica|access-date=23 Septemba 2021|archive-date=23 Septemba 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210923184011/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/full-list-of-afrima-awards-2019-winners-2641445187|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210923184011/https://www.okayafrica.com/amp/full-list-of-afrima-awards-2019-winners-2641445187|url-status=live}})</ref> Pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya msanii mwenye mtindo bora wa uvaaji katika SA Style Awards 2020.<ref name="Mabhena">{{cite web |last1=Mabhena |first1=Naledi |title=SA Style Awards 2020: Best and Worst Dressed Plus the Winners |url=[https://savannanews.com/sa-style-awards-2020-best-and-worst-dressed-plus-the-winners/](https://savannanews.com/sa-style-awards-2020-best-and-worst-dressed-plus-the-winners/) |website=Savanna News |access-date=26 Novemba 2020 |date=23 Novemba 2020 |archive-date=23 Januari 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210123113443/https://savannanews.com/sa-style-awards-2020-best-and-worst-dressed-plus-the-winners/](https://web.archive.org/web/20210123113443/https://savannanews.com/sa-style-awards-2020-best-and-worst-dressed-plus-the-winners/) |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2021–sasa: Vipindi vya televisheni === Mnamo 2021, Nakai aliendesha msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha televisheni cha [[Channel O]] kiitwacho ''Gen-Z South Africa''.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.ubetoo.com/news/nadia-nakai-bags-second-tv-show-in-the-same-month/|title=Nadia](https://www.ubetoo.com/news/nadia-nakai-bags-second-tv-show-in-the-same-month/|title=Nadia) Nakai Bags Second TV Show In The Same Month|first=John|last=Jabulani|work=Ubetoo|date=17 Machi 2021|access-date=10 Oktoba 2021|archive-date=10 Oktoba 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211010171030/https://www.ubetoo.com/news/nadia-nakai-bags-second-tv-show-in-the-same-month/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20211010171030/https://www.ubetoo.com/news/nadia-nakai-bags-second-tv-show-in-the-same-month/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mwezi Juni 2021, aliondoka katika Family Tree Records ili kuanzisha lebo yake mwenyewe.<ref>{{cite web|title='I am working on my own record label': Nadia Nakai on parting ways with Family Tree|url=[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2021-07-16-i-am-working-on-my-own-record-label-nadia-nakai-on-parting-ways-with-family-tree/|last=Seemela|first=Masego|work=SowetanLIVE|date=16](https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2021-07-16-i-am-working-on-my-own-record-label-nadia-nakai-on-parting-ways-with-family-tree/|last=Seemela|first=Masego|work=SowetanLIVE|date=16) Julai 2021|access-date=24 Machi 2022|archive-date=24 Machi 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220324093234/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2021-07-16-i-am-working-on-my-own-record-label-nadia-nakai-on-parting-ways-with-family-tree/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220324093234/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2021-07-16-i-am-working-on-my-own-record-label-nadia-nakai-on-parting-ways-with-family-tree/|url-status=live}})</ref> Katika tuzo za South African Hip Hop Awards 2021, alipata uteuzi wa Msanii wa Muongo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full list of 2021 SA Hip Hop Awards nominees|url=[https://fakazanews.com/2021/11/02/full-list-of-2021-sa-hip-hop-awards-nominees/|last=Bukola|publisher=Fakaza](https://fakazanews.com/2021/11/02/full-list-of-2021-sa-hip-hop-awards-nominees/|last=Bukola|publisher=Fakaza) News|access-date=2 Novemba 2021|archive-date=11 Aprili 2023|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230411074742/https://fakazanews.com/2021/11/02/full-list-of-2021-sa-hip-hop-awards-nominees/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20230411074742/https://fakazanews.com/2021/11/02/full-list-of-2021-sa-hip-hop-awards-nominees/|url-status=live}})</ref> Mnamo 2022, alionekana kwenye kipindi halisi cha televisheni cha [[Netflix]] kiitwacho ''Young, Famous & African'' kama sehemu ya kundi la watu mashuhuri wa vyombo vya habari barani Afrika.<ref>{{cite web|url=[https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/young-famous-african-nadia-nakai-khanyi-mbau-netflix/|title='Young](https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/young-famous-african-nadia-nakai-khanyi-mbau-netflix/|title='Young), Famous & African': Exclusive Q&A with Nadia Nakai|last=Naidoo|first=Alicia|work=The South African|date=17 Machi 2022|access-date=20 Machi 2022|archive-date=18 Machi 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220318121104/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/young-famous-african-nadia-nakai-khanyi-mbau-netflix/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220318121104/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/celeb-news/young-famous-african-nadia-nakai-khanyi-mbau-netflix/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Athari (Influences) == Nakai alivutiwa na rapa mwanamke kutoka Kenya, Nazizi, ambaye alikutana naye alipokuwa akiishi Kenya. Amesema kuwa Nazizi alimhamasisha kuanza kazi ya urap.<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.youthvillage.co.zw/2015/07/interview-with-african-rap-queen-nadia-nakai/|title=Interview](http://www.youthvillage.co.zw/2015/07/interview-with-african-rap-queen-nadia-nakai/|title=Interview) With African Rap Queen Nadia Nakai|website=Youth Village Zimbabwe|access-date=3 Oktoba 2018|archive-date=3 Oktoba 2018|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221013/http://youthvillage.co.zw/2015/07/interview-with-african-rap-queen-nadia-nakai/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20181003221013/http://youthvillage.co.zw/2015/07/interview-with-african-rap-queen-nadia-nakai/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Alikuwa kwenye uhusiano na rapa wa Afrika Kusini marehemu AKA.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Maako |first=Keitumetse |title=Nadia Nakai on her relationship with AKA |url=[https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/nadia-nakai-on-her-relationship-with-aka-god-placed-us-together-when-we-really-needed-each-other-20221209](https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/nadia-nakai-on-her-relationship-with-aka-god-placed-us-together-when-we-really-needed-each-other-20221209) |access-date=2023-04-09 |magazine=Life |archive-date=9 Aprili 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230409161128/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/nadia-nakai-on-her-relationship-with-aka-god-placed-us-together-when-we-really-needed-each-other-20221209](https://web.archive.org/web/20230409161128/https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/celebrities/nadia-nakai-on-her-relationship-with-aka-god-placed-us-together-when-we-really-needed-each-other-20221209) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Tuzo na uteuzi == Orodha ya tuzo na uteuzi za Nadia Nakai == Diskografia == === Albamu za studio === * ''Nadia Naked'' (2019) === Extended Play (EP) === * ''Bragga'' (2016) == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] 7vvfyqjbjxweqyumfff1ghqodq4apb0 0 229560 1614064 1530158 2026-11-05T21:31:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614064 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Heng Mok Zung''' (alizaliwa [[1978]]), anajulikana zaidi kama Zung, ni mpiga picha kutoka nchini [[Malaysia]].<ref name = TatlerAsia>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://my.asiatatler.com/society/zung-the-photoz-ninja-photographer-on-candid-shots-selfie-tips|title=Zung of The Photoz: the 'ninja photographer' on candid shots and selfie tips|last=|first=|date=|website=Malaysia Tatler|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203100304/https://my.asiatatler.com/society/zung-the-photoz-ninja-photographer-on-candid-shots-selfie-tips|archive-date=Dec 3, 2019|access-date=}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[jamii:waliozaliwa 1978]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] [[jamii:wasanii wa Malaysia]] kh0dont7tmtfx8ruh3plofteylq768e 0 229614 1613946 1524546 2026-11-05T19:03:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodney Ray Lewis''' Pia alijulikana kama '''Rod Lewis''' (Alizaliwa [[1954]]) ni mwanzilishi, [[rais]], na afisa mkuu mtendaji wa ''Lewis Energy'', kampuni ya uchimbaji mafuta na gesi asilia iliyoko [[Texas]], [[Marekani]].<ref name="lewis">{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.lewisenergy.com/lewis-energy-executive.html |title=Lewis Energy board biography |access-date=2011-11-26 |archive-date=2013-01-28 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130128003837/http://www.lewisenergy.com/lewis-energy-executive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1954]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0ns2vutolrz5n8oymrq5v8xszu3bih0 0 229685 1613887 1579746 2026-11-05T17:55:45Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613887 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Oyeyemisi Payne''' (alizaliwa [[18 Januari]] [[2001]]) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa kulipwa ambaye anacheza kama [[Beki|mlinzi]] wa Ligi ya Soka ya Wanawake ya Orlando Pride (NWSL). Alizaliwa Marekani, anaiwakilisha Nigeria katika ngazi ya kimataifa. == Maisha ya awali == Payne alizaliwa na kukulia [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], [[Alabama]], ambapo alihudhuria Shule ya Upili ya Oak Mountain == Kazi == Payne alisoma Chuo Kikuu cha West Virginia huko Morgantown, [[West Virginia]] kwa miaka mitatu, akihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California kwa mwaka wake wa nne na wa mwisho. Payne alisaini mkataba na Paris Saint-Germain ya Ligi Daraja la 1 ya Ufaransa mnamo Julai 2023. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=20 July 2023|title=Nicole Payne joins Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-signs-for-paris-saint-germain-until-2026|accessdate=18 February 2024|work=Paris Saint-Germain|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720171046/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-signs-for-paris-saint-germain-until-2026|archivedate=2023-07-20|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza (kati ya nne hadi sasa <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=18 February 2024|title=Nicole Payne loaned out to Portland Thorns FC|url=https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-loaned-out-by-paris-saint-germain-to-portland-thorns-fc-2023-2024|accessdate=18 February 2024|work=Paris Saint-Germain|archive-date=2025-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118132821/https://en.psg.fr/teams/womens-team/content/nicole-payne-loaned-out-by-paris-saint-germain-to-portland-thorns-fc-2023-2024|url-status=dead}}</ref> ) kwa PSG ilikuja kama mchezaji mbadala katika ushindi wa 5-2 dhidi ya Dijon FCO mnamo Novemba 12, 2023, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=14 November 2023|title=Nicole Payne Excited To Make Division One Féminine Debut With PSG|url=https://superfalconsshow.com/nicole-payne-excited-to-make-division-one-feminine-debut-with-psg/|accessdate=18 February 2024|work=Super Falcons Show|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> huku akianza kwa mara ya kwanza mnamo Januari 20, 2024 katika ushindi wa 8-1 dhidi ya FC Girondins de Bordeaux . <ref name="Portland">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Portland Thorns FC|date=18 February 2024|title=Thorns FC acquire defender Nicole Payne on loan from Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://www.thorns.com/news/thorns-fc-acquire-defender-nicole-payne-on-loan-from-paris-saint-germain|accessdate=18 February 2024|work=Portland Thorns FC|language=}}</ref> Mnamo Februari 2024, alikopwa kwa Portland Thorns ya Ligi ya Soka ya Wanawake ya Taifa kwa msimu wa 2024. <ref name="Portland2">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Portland Thorns FC|date=18 February 2024|title=Thorns FC acquire defender Nicole Payne on loan from Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://www.thorns.com/news/thorns-fc-acquire-defender-nicole-payne-on-loan-from-paris-saint-germain|accessdate=18 February 2024|work=Portland Thorns FC|language=}}</ref> Miezi mitano baada ya mkopo wake, Payne alinunuliwa moja kwa moja na Thorns. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Buchanan|first=Ryne|date=2024-07-02|title=Thorns permanently acquire defender Nicole Payne from Paris Saint-Germain|url=https://www.kptv.com/2024/07/02/thorns-permanently-acquire-defender-nicole-payne-paris-saint-germain/|accessdate=2025-12-03|work=KPTV|language=en}}</ref> Mnamo Januari 16, 2026, Orlando Pride ilitangaza kwamba walikuwa wamemsaini Payne kwa mkataba wa mwaka mmoja. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Orlando Pride signs Seven Castain, Cara Martin and Nicole Payne to one-year contracts|url=https://www.orlandocitysc.com/pride/news/orlando-pride-signs-seven-castain-cara-martin-and-nicole-payne-to-one-year-contracts|publisher=[[Orlando Pride]]|accessdate=17 January 2026|date=16 January 2026}}</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Payne aliitwa kwenye timu ya taifa ya Marekani ya vijana chini ya umri wa miaka 17 mwaka wa 2017. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018184251/http://www.ussoccer.com/stories/2017/08/15/22/17/20170815-news-u17wnt-to-face-england-u17-wnt-twice-in-portland-oregon|archivedate=18 October 2017|title=U-17 WNT to Face England Twice in Portland, Oregon - U.S. Soccer}}</ref> Payne alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya kikosi cha wakubwa kwa Nigeria mnamo tarehe 10 Juni 2021 kama mchezaji mbadala dakika ya 90 katika mchezo wa kirafiki dhidi ya Jamaica ambao walipoteza 0-1. <ref name="GSA-Debut">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2021-06-10/jamaica-vs-nigeria/2375811/|title=Match Report of Jamaica vs Nigeria – 2021-06-10 – FIFA Friendlies – Women|work=Global Sports Archive|accessdate=19 June 2021}}</ref> Payne aliitwa kwenye kikosi cha Nigeria kwa ajili ya Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la Wanawake la 2022. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.thenff.com/2022/06/morocco-2022-waldrum-picks-ebi-oshoala-plumptre-22-others-for-women-afcon/|title=Morocco 2022: Waldrum picks Ebi, Oshoala, Plumptre, 22 others for Women AFCON|publisher=[[Nigeria Football Federation]]|date=25 June 2022|accessdate=26 March 2025|archivedate=19 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719084845/https://www.thenff.com/2022/06/morocco-2022-waldrum-picks-ebi-oshoala-plumptre-22-others-for-women-afcon/}}</ref> Payne aliitwa kwenye kikosi cha Nigeria kwa ajili ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2024. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://thenff.com/paris-2024-olympics-waldrum-picks-ajibade-nnadozie-oshoala-15-others/|title=Paris 2024 Olympics: Waldrum picks Ajibade, Nnadozie, Oshoala, 15 others|publisher=[[Nigeria Football Federation]]|work=thenff.com|date=3 July 2024}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Alizaliwa [[Birmingham, Alabama]], kwa wazazi wa Nigeria, Payne ni dada mdogo wa wachezaji wenzake wa mpira wa miguu Toni Payne na Stephen Payne . Yeye na dada yake Toni wamecheza pamoja katika timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Nigeria . <ref name="GSA-Debut2">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2021-06-10/jamaica-vs-nigeria/2375811/|title=Match Report of Jamaica vs Nigeria – 2021-06-10 – FIFA Friendlies – Women|work=Global Sports Archive|accessdate=19 June 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Nigeria]] 9s7l4jmv3d0f7y1ah2aa0vbehnxpcod 0 230134 1613903 1508993 2026-11-05T18:20:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613903 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Owuraku Ampofo presenting at Joy News Ghana.jpg|thumb|Owuraku Ampofo akiwasilisha katika Joy News Ghana]] '''Owuraku Ampofo''' ni mwandishi wa habari za michezo na mwandishi kutoka Ghana anayejulikana kwa matumizi ya takwimu katika uandishi wa habari.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dwamena |first1=Stephen |title=Meet Owuraku Ampofo; the Sports Journalist using data to improve Ghana football |url=[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-Owuraku-Ampofo-the-Sports-Journalist-using-data-to-improve-Ghana-football-1185268](https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-Owuraku-Ampofo-the-Sports-Journalist-using-data-to-improve-Ghana-football-1185268) |website=Ghana Web |date=21 February 2021 |access-date=8 November 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110115/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-Owuraku-Ampofo-the-Sports-Journalist-using-data-to-improve-Ghana-football-1185268](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110115/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Meet-Owuraku-Ampofo-the-Sports-Journalist-using-data-to-improve-Ghana-football-1185268) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ogbarmey-Tettey |first1=Andy |title=Love for The Blues: How three 'Odadie'Chelsea fans became composers, moonwalk dancers and a gentle hulk after Champions League victory |url=[https://www.myjoyonline.com/love-for-the-blues-how-three-odadiechelsea-fans-became-composers-moonwalk-dancers-and-a-gentle-hulk-after-champions-league-victory/?param=](https://www.myjoyonline.com/love-for-the-blues-how-three-odadiechelsea-fans-became-composers-moonwalk-dancers-and-a-gentle-hulk-after-champions-league-victory/?param=) |website=Joy News Online |date=30 May 2021 |access-date=8 November 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110122/https://www.myjoyonline.com/love-for-the-blues-how-three-odadiechelsea-fans-became-composers-moonwalk-dancers-and-a-gentle-hulk-after-champions-league-victory/?param=](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110122/https://www.myjoyonline.com/love-for-the-blues-how-three-odadiechelsea-fans-became-composers-moonwalk-dancers-and-a-gentle-hulk-after-champions-league-victory/?param=) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=JoySports' Owuraku Ampofo completes #PushUpsChallenge on live TV |url=[https://www.myjoyonline.com/joysports-owuraku-ampofo-completes-pushupschallenge-on-live-tv](https://www.myjoyonline.com/joysports-owuraku-ampofo-completes-pushupschallenge-on-live-tv) |website=Joy News Online |date=18 September 2020 |access-date=8 November 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110114/https://www.myjoyonline.com/joysports-owuraku-ampofo-completes-pushupschallenge-on-live-tv/?param=](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110114/https://www.myjoyonline.com/joysports-owuraku-ampofo-completes-pushupschallenge-on-live-tv/?param=) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Euros On MGL: Owuraku Ampofo and Michael Potter look ahead to the knockout round |url=[https://www.myjoyonline.com/euros-on-mgl-owuraku-ampofo-and-michael-potter-look-ahead-to-the-knockout-round](https://www.myjoyonline.com/euros-on-mgl-owuraku-ampofo-and-michael-potter-look-ahead-to-the-knockout-round) |website=Joy News Online |date=25 June 2021 |access-date=8 November 2021 |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110116/https://www.myjoyonline.com/euros-on-mgl-owuraku-ampofo-and-michael-potter-look-ahead-to-the-knockout-round/?param=](https://web.archive.org/web/20211116110116/https://www.myjoyonline.com/euros-on-mgl-owuraku-ampofo-and-michael-potter-look-ahead-to-the-knockout-round/?param=) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Aliwahi kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha ''Prime Sport'' kwenye Joy News na kwa sasa ni mtangazaji wa michezo katika TV3 Ghana, pamoja na kuwa kaimu mkuu wa idara ya michezo katika 3Sports. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ghana]] 9odtqvk4q4ma7v6f179i0jlnyksprax 0 230222 1613997 1529938 2026-11-05T20:16:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613997 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taha Hussein''' (15 Novemba 1889 – 28 Oktoba 1973) alikuwa miongoni mwa waandishi na wasomi wenye ushawishi mkubwa wa [[Misri]] katika karne ya 20, na alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wakuu wa Uamsho wa Kiarabu pamoja na harakati ya usasa katika ulimwengu wa Kiarabu.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Ahmed|first=Hussam R.|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|title=The](https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|title=The) Last Nahdawi: Taha Hussein and Institution Building in Egypt|date=2021-06-15|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-1-5036-2796-3|language=en|access-date=December 18, 2021|archive-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=TxovEAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}})</ref> Lakabu yake ilikuwa "Mkuu wa Fasihi ya Kiarabu" ʿAmīd al-Adab al-ʿArabī|links=no}}).<ref name=Ghanayim1994>{{cite journal | author = Ghanayim, M. | year = 1994 | title = Mahmud Amin al-Alim: Between Politics and Literary Criticism | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_poetics-today_summer-1994_15_2/page/320 | journal = Poetics Today | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 321–338 | doi = 10.2307/1773168 | publisher = Poetics Today, Vol. 15, No. 2 | jstor=1773168}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|title=طه](https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|title=طه) حسين عميد الأدب العربي: حياته، آثاره الأدبية و آراؤه|date=1997|language=ar|access-date=February 27, 2021|archive-date=April 23, 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072245/https://books.google.com/books?id=xYq2xgEACAAJ&q=%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8%2B%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A|url-status=live}})</ref> Aliteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fasihi mara ishirini na moja.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2020-04-01 |title=Nomination Archive: Taha Hussein |url=[https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387](https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387) |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=NobelPrize.org |language=en-US |archive-date=August 14, 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220814015801/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387](https://web.archive.org/web/20220814015801/https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=4387) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1889|1973}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Misri]] oo7cs966vnqq7r1ht91rrzzgeul1upg 0 230227 1613975 1509242 2026-11-05T19:53:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheena S. Iyengar''' ni Profesa wa S.T. Lee wa Biashara katika Idara ya Usimamizi katika Columbia Business School,<ref name="MtHolyoke">{{cite web |title = Mount Holyoke Biography -- Sheena S. Iyengar |website = Mount Holyoke |publisher = Mount Holyoke College |url = [https://www.mtholyoke.edu/wcl/events/sheena_iyengar_bio](https://www.mtholyoke.edu/wcl/events/sheena_iyengar_bio) |access-date = 10 May 2018 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20180510195146/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/wcl/events/sheena_iyengar_bio](https://web.archive.org/web/20180510195146/https://www.mtholyoke.edu/wcl/events/sheena_iyengar_bio) |archive-date = 10 May 2018 |date =2012-04-18 }}</ref><ref name="ColumbiaDir">{{cite web |title = Sheena S. Iyengar -- Columbia Business School Directory |website = Columbia Business School |publisher = Columbia University |url = [https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/detail/ss957](https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/detail/ss957) |access-date = 24 December 2017 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20171224021137/https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/detail/ss957](https://web.archive.org/web/20171224021137/https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/detail/ss957) |archive-date = 24 December 2017 |date =2014-09-15 }}</ref> na anajulikana sana kama mtaalamu wa masuala ya uchaguzi (maamuzi ya kuchagua).<ref name="GradMgmtNews201105">{{cite web |title = Five Questions on Choosing for ... Sheena Iyengar |website = Graduate Management News |publisher = Graduate Management Admission Council |url = [https://www.gmac.com/why-gmac/gmac-news/gmnews/2011/may/five-questions-on-choosing-for-sheena-iyengar.aspx](https://www.gmac.com/why-gmac/gmac-news/gmnews/2011/may/five-questions-on-choosing-for-sheena-iyengar.aspx) |access-date = 3 September 2016 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160903205625/https://www.gmac.com/why-gmac/gmac-news/gmnews/2011/may/five-questions-on-choosing-for-sheena-iyengar.aspx](https://web.archive.org/web/20160903205625/https://www.gmac.com/why-gmac/gmac-news/gmnews/2011/may/five-questions-on-choosing-for-sheena-iyengar.aspx) |archive-date = 3 September 2016 |date = May 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Thinkers50">{{cite web |title = Sheena Iyengar 2011 Ranked Thinker #48 |website = Thinkers50 |publisher = Thinkers50 Limited |url = [http://thinkers50.com/biographies/sheena-iyengar/](http://thinkers50.com/biographies/sheena-iyengar/) |access-date = 24 June 2017 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624020146/http://thinkers50.com/biographies/sheena-iyengar/](https://web.archive.org/web/20170624020146/http://thinkers50.com/biographies/sheena-iyengar/) |archive-date = 24 June 2017 |date = 2011 }}</ref><ref name="NJ20180326">{{cite web |title = Take 5: Sheena Iyengar, author and expert on choice |last = Fensom |first = Michael |website = Inside Jersey Magazine |publisher = New Jersey On-Line LLC |url = [http://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/index.ssf/2018/03/take_5_sheena_iyengar_author_and_expert_on_choice.html](http://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/index.ssf/2018/03/take_5_sheena_iyengar_author_and_expert_on_choice.html) |access-date = 10 May 2018 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20180510191447/http://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/index.ssf/2018/03/take_5_sheena_iyengar_author_and_expert_on_choice.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20180510191447/http://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/index.ssf/2018/03/take_5_sheena_iyengar_author_and_expert_on_choice.html) |archive-date = 10 May 2018 |date = 26 March 2018 }}</ref> Utafiti wake unahusu nyanja mbalimbali za kufanya maamuzi, ikiwa ni pamoja na: kwa nini watu wanataka kuwa na chaguo, ni mambo gani yanaathiri jinsi na nini tunachochagua, na jinsi tunavyoweza kuboresha uwezo wetu wa kufanya maamuzi.<ref name="ColumbiaDir" /><ref name="PoetsQuants20121022">{{cite web |title = Take 5: Sheena Iyengar, author and expert on choice |last = Carter |first = Andrea |website = Poets & Quants |publisher = Poets & Quants, Inc. |url = [http://poetsandquants.com:80/2012/10/22/worlds-best-b-school-professors-sheena-iyengar/](http://poetsandquants.com:80/2012/10/22/worlds-best-b-school-professors-sheena-iyengar/) |access-date = 10 May 2018 |archive-url = [https://archive.today/20180510202247/https://poetsandquants.com/2012/10/22/worlds-best-b-school-professors-sheena-iyengar/](https://archive.today/20180510202247/https://poetsandquants.com/2012/10/22/worlds-best-b-school-professors-sheena-iyengar/) |archive-date = 10 May 2018 |date = 22 October 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref> Amewasilisha hotuba katika mikutano ya TED kuhusu uchaguzi,<ref name="TEDbio">{{cite web |title = Sheena Iyengar, Psycho-economist |website = TED |url = [https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheena_iyengar](https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheena_iyengar) |access-date = 7 March 2018 |archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20180307104123/https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheena_iyengar](https://web.archive.org/web/20180307104123/https://www.ted.com/speakers/sheena_iyengar) |archive-date = 7 March 2018 |date = 22 October 2012 }}</ref> na ni mwandishi wa kitabu ''The Art of Choosing'' (2010).<ref name="TheArtOfChoosing2010">{{cite book |last = Iyengar |first = Sheena |date = March 2011 |orig-year = First published 2010 |title = The Art of Choosing |location = New York, NY, USA |publisher = Twelve |isbn = 978-0-446-50411-9 |url-access = registration |url = [https://archive.org/details/artofchoosing00shee](https://archive.org/details/artofchoosing00shee) }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] g06dn1bg8uic1crj7fjs59oilt3pqg5 0 230677 1613921 1523674 2026-11-05T18:37:27Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613921 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierre Morad Omidyar''' (Alizaliwa [[Juni 21]], [[1967]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea, mhandisi wa programu, na mfadhili nchini [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Ufaransa]] na [[Irani]].<ref name="usembassy">{{cite web|url=https://ir.usembassy.gov/pierre-omidyar/|title=Pierre Omidyar|website=US Virtual Embassy Iran|date=January 1, 2015|access-date=May 15, 2020|archive-date=February 9, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209032834/https://ir.usembassy.gov/pierre-omidyar/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Yeye ni mwanzilishi wa ''eBay'', ambapo alihudumu kama mwenyekiti kuanzia mwaka [[1998]] hadi [[2015]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Pierre Omidyar |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/pierre-omidyar/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=Forbes |language=en |archive-date=October 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008205700/https://www.forbes.com/profile/pierre-omidyar/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] j010w075h7qa8ri7rt4nut4zx2c9b6c 0 230772 1613908 1510569 2026-11-05T18:28:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613908 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia L. Acampora''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Desemba]] [[1945]]) aliteuliwa kuwa kamishna wa Tume ya Huduma za Umma ya [[Jiji la New York|New York]] (PSC) tarehe 16 Juni 2005 na Gavana George Pataki, kwa muhula uliotarajiwa kuisha tarehe 1 Februari 2009. Mnamo Desemba 2006, Pataki alimteua Acampora kuwa mwenyekiti wa PSC, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi Januari 2008, ambapo Gavana Eliot Spitzer alimteua Garry A. Brown kuwa mwenyekiti mpya.<ref name="PSC-Bio">{{cite web|title=Patricia L. Acampora biography|url=http://www.dps.ny.gov/acampora.htm|publisher=New York State Public Service Commission|access-date=July 24, 2012|archive-date=February 28, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228004715/http://www.dps.ny.gov/acampora.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}}{{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] tj9lwhirtwc868a3omkxwp1c90tfqyv 0 230894 1614021 1513832 2026-11-05T20:39:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614021 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Randolph Severn''' "'''Trey'''" '''Parker III''' (Alizaliwa [[Oktoba 19]], [[1969]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mhuishaji, [[mwandishi]], mtayarishaji, mkurugenzi, na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] bilionea nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trey Parker |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/trey-parker/ |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-04-28}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa kipindi cha uhuishaji cha televisheni ''South Park'' (tangu [[1997]]) na mwanzilishi mwenza wa tamthilia ya jukwaani ''The Book of Mormon'' ([[2011]]) pamoja na mwenzake [[Matt Stone]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trey Parker: Biography |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/trey-parker/bio/177632/ |website=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=February 27, 2019 |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004628/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/trey-parker/bio/177632/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Trey Parker |url=https://www.biography.com/people/trey-parker-20989887 |publisher=[[Biography.com]] |access-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-date=March 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331073955/https://www.biography.com/people/trey-parker-20989887 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watayarishaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] o3315wm7g2nvpsbs5umrpe717dnuheu 0 231356 1613849 1530239 2026-11-05T16:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613849 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Miguel Barbosa (cropped).jpg|thumb|Miguel Barbosa]] '''Luis Miguel Gerónimo Barbosa Huerta''' ([[30 Septemba]] [[1959]] – [[13 Desemba]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Mexico]]. Alihudumu kama Gavana wa Puebla kuanzia mwaka [[2019]] hadi alipofariki mwaka 2022.<ref name="MORENA">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.lajornadadeoriente.com.mx/2017/04/24/anuncia-miguel-barbosa-afiliacion-morena/|title=Anuncia Miguel Barbosa su afiliación a Morena – Puebla|date=24 April 2017|work=La Jornada de Oriente|access-date=22 July 2020|archive-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428184415/http://www.lajornadadeoriente.com.mx/2017/04/24/anuncia-miguel-barbosa-afiliacion-morena/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kabla ya hapo, aliwahi kuwa seneta katika mabunge ya LXII na LXIII ya Mexico, na pia alihudumu kama naibu wa shirikisho kati ya mwaka [[2000]] na [[2003]]. Luis Miguel Gerónimo Barbosa Huerta pia aliwahi kuwa mgombea wa ugavana wa Puebla kupitia muungano wa Juntos Haremos Historia, ulioundwa na Morena, Labour Party (Mexico) (PT) na Social Encounter Party (Mexico) (PES), katika uchaguzi wa mwaka [[2018]] na ule maalum wa mwaka [[2019]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/01/miguel-barbosa-morena-puebla/|title=Se registra Miguel Barbosa como precandidato de Morena al gobierno de Puebla|date=30 January 2018|access-date=25 December 2018|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403035054/https://www.animalpolitico.com/2018/01/miguel-barbosa-morena-puebla/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii: Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii: Siasa]] [[Jamii:Wiki for Minorities in Tanzania]] dbjmu9avoizw8m9ghwgfu9jopveq8ds 0 231501 1613835 1531167 2026-11-05T16:15:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | picha = Mary Kom - British High Commission, Delhi, 27 July 2011.jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = Kom katika Ubalozi wa Uingereza, New Delhi mwaka 2011 | wadhifa = Mbunge wa Rajya Sabha | jimbo = Kuteuliwa (Michezo) | kipindi_cha_kwanza = 25 Aprili 2016 | kipindi_cha_mwisho = 24 Aprili 2022 | mrithi = P. T. Usha | jina_la_kuzaliwa = Mangte Chungneijang Kom | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{birth date and age|df=y|1982|11|24 }}<ref name="Kom 2013">{{cite book |first=Mary |last=Kom |year=2013 |title=Unbreakable |page=1|publisher=Harper |isbn=9789351160106 }}</ref> | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = Kagathei, Churachandpur, Manipur, India | mwenzi = {{marriage|Karong Onkholer Kom|2005|December 2023|end=div}} | watoto = 4 | tuzo = Padma Vibhushan (2020)<br />Padma Bhushan (2013)<br/>Padma Shri (2006) | mteuzi = Pranab Mukherjee | moduli = {{Infobox_Bondia | embed = ndiyo | daraja_la_uzito = {{plainlist| *Uzani wa Atom *Uzani wa Ndege }} | urefu = 1.58 m | uzito = 48 kg / 51 kg | jumla = | ushindi = | KO = | kupoteza = | sare = | hakuna mashindano = | onyesha-medali = ndiyo | medali = {{MedalSport|Ndondi ya wanawake}} {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} {{MedalCount | jumla = ndiyo | Michezo ya Olimpiki | - | - | 1 | Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ndondi | 6 | 1 | 1 | Michezo ya Asia | 1 | - | 1 | Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola | 1 | - | - | Mashindano ya Ndondi ya Asia | 5 | 2 | - }} {{MedalCompetition|Michezo ya Olimpiki}} {{MedalBronze|2012 London|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalCompetition|Mashindano ya Dunia ya Ndondi}} {{MedalGold|2002 Antalya|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2005 Podolsk|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2006 New Delhi|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2008 Ningbo City|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2010 Bridgetown|Uzani wa Ndege Mwepesi}} {{MedalGold|2018 New Delhi|Uzani wa Ndege Mwepesi}} {{MedalSilver|2001 Scranton|Uzani wa Ndege Mwepesi}} {{MedalBronze|2019 Ulan-Ude|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalCompetition|Michezo ya Asia}} {{MedalGold|2014 Incheon|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalBronze|2010 Guangzhou|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalCompetition|Mashindano ya Ndondi ya Asia}} {{MedalGold|2003 Hisar|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2005 Kaohsiung|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2010 Astana|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalGold|2012 Ulaanbaatar|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalGold|2017 Ho Chi Minh City|Uzani wa Ndege Mwepesi}} {{MedalSilver|2008 Guwahati|Uzani wa Pin}} {{MedalSilver|2021 Dubai|Uzani wa Ndege}} {{MedalCompetition|Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola}} {{MedalGold|2018 Gold Coast|Uzani wa Ndege Mwepesi}} {{MedalCompetition|Michezo ya Ndani ya Asia}} {{MedalGold|2009 Hanoi|Uzani wa Pin}} }} }} '''Mangte Chungneijang "Mary" Kom'''<ref>{{cite news |date=7 November 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/world-champion-mary-kom-mary-kom-thanks-world-olympian-association-woa-oly-title-1616685-2019-11-07 |title=Six-time world champion Mary Kom becomes 'Mary Kom OLY' |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=16 August 2021 |archive-date=2 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102173004/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/world-champion-mary-kom-mary-kom-thanks-world-olympian-association-woa-oly-title-1616685-2019-11-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> (amezaliwa 24 Novemba 1982)<ref name="Kom 2013" /> ni bondia wa [[olimpiki]] kutoka [[India]], mwanasiasa, na aliyekuwa Mbunge wa jimbo la [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shetty-Saha |first1=Shubha |date=5 September 2014 |title=Movie review: 'Mary Kom' |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/movie-review---mary-kom--15580150 |work=Mid Day |access-date=18 August 2022 |archive-date=18 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220818174351/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/movie-review---mary-kom--15580150 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=London Olympics – Womens fly 51kg, Semi-finals – India vs Great Britain |url=http://www.olympic.org |website=www.olympic.org |publisher=World Olympics Committee |access-date=9 December 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705032224/http://www.olympic.org/ |archive-date=5 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.aiba.org/aiba-legends-mary-kom/ |title=AIBA Legends – Mary Kom – AIBA |work=AIBA |access-date=26 November 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617235840/https://www.aiba.org/aiba-legends-mary-kom/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yeye ndiye mwanamke pekee aliyeshinda mashindano ya ndondi ya dunia ya ridhaa mara sita, na bondia pekee aliyeshinda jumla ya [[medali]] nane za mashindano ya Dunia.<ref name=I_see_India>{{cite web |title=Magnificent Mary |date=13 August 2011 |url=http://iseeindia.com/2011/08/13/magnificent-mary/ |website=iseeindia.com |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-date=22 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120522021741/http://iseeindia.com/2011/08/13/magnificent-mary/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mary-kom-wins-record-sixth-world-championship-gold-5463177/ |title=Mary Kom wins record sixth World Championships gold |date=25 November 2018 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=25 November 2018 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125115441/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/mary-kom-wins-record-sixth-world-championship-gold-5463177/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/womens-world-boxing-championships-mary-kom-wins-record-sixth-gold-medal-sonia-chahal-takes-silver/articleshow/66784620.cms |title=World Boxing Championships: Mary Kom wins record sixth gold medal, Sonia Chahal takes silver |date=24 November 2018 |work=The Times of India |access-date=25 November 2018 |archive-date=24 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124164052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/boxing/womens-world-boxing-championships-mary-kom-wins-record-sixth-gold-medal-sonia-chahal-takes-silver/articleshow/66784620.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ude |first1=Ulan |title=MC Mary Kom crashes out but bags historic bronze in World Boxing Championships |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/mc-mary-kom-women-s-world-boxing-championships-aiba-world-boxing-championships-busenaz-cakiroglu-mary-kom-vs-busenaz-cakiroglu-women-s-51kg-semifinal-1608548-2019-10-12 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=India Today |date=12 October 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012171656/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/mc-mary-kom-women-s-world-boxing-championships-aiba-world-boxing-championships-busenaz-cakiroglu-mary-kom-vs-busenaz-cakiroglu-women-s-51kg-semifinal-1608548-2019-10-12 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akijulikana kwa jina la utani kama ''"Magnificent Mary"'', alikuwa bondia wa kike pekee kutoka India aliyefuzu kwa olimpiki ya majira ya joto ya 2012, ambapo alishiriki katika uzito wa uzani wa nzi (kilo 51) na kushinda medali ya shaba.<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympics: Mary Kom loses SF 6–11, wins bronze |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/olympics-mary-kom-loses-sf-611-wins-bronze/280136-73.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120809173312/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/olympics-mary-kom-loses-sf-611-wins-bronze/280136-73.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 August 2012 |publisher=IBN Live |access-date=8 August 2012}}</ref> Pia aliwahi kushika nafasi ya kwanza duniani katika uzito wa uzani wa nzi-mwanga (light-flyweight).<ref>{{cite web |title=AIBA World Women's Ranking |url=http://www.aiba.org/en-US/Rankings/Womens_51.aspx |publisher=AIBA |access-date=5 June 2012 |archive-date=29 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529035706/http://www.aiba.org/en-US/Rankings/Womens_51.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> Mary Kom ni mwanamke wa kwanza kutoka India kushinda dhahabu katika michezo ya [[Asia]] (2014) na michezo ya [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] (2018).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/asian-games-2014-day-12-live-india-women-aim-for-hockey-bronze-mary-kom-in-striking-distance-of-gold/ |title=Asian Games 2014 Day 12: Mary Kom punches first boxing gold, India add 1 silver, 3 bronzes to tally |date=1 October 2014 |publisher=indianexpress.com |access-date=15 December 2018 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215172407/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/asian-games-2014-day-12-live-india-women-aim-for-hockey-bronze-mary-kom-in-striking-distance-of-gold/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{BD|1982}} [[Jamii:Mabondia wa India]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uhindi]] 2v0j7tb6jeq7wzz9ezxp8wcxn06h9cp 0 231779 1614041 1531625 2026-11-05T21:03:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614041 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivian Elizabeth Ayers Allen''' (29 Julai 1923 – 18 Agosti 2025) alikuwa mshairi, mwandishi wa tamthilia, mwanaharakati wa utamaduni, mtunza makumbusho (museum curator) na msomi wa taaluma ya classics kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Nixon |first=Angela |date=2023-08-21 |title=Clemson University Press to publish Vivian Ayers Allen's book "Hawk" |url=[https://news.clemson.edu/clemson-university-press-to-publish-vivian-ayers-allens-book-hawk/](https://news.clemson.edu/clemson-university-press-to-publish-vivian-ayers-allens-book-hawk/) |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=Clemson News |language=en-US |archive-date=April 18, 2025 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20250418102815/https://news.clemson.edu/clemson-university-press-to-publish-vivian-ayers-allens-book-hawk/](https://web.archive.org/web/20250418102815/https://news.clemson.edu/clemson-university-press-to-publish-vivian-ayers-allens-book-hawk/) |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Barnes |first=Marian E. |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVzeLwyCjtIC&q=Vivian+Ayers+](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZVzeLwyCjtIC&q=Vivian+Ayers+) |title=Black Texans: They Overcame |date=1996 |publisher=Eakin Press |isbn=978-1-57168-055-6 |language=en |chapter=Vivian Ayers. Mother, Poet, Author, Museum Curator}}</ref> == Historia == Alizaliwa mwaka 1923 katika Chester, South Carolina.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Coleman |first1=Glinda Price |last2=White |first2=Gina Price |date=2000 |title=Chester County |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-0649-4 |page=97 |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=loyUyGv1DiwC&pg=PA97}}](https://books.google.com/books?id=loyUyGv1DiwC&pg=PA97}})</ref> Alikuwa Mwafrika-Mmarekani, na pia alikuwa na asili ya Wenyeji wa Amerika; babu yake alikuwa wa kabila la Cherokee.<ref name=":3">{{Rejea kitabu |last1=Katz |first1=William Loren |last2=Franklin |first2=Paula Angle |date=1993 |title=Proudly Red and Black: Stories of African and Native Americans |publisher=Atheneum |isbn=978-0-689-31801-6 |page=79 |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlnhAAAAMAAJ&q=Vivian+Ayers+Allen}}](https://books.google.com/books?id=ZlnhAAAAMAAJ&q=Vivian+Ayers+Allen}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] qo7tdaesce57z3c3oeetzhvrm8x3wbk 0 231791 1613993 1543413 2026-11-05T20:12:22Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613993 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Antonia Dorothea Priestley Lowndes Marques''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] (15 Februari 1907 – 3 Februari 1993) alikuwa mwandishi na mwandishi wa habari ambaye alikuja kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu katika jamii ya Waingereza waliokuwa wakiishi [[Lisbon]], [[Ureno]].<ref name="Independent">{{cite web |last1=Lowndes Marques |first1=Paulo |title=Obituary: Susan Lowndes Marques |url=[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-susan-lowndes-marques-1475160.html](https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-susan-lowndes-marques-1475160.html) |archive-url=[https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-susan-lowndes-marques-1475160.html](https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-susan-lowndes-marques-1475160.html) |archive-date=25 Mei 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=dead |website=The Independent |accessdate=6 Mei 2020}}</ref><ref name="BHSP">{{cite journal |last1=Raposo |first1=Francisco Hipolito |last2=Mollet |first2=M.I.(trans) |title=Goodbye Mrs Lowndes |journal=British Historical Society of Portugal Annual Report |date=1993 |volume=19 |page=15 |url=[https://www.bhsportugal.org/library/articles/goodbye-mrs-lowndes](https://www.bhsportugal.org/library/articles/goodbye-mrs-lowndes) |accessdate=6 Mei 2020 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1993}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] s8et04y4juacloj0zwmhvbzqyx8ultl 0 231852 1613831 1531713 2026-11-05T16:11:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Jonathan Pincus''' (alizaliwa [[Februari 13]], [[1966]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kama mwanzilishi wa ''Zynga'', kampuni ya michezo ya kijamii ya simu za mkononi.<ref>[https://venturebeat.com/2010/01/11/crunchies-winners-facebook-bing/ VentureBeat January 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915044300/https://venturebeat.com/2010/01/11/crunchies-winners-facebook-bing/ |date=2017-09-15 }}[link]</ref> Pincus pia alianzisha kampuni za ''Freeloader, Inc.'', ''Tribe Networks'', na ''Support.com''.Pincus alikuwa afisa mkuu mtendaji wa Zynga hadi Julai [[2013]], tena kutoka [[2015]] hadi [[2016]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2016/03/01/zynga-names-ex-ea-exec-frank-gibeau-as-its-ceo/|title=Zynga names ex-EA mobile exec Frank Gibeau as its CEO|last=Takahashi|first=Dean|website=venturebeat.com|date=March 1, 2016|accessdate=October 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027131609/https://venturebeat.com/2016/03/01/zynga-names-ex-ea-exec-frank-gibeau-as-its-ceo/|archive-date=October 27, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="King">{{cite web|last=King|first=Rachel|title=Zynga's latest unraveling: Pincus out as product chief|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/zyngas-latest-unraveling-pincus-out-as-product-chief/|website=[[ZDNet]]|access-date=April 25, 2014|date=April 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425061027/http://www.zdnet.com/zyngas-latest-unraveling-pincus-out-as-product-chief-7000028709/|archive-date=April 25, 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wajasiriamali wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] epbu2vjixs1tbpjuel4zk83oef8kr2v 0 232118 1614037 1533797 2026-11-05T21:01:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vincent Kennedy McMahon''' (Alizaliwa [[Agosti 24]], [[1945]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mpiganaji wa zamani wa mieleka ya kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. McMahon ni mwanzilishi mwenza wa [[WWE]] ya kisasa, shirika kubwa zaidi la mieleka ya kulipwa duniani. Nje ya mieleka ya kulipwa, McMahon mara kwa mara alijihusisha na kuendeleza michezo mingine; miradi yake ilijumuisha ''World Bodybuilding Federation'' na ''XFL''. Yeye ni mmiliki wa ''Alpha Entertainment''<ref name="14thI">{{cite web|url=https://wrestlenomics.com/articles/2025/vince-mcmahons-new-company-is-called-14th-i-focusing-on-sports-media-and-entertainment/|title=Vince McMahon's new company is called 14TH & I, focusing on sports, media, and entertainment|date=May 30, 2025|accessdate=May 31, 2025|work=Wrestlenomics|author=Thurston, Brandon}}</ref><ref name="WWEBio">{{cite web |title=Mr. McMahon – WWE Bio |url=https://www.wwe.com/superstars/mr-mcmahon |website=[[WWE]] |access-date=December 18, 2018 |archive-date=February 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190222144104/https://www.wwe.com/superstars/mr-mcmahon |url-status=dead}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qc17hnx1g5cg1y3jgc5tb0002fw8lpv 0 232207 1613877 1536631 2026-11-05T17:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613877 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Naomi Jean Thomas Gray''' (18 Mei 1922 – 29 Desemba 2006) alikuwa Naibu Rais wa kwanza mwanamke wa shirika la Planned Parenthood na pia mwalimu wa kwanza mwanamke wa masomo ya kazi za jamii katika San Francisco State University.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Naomi Thomas Gray Obituary (2007) San Francisco Chronicle |url=[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/naomi-gray-obituary?id=25259830](https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/naomi-gray-obituary?id=25259830) |access-date=3 Machi 2022 |website=Legacy.com |archive-date=5 Machi 2022 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20220305212936/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/naomi-gray-obituary?id=25259830](https://web.archive.org/web/20220305212936/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sfgate/name/naomi-gray-obituary?id=25259830) |url-status=dead}}</ref> Alianzisha mashirika kadhaa katika sekta ya afya ya umma (public health) na mwaka 1985 aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa San Francisco Health Commission. Pia alitunukiwa heshima ya kuwa raia mashuhuri wa Indiana (Indiana Distinguished Citizen).<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Naomi Jean Gray's Biography |url=[https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/naomi-jean-gray-40](https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/naomi-jean-gray-40) |access-date=5 Machi 2022 |website=The HistoryMakers |archive-date=27 Februari 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210227033446/https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/naomi-jean-gray-40](https://web.archive.org/web/20210227033446/https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/naomi-jean-gray-40) |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1922|2006}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ecul2ddu5658790ojrvbpclg1st12ch 0 232551 1613917 1538374 2026-11-05T18:35:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613917 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Elzinga''' ([[6 Aprili]] [[1944]] – [[8 Novemba]] [[2023]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kanada]]. Aliwahi kuhudumu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, mbunge wa Bunge la Shirikisho la Canada, na pia waziri katika baraza la mawaziri la Bunge la Mkoa wa Alberta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6hHwAAAAMAAJ&q=Peter+Elzinga+1944|title=Guide Parlementaire Canadien|date=1989}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Peter Elzinga|url=https://canadianelectionsdatabase.ca/PHASE5/?p=0&type=person&ID=12311|last=Sayers|first=Anthony|date=2017|access-date=November 17, 2023|website=canadianelectionsdatabase.ca|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007131241/http://canadianelectionsdatabase.ca/PHASE5/?p=0&type=person&ID=12311|archive-date=October 7, 2022}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2023]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] csnqwj72cmzcnf5cydt1ku7336ot75u 0 232677 1614049 1538423 2026-11-05T21:17:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Thomas Finlay''' ([[12 Julai]] [[1853]] – [[9 Mei]] [[1914]]) alikuwa mfanyabiashara, [[mwanasiasa]] na waziri wa baraza la mawaziri katika Alberta na Northwest Territories nchini Kanada. Finlay alihudumu kama meya wa pili wa Medicine Hat na pia aliwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Medicine Hat katika Bunge la Mkoa wa Alberta. Aidha, alihudumu katika baraza la mawaziri la Alexander Cameron Rutherford kama Waziri wa kwanza wa Kilimo wa Alberta na Katibu wa Mkoa (Provincial Secretary) kuanzia mwaka 1905 hadi 1909.aliozaliwa <ref name="SaskProvArchives">{{cite web|author=Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan|title=North-West Territories: Council and Legislative Assembly, 1876–1905|url=https://www.saskarchives.com/sites/default/files/documents/NWT-Council.pdf|publisher=Provincial Archives of Saskatchewan|date=2009|access-date=June 29, 2022|archive-date=September 28, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928101028/http://www.saskarchives.com/web/seld/1-00.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{refend}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1853]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1914]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Kanada]] 76nx1vc35eaiajrbqm64gaqykrx3nlm 0 232700 1614046 1538188 2026-11-05T21:13:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wendell Erdman Berry''' (amezaliwa 5 Agosti 1934) ni mwandishi wa riwaya, mshairi, mwandishi wa insha, mwanaharakati wa mazingira (environmental activist), mkosoaji wa utamaduni (cultural critic), na mkulima kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web|url=[http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/wendell-e-berry-biography|title=Wendell](http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/wendell-e-berry-biography|title=Wendell) E. Berry biography|website=National Endowment for the Humanities|access-date=26 Aprili 2015|archive-date=16 Mei 2019|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190516142910/https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/wendell-e-berry-biography|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20190516142910/https://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/wendell-e-berry-biography|url-status=live}})</ref> Anahusishwa kwa karibu na jimbo la vijijini la [[Kentucky]], ambapo alitengeneza mawazo yake mengi ya kilimo na maisha ya kijijini katika insha za awali kama ''The Gift of Good Land'' (1981) na ''The Unsettling of America]]'' (1977). Mtazamo wake kuhusu utamaduni na uchumi wa jamii za vijijini pia unaonekana katika riwaya na hadithi za mji wa kubuni wa Port William, ikiwemo ''A Place on Earth'' (1967), ''Jayber Crow'' (2000), na ''That Distant Land'' (2004). == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1934|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] g23kqsr2fye553mjf4nvoi5oy58qsff 0 233470 1613837 1539786 2026-11-05T16:19:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Richard Stone''' (anayejulikana kama '''Matt Stone'''; alizaliwa [[Mei 26]], [[1971]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], mhuishaji, [[mwandishi]], mtayarishaji, na mtunzi wa nyimbo nchini [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2020/05/26/UPI-Almanac-for-Tuesday-May-26-2020/8311589816609/|title= UPI Almanac for Tuesday, May 26, 2020|work= [[United Press International]] | date= May 26, 2020|access-date=June 10, 2020 | archive-date= June 11, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200611014223/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2020/05/26/UPI-Almanac-for-Tuesday-May-26-2020/8311589816609/|url-status=live|quote=… filmmaker/actor Matt Stone in 1971 (age 49)}}</ref> Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuunda pamoja kipindi cha televisheni cha katuni ''South Park'' (tangu [[1997]]) na ''The Book of Mormon'' ([[2011]]) pamoja na mshirika wake [[Trey Parker]]<ref name=tvg>{{cite magazine |title=Matt Stone: Biography |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/matt-stone/bio/165314/ |magazine=[[TV Guide]] |access-date=February 27, 2019 |archive-date=May 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517092710/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/matt-stone/bio/165314/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] r1g5lndh1mn05ipaa2jbwsfwqax6u9v 0 233873 1613922 1543269 2026-11-05T18:37:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613922 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pierrick Boyer''' (amezaliwa 22 Julai 1974 mjini Valognes) Mpishi wa vitindamlo (pastry chef) kutoka [[Ufaransa]]. == Kazi == Mwaka 1989, Pierrick Boyer alianza mafunzo ya awali ya uanagenzi katika Feucherolles, Yvelines nchini Ufaransa, na kuendelea na mafunzo hayo kati ya mwaka 1990 hadi 1992 huko Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche. Mwaka 1992 alianza kufanya kazi na Les Compagnons Du Devoir huko Strasbourg, na baadaye Brussels mwaka 1993. Pia alihudumu katika Jeshi la Ufaransa pamoja na Kikosi cha Kulinda Amani cha Umoja wa Mataifa, kabla ya kupelekwa Split, Croatia mwaka 1995. Mwaka 1996, Boyer alirudi Les Compagnons huko Reims, na mwaka 1997 akaendelea Bordeaux. Pia alifanya kazi kwa muda wa miezi sita katika Club Med nchini Italia, maeneo ya Livorno na Donoratico. Mwaka huohuo alianza kufanya kazi katika pâtisserie ya Kifaransa iitwayo Palm Dessert. Mwaka 2002 alijiunga na idara ya vitamu ya Ritz Carlton huko Boston. Boyer pia alifanya kazi katika Plaza Athenee mjini Paris kama Naibu Mpishi Mkuu wa Vitamu chini ya Christophe Michalak.<ref>Pierrick Boyer's Background [[http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background {{Wayback|url=http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background |date=20151117015313 }}](http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background {{Wayback|url=http://www.pierrickboyer.com/the-chef/#background |date=20151117015313 }}) "About Pierrick Boyer"]. Retrieved 16 November 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ufaransa]] le9uo1a1qk3q3gbx3358mp93xyso4tm 0 234232 1613669 1613541 2026-11-05T12:41:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Member of Parliament for Mchinji West, Honourable Rhita Langa Sanga.jpg|thumb|Rhita Langa Sanga]] '''Rhita Langa Sanga''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Malawi]] anayewakilisha jimbo la Mchinji West tangu mwaka 2025. Mwaka 2018, Sanga aligombea kama mgombea huru katika jimbo la Mchinji East. Alipata chini ya asilimia 7 ya kura, huku Kayo Zinchetera wa chama cha Malawi Congress Party akishinda jimbo hilo. Mwaka 2025, Sanga aligombea tena katika jimbo la Mchinji West na kushinda [[uchaguzi]]. Mnamo Novemba 2025, aliteuliwa kuwa Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Vyombo vya Habari na Teknolojia ya Habari katika National Assembly of Malawi. Mwenyekiti wa kamati hiyo alikuwa Kingwell Liphuka, na walichaguliwa kuhudumu hadi mwaka 2030.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Parliament of Malawi|url=https://www.parliament.gov.mw/media-resources/parliament-news/84|work=www.parliament.gov.mw|accessdate=2026-05-13|language=en|author=Parliament of Malawi}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Malawi]] imi244pmkh5sn2f90ceq2d9ptxdlklw 0 234330 1614056 1541885 2026-11-05T21:24:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yudhika Sujanani''' ni mpishi maarufu, mmiliki wa migahawa, mwandishi na mwanaharakati kutoka [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alianzisha shule ya upishi na duka la vyakula lijulikanalo kama ''Holi Cow Cooking School and Deli'' mwezi Februari 2014. == Kazi == Sujanani alianza kujulikana hadharani mwaka 2009 alipokuwa akitoa maonyesho ya upishi katika maonyesho ya chakula na mvinyo.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Grant-Marshall |first=Sue |title=Winning Women – Yudhika Sujanani: Spiced up holy cow |url=[https://www.news24.com/archives/city-press/winning-women-yudhika-sujanani-spiced-up-holy-cow-20150430](https://www.news24.com/archives/city-press/winning-women-yudhika-sujanani-spiced-up-holy-cow-20150430) |access-date=13 Juni 2025 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=28 Mei 2017 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170528005946/http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Winning-Women-Yudhika-Sujanani-Spiced-up-holy-cow-20150430](https://web.archive.org/web/20170528005946/http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Winning-Women-Yudhika-Sujanani-Spiced-up-holy-cow-20150430) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] loloq3jrwwudfn6gx3l24njrlz7x8ab 0 234397 1613927 1541818 2026-11-05T18:43:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613927 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pricilia Carla Saputri Yules''' (alizaliwa 8 Julai 1996), anayejulikana zaidi kama '''Carla Yules''', ni mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Indonesia]] ambaye alishinda taji la Miss Indonesia 2020 akiwakilisha South Sulawesi. Yules aliwakilisha Indonesia katika Miss World 2021, ambapo alifika hatua ya Top 6 na pia alishinda taji la ''Miss World Asia & Oceania''. Yules ni Mwaindonesia wa nne kushinda taji hilo na wa kumi kufika hatua ya fainali katika historia ya [[Miss World]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Yules alizaliwa tarehe 8 Julai 1996 mjini [[Surabaya]], East Java, Indonesia, kwa wazazi wa Kichina wa Indonesia, Joe Fredy Yules.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Ungkapan Rasa Bangga Ayah Carla Yules Miss Indonesia 2020|url=[https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2020/02/21/196/2171881/ungkapan-rasa-bangga-ayah-carla-yules-miss-indonesia-2020|website=[[:id:Okezone.com|Okezone.com]]|date=21](https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2020/02/21/196/2171881/ungkapan-rasa-bangga-ayah-carla-yules-miss-indonesia-2020|website=[[:id:Okezone.com|Okezone.com]]|date=21) Februari 2020|access-date=21 Februari 2020|archive-date=22 Aprili 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104919/https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2020/02/21/196/2171881/ungkapan-rasa-bangga-ayah-carla-yules-miss-indonesia-2020|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210422104919/https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2020/02/21/196/2171881/ungkapan-rasa-bangga-ayah-carla-yules-miss-indonesia-2020|url-status=live}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Indonesia]] c80c153yohvwcyeffvdvkc1oqm5gzod 0 235840 1614055 1544660 2026-11-05T21:24:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yuan Longping''' ( 7 Septemba 1930 – 22 Mei 2021) alikuwa [[China|Mchina]] [[agronomia|mtaalamu wa kilimo]] na mvumbuzi. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chinese Academy of Engineering na alijulikana kwa kuendeleza aina za kwanza za mpunga chotara katika miaka ya 1970, ikiwa sehemu ya Mapinduzi ya Kijani katika kilimo.<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/yuan-longping-dead.html|title=Yuan](https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/yuan-longping-dead.html|title=Yuan) Longping, Plant Scientist Who Helped Curb Famine, Dies at 90|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 23, 2021|access-date=26 May 2021|last1=Bradsher|first1=Keith|last2=Buckley|first2=Chris|archive-date=May 26, 2021|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210526013958/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/yuan-longping-dead.html|url-status=live}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20210526013958/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/23/world/asia/yuan-longping-dead.html|url-status=live}})</ref> Kutokana na mchango wake huo, Yuan alijulikana kama “Baba wa Mpunga Chotara”.<ref>{{cite web|year=2004|title=Dr. Monty Jones and Yuan Longping|url=[https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/20002009_laureates/2004_jones_and_yuan/|access-date=2017-10-24|publisher=[[World](https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/20002009_laureates/2004_jones_and_yuan/|access-date=2017-10-24|publisher=[[World) Food Prize]]|archive-date=June 25, 2020|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20200625025623/https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/20002009_laureates/2004_jones_and_yuan/|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20200625025623/https://www.worldfoodprize.org/en/laureates/20002009_laureates/2004_jones_and_yuan/|url-status=live}})</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|2021}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] e49pc0irjc4314izp5f222qscpp5nw3 0 235841 1614060 1556761 2026-11-05T21:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zhang Tianfu''' ( 21 Septemba 1910 – 4 Juni 2017)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://fuan.fjsen.com/2017-06/04/content_19618238.htm|title=中国茶界泰斗张天福先生离世](http://fuan.fjsen.com/2017-06/04/content_19618238.htm|title=中国茶界泰斗张天福先生离世) 享年108岁|website=[[Fjsen]]|language=zh|access-date=2017-06-04|archive-date=2017-07-09|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20170709143106/http://fuan.fjsen.com/2017-06/04/content_19618238.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20170709143106/http://fuan.fjsen.com/2017-06/04/content_19618238.htm) }}</ref> alikuwa mwanaagronomia wa [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China|China]] na mtaalamu wa uchakataji wa chai, anayejulikana kwa kuendeleza uchakataji wa chai ya oolong.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=[http://history.people.com.cn/n1/2016/1115/c408363-28870314.html|title=张天福：105岁的茶界传奇&nbsp;一生与茶为伴|website=www.people.com.cn|language=zh|access-date=2017-06-04|archive-date=2018-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210063347/http://history.people.com.cn/n1/2016/1115/c408363-28870314.html|url-status=dead}}](http://history.people.com.cn/n1/2016/1115/c408363-28870314.html|title=张天福：105岁的茶界传奇 {{Dead link|date=November 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&nbsp;一生与茶为伴|website=www.people.com.cn|language=zh|access-date=2017-06-04|archive-date=2018-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210063347/http://history.people.com.cn/n1/2016/1115/c408363-28870314.html|url-status=dead}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> Pia alikuwa mtaalamu na mpenda chai mwenye ujuzi mkubwa.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Encyclopedia of Chinese Agriculture: Tea Industry|publisher=(China) Agriculture Press|year=1988|isbn=7-109-00349-3|pages=324}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1910|2017}} [[Jamii:Watu wa China]] qi9988bksxatx1ntmnu7frwz4xepk00 0 235880 1613978 1544744 2026-11-05T19:54:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613978 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shinichiro Tomonaga''' (朝永 振一郎; *Tomonaga Shin'ichirō*; 31 Machi 1906 – 8 Julai 1979), anayejulikana pia kama '''Sin-Itiro Tomonaga''' katika Kiingereza, alikuwa [[Japani|Mjapani]] [[fizikia|mwanafizikia]]. Alishiriki Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia mwaka 1965 pamoja na Richard Feynman na Julian Schwinger kwa kazi yao ya msingi katika elektrodinamika ya kwanta (QED), ambayo ilikuwa na athari kubwa katika fizikia ya chembe za msingi.<ref name=Nobel>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 | publisher = [[Nobel Foundation]] | url = [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html](http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html) | access-date = 9 October 2008 | archive-url = [https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034818/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034818/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html) | archive-date = 21 October 2008 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Hayakawa, Satio|title=Obituary: Sin-itiro Tomonaga|journal=[[Physics Today]]|date=December 1979|volume=32|issue=12|pages=66–68|doi=10.1063/1.2995326|bibcode=1979PhT....32l..66H|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1906|1979}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Japani]] aisxpe02fgldzw0qvsuxxfkuvkiew39 0 235950 1613995 1545020 2026-11-05T20:14:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613995 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Swraj Paul, Baron Paul''' ([[Februari 18]], [[1931]] – [[Agosti 21]], [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] mkuu na mfadhili mwenye asili ya [[India]] na uraia wa [[Uingereza]]. Mwaka [[1996]] aliteuliwa kuwa life peer na alikaa katika House of Lords kama baron. Mwaka [[2008]] aliteuliwa kuwa naibu spika wa Lords, na mwaka [[2009]] aliteuliwa kuwa mshauri wa ''Privy Council''. Alianzisha Caparo Group of industries nchini Uingereza. Mwaka [[2025]], aliorodheshwa nambari 81 kwenye Sunday Times Rich List akiwa na utajiri wa [[pauni]] bilioni 2. Alifariki akiwa na umri wa miaka 94 huko London.<ref name="TheyWorkForYou">{{Rejea tovuti|title = TheyWorkForYou|url = https://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/13603/lord_paul|website = www.theyworkforyou.com|access-date = 8 October 2015|url-status = live|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150910031237/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/13603/lord_paul|archive-date = 10 September 2015|df = dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.caparo.com/en-gb/about/board-member-profile.aspx?bmid=0a2157f3-539b-4178-bd3d-67bbfabcfac9 |title=Caparo — Caparo is a global group wholly owned and managed by the Paul family. Caparo is chaired by Lord Paul of Marylebone |publisher=Caparo.com |access-date=21 September 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920092323/http://www.caparo.com/en-gb/about/board-member-profile.aspx?bmid=0a2157f3-539b-4178-bd3d-67bbfabcfac9 |archive-date=20 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] 7omxlnx971fwf0l6k59renpc9uizrhs 0 236076 1613992 1545003 2026-11-05T20:11:33Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613992 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sunil Vaswani''' (alizaliwa [[Julai 11]], [[1963]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea mwenye asili ya [[Uhindi]] na uraia wa [[Nigeria]] na [[Uingereza]].Ni mwenyekiti wa Stallion Group; kampuni yenye makao yake [[Dubai]] yenye maslahi mbalimbali katika magari, bidhaa, chakula, utengenezaji wa chuma, plastiki, vifungashio, petrokemikali, shughuli za bandari na teknolojia. Kikundi hicho kinafanya kazi kote [[Asia]], Mashariki ya Kati na [[Afrika]]. Kufikia [[2025]], utajiri wake ulikadiriwa kuwa dola bilioni 1.8.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/sunil-vaswani/ |work=Forbes |title=Forbes Profile: Sunil Vaswani |accessdate=26 January 2021 |archive-date=26 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126214502/https://www.forbes.com/profile/sunil-vaswani/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Stallion Group">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/article/stallion-group-forges-ahead-with-africa/articleid/8234|work=Forbes Middle East|title=Stallion Group Forges Ahead with Africa Expansion|accessdate=2 March 2015|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316023903/http://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/en/news/read/article/stallion-group-forges-ahead-with-africa/articleid/8234|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7knp5sxjxvlry3kntg99fo5nkkad3dd 0 236325 1613948 1545711 2026-11-05T19:04:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Michael (Mathias) Anton''' (Agosti 7, 1941 – Novemba 11, 2023) alikuwa mchezaji wa curling kutoka [[Kanada]], akiwa na asili ya [[Medicine Hat, Alberta]].<ref name="Wood">{{Rejea habari|title=Larry Wood|url=[https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/](https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/) |date=Oktoba 11, 1961 |last=Wood |first=Larry |newspaper=[[Calgary Herald]] |page=18 |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231114144228/https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/](https://web.archive.org/web/20231114144228/https://www.newspapers.com/article/calgary-herald/135180079/) |archive-date=Novemba 14, 2023 |access-date=Novemba 20, 2023}}</ref> Alikuwa akicheza kama mchezaji wa nafasi ya tatu (third) katika kikosi cha Hec Gervais kilichoshinda mashindano ya Brier ya mwaka 1961 na 1974.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=[http://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/](http://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/) |title=Classic Curler: Hector Gervais |website=[[Curling Canada]] |date=Septemba 20, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174633/https://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/](https://web.archive.org/web/20230321174633/https://www.curling.ca/blog/2011/09/20/classic-curler-hector-gervais/) |archive-date=Machi 21, 2023 |access-date=Novemba 20, 2023}}</ref> Alikuwa mchezaji wa kwanza wa curling kutumia “slider” kwenye kisigino chake wakati wa kurusha jiwe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanamichezo}} {{BD|1941|2023}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Kanada]] ddyf38i6tsg7pio6wozzqsgs6s5upyb 0 236742 1613944 1547088 2026-11-05T19:00:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rob van Esdonk''' (amezaliwa 25 Oktoba 1964) ni [[Uholanzi|Mholanzi]] wa zamani aliyekuwa mpiganaji wa kickboxing na MMA, aliyeshiriki katika uzani wa Heavyweight.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title= Rob van Esdonk |publisher= [[Sherdog]] |url= [http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Rob-van-Esdonk-1485](http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Rob-van-Esdonk-1485) |archiveurl= [https://web.archive.org/web/20141017200439/http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Rob-van-Esdonk-1485](https://web.archive.org/web/20141017200439/http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Rob-van-Esdonk-1485) |archivedate= October 17, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title= Rob Van Esdonk |publisher= mixedmartialarts.com |url= [http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/f/6F7731FEDA536E62/Rob-van-Esdonk/](http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/f/6F7731FEDA536E62/Rob-van-Esdonk/) |archiveurl= [https://web.archive.org/web/20141106095925/http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/f/6F7731FEDA536E62/Rob-van-Esdonk/](https://web.archive.org/web/20141106095925/http://www.mixedmartialarts.com/f/6F7731FEDA536E62/Rob-van-Esdonk/) |archivedate= November 6, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title= Rob Van Esdonk |publisher= fightmatrix.com |url= [http://www.fightmatrix.com/fighter-profile/Rob+van+Esdonk/1471/](http://www.fightmatrix.com/fighter-profile/Rob+van+Esdonk/1471/) |archiveurl= [https://web.archive.org/web/20141106100327/http://www.fightmatrix.com/fighter-profile/Rob+van+Esdonk/1471/](https://web.archive.org/web/20141106100327/http://www.fightmatrix.com/fighter-profile/Rob+van+Esdonk/1471/) |archivedate= November 6, 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] flewkcq9oglmkbzk8kp15bg04h0zu62 0 236758 1613839 1546533 2026-11-05T16:21:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maxim Gennadievich Grishin''' (alizaliwa tarehe 2 Mei 1984)<ref>{{cite web |title=Maxim "Maximus" Grishin MMA Stats |url=[https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Maxim-Grishin-33201](https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Maxim-Grishin-33201) |publisher=Sherdog |access-date=12 Machi 2023 |archive-date=19 Februari 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20230219101909/https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Maxim-Grishin-33201](https://web.archive.org/web/20230219101909/https://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Maxim-Grishin-33201) |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni mpiganaji wa [[Urusi]] wa mixed martial arts na kickboxing anayeshindana katika uzani wa light heavyweight. Akiwa ameingia kwenye taaluma ya kulipwa mwaka 2008, amewahi kushiriki katika mashindano ya Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) na pia alikuwa bingwa wa zamani wa M-1 Global wa uzani wa heavyweights wa Ulaya Mashariki. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1984|}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] 0km5813mnaskjl78vtgqsqxpiteb9ic 0 236896 1613967 1607836 2026-11-05T19:44:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613967 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergei Valerievich Kharitonov''' (alizaliwa 18 Agosti 1980) ni mchezaji wa [[Urusi]] wa boxing ya kitaalamu, mixed martial arts (MMA), na pia ni mcheza kickboxing wa zamani. Mwanariadha wa MMA tangu mwaka 2000, Kharitonov amewahi kushindana katika mashirika mbalimbali ya MMA nchini Japani kama PRIDE Fighting Championships na DREAM, pamoja na mashirika mengine ya kimataifa kama Bellator MMA, M-1 Global, Strikeforce, na pia GLORY (kickboxing).<ref name="she">{{cite web |url=[http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?fighterID=4184](http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?fighterID=4184) |title=Fight Finder: Sergei Kharitonov |year=2007 |access-date=2007-08-16 |publisher=[[Sherdog]] |archive-date=2007-08-07 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20070807074917/http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=4184](https://web.archive.org/web/20070807074917/http://www.sherdog.com/fightfinder/fightfinder.asp?fighterid=4184) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] bombrn5hesv648hbl7r8ddcza6s4ndl 0 237127 1613991 1574816 2026-11-05T20:10:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sufia Begum''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Begum alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangshad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Begum, Sufia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] c4w5ribkvttmnhjm1oabwuwu6ql63ge 0 237152 1613965 1607914 2026-11-05T19:43:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613965 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Selina Rauf Chowdhury''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Chowdhury alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2018|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Jatiya Sangshad|publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Chowdhury, Selina Rauf}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Bangladesh]] 8q92qc6bbh3zvg1aibnigha45fb0mi8 0 237178 1614052 1548495 2026-11-05T21:21:32Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614052 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yasmin Haque''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Haque alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangshad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1955||Haque, Yasmin}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 553oolw51wu3ddi920z1qoi2bcnx7v5 0 237186 1613935 1547748 2026-11-05T18:51:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raushan Ara Hena''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake.<ref>{{cite news |title=86 ex-BNP MPs back Delwar |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40260 |accessdate=14 November 2020 |work=The Daily Star |date=8 June 2008 |language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Hena alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangsad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1955||Hena, Raushan Ara}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 7gaj1tzj32wmo0yk3xpapwkyg2uby2d 0 237190 1613800 1547684 2026-11-05T15:28:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lutfun Nesa Hossain''' (jina la kuzaliwa: '''Mustari''') alikuwa mwalimu, mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP), na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Wasifu == Lutfun Nesa Mustari alizaliwa katika mji wa Chapai Nawabganj. Baba yake alikuwa Kashimuddin Ahmed, ambaye alikuwa mwanaharakati wa kijamii na mfadhili. Alikuwa na kaka watatu. Aliolewa na Ek Lakh Hossain, ambaye alikuwa mwanasheria na mwanaharakati wa kijamii. Walibarikiwa kupata mtoto wa kiume mmoja na wa kike mmoja. Lutfun Nesa Hossain alifundisha katika chuo cha Godagari Government Degree College mkoani [[Rajshahi]] kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili.<ref name="ektv18Sep2024">{{cite news |script-title=bn:চলে গেলেন সাবেক সংসদ সদস্য লুৎফুন নেসা মুস্তারী |trans-title=Former MP Lutfun Nesa Mustari passes away |url=https://www.ekushey-tv.com/politics/1360873111111150330 |publisher=Ekushey TV |date=18 September 2024 |language=bn}}</ref> Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1991.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 5th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917232851/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/5th.pdf |archive-date=17 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangsad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> Alichaguliwa tena kwa mara nyingine mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf |archive-date=15 September 2018 |access-date=15 November 2020 |website=Jatiya Sangsad |publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1945|2024|Hossain, Lutfun Nesa}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 2n2i0wtm1jido4khwjjumjkvki6zed2 0 237246 1613855 1547721 2026-11-05T17:07:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momtaz Kabir''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Kabir alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2018|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Jatiya Sangsad|publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1955||Kabir, Momtaz}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 6c1caqyrhgp1sr9n4pwasda6ddkbolc 0 237275 1613931 1547746 2026-11-05T18:49:50Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613931 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebeka Mahmoud''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party - BNP) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake.<ref>{{cite news |title=86 ex-BNP MPs back Delwar |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-40260 |accessdate=14 November 2020 |work=The Daily Star |date=8 June 2008 |language=en}}</ref> == Kazi == Mahmoud alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo mwaka 1979 na baadaye tena mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=|title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2018|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Jatiya Sangsad|publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1945||Mahmoud, Rebeka}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Bangladesh]] 3bgembw7loqa7qu6jd8ockwq09fau8f 0 237291 1613939 1547752 2026-11-05T18:53:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613939 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebeka Mahmoud''' ni mwanasiasa wa [[Bangladesh]] kutoka chama cha [[Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh]] (Bangladesh Nationalist Party) na alikuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vilivyotengwa kwa ajili ya wanawake. == Kazi == Mahmoud alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge kupitia viti maalum vya wanawake kama mgombea wa Chama cha Kitaifa cha Bangladesh mnamo Februari 1996.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=|title=List of 6th Jatiya Sangshad members|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915084544/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp-bangla/6th%20Parliament%20.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2018|access-date=15 November 2020|website=Jatiya Sangsad|publisher=Government of Bangladesh}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1950||Mahmoud, Rebeka}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Bangladesh]] 3cveek1cx7elppw8j9eklcd873etyga 0 238008 1613936 1549120 2026-11-05T18:52:46Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raymond Paul "Ray" Beckman''' (30 Juni 1925 – 13 Julai 2011) alikuwa mchezaji wa soka wa [[Marekani]] na mshiriki wa timu ya taifa ya Marekani katika michezo ya Olimpiki ya mwaka 1948. Beckman alikuwa miongoni mwa wachezaji wa timu ya Marekani katika Soka ya Wanaume Olimpiki ya 1948. Pia alicheza na kupata mechi mbili rasmi (caps) akiwa na Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Wanaume ya Marekani katika mwaka huo huo. Alizaliwa katika St. Louis, Missouri, Beckman alijiunga na Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani (U.S. Navy) wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia (World War II). Alihudumu kama fundi umeme ndani ya meli ya hospitali ya USS Comfort (AH-6), na alinusurika shambulio la kamikaze mwaka 1945 lililoua watu 30 na kuwajeruhi 48. Baada ya vita, alirudi St. Louis ambako alifanya kazi kama zimamoto kwa muda wa miaka 18, hadi alipoumia akiwa kazini wakati akizima moto. Pia alicheza soka katika ligi za St. Louis. Mwaka 1948, Beckman alikuwa akichezea timu ya De Andries katika St. Louis Major League alipoteuliwa kujiunga na timu ya Marekani iliyoshiriki kwenye Soka ya Wanaume Olimpiki 1948. Alicheza dakika zote 90 katika kipigo cha 9–0 dhidi ya Italia kilichoiondoa Marekani kwenye mashindano. Baada ya Olimpiki, Marekani ilicheza mechi mbili kamili za kimataifa: kipigo cha 11–0 dhidi ya Norway na kisha 5–0 dhidi ya Timu ya Taifa ya Soka ya Ireland Kaskazini tarehe 11 Agosti 1948.<ref>{{cite web |url=[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/usa-intres-det69.html](https://www.rsssf.org/tablesu/usa-intres-det69.html) |title=USA - Details of International Matches 1885-1969 |website=[[RSSSF]] |access-date=February 6, 2023 |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100113210650/http://rsssf.com/tablesu/usa-intres-det69.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20100113210650/http://rsssf.com/tablesu/usa-intres-det69.html) |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1925|2011}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 32fvllgundbsb3e1s8imczj70bwbjvc 0 238656 1614031 1550273 2026-11-05T20:58:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614031 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valentin Kuzmich Tubylov''' ([[Kirusi]]: Валентин Кузьмич Тубылов; alizaliwa Novemba 13, 1935) alikuwa mwanasiasa wa [[Urusi]] aliyewahi kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Baraza la Juu la Jamhuri ya Udmurt tangu mwaka [[1992]] hadi 1995. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na [[Alexander Alexandrovich Volkov (mwanasiasa)|Alexander Volkov]], ambaye baadaye alikuja kuwa Kiongozi wa Udmurtia mnamo Novemba 2000. == Wasifu == Akiwa na asili ya [[Waudmurt]], Tubylov alizaliwa mnamo Novemba 13, 1935, katika kijiji cha Malaya Kibya katika [[Wilaya ya Mozhginsky]], wakati huo ikiwa sehemu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Kijamii ya Kujitawala ya Udmurt|Udmurt ASSR]]. Alihitimu kutoka Chuo cha Kilimo cha Sarapul mnamo mwaka 1962, na Chuo cha Kilimo cha Izhevsk mnamo mwaka 1969.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tubylov Valentin Kuzmich |url=https://www.biografija.ru/biography/tubylov-valentin-kuzmich.htm |website=Biografiya.ru |publisher=Biografiya |access-date=6 December 2023 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205143317/https://www.biografija.ru/biography/tubylov-valentin-kuzmich.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Urusi]] qqlu7r0qm8rsln98aqe9hjzip9m2q2q 0 238889 1613875 1565179 2026-11-05T17:45:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613875 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nancy Gathungu''' ndiye mkaguzi mkuu wa hesabu za serikali nchini kenya aliyeingia ofisini mnamo Juni 2020. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-07-16|title=New Auditor General Nancy Gathungu Says Her Net-worth Is Ksh30 Million|url=https://www.kahawatungu.com/auditor-general-nancy-gathungu-net-worth-ksh30-million/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=KahawaTungu|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Kenya|first=dhahabu|date=2020-06-23|title=Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu|url=https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Dhahabu|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/}}</ref> Alimrithi [[Edward Ouko]] aliyestaafu mnamo Agosti 2019. <ref name=":0" /> Hapo awali alikuwa ameomba kuwa Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali chini ya katiba ya 2010. <ref name=":1" /> Nancy Gathungu alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Wasichana ya Moi, Nairobi]]. Gathungu ni mtumishi wa umma mwenye uzoefu, alijiunga na ofisi ya Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali mnamo 1993 na kupandishwa cheo hadi Mkurugenzi Uhakikisho wa Ubora, Ofisi ya Mkaguzi Mkuu wa Hesabu za Serikali. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Kenya|first=dhahabu|date=2020-06-23|title=Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu|url=https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/|accessdate=2021-09-14|work=Dhahabu|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKenya2020">Kenya, dhahabu (2020-06-23). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210914122654/https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/ "Profile of the incoming Auditor General Nancy Gathungu"]. ''Dhahabu''. Archived from [https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/ the original] {{Wayback|url=https://www.dhahabu.co.ke/2020/06/23/profile-of-the-incoming-auditor-general-nancy-gathungu/ |date=20210914122654 }} on 2021-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-09-14</span></span>.</cite></ref> Wakati wa uteuzi, alikuwa mgombea wa Shahada ya Uzamivu ya Usimamizi wa Mikakati katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo na Teknolojia cha Jomo Kenyatta]] . <ref name=":1" /> Shahada za awali ni pamoja na Shahada ya Uzamili ya Utawala wa Mikakati na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (Chaguo la Uhasibu). <ref name=":1" /> [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} ciu3c613a1ukita17f2urldwmbjrde1 0 239786 1614065 1577412 2026-11-05T21:31:51Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614065 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Đorđe Genčić''' ( 16 Novemba 1861 – 19 Oktoba 1938) alikuwa mfanyabiashara wa viwanda na mwanasiasa wa [[Serbia]] na baadaye Yugoslavia. Aliwahi kuwa Meya wa Niš (1894–1899), Waziri wa Mambo ya Ndani (1899–1900), na Waziri wa Uchumi wa Taifa (1903). Alikuwa mmoja wa viongozi wa kisiasa waliohusishwa na Mapinduzi ya Mei ambayo yalimaliza utawala wa Nasaba ya Obrenović.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Lazić|first=Anđelija|date=2017-05-29|title=Alikumbukwa kama “mtu mwenye mikono ya damu”: Đorđe Genčić alihusika katika njama dhidi ya Obrenović na Karađorđević|url=[https://www.dnevno.rs/istorija/pamte-ga-kao-coveka-krvavih-ruku-dorde-gencic-je-kovao-zavere-i-protiv-obrenovice-i-protiv-karadordevica/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Dnevno.rs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711131053/http://www.dnevno.rs:80/istorija/pamte-ga-kao-coveka-krvavih-ruku-dorde-gencic-je-kovao-zavere-i-protiv-obrenovice-i-protiv-karadordevica/](https://www.dnevno.rs/istorija/pamte-ga-kao-coveka-krvavih-ruku-dorde-gencic-je-kovao-zavere-i-protiv-obrenovice-i-protiv-karadordevica/|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Dnevno.rs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711131053/http://www.dnevno.rs:80/istorija/pamte-ga-kao-coveka-krvavih-ruku-dorde-gencic-je-kovao-zavere-i-protiv-obrenovice-i-protiv-karadordevica/)|archive-date=2018-07-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-04-30|title=Đorđe Genčić|url=[http://srpskaenciklopedija.org/doku.php?id=%D1%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%92%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Српска](http://srpskaenciklopedija.org/doku.php?id=%D1%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%92%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B|access-date=2021-04-23|website=Српска) енциклопедија|language=sr}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1861|1938}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Serbia]] p7vnj7z88w0o42hpbgued8vsivfn7wf 0 240172 1613912 1598992 2026-11-05T18:31:47Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613912 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul Sablon''' (6 Novemba 1888 – 3 Novemba 1940), ambaye baadaye alijulikana kama '''Paul Bourgeois''', alikuwa mwigizaji, mwongozaji wa filamu, mpiga picha za filamu, mwandishi na mkufunzi wa wanyama aliyezaliwa mjini [[Brussels]], [[Ubelgiji]]. Alifanya kazi katika hatua za mwanzo za tasnia ya filamu, akihusika na kampuni ya Pathé Frères barani Ulaya na [[Universal Pictures|Universal]] nchini Marekani.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2011-04-12 |title=Paul Sablon |url=[https://filmdatabase.eyefilm.nl/en/collection/film-history/person/paul-sablon](https://filmdatabase.eyefilm.nl/en/collection/film-history/person/paul-sablon) |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=DEV EYE Filmdatabase |publisher=Eye Filmmuseum |language=en}}</ref> Akiwa akifanya kazi nchini Uholanzi, Sablon alikua mpiga picha wa kawaida wa filamu za Alfred Machin, hasa katika maonesho yaliyomhusisha simbamarara aitwaye Mimir.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Engelen |first=Leen |title=ON THE TRAIL OF THE TIGRESS {{!}} Il Cinema Ritrovato Festival |url=[https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/film/on-the-trail-of-the-tigress/](https://festival.ilcinemaritrovato.it/en/film/on-the-trail-of-the-tigress/) |access-date=2022-12-14 |language=en-US }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Baadaye alisafiri na Circus Hagenbeck, ambako aliendeleza ujuzi wake wa kufundisha wanyama.<ref name=":0" /> Katika kipindi chake nchini Marekani, alijulikana kama mkufunzi wa wanyama, mwongozaji wa filamu aliyepata mafanikio ya kibiashara na kisanii, lakini pia alihusishwa na ulaghai na tabia zisizofaa mahali pa kazi.<ref name=":13">{{Rejea habari |last=Johnston |first=Keith |date=2021-10-03 |title=He made history as Hollywood's first animal trainer. Then he scammed L.A. with 'iceless ice' |language=en-US |website=Los Angeles Times |url=[https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-10-03/hollywood-animal-trainer-paul-bourgeois-los-angeles-iceless-ice-scam](https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-10-03/hollywood-animal-trainer-paul-bourgeois-los-angeles-iceless-ice-scam) |access-date=2022-11-25}}</ref> Mwaka 1915, Bourgeois na mke wake, mwigizaji Rosita Marstini, walifika Hollywood baada ya kufanya kazi na wanyama katika majimbo ya New York na New Jersey.<ref name=":13" /> Kati ya mwaka 1915 na 1916 alikuwa mkufunzi mkuu wa wanyama na msimamizi wa Universal City Zoo.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Motion Picture News (Nov-Dec 1916) - Lantern |url=[https://lantern.mediahist.org/catalog/motionpicturenew14moti_4_0251](https://lantern.mediahist.org/catalog/motionpicturenew14moti_4_0251) |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=lantern.mediahist.org }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mwaka 1916 aliwahadaa wawekezaji kupitia mradi wa uwanja wa kutelezea kwenye barafu na baadaye akatorokea Arizona akiwa na fedha hizo pamoja na katibu wake wa miaka 19.<ref name=":13" /> Aliishi kwa vipindi nchini Kanada na Marekani, lakini alifariki katika nchi yake ya Ubelgiji.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":13" /> == Filamu alizoshiriki == === Kama mwigizaji === * 1912: ''Het vervloekte Geld'' (''Laana ya Fedha'') * 1913: ''Beasts of the Jungle''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List |url=[https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/B/BeastsOfTheJungle1913.html](https://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/B/BeastsOfTheJungle1913.html) |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=[www.silentera.com](http://www.silentera.com) |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * 1915: ''The Prisoner of the Harem''<ref>{{Rejea kitabu |last=McMahan |first=Alison |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=mqIMBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22paul+sablon%22&pg=PA270](https://books.google.com/books?id=mqIMBAAAQBAJ&dq=%22paul+sablon%22&pg=PA270) |title=Alice Guy Blaché: Lost Visionary of the Cinema |date=2014-08-22 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-0269-5 |language=en}}</ref> * 1916: ''Hungry Happy’s Dream''<ref>{{cite web|title=Hungry's Happy Dream|website=ECHO (Early Cinema History Online)|access-date=December 14, 2022|url=[https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/114363}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}](https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/114363}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> === Kama mwongozaji au mpiga picha wa filamu barani Ulaya === * 1912: ''Babylas va se marier'' * 1912: ''L'Âme des moulins''<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Paul Sablon |url=[https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1addee8](https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1addee8) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221214145728/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1addee8](https://web.archive.org/web/20221214145728/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1addee8) |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 14, 2022 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=British Film Institute |language=en}}</ref> * 1912: ''Calvaire du mousse'' * 1912: ''L'Or qui brûle'' * 1912: ''De Molens die juichen en weenen'' * 1912: ''La Peinture et les cochons'' === Kama mwongozaji nchini Marekani (akitumia jina Paul Bourgeois) === * 1915: ''Joe Martin Turns 'Em Loose''<ref>{{cite web|title=Joe Martin Turns Them Loose|website=ECHO (Early Cinema History Online)|access-date=December 14, 2022|url=[https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/97084}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}](https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/97084}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> * 1915: ''The Tiger-Woman''<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBIXAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22paul+Bourgois%22+animal+film&pg=RA8-PA127](https://books.google.com/books?id=JBIXAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22paul+Bourgois%22+animal+film&pg=RA8-PA127) |title=Greenroom Jottings|magazine=Motion Picture|page=127|date=1915 |publisher=Macfadden-Bartell |language=en}}</ref> * 1916: ''Nadine of Nowhere''<ref>{{cite web|title=Nadine of Nowhere|website=ECHO (Early Cinema History Online)|access-date=December 14, 2022|url=[https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116425}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}](https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116425}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> * 1916: ''The Whole Jungle Was After Him''<ref>{{cite web|title=Whole Jungle Was After Him, The|website=ECHO (Early Cinema History Online)|access-date=December 14, 2022|url=[https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/120235}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}](https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/120235}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref> * 1916: ''On the Trail of the Tigress''<ref>{{cite web|title=On the Trail of the Tigress|website=ECHO (Early Cinema History Online)|access-date=December 14, 2022|url=[https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116774|archive-date=December](https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116774|archive-date=December) 14, 2022|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20221214173252/https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116774|url-status=dead}}](https://web.archive.org/web/20221214173252/https://echo.commarts.wisc.edu/items/show/116774|url-status=live}})</ref> == Tazama pia == * {{Rejea kitabu |last=Donaldson |first=Geoffrey |title=Of Joy and Sorrow: A Filmography of Dutch Silent Fiction |date=1997 |publisher=Stichting Nederlands Filmmuseum |isbn=90-71338-10-X |location=Amsterdam |oclc=39197409}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Commons category}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1888|1940}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Ubelgiji]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] byz50lsdcu4awdmpfbazzk84pxgvw4r 0 240607 1613853 1579178 2026-11-05T16:46:34Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613853 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Grand Coulee Dam spillway.jpg|thumb|Njia ya kutolea maji ya ziada kwenye Bwawa la Grand Coulee]] '''Miundombinu ya maji''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]]: ''water infrastructure'') ni mfumo mpana wa miundo ya kihandisi, vifaa, na mitambo inayojengwa kwa ajili ya kukusanya, kusafisha, kuhifadhi, kusafirisha, na kusambaza maji kwa jamii, pamoja na kukusanya na kutibu majitaka. Mfumo huu ni nguzo muhimu katika maendeleo ya kiuchumi na afya ya jamii, ukihusisha usimamizi wa rasilimali za maji kuanzia kwenye vyanzo vya asili hadi yanapomfikia mlaji na hatimaye yanaporudishwa mazingirani baada ya matumizi.<ref>https://britannica.com – Ensaiklopidia ya Britannica inayofafanua vipengele na mifumo yote ya miundombinu ya usambazaji wa maji.</ref> == Historia ya Miundombinu ya Maji == Miundombinu ya maji imekuwepo tangu zamani za kale. [[Roma ya Kale]] ilijenga mifumo ya mabomba ya kupeleka [[maji]] kwenye [[miji]] yake kupitia njia za maji zinazoitwa aqueducts. Baadaye, [[Uingereza]] na [[Ufaransa]] zilijenga mifumo ya kwanza ya kisasa ya kusafirisha maji katika karne ya 19.<ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=thesesdissertations|title=Hydro-infrastructure History|publisher=University of Nevada|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Mwaka 1804, kiwanda cha kwanza cha kusafisha [[maji]] kilijengwa [[Scotland]] na kilisaidia sana katika kuupatia umma [[maji]] safi. Mwaka 1972, [[Marekani]] ilipitisha Sheria ya Maji Safi (Clean Water Act) iliyowataka [[miji]] yote kuwa na vituo vya kusafisha [[maji]]. Mwaka 1974, Sheria ya Maji Salama (Safe Water Act) iliweka kanuni za kwanza za kutoa [[maji]] safi kwa kila mtu.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=thesesdissertations|title=Hydro-infrastructure History|publisher=University of Nevada|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> == Mifumo ya uhifadhi na usambazaji == [[Mabwawa]] ya kuhifadhi maji (reservoirs) ni sehemu muhimu ya miundombinu ya maji. Mabwawa haya hutoa [[maji]] wakati wa mahitaji makubwa (kama wakati wa kiangazi), husaidia katika kuzima [[moto]], na hudhibiti shinikizo katika mfumo wa usambazaji. Mabwawa yanaweza kujengwa [[chini ya ardhi]] (kwa kutumia [[tangi]] chini ya [[nyumba]]) au [[juu ya ardhi]] (kwenye minara).<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution Systems|publisher=Water.mecc.edu|url=https://water.mecc.edu/courses/ENV115/Distribution_print.pdf|access-date=2026-06-10}}</ref> Kuna mifumo miwili mikuu ya usambazaji wa [[maji]]: * Mfumo wa matawi (Branched system) - Mifumo hii hufanana na [[tawi]] la [[mti]], ambapo [[mabomba]] madogo hujitokeza kutoka mabomba makubwa. Mfumo huu hutumika zaidi katika maeneo ya [[vijijini]]. * Mfumo wa matundu (Grid/Loop system) - Mifumo hii ina mabomba yaliyounganishwa kwa namna ya [[matundu]] (loops) katika eneo lote. Mfumo huu hutumika zaidi katika maeneo ya [[miji]] mikubwa kwani unatoa uhakika zaidi iwapo [[bomba]] moja litavunjika. == Changamoto za Miundombinu ya Maji Duniani == Kwa mujibu wa ripoti ya [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO) na [[Umoja wa Mataifa]] (UN-Water), miundombinu ya maji katika nchi nyingi bado ni duni.<ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miundombinu ya maji katika nchi nyingi bado ni duni|publisher=UN News|date=2019-08-27|url=https://news.un.org/sw/audio/2019/08/1066251|access-date=2026-06-10|archive-date=2026-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610095040/https://news.un.org/sw/audio/2019/08/1066251|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mipango ya miji ya kisasa na utunzaji wa mazingira, changamoto kubwa inayokabili miundombinu ya maji ni uchakavu wa mifumo ya zamani, ongezeko la haraka la idadi ya watu mijini, na athari za [[mabadiliko ya tabianchi]] zinazosababisha ukame wa muda mrefu au mafuriko makubwa. Wahandisi na serikali hujikita katika kubadili mifumo ya zamani na kuweka miundombinu thabiti (resilient infrastructure) inayotumia teknolojia ya kidijitali, kama vile sensa za kubaini uvujaji wa maji (smart water grids) na mifumo ya uvunaji wa maji ya mvua. * Ukosefu wa Uwekezaji - Utafiti uliofanyika mwaka 2019 katika [[nchi]] 115 ukijumuisha [[watu]] bilioni 4.5 umeonesha udhaifu mkubwa katika ufadhili na uwekezaji kwenye sekta ya maji. [[Nchi]] 19 ziliripoti kasoro ya asilimia 60 ya ufadhili, ilhali ni chini ya asilimia 15 ya [[nchi]] zilizo na fedha zinazoweza kufadhili mipango yao. * Athari za Uhaba wa Miundombinu - Dkt. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa WHO, amesema kuwa watu wengi sana hawapati [[maji]] safi ya kunywa na huduma za kujisafi, hali inayowaweka katika hatari ya [[maambukizi]] na pia kuhujumu maendeleo katika sekta ya [[afya]] ya umma. Kwa upande mwingine, [[maji taka]] yasiyotibiwa vizuri hutiririka kwenye [[mito]] na [[maziwa]], na kusababisha magonjwa kama [[kibofu]] na [[kuhara]]. Watu wengi hata hivyo hawawezi kumudu gharama za kuunganisha [[nyumba]] zao kwenye mtandao wa [[maji]] safi kutokana na umaskini.<ref>{{cite web|title=Miundombinu ya maji katika nchi nyingi bado ni duni|publisher=UN News|date=2019-08-27|url=https://news.un.org/sw/audio/2019/08/1066251|access-date=2026-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610095040/https://news.un.org/sw/audio/2019/08/1066251|archivedate=2026-06-10|url-status=dead}}</ref> Vilevile, kuna msisitizo unaoongezeka wa kutumia miundombinu ya kijani kama vile kurejesha ardhi-nyevu ya asili (luteka) na [[Uwanda wa mafuriko|nyanda za mafuriko]] ili kusaidia mifumo ya kihandisi ya zege katika kuchuja na kudhibiti mtiririko wa maji kwa njia endelevu. Juhudi hizi ni nguzo muhimu katika kuhakikisha usalama wa muda mrefu wa rasilimali za maji barani [[Afrika]].<ref>https://unep.org – Ripoti ya UNEP kuhusu changamoto na suluhisho endelevu za miundombinu ya maji duniani kote.</ref> == SDG 6 na Malengo ya 2030 == Ripoti hiyo imebaini kuwa uwepo wa [[Malengo ya Maendeleo Endelevu]] (SDGs), hususan Lengo namba 6, umesaidia kuimarisha huduma za [[maji]] safi na kujisafi. Takribani asilimia 50 ya [[nchi]] zilizofanyiwa utafiti kwa sasa zimeweka malengo ya [[maji]] safi na salama ya kunywa yanayolenga kufikia viwango vya juu ifikapo mwaka 2030.<ref>{{cite web|title=SDG 6 Synthesis Report on Water and Sanitation|publisher=UN Water|url=https://hlpf.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/2023%20UN%20Water%20SDG%206%20Synthesis%20Report.pdf|access-date=2026-06-10|archive-date=2023-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807003131/https://hlpf.un.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/2023%20UN%20Water%20SDG%206%20Synthesis%20Report.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Usambazaji wa Maji Tanzania == Serikali ya [[Tanzania]] imefanya juhudi kubwa katika kuimarisha miundombinu ya maji nchini. * Maendeleo ya Upatikanaji wa Maji - Hali ya upatikanaji wa huduma ya maji safi na salama imeongezeka kutoka asilimia 53 mwaka 2015 hadi kufikia asilimia 70 mwaka 2024. Kwa upande wa mjini, upatikanaji wa maji uko kati ya asilimia 82 hadi 95, inatofautiana kati ya [[mji]] mmoja na mwingine. Kwa upande wa vijijini, jumla ya [[vijiji]] 560 kati ya vijiji 651 vinavyosimamiwa na Wakala wa Maji na Usafi wa Mazingira Vijijini (RUWASA) vina [[miradi]] ya [[maji]] ya [[bomba]] inayohudumia wakazi wapatao 1,844,097 kati ya 2,634,423 sawa na asilimia 70 ya wakazi wote wa [[Mkoa wa Kagera]] wanaoishi maeneo ya vijijini. * Uwekezaji katika Miundombinu ya Maji - Kwa kipindi cha miaka minne (2020 hadi 2024), Serikali ya [[Tanzania]] imetoa Tsh. 69,370,644,767.82 (zaidi ya bilioni 69) kwa ajili ya ujenzi wa miundombinu ya maji. Pia, juhudi mbalimbali zimeendelea kuchukuliwa za kukarabati na kuboresha [[miradi]] chakavu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Huduma za Maji - Mkoa wa Kagera|publisher=Ofisi ya Rais TAMISEMI|url=https://kagera.go.tz/en/huduma-za-maji|access-date=2026-06-10|archive-date=2026-06-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260610095043/https://kagera.go.tz/en/huduma-za-maji|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tazama pia == * [[Mtambo wa kusafisha maji]] * [[Uhandisi wa maji]] * [[Usafishaji wa maji]] * [[Uchafuzi wa maji]] * [[Maendeleo endelevu]] == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{mbegu-teknolojia}} [[Jamii:teknolojia]] [[Jamii:Maji]] [[Jamii:AWC 2026]] 9j6p2hu56riutx3749iqqyfg675hgi4 0 242043 1614160 1579297 2026-11-06T05:59:03Z PaulLim11 88077 Image 1614160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Laïla Marrakchi|picha=Laïla Marrakchi at TAFFF 2026-4.jpg|uraia=Moroko na Ufaransa|kazi yake=Mtayarishaji na Mwandishi wa Filamu|tarehe ya kuzaliwa=10 Disemba 1975 <br> Casablanca, Moroko|mwenza=Alexandre Aja|kazi maarufu=Filamu ya Marock|maelezo=Laïla Marrakchi mwaka 2026}} '''Laila Marrakchi''' (alizaliwa Desemba 10, 1975) ni mtayarishaji na mwandishi wa filamu wa [[Ufaransa]] na [[Moroko]]. Anajulikana sana kwa filamu yake ya drama ya ''Marock (2005).'' ==Elimu na Kazi== Marrakchi alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Lyautey, shule ya sekondari ya Kifaransa jijini [[Casablanca]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Le phénomène « Marock »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/97128/culture/le-ph-nom-ne-marock/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ana shahada ya Uzamili katika Masomo ya Filamu na Audiovisual kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris III. Aliwahi kuwa msaidizi wa mkurugenzi katika filamu mbalimbali na kuongoza filamu yake ya kwanza fupi mwaka 2000, *L’Horizon perdu*. Baada ya filamu mbili za makala (*Femmes en royaume chérifien* na *Derrière les portes du hammam* mwaka 2001), filamu nyingine fupi, *Deux cents dirhams*, ilionyeshwa katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu za Kifaransa la Namur mwaka 2002. Filamu yake ya kwanza ndefu, *Marock* (2005), ilitayarishwa mwaka 2004 na kuonyeshwa katika kipengele cha 'Un Certain Regard' kwenye Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2005.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=La vie de la famille Oufkir au cinéma|url=https://www.bladi.net/vie-famille-oufkir-cinema.html|work=Bladi.net|date=2014-03-11|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr}}</ref> Filamu hiyo inaonyesha maisha ya vijana wenye upendeleo wa kijamii na kiuchumi jijini Casablanca, wenye tamaduni za Kimagharibi, lakini wakikabiliwa na chuki za jamii ya kienyeji pale uhusiano wa kimapenzi unapowaunganisha msichana Mwislamu na kijana Myahudi. Filamu yake ya pili ndefu, *Rock the Casbah* (2013), ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kipengele cha 'Special Presentation' kwenye Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Toronto la mwaka 2013. Hii ni hadithi nyingine binafsi kuhusu mji wake wa asili wa Casablanca, ikiwashirikisha waigizaji maarufu wa Kiarabu kama vile Nadine Labaki, Hiam Abbass na Omar Sharif. Filamu yake ijayo ndefu, *Strawberries*, itahusu maisha ya jamii ya Wamorocco wanaoishi uhamishoni nchini Uhispania.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Laila Marrakchi on returning to the Atlas Workshops with her highly anticipated ‘La Más Dulce’|url=https://www.screendaily.com/features/laila-marrakchi-on-returning-to-the-atlas-workshops-with-her-highly-anticipated-la-mas-dulce/5211457.article|work=Screen|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en|author=E. Nina Rothe}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2026, Marrakchi alitajwa miongoni mwa wanawake sita walioheshimiwa katika hafla ya 'Women in Cinema Gala' iliyoandaliwa na Taasisi ya Filamu ya Red Sea wakati wa Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes la mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=‘The Eddy’ Director Laïla Marrakchi, Nigerian Actress-Producer Genevieve Nnaji & Indian Actress-Singer Tara Sutaria Among Honorees For Red Sea Film Foundation’s Women In Cinema Gala|url=https://deadline.com/2026/05/red-sea-film-foundation-women-in-cinema-spotlight-honorees-1236899949/|work=Deadline|date=2026-05-13|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=en-US|author=Diana Lodderhose}}</ref> ==Maisha binafsi== Marrakchi ameolewa na mtengenezaji wa filamu Mfaransa Alexandre Aja, ambaye ni mtoto wa mtengenezaji wa filamu Alexandre Arcady.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=« Rock the Casbah » – Laïla Marrakchi : « Les Marocains sont condamnés à la schizophrénie »|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/136178/culture/rock-the-casbah-laela-marrakchi-les-marocains-sont-condamn-s-la-schizophr-nie/|work=JeuneAfrique.com|accessdate=2026-07-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Moroko]] [[Jamii:watayarishaji filamu wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Africa Film Cinema Tanzania 2026]] 9ixcs1yvv9lj1erod33cgkg65hen3xn 0 242964 1613799 1582937 2026-11-05T15:23:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lumumba''''' ni [[filamu]] ya kihistoria iliyotengenezwa mwaka [[2000]] na kuongozwa na ''Raoul Peck''. Filamu hii ilitengenezwa kwa ushirikiano wa nchi za [[Ufaransa]], [[Ujerumani]], [[Ubelgiji]] na [[Haiti]], na lugha iliyotumika ni [[Kifaransa]]. Filamu hii inaelezea maisha ya [[Patrice Lumumba]], kiongozi wa kwanza wa [[serikali]] ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|Kongo]] baada ya nchi hiyo kupata uhuru kutoka kwa koloni la [[Ubelgiji]] mwaka [[1960]]. Inaonyesha jinsi alivyopanda kuwa kiongozi maarufu na changamoto alizokutana nazo hadi mwisho wa maisha yake. Kwa sababu kulikuwa na vita nchini Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC) wakati wa utengenezaji wa filamu, baadhi ya matukio yalirekodiwa nchini [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Beira (Msumbiji)|Beira]], [[Msumbiji]]. Filamu hii ilipokelewa vizuri na wakosoaji wa filamu na ilishinda tuzo mbalimbali, zikiwemo tuzo kutoka American Black Film Festival, Political Film Society na Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrUDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA46&dq=%22Acapulco+Black+Film+Festival%22+Lumumba&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCy9mLk8yTAxWJF2IAHd2RNeoQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Acapulco%20Black%20Film%20Festival%22%20Lumumba&f=false|title=Jet|last=|first=|date=2001-07-23|publisher=Johnson Publishing Company|page=46|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Lumumba - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105164942/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/awards|access-date=2021-03-12|archive-date=5 November 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mitchell|first1=Elvis|title=FILM REVIEW; An African Leader's Brief Blaze of Glory|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|accessdate=17 February 2017|work=The New York Times|date=27 June 2001|language=en|archive-date=18 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218065025/http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9C02E2D61130F934A15755C0A9679C8B63|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="boxoffice">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|title=Lumumba (2000) - Box office / business<!-- Bot generated title -->|website=[[IMDb]]|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304101235/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0246765/business|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="thenation">{{cite news|url=http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|date=2002-03-14|accessdate=2006-08-26|title=Company Man|first=Tim|last=Shorrock|work=The Nation|archive-date=24 February 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224233326/http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020325/shorrock20020314|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="laurier">{{cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|date=2002-03-15|accessdate=2006-08-26|first=Joanne|last=Laurier|title="Carlucci" bleeped from HBO version of ''Lumumba''|work=World Socialist Web Site|archive-date=27 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027234230/http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/mar2002/carl-m15.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="hbo">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|title=HBO Films<!-- Bot generated title -->|access-date=21 August 2006|archive-date=9 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100109100504/http://www.hbo.com/films/lumumba/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za 2000]] [[Jamii:Filamu za Ufaransa]] 45c55v7sr5wvcliw4tg2rw1mepabibt 0 243335 1613990 1583511 2026-11-05T20:10:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 3 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Steven Victor Tallarico''' (alizaliwa 26 Machi 1948), anajulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii kama '''Steven Tyler''', ni mwimbaji na mtunzi wa nyimbo kutoka nchini [[Marekani]]. Tyler anajulikana zaidi kama mwimbaji mkuu wa bendi ya muziki wa rock kutoka [[Boston]] ya [[Aerosmith]], ambapo pia anapiga kinanda, mdomo (harmonica), na vyombo vya midundo. Amekuwa akiitwa "Demon of Screamin" kutokana na ukali wa sauti yake ya juu na uwezo wake mkubwa wa kubadilisha sauti.<ref>{{cite magazine |first = Kate |last = Springer |url = https://newsfeed.time.com/2012/01/23/critics-rip-steven-tyler-over-national-anthem-rendition/ |magazine = Time |date = January 23, 2012 |title = Critics Rip Steven Tyler Over National Anthem Rendition |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151019015917/http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/01/23/critics-rip-steven-tyler-over-national-anthem-rendition/ |archive-date = October 19, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Pia anajulikana kwa sarakasi zake jukwaani. Wakati wa maonyesho ya moja kwa moja, Tyler anajulikana kwa kuvaa mavazi ya rangi mbalimbali. Katika miaka ya 1970, Tyler alipata umaarufu mkubwa kama mwimbaji mkuu wa Aerosmith, iliyotoa albamu za hard rock kama vile ''[[Toys in the Attic (albamu)|Toys in the Attic]]'' na ''[[Rocks (albamu ya Aerosmith)|Rocks]]'' pamoja na mfululizo wa nyimbo zilizotamba, ikiwa ni pamoja na "[[Dream On (wimbo wa Aerosmith)|Dream On]]", "[[Sweet Emotion]]" na "[[Walk This Way]]". Ilipofika mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1970 na mapema miaka ya 1980, Tyler alitumbukia kwenye ulevi wa dawa za kulevya na pombe, na umaarufu wa bendi hiyo ulipungua. Mnamo mwaka 1986, Tyler alikamilisha matibabu ya kuacha dawa za kulevya na Aerosmith ilirejea tena kwenye chati kwa kiasi kikubwa wakati Tyler na Joe Perry walipojiunga na [[Run-DMC]] kurudia wimbo wa "Walk This Way", ambao ulikuwa wimbo uliyoingia 5 Bora. Baadaye Aerosmith ilianza kurejea kwa nguvu, na albamu zake zilizouza nakala nyingi za platinamu za ''[[Permanent Vacation (albamu ya Aerosmith)|Permanent Vacation]]'', ''[[Pump (albamu)|Pump]]'', ''[[Get a Grip]]'' na ''[[Nine Lives (albamu)|Nine Lives]]'' zilitoa jumla ya nyimbo 13 zilioingia 40 Bora na kuipatia bendi hiyo tuzo mbalimbali. Mnamo mwaka 2016, Tyler alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya pekee, ''[[We're All Somebody from Somewhere]]'', ambayo ilikuwa albamu ya [[country rock]] iliyojumuisha wimbo wa "[[Love Is Your Name]]". Tyler amejumuishwa kwenye orodha ya jarida la ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' ya waimbaji 100 bora wa wakati wote.<ref>{{cite magazine |title = 100 Greatest Singers of All Time |date = December 3, 2010 |url = https://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231 |magazine = Rolling Stone |access-date = April 21, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120429022814/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-singers-of-all-time-19691231 |archive-date = April 29, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Mnamo mwaka 2001, aliingizwa kwenye [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]] akiwa na Aerosmith, na mnamo 2013, Tyler pamoja na mshirika wake wa kutunga nyimbo [[Joe Perry (mwanamuziki)|Joe Perry]] walipokea Tuzo ya Waanzilishi wa [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP]] na kuingizwa kwenye [[Songwriters Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Steven Tyler, Joe Perry, Diplo and Other Top Names in Music Honored at 30th Annual ASCAP Pop Music Awards |url = http://www.ascap.com/press/2013/0417-steven-tyler-joe-perry-diplo-and-other-top-names-in-music-honored.aspx |publisher = [[American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers|ASCAP]] |access-date = July 30, 2013 |date = April 17, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130826175201/http://www.ascap.com/press/2013/0417-steven-tyler-joe-perry-diplo-and-other-top-names-in-music-honored.aspx |archive-date = August 26, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Aerosmith duo Steven Tyler and Joe Perry join Hall of Fame |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22902463 |work = BBC News |access-date = July 30, 2013 |date = June 14, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130618064506/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-22902463 |archive-date = June 18, 2013 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> == Diskografia == === Albamu za studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |- ! style="width:20em;" rowspan="2"| Jina ! style="width:16em;" rowspan="2"| Maelezo ya albamu ! style="width:16em;" colspan="3"| Nafasi zilizoshika kwenye chati ! style="width:9em;" rowspan="2"| Mauzo |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.8em;font-size:90%;"| [[Billboard 200|US]]<br /><ref>{{cite magazine |url = http://www.billboard.com/artist/280697/steven-tyler/chart?f=305 |title = Steven Tyler – Chart history (Billboard 200) |magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date = July 26, 2016 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160918173956/http://www.billboard.com/artist/280697/steven-tyler/chart?f=305 |archive-date = September 18, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.8em;font-size:90%;"| [[ARIA Charts|AUS]]<br /><ref>{{cite web |url = http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Steven+Tyler |title = australian-charts.com – Discography Steven Tyler |publisher = Hung Medien |access-date = July 26, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160918121124/http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Steven+Tyler |archive-date = September 18, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.8em;font-size:90%;"| [[Canadian Albums Chart|CAN]]<br /><ref>{{cite magazine |url = http://www.billboard.com/artist/280697/steven-tyler/chart?f=309 |title = Steven Tyler – Chart history (Canadian Albums) |magazine = Billboard |access-date = July 26, 2016 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160918174018/http://www.billboard.com/artist/280697/steven-tyler/chart?f=309 |archive-date = September 18, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''[[We're All Somebody from Somewhere]]'' | * Tarehe ya kutolewa: 15 Julai 2016 * Lebo: [[Dot Records]] | 19 || 37 || 21 | * US: 50,700<ref>{{cite news |title = Top 10 Country Albums Sales Chart: January 3, 2017 |url = http://roughstock.com/news/2017/01/41257-top-10-country-albums-sales-chart-january-3-2017 |last = Bjorke |first = Matt |publisher = Roughstock |date = January 3, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170104233600/http://roughstock.com/news/2017/01/41257-top-10-country-albums-sales-chart-january-3-2017 |archive-date = January 4, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> |} === Nyimbo za kujitegemea === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan=2|Mwaka !rowspan=2|Jina !colspan=4|Nafasi zilizoshika kwenye chati !rowspan=2|Albamu |- style="font-size:smaller;" !width=45|[[Billboard Hot 100|US]]<br /> ! style="width:45px;"| [[Hot Country Songs|US Country]]<br /> ! style="width:45px;"| [[Country Airplay|US Country Airplay]]<br /> !width=45|[[Canadian Hot 100|CAN]]<br /> |- |1998 |align=left|"I Love Trash"<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0041XTN3W/ref=dm_dp_trk7 I Love Trash (Feat. Steven Tyler)]. Amazon. Retrieved on May 3, 2012.</ref> | — | — | — | — |rowspan=3 {{Non-album singles}} |- |2010 |align=left|"Love Lives" | — | — | — | — |- |2011 |align=left|"[[(It) Feels So Good]]"<ref name="billboard.com May 18, 2011">Gary Trust [http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471486/adele-stays-atop-hot-100-lady-gaga-makes-glory-ous-start Adele Stays Atop Hot 100, Lady Gaga Makes 'Glory'-ous Start] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201055749/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/471486/adele-stays-atop-hot-100-lady-gaga-makes-glory-ous-start |date=February 1, 2013 }}. billboard.com. May 18, 2011</ref> | 35 | — | — | 47 |- |2015 |align=left|"[[Love Is Your Name]]" | 75 | 19 | 33 | 54 | style="text-align:left;" rowspan="3"| ''We're All Somebody from Somewhere'' |- |rowspan="2"| 2016 |align=left|"Red, White & You" | — | 29 | 46 | — |- |align=left|"We're All Somebody from Somewhere" | — | — | — | — |} === Kazi za ushirikiano === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width:auto;"|Mwaka !Wimbo !Msanii !Albamu |- | style="text-align:center;"|1986 |"[[Walk This Way]]" |[[Run-D.M.C.]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler na Joe Perry |''[[Raising Hell (albamu)|Raising Hell]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1988 |"[[Wild Thing (wimbo wa Chip Taylor)#Toleo zingine zilizorudiwa|Wild Thing]]" |[[Sam Kinison]]; wasanii wageni walijumuisha Steven Tyler |''[[Have You Seen Me Lately?]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1989 |"[[Only My Heart Talkin']]" |[[Alice Cooper]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Trash (albamu ya Alice Cooper)|Trash]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1989 |"Slice of Your Pie" |[[Mötley Crüe]]; wasanii wageni walijumuisha Steven Tyler |rowspan=2|''[[Dr. Feelgood (albamu)|Dr. Feelgood]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|1989 |"Sticky Sweet" |Mötley Crüe; wasanii wageni walijumuisha Steven Tyler |- | style="text-align:center;"|1999 |"Roots, Rock, Reggae" |[[Bob Marley]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Chant Down Babylon]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2001 |"Misery" |[[Pink (mwimbaji)|Pink]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler na [[Richie Sambora]] |''[[Missundaztood]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2002 |"[[Sing for the Moment]]" |[[Eminem]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler na Joe Perry (bila kutajwa rasmi; mwangwi wa "Dream On" ulitumiwa; hakuna urekodishaji mpya uliofanywa) |''[[The Eminem Show]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2004 |"[[I'm a King Bee]]" |Steven Tyler na Joe Perry |''Bendi ya sauti ya Lightning in a Bottle'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2005 |"[[Just Feel Better]]" |[[Carlos Santana|Santana]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[All That I Am (albamu ya Santana)|All That I Am]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2006 |"Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll" |[[Keith Anderson]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Three Chord Country and American Rock & Roll]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2009 |"[[Cryin']]" na "Smile" |[[Chris Botti]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Chris Botti in Boston]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2011 |"[[Sharp Dressed Man]]" |The M.O.B. (Steven Tyler, Mick Fleetwood, John McVie, Jonny Lang, Brett Tuggle) |''[[ZZ Top: A Tribute from Friends]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2013 |"[[Someday (wimbo wa Julian Lennon)|Someday]]" | [[Julian Lennon]] na Steven Tyler | wimbo wa pekee usio wa albamu |- |"Sex E Bizarre" |[[Orianthi]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Heaven in This Hell]]'' (Toleo la Deluxe) |- |"Evil Twin" |[[Buddy Guy]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler, [[Joe Perry (mwanamuziki)|Joe Perry]] na [[Brad Whitford]] |''[[Rhythm & Blues (albamu ya Buddy Guy)|Rhythm & Blues]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2014 |"[[You Really Got a Hold on Me]]" |[[Smokey Robinson]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[Smokey & Friends]]'' |- |"Skin City" |[[Robert Rodriguez]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''Bendi ya sauti ya Sin City: A Dame to Kill For'' |- |"Vagabond Soul" |[[The Bayonets]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''Crash Boom Bang!'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2015 |"[[Crazy (wimbo wa Patsy Cline)|Crazy]]" |[[Hayden Panettiere]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler |''[[The Music of Nashville: Season 4, Volume 1]]'' |- | style="text-align:center;"|2023 |"I Want You Back" |[[Dolly Parton]] akimshirikisha Steven Tyler pamoja na mgeni maalum [[Warren Haynes]] |''[[Rockstar (albamu ya Dolly Parton)|Rockstar]]'' |} === Video za muziki === {| class="wikitable" |- ! Mwaka ! Video ! Muongozaji |- | 2011 | "Feels So Good"<ref name="Country Music Television">{{cite web |url = http://www.cmt.com/videos/steven-tyler/1217189/love-is-your-name.jhtml |title = CMT : Videos : Steven Tyler : Love Is Your Name |work = [[Country Music Television]] |access-date = July 6, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924125510/http://www.cmt.com/videos/steven-tyler/1217189/love-is-your-name.jhtml |archive-date = September 24, 2015 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> | rowspan=2| [[Trey Fanjoy]] |- | 2015 | "Love Is Your Name"<ref name="Country Music Television" /> |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{BD|1948}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] d87nfup32yxquhznlfknf6z08bjhyco 0 243356 1613945 1588263 2026-11-05T19:02:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin W. Kilson''' (1953–2009) alikuwa [[profesa]] wa historia kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana kwa kushirikiana kuandaa [[mkutano]] wa mwaka [[1994]] ulioitwa Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name 1894–1994 katika Taasisi ya Teknolojia ya Massachusetts (MIT). == Wasifu == Kilson alizaliwa tarehe 31 Mei 1953 huko Newton, Massachusetts. Alipata shahada ya kwanza, [[shahada]] ya uzamili na shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard]]. Alifundisha katika Chuo cha Bryn Mawr, MIT, Chuo cha Mount Holyoke, [[Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko Dallas|Chuo Kikuu cha Texas]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Collection: Papers of Robin W. Kilson, 1956-2015 {{!}} HOLLIS for|url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/7197|work=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu|accessdate=2026-08-04|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221135657/https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/resources/7197|archivedate=2024-02-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> huko Austin, na Chuo Kikuu cha Northeastern. Mwaka 1993, alikuwa mtafiti mwenzake katika Bunting Institute ya Radcliffe College. Mwaka 1994, Kilson na Evelynn M. Hammonds waliandaa mkutano uliofanyika kuanzia tarehe 13 hadi 15 Januari katika MIT, uliolenga kuchunguza uzoefu wa maprofesa wanawake Weusi katika [[taasisi]] za elimu ya juu. Mkutano huo uliwahusisha wazungumzaji mashuhuri akiwemo Vinie Burrows, Johnnetta Cole, Angela Davis, na Lani Guinier, na ulihudhuriwa na zaidi ya watu 2,000. Mwaka 1999, Kilson alihariri kwa pamoja na Robert D. King kitabu Statecraft of British Imperialism: Essays in Honour of Wm. Roger Louis.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Robin Kilson Obituary - Cambridge, Massachusetts - Tributes.com|url=http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Robin-W.-Kilson-85862615|work=www.tributes.com|accessdate=2026-08-04|language=en|archive-date=2022-02-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222040941/http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Robin-W.-Kilson-85862615|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha binafsi == Kilson alikuwa ameolewa na Burr Tweedy. Alifariki tarehe 29 Aprili 2009 huko Cambridge, Massachusetts. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1953]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2009]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] drsh8le9t7tpsmc3n7jmajant2e2n7v 0 243595 1613884 1584591 2026-11-05T17:53:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613884 wikitext text/x-wiki '''David Ng Lap Seng''' (Alizaliwa [[Juni]] [[1948]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] bilionea wa majengo nchini [[Uchina]] mwenye makao yake [[Macau]], mwenyekiti wa ''Sun Kian Ip Group'' . Yeye ni mwanachama wa Kamati ya Kitaifa ya Mkutano wa Ushauri wa Kisiasa wa Watu wa China (CPPCC).<ref name=CPPCC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/CMS/wylibary/showJcwyxtInfoWylibary.action?tabJcwyxt.guid=11W001999&wytype=wy |title=Wu Lisheng |publisher=[[CPPCC]] |accessdate=1 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728162208/http://www.cppcc.gov.cn/CMS/wylibary/showJcwyxtInfoWylibary.action?tabJcwyxt.guid=11W001999&wytype=wy |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="美反腐起訴澳門商人吳立勝和前聯大主席">{{cite news |title=美反腐起訴澳門商人吳立勝和前聯大主席 |url=http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/10/151006_us_un_corruption_china |accessdate=2 June 2016 |publisher=BBC Chinese |date=6 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728192103/http://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/10/151006_us_un_corruption_china |archive-date=28 July 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa China]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uchina]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cese23s1pl2d3bn4go0ddfsepk7furq 0 243896 1613947 1589147 2026-11-05T19:03:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography |jinalamchezaji = Rodri |picha = [[File:Rodri France v Spain 7.24.26-096.jpg|noborder|250px]] |caption = Rodri katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]] |jinakamili = Rodrigo Hernández Cascante |tareheyakuzaliwa = {{umri na tarehe ya kuzaliwa|1996|6|22|df=yes}} |mjialiozaliwa = [[Madrid]] |nchialiozaliwa = [[Hispania]] |urefu = {{height|m=1.91}} |nafasi = [[Kiungo (michezo)|Kiungo ulinzi]] (CDM) |klabuyasasa = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |nambayaklabu = 16 |miakayaujana = 2006–2013 |Timuzaujana = [[CF Rayo Majadahonda]] |miakayaujana2 = 2013–2015 |Timuzaujana2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |katikaklabu = Klabu za wakubwa* |years1 = 2015–2016 |clubs1 = Villarreal B |caps1 = 42 |goals1 = 2 |years2 = 2015–2018 |clubs2 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]] |caps2 = 63 |goals2 = 1 |years3 = 2018–2019 |clubs3 = [[Atlético Madrid]] |caps3 = 34 |goals3 = 3 |years4 = 2019–2026 |clubs4 = [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |caps4 = 196 |goals4 = 23 |years5 = 2026– |clubs5 = [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]] |caps5 = 0 |goals5 = 0 |nationalyears1 = 2012 |nationalteam1 = Hispania U16 |nationalcaps1 = 2 |nationalgoals1 = 0 |nationalyears2 = 2014–2015 |nationalteam2 = Hispania U19 |nationalcaps2 = 8 |nationalgoals2 = 0 |nationalyears3 = 2017–2018 |nationalteam3 = Hispania U21 |nationalcaps3 = 6 |nationalgoals3 = 1 |nationalyears4 = 2018– |nationalteam4 = Hispania |nationalcaps4 = 78 |nationalgoals4 = 5 |medaltemplates = |club-update = 18 Agosti 2026 |nationalteam-update = 18 Agosti 2026 }} '''Rodrigo Hernández Cascante''' (alizaliwa [[22 Juni]] 1996), anajulikana zaidi kama '''Rodri''' au '''Rodrigo''', ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka nchini [[Hispania]] anayecheza kama [[Kiungo (michezo)|kiungo ulinzi]] katika klabu ya [[Barcelona F.C.|Barcelona]] na [[Timu ya taifa]] ya Hispania. Anachukuliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwa mmoja wa viungo bora zaidi duniani kutokana na uwezo wake wa kupiga pasi, utulivu uwanjani na umbo lake la kimwili. Rodri ni mmoja wa wachezaji wachache waliowahi kutwaa mataji ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]], [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya|Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya (UEFA)]] na tuzo ya [[Ballon d'Or]]. Alipata tuzo ya Ballon d'Or mwaka 2024, na kuwa mchezaji wa pili wa Hispania<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> na mchezaji wa kwanza wa Manchester City kutwaa tuzo hiyo.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 October 2024 |title=Rodrigo becomes first City player to win Ballon d'Or |url=https://onefootball.com/en/news/rodrigo-becomes-first-city-player-to-win-ballon-dor-40232793 |access-date=30 October 2024 |website=OneFootball}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na klabu == === Villarreal === Rodrigo Hernández Cascante<ref>{{cite web |url=http://actas.rfef.es/actas/RFEF_CmpActa1?cod_primaria=1000144&CodActa=57319 |title=Acta del Partido celebrado el 18 de mayo de 2019, en Valencia |publisher=Royal Spanish Football Federation |access-date=17 June 2019 |language=es |archive-date=8 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200308100537/http://actas.rfef.es/actas/NLogin |url-status=dead }}</ref> alizaliwa 22 Juni 1996<ref>{{cite web |title=Rodri |url=https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/rodri |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613164558/https://www.espn.co.uk/football/player/_/id/231828/Rodri |archive-date=13 June 2021 |access-date=19 February 2020 |publisher=[[ESPN]]}}</ref> mjini [[Madrid]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |title=Rodri: Summary |website=Soccerway |publisher=Perform Group |access-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219234742/https://uk.soccerway.com/players/rodrigo-hernandez-cascante/395959/ |archive-date=19 February 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> Alijiunga na mfumo wa vijana wa [[Atlético Madrid]] mwaka 2007 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 kutoka CF Rayo Majadahonda.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |title=Fútbol: el nuevo fichaje "Rodri" (At. Madrid) y Lucas jugaron juntos en Majadahonda |publisher=Majadahonda Magazin |language=es |date=22 December 2017 |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707185200/https://majadahondamagazin.es/futbol-nuevo-fichaje-rodri-at-madrid-lucas-jugaron-juntos-majadahonda-94152 |url-status=live }}</ref> Mwaka 2013, aliachwa na klabu hiyo kwa kile kilichoelezwa kuwa "ukosefu wa nguvu za kimwili", na baadaye alisaini mkataba na [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |title=El Busquets que se le escapó al Atlético VS. el nuevo 'kaiser' rojiblanco |newspaper=Mundo Deportivo |location=Barcelona |language=es |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090145/http://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/atletico-madrid/20150716/20862982601/el-busquets-que-se-le-escapo-al-atletico-vs-el-nuevo-kaiser-rojiblanco.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mnamo 7 Februari 2015, Rodri alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza katika timu ya akiba ya Villarreal B.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |title=1–3: Frenados |publisher=RCD Espanyol |language=es |date=7 February 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222081556/http://www.rcdespanyol.com/es/actualidad/_n:354 |url-status=live }}</ref> Alianza kucheza rasmi katika timu ya wakubwa mnamo [[17 Desemba]] 2015 kwenye ushindi wa mabao 2–0 dhidi ya SD Huesca katika mchezo wa [[Copa del Rey]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |title=Trigueros remonta al Huesca y certifica el pase sin presumir |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 December 2015 |access-date=18 December 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221033213/http://futbol.as.com/futbol/2015/12/17/copa_del_rey/1450381676_123973.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Mechi yake ya kwanza katika ligi kuu ya [[La Liga]] ilikuwa 17 Aprili 2016 akiingia kama mchezaji wa akiba kuchukua nafasi ya [[Denis Suarez|Denis Suárez]] dhidi ya Rayo Vallecano.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |title=Dos misiles de Guerra y Miku hunden al Submarino |newspaper=Diario AS |location=Madrid |language=es |date=17 April 2016 |access-date=3 June 2018 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628205108/https://as.com/futbol/2016/04/17/primera/1460909792_737936.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Atlético Madrid === Mnamo 24 Mei 2018, Rodri alirejea Atlético Madrid baada ya klabu hiyo kufikia makubaliano na Villarreal kwa ada iliyokadiriwa kuwa [[euro]] milioni 20.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |title=Acuerdo con el Villarreal para el traspaso de Rodri |publisher=Atlético Madrid |language=es |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=24 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609093634/https://www.atleticodemadrid.com/noticias/acuerdo-con-el-villarreal-para-el-traspaso-de-rodri |url-status=live }}</ref> Alisaini mkataba wa miaka mitano na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza tarehe 15 Agosti kwenye UEFA Super Cup ya mwaka 2018 mjini Tallinn, ambapo Atlético ilishinda 4–2 dhidi ya wapinzani wao wa jadi [[Real Madrid]]. Alishinda pia tuzo yake ya kwanza ndani ya klabu hiyo baada ya kuonyesha kiwango bora katika safu ya kiungo.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2019-07-04 |title=Rodri: Who is the Spain international and what will he bring to Man City? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48860805 |access-date=2026-07-21 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> === Manchester City === Mnamo 3 Julai 2019, [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] ililipa [[pauni]] milioni 62.6 kuvunja mkataba wake na Atlético Madrid, ada iliyokuwa rekodi ya usajili kwa klabu hiyo kwa wakati huo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |title=Rodri: Manchester City pay £62.6m release clause for Atletico Madrid's Spain midfielder |website=BBC Sport |date=3 July 2019 |access-date=3 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707071521/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akiwa na Manchester City, Rodri alikuwa nguzo kuu katika kikosi cha kocha [[Pep Guardiola]]. Alisaidia klabu hiyo kutwaa mataji manne mfululizo ya [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza]] (Premier League) na kukamilisha rekodi ya kutwaa mataji matatu makubwa kwa msimu mmoja (treble) katika msimu wa 2022–23. Mnamo 10 Juni 2023, alifunga bao pekee la ushindi katika fainali ya [[Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya|Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya (UEFA)]] dhidi ya [[Inter Milan]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/65845807|title=Manchester City 1–0 Inter Milan|website=BBC Sport|date=10 June 2023}}</ref> na kuipatia Manchester City taji lao la kwanza la Ligi ya Mabingwa, ambapo alichaguliwa kuwa Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa mashindano hayo.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> === FC Barcelona === Mnamo [[18 Agosti]] 2026, Rodri alikamilisha uhamisho wake wa kurejea nchini Hispania baada ya kusajiliwa na klabu ya Barcelona kwa mkataba wa miaka minne.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=FC Barcelona sign Rodrigo Hernández|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/news/4561501/fc-barcelona-sign-rodrigo-hernandez|work=www.fcbarcelona.com|accessdate=2026-08-18|language=en}}</ref> Uhamisho huo uligharimu kiasi cha [[pauni]] [[milioni]] 65.4 ([[euro]] milioni 76.5).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rodri joins Barcelona from Man City in £65m deal|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/c2k7w3vwv5yo|work=BBC Sport|date=2026-08-18|accessdate=2026-08-18|language=en-GB}}</ref> Katika kikosi cha Barcelona, alikabidhiwa jezi namba 16, akichukua nafasi ya kiungo ulinzi kufuatia mabadiliko ya kikosi cha timu hiyo kwa msimu wa 2026–27. == Timu ya taifa == Baada ya kuwakilisha Hispania katika ngazi za vijana, Rodri alichaguliwa kwenye timu ya wakubwa mnamo 16 Machi 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |title=Parejo, Marcos Alonso y Rodri, novedades en la lista de la selección española |newspaper=El País |location=Madrid |language=es |date=18 March 2018 |access-date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420122829/https://elpais.com/deportes/2018/03/16/actualidad/1521201089_228141.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ushindani tarehe 11 Septemba kwenye ushindi wa 6–0 dhidi ya Kroatia katika mashindano ya UEFA Nations League.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://resultados.as.com/resultados/futbol/nations_league/2018_2019/directo/ligaa_4_2_239030/|title= España 6–0 Croacia: resultado, resumen y goles|website=AS|date= 23 December 2021|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> Alikuwa muhimili mkubwa katika kuifanya timu ya taifa ya [[Hispania]] kutwaa mataji ya UEFA Nations League (2023), UEFA Euro 2024, pamoja na [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]. Katika mafanikio hayo, Rodri alishinda tuzo ya Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano kwenye Euro 2024 na pia kwenye Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026. == Tuzo na mafanikio == [[File:Pau Cubarsi Rodri Unai Simon Argentina v Spain 19 July 2026-299 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright| Rodri akiwa na tuzo ya mchezaji bora wa mashindano ya [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA 2026]]]] === Atlético Madrid === * UEFA Super Cup: 2018 === Manchester City === * [[Ligi Kuu Uingereza (EPL)|Ligi Kuu ya Uingereza (EPL)]]: 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24 * FA Cup: 2022–23 * EFL Cup: 2019–20, 2020–21 * Ngao ya jamii: 2019 * Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya (UEFA): 2022–23 * UEFA Super Cup: 2023 * [[Kombe la Dunia la Klabu ya FIFA|Kombe la Dunia la Klabu la FIFA]]: 2023 === Hispania U19 === * UEFA Euro U-19: 2015 === Hispania === * UEFA Euro 2024 * UEFA Nations League: 2022–23 * [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA|Kombe la Dnunia la FIFA]]: 2026 === Binafsi === * Mshindi wa Ballon d'Or: 2024<ref>{{cite news |date=28 October 2024 |title=Ballon d'Or 2024: Manchester City and Spain midfielder Rodri wins first award |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/articles/ce8yevg34v1o |access-date=29 October 2024 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Kombe la Dunia la FIFA (Mpira wa Dhahabu): 2026<ref>{{Citation|last=Imber|first=Leon|title=Spain’s Rodri wins World Cup Golden Ball as Pau Cubarsi, Unai Simon also collect awards|date=2026-07-20|url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7456332/2026/07/19/world-cup-golden-ball-glove-boot-spain/|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-08-11}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Euro (UEFA): 2024<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Season 2024 {{!}} UEFA EURO 2024|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefaeuro/history/seasons/2024/|work=UEFA.com|accessdate=2026-08-11|language=en|author=UEFA.com}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu wa Ligi ya Mabingwa Ulaya (UEFA): 2022–23<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0282-183b473eaf28-b2fde4465718-1000--player-of-the-season-rodri/ |title=Rodri named 2022/23 UEFA Champions League Player of the Season |publisher=UEFA |date=11 June 2023 |access-date=12 June 2023}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Mashindano ya Ligi ya Mataifa ya Ulaya (UEFA): 2023<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Rodri named 2023 UEFA Nations League Player of the Finals {{!}} UEFA Nations League 2023|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefanationsleague/news/0282-1849de0ccdfe-e28eb8d71909-1000--rodri-named-2023-uefa-nations-league-player-of-the-finals/|work=UEFA.com|date=2023-06-18|accessdate=2026-08-11|language=en|author=UEFA.com}}</ref> * Mchezaji Bora wa Kombe la Dunia la Klabu la FIFA (Mpira wa Dhahabu): 2023<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/fifa-club-world-cup/saudi-arabia-2023/articles/award-winners-revealed-manchester-city-rodri-walker-arias|work=www.fifa.com|accessdate=2026-08-11}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Washindi wa tuzo ya Ballon d'Or]] qvvcoso0aciiy9qv6hxqm1yi7sr0gzw 0 244248 1614032 1586043 2026-11-05T20:58:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614032 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanessa Morgan Mziray''' (aliyezaliwa [[23 Machi]], [[1992]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa nafasi zake kama Beatrix "Bird" Castro katika mfululizo wa tamthilia za vijana wa MTV 'Finding Carter', Amanda Pierce katika mfululizo wa vichekesho vya vijana wa Family Channel (Canadian TV network)''The Latest Buzz'', na Sarah katika filamu ya Disney Channel / Teletoon ''My Babysitter's a Vampire'' pamoja na mfululizo wa televisheni wa My Babysitter's a Vampire (TV series). Kuanzia mwaka 2017 hadi 2023, alicheza nafasi ya Toni Topaz katika mfululizo wa tamthilia za vijana wa the CW ''Riverdale (American TV series)''. ==Maisha ya awali== Morgan alizaliwa [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]].<ref name=flare>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.flare.com/celebrity/vanessa-morgan-in-riverdale/ |title=Guess Which Riverdale Star Vanessa Morgan Hopes Her Character Dates |first=Jennifer |last=Berry |magazine=[[Flare (magazine)|Flare]] |date=August 31, 2017 |publisher=Rogers Communications |access-date=June 22, 2020 |archive-date=December 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216225816/http://www.flare.com/celebrity/vanessa-morgan-in-riverdale/ |url-status=dead |quote=She's an Ottawa native. Vanessa was born and raised in O-town...}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1992|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] p586ilkksjy192hq80q5fk6hcs9xw0y 0 244615 1613986 1586712 2026-11-05T20:05:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Sophie Nélisse''' (amezaliwa [[27 Machi]], [[2000]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kanada]]. Alifanya uigizaji wake wa kwanza katika [[filamu]] ya drama ya [[lugha ya Kifaransa]] ''Monsieur Lazhar'' (2011), ambayo ilimletea ushindi wa Genie Award katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike wa Msaidizi.<ref name="WPL">{{cite web |title=Sophie Nélisse |url=https://www.windsorpubliclibrary.com/?page_id=33881 |website=Windsor Public Library |quote=Sophie (Marie-Sophie) Nélisse was born in Windsor on March 27, 2000 into a family of French-Canadian descent. |access-date=May 3, 2022 |archive-date=October 17, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017070529/https://windsorpubliclibrary.com/?page_id=33881 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Monitor|newspaper=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|date=Jun 1–9, 2012|issue=1209/1210|page=35}}</ref><ref name=RisingStar>{{cite news |url=https://windsorstar.com/entertainment/movies/windsor-born-sophie-nelisse-a-rising-star-at-tiff-and-beyond |agency=The Canadian Press |newspaper=Windsor Star |title=Windsor-born Sophie Nelisse a Rising Star at TIFF and beyond |author=Victoria Ahearn |date=September 3, 2016 |access-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-date=October 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012233106/http://windsorstar.com/entertainment/movies/windsor-born-sophie-nelisse-a-rising-star-at-tiff-and-beyond |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|2000|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 4z70peow465w4n57wkw3tqjo0uwge9b 0 244727 1613890 1587022 2026-11-05T17:56:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613890 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nina Petronzio''' (amezaliwa [[15 Oktoba]], [[1979]]) ni mbunifu wa mambo ya ndani na samani mwenye uraia wa [[Kanada]] na [[Marekani]], pamoja na kuwa [[mwigizaji]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa tasnia wa ASID, anajulikana zaidi kwa ubunifu wake wa hali ya juu wa mambo ya ndani wa mtindo wa Transitional style, pamoja na mstari wake wa samani unaoitwa Plush Home.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.inspiredhighendinteriordesign.com/contributors.html |title=Inspired High End Design by Shane Reilly, Schiffer Books |access-date=10 February 2009 |archive-date=23 February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223020854/http://www.inspiredhighendinteriordesign.com/contributors.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0151593.html |title=InfoPlease |access-date=10 February 2009 |archive-date=8 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208050655/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0151593.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Utoto== Nina Petronzio alizaliwa Victoria County, [[Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]], kwa wazazi wasanii kutoka [[New York City|New York]] ambao walivutiwa kuanzisha kiwanda cha sanaa baada ya baba yake, mchongaji wa [[bronze]] Robertino Petronzio, kurejea kutoka masomo yake katika Accademia di Belle Arti Firenze huko [[Florence]], [[Italy]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6uzt746jtmv6a1fu977h7s2bu3kbeit 0 244994 1613818 1587550 2026-11-05T16:02:23Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marci Ien''' (amezaliwa [[1969]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Kanada]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa zamani aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Waziri wa Wanawake, Usawa wa Kijinsia na [[Vijana]] kuanzia 2021 hadi 2025. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Liberal, Ien aliwakilisha Toronto Centre (federal electoral district) katika Bunge la Kanada kuanzia 2020 hadi 2025. Hapo awali, alikuwa [[mwandishi wa habari]] wa utangazaji katika CTV Television Network.<ref name="dash">{{cite web |last1=Rushowy |first1=Kristin |title=Canada AM host Marci Ien inspired to call son Dash thanks to her own father's motivational story |url=https://www.thestar.com/life/parent/2012/11/23/canada_am_host_marci_ien_inspired_to_call_son_dash_thanks_to_her_own_fathers_motivational_story.html |website=thestar.com |language=en |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=4 September 2017 |archive-date=18 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318054649/https://www.thestar.com/life/parent/2012/11/23/canada_am_host_marci_ien_inspired_to_call_son_dash_thanks_to_her_own_fathers_motivational_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Former 'Canada AM' host Marci Ien new co-host of 'The Social' {{!}} Toronto Sun |work=torontosun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2017/03/29/former-canada-am-host-marci-ien-new-co-host-of-the-social |language=en-CA |date=29 March 2017 |access-date=6 June 2017 |archive-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613225359/http://www.torontosun.com/2017/03/29/former-canada-am-host-marci-ien-new-co-host-of-the-social |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] e78onzc41k3c5vlxkth025u5izid9t9 0 245247 1613985 1588011 2026-11-05T20:05:11Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophia Reid-Gantzert''' (amezaliwa [[18 Januari]], [[2010]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mcheza dansi wa [[Kanada]]. Alianza kucheza dansi akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili na alishinda mashindano nchini [[Austria]] akiwa na umri wa miaka sita. Mwaka 2017, alianza kazi ya uigizaji katika filamu ya televisheni ''The Sweetest Christmas''. Reid-Gantzert alipokea sifa kutoka kwa wakosoaji kwa uigizaji wake kama Karen Brewer katika mfululizo wa [[Netflix]] ''The Baby-Sitters Club (2020 TV series)'' (2020–2021). Baadaye alicheza nafasi kuu katika mfululizo wa vichekesho ''Scaredy Cats'' (2021) na filamu ya ujana ''Popular Theory'' (2024). ==Maisha ya awali== Sophia Reid-Gantzert alizaliwa tarehe 18 Januari 2010.<ref name="Paste">{{cite web |title=The 21 Best TV Performances of 2020 |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/tv/best-tv-actors-performances-2020/ |website=[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]] |access-date=October 8, 2021 |language=en |date=December 14, 2020 |archive-date=October 8, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008043028/https://www.pastemagazine.com/tv/best-tv-actors-performances-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|2010|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] fhaj5298rfk63whbnhc962c5f0upx3l 0 246262 1613836 1589933 2026-11-05T16:15:56Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marÿke Hendrikse''' (amezaliwa [[23 Februari]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa sauti wa [[Kanada]] aliyezaliwa [[Bahamas]]. Ameigiza majukumu kadhaa katika anime, hasa Revy (Black Lagoon) katika ''Black Lagoon'' na Lunamaria Hawke katika ''Gundam Seed Destiny''. Pia anajulikana kwa majukumu yake kama Susan Test katika ''Johnny Test'', Gilda katika ''My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic'', Sonata Dusk katika ''My Little Pony: Equestria Girls'' na Yasmin katika mfululizo wa ''Bratz''. ==Historia== Maryke alizaliwa Bahamas kabla ya kuhamia Kanada akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili na nusu, na kuishi [[Toronto]]. Alikuwa mhitimu wa kwanza wa programu ya shule ya sekondari ya njia mbadala ya Interact.<ref>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920025241/http://www.animeevolution.com/?page_id=19|url=http://www.animeevolution.com/?page_id=19|title=Anime Evolution - Guests 2008|archivedate=2008-09-20|date=2008-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toonarific.com/interview.php?interview_id=26|title=Toonarific Interviews - Maryke Hendrikse|accessdate=2011-04-10|date=2005-04-28|publisher=Toonarific|archive-date=November 18, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118003414/http://www.toonarific.com/interview.php?interview_id=26|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1979|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] rss5qjpmnmcksdrzvz0mvfj8rowqxid 0 246683 1613845 1590721 2026-11-05T16:30:42Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mia Evonne Uyeda''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], mwandishi wa safu za magazetini na VJ wa [[Kanada]]. Alipata umaarufu nchini [[India]] kama mwanamitindo wa Kingfisher Calendar na baadaye kama VJ katika vipindi kama ''Saturday Night Shuffle'' cha MTV India. ==Maisha ya awali== Mia Uyeda alizaliwa tarehe 25 Mei 1980 huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], Kanada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gqindia.com/content/mia-uyeda |title=Mia Uyeda |publisher=GQ India |date=2010-02-08 |accessdate=2013-03-18 |archive-date=22 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322150321/http://www.gqindia.com/content/mia-uyeda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/redhot/family-not-upset-with-leaked-video-mia-uyeda_107695.htm |title=Family not upset with leaked video: Mia Uyeda |publisher=Zeenews.india.com |accessdate=2013-03-18 |archive-date=18 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418191124/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/redhot/family-not-upset-with-leaked-video-mia-uyeda_107695.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-mia-uyeda/20120327.htm#3 |title=Blood Money has a lot more than just skin show |work=Rediff.com |date=2012-03-27 |accessdate=2013-03-18 |archive-date=27 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427065902/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-interview-with-mia-uyeda/20120327.htm#3 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7rfrk6a1drad7r0kd6lc0bvstjsj50r 0 248168 1614057 1594024 2026-11-05T21:25:57Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614057 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yvonne Chapman''' (alizaliwa [[7 Oktoba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa nafasi yake ya mhusika mwovu Zhilan Zhang katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Kung Fu (2021 TV series)'' (2021–2023) cha The CW, na Lt. Col. Jessalyn Helmsworth katika ''Armorsaurs'' (2025–sasa).<ref name=2019Interview>{{cite web |title=Yvonne Chapman Stars In Street Legal And Is All Calgary Can Talk About |url=https://www.imherewithmag.com/post/yvonne-chapman-stars-in-street-legal-and-is-all-calgary-can-talk-about |website=I'm Here With Magazine |access-date=28 May 2022 |date=March 25, 2019 |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127104916/https://www.imherewithmag.com/post/yvonne-chapman-stars-in-street-legal-and-is-all-calgary-can-talk-about |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Oriental Daily Article |url=https://orientaldaily.on.cc/archive/20070121/ent/ent_a52cnt.html |website=Oriental Daily |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1988|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] f88nolfpc9093zurmo6iq043h9yfksd 0 248221 1613793 1593778 2026-11-05T14:43:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzuki Spacia''' ni [[kei car|gari la kei]] linalotengenezwa na [[Suzuki]]. Lilikuwa badala ya [[Suzuki Palette]], ambayo ilisitishwa uzalishaji mwezi Februari 2013. Limeboreshwa katika ufanisi wa matumizi ya mafuta, ni jepesi zaidi na lina kabini kubwa zaidi kuliko mtangulizi wake. Gari hilo pia hutolewa kwa [[Mazda]] kama '''Mazda Flair Wagon'''. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Suzuki]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] i5a3nol1ll7088mm3mwv3cxh21h54ew 0 248222 1613787 1593780 2026-11-05T14:40:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitsubishi Delica Mini''' ([[Kijapani]]: 三菱・デリカミニ, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Mitsubishi Derika Mini'') ni [[kei car|gari la kei]] lililotengenezwa na [[NMKV]], ubia kati ya [[Nissan]] na [[Mitsubishi Motors]]. Likitumia jina la Delica na kuchukua nafasi ya [[Mitsubishi eK Space|eK X Space]], ambalo pia lilikuwa msingi wake, liliuzwa kuanzia Mei 2023 kama toleo la kei la mfululizo wa Delica. Lililotangazwa mwishoni mwa mwaka 2022, Delica Mini liliuzwa kuanzia Mei 2023, sanjari na maadhimisho ya miaka 55 tangu kuzinduliwa kwa Delica ya kwanza. Mitsubishi ilikuwa imefikiria kuliita gari hilo "Delica D:1" kama mwendelezo wa modeli kubwa za [[Mitsubishi Delica|Delica D:5]], [[Nissan NV200|D:3]], na [[Suzuki Solio|D:2]], lakini mwishowe ilichagua jina "Delica Mini" ili kuliunganisha na [[Mitsubishi Pajero Mini|Pajero Mini]] iliyofanikiwa sana. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Mitsubishi]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] pvyfpt73qrxue8b198qprl44i005ggp 0 248224 1613788 1593784 2026-11-05T14:41:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mitsubishi Town Box''' ni [[kei car|gari la kei]] (Town Box) na [[minivan]] (Town Box Wide) zilizotengenezwa kwa ajili ya soko la ndani la Japan na mtengenezaji wa magari wa Kijapani [[Mitsubishi Motors]]. Awali lilipatikana likiwa na injini ya silinda nne zilizopangwa mstari ya [[Mitsubishi 4A3 engine|4A30]] yenye ujazo wa 657 cc na kichwa cha silinda cha [[alloy|aloi]], lakini lilibadilishwa na injini ya silinda tatu zilizopangwa mstari ya [[Mitsubishi 3G8 engine|3G83]] yenye ujazo wa 659 cc mwaka 2002. Kuanzia Juni 1999 hadi Agosti 2001, toleo kubwa kidogo la gari hilo hilo lililoendeshwa na injini ya silinda nne zilizopangwa mstari ya [[Mitsubishi 4A3 engine|4A31]] yenye ujazo wa lita 1.1, Mitsubishi Town Box Wide, pia lilipatikana. Town Box ya kizazi cha kwanza ilisitiswa uzalishaji mwezi Novemba 2011, na kumaliza kipindi cha uzalishaji cha miaka kumi na miwili. Jina hilo lilirejea mwezi Februari 2014 kwenye toleo lenye chapa iliyobadilishwa la [[Suzuki Every|Suzuki Every Wagon]]. Town Box ya kizazi cha kwanza pia iliuzwa nchini [[Japan]] kama [[Nissan Clipper|'''Nissan Clipper Rio''']], huku Town Box Wide pia ikitengenezwa kwa leseni nchini [[Malaysia]] kama [[Proton Juara]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Mitsubishi]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Minivan]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] j8ua6y9w6on92p5sl2adgg5yttkl52a 0 248297 1613789 1593979 2026-11-05T14:41:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Subaru Pleo''' ni [[kei car|gari la kei]] lililouzwa na mtengenezaji wa magari wa [[Japan]] [[Subaru]] kuanzia mwaka 1998 hadi 2018. Pleo ni refu zaidi kuliko [[kei car|magari ya kei]] ya kawaida yenye [[Hatchback|mwili wa hatchback]], lakini ni fupi kuliko [[microvan|microvan]] inayotambulika zaidi, [[Suzuki Wagon R]], na lilipatikana na chaguo mbalimbali za injini za silinda nne zilizopangwa mstari ([[Straight-4|I4]]) zenye ujazo wa 658 cc: [[SOHC]], [[DOHC]], na injini yenye [[Supercharger|supercharger]], katika viwango viwili tofauti vya vifaa. Lilishindana na [[Honda Life]], [[Daihatsu Move]], na [[Mitsubishi Toppo]] katika kundi la [[Station wagon|magari marefu]] ya [[kei car|magari ya kei]] nchini Japan. Jina ''[[pleo]]'' ni neno la [[Kilatini]] linalomaanisha "kujaza" au "kutimiza". == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Subaru]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] 5ksp2zxk2hz2knn71ka1g47huea5j2l 0 248302 1613790 1593984 2026-11-05T14:42:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzuki Every''' ({{lang-ja|スズキ・エブリイ}}, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: ''Suzuki Eburī'') ni [[microvan]] inayotengenezwa na mtengenezaji wa magari wa Japan [[Suzuki]]. Nchini [[Japan]], Every ni [[kei car|gari la kei]], lakini Suzuki Every Plus, ambalo ni toleo kubwa zaidi la Every, lilikuwa na [[hood|boneti]] ndefu zaidi kwa madhumuni ya usalama pamoja na injini kubwa zaidi; pia kulikuwa na matoleo na derivatives kwa ajili ya masoko ya nje. Tangu mwaka 1999, jina la modeli limegawanywa, ambapo magari ya kibiashara huitwa '''Every''' na magari ya abiria huitwa '''Every Wagon'''. Kuanzia kizazi cha tano, Every ilianza kutumia muundo tofauti kabisa. Kulingana na Suzuki, jina la Every linamaanisha "popote". == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Suzuki]] [[Jamii:Microvan]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] [[Jamii:Magari ya kibiashara]] trb5ekx654rsvyic4fj16wnpxro0v9b 0 248303 1613792 1593985 2026-11-05T14:42:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzuki Palette''' ni [[kei car|gari la kei]] lililotengenezwa na [[Suzuki]] kuanzia Januari 2008 hadi Februari 2013. Suzuki Palette lina milango miwili ya nyuma ya [[sliding door (car)|kuteleza]], na lilishindana moja kwa moja na [[Daihatsu Tanto]]. Mwaka 2009, modeli za Suzuki Palette S zenye kiwango cha juu cha vifaa zilibadilishwa na '''Suzuki Palette SW''', ambayo muundo wake wa mbele ulioboreshwa uliwekwa ili kushindana vizuri zaidi na [[Daihatsu Tanto Custom]]. Tangu kuongezwa kwa SW, aina mbalimbali za Suzuki Palette kwa ujumla zilifanya vizuri katika chati za mauzo. Tarehe 1 Desemba 2009, '''Nissan Roox''' ilizinduliwa, ikiwa toleo la [[OEM]] la Suzuki Palette ambalo lilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika [[Tokyo Motor Show]] ya mwaka 2009. Nissan Roox Highway Star ni Suzuki Palette SW iliyobadilishwa chapa. Tarehe 26 Juni 2012, '''Mazda Flair Wagon''' ilizinduliwa, ikiwa toleo jingine la Palette lililotengenezwa chini ya [[OEM]]. Palette ilibadilishwa mwezi Februari 2013 na [[Suzuki Spacia]], huku [[Mazda Flair]] Wagon mpya inayolingana ikizinduliwa wakati huohuo. Nissan Roox ilisitiswa na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na [[Nissan Dayz Roox]], modeli mpya iliyobuniwa kwa pamoja na [[Mitsubishi Motors]]. Mwaka 2020, jina la modeli '''Roox''' lilirejea kama mbadala wa Dayz Roox. Roox mpya imetokana na kizazi cha pili cha [[Mitsubishi eK|eK Space]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Magari ya Suzuki]] [[Jamii:magari ya kei]] [[Jamii:Magari ya Japani]] nwpqho0fwd5f9qqhxpir07gdwmt9jn0 0 248491 1613798 1594526 2026-11-05T15:19:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lukas Henrik Lundin''' ( [[3 Julai]] [[1958]] – [[26 Julai]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] nchini [[Uswidi]] na [[Kanada]], mwenye makao yake [[Geneva]], [[Uswizi]]. Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Lundin Mining, Denison Mines, Lucara Diamond, NGEx Resources Inc, Lundin Gold Inc, Lundin Foundation, na Vostok Gas. Pia alikuwa mmiliki wa jahazi la kifahari lenye thamani ya dola milioni 100, Savannah. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Lukas Lundin alizaliwa mwaka 1958, mtoto wa Adolf H. Lundin, mwanzilishi wa Lundin Mining na Lundin Petroleum. Alihitimu kutoka Taasisi ya Madini na Teknolojia ya New Mexico mwaka 1981.<ref name="lundin-petroleum1">{{cite web |url=https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |title=Lukas Lundin – Lundin Petroleum Board of directors |website=Lundin-petroleum.com |access-date=18 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325232934/https://www.lundin-petroleum.com/eng/board_director_lhl.php |archive-date=25 March 2016 }}</ref> == Kazi == Lundin alikuwa akisimamia shughuli za mafuta na gesi za International Petroleum Corporation mwaka 1982, mwenye makao yake [[Dubai]]. Kuanzia 1990 hadi 1995, alikuwa rais wa International Musto Exploration Limited, ambako alikuwa na jukumu la kupata amana ya Bajo de la Alumbrera, katika ununuzi wa dola milioni 500. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Watu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] 9mrgp81wqof7oxzfih6i5545eslmedf 0 249248 1613905 1596071 2026-11-05T18:25:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paola Vega Castillo''' ni Waziri wa Sayansi, Ubunifu, Teknolojia na Mawasiliano wa [[Costa Rica]]. Kabla ya kuteuliwa kwake kuwa Waziri wa Sayansi, Ubunifu, Teknolojia na Mawasiliano mnamo Juni 2020, Vega Castillo alikuwa katika wizara hiyo hiyo kama Naibu waziri wa sayansi na teknolojia kuanzia mei 2018.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-01-19|title=Ministra de Ciencia, Innovación, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones|url=https://www.micitt.go.cr/micitt/jerarcas/ministra-ciencia-innovacion-tecnologia-y-telecomunicaciones|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119114847/https://www.micitt.go.cr/micitt/jerarcas/ministra-ciencia-innovacion-tecnologia-y-telecomunicaciones|archive-date=2022-01-19|access-date=2022-01-19|website=MICITT}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica|url=https://www.presidencia.go.cr/comunicados/2021/11/costa-rica-firma-memorandos-de-entendimiento-con-corea-en-temas-cientificos-gobierno-digital-y-ciberseguridad/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120085613/https://www.presidencia.go.cr/comunicados/tag/paola-vega-castillo/|archive-date=2022-01-20|access-date=2022-01-20|website=Presidencia de la República de Costa Rica|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Paola Vega-Castillo|url=https://www.accesspartnership.com/authors/paola-vega-castillo/|access-date=2022-01-19|website=Access Partnership|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Dr. Paola Vega-Castillo - Costa Rica's Minister of Science, Technology and Telecom - Bio-Economy| date=15 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Y6qghrajbw|language=en|access-date=2022-01-20}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[jamii:Wanasiasa wa Kosta Rika]] [[jamii:watu walio hai]] 3r5ayulbkbmp5b2dom7nnqbuo2rf5e2 0 249347 1613910 1596639 2026-11-05T18:29:36Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Stephan Kluivert''' (alizaliwa [[1 Julai]] [[1976]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Uholanzi]] na meneja. Alichezea Ajax, [[A.C. Milan|AC Milan]], [[FC Barcelona|Barcelona]], [[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]], na timu ya taifa ya Uholanzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Patrick Kluivert |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/history/players/player=15471/ |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.uefa.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.premierleague.com/players/2757/Patrick-Kluivert/overview | title = Overview: Patrick Kluivert | publisher = Premier League | access-date = 26 October 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Profile">{{cite web |title=Patrick Kluivert:Profile |url=http://www.eurosport.com/football/patrick-kluivert_prs262/person.shtml |website=Eurosport.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214095709/https://www.eurosport.com/football/patrick-kluivert_prs262/person.shtml |archivedate=2024-12-14 |accessdate=2026-09-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=5 December 2017 |title=Kluivert alaba a Valverde &#124; Barça |url=https://www.mundodeportivo.com/futbol/fc-barcelona/20171205/433433026340/kluivert-alaba-a-valverde-ha-creado-un-bloque-muy-organizado.html |website=Mundo Deportivo}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Patrick Kluivert alizaliwa tarehe 1 Julai 1976 huko [[Amsterdam]], Uholanzi. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Ajax. == Kazi ya Klabu == === Ajax (1994–1997) === Kluivert alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Ajax mwaka [[1994]]. Akiwa Ajax, alishinda Eredivisie mara mbili ([[1995]], [[1996]]) na UEFA Champions League mwaka [[1995]]. Alifunga bao la ushindi katika fainali ya UEFA Champions League mwaka [[1995]] dhidi ya A.C. Milan.<ref name="thesefootball">{{cite news|url=http://thesefootballtimes.co/2016/03/06/patrick-kluivert-and-a-lesson-in-scoring-goals/|title=Patrick Kluivert and a lesson in scoring goals|date=3 June 2016|work=These Football Times}}</ref> === AC Milan (1997–1998) === Mwaka [[1997]], Kluivert alihamia A.C. Milan, lakini hakuweza kufanikiwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nu.nl/voetbal/2794312/kluivert-kampioen-met-jong-fc-twente.html |title=Kluivert kampioen met Jong FC Twente |publisher=NU.nl|date=23 April 2012 |access-date=24 March 2015}}</ref> === Barcelona (1998–2004) === Mwaka [[1998]], Kluivert alihamia FC Barcelona. Akiwa Barcelona, alikua mmoja wa washambuliaji bora wa La Liga. Alifunga mabao 122 katika mechi 257.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/445-kluivert-patrick-stephan-kluivert |title=Kluivert |publisher=FC Barcelona |access-date=8 February 2025 |archive-date=2025-01-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114230526/https://players.fcbarcelona.com/en/player/445-kluivert-patrick-stephan-kluivert |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Newcastle United na Ustaafu (2004–2008) === Kluivert alichezea Newcastle United F.C. na klabu nyingine kabla ya kustaafu mwaka [[2008]].<ref name=Newcastle>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/3907833.stm|title=Kluivert joins Newcastle|date=21 July 2004 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Kluivert alichezea timu ya taifa ya Uholanzi mechi 79 kati ya [[1994]] na [[2004]], akifunga mabao 40. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[1998]] na Ubingwa wa Ulaya wa UEFA wa [[1996]], [[2000]], na [[2004]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Netherlands vs Czech Republic|url=http://EU-Football.info|access-date=18 June 2014}}</ref> == Kazi ya Uongozi == Baada ya kustaafu, Kluivert alikua kocha msaidizi wa timu ya taifa ya Uholanzi na meneja wa klabu kadhaa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uholanzi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bblkcvddnwlvf9gd4a2vdk66r2lhap4 0 249652 1613856 1596825 2026-11-05T17:08:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613856 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Monica F. Helms''' (amezaliwa [[8 Machi]], [[1951]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa watu waliobadili jinsia, [[mwandishi]], na mwanajeshi mkongwe wa Jeshi la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]], aliyeunda bendera maarufu zaidi ya watu waliobadili jinsia.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2021-06-10 |title=Monica Helms: Creator of the Transgender Flag – VA News |url=https://news.va.gov/90051/monica-helms-creator-transgender-flag/ |access-date=2022-10-09 |website=news.va.gov |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009152531/https://news.va.gov/90051/monica-helms-creator-transgender-flag/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Saunders">{{cite web |url=https://creativeloafing.com/content-198674-first-person---monica-helms-transsexual-navy |title=Monica Helms, transsexual Navy veteran |last=Saunders |first=Patrick |date=5 October 2009 |website=Creative Loafing |access-date=17 June 2016 |archive-date=8 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708183532/https://creativeloafing.com/content-198674-first-person---monica-helms-transsexual-navy |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] j11x59ze8zlxqcoonhyvvx8gwjboj47 0 250392 1613998 1598450 2026-11-05T20:16:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613998 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tal Ben Haim''' (alizaliwa [[31 Machi]] [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu nchini [[Israeli]]. Alichezea Maccabi Tel Aviv, [[Bolton Wanderers F.C.|Bolton Wanderers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]], [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]], [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]], [[Queens Park Rangers F.C.|Queens Park Rangers]], [[Standard Liège]], Charlton Athletic, Maccabi Tel Aviv, na timu ya taifa ya Israeli.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tal Ben Haim |url=https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=36281 |access-date=20 August 2025 |website=www.soccerbase.com}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Tal+Ben+Haim+I/Chelsea+FC+v+Maccabi+Tel+Aviv+FC+UEFA+Champions/ZZvmGb4i_UF|title=Tal Ben Haim I Photos Photos: Chelsea FC v Maccabi Tel-Aviv FC - UEFA Champions League|website=Zimbio}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Tal Ben Haim alizaliwa tarehe 31 Machi 1982 huko [[Rishon LeZion]], Israeli. Alianza kucheza soka akiwa na umri mdogo, akijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Maccabi Tel Aviv.<ref>{{cite web|date=24 May 2023|title=Top Israelis to Play in Europe|url=https://footballexpress.co.uk/top-israelis-to-play-in-europe/|website=FootballExpress.co.uk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523235555/https://footballexpress.co.uk/top-israelis-to-play-in-europe/|archivedate=2023-05-23|accessdate=2026-09-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kazi ya Klabu == === Bolton Wanderers (2004–2007) === Ben Haim alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza kwa Bolton Wanderers F.C. [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2004]]. === Chelsea (2007–2008) === Mwaka [[2007]], Ben Haim alihamia Chelsea F.C. Akiwa Chelsea, alishinda Kombe la League mwaka [[2008]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/4221107.stm|title=Bolton 3–1 Tottenham|publisher=BBC |date=1 February 2005 |access-date=1 September 2009}}</ref> === Manchester City, Sunderland, Portsmouth, na Queens Park Rangers (2008–2015) === Ben Haim alichezea klabu kadhaa [[Uingereza]].<ref name="Tal Ben Haim hit with £80,000 Chelsea fine">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/2297590/Tal-Ben-Haim-hit-with-80000-Chelsea-fine.html|title=Tal Ben Haim hit with £80,000 Chelsea fine|last=Caroe|first=Charlie |author2=agencies |date=17 April 2008|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London|access-date=30 July 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/tal-ben-haim-signs-for-manchester-city-881046.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220526/https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/transfers/tal-ben-haim-signs-for-manchester-city-881046.html |archive-date=26 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Tal Ben Haim signs for Manchester City |date=30 July 2008 |access-date=30 July 2008 |work=The Independent | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Ben Haim makes Torres claim|url=http://www1.skysports.com/football/news/11095/5790238/|publisher=Sky Sports|date=20 December 2009|access-date=25 April 2012}}</ref> === Maccabi Tel Aviv (2015–sasa) === Ben Haim alichezea Maccabi Tel Aviv [[Israeli]]. == Timu ya Taifa == Ben Haim alichezea timu ya taifa ya Israeli mechi zaidi ya 90 kati ya [[2002]] na sasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/isra-intlp-ben-haim.html |title= Tal Ben-Haim International Games and Goals |date= 14 February 2011 |access-date=3 August 2010 | first = Yaniv |website=[[RSSSF]] | last = Bleicher}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Israeli]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] gmmj9hpshv9e8bqxqsso7xw9lcc4hip 0 250607 1613829 1598714 2026-11-05T16:11:03Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Person | jina = Mario Pizziolo | nchi = Italia | majina_mengine = | picha = Mario Pizziolo.jpg | ukubwawapicha = | maelezo_ya_picha = | jina_la_kuzaliwa = | tarehe_ya_kuzaliwa = {{birth date|1909|12|8|df=yes}} | mahala_pa_kuzaliwa = [[Castellammare Adriatico]], Italia | tarehe_ya_kufariki = {{Death date and age|1990|4|30|1909|12|7|df=yes}} | mahala_alipofia = [[Florence]], Italia | sababu_ya_kifariki = | anajulikana kwa = | kazi = Mchezaji na kocha wa mpira wa miguu | nafasi = Kiungo | mshahara = | kipindi = | alitanguliwa_na = | akafuatiwa_na = | chama = | bodi = | dhehebu = | dini = | ndoa = | miaka_ya_Upadri = | rafiki = | watoto = | mahusiano = | washauri_wa_Mwanzo = | tovuti = | maelezo = | mwajiri = | urefu = | uzito = }} '''Mario Pizziolo''' (8 Desemba 1909 – 30 Aprili 1990) alikuwa mchezaji na kocha wa mpira wa miguu kutoka nchini [[Italia]] aliyecheza kama kiungo wa kati au kiungo wa ulinzi. == Kazi ya klabu == Pizziolo alizaliwa mjini [[Castellammare Adriatico]], Mkoa wa Pescara.<ref name="abruzzo">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mario Pizziolo |url=http://portalecultura.egov.regione.abruzzo.it/abruzzocultura/data//portale/documenti/08_abruzzesi_illustri/sport/pizziolo_mario.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105124959/http://portalecultura.egov.regione.abruzzo.it/abruzzocultura/data//portale/documenti/08_abruzzesi_illustri/sport/pizziolo_mario.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2022 |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=[[Abruzzo|Regione Abruzzo]] |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name="enciclopedia">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Marchetti |first=Dario |title=Pizziolo Mario |url=http://www.enciclopediadelcalcio.it/Pizziolo.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826020742/http://www.enciclopediadelcalcio.it/Pizziolo.html |archive-date=26 August 2012 |access-date=26 August 2012 |website=Enciclopediadelcalcio.it |language=it}}</ref> Alianzia kazi yake ya soka katika timu za vijana za [[A.S. Livorno Calcio|Livorno]] na [[Ternana Calcio|Ternana]],<ref name="abruzzo" /> na baadaye alichezea timu ya wakubwa ya [[A.C. Pistoiese|Pistoiese]] (1925–1929),<ref name="abruzzo" /> kabla ya kujiunga na [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]], ambako alicheza kati ya mwaka 1929 na 1936, akicheza mechi 203 na kufunga mabao matatu katika mashindano yote. Alistaafu soka akiwa na umri wa miaka 27. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Pizziolo alicheza mechi 12 katika timu ya taifa ya Italia kati ya mwaka 1933 na 1934, akifunga bao moja.<ref name="convocazioni">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Convocazioni e presenze in campo: Mario Pizziolo |url=https://www.figc.it/it/nazionali/nazionali-in-cifre/dettaglio-convocato/?calciatoreId=43211&squadraId=12 |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio |language=it}}</ref> Alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi kilichotwaa ubingwa wa kombe la kimataifa la ulaya Kati la 1933–35,<ref name="convocazioni" /> na sehemu ya timu iliyotwaa ubingwa wa [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] mwaka 1934 katika ardhi ya nyumbani, ambapo alicheza mechi moja pekee, ambayo ilikuwa ya kwanza ya robo fainali dhidi ya [[Hispania]], na alipata jeraha kubwa la kuvunjika mguu baada ya kutoka sare ya 1–1 kufuatia muda wa nyongeza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fossati |first=Mario |date=17 June 1994 |title=Pane, regime e gol |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1994/06/17/pane-regime-gol.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> Hakucheza tena katika timu ya taifa ya Italia.Kwa kuwa Pizziolo hakuweza kucheza mechi zilizofuata au mchezo wa fainali, hakutunukiwa medali ya ubingwa hadi mwaka 1988, miaka miwili kabla ya kifo chake mjini [[Florence]], akiwa na umri wa miaka 80.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=1 May 1990 |title=Addio Pizziolo, campione vero |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1990/05/01/addio-pizziolo-campione-povero.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |website=la Repubblica |language=it}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1909]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Italia]] 01k4u3jm33v49sw7febudcg6lafde96 0 251192 1613964 1600834 2026-11-05T19:42:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613964 wikitext text/x-wiki '''John Paul Larkin''' ([[13 Machi]], [[1942]] – [[3 Desemba]], [[1999]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina la '''Scatman John''', alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Marekani]]. Akiwa mpiga piano mahiri wa [[jazz]] na [[mwimbaji]] kwa miongo kadhaa, alipata umaarufu mwaka 1994 kupitia mchanganyiko wake wa uimbaji wa scat na muziki wa [[dansi]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://scatmanjohn.com/biography/ | title=Biography – Scatman John | date=December 3, 2022}}</ref><ref name="waggott">{{cite book |last=Waggott |first=Gina |date=2026 |title=Scatman John: The Remarkable Story of the World's Unlikeliest Popstar |location=London |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |p=9 |isbn=979-8-8818-0707-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Egan |first=Andrew |date=January 24, 2017 |title=How Scatman John Got Over His Stutter |url=https://tedium.co/2017/01/24/scatman-john-stusuccess-story/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128210956/https://tedium.co/2017/01/24/scatman-john-stuttering-success-story/ |archive-date=Nov 28, 2022 |website=Tedium}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1942|1999}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 56wl0t1h5xwba2unuanbjpq9jtgm9g5 0 251194 1614033 1600837 2026-11-05T21:00:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614033 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Victor Sanz''' (alizaliwa [[13 Oktoba]], [[1973]]) ni msanii wa [[Marekani]] wa muziki wa country. Amerekodi albamu mbili za studio, zote zikiwa kwenye kampuni huru za kurekodi: ''Destination Unknown'' mwaka 2000 kupitia Gramac, na ''Hey Country'' mwaka 2005 kupitia kampuni yake mwenyewe ya West Coast Independent Records.<ref name="aboutfact">{{cite web |url=http://countrymusic.about.com/library/blvictorsanz.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010709192536/http://countrymusic.about.com/musicperform/countrymusic/library/blvictorsanz.htm |archivedate=July 9, 2001 |url-status=dead |title=Victor Sanz - Fact Sheet |accessdate=2008-11-25 |work=[[About.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/72288016/ | title=Victor Sanz: His destination is unknown | work=The Index Journal | date=November 12, 2000 | accessdate=July 18, 2022 | author=Paulette Flowers | pages=3C}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] h8da6eoc1s8w81zwcp2oh53zv9binxg 3 251390 1613673 1609822 2026-11-05T12:45:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613673 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Septemba 2026 (UTC) ==Marejeo== Tafadhali, usiweke marejeo yanayoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Haitakiwi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:26, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :sawa, ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:39, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :Habari Riccardo, :Nimeona nimezuiwa kuhariri Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa sababu ya “Viungo vya nje visivyotakiwa”. Ningependa kuelewa vizuri kosa nililofanya ili nisilirudie. :Naomba unisaidie kueleza ni viungo gani au aina gani ya viungo nilivyoweka vilivyosababisha kizuizi hiki. :Niko tayari kufuata kanuni za Wikipedia na kurekebisha makosa yangu. :Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::Mbona nilikueleza majuzi? Ulisema sawa, kumbe ukaendelea kurejelea Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Leo nimepoteza saa nyingi kurekebisha makala zako! Tumia muda wa zuio lako kupitia makala zako kwa kuona nilivyozisahihisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kunieleza na kwa kurekebisha makala nilizohariri. Nimeelewa kosa nililofanya kuhusu kuweka viungo vinavyoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Nitatumia muda huu kupitia marekebisho uliyofanya ili kujifunza na kuhakikisha sirudii kosa hili. Samahani kwa usumbufu na muda uliopoteza kurekebisha makala zangu. Asante kwa kunielekeza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::Safi sana, ingawa umetumia [[Maalum:Michango/Goodylady|akaunti ya pili]], ambayo kwa kawaida haikubaliki. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:34, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::samahani, mimi nina akaunti moja tu, sina nyingine na sijafanya chochote toka nizuiliwe '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:38, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::Nimeondoa zuio, lakini endelea kujifunza uhariri kwa kupitia masahihisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ahsante na ubarikiwe. :::::::Naamini nimeelewa na kuzingatia masahihisho '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Umezingatia kiasi, kwa sababu huwezi tena marejeo yoyote... Hata leo nimetumia masaa kurekebisha makala zako. Kumbuka: kadiri unavyokwenda kasi lazima ufanye vizuri, la sivyo unawatwisha wengine jukumu la kusahihisha. Kwa mfano, kurasa zote unaziweka kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-historia}}</nowiki>, kumbe zinahusu watu. Kama hujui kutofautisha watu kwa aina ya kazi zao, walau uweke <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki>. Pia ni rahisi kuweka kigezo cha mwaka wa kuzaliwa (B) na kufariki (D): kwa mfano kwa Nyerere unaweka <nowiki>{{BD|1922|1999}}</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 8 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::::ahsante Kwa maelekezo. :::::::::Nitayafanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:03, 8 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Hongera kwa kuboresha michango yako, ila usichoke kupitia masahihisho yangu ili uzidi kujifunza. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:55, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Ahsante, naendelea kupitia na kujifunza zaidi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 09:59, 14 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Tafadhali, soma kilichoandikwa siku hizi juu ya michango yako, la sivyo huenda ikafutwa yote. Taz. ukurasa wangu wa majadiliano na [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya]] --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:02, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::sawa '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 16:12, 20 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Unaendelea kutunga makala zenye vichwa vya Kiingereza!!! Tafadhali... --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:45, 5 Novemba 2026 (UTC) == Ombi la kuunga mkono mradi wa makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (WMF Rapid Fund) == Habari ndugu {{PAGENAME}}, Natumai u mzima. Naomba nafasi yako kidogo utupe mkono katika kufanikisha mradi mpya wa maudhui hapa Swahili Wikipedia. Nimeanzisha wazo la mradi kule Jumuiya ili kuomba ruzuku ya Rapid Fund kutoka Wikimedia Foundation (WMF). Lengo ni kuandaa warsha (workshop) na mashindano ya uandishi (Edit-a-thon) yatakayolenga kuziba pengo kubwa la makala za filamu na waigizaji wa Asia (hususan C-Dramas na K-Dramas), mada ambazo zina wasomaji wengi sana Afrika Mashariki lakini hazina maudhui ya kutosha kwa Kiswahili. Ili jopo la ruzuku la WMF lipitishe maombi haya ya fedha, wanahitaji kuona maridhiano (consensus) na kuungwa mkono na wanajumuia wetu wa Wikipedia ya Kiswahili. Tafhdali naomba upitie hapa katika ukurasa wa Jumuiya kutoa kura yako ya Kuunga Mkono au maoni yako: 👉 [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#Wazo la Mradi: Kuongeza Makala za Filamu na Waigizaji wa Asia (C-Dramas & K-Dramas)|Bofya hapa kushiriki na kuunga mkono]] Mchango wako wa sekunde chache utasaidia sana kuleta rasilimali zitakazokuza jamii yetu na kuongeza wahariri wapya. Shukrani sana. — '''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 10:43, 18 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) mtkqx1ryeeicc26kjsprnyzyluc9wd6 0 252291 1613941 1603425 2026-11-05T18:55:35Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613941 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renee Powell''' (alizaliwa [[4 Mei]], [[1946]]) ni mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa East Canton, [[Ohio]]. Alikua mwanamke wa pili wa Kiafrika kutoka [[Amerika]] kushiriki katika LPGA Tour. Alijiunga na LPGA Tour mwaka [[1967]] na alicheza hadi [[1980]]. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua mtaalamu mkuu wa Clearview Golf Club huko Ohio, klabu iliyoanzishwa na baba yake. Alipokea tuzo ya Bob Jones Award mwaka [[2012]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://lpgawomensnetwork.com/when-golf-was-beyond-hard-an-interview-with-trailblazer-renee-powell/|title=When Golf Was Beyond Hard: an Interview with Trailblazer Renee Powell|first=Susan|last=Fornoff|work=LPGA Women's Network|date=March 27, 2018|access-date=September 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924190513/https://lpgawomensnetwork.com/when-golf-was-beyond-hard-an-interview-with-trailblazer-renee-powell/|archive-date=September 24, 2018|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa gofu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] m94hq2fb17yysi3p7knh0nr27t835wk 0 252644 1613901 1606901 2026-11-05T18:11:15Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Orchestre Macchi | picha = | image_size = 220 | maelezo = Orchestre Macchi, bendi ya soukous kutoka Kinshasa. | background = group_or_band | chimbuko = [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | aina = [[Soukous]], [[muziki wa Kongo]], [[muziki wa Afrika]] | miaka ya kazi = 1973–sasa | studio = | ameshirikiana na = [[Dindo Yogo]], [[Lovy Longomba]], [[Théo Lolango]] }} '''Orchestre Macchi''' (pia hujulikana kama '''Les Macchis''') ni bendi ya [[soukous]] kutoka [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Bendi hii ilianzishwa mnamo mwaka 1973 na ilijizolea umaarufu kwa kutoa nyimbo za soukous na kuwa chuo cha kukuza wasanii mashuhuri wa Kongo kama vile [[Dindo Yogo]] na Lovy Longomba.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|title=Dindo Yogo|work=Ouragan.cd|date=18 Desemba 2024|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716011040/https://ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|archivedate=2024-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Historia == Orchestre Macchi ilianzishwa mwaka 1973 mjini Kinshasa. Bendi hii ilikuwa miongoni mwa bendi zilizosaidia kuendeleza na kusambaza mtindo wa soukous na kutoa fursa kwa wanamuziki chipukizi katika tasnia ya muziki wa Kongo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|title=Dindo Yogo|work=Ouragan.cd|date=18 Desemba 2024|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716011040/https://ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|archivedate=2024-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwimbaji [[Dindo Yogo]] alianza kazi yake ya muziki mwaka 1973 akiwa kijana mdogo, alipokuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Orchestre Macchi akishirikiana na Théo Lolango. Akiwa na bendi hiyo, Dindo Yogo alirekodi nyimbo kadhaa zilizopata mafanikio makubwa kama vile '''''Lola Muana''''' na '''''Koko Ozana Solo''''' kati ya mwaka 1973 na 1976.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|title=Dindo Yogo|work=Ouragan.cd|date=18 Desemba 2024|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716011040/https://ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo|archivedate=2024-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mwanamuziki Lovy Longomba pia alijiunga na Orchestre Macchi mnamo mwaka 1976 na kufanya kazi pamoja na Dindo Yogo kabla ya wote wawili kuhamia kwenye bendi nyingine za baadae.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://e-journal.info/w/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/0065.pdf|title=Gouvernement Ilunga 1 an déjà|work=E-Journal|date=Agosti 2020|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Wanamuziki == Wanamuziki mashuhuri waliowahi kufanya kazi na Orchestre Macchi ni pamoja na: * [[Dindo Yogo]] – mwimbaji na mwanzilishi * Lovy Longomba – mwimbaji * Théo Lolango – mwanzilishi * Nseka Biwela "Huit Kilos" – mpiga gitaa la solo<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://e-journal.info/w/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/0065.pdf|title=Gouvernement Ilunga 1 an déjà|work=E-Journal|date=Agosti 2020|accessdate=3 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> == Nyimbo maarufu == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Wimbo ! Mtunzi / Mwimbaji ! Mwaka |- | ''Lola Muana'' | Dindo Yogo | 1973–1976 |- | ''Koko Ozana Solo'' | Dindo Yogo | 1973–1976 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{Rejea tovuti |title=Dindo Yogo |url=https://www.ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo |work=Ouragan.cd |date=2024-12-18 |accessdate=2026-10-03 |language=fr |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240716011040/https://ouragan.cd/2024/07/dindo-yogo |archivedate=2024-07-16 |url-status=dead }} * {{Rejea tovuti |title=Orchestre Macchi |url=https://www.discogs.com/artist/2435490-Orchestre-Macchi |work=Discogs |accessdate=2026-10-03 |language=en }} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Bendi za Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa soukous]] h5z12od3y738bhaoz2jkjq5mrkq8to0 0 253466 1613886 1605713 2026-11-05T17:55:20Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613886 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicole Collins''' ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa wa [[Kanada]] ambaye kazi zake, zinazochukua mfumo wa [[uchoraji]], [[sanaa]] ya maonesho, [[video]] na [[sauti]], zinachunguza athari za muda, mkusanyiko, nguvu na joto kwenye nyenzo za mwili.<ref>"Nicole Collins." General Hardware Contemporary. 2015</ref>Kwa sasa anafundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha OCAD.<ref name=OCAD>{{cite web|title=Nicole Collins|url=http://apache.ocad.ca/faculty_biographies/bio.php?bid=1415&fac=art|website=OCAD University|publisher=Ontario College of Art and Design University|accessdate=8 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132512/http://apache.ocad.ca/faculty_biographies/bio.php?bid=1415&fac=art|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://generalhardware.ca/artists/nicole-collins/ |title=Nicole Collins &#124; generalhardware.ca |access-date=2018-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325045627/http://generalhardware.ca/artists/nicole-collins/ |archive-date=2018-03-25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] hh5xu20gxop1zo3vlspq6rasf2f0do6 0 253517 1613868 1608490 2026-11-05T17:37:04Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{tafsiri kompyuta}} {{Muziki maarufu}} {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #b0c4de; padding: 8px;" | Muhtasari wa Muziki wa Miaka ya 2000 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Muongo: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Miaka ya 2000]] (2000–2009) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mabadiliko ya Teknolojia: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ukuaji wa programu za kurekodisha kidijitali, iTunes Store, vifaa vya [[MP3]]/iPod, [[Auto-Tune]], na mitandao ya kushiriki muziki (P2P/Napster) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mitindo Mikuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Hip hop]], [[Contemporary R&B|R&B ya kisasa]], [[teen pop]], [[pop rock]], [[post-grunge]], [[nu metal]], [[crunk]], [[snap music]], [[indie rock]], [[electropop]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Wasanii Kinara wa Pop / R&B: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Usher (mwimbaji)|Usher]], [[Beyoncé]], [[Britney Spears]], [[Justin Timberlake]], [[Alicia Keys]], [[Christina Aguilera]], [[Rihanna]], [[Kelly Clarkson]], [[Madonna]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Wasanii Kinara wa Hip Hop: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Eminem]], [[50 Cent]], [[Jay-Z]], [[Kanye West]], [[Outkast]], [[Nelly]], [[Lil Wayne]], [[The Black Eyed Peas]], [[Snoop Dogg]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Albamu za Kihistoria: | style="padding: 3px;" | ''[[The Marshall Mathers LP]]'' (2000), ''[[The Blueprint]]'' (2001), ''[[Confessions (albamu ya Usher)|Confessions]]'' (2004), ''[[Speakerboxxx/The Love Below]]'' (2003), ''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin']]'' (2003), ''[[The College Dropout]]'' (2004), ''[[FutureSex/LoveSounds]]'' (2006) |} '''Muziki uliotamba sana katika miaka ya 2000''' uliona mwendelezo wa mitindo mbalimbali ya mwishoni mwa karne ya 20 kama [[rock]], [[pop]], [[hip hop]], [[R&B]], na [[country]]. Kadiri teknolojia ya kompyuta na mtandao ilivyokua, mitindo hii ilianza kuchanganyika na kuzaa mitindo mipya.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=2000–2004 Hip Hop by Nichele Washington, Kayla Ary, and Mikayla Reid |url=https://blackmusicscholar.com/2000-2004-hip-hip-by-nichele-washington-kayla-ary-and-mikayla-reid/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Black Music Scholar |language=en-US |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513043451/https://blackmusicscholar.com/2000-2004-hip-hip-by-nichele-washington-kayla-ary-and-mikayla-reid/ |archivedate=2023-05-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Umaarufu wa [[teen pop]] uliendelea kutoka miaka ya 1990 na wasanii kama [[*NSYNC]], [[Backstreet Boys]], [[Britney Spears]], na [[Christina Aguilera]] walitawala chati mwanzoni mwa muongo.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/77816/jacksons-invincible-to-debut-at-no-1#:~:text=%22Invincible%22%20is%20Jackson%27s%20first%20album%20of%20new%20material,fifth%20No.%201%20album%20as%20a%20solo%20artist.|title = Jackson's "Invincible" to Debut at No. 1|magazine = [[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date = November 7, 2001}}</ref> Wasanii wa [[pop music|muziki wa pop]] walioanza zamani kama [[Michael Jackson]] na [[Madonna]] walirudi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000 na albamu kama ''[[Invincible (Michael Jackson album)|Invincible]]'' na ''[[Music (Madonna album)|Music]]''. [[Contemporary R&B|R&B ya kisasa]] ilikuwa moja kati ya mitindo maarufu zaidi ya muongo (hasa mwanzoni na katikati mwa miaka ya 2000), ikiwa na wasanii kama [[Usher (mwimbaji)|Usher]], [[Alicia Keys]], [[Beyoncé]], na [[Rihanna]]. Mwaka 2004, chati ya [[Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2004|''Billboard'' Year-End Hot 100]] ilikuwa na nyimbo 15 kati ya 25 bora zaidi zilizokuwa za R&B ya kisasa.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2004/hot-100-songs|title=Hot 100 Songs – Year-End|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Muongo huu ulitawaliwa na ufufulio wa garage rock na kuanzishwa kwa mtindo mpya wa indie rock.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Eliscu|first=Jenny|date=2002-04-11|title=The Strokes Lead New York's New Rock Revolution|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/the-strokes-lead-new-yorks-new-rock-revolution-242342/|access-date=2020-12-11|magazine=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}</ref> Katika muongo huu, [[grime (muziki)|grime]] na [[dubstep]] zilianzishwa nchini Uingereza, huku [[chillwave]] ikipata umaarufu nchini Marekani mwishoni mwa muongo.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/27/culture-review-of-the-noughties | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | title=High points of the noughties | date=December 27, 2009 | access-date=February 9, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120907/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/dec/27/culture-review-of-the-noughties | archive-date=February 10, 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> Nchini Uingereza, [[post-Britpop]],<ref>[https://www.treblezine.com/10-essential-post-britpop-tracks/ 10 Essential Post-Britpop Tracks], ''Treble''</ref> [[post-punk revival]], na [[alternative rock]] vilikuwa kileleni mwa umaarufu wao, na wasanii kama [[Coldplay]], [[The Libertines]], [[Travis (bendi)|Travis]], [[The Hives]], na [[Radiohead]] walishika nafasi za juu kwenye chati duniani.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4745137.stm|title = Are we in Britpop's second wave?|date = August 19, 2005}}</ref> Wasanii wa enzi ya [[Britpop]] ya miaka ya 1990 pia walitoa kazi mpya, kama vile [[Oasis (bendi)|Oasis]] na [[Blur (bendi)|Blur]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Timeline: Blur v Oasis after Britpop |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/4151510.stm |work=BBC News |date=16 August 2005 |access-date=8 June 2012}}</ref> [[Hip hop]] ilipata umaarufu mkubwa katika mkondo mkuu (mainstream) baada ya miaka ya 1990, ikijumuisha miji ya Atlanta, Houston, na New Orleans. Harakati maarufu za rap za miaka ya 2000 ni pamoja na [[crunk]], [[Snap music|snap]], [[hyphy]], na [[alternative hip-hop]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Picha:Dave Grohl (132997591).jpeg|thumb|240x240px|[[Dave Grohl]] wa [[Foo Fighters]] akitumbuiza mwaka 2005. Foo Fighters walipata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara na kushinda tuzo nyingi za Grammy katika miaka ya 2000, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[Grammy Award for Best Rock Album]] mwaka 2001, 2004, na 2008.<ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Gordon |first=Jeremy |date=2021-02-01 |title=Foo Fighters Wanted to Rule Rock. 25 Years Later, They're Still Roaring. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/01/arts/music/foo-fighters-dave-grohl.html |access-date=2024-02-03 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>]] Ingawa hip-hop ilitawala, mfano [[Southern hip hop]] ambayo ilidumu kwa sehemu kubwa ya muongo (hasa katikati ya miaka ya 2000),<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop | location=London | work=[[The Guardian]] | first=Simon | last=Reynolds | title=Simon Reynolds's Notes on the noughties: When will hip-hop hurry up and die? | date=November 26, 2009 | access-date=December 13, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411211603/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop | archive-date=April 11, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref> muziki wa rock bado ulikuwa maarufu, hasa [[alternative rock]], na mitindo kama [[post-grunge]], [[post-Britpop]], [[nu metal]], [[pop-punk]], [[emo]], [[post-hardcore]], [[metalcore]], na kwa kiasi fulani [[indie rock]]; mwanzoni na katikati mwa miaka ya 2000 kulishuhudiwa ufufulio wa umaarufu wa [[pop rock]] na [[power pop]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.collegemedianetwork.com/well-carry-on-examining-the-legacy-of-rock-in-the-2000s/|title = 'We'll Carry On': Examining the Legacy of Rock in the 2000s}}</ref> Ingawa umaarufu wake miongoni mwa wasikilizaji wa kawaida ulipungua kidogo, [[country music|muziki wa country]] uliendelea kuongezeka kwa mauzo na ulikuwa na nafasi imara katika tasnia ya muziki. Mtindo huo ulishuhudia kuibuka kwa viongozi wapya kama [[Taylor Swift]], [[Carrie Underwood]], na [[Miley Cyrus]], ambao walimudu kushika nafasi za juu kwenye chati za ''Billboard'' za mitindo yote mbali na chati za country, kwa kuvutia wasikilizaji wengi nje ya mtindo huo.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6386008/how-billboard-woman-of-the-year-taylor-swift-changed-country-music|title=4 Ways Billboard Woman of the Year Taylor Swift Changed Country Music|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=December 9, 2014}}</ref> [[Electronic music|Muziki wa elekroniki]] pia ulikuwa maarufu katika muongo wote; mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, mitindo kama [[trance music|trance]], [[chillout music|chillout]], [[house music|house]], [[indietronica]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Music Genres |url=https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/indie-electronic-d12983 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121231245/http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/indie-electronic-d12983 |archive-date=November 21, 2011 |access-date=October 30, 2011 |website=[[AllMusic]]}}</ref> na [[Eurodance]] (Ulaya) ilikuwa maarufu. Mwishoni mwa muongo, mitindo ya muziki wa elektroniki iliyotokana na miaka ya mwishoni mwa 1980 na mwanzoni mwa 1990 kama [[synthpop]], [[electropop]], na [[electro house]] ilitamba sana.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Holmberg |first=Emma |date=2017-03-28 |title=The History of Electronic Music and How Classics Still Define Modern EDM |url=https://www.dancemusicnw.com/history-electronic-music-classics-define-modern-edm/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Dance Music NW |language=en-US}}</ref> Mwishoni mwa muongo, mchanganyiko kati ya hip-hop na [[electronic dance music|muziki wa dance wa elektroniki]] unaofanana na [[freestyle music]] ya mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1980 na mwanzoni mwa 1990, unaojulikana kama [[hip house]] na [[electrohop]], pia ulipata mafanikio makubwa.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E0D9113CF933A15757C0A96F9C8B63 | work=[[The New York Times]] | title=CRITICS' CHOICE; New CDs: Depeche Mode | date=April 20, 2009 | access-date=November 24, 2011 | first1=Jon | last1=Caramanica | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004223536/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9906E0D9113CF933A15757C0A96F9C8B63 | archive-date=October 4, 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Amerika ya Kaskazini == === Hip-hop === [[Picha:Nas-04.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Nas]] anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja kati ya marapa wakubwa wa wakati wote.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Renshaw |first=David |date=2013-08-09 |title=Nas named greatest rapper ever by NME.COM readers |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/various-artists-3130-1267154 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=NME |language=en-GB}}</ref>]] [[Hip hop]] ilitawala muziki maarufu mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/29/arts/pop-review-pearl-jam-progressive-as-always.html | work=NY Times | title=POP REVIEW; Pearl Jam, Progressive As Always | date=August 29, 2000 | access-date=April 13, 2012 | first1=Ann | last1=Powers | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120629071917/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/08/29/arts/pop-review-pearl-jam-progressive-as-always.html | archive-date=June 29, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1653639,00.html | work=TIME Magazine | title=Hip-hop's Down Beat – TIME |date=2007-08-17 | access-date=2012-04-16 | first1=Ta-Nehisi | last1=Coates | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414043615/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1653639,00.html | archive-date=April 14, 2012 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Wasanii kama [[Eminem]], [[Outkast]], [[Black Eyed Peas]], [[T.I.]], [[50 Cent]], [[Kanye West]], [[Nelly]], [[Common (mwanamuziki)|Common]], [[Nas]], [[Jay-Z]], [[Busta Rhymes]], [[Sean Combs|Puff Daddy]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Missy Elliott]], [[M.I.A. (mwimbaji)|M.I.A.]], [[Lil' Kim]], [[Gorillaz]], [[Jeezy]], [[Lil Wayne]], [[Timbaland]], [[The Game (mwanamuziki)|The Game]], [[Cam'ron]], na [[Ludacris]] walikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii wakubwa wa hip-hop walioiwakilisha mitindo hiyo katika muongo huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gemtracks.com/guides/view.php?title=top-hip-hop-artists-of-the-2000s&id=517|title=10+ BIGGEST Hip Hop Artists of the 2000s that Shaped the Decade}}</ref> Kufikia mwaka 1999, mtindo wa glam wa miaka ya 2000 ulianza kuingia, pamoja na [[dirty South (muziki)|dirty South]] na [[crunk]], ukiongozwa na wasanii kama [[Mannie Fresh]], Cam'ron, [[Lil Jon]], Ludacris, [[Trina]], [[Three 6 Mafia]], [[Ying Yang Twins]], [[Bubba Sparxxx]], [[The Neptunes]], na Jay-Z.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reynolds |first1=Simon |date=November 26, 2009 |title=Simon Reynolds's Notes on the noughties: When will hip-hop hurry up and die? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411211603/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/musicblog/2009/nov/26/notes-noughties-hip-hop |archive-date=April 11, 2012 |access-date=August 25, 2011 |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=UK}}</ref> [[Picha:Eminem DJ Hero.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Msanii wa rap wa Marekani [[Eminem]] ndiye msanii aliyepata mafanikio makubwa zaidi ya kibiashara katika muongo huo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Eminem Is The Best-Selling Artist Of The Decade |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/qf2ywy/eminem-is-the-best-selling-artist-of-the-decade |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812033138/https://www.mtv.com/news/qf2ywy/eminem-is-the-best-selling-artist-of-the-decade |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 12, 2022 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=MTV |language=en}}</ref>]] Katika miaka ya 2000, [[Eminem]], ambaye anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mmoja kati ya marapa weupe wachache waliofanikiwa sana katika tasnia hiyo, alipata mafanikio makubwa ya kibiashara na kudumisha ushawishi wake kupitia maudhui ya utata na uasi. Kulingana na jarida la ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'', albamu mbili za Eminem zimo miongoni mwa albamu tano zilizouzwa zaidi katika miaka ya 2000. Baada ya kutolewa kwa albamu yake ya ''[[Relapse (Eminem album)|Relapse]]'', Eminem alikuwa rapa aliyetengeneza mauzo makubwa zaidi ya wakati wote na msanii aliyeuza albamu nyingi zaidi katika muongo huo kwa mitindo yote.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-12-08-musicdecade08_ST_N.htm | work=USA Today | first=Edna | last=Gundersen | title=Decade's best: Eminem tops in sales; Beatles get No. '1' album | date=December 11, 2009 | access-date=August 21, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421144512/http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2009-12-08-musicdecade08_ST_N.htm | archive-date=April 21, 2012 | url-status=live }}</ref> [[Picha:YOOOOUUUUU!.jpg|thumb|right|Wimbo wa kwanza wa [[Soulja Boy]] wa mwaka 2007 "[[Crank That (Soulja Boy)|Crank That]]" ulichukuliwa kuwa aina mpya ya mtindo wa kucheza dansi (dance craze) uliotamba zaidi tangu "Macarena".<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Hip Hop Dances and the Songs That Popularized Them |url=https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/l3fkdg/hip-hop-dances-and-the-songs-that-popularized-them/4m0dv0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230513071131/https://www.bet.com/photo-gallery/l3fkdg/hip-hop-dances-and-the-songs-that-popularized-them/4m0dv0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 13, 2023 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=BET |language=en}}</ref>]] Mwishoni mwa mwaka 2005, mtindo mdogo wa [[Southern hip hop]] ulifikia kilele cha umaarufu wake, hasa mitindo kama [[crunk]] na [[snap music]] (ambayo ilianzisha harakati za mitindo ya kucheza katika hip-hop kuanzia mwaka 2005 hadi 2009).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=SeventhQueen |date=2020-02-19 |title=Evolution of Crunk |url=https://recordingarts.com/record/evolution-of-hip-hop/crunk/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Recording Arts Canada |language=en-CA}}</ref> Msanii aliyetengeneza mauzo makubwa zaidi ya crunk na kufungua njia ya umaarufu wake alikuwa [[Lil Jon]] aliyetamba sana kuanzia mwaka 2003 akiwa na kundi lake la [[The East Side Boyz]]. Baadaye snap music ikawa sehemu muhimu ya hip-hop kwa salio la muongo huo, ikiongozwa na wasanii kama [[Dem Franchize Boyz]], [[D4L]], [[Yung Joc]], [[Soulja Boy]], [[Unk]], [[Jibbs]], [[Da BackWudz]], [[Purple Ribbon All-Stars]], [[V.I.C.]], [[GS Boyz]], [[Fast Life Yungstaz]], [[New Boyz]], na [[Cali Swag District]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=From the Streets to the Charts: The Impact of Hip Hop in the 2000s |url=https://hypeofflife.com/blog/2000s-hip-hop |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Hype Off Life |language=en-US}}</ref> Wasanii hawa walichangia kuanzisha mitindo mbalimbali ya kucheza iliyoambatana na nyimbo zao, maarufu zaidi ikiwa ni mtindo wa "Crank Dat" wa Soulja Boy uliotamba sana mnamo 2007 na 2008.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=9 ways Soulja Boy revolutionized today's hip hop culture |url=https://www.revolt.tv/article/2019-01-18/43961/9-ways-soulja-boy-revolutionized-todays-hip-hop-culture/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=REVOLT |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Picha:Black_Eyed_Peas_Performing_at_END.jpg|thumb|left|220x220px|[[The Black Eyed Peas]] walianza kutumia Auto-Tune na [[electropop]]–[[dance music|dance]] katika albamu yao yenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi, ''[[The E.N.D.]]'', iliyotoa nyimbo tano zilizoingia kumi bora.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Fitzmaurice |first=Larry |date=2018-12-14 |title=Great Moments in Auto-Tune History |url=https://www.vulture.com/2018/12/great-moments-in-auto-tune-history.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Vulture |language=en-us}}</ref>]] [[Auto-Tune]] ilipata umaarufu mkubwa katikati ya mwaka 2007, ambapo msanii wa R&B [[T-Pain]] ndiye aliyekuwa kinara wa mtindo huo. Teknolojia hii haikutumika kwenye hip-hop pekee, bali pia katika mitindo mingine kama pop, R&B, na EDM. Auto-Tune ilitumika pia mwanzoni mwa muongo (hasa mnamo 2000 na 2001), lakini wakati huo iliitwa tu "synthesizer" na ilitumika kama msaidizi wa sauti. Wasanii kama [[Daft Punk]], [[Eiffel 65]], [[*NSYNC]], [[98 Degrees]], [[Willa Ford]], na hata [[Faith Hill]] walitumia Auto-Tune katika nyimbo zao. Mfumo huu ulijulikana zaidi kama "Cher effect" kutokana na kutumika kwenye wimbo "[[Believe (wimbo wa Cher)|Believe]]" wa [[Cher]] mnamo [[1998 in music|1998]]. [[The Black Eyed Peas]] waliaanza kutumia Auto-Tune pamoja na [[electropop]]–[[dance music|dance]] kwenye albamu yao iliyopata mafanikio makubwa, ''[[The E.N.D.]]'', iliyozaa nyimbo tano zilizoingia kumi bora: "[[Boom Boom Pow]]", "[[I Gotta Feeling]]", "[[Meet Me Halfway]]", "[[Imma Be]]", na "[[Rock That Body]]". Kutokana na hip-hop kuchanganyikana sana na muziki wa pop, baadhi ya marapa kama [[Nas]] walitangaza "kifo" cha mtindo huo wa asili.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/31/naughtie-behavior-the-decade-in-music/?ref=t-magazine | work=[[The New York Times]] | title=Naughtie Behavior {{!}} The Decade in Music | date=December 31, 2011 | access-date=November 24, 2011 | first1=Andrew | last1=Gensler | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150619175753/http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/12/31/naughtie-behavior-the-decade-in-music/?ref=t-magazine | archive-date=June 19, 2015 | url-status=live }}</ref> === Rock === ==== Pop rock ==== [[Picha:Blink182.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Wimbo wa [[Blink-182]] "[[All the Small Things]]" ulichochea ufufulio wa nia katika [[pop rock]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=blink-182: The Emotional Darkness Behind Nine |url=https://www.kerrang.com/punk-rock-as-therapy-the-emotional-darkness-behind-blink-182s-nine/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=Kerrang! |date=December 23, 2019 |language=en}}</ref>]] Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, kulikuwa na ufufulio wa kupendwa kwa [[pop rock]] na [[power pop]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=When Power-Pop Ruled (Again) |work=TIDAL Magazine |url=https://tidal.com/magazine/article/power-pop/1-72113}}</ref> Hii ilianza mwaka 2000 kutokana na mafanikio ya wimbo wa [[Blink-182]] "[[All the Small Things]]" na wimbo wa [[Nine Days]] "[[Absolutely (Story of a Girl)]]", ambayo yote ilifikia nafasi ya 6 kwenye chati ya [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Walthall |first=Catherine |date=2022-08-16 |title=Behind the Meaning of "All The Small Things" by Blink-182 |url=https://americansongwriter.com/meaning-all-the-small-things-blink-182-song-lyrics/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=American Songwriter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Billboard Staff |date=2020-03-23 |title=The 100 Greatest Songs of 2000: Staff Picks |url=https://www.billboard.com/media/lists/best-songs-of-2000-top-100-9339652/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Picha:Kelly Clarkson 2006.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Mshindi wa ''[[American Idol]]'' [[Kelly Clarkson]] ndiye mshindi mwenye mafanikio makubwa zaidi wa shindano hilo na msanii muhimu katika harakati za power pop na pop rock za miaka ya 2000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Hurley |first=Sam |date=2022-05-06 |title=American Idol: Why Kelly Clarkson Is The Most Successful Winner |url=https://screenrant.com/american-idol-kelly-clarkson-most-successful-winner/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref>]] Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, mtindo wa power pop na pop rock ulienea pia kwa wanamuziki wa kike.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Melluish |first=Hank |date=2022-04-05 |title=Women in Power-Pop |url=https://www.widrfm.org/single-post/women-in-power-pop |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=widrfm |language=en}}</ref> [[Michelle Branch]] alipata mafanikio mwaka 2001 kupitia wimbo wake wa "[[Everywhere (wimbo wa Michelle Branch)|Everywhere]]". Mafanikio yake yaliendelea kupitia nyimbo za albamu yake ya pili kama "[[Are You Happy Now?]]" na "[[Breathe (wimbo wa Michelle Branch)|Breathe]]". [[Kelly Clarkson]] pia alikuwa msanii mwingine maarufu wa kike wa harakati hii, akishindana kwa mafanikio na Avril Lavigne.<ref>{{Cite magazine |author=Billboard Staff |date=2004-12-11 |title=Breakaway |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/breakaway-65422/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Pop punk ==== [[Picha:Good_Charlotte_in_SarreBrück_-_2011.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Good Charlotte]] walipata tuzo za [[vyeti vya mauzo ya rekodi|platinamu]] na kupata wafuasi wengi duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=admin |title=Ten Years On: Good Charlotte – The Young And The Hopeless |url=http://www.alterthepress.com/2012/10/ten-years-on-good-charlotte-young-and.html |access-date=2023-05-13}}</ref>]] Baada ya [[punk rock]] kupenya katika soko kuu katika miaka ya 1990, mtindo huo ulibadilika zaidi kuwa [[pop-punk]] katika miaka ya 2000 kutokana na makampuni makubwa ya rekodi kuonyesha nia na kusajili makundi kama [[Blink-182]]. Bendi ya [[Green Day]] ilianza miaka ya 2000 kwa kutoa albamu yao ya sita ''[[Warning (albamu ya Green Day)|Warning]]'' mnamo mwaka 2000 iliyopata mafanikio ya wastani.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Kot |first=Greg |date=2000-10-12 |title=Warning |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/warning-184651/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |magazine=Rolling Stone |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Picha:Avril Lavigne in Burnaby, 2004.jpg|upright|thumb|left|[[Avril Lavigne]] wa Kanada alipata mafanikio makubwa duniani kote katika miaka ya 2000 kwa kuuza zaidi ya albamu milioni 40.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2019-09-27 |title=Avril Lavigne returns to music after five years |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arts-entertainment/news/avril-lavigne-returns-music-after-five-years-1805725 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>]] == Tazama pia == * [[Muziki katika miaka ya 1990]] * [[Muziki katika miaka ya 2010]] {{clear}} == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.2000smusic.com/ 2000s Music] – Muziki kutoka miaka ya 2000 * [http://www.2000smusicvideos.com/ 2000s Music Videos] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – Video za muziki kutoka miaka ya 2000 * [http://www.2000shits.com/ 2000s Music Hits] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} – Nyimbo maarufu za miaka ya 2000 {{DEFAULTSORT:2000s In Music}} [[Jamii:Muziki]] [[Jamii:Miaka ya 2000]] 557dql8bbhjyjljrpsx48rftsmcwud9 0 253731 1613891 1606311 2026-11-05T17:57:01Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613891 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nina Raginsky''' (amezaliwa [[14 Aprili]], [[1941]]) ni [[mpiga picha]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyepokea heshima ya Agizo la Kanada mwaka 1984.<ref name="ago " >Nina Raginsky Photographs: August 25-September 30, 1979 (1979). Art Gallery of Ontario (pamphlet).</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nina-raginsky/#h3_jump_0|title=Nina Raginsky|last=ABBOTT|first=LOUISE|date=February 8, 2008|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=Historica Canada|access-date=June 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194143/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nina-raginsky/#h3_jump_0|archive-date=July 1, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>''Faking Death:Canadian Art Photography and the Canadian Imagination''. (2003) [[Penny Cousineau-Levine|Cousineau-Levine, Penny]].</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7rtwtonswjf4ixq7xjmdyw0k9ucctgk 0 256179 1613791 1611515 2026-11-05T14:42:24Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.6) 1613791 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #7d7d7d; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; padding: 8px;" | Lockheed C-130 Hercules |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Lockheed_C-130_Hercules.jpg|250px|Lockheed C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani]]<br /><small>Lockheed C-130 Hercules angani</small> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: #7d7d7d; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px;" | Taarifa za jumla |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtengenezaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]) |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyofanya safari ya kwanza: | style="padding: 3px;" | 23 Agosti 1954 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ilianza kutumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | Desemba 1956 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Hali ya sasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Inatumika na inazalishwa bado |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Mtumiaji mkuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[United States Air Force]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Iliyoundwa: | style="padding: 3px;" | Zaidi ya 2,500 |} '''Lockheed C-130 Hercules''' ni ndege ya kijeshi ya usafirishaji ya [[Marekani]] yenye injini nne za [[turboprop]], iliyoundwa na kutengenezwa na [[Lockheed]] (sasa [[Lockheed Martin]]). Ilianza kuruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 na kuingia katika huduma ya [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956.<ref name="USAF">{{cite web|url=https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=U.S. Air Force|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> C-130 inajulikana kwa uwezo wake wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye uwanja wa ndege mbovu au ambao hauko vema, kama barabara za vumbi na viwanja vidogo vya ndege. Inatumika kusafirisha wanajeshi, vifaa, dawa na mizigo, na pia kufanya kazi kama [[AC-130|ndege ya mapigano]], ndege ya uokoaji, [[KC-130|ndege ya kujaza mafuta angani]], [[WC-130|ndege ya uchunguzi wa hali ya hewa]] na [[LC-130|ndege ya Antaktika]].<ref name="USAF" /> == Historia == Vita vya Korea vilionyesha kwamba ndege za usafirishaji za zama za [[Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia]] hazikuwa tena za kutosha. Tarehe 2 Februari 1951, [[United States Air Force]] ilitoa mahitaji ya ndege mpya ya usafirishaji, na Lockheed ilishinda ushindani huo kupitia mradi uliotengenezwa na timu ya [[Willis Hawkins]].<ref name="rhodes">{{cite magazine |surname=Rhodes |given=Jeff |title=Willis Hawkins and the genesis of the Hercules |magazine=Code One Magazine |volume=19 |issue=3 |date=Third Quarter 2004 |url=https://www.issuu.com/aviationlive/docs/2004-3/18 |pages=16–21 |access-date=2026-10-27 |archive-date=2023-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024030009/https://issuu.com/aviationlive/docs/2004-3/18 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130 Hercules flight deck.jpg|thumb|alt=Instrument panels and control columns of a C-130H flight deck|left|Chumba cha marubani cha C-130H Hercules]] Mfano wa kwanza wa majaribio, YC-130, uliruka kwa mara ya kwanza tarehe 23 Agosti 1954 kutoka kiwanda cha Lockheed huko Burbank, California, ukiongozwa na marubani Stanley Beltz na Roy Wimmer.<ref name="dabney">{{cite book |last=Dabney |first=Joseph E. A. |title=Mating of the Jeep, the Truck, and the Airplane |year=2004 |publisher=Lockheed Martin |volume=29 |pages=3}}</ref> Baada ya hapo, uzalishaji ukaanza huko Marietta, Georgia, ambapo zaidi ya ndege 2,300 zimetengenezwa kufikia mwaka 2009.<ref>{{cite book |last=Olausson |first=Lars |year=2009 |title=Lockheed Hercules Production List 1954–2009 |edition=27th}}</ref> C-130A ya kwanza ilianza huduma katika [[United States Air Force]] mwezi Desemba 1956, ikiwa na injini za Allison T56 turboprop. === Jina la Hercules === [[File:Greek Air Force C-130H Hercules Lofting.jpg|thumb|C-130 Hercules ya Jeshi la Anga la Ugiriki ikiwa na mchoro wa shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki Hercules]] Ndege hiyo ilipewa jina "Hercules" na mtengenezaji wake Lockheed kulingana na shujaa wa ngano za Kigiriki aliyejulikana kwa nguvu na ushujaa wake.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/aviation/a26156/c-130-badass-plane/|title=Why the C-130 Is Such a Badass Plane|author=Eric Tegler|website=Popular Mechanics|date=2017-04-21}}</ref> == Muundo na maboresho == [[File:C-130E Hercules dropping flares.jpg|thumb|C-130E ikirusha fataki za kujilinda (flares) wakati wa mazoezi]] C-130 ina mwili mrefu, mabawa ya juu, na injini nne za [[turboprop]]. Mabawa ya juu yanaipa uwezo wa kufanya kazi kutoka kwenye viwanja visivyo tayari, na mwili wake wa chini unairuhusu kubeba mizigo mikubwa kupitia mlango wa nyuma wenye njia panda (ramp). [[File:One U.S. Air Force C-130 Hercules aircraft taxis as another takes off from Yeo Ju airstrip during the joint U.S.-South Korean Exercise Team Spirit '84 DF-ST-84-11567.jpg|thumb|Ndege mbili za C-130 Hercules nchini Korea Kusini, mwaka 1984]] [[File:A C-130 Hercules from the 36th Airlift Squadron conducts a night flight mission over Yokota Air Base (26385249024).jpg|thumb|C-130 kwenye safari ya usiku juu ya Kituo cha Anga cha Yokota]] Ndege hiyo ina urefu wa futi 97 inchi 8 (mita 29.72), urefu wa mabawa wa futi 132 inchi 7 (mita 40.41), na ina uwezo wa kubeba wanajeshi 92 au wagonjwa 74 kwenye matandiko ya hospitali, pamoja na mizigo ya hadi pauni 35,000 (kilo 15,876).<ref name="NavyMuseum">{{cite web|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html|title=C-130 Hercules|publisher=National Naval Aviation Museum|date=2018-01-01|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> [[File:Lockheed C-130K Hercules C.3 XV307 of the RAF - 2006 RIAT at RAF Fairford.jpg|thumb|C-130K (C.3) ya Jeshi la Anga la Uingereza (RAF)]] [[File:HC-130P-N refuels HH-60G.jpg|thumb|HC-130P ikiijaza mafuta angani helikopta ya HH-60G Pavehawk]] [[File:Lockheed L-382 C-130H-LM Hercules (USAF sn 92-1532, cn 382-5328) (8-26-2023).jpg|thumb|C-130H iliyowekwa naipu mpya za NP2000 zenye bapa nane]] == Matumizi na matoleo == C-130 inatumika katika nchi zaidi ya 70 duniani kote. Kuanzia matoleo ya zamani hadi ya kisasa kama vile [[Lockheed Martin C-130J Super Hercules|C-130J Super Hercules]] yenye injini mpya na mfumo wa dijiti, ndege hii imekuwa mstari wa mbele katika usafirishaji wa kijeshi, uokoaji, uzimaji moto, na upigaji doria. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/1555054/c-130-hercules/ C-130 Hercules] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya U.S. Air Force * [https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/c130/history.html C-130 History] kwenye tovuti rasmi ya Lockheed Martin * [https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/c/c-130-hercules0.html C-130 Hercules] kwenye National Naval Aviation Museum {{Mbegu-teknolojia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hercules, C-130}} [[Jamii:Ndege za kijeshi za Marekani]] [[Jamii:Ndege za usafirishaji]] [[Jamii:Lockheed Martin]] j4b8yln9xmk75229nb1efsa5xui6nuz 0 256231 1613916 1611688 2026-11-05T18:34:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |jina = Pepsi |logo = Pepsi 2023.svg | logo_size = 150px | logo_caption = Logo used since 2023 |picha = Pepsi 355 ml, 591 ml, and 710 ml, Canada (obverse), 2026-03-05.jpg |maelezo = Bidhaa za Pepsi |aina = [[Cola]] | manufacturer = [[PepsiCo]] |asili = [[New Bern, North Carolina]] | region = | introduced = {{Start date and age|1893}} (as '''Brad's Drink''')<br />{{Start date and age|1898}} (as '''Pepsi-Cola''')<br />{{Start date and age|1961}} (as '''Pepsi''') |rangi = [[Caramel color|Caramel E-150d]] | flavor = | ingredients = | variants = [[Diet Pepsi]]<br />[[Pepsi Twist]]<br />[[Pepsi Lime]]<br />[[Pepsi Wild Cherry]]<br />[[Crystal Pepsi]]<br />[[Caffeine-Free Pepsi]]<br />[[Pepsi-Cola Made with Real Sugar]]<br />[[Pepsi Vanilla]]<br />[[Pepsi Zero Sugar]]<br />[[Pepsi Max]]<br/>[[Nitro Pepsi]] | related = {{ubl|[[Coca-Cola]]|[[RC Cola]]}} | tovuti = {{url|https://www.pepsi.com/|pepsi.com}} }} '''Pepsi''' ni kinywaji baridi chenye [[kaboni]] chenye ladha ya [[Coca-Cola|cola]], bidhaa kuu ya PepsiCo. Mnamo [[2023]], Pepsi ilikuwa chapa ya pili yenye thamani kubwa zaidi ya vinywaji baridi duniani kote nyuma ya [[Coca-Cola]];<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coca-Cola contre Pepsi, la guerre est finie|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aak.dxnuarvy6|work=doi.org|date=November 8, 2023.|accessdate=2026-10-27|author=François Lévêque}}</ref> wawili hao wanashiriki ushindani wa muda mrefu katika kile kinachoitwa "vita vya cola<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Coca-Cola contre Pepsi, la guerre est finie|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aak.dxnuarvy6|work=doi.org|date=2016-03-29|accessdate=2026-10-27|author=François Lévêque}}</ref>". Pepsi, ambayo awali iliundwa mwaka wa [[1893]] na Caleb Bradham na kuitwa <ref>{{Citation|title=Pepsi-Cola, n.|date=2023-03-02|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oed/6691257894|work=Oxford English Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>"Brad's Drink," iliuzwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika duka lake la dawa huko [[New Bedford, Massachusetts|New Bern]], [[North Carolina]]. Ikibadilishwa jina na kuitwa "Pepsi-Cola" mwaka wa 1898 kutokana na faida zake za usagaji chakula, jina lake lilifupishwa katika uuzaji hadi "Pepsi" mapema mwaka wa [[1951|1951.]] Mapema, Pepsi ilipambana na utulivu wa kifedha, ikafilisika mwaka wa [[1923]] lakini baadaye ilinunuliwa na kufufuliwa na Charles Guth<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Guth v. Loft: The Story of Pepsi-Cola and the Corporate Opportunity Doctrine|url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1414478|work=doi.org|date=2009|accessdate=2026-10-27|author=Jennifer Ying}}</ref>, ambaye alibadilisha sharubati hiyo. Pepsi ilipata umaarufu kwa kuanzishwa kwa chupa ya aunsi 12 wakati wa Mdororo Mkuu wa [[Uchumi|Kiuchumi]] na mikakati ya uuzaji kama vile "Nickel, Nickel" , na kuongeza mauzo maradufu kwa kusisitiza thamani yake. Katikati ya karne ya 20, Pepsi ililenga soko la [[Wamarekani weusi|Waamerika Weusi]], ambalo wakati huo lilikuwa halijatumika, likiwa na maonyesho chanya na uidhinishaji kutoka kwa watu mashuhuri, na kuongeza sehemu yake ya soko. Ushindani wa Pepsi na [[Coca-Cola]], ulioangaziwa na "vita vya cola", ulisababisha ushindani mkubwa wa kitamaduni na soko, ikiwa ni pamoja na vipimo vya ladha vya "Pepsi Challenge" na kuanzishwa kwa Coke Mpya kama jibu. Upanuzi wa Pepsi katika masoko ya kimataifa umeona mafanikio mbalimbali, huku miradi muhimu katika [[Umoja wa Kisovyeti|Umoja wa Kisovieti]] kupitia makubaliano muhimu ya kubadilishana bidhaa na umaarufu unaoendelea katika baadhi ya maeneo kuliko [[Coca-Cola]]<ref>{{Citation|title=A Case Study for International Antitrust: Pepsi versus Coke|date=2012-12-06|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203050866-10|work=European Perspectives in Marketing|pages=141–158|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-203-05086-6|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. Licha ya utata wa mara kwa mara, kama vile tangazo la [[Madonna (mwanamuziki)|Madonna]] lililofutwa na kashfa ya "Pepsi Number Fever" nchini Ufilipino, Pepsi imebaki kuwa chapa maarufu duniani, kutokana na kampeni bunifu za uuzaji na udhamini katika michezo na burudani. PepsiCo pia imezindua vinywaji vingine chini ya chapa ya Pepsi, kama vile Diet Pepsi na Pepsi Max, ambavyo vinaunda kwingineko ya chapa leo juu ya cola ya awali ya Pepsi<ref>{{Citation|last=Huesmann|first=Günther|title=Auer, Pepsi|date=2003|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.j017900|work=Oxford Music Online|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-1-56159-263-0|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref>. == Soko la Pepsi == Hapo zamani, katika miaka ya [[1950]] na [[1960]], soko la vinywaji baridi nchini Tanzania lilikuwa changa sana. Wakati huo, chupa ya kioo ya Pepsi ilikuwa kama anasa. Watoto na watu wazima walisubiri sikukuu au sherehe kubwa ili kupata ladha ile ya kipekee ya Pepsi, huku wauzaji wakiwa wachache na usambazaji ukitegemea miji mikubwa tu kama [[Dar es Salaam]] na Tanga. Changamoto za kiuchumi na mabadiliko ya kisiasa katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980 yalifanya Pepsi kupotea kabisa sokoni, ikawa kama hadithi ya kale<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.9536286|title=Soda Goes Pop|last=Love|first=Joanna|date=2019|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=978-0-472-07402-0|location=Ann Arbor, MI}}</ref>. Mambo yalianza kubadilika mapema [[miaka ya 1990]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Marketing research for game development|date=2016-10-04|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315748900-12|work=Video Game Marketing|pages=92–102|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-74890-0|access-date=2026-10-27}}</ref> wakati uchumi wa nchi ulipofunguliwa. Hata hivyo, mapinduzi ya kweli yalianza rasmi tarehe [[5 Aprili]] [[2001]]. Siku hii, kampuni ya ''SBC Tanzania Limited'' ilichukua rasmi usimamizi wa Pepsi nchini na kufungua kiwanda chake cha kwanza jijini Dar es Salaam chini ya kaulimbiu iliyoshika kasi ya ''"Live for Now"'' kwa sasa ikitumia msemo wa ''<nowiki/>'NO NOISE JUST EXECUTION''<nowiki/> Kuanzia hapo, Pepsi ilianza safari mpya kutoka chini kabisa. Walijenga viwanda vingine kimkakati huko [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]] na [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha,]] [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] ili kuhakikisha vinywaji vinafika hadi vijijini ndani ya muda mfupi. Katika miaka ya [[2010]], walileta bidhaa mbalimbali kama vile <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=What the world can learn from Mexico’s tax on sugar-sweetened drinks|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/ab.7casm43yk|work=doi.org|date=2016-03-22|accessdate=2026-10-27|author=Elisa Pineda}}</ref>''Pepsi ya asili'' na ''Pepsi Black'' (isiyo na sukari), mfululizo wa ladha za matunda za ''Mirinda (Fruity, Orange, Pineapple, na Lemon)'', kinywaji cha ndimu cha ''7UP'', pamoja na mchanganyiko wa ''Evervess Tonic na Soda Water''. lilishuhudia ushindani mkubwa wa bei na ujazo (vile vichupa vidogo vya plastiki vya PET). Pepsi waliteka mioyo ya vijana kwa kudhamini matamasha ya muziki, michezo, na kutumia wasanii wakubwa wa Bongo Fleva kama mabalozi wao mmoja wapo ni [[Diamond Platnumz]]. Kufikia sasa mwaka [[2026]] soko la Pepsi limekuwa jitu kubwa linalotawala sekta ya vinywaji nchini<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=How labor’s decline opened door to billionaire Trump as ‘savior’ of American workers|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aai.xpcqdevq7|work=doi.org|date=2016-08-08|accessdate=2026-10-27|author=Raymond Hogler}}</ref>. Chini ya uongozi mpya wa ''Himanshu Shekhar'', Pepsi sio tu kinywaji cha sherehe, bali ni sehemu ya maisha ya kila siku ya Mtanzania. Kutokana na uzinduzi wa mitambo mipya ya kisasa hivi karibuni, soko limepanuka hadi kwenye migahawa mikubwa kama ''KFC'' na bidhaa mpya kama vinywaji vya kuongeza nguvu kupitia ''WILD ENERGY DRINK'' vikiwa vinapatikana kila kona ya nchi kutoka maduka ya reja reja ya uswahilini hadi supermaketi za kisasa ''Pepsi chupa ni mwamba'' ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} == Marejeo== *{{Rejea tovuti|title=Much of the Global Beverage Industry Is Controlled by Coca Cola and Pepsi|url=https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/060415/how-much-global-beverage-industry-controlled-coca-cola-and-pepsi.asp|access-date=2023-07-22|website=Investopedia|language=en}} *{{Rejea tovuti|last=Bhasin|first=Kim|title=COKE VS. PEPSI: The Story Behind The Neverending 'Cola Wars'|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/coca-cola-vs-pepsi-timeline-2013-1|access-date=2023-11-08|website=Business Insider|language=en-US}} *{{cite web|url=https://pepsistore.com/index.php/history-of-the-birthplace/|title=The History of the Birthplace of Pepsi-Cola|access-date=October 20, 2022|publisher=Pepsistore.com|archive-date=October 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020202701/https://pepsistore.com/index.php/history-of-the-birthplace/|url-status=dead}} *{{Rejea tovuti|last=Varghese|first=Justin|date=2025-09-11|title=Cheaper low-sugar drinks in UAE from 2026 as new tax model kicks in|url=https://gulfnews.com/business/tax-news/cheaper-low-sugar-drinks-in-uae-from-2026-as-new-tax-model-kicks-in-1.500265107|access-date=2025-09-11|website=[[Gulf News]]|language=en}} *{{cite web|last1=Phoon|first1=Andie|title=Essential Marketing Lessons to Take Away from Video Game Marketing|url=https://medianetic.me/essential-marketing-lessons-to-take-away-from-video-game-marketing/|website=Mediantic|date=23 May 2022|access-date=30 October 2023}} *{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/42028#p21|title=Guth v. Loft (Del. 1939) [Pepsi]|website=h2o.law.harvard.edu|access-date=June 21, 2019|archive-date=May 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507072817/https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/collages/42028#p21|url-status=dead}} *{{Cite magazine|last=TIME|title=Marketing & Selling: Pepsi v. Coke|url=https://time.com/archive/6811434/marketing-selling-pepsi-v-coke/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241023061703/https://time.com/archive/6811434/marketing-selling-pepsi-v-coke/|archive-date=2024-10-23|access-date=2025-09-11|magazine=Time|language=en|url-status=live}} *{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116831396726171042|title=How Pepsi Opened Door to Diversity|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=January 9, 2016|access-date=March 10, 2017|archive-date=February 5, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205030105/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB116831396726171042|url-status=live}} *{{cite web|title=Pepsi – FAQs|url=http://www.pepsiusa.com/faqs.php?section=highlights|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080506010751/http://www.pepsiusa.com/faqs.php?section=highlights|archive-date=May 6, 2008|access-date=October 12, 2009|publisher=[[PepsiCo]]|quote=1909: Automobile racing pioneer Barney Oldfield becomes the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi when he appears in newspaper ads describing Pepsi: "A bully drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The theme "Delicious and Healthful" appears and will be used intermittently over the next two decades.}} *{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://adage.com/article/news/pepsi-cola-advertising-years/65047|title=Pepsi-Cola Advertising Through the Years|date=July 20, 1998|website=Advertising Age|language=en|access-date=June 13, 2019|archive-date=September 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903150135/https://adage.com/article/news/pepsi-cola-advertising-years/65047|url-status=live}} [[Jamii:Vinywaji]] 1qv3628obyj00ezhuont13y14cpijv9 0 256594 1614018 1612690 2026-11-05T20:38:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1614018 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Anthony Parker Jr.''' (alizaliwa [[17 Mei]] [[1982]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Alicheza misimu 18 katika [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani]] (NBA) akiwa na San Antonio Spurs na Charlotte Hornets. Alishinda mataji manne ya NBA akiwa na Spurs ([[2003]], [[2005]], [[2007]], [[2014]]) na alitajwa kuwa MVP wa Fainali mwaka 2007, akiwa Mfaransa wa kwanza kupata tuzo heshima hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NBA Players: Tony Parker Profile and Basic Stats |url=https://www.landofbasketball.com/nba_players/p/tony_parker.htm|access-date=3 November 2020|website= landofbasketball.com|archive-date=1 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200501214525/https://www.landofbasketball.com/nba_players/p/tony_parker.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nba.com/magic/gallery/ranking-50-greatest-european-players-nba-history-20200807|title= Ranking 50 Greatest European Players in NBA History|website=NBA.com|date=May 19, 2021|access-date=7 February 2022|archive-date=7 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207061759/https://www.nba.com/magic/gallery/ranking-50-greatest-european-players-nba-history-20200807|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://hoopshype.com/lists/40-greatest-european-players-ever-the-hoopshype-list// |title=40 greatest European players ever: The HoopsHype list |date=January 11, 2022 |publisher= |website=hoopshype.com |access-date=January 11, 2022 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111213130/https://hoopshype.com/lists/40-greatest-european-players-ever-the-hoopshype-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://homeofplaymakers.com/top-25-european-basketball-players-of-all-time/14 |title=Top 25 European Basketball Players Of All-Time |date= January 17, 2022 |publisher= | website= homeofplaymakers.com |access-date= January 17, 2022 |archive-date=26 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210526130041/https://homeofplaymakers.com/top-25-european-basketball-players-of-all-time/14/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi == Parker alizaliwa [[Ubelgiji]] na alikulia Ufaransa. Alianza kucheza mpira wa kikapu kitaaluma akiwa na umri wa miaka 15. Alichaguliwa na San Antonio Spurs katika nafasi ya 28 ya jumla katika draft ya 2001. Akiwa na Spurs, alikua sehemu ya "Big Three" pamoja na Tim Duncan na Manu Ginobili. Alishiriki katika All-Star Game mara sita na alichaguliwa kwenye All-NBA Team mara nne. Alijiunga na Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Songco |first= Paolo |date=2022-06-08 |title=Tony Parker Speaks Out On Spurs Dynasty Being Overlooked Compared To Lakers, Warriors |url=https://clutchpoints.com/spurs-news-tony-parker-speaks-out-on-san-antonio-dynasty-being-overlooked-compared-to-lakers-warriors |access-date= 2023-03-30 |website= ClutchPoints.com |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330145538/https://clutchpoints.com/spurs-news-tony-parker-speaks-out-on-san-antonio-dynasty-being-overlooked-compared-to-lakers-warriors |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Rangel |first= Paul |date=May 19, 2008 |title=Lakers-Spurs: Who's the Team of the Decade? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/24263-lakers-spurs-whos-the-team-of-the-decade |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330135529/https://bleacherreport.com/articles/24263-lakers-spurs-whos-the-team-of-the-decade |url-status=live }}</ref> == Tuzo == - Mataji manne ya NBA (2003, 2005, 2007, 2014) - MVP wa Fainali ya NBA (2007) - All-Star (mara 6) - Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (2023) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] e17ncm1hu0jxaxp35bmmesnym9ode2g 0 256631 1613744 1612784 2026-11-05T13:34:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613744 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonathan Kasibabu''' (alizaliwa [[Kisangani]], 24 Aprili 1996 <ref name="ADAMWINEUR002">{{fr}} ; ''EQUIPE : [https://www.lequipe.fr/fiche/jonathan-kasibabu/271684, Jonathan Kasibabu : joueur de basket], sur www.lequipe.fr, consulté le=03 novembre 2026</ref>) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001">{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.proballers.com/fr/basketball/joueur/181707/jonathan-kasibabu, Jonathan Kasibabu Statistics], sur www.proballers.com, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ([[DRC]]), alisoma katika Shule ya Westtown (Pennsylvania) na baadaye Chuo Kikuu cha Fairfield<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Jonathan-Kasibabu/Summary/49102, Jonathan Kasibabu Player Profile], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>. == Masomo ya chuo kikuu == Kuanzia mwaka 2015 hadi 2019 katika chuo cha Fairfield: * Mchezaji Bora wa Ulinzi wa ''MAAC'' wa Mwaka (2019)<ref name="ADAMWINEUR004">{{en}} ; ''Men's Basketball : [https://fairfieldstags.com/story.aspx?filename=mens-basketball-kasibabu-named-maac-defensive-player-of-the-year&file_date=3/8/2019 5, Kasibabu Named MAAC Defensive Player Of The Year], sur fairfieldstags.com, 03 août 2019 à 12:25':00'' PM, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR005">{{en}} ; ''AFROBASKET : [https://www.afrobasket.com/DR-Congo/news/1001542/Kasibabu-comes-back-to-Rio-Breogan, Kasibabu revient à Rio Breogan], sur www.afrobasket.com, 27 juin 2026, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref> * Mchezaji Chipukizi wa Wiki wa MAAC katika mwaka wa [[2015]] - pointi 12, mipira 15 iliyonaswa (rebounds)<ref name="ADAMWINEUR006">{{en}} ; ''[https://fairfieldstags.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/jonathan-kasibabu/3749, 2018-19 Men's Basketball Roster], sur fairfieldstags.com, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu wa kitaaluma == * [[2021]] : Alichaguliwa wa 14 katika mchakato wa kuchagua wachezaji (draft) wa G-League wa mwaka 2021 na timu ya ''Austin Spurs''<ref name="ADAMWINEUR007">{{en}} ; ''Rapid City Rush : [https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/austin-spurs-select-jonathan-kasibabu-anthony-mathis-and-kaleb-johnson-in-2021-nba-g-league-draft/n-5738421, ECHL Veteran Logan Nelson Joins Rush], sur www.oursportscentral.com, publié le 26 août 2026, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR008">{{en}} ; ''Austin Spurs Staff : [https://austin.gleague.nba.com/news/austin-spurs-announce-roster-for-2021-season-opener, AUSTIN SPURS ANNOUNCE ROSTER FOR 2021 SEASON OPENER], sur austin.gleague.nba.com, 10 février 2021, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref> * [[2021]] - : ''CB Breogán'' (''Liga ACB'')<ref name="ADAMWINEUR009">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Jonathan-Kasibabu/273839, Jonathan Kasibabu : Statistiques Current], sur basketball.eurobasket.com, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref>. == Takwimu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Fairfield Stags Takwimu za NCAA ! Kipindi!! Daktari wa familia!! Min!! Pointi!! Rebounds!! Vitalu!! Vyanzo kutoka |- | 2015-16 || 30 || 20,1 || 6,2 || 5,1 || 0,8 || <ref name="ADAMWINEUR002" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001" /> |- | 2016-17 || 2 || 22,0 || 7,0 || 3,5 || 0,0 || <ref name="ADAMWINEUR001" /> |- | 2017-18 || 23 || 21,5 || 7,8 || 5,2 || 1,0 || <ref name="ADAMWINEUR001" /> |- | 2018-19 || 31 || 23,4 || 9,1 || 7,2 || 1,2 || <ref name="ADAMWINEUR001" /> |- | '''Nzima'''||'''86''' || '''21,7''' || '''7,8''' || '''5,9''' || '''1,0'''||<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001" />{{,}} <ref name="ADAMWINEUR009" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR010">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.basketball-reference.com/international/players/jonathan-kasibabu-1.html, Jonathan Kasibabu International Stats], sur www.basketball-reference.com, consulté le 03 novembre 2026</ref> |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] hnm2cdeqqkzmk7amkcv77p6gbw74pn6 0 256637 1613743 1612827 2026-11-05T13:33:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613743 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Papy Mboma''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Waziri Mkuu''', ni [[Mwanahabari|mwandishi wa habari]], mtangazaji wa redio na wa [[televisheni]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Anajulikana sana kwa kuandaa kipindi cha muziki cha B-One Music, kinachorushwa kwenye Televisheni ya B-One tangu 2013. Uzoefu wake wa kitaaluma unajumuisha uzoefu katika Redio na Televisheni ya Kitaifa ya Kongo (RTNC), Redio Télé Matadi, Redio Télé Boma, Televisheni ya Mtandao ya Kongo, na Televisheni ya B-One. Mnamo Agosti 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Uendeshaji anayesimamia Masoko na Mauzo katika B-One SARL, akiwa na cheo cha Naibu Mkurugenzi Mtendaji. == Wasifu == === Elimu === Baada ya uzoefu wake wa awali wa kitaaluma huko Kikwit, Papy Mboma alihamia Kinshasa kufuata elimu ya juu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kitaifa cha Ufundishaji (UPN). == Kazi ya Kitaalamu == === Siku za Mwanzo katika RTNC huko Kikwit === Papy Mboma alianza kazi yake ya uandishi wa habari katika Redio na Televisheni ya Kitaifa ya Kongo (RTNC) huko Kikwit akiwa bado mwanafunzi. Alipokelewa na Kipulu Samba, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa mkuu wa kituo hicho, baada ya kuomba fursa ya kufanya kazi katika uwanja wa sauti na taswira. Alianza kwa kuchangia katika chumba cha habari kabla ya kupewa jukumu la kuwasilisha vipindi hewani. Alifanya kazi hasa katika kuwasilisha habari na kutangaza vipindi. Alibaki RTNC huko Kikwit kwa takriban mwaka mmoja, ambapo pia aliendelea na masomo yake ya chuo kikuu. === Uzoefu huko Matadi na Boma === Baada ya kufika Kinshasa, alifanya kazi katika Antenne A, kisha akatumia muda huko Matadi, katika jimbo la Kongo Central. Kisha alijiunga na Radio Télé Matadi (RTM), ambapo aliunda kipindi cha Ambiance Bana ya Matadi. Kipindi hiki, kilichojitolea kwa burudani na muziki, kilimruhusu kukuza uzoefu wake katika utangazaji wa redio. Kisha aliendelea na kazi yake katika Radio Télé Boma (RTB) huko Boma, baada ya kugunduliwa na mkuu wa kituo hicho, Ngovado. Kulingana na maelezo yake mwenyewe, alipata mkataba wake wa kwanza wa kitaaluma huko. === Televisheni ya Mtandao ya Kongo === Katika miaka ya 2000, Papy Mboma pia alifanya kazi katika sekta ya masoko. Anaelezea kwamba alifanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa masoko kwa makampuni yanayoendeshwa na daktari na mganga wa jadi Didier Mampasi. Baadaye alijiunga na Congo Web, ambapo aliendeleza shughuli zake za utangazaji wa redio na televisheni. Alishiriki katika siku za mwanzo za Televisheni ya Mtandao ya Congo na kuwasilisha burudani na vipindi mbalimbali. === Televisheni ya B-One na "Muziki wa B-One" === Mwishoni mwa 2008, Papy Mboma alijiunga na B-One Televisheni, chaneli ya kibinafsi iliyoko Kinshasa. Huko, aliendeleza kazi yake kama mtangazaji na kuwa mmoja wa watu muhimu kwenye kipindi cha B-One Music, kilichojitolea kwa habari za muziki wa Kongo na wasanii wa Kiafrika. Kipindi kilizinduliwa mwaka wa 2013 na kikawa kipindi cha kila wiki kinachorushwa Jumapili. Kinawashirikisha waimbaji, wanamuziki, na watu mashuhuri wa kitamaduni. Miongoni mwa wageni wa kwanza alikuwa mwimbaji Papa Wemba, ambaye jukumu lake katika uzinduzi wa kipindi hicho Papy Mboma anasisitiza. Kipindi hicho kinatofautishwa na mahojiano yanayozingatia kazi za wasanii, miradi yao, na mada mbalimbali zinazohusiana na tasnia ya muziki. Mwenyeji wake ameunda mtindo wa mahojiano unaojulikana kwa maswali ya moja kwa moja na mazungumzo ya wazi na wageni wake. Mnamo Septemba 2024, B-One Music ilisherehekea miaka kumi. Katika tukio hili, Papy Mboma anatafakari historia ya kipindi hicho na changamoto zilizojitokeza wakati wa miaka yake ya mwanzo ya uzalishaji. === Majukumu katika B-One SARL === Mnamo Agosti 24, 2022, Papy Mboma alitangaza uteuzi wake kama Mkurugenzi wa Uendeshaji anayesimamia Masoko na Mauzo katika B-One SARL, akiwa na cheo cha Naibu Mkurugenzi Mtendaji. Uteuzi huu unakuja kama sehemu ya upangaji upya wa timu ya usimamizi wa Televisheni ya B-One. Ataendelea na nafasi yake kama mtangazaji kwenye B-One Music. == Uelewa wa Umma == Mnamo Machi 2023, kampuni ya utafiti ya Target SARL ilichapisha matokeo ya utafiti kuhusu watu maarufu zaidi miongoni mwa wakazi wa Kinshasa. Kulingana na utafiti huu, uliofanywa na watu 4,310 waliohojiwa katika wilaya 24 za mji mkuu kati ya Desemba 19, 2022, na Januari 4, 2023, Papy Mboma aliongoza orodha ya watu mashuhuri wa vyombo vya habari waliotajwa, akiwa na 21% ya majibu. Aliwazidi Israël Mutombo, Mamie Ilela, na Christian Lusakweno, kulingana na matokeo yaliyoripotiwa na Actualite.cd. == Vipindi == * Ambiance Bana ya Matadi * Radio Télé Matadi * B-One Music * B-One Television * Niambie mpenzi * B-One Radio, kipindi kilichotajwa katika mahojiano yake ya 2016. [[Jamii:watu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] jjw59ft0fvc0iwsvjofvlyv4a4wumb5 0 256649 1613741 1612861 2026-11-05T13:31:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613741 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:The Grimsby Ice Company Building - geograph.org.uk - 390198.jpg|thumb|Kiwanda cha Barafu cha Grimsby, kilichopo katika mji wa Grimsby, nchini [[Uingereza]], kilijengwa mwaka 1900.]] '''Kiwanda cha Barafu cha Grimsby''' (kwa Kiingereza: ''Grimsby Ice Factory'') ni [[kiwanda]] cha zamani kilichopo katika mji wa Grimsby, nchini [[Uingereza]]. Kiwanda hicho kilijengwa kati ya mwaka 1898 na 1901 kwa lengo la kuzalisha barafu iliyosagwa kwa ajili ya kuhifadhi samaki waliokuwa kwenye meli katika bandari ya Grimsby.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-21564451</ref> Kiwanda hicho kiliendelea kufanya kazi hadi mwaka 1990<ref>https://www.itv.com/news/calendar/update/2013-10-08/factfile-grimsby-ice-factory-and-kasbah/</ref>. Majengo yake bado yana baadhi ya mashine za kihistoria zilizotumika tangu kilipoanza kufanya kazi. Katika kipindi chake cha uzalishaji mkubwa, kiwanda hicho kilikuwa kikizalisha tani 1,200 za barafu kwa siku. Jengo hilo lina ukubwa wa mita za mraba 4,350 na wakati mmoja lilikuwa kiwanda kikubwa zaidi cha barafu duniani. Kwa sasa, jengo hilo linaendelea kuharibika. Imeelezwa kuwa linaweza hatimaye kuporomoka iwapo juhudi za kulirejesha katika hali nzuri hazitachukuliwa. Aidha, mashine za kihistoria zilizopo katika eneo hilo ziko hatarini kuharibika kutokana na kuathiriwa na hali ya hewa, kwa sababu paa la jengo hilo halizuii maji kuingia. == Uendeshaji == Kiwanda hicho kilitumia mashine nne za kukandamiza amonia zilizotengenezwa na kampuni ya Pontifex. Mashine hizo ziliendeshwa kwa kutumia mvuke uliotengenezwa na mitambo ya kuchemsha maji ya aina ya Lancashire<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090645/http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Grimsby-Ice-House-treasure-worth-saving-says-BBC/story-25824484-detail/story.html</ref>. Uzalishaji wa barafu uliongezeka mwaka 1933, baada ya jenereta za umeme kuchukua nafasi ya nishati ya mvuke. Baada ya kuanza kutumia umeme, mashine mbili za kukandamiza amonia za kampuni ya Linde zilizokuwa zikitumika zilibadilishwa na mashine nne za kukandamiza amonia zenye silinda nne na vali za wima, zilizotengenezwa na kampuni ya J & E Hall. Mashine hizo za J & E Hall bado zipo ndani ya jengo hilo hadi leo. Zimeelezwa kuwa ndizo mfano pekee uliosalia wa aina hiyo ya vifaa. Kiwanda hicho kilitumia mfumo wa makopo ya chuma yaliyojazwa maji na kushushwa ndani ya tangi lililokuwa na myeyusho wa brini ya kloridi ya kalsiamu. Myeyusho huo ulipozwa kwa kutumia mirija maalumu iliyokuwa ndani ya matangi na iliyojazwa kimiminika cha amonia kilichotumika kama jokofu. Baada ya maji kuganda na kuwa barafu ndani ya makopo hayo, makopo yaliwekwa kwenye tangi maalumu ili kurahisisha barafu kujitenga na makopo. Barafu hiyo ilielea juu ya maji. {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} Kisha barafu ilisagwa na kupelekwa kwa meli za uvuvi zilizokuwa katika bandari ya Grimsby. == Picha == <gallery> Faili:Grimsby_Ice_Factory_-_Compressor_Room_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1191549.jpg|Mashine za kukandamiza amonia katika kiwanda hicho mwaka 1990 Faili:Grimsby_Ice_Factory_-_Compressor_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1191546.jpg|Mwonekano wa karibu wa mashine ya kukandamiza amonia mwaka 1990 Faili:Grimsby_Ice_Factory_-_Slab_Ice_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1191556.jpg|Vipande vya barafu vilivyotengenezwa kabla ya kusagwa mwaka 1990 </gallery> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:Historia ya Uingereza]] lmtcp7f3gxk66yxo9i2bjzk4p5h0rwh 0 256650 1613738 1613519 2026-11-05T13:30:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613738 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nona Mildred Hildyard''' (4 Novemba 1888 – 23 Oktoba 1915) alikuwa muuguzi kutoka [[New Zealand]] ambaye alitumikia katika Vita Vikuu vya Kwanza vya Dunia na alifariki katika kuzama kwa meli ya SS ''Marquette'' mnamo 1915.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.lytteltonmuseum.co.nz/service-and-sacrifice-1-1/|title=Nona Hildyard|website=Lyttelton Museum|access-date=2016-06-26|archive-date=12 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160812234242/http://www.lytteltonmuseum.co.nz/service-and-sacrifice-1-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~nzlscant/marquette.htm|title='Marquette'. Thirty-one New Zealanders died on 23 Oct. 1915.|website=www.rootsweb.ancestry.com|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> [[File:New Zealand nurses on board SS Maheno, 1915.jpg|thumb|Kundi lisilojulikana la wauguzi wa New Zealand kwenye meli ya SS ''Maheno'', 1915]] == Maisha ya zamani == Hildyard alizaliwa huko Lyttelton, karibu na Christchurch, New Zealand, tarehe 4 Novemba 1888, kwa William na Betsy Ann Hildyard. Baba yake alikuwa mtengenezaji wa viatu na Diwani wa Wilaya ya Lyttelton. Hildyard alihudhuria Shule ya West Lyttelton na Shule ya Upili ya Wilaya ya Lyttelton. Alipata mafunzo ya uuguzi katika Hospitali ya Christchurch.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya mafunzo yake ya awali, Hildyard alifanya kazi kwa daktari wa Christchurch, A.C. Sandston, na baadaye katika hospitali ya kibinafsi ya Nurse Turner huko Woolston. == Vita Vikuu vya Kwanza vya Dunia == Mnamo Juni 1915, Hildyard alichaguliwa kujiunga na Huduma ya Uuguzi ya Jeshi la Royal New Zealand. Aliondoka [[Wellington]] mnamo Julai kwenye meli ya SS ''Maheno'', akisafiri na wauguzi wengine 69 wa New Zealand, na kuwasili huko [[Port Said]], [[Misri]], mnamo Agosti. Mnamo 19 Oktoba, kitengo cha hospitali kilipanda meli ya SS ''Marquette'' huko [[Alexandria]], lakini siku nne baadaye ilishambuliwa kwa kombora na manowari ya Ujerumani na kuzama. Hildyard alijeruhiwa na boti ya kuokolewa iliyoanguka, na ingawa aliishi kwa saa kadhaa, hatimaye alifariki majini kabla meli ya uokoaji haijawasili.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://gg.govt.nz/content/marquette-centennial-memorial-service-nurses|title=Marquette Centennial Memorial Service for Nurses {{!}} The Governor-General of New Zealand Te Kawana Tianara o Aotearoa|website=gg.govt.nz|date=23 October 2015 |accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> Walionusurika waliripoti kwamba aliimba akiwa ndani ya maji, ili kuweka moyo mkunjufu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nursingreview.co.nz/news-feed/2015/service-commemorates-lost-nurses/#.V3eCLfl97IU|title=Nursing Review: New Zealand's Latest Nursing News on, Health, Education, Nursing, Clinical, Mental health, Aged care, Maori health, Enrolled nursing and Professional development|website=www.nursingreview.co.nz|accessdate=2 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407055139/http://www.nursingreview.co.nz/news-feed/2015/service-commemorates-lost-nurses/#.V3eCLfl97IU|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Utambuzi na Heshima === Mnamo 1916, watu wa Lyttelton walichangisha fedha na kumwagiza msanii Richard Wallwork kuchora picha ya Hildyard, ambayo iliwasilishwa kwa Baraza la Manispaa mnamo 1917.<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo 2006 picha hiyo ilihamishiwa kwenye Christchurch Art Gallery.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://christchurchartgallery.org.nz/collection/2009-044|title=Nona Hildyard Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu|website=christchurchartgallery.org.nz|accessdate=26 June 2016}}</ref> Hildyard ametajwa kwenye Ukumbusho wa Vita vya Lyttelton, Makaburi ya Vita ya Mikra British Cemetery nchini Ugiriki na katika Nurses' Memorial Chapel katika Hospitali ya Christchurch.<ref name=":1" /> Pia anakumbukwa katika dirisha la Five Sisters window katika Kanisa Kuu la York Minster huko York, Uingereza.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.aucklandmuseum.com/war-memorial/online-cenotaph/record/C6910|title=Nora Mildred Hildyard|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Auckland War Memorial Museum|accessdate=27 June 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1888]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1915]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa New Zealand]] o6t20nk9ev10lr2aih958zrljgz10p4 0 256651 1613737 1612864 2026-11-05T13:30:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613737 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Suleiman the Magnificent's arrival at the palace in Atmeydanı for the circumcision ceremony of his princes Mustafa, Mehmed, and Selim (Hünernâme).jpg|thumb|Kuingia kwa Suleiman Mkuu katika kasri lililokuwa Atmeydanı, wakati wa sherehe ya tohara ya wanawe wa kiume, Mustafa, Mehmed na Selim (Hünername).]] '''Hünername''' (kwa Kituruki cha Kiothmani: هنرنامه, maana yake ni ''Kitabu cha Vipaji''; TSMK H.1523–1524) ni muswada wenye vielelezo uliokamilishwa kati ya mwaka 1584 na 1588 katika kasri la utawala la Waothmani. Tangu wakati huo, umehifadhiwa katika Kasri la Topkapı mjini [[Istanbul]]. Muswada huo una historia ya masultani wa Milki ya Ottoman, hasa historia ya Suleiman Mkuu. Umegawanywa katika juzuu mbili na kupambwa kwa vielelezo vidogo 89 vinavyoenea katika kurasa mbili. Ni miongoni mwa miswada maarufu zaidi ya Kiothmani. Historia Uandishi wa historia hii kwa lengo la kuwatukuza masultani wa Waothmani ulianzishwa na wanahistoria rasmi wa utawala, Fethullah Arifi Çelebi (aliyefariki mwaka 1561 au 1562) na Shirvanli Eflatun (aliyefariki mwaka 1569 au 1570). Baada ya kusimama kwa takribani miaka kumi, kipindi kilicholingana na utawala wa Selim II, kazi hiyo iliendelezwa na mrithi wao, Seyyid Lokman. Aliteuliwa na Murad III kusimamia uandishi wa historia rasmi ya utawala. Seyyid Lokman alianza kuandika kazi hiyo mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1578, huenda kwa pendekezo la waziri mkuu Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, ambaye alikuwa mfadhili na mlezi wake. Hapo awali, juzuu nne zilipangwa kuandikwa, lakini ni juzuu mbili tu zilizokamilishwa. Juzuu mbili zilizobaki zilipangwa kuelezea historia ya Selim II na Murad III. Rasimu ya maandishi ilikamilishwa mwaka 1579–1580, lakini kazi hiyo iliendelezwa tena miaka michache baadaye. Vielelezo vya muswada huo vilitengenezwa na karakana ya kifalme iliyokuwa chini ya uongozi wa Nakkaş Osman. Juzuu ya kwanza ilikamilishwa mwaka 1584, na ya pili mwaka 1588<ref>https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hunername</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=f67qIxJrpTMC&dq=hunername&pg=PA133&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref>. Baada ya kukamilika, muswada huo ulihifadhiwa katika maktaba ya Kasri la Topkapı, ambako bado upo hadi leo. Maelezo Juzuu ya kwanza imejikita katika historia ya masultani tisa wa kwanza wa Waothmani. Ina vielelezo vidogo 37, vikiwemo picha za kila sultani na matukio yanayoonyesha ujasiri na hekima zao. Kitabu kinaanza kwa mchoro wa Kasri la Topkapı pamoja na nyua zake mbalimbali. Juzuu ya pili imejikita hasa katika historia ya utawala wa Suleiman Mkuu. Ina vielelezo vidogo 52 vinavyoonyesha sifa mbalimbali za mtawala huyo, zikiwemo uwindaji, vita, ukarimu na uchamungu wake. Maandishi hayo hayakuwasilishwa kama simulizi la matukio, bali kama maelezo ya sifa za mwanadamu mkamilifu na ukaribu wake na [[Mtume Muhammad]]. Vielelezo hivyo pia vinaonyesha nafasi ya Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, ambaye aliwahi kuwa waziri mkuu wakati wa utawala wa Suleiman na Murad III. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-kitabu}} [[Jamii:Historia ya Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Vitabu]] f4powbyqcgvol93lst0xfc71da2r9e3 0 256652 1613735 1612866 2026-11-05T13:28:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613735 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Haupthaus Villa Massimo.jpg|thumb|Jengo kuu la Villa Massimo.]] '''Villa Massimo''' ni jina fupi la Deutsche Akademie Rom Villa Massimo (kwa [[Kiitalia]]: ''Accademia Tedesca Roma Villa Massimo''), taasisi ya kitamaduni ya [[Ujerumani]] iliyopo mjini [[Roma]], [[Italia]]. [[Taasisi]] hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka 1910 na ipo katika jengo la Villa Massimo. Ufadhili wa masomo wa Chuo cha Ujerumani mjini Roma, ambao mara nyingi hujulikana kama Tuzo ya Roma ya Ujerumani, ni miongoni mwa tuzo muhimu zinazotolewa kwa wasanii mashuhuri ili kuwawezesha kufanya masomo na utafiti nje ya nchi. Tuzo hiyo huwapa washindi nafasi za kukaa na kufanya kazi kwa mwaka mmoja katika Villa Massimo mjini Roma, au kwa miezi mitatu katika Casa Baldi, iliyopo Olevano Romano. Tuzo hizo hutolewa kwa wasanii waliofanya kazi bora nchini Ujerumani na katika nchi nyingine, wakiwemo wasanifu majengo, watunzi wa muziki, waandishi na wasanii wa fani mbalimbali<ref>https://www.tip-berlin.de/kultur/ausstellungen/nacht-der-villa-massimo-im-gropius-bau/</ref>. Mwanzilishi wa taasisi hiyo alikuwa mfadhili na mjasiriamali Eduard Arnhold. Mwaka 1910, alinunua eneo lenye ukubwa wa mita za mraba 36,000, ambalo hapo awali lilikuwa na jumba la kifahari la familia ya kifalme ya Massimo. Arnhold aliagiza ujenzi wa jengo kuu, ambalo lilikuwa jumba kubwa lililofaa kwa shughuli rasmi, pamoja na studio kumi za kisasa zilizokuwa na sehemu za makazi za binafsi. Baadaye, Arnhold alitoa jumba hilo pamoja na samani zake za kifahari kwa [[Prussia|Serikali ya Prussia]]. Kwa sasa, Villa Massimo inasimamiwa na Wizara ya Shirikisho ya Ujerumani inayohusika na Masuala ya Utamaduni na Vyombo vya Habari. Kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi Juni 2019, Joachim Blüher alikuwa mkurugenzi wa chuo hicho. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na Julia Draganović. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Roma]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Ujerumani]] td0bsp34ztcjs17ibrpvymjmo18hpqu 0 256653 1613734 1613525 2026-11-05T13:27:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Holden''' (27 Novemba 1890 – 21 Aprili 1917) alikuwa mtaalamu wa botania ya viumbe vya kale na muuguzi wa Marekani, ambaye alifariki nchini [[Urusi]] wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Kwanza vya Dunia]]. == Wasifu == Ruth Holden alizaliwa mnamo 27 Novemba 1890, huko [[Attleboro, Massachusetts|Attleboro]], [[Massachusetts]]. Alikulia katika jiji hilo na wazazi wake Charles na Caroline Holden. Alikuwa na ndugu wawili, dada yake mkubwa, Alice, na mdogo wake wa kiume, John. Baba yake alikuwa daktari.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=5062|title=Massachusetts, Birth Records, 1840–1915|last=Holden|first=Ruth|website=search.ancestry.com|language=en-US|access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7602|title=1900 US Federal Census Records|last=Holden|first=Ruth|website=search.ancestry.com|language=en-US|access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> Alisoma katika Shule ya Upili ya Attleborough ambapo alikuwa mwanafunzi aliyetoa hotuba ya kuagana na wenzao (valedictorian) wa darasa la 1907;<ref>{{Rejea habari|date=6 Aug 1913|title=WILL STUDY IN ENGLAND|volume=LXXXIV|pages=13|work=The Boston Globe|issue=37|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/430925614/|url-access=subscription|access-date=19 February 2022|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> kisha akasoma katika Chuo cha Radcliffe, Harvard. Alihitimu kutoka Radcliffe mnamo 1911 na akapokea shahada yake ya uzamili (MA) mwaka uliofuatia. Wakati akiwa Radcliffe, alisoma fani ya botania ya viumbe vya kale (Paleobotany) chini ya Profesa E. C. Jeffrey].<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00627|title=Biography of Ruth Holden at Holden, Ruth, 1890–1917|website=oasis.lib.harvard.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403093726/http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00627|archive-date=April 3, 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref> Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Caroline Wilby kwa ajili ya tasnifu yake iliyokuwa na kichwa ''Reduction and Reversion in the North American Salicales''.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://archive.org/details/requirementsfora1911radc|title=Radcliffe College 1911|publisher=Radcliffe College|year=1911|pages=[https://archive.org/details/requirementsfora1911radc/page/57 57]–58}}</ref> Alitumia fedha kutoka kwa tuzo hii na tuzo nyingine za kitaaluma kuendeleza shauku yake katika uwindaji wa visukuku. Kwa mfano, alikusanya visukuku huko [[Prince Edward Island]] na [[New Brunswick]] nchini Kanada katika msimu wa joto wa 1911.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nbm-mnb.ca/magnificent_rocks-roches_magnifiques/the_periods-les_periodes/permian_triassic_jurassic-permien_trias_jurassique/people-les_gens/ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_and_abby_othman-ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_et_abby_othman-eng/|title=Ruth Holden, Howard Falcon-Lang and Abby Othman|last=New Brunswick Museum|date=August 2013|website=www.nbm-mnb.ca|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619083949/http://www.nbm-mnb.ca/magnificent_rocks-roches_magnifiques/the_periods-les_periodes/permian_triassic_jurassic-permien_trias_jurassique/people-les_gens/ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_and_abby_othman-ruth_holden_howard_falcon_lang_et_abby_othman-eng/|archive-date=June 19, 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=November 4, 2018}}</ref> Mnamo 1912, Holden alifanya safari yake ya kwanza kwenda Uingereza ambapo alihudhuria "Mkutano wa Majira ya Joto" katika [[University of Cambridge|Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge]] ambapo aliweza kuchunguza mkusanyiko wao wa mimea ya visukuku.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Seward|first=A. C.|date=May 1917|journal=New Phytologist|language=en|volume=16|issue=5–6|pages=154–156|doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1917.tb07237.x|issn=0028-646X|title=Ruth Holden (1890-1917)|doi-access=free|bibcode=1917NewPh..16..154S }}</ref> Alirudi Uingereza mnamo 1913 baada ya kupata Ushirika wa Ulaya kutoka American Association of University Women(AAUW) na kuanza utafiti wa botania ya viumbe vya kale katika Chuo cha Newnham, Cambridge.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.aauw.org/2014/07/23/not-all-patriots-are-fighters/|title=Not All Patriots Are Fighters|last=Beckman|first=Elizabeth|date=July 23, 2014|work=AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881|access-date=June 19, 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=June 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619113242/https://www.aauw.org/2014/07/23/not-all-patriots-are-fighters/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kufuatia kuzuka kwa [[Vita Vikuu vya Kwanza vya Dunia]], Holden alianza kuhudhuria mihadhara iliyotolewa na [[Msalaba Mwekundu]].<ref name=":0" /> Gazeti la *Cambridge Independent Press* liliripoti kwamba alipokea cheti cha kwanza cha "Msaada wa Kwanza kwa Waliojeruhiwa" mnamo 2 Janairu 1915.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000418/19150122/070/0005|title=Red Cross Training, Presentation of Certificates by the Mayor|date=January 22, 1915|work=Cambridge Independent Press|access-date=June 19, 2018|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Katika mwaka mzima wa 1915 alifanya kazi ya muda kama mtunza wodi katika Hospitali ya Msaidizi iliyoko Cintra Terrace huko Cambridge.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=GBM/RED-CROSS/008635|title=British Army, British Red Cross Society volunteers 1914–1918 Transcription|last=Holden|first=Ruth|website=search.findmypast.co.uk|language=en|access-date=June 19, 2018}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Mnamo Agosti 1915, alitunukiwa Ushirika wa Washiriki (Associates' Fellowship) na Chuo cha Newnham. Hii ilimpatia pauni 100 kila mwaka kwa miaka mitatu ili kumwezesha "kuendelea na kazi yake katika botania ya visukuku".<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=Newnham College Awards|work=The Times|issue=40946|location=London, England|date=August 30, 1915|page=4}}</ref> Walakini, aliamua kusitisha masomo yake na mapema mnamo 1916, alijiunga na kitengo cha kwanza cha matibabu cha Millicent Fawcett kilichoendeshwa na Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service. Kitengo hicho kiliondoka London tarehe 29 Januari na kuelekea [[Saint Petersburg|Petrograd]] nchini [[Russia|Urusi]] ili kuanzisha hospitali za uzazi kwa ajili ya wakimbizi wa Kipolandi. Kitengo hicho kilikuwa na Holden (muuguzi msaidizi), madaktari wawili, matroni, wauguzi wengine watatu, afisa wa usafi, mtoa misaada ya kiuchumi, na katibu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001896/19160131/081/0004|title=TO SAVE RUSSIA'S BABIES. Women's Maternity unit for Petrograd|date=January 31, 1916|work=Nottingham Journal|access-date=June 19, 2018|via=British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Kisha akaenda [[Kazan]] kusaidia kuanzisha hospitali mpya kwa ajili ya watoto wakimbizi wa Kipolandi. Aliweza hata kuendelea na utafiti wake wa botania ya viumbe vya kale katika chuo kikuu cha huko, hata hivyo, muda mwingi wake ulitumika kusafiri kote nchini Urusi kusaidia kusambaza vifaa kwa hospitali mbalimbali. Inaaminika kwamba wakati wa safari hizi Ruth Holden aliambukizwa homa ya matumbo (Typhoid fever), ugonjwa uliodumu kwa miezi mingi hadi 1917. Ingawa alionekana kupona, alianza kuteseka na ugonjwa wa utando wa ubongo unaosababishwa na kifua kikuu (tubercular meningitis) na hatimaye alifariki katika usingizi wake wakati wa jioni ya tarehe 21 Aprili 1917.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article37993796|title=GENERAL ITEMS.|date=August 10, 1917|work=Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 – 1954)|access-date=June 19, 2018|pages=35}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/8/archival_objects/1521842|title=Biographical accounts of Ruth Holden: Edward C. Jeffrey, photocopy of ms. excerpts of article published in Annals of Botany, August 1918. {{!}} HOLLIS for Archival Discovery|website=hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu|language=en|access-date=June 19, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1890]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1917]] [[Jamii:wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] 95yb3tuhllt6gibmak7sinknapzx07j 0 256654 1613729 1612869 2026-11-05T13:24:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[King's Gate]] hadi [[Lango la Mfalme]]: jina la Kiswahili 1612869 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img18 Kings Gate.jpg|thumb|Lango la Mfalme mwaka 2017.]] '''Lango la Mfalme''' (kwa Kirusi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Королевские ворота<nowiki>''</nowiki>, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Korolevskie vorota<nowiki>''</nowiki>; kwa [[Kijerumani]]: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Königstor<nowiki>''</nowiki>) ni mojawapo ya malango sita ya zamani yaliyojengwa katika karne ya 19 kuzunguka mji wa Kaliningrad, ambao zamani ulijulikana kama Königsberg, nchini Prussia. Hapo awali, lango hilo lilijulikana kama Lango la Gumbinnen (kwa Kijerumani: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Gumbinner Tor<nowiki>''</nowiki>). Lilijengwa mwaka 1765 pembezoni mwa eneo la Neue Sorge. Mwaka 1811 lilipewa jina la Lango la Mfalme na kuwa mwisho wa barabara kuu ya Königstraße. Lango hilo lilibuniwa upya mwaka 1850 na Friedrich August Stüler. Sehemu yake ya magharibi ina sanamu tatu zilizotengenezwa kwa mawe ya mchanga (sandstone) na kuchongwa na msanii Wilhelm Stürmer. Sanamu hizo ziko takribani mita tisa kutoka ardhini. Upande wa kushoto kuna sanamu ya mfalme wa Bohemia, Ottokar II wa Bohemia, ambaye jina lake lilihusishwa na mji wa Königsberg. Katikati kuna sanamu ya Frederick I wa Prussia, mfalme wa kwanza wa Prussia. Upande wa kulia kuna sanamu ya Albert, Duke wa Prussia, mtawala wa kwanza wa Prussia na mwanzilishi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Albertina. Juu ya sanamu hizo kuna nembo za kihistoria za maeneo ya Samland na Natangen. Lango hilo liliharibiwa wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Aidha, katika sherehe za kwanza za ushindi, wanajeshi wa Kisovieti walikata vichwa vya sanamu zilizokuwa kwenye lango hilo. Mwezi Juni mwaka 2005, wakati wa maadhimisho ya miaka 750 tangu kuanzishwa kwa mji huo, lango lilifanyiwa ukarabati. Miezi michache kabla ya sherehe hizo, jengo hilo lilikuwa katika hali mbaya sana. Hata hivyo, ndani ya majuma machache lilirejeshwa katika hali yake ya kabla ya vita. Sanamu zilizokarabatiwa kikamilifu ziliwekwa tena mahali pa zile zilizokuwa zimekatwa vichwa. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Historia]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni]] [[Jamii:Ujerumani]] 4yd0atwf13i5s6zu7wg89se355j26a2 1613731 1613729 2026-11-05T13:24:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613731 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kaliningrad 05-2017 img18 Kings Gate.jpg|thumb|Lango la Mfalme mwaka 2017.]] '''Lango la Mfalme''' (kwa Kirusi: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Королевские ворота<nowiki>''</nowiki>, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Korolevskie vorota<nowiki>''</nowiki>; kwa [[Kijerumani]]: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Königstor<nowiki>''</nowiki>) ni mojawapo ya malango sita ya zamani yaliyojengwa katika karne ya 19 kuzunguka mji wa Kaliningrad, ambao zamani ulijulikana kama Königsberg, nchini Prussia. Hapo awali, lango hilo lilijulikana kama Lango la Gumbinnen (kwa Kijerumani: <nowiki>''</nowiki>Gumbinner Tor<nowiki>''</nowiki>). Lilijengwa mwaka 1765 pembezoni mwa eneo la Neue Sorge. Mwaka 1811 lilipewa jina la Lango la Mfalme na kuwa mwisho wa barabara kuu ya Königstraße. Lango hilo lilibuniwa upya mwaka 1850 na Friedrich August Stüler. Sehemu yake ya magharibi ina sanamu tatu zilizotengenezwa kwa mawe ya mchanga (sandstone) na kuchongwa na msanii Wilhelm Stürmer. Sanamu hizo ziko takribani mita tisa kutoka ardhini. Upande wa kushoto kuna sanamu ya mfalme wa Bohemia, Ottokar II wa Bohemia, ambaye jina lake lilihusishwa na mji wa Königsberg. Katikati kuna sanamu ya Frederick I wa Prussia, mfalme wa kwanza wa Prussia. Upande wa kulia kuna sanamu ya Albert, Duke wa Prussia, mtawala wa kwanza wa Prussia na mwanzilishi wa Chuo Kikuu cha Albertina. Juu ya sanamu hizo kuna nembo za kihistoria za maeneo ya Samland na Natangen. Lango hilo liliharibiwa wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Aidha, katika sherehe za kwanza za ushindi, wanajeshi wa Kisovieti walikata vichwa vya sanamu zilizokuwa kwenye lango hilo. Mwezi Juni mwaka 2005, wakati wa maadhimisho ya miaka 750 tangu kuanzishwa kwa mji huo, lango lilifanyiwa ukarabati. Miezi michache kabla ya sherehe hizo, jengo hilo lilikuwa katika hali mbaya sana. Hata hivyo, ndani ya majuma machache lilirejeshwa katika hali yake ya kabla ya vita. Sanamu zilizokarabatiwa kikamilifu ziliwekwa tena mahali pa zile zilizokuwa zimekatwa vichwa. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:majengo ya Urusi]] 0e0zciruq64o1qypxtfh0yvvtomznwy 0 256655 1613732 1612872 2026-11-05T13:25:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Per Malte Lennart "Plura" Jonsson''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[10 Agosti]] 1951) ni [[mwimbaji]], [[mtunzi]] wa [[nyimbo]] na [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Kwa muda mrefu amekuwa mwanachama wa bendi ya muziki wa rock ya Uswidi iitwayo Eldkvarn, sambamba na kazi zake za muziki wa kujitegemea. Mwaka 2014, alitoa pia albamu kwa ushirikiano na Mauro Scocco, chini ya jina la Mauro & Plura. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Jonsson pia ameandika vitabu kadhaa. == Kazi za muziki wa kujitegemea == Mwaka 1996, alitoa albamu yake iliyoitwa Plura, ambayo ilijumuisha wimbo wake mmoja maarufu ulioitwa "Sången jag sparade till dig". == Katika bendi ya Eldkvarn == Mbali na kazi zake za muziki wa kujitegemea, tangu miaka ya 1970 amekuwa mwanachama wa bendi ya rock ya Uswidi iitwayo Eldkvarn. Bendi hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka 1971 katika mji wa Norrköping. Wanachama wake ni Plura Jonsson, ambaye ndiye mtunzi mkuu wa nyimbo, mwimbaji na mpiga gitaa la midundo; kaka yake, Carl Jonsson, ambaye ni mpiga gitaa kuu, pia hutunga nyimbo na kuimba sauti za usaidizi; pamoja na Tony Thorén, mpiga besi ambaye amezalisha albamu kadhaa za Eldkvarn na za wasanii wengine. Bendi hiyo imekuwa na shughuli nyingi za kimuziki na inatambuliwa sana kama mojawapo ya bendi bora za muziki wa rock nchini Uswidi. Pia ina mashabiki katika nchi nyingine za Nordic<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/m68X2q/nygifta-plura-fick-sin-maria</ref>. == Televisheni == Kutokana na umaarufu wake, Jonsson ameshiriki katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni. Miongoni mwa vilivyojulikana zaidi ni mfululizo wa televisheni wa mwaka 2008 ulioitwa Vem tror du att du är?. Mwaka 2010, alishiriki katika msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha televisheni cha Uswidi kilichoitwa Så mycket bättre. Katika kipindi hicho, wasanii mbalimbali hukutana, hushirikiana na kuimba matoleo yao wenyewe ya nyimbo za wenzao. == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2012, alifunga ndoa na Maria Sjöstedt, ambaye alikuwa mwenzi wake wa muda mrefu. Ana watoto wanne aliowapata na wanawake watatu tofauti. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Watunzi wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] m0jk9rfee0i0wd6ohhl6s2ynb9nbsc0 0 256656 1613728 1612874 2026-11-05T13:23:38Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Margaret T. Munyagi''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Eng. Margreth Munyagi''') ni mhandisi na mtaalamu wa usafiri wa anga nchini [[Tanzania]]. Anafahamika zaidi kwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa kwanza wa Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga Tanzania ([[TCAA]]) baada ya kuundwa kwake upya kama chombo huru cha udhibiti, wadhifa aliohudumu hadi alipostaafu Utumishi wa Umma mnamo Oktoba [[2010]].<ref name="insight-tcaa">{{cite web |url=https://unitedrepublicoftanzania.com/economy-of-tanzania/infrastructure-in-tanzania/insight-tanzania-civil-aviation-authority-tcaa/ |title=Insight: Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority (TCAA) |website=United Republic of Tanzania |language=en |access-date=4 Machi 2026}}</ref> Pia amewahi kuhudumu kama Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Usajili wa Waandisi Tanzania (ERB)<ref name="erb-news">{{cite web |url=http://eonyango.blogspot.com/2010/09/erb-celebrates-engineers-day.html |title=ERB celebrates engineers' day |date=18 Septemba 2010 |access-date=4 Machi 2026}}</ref> na Mjumbe wa Bodi ya Shirika la Uhifadhi na Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Usafiri wa Anga la Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki (EAC CASSOA).<ref name="cassoa-board">{{cite web |url=https://www.cassoa.org/about-us/board/ |title=Board Members – CASSOA |website=Civil Aviation Safety and Security Oversight Agency |language=en |access-date=4 Machi 2026}}</ref> == Elimu na Wasifu wa Kazi == Injinia Munyagi ana uzoefu wa zaidi ya miaka 30 katika sekta ya usafiri wa anga na uhandisi. Mnamo Septemba [[1998]], aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Idara ya Usafiri wa Anga (DCA) kabla ya idara hiyo kubadilishwa kuwa Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga Tanzania (TCAA) chini ya mfumo wa Wakala wa Serikali mnamo Machi [[1999]].<ref name="insight-tcaa" /> Mnamo Novemba [[2003]], sheria mpya ya usafiri wa anga (Civil Aviation Act No. 10 of 2003) ilipoanzisha rasmi TCAA kama mamlaka huru ya udhibiti wa sekta ya anga na huduma za uratibu wa anga, Eng. Munyagi alihudumu kama Kaimu Mkurugenzi Mkuu. Mnamo Julai [[2004]], alithibitishwa rasmi kuwa Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa kwanza wa mamlaka hiyo.<ref name="tcaa-history">{{cite web |url=http://tcaatanzania.blogspot.com/p/evolvement-of-civil-aviation.html |title=Evolvement of Civil Aviation in Tanzania |website=Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority |access-date=4 Machi 2026}}</ref> Wakati wa uongozi wake TCAA, Eng. Munyagi aliongoza mageuzi makubwa ya miundombinu ya anga, kuimarisha mfumo wa usalama wa usafiri wa anga, pamoja na kusimamia mafunzo ya wataalamu wa uratibu wa anga (''Air Traffic Control'') kupitia Chuo cha Usafiri wa Anga cha TCAA (CATC).<ref name="insight-tcaa" /> Aliendelea kuongoza taasisi hiyo hadi Oktoba 2010 alipostaafu Utumishi wa Umma na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Fadhil Manongi.<ref name="tcaa-history" /> == Uongozi katika Sekta ya Uhandisi na Kanda == Nje ya TCAA, Eng. Margaret Munyagi ameshikilia nafasi mbalimbali za uongozi nchini na katika ngazi ya kikanda: * '''Bodi ya Usajili wa Waandisi (ERB):''' Alihudumu kama Makamu Mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Waandisi Tanzania, akihamasisha maendeleo ya taaluma ya uhandisi nchini.<ref name="erb-news" /> * '''EAC CASSOA:''' Amewahi kuhudumu kama Mtaalamu wa Usafiri wa Anga (Aviation Expert) na Mjumbe wa Bodi ya Wakurugenzi ya Shirika la Usimamizi wa Usalama wa Anga la EAC.<ref name="cassoa-board" /> == Angalia Pia == * [[Mamlaka ya Usafiri wa Anga Tanzania]] * [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mtanzania}} [[Jamii:Wahandisi wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] m2gr32m4xbiidwwgee1id535hdeeofw 0 256657 1613727 1612875 2026-11-05T13:22:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ulf Olav Johanson''' (pia aliwahi kutajwa kwa majina ya ''Johnason'' na ''Johansson''; [[3 Februari]] [[1922]], Stockholm – [[15 Februari]] [[1990]], Stockholm) alikuwa mwigizaji kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 1983, alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0423885/</ref>. == Filamu alizoshiriki == * Hans majestäts rival (1943) – Mlinzi wa kifalme (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Crisis (1946) – Mpiga piano (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Det glada kalaset (1946) – Polisi. * It Rains on Our Love (1946) – Stålvispen. * Music in Darkness (1948) – Mwanaume aliyekuwa akisubiri treni (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Singoalla (1949) – Mjumbe aliyepanda farasi (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Number 17 (1949) – Henry. * Regementets ros (1950) – Daktari. * She Came Like the Wind (1952) – Listmannen. * Bom the Flyer (1952) – Nahodha (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Barabbas (1953) – Yosefu wa Arimathaya (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * The Road to Klockrike (1953) – Msomiwa wa Uswidi aliyebaki bila kazi (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Bill Bergson and the White Rose Rescue (1953) – Peters. * Stupid Bom (1953) – Nilsson. * Our Father and the Gypsy (1954) – Axel Axelsson (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Hjälpsamma herrn (1954) – Larsson. * Taxi 13 (1954) – Mwanaume mwenye ugomvi. * Flicka utan namn (1954) – Jirani. * Ung sommar (1954). * Laugh Bomb (1954) – Kamishna wa polisi. * Mord, lilla vän (1955) – Olle Sivert. * Smiles of a Summer Night (1955) – Karani wa sheria (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * The Light from Lund (1955) – Mchungaji (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Night Child (1956) – Polisi asiyevaa sare (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * The Biscuit (1956) – Jacquetten (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * The Seventh Seal (1957) – Kamanda wa wapiganaji (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Mother Takes a Vacation (1957) – Jocke. * Wild Strawberries (1957) – Bw. Borg, baba yake Isak (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * You Are My Adventure (1958) – Profesa (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * The Jazz Boy (1958) – Mkuu wa taa katika ukumbi wa China. * Fröken Chic (1959) – Afisa wa kukamata mali (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Swinging at the Castle (1959) – Sixten Fyltegård. * Heaven and Pancake (1959) – Alvar Sund. * Lyckodrömmen (1963) – Raskling. * Den gula bilen (1963) – Johansson. * Adam och Eva (1963) – Mhandisi. * Wild West Story (1964) – Doodle. * All These Women (1964) – Mwanaume aliyevaa mavazi meusi (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * Loving Couples (1964) – Wakili (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * ...för vänskaps skull... (1965) – Mhariri mkuu. * Hej du glada sommar!!! (1965) – Bror Väster. * Myten (1966) – Boman. * Adamsson i Sverige (1966) – Kanali Andersson wa Jeshi la Wokovu. * Tofflan (1967) – Daktari. * Hour of the Wolf (1968) – Heerbrand. * Shame (1968) – Daktari katika chumba cha mahojiano. * Het snö (1968) – Lasse. * Ett möte på Kretjetovkastationen (1970, filamu ya televisheni) – Tveritinov. * Den vita stenen (1973, mfululizo wa televisheni) – Hakimu wa wilaya. * A Handful of Love (1974) – Meneja wa kiufundi. * En enkel melodi (1974) – Baba yake Felix. * The Magic Flute (1975, filamu ya televisheni) – Kuhani wa pili. * Face to Face (1976) – Helmuth Wankel. * Man måste ju leva... (1978) – Arvid. * Henrietta (1983) – Hesabu na mmiliki wa ardhi. * Sommarkvällar på jorden (1987) – Fredrik. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1922]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1990]] 4d2d9ij0g4jetf02o88extrocmfhtlb 0 256680 1613725 1612903 2026-11-05T13:21:44Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wizex'''<ref>https://www.discogs.com/artist/1005351-Wizex</ref> ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] wa dansband kutoka [[Uswidi]], iliyoanzishwa katika mji wa Osby mwaka 1973. Bendi hiyo ilinunua haki za kutumia jina hilo kutoka kwa bendi nyingine iliyoanza mwaka 1957 kwa jina la Ulrik Wittmans Kvintett. Ulrik Wittman alipoondoka katika bendi hiyo mwaka 1963, wanachama waliobaki walianza kutumia jina la Wizex. Jina hilo linapotamkwa kwa Kiswidi husikika kama maneno <nowiki>''vi sex''</nowiki>, yanayomaanisha "sisi sita", na wakati jina hilo lilipoanza kutumiwa bendi ilikuwa na wanachama sita. Kwa sasa, wanachama sita waanzilishi wanatambuliwa kuwa ndio walioanzisha Wizex mwaka 1973, kwa kuwa walinunua haki za kutumia jina hilo. Wizex ilipata umaarufu mkubwa mwaka 1977 baada ya kutumbuiza katika kipindi cha televisheni kilichokuwa kikionyeshwa nchi nzima, Nygammalt. Katika mwaka huo huo, wimbo wao Vagabond uliingia kwa mara ya kwanza katika orodha ya nyimbo kumi bora nchini Uswidi. Mwaka uliofuata, bendi hiyo ilishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya Melodifestivalen ya Uswidi ya mwaka 1978. Baadhi ya nyimbo zilizopata mafanikio makubwa za Wizex ni Tusen och en natt, Djupa vatten, Miss Decibel, Älska mig, Om himlen och Österlen, Flickan, jägarn och priset, Jag måste nå min ängel, Som en symfoni na När vi rör varann. Rekodi ya Take Me To Your Heaven iliuza nakala 235,000. Wimbo huo uliimbwa na Charlotte Nilsson katika mashindano ya Melodifestivalen ya Uswidi mwaka 1999 na kuwa mwanzo wa safari yake ya muziki wa kujitegemea. Wizex pia ilikuwa na nyimbo nyingi zilizofanikiwa katika chati ya muziki ya Svensktoppen. Mwaka 1979, Wizex ilishinda tuzo ya Rockbjörnen iliyotolewa na gazeti la Aftonbladet katika kipengele cha "Bendi Bora ya Dansband ya Mwaka". Hicho ndicho kilikuwa kipindi pekee ambacho kipengele hicho kilijumuishwa katika tuzo hizo. == Wanachama == Kuanzia mwaka 1973, waimbaji wanawake wafuatao wamekuwa waimbaji wakuu wa Wizex. Mwaka huo, Kikki Danielsson pamoja na wanachama wengine waanzilishi walinunua haki za kutumia jina la Wizex: * Kikki Danielsson – aliondoka mwaka 1982. * Lena Pålsson – aliondoka mwaka 1997. * Charlotte Nilsson – aliondoka Septemba 1999. * Paula Pennsäter – aliondoka Machi 2002. * Jessica Sjöholm – aliondoka mwaka 2007. * Anna Sköld – alichukua likizo ya uzazi mwaka 2011. * Lina Wägbo – alijiunga mwaka 2011 kama mbadala wa muda. * Anna Sköld – aliondoka mwaka 2021. * Git Persson – amekuwa mwanachama tangu mwaka 2021. Wanachama wengine mashuhuri wa bendi hiyo ni Danne Stråhed, aliyekuwa mwimbaji wa pili, na Henri Saffer, aliyekuwa mpiga gitaa. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:bendi za muziki]] k2usuqp2e3sqemz84oihsj7h1m7trzu 1613726 1613725 2026-11-05T13:21:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wizex'''<ref>https://www.discogs.com/artist/1005351-Wizex</ref> ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] wa dansband kutoka [[Uswidi]], iliyoanzishwa katika mji wa Osby mwaka 1973. Bendi hiyo ilinunua haki za kutumia jina hilo kutoka kwa bendi nyingine iliyoanza mwaka 1957 kwa jina la Ulrik Wittmans Kvintett. Ulrik Wittman alipoondoka katika bendi hiyo mwaka 1963, wanachama waliobaki walianza kutumia jina la Wizex. Jina hilo linapotamkwa kwa Kiswidi husikika kama maneno <nowiki>''vi sex''</nowiki>, yanayomaanisha "sisi sita", na wakati jina hilo lilipoanza kutumiwa bendi ilikuwa na wanachama sita. Kwa sasa, wanachama sita waanzilishi wanatambuliwa kuwa ndio walioanzisha Wizex mwaka 1973, kwa kuwa walinunua haki za kutumia jina hilo. Wizex ilipata umaarufu mkubwa mwaka 1977 baada ya kutumbuiza katika kipindi cha televisheni kilichokuwa kikionyeshwa nchi nzima, Nygammalt. Katika mwaka huo huo, wimbo wao Vagabond uliingia kwa mara ya kwanza katika orodha ya nyimbo kumi bora nchini Uswidi. Mwaka uliofuata, bendi hiyo ilishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya Melodifestivalen ya Uswidi ya mwaka 1978. Baadhi ya nyimbo zilizopata mafanikio makubwa za Wizex ni Tusen och en natt, Djupa vatten, Miss Decibel, Älska mig, Om himlen och Österlen, Flickan, jägarn och priset, Jag måste nå min ängel, Som en symfoni na När vi rör varann. Rekodi ya Take Me To Your Heaven iliuza nakala 235,000. Wimbo huo uliimbwa na Charlotte Nilsson katika mashindano ya Melodifestivalen ya Uswidi mwaka 1999 na kuwa mwanzo wa safari yake ya muziki wa kujitegemea. Wizex pia ilikuwa na nyimbo nyingi zilizofanikiwa katika chati ya muziki ya Svensktoppen. Mwaka 1979, Wizex ilishinda tuzo ya Rockbjörnen iliyotolewa na gazeti la Aftonbladet katika kipengele cha "Bendi Bora ya Dansband ya Mwaka". Hicho ndicho kilikuwa kipindi pekee ambacho kipengele hicho kilijumuishwa katika tuzo hizo. == Wanachama == Kuanzia mwaka 1973, waimbaji wanawake wafuatao wamekuwa waimbaji wakuu wa Wizex. Mwaka huo, Kikki Danielsson pamoja na wanachama wengine waanzilishi walinunua haki za kutumia jina la Wizex: * Kikki Danielsson – aliondoka mwaka 1982. * Lena Pålsson – aliondoka mwaka 1997. * Charlotte Nilsson – aliondoka Septemba 1999. * Paula Pennsäter – aliondoka Machi 2002. * Jessica Sjöholm – aliondoka mwaka 2007. * Anna Sköld – alichukua likizo ya uzazi mwaka 2011. * Lina Wägbo – alijiunga mwaka 2011 kama mbadala wa muda. * Anna Sköld – aliondoka mwaka 2021. * Git Persson – amekuwa mwanachama tangu mwaka 2021. Wanachama wengine mashuhuri wa bendi hiyo ni Danne Stråhed, aliyekuwa mwimbaji wa pili, na Henri Saffer, aliyekuwa mpiga gitaa. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:bendi za muziki]] cugg1u85ocqva6rs9uw1cw7lclxr7id 0 256681 1613657 1613470 2026-11-05T12:30:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613657 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philotera''' alikuwa [[mwanamke]] mashuhuri wa [[Ugiriki]] mwenye asili ya [[Makedonia]], na [[binti]] mfalme wa [[Misri]] mwenye asili ya Ugiriki kutoka Nasaba ya Ptolemayo.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:alphabetic+letter=P:entry+group=9:entry=philotera-geo Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), Philotera]</ref><ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:16.4.5 Strabo, Geography, §16.4.5]</ref><ref>[https://topostext.org/work/241#Ph666.16 Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §Ph666.16]</ref><ref>[http://www.tyndalehouse.com/egypt/ptolemies/arsinoe_ii.htm Ptolemaic Genealogy: Arsinoe II]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ugiriki]] [[Jamii:watu wa Misri ya Kale]] 9m6ovuz5orkt0ldhkccjx2xi39hir3y 0 256682 1613722 1612908 2026-11-05T13:21:02Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613722 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Olof Widgren.jpg|thumb|'''Olof Widgren''']] '''Johan Olof Widgren''', aliyezaliwa kwa jina la Pettersson (9 Juni [[1907]] – 6 Machi [[1999]]), alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa maigizo ya jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alishinda [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill mwaka 1967. Mwaka 1989, alitunukiwa tuzo ya Illis quorum na serikali ya Uswidi<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211102152834/https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/61bab671f59a46af81cb11ee99e0d0eb/regeringens-beloningsmedaljer-och-regeringens-utmarkelse-professors-namn</ref>. Widgren alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika maigizo ya wanafunzi kabla ya kujiunga na Chuo cha Kifalme cha Mafunzo ya Uigizaji, ambako alisoma kuanzia mwaka 1928 hadi 1931. Mwigizaji Helena Bergström ni mjukuu wake. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1907]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1999]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] 5m5gdavdubavrh3ct4tf1s3auiv0hjq 0 256683 1613721 1612909 2026-11-05T13:20:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''West a Fool Away''' ni [[albamu]] ya [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa rock and roll kutoka [[Uswidi]], Eddie Meduza. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa mwaka 1984. Ilihusisha nyimbo za rock za Kiingereza zenye maudhui mazito pamoja na [[nyimbo]] za kuchekesha kwa lugha ya Kiswidi. Upande wa kwanza wa albamu ulikuwa na nyimbo nyingi za [[Kiingereza]], huku upande wa pili ukiwa na nyimbo za Kiswidi pekee, isipokuwa wimbo uliotumika kama jina la albamu. Jina la albamu linarejelea maneno yasiyo na maana yanayosikika kama Kiingereza, ambayo wanamuziki wa awali wa Uswidi walikuwa wakitumia waliposahau maneno halisi ya nyimbo. Kuna matoleo mawili ya albamu hiyo: toleo la awali lililoitwa Stoppad (Liliozuiliwa), ambalo lilitolewa kwenye santuri za vinyl na kaseti pekee, na toleo la Laglig (Halali), ambalo lilitolewa kwenye CD mwaka 2002. Albamu hiyo ilisababisha mjadala mdogo baada ya wimbo wa 12 katika toleo la Stoppad, ulioitwa "Heil Hitler", kuchezwa katika kituo kimoja cha redio. Wimbo huo ulikusudiwa kuwa wimbo wa kupinga vita na Unazi, lakini jina lake lingeweza kueleweka kimakosa kuwa linaunga mkono itikadi ya Unazi. Kutokana na hali hiyo, kampuni ya CBS iliamriwa kuiondoa albamu hiyo sokoni, na nakala zote ambazo hazikuwa zimeuzwa ziliondolewa katika maduka nchini Uswidi. Wimbo huo wenye utata ulibadilishwa na "Leader of the Rockers", ambao ni toleo la wimbo kutoka katika albamu ya Eddie ya mwaka 1979 iliyoitwa Eddie Meduza and the Roarin' Cadillacs. Mwaka 2002, muda mfupi baada ya kifo cha Eddie, albamu zake zote zilitolewa upya katika mfumo wa CD. Toleo la CD la West a Fool Away lilitokana na toleo la Laglig na lilijumuisha nyimbo tatu za ziada<ref>https://www.discogs.com/release/1127770-Eddie-Meduza-West-A-Fool-Away</ref>. == Orodha ya nyimbo == === Toleo la Stoppad === {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Muda |- |1 |"Hey Girl" |4:02 |- |2 |"Hold Your Fire" |3:49 |- |3 |"I Don't Love You Any More" |3:15 |- |4 |"California" |2:16 |- |5 |"Dead Man's Curve" |2:43 |- |6 |"Sveriges kompani" |3:08 |- |7 |"Studiostädare Börje Lundin" |2:20 |- |8 |"West a Fool Away (Noshörnings-version)" |0:12 |- |9 |"Undanflykter" |2:59 |- |10 |"Punkar'n å raggar'n" |2:02 |- |11 |"Sverige, vart e' vi på väg" |3:27 |- |12 |"Heil Hitler" |2:59 |- |13 |"Dunder å snus (Cigarettes, Whiskey and Wild, Wild Women)" |3:59 |- |14 |"Skarapersiflage" |3:22 |- |15 |"West a Fool Away" |0:39 |- |16 |"Bröderna Lundin rensar studion" |2:04 |- |17 |"West a Fool Away (Elefant-version)" |0:12 |} === Toleo la Laglig === Katika toleo hili, wimbo "Sveriges kompani" uliondolewa katika nafasi ya sita na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na "Leader of the Rockers", wenye muda wa dakika 3 na sekunde 34. Wimbo "Sveriges kompani" uliwekwa katika nafasi ya 12 badala ya "Heil Hitler". Mwaka 2002, albamu hiyo ilitolewa katika mfumo wa CD ikiwa na nyimbo tatu za ziada: {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Muda |- |18 |"Jag vill ha en brud med stora pattar" |2:52 |- |19 |"Hej på dej Evert, boogie-woogie" |2:52 |- |20 |"Fisdisco" |4:06 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] kuk4synb78q8sn9q0izbaaben1sb9yd 0 256684 1613720 1612912 2026-11-05T13:20:07Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vapnet''' (kwa Kiswidi: [[silaha]] au [[nembo]] ya ukoo) lilikuwa kundi la [[muziki]] wa indie pop kutoka Östersund nchini [[Uswidi]]. Kundi hilo lilikuwa limesaini mkataba na kampuni ya kurekodi muziki ya Hybris. Mwimbaji mkuu wa kundi hilo alikuwa Martin Hanberg, huku mtunzi wa nyimbo akiwa Martin Abrahamsson, ambaye baadaye alijihusisha na kundi la Nord & Syd. Hanberg na Abrahamsson pia walikuwa wanachama wa kundi la muziki wa indie pop lililoitwa Sibiria. Wimbo wao wa singo ulioitwa "Kalla mig" ulipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Uswidi katika kipindi cha majira ya kuchipua na kiangazi mwaka 2005, ingawa mafanikio yake yalichelewa kujitokeza. Albamu yao Jag vet hur man väntar ilitolewa tarehe 19 Aprili 2006. Albamu hiyo ilijumuisha nyimbo mbalimbali, zikiwemo toleo lililofanyiwa marekebisho ya muziki (remix) la wimbo "Kalla mig" lililotayarishwa na mwanamuziki wa muziki wa soul kutoka Uswidi, Kaah. Wimbo wao "Håll Ihop", kutoka katika albamu ndogo (EP) iliyoitwa Något Dåligt Nytt Har Hänt, ulimshirikisha mwanamuziki Jens Lekman<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/sep/15/popandrock</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Makundi ya muziki]] 8b40t13cra95aen9j9jvz6crrk6coho 0 256685 1613651 1613100 2026-11-05T12:26:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613651 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Unga & fria''' (kwa Kiingereza: Vijana na Huru) ni [[wimbo]] wa [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]], Fröken Snusk, uliotolewa kama singo tarehe [[10 Februari]] [[2024]]. Wimbo huo uliimbwa katika mashindano ya [[muziki]] ya Melodifestivalen 2024<ref>https://eurovisionworld.com/national/sweden/melodifestivalen-2024/froken-snusk-unga-fria</ref>. Baada ya kushiriki katika mashindano hayo, ulifikia nafasi ya kwanza katika chati ya nyimbo maarufu nchini Uswidi. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] 5tpn4ngqp9124t6032nwly8s2swrjym 0 256686 1613652 1613466 2026-11-05T12:28:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613652 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Turistens klagan''' (kwa Kiingereza: Malalamiko ya Mtalii) ni [[albamu]] ya [[muziki]] iliyorekodiwa mwaka [[1980]] na [[mwimbaji]] na mtunzi wa [[nyimbo]] za muziki wa folk mwenye asili ya [[Uswidi]] na [[Uholanzi]], Cornelis Vreeswijk. Albamu hiyo ni nusu mojawapo ya albamu ya dhana yenye sehemu mbili (double concept album) iliyoitwa Felicia's svenska suite. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa awali nchini [[Norwe]] pekee<ref>https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/7c2e9cb3-19ee-32ce-8063-0f66c8f1e9d0</ref>. == Orodha ya nyimbo == # "Turistens klagan" (03:21) # "Till en nymf" (02:15) # "Från en vän i viken" (02:33) # "Tre dagars blues" (04:12) # "För gröna Felicia" (02:20) # "De fattiga riddarnas ballad" (02:50) # "Polaren Pär gör sin reverens" (01:31) # "Byt nu ton" (02:05) # "Balladen om Gustava" (03:40) # "Felicia – adjö" (02:53) # "Dubbelquatrin om tennis" (03:21) # "Möte med Fredrik Åkare, Stockholm 1943" (02:52) # "Felicia pratar" (02:20) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] a0d0zto9xpp4aaka20f2mvvk79s5erw 0 256687 1613653 1613467 2026-11-05T12:28:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613653 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg''' ni [[albamu]] ya kwanza ya studio ya [[mwanamuziki]] kutoka [[Uswidi]], Håkan Hellström. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa tarehe [[16 Oktoba]] [[2000]]. Imeuza nakala zaidi ya 40,000, idadi inayoiwezesha kupata cheti cha mauzo ya platinamu nchini Uswidi. == Muziki na maneno ya nyimbo == Kwa upande wa kimuziki, albamu hiyo imeelezwa kuwa na mtindo unaofanana na muziki wa Bruce Springsteen wa kipindi cha albamu yake Born to Run. Ina nyimbo zenye midundo ya uchangamfu, magitaa yenye sauti angavu, sehemu za muziki zinazoongozwa na tarumbeta na sauti za waimbaji zinazoambatana kwa upatanifu. Katika uandishi wa maneno ya nyimbo, Hellström alipata msukumo kutoka kwa wanamuziki aliowapenda na kuwaona kama mashujaa wake wa muziki, wakiwemo Morrissey na Bob Dylan. Maudhui ya nyimbo zake mara nyingi yalihusu tafakuri zenye mchanganyiko wa furaha na huzuni au hali ya kukata tamaa. Mada hizo zilijumuisha mapenzi yasiyojibiwa, utamaduni wa vijana wenye mienendo ya anasa na uharibifu, ikiwemo matumizi ya dawa za kulevya, pamoja na hisia za kujiona mtu asiyeendana na jamii inayomzunguka<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/album/k%C3%A4nn-ingen-sorg-f%C3%B6r-mig-g%C3%B6teborg-mw0000357267</ref>. Kwa mfano, wimbo "Atombomb" una marejeo ya nyimbo "Everyday Is Like Sunday" ya Morrissey na "William, It Was Really Nothing" ya kundi la The Smiths. Aidha, wimbo "Uppsnärjd i det blå" una marejeo ya wimbo "Tangled Up in Blue" wa Bob Dylan na "I Think We're Alone Now" wa Tommy James & the Shondells. == Tuzo na heshima == Albamu hiyo ilishinda tuzo ya Rockbjörnen mwaka 2000 katika kipengele cha "Albamu Bora ya Mwaka nchini Uswidi". Mwaka uliofuata, iliteuliwa katika vipengele sita vya tuzo za Grammis na kushinda tuzo moja. Mnamo Juni 2013, jarida la muziki la Uswidi Sonic liliitaja albamu hiyo kuwa ya pili kwa ubora miongoni mwa albamu zote za Uswidi zilizowahi kutolewa. == Orodha ya nyimbo == Nyimbo zote ziliandikwa na Håkan Hellström isipokuwa pale ilipoelezwa vinginevyo. {| class="wikitable" !Na. !Jina la wimbo !Maelezo ya waandishi |- |1 |"Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg" | |- |2 |"En vän med en bil" | |- |3 |"Ramlar" | |- |4 |"Nu kan du få mig så lätt" | |- |5 |"Vi två, 17 år" | |- |6 |"Uppsnärjd i det blå" |Hellström, Daniel Gilbert, Johan Neckvall na Timo Räisänen |- |7 |"Jag var bara inte gjord för dessa dar" | |- |8 |"Magiskt, men tragiskt" |Hellström na Paul Källman |- |9 |"Atombomb" | |- |10 |"Dom dimmiga dagarna" |Hellström na Theodor Jensen |} Wimbo "Dom dimmiga dagarna" ni toleo la Kiswidi la wimbo "Foggy Days", ambao baadaye ulitolewa na kundi la The Plan. == Nyimbo zilizotolewa kama singo == Nyimbo nne za kwanza katika albamu hiyo pia zilitolewa kama singo. "Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg" ulikuwa wimbo wa kwanza wa singo wa Hellström, uliotolewa tarehe 8 Mei 2000. Upande wa pili wa santuri hiyo (B-side) ulikuwa na wimbo "Vi två, 17 år". Wimbo "Ramlar" ulitolewa wiki moja kabla ya albamu, ukiwa na "Ge mig arsenik", toleo la majaribio (demo) la wimbo "Känn ingen sorg för mig Göteborg", kama wimbo wa upande wa pili. Singo ya pili, "En vän med en bil", ilitolewa tarehe 19 Februari 2001 na kujumuishwa katika albamu ya nyimbo za filamu ya Uswidi Festival. Wimbo wa upande wa pili, "Här kommer lyckan för hundar som oss", ulijumuishwa tena katika albamu ya pili ya Hellström iliyoitwa Det är så jag säger det. Singo ya tatu na ya mwisho kutoka katika albamu hiyo ilikuwa "Nu kan du få mig så lätt", iliyotolewa tarehe 18 Juni 2001. Wimbo "Jag var bara inte gjord för dessa dar" uliwekwa upande wa pili wa singo hiyo. == Chati == === Chati za kila wiki === {| class="wikitable" !Chati (2000–2001) !Nafasi |- |Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |1 |} Cheti cha mauzo: - GLF (Shirikisho la Sekta ya Kurekodi Muziki nchini Uswidi): Platinamu. === Chati za mwisho wa mwaka === {| class="wikitable" !Chati !Mwaka !Nafasi |- |Albamu za Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |2001 |14 |- |Albamu za Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |2002 |90 |- |Albamu za Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |2022 |85 |- |Albamu za Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |2024 |95 |- |Albamu za Uswidi (Sverigetopplistan) |2025 |55 |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Nyimbo]] sqybbxaqt2hjffy97ny95mlurwfgioj 0 256688 1613655 1613469 2026-11-05T12:29:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anders Ingvar Kjell Kjellson''' (20 Mei [[1923]] – 18 Desemba [[2014]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[maigizo]] ya jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa katika eneo la Kärna, katika mkoa wa Östergötland nchini Uswidi. Mwaka 1946, alikubaliwa kujiunga na Chuo cha Kifalme cha Mafunzo ya Uigizaji. Alifanya kazi kama mwigizaji katika kumbi mbalimbali za maonyesho ya maigizo na kuanzia mwaka 1964 alikuwa mwanachama wa kudumu wa kikundi cha waigizaji katika Ukumbi wa Kitaifa wa Maigizo wa Kifalme (Royal Dramatic Theatre). Alipata umaarufu kupitia nafasi mbalimbali alizoigiza katika michezo ya jukwaani, ikiwemo Hedda Gabler, The Wild Duck, The Beggars' Opera na Twelfth Night. Mwaka 2013, aliigiza nafasi ya Firs, mtumishi mzee, katika mchezo wa jukwaani The Cherry Orchard ulioonyeshwa katika Ukumbi wa Maigizo wa Jiji la Stockholm. Pia alishiriki katika filamu mbalimbali, zikiwemo Zorn, Raskenstam na Jazzgossen<ref>https://www.svd.se/kultur/ingvar-kjellson-aktiv-som-skadespelare-in-i-det-sista_4205913.svd</ref><ref>http://www.svt.se/nyheter/skadespelaren-ingvar-kjellson-ar-dod</ref>. Kjellson alishinda Tuzo ya Eugene O'Neill mwaka 1978. Alifariki tarehe 18 Desemba 2014 akiwa na umri wa miaka 91 kutokana na ugonjwa wa nimonia. Alikuwa ameoa mwigizaji Meta Velander, ambaye walidumu katika ndoa hadi kifo chake. == Filamu alizoshiriki == {| class="wikitable" !Filamu !Mwaka !Nafasi aliyoigiza |- |Tre söner gick till flyget |1945 |Kijana akipiga piano (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |Blåjackor |1945 |Aspirant Strid (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |The Bells of the Old Town |1946 |Mgeni katika sherehe ya Bristol (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |In the Arms of the Sea |1951 |Afisa wa tatu wa meli |- |Dance in the Smoke |1954 |Snål-Jampe |- |Taxi 13 |1954 |Msanii |- |Seger i mörker |1954 |Mhandisi Borg |- |Karin Månsdotter |1954 |Hakon Ladugårdsfogde, mlinzi wa Kasri la Gripsholm (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |The Yellow Squadron |1954 |Nafasi ndogo (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |Mord, lilla vän |1955 |Erik Ljungdahl |- |The Girl in the Rain |1955 |Klas |- |The Staffan Stolle Story |1956 |Rabites, mhalifu wa jangwani |- |Swing it, fröken |1956 |Robert Roos |- |Den långa julmiddagen |1956 |Charles |- |The Song of the Scarlet Flower |1956 |Falk |- |Summer Place Wanted |1957 |Mwigizaji wa maigizo ya redio (sauti, hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |The Minister of Uddarbo |1957 |Daktari |- |The Jazz Boy |1958 |Mgeni wa sherehe |- |Swinging at the Castle |1959 |Mchungaji (hakutajwa kwenye orodha ya waigizaji) |- |Pärlemor |1961 |Mfanyabiashara wa dhamana |- |En nolla för mycket |1962 |Fredrik |- |Kort är sommaren |1962 |Hesabu |- |Hide and Seek |1963 |Mkuu wa gereza |- |Wild West Story |1964 |Jaji |- |Heja Roland! |1966 |Skog |- |The Girls |1968 |Olle |- |Black Palm Trees |1968 |Balozi mdogo |- |Shame |1968 |Oswald, mwalimu katika chumba cha mahojiano |- |Het snö |1968 |Mkaguzi wa polisi Nordström |- |Made in Sweden |1969 |Niklas Hedström |- |The Bookseller Gave Up Bathing |1969 |Elim Svensson |- |Grisjakten |1970 |Gustav Rosen |- |Ministern |1970 |Dereva |- |The Aristocats |1970 |Edgar Balthazar (sauti ya Kiswidi) |- |Robin Hood |1973 |Mwanamfalme John na Mfalme Richard (sauti ya Kiswidi) |- |Vita Nejlikan |1974 |James |- |Måndagarna med Fanny |1977 |Hilding Eriksson |- |Chez Nous |1978 |Elmgren |- |Marmalade Revolution |1980 |Mhariri |- |Sverige åt svenskarna |1980 |Sir John |- |The Flight of the Eagle |1982 |Alfred Nobel |- |Raskenstam |1983 |Ludvig af Tidaholm |- |Samson og Sally |1984 |Sauti |- |Svindlande affärer |1985 |Arvidsson |- |Gösta Berlings saga |1986 |Sintram |- |The Journey to Melonia |1989 |Kapteni Christmas Tree (sauti) |- |Den ofrivillige golfaren |1991 |Rutger |- |Zorn |1994 |Waziri Åkerman |- |Pettson och Findus – Kattonauten |2000 |Mfalme (sauti) |- |The Last Sentence |2012 |Pehr Eklund (filamu yake ya mwisho) |} == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1923]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] jkm8p2vxi00q0wajz7g3xwyd9avpuuc 0 256690 1613659 1613472 2026-11-05T12:31:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hans Gösta Klinga''' (17 Aprili [[1949]] – 26 Januari [[2025]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[maigizo]] ya jukwaani na [[filamu]], pamoja na [[mkurugenzi]] wa filamu kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 2009, alishinda Tuzo ya Eugene O'Neill. Klinga alifariki tarehe 26 Januari 2025 akiwa na umri wa miaka 75. Alikuwa baba wa mwigizaji Elin Klinga<ref>https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelaren-hans-klinga-ar-dod/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1949]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2025]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wakurugenzi wa Filamu]] mngcwvzpfezh3cz6dxqnrgcft4ywggc 0 256691 1613943 1613473 2026-11-05T18:58:07Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Andrew Pitino''' (alizaliwa [[18 Septemba]] [[1952]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani na kocha wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa [[Marekani]]. Amefundisha timu kadhaa za chuo kikuu na [[NBA]], ikiwemo Boston University, Providence, Kentucky, Louisville, na Iona, pamoja na New York Knicks na Boston Celtics. Ni mmoja wa makocha wachache kuwahi kuiongoza timu mbili tofauti kwenye Final Four ya NCAA .<ref name="vacatedWashPost">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2018/12/20/rick-pitino-finally-gets-another-coaching-job-with-greek-euroleague-team-panathinaikos/ |title=Rick Pitino might finally have another coaching job — with Greek EuroLeague team Panathinaikos |last=Bogage |first=Jacob |date=December 21, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=December 30, 2018 |archive-date=December 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228150116/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2018/12/20/rick-pitino-finally-gets-another-coaching-job-with-greek-euroleague-team-panathinaikos/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="greek-coach-espn">{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/25581732/rick-pitino-deal-coach-euroleague-power-panathinaikos-greece |title=Rick Pitino agrees to coach EuroLeague power Panathinaikos |last=Wojnarowski |first=Adrian |date=December 20, 2018 |website=ESPN |access-date=December 30, 2018 |archive-date=December 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228190056/http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/25581732/rick-pitino-deal-coach-euroleague-power-panathinaikos-greece |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi == Pitino alizaliwa [[New York]]. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Massachusetts na alicheza mpira wa kikapu chini ya kocha Jack Leaman. Alianza kazi yake ya ukocha mwaka 1974 na alikua kocha mkuu wa Providence mwaka 1985. Aliongoza Providence kufika Final Four mwaka 1987. Mwaka 1989 alijiunga na Kentucky na aliongoza timu kushinda ubingwa wa NCAA mwaka 1996. Baadaye alifundisha Louisville na alishinda ubingwa wa NCAA mwaka 2013 (uliovuliwa baadaye). Alijiunga na Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame mwaka 2013 .<ref name=hoophall>{{cite web |url=https://www.hoophall.com/news/naismith-memorial-basketball-hall-fame-announces-class-2013/ |title=Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Announces Class of 2013 |date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=January 29, 2024 |archive-date=January 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240130052911/https://www.hoophall.com/news/naismith-memorial-basketball-hall-fame-announces-class-2013/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://redstormsports.com/news/2023/3/20/mens-basketball-st-johns-names-hall-of-famer-rick-pitino-head-mens-basketball-coach.aspx|title=St. John's Names Hall of Famer Rick Pitino Head Men's Basketball Coach|website=redstormsports.com|publisher=St. John's University Athletics|date=March 20, 2023|access-date=March 20, 2023|archive-date=March 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320204034/https://redstormsports.com/news/2023/3/20/mens-basketball-st-johns-names-hall-of-famer-rick-pitino-head-mens-basketball-coach.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tuzo == - Ubingwa wa NCAA (1996) - Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (2013) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] syoeq1gur3jjspqjslvewroln8d5wv0 0 256692 1613660 1613474 2026-11-05T12:32:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613660 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emiliana Mangue Mba Avomo''' ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa [[Guinea ya Ikweta]] aliyeshiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la FIFA la [[Wanawake]] la mwaka 2011.<ref>Equatorial Guinea Squad 2011 Women's World Cup</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea ya Ikweta]] hsjsdkmxuzgrwj7xye9chg1ivdudasv 0 256693 1613661 1613475 2026-11-05T12:34:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Klown''' (kwa Kidenmaki: '''Klovn – The Movie''') ni [[filamu]] ya [[vichekesho]] ya mwaka 2010 kutoka nchini [[Denmark]], iliyoongozwa na Mikkel Nørgaard na kuandikwa pamoja na kuigizwa na Frank Hvam na Casper Christensen. Filamu hiyo ilitokana na mfululizo maarufu wa televisheni wa Kidenmaki wenye jina hilohilo, ambapo Hvam na Christensen huigiza matoleo ya kubuni ya maisha yao wenyewe. Filamu hiyo ilitolewa tarehe 16 Desemba 2010 na kupokea maoni chanya kwa kiasi kikubwa. == Waigizaji == * Frank Hvam kama Frank * Casper Christensen kama Casper * Marcus Jezz Petersen kama Bo * Mia Lyhne kama Mia Christensen * Iben Hjejle kama Iben * Lars Hjortshøj kama Lars == Kutolewa == Filamu ya Klown ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza nchini Denmark tarehe 16 Desemba 2010. Katika kipindi cha wiki mbili zilizobaki za mwezi huo, ilifanikiwa kuwa filamu ya Kidenmaki iliyotazamwa zaidi nchini humo mwaka 2010. Kufikia Februari 2011, filamu hiyo ilikuwa imeuza tiketi 848,500 katika nchi iliyokuwa na wakazi milioni 5.5. Idadi hiyo ya watazamaji ililinganishwa na mafanikio ya filamu za vichekesho za wakurugenzi Susanne Bier na Lone Scherfig zilizotolewa miaka kumi iliyotangulia. Filamu hiyo ilionyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza Amerika Kaskazini katika Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Fantasia mjini Montreal, Kanada, mwezi Julai 2011, ambako ilishinda tuzo ya Cheval Noir. Pia ilionyeshwa nchini Marekani katika tamasha la Fantastic Fest, ambako ilishinda tuzo za filamu bora na uandishi bora wa filamu katika kipengele cha filamu za vichekesho cha Gutbuster. Msimu wa vuli wa mwaka 2011, haki za usambazaji wa filamu hiyo nchini Marekani ziliuzwa kwa kampuni ya Drafthouse Films. Tarehe 27 Julai 2012, filamu hiyo ilianza kuonyeshwa kwa idadi ndogo ya kumbi za sinema katika miji ya Los Angeles, New York na Austin, nchini Marekani. Pia ilipatikana kupitia huduma za kutazama video kwa njia ya mtandao (video on demand). Katika wiki zilizofuata, usambazaji wake ulipanuliwa hadi katika kumbi nyingine kadhaa za sinema nchini Marekani<ref>https://www.slashfilm.com/517750/fantastic-fest-2011-award-winners-include-horror-hit-youre-next-charming-a-boy-samurai/</ref>. == Mapokezi == === Maoni ya wakosoaji === Filamu hiyo inatumia mtindo wa vichekesho unaotokana na hali za aibu na usumbufu (cringe comedy), unaojumuisha kujikejeli na kushughulikia mada zinazochukuliwa kuwa mwiko kwa namna ya kuchekesha. Maoni ya wakosoaji mara nyingi yaliilinganisha na filamu ya The Hangover na mfululizo wa televisheni Curb Your Enthusiasm. === Tuzo na uteuzi === {| class="wikitable" !Tuzo au tamasha !Kipengele !Mshindi au mpokeaji !Matokeo |- |Tuzo za Bodil |Filamu Bora ya Kidenmaki |— |Iliteuliwa |- |Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Fantasia |Filamu Bora ya Kipengele – Cheval Noir |— |Ilishinda |- |Fantastic Fest |Filamu Bora ya Vichekesho – Gutbuster |— |Ilishinda |- |Fantastic Fest |Uandishi Bora wa Filamu za Vichekesho – Gutbuster |Casper Christensen na Frank Hvam |Ilishinda |- |Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Oldenburg |Tuzo ya Hadhira – German Independence Award |— |Iliteuliwa |- |Tuzo za Robert |Tuzo ya Hadhira |— |Ilishinda |- |Tuzo za Zulu |Filamu Bora |— |Ilishinda |- |Tuzo za Zulu |Mwigizaji Bora |Frank Hvam |Ilishinda |- |Tuzo za Zulu |Mwigizaji Bora |Casper Christensen |Aliteuliwa |- |Tuzo za Zulu |Mwigizaji Bora Msaidizi |Marcuz Jess Petersen |Ilishinda |} == Filamu zilizofuata == Filamu ya pili katika mfululizo huo, iliyoitwa Klown Forever, ilitolewa nchini Denmark mwaka 2015 na nchini Marekani mwishoni mwa mwaka 2016. Tangazo lake la kwanza (trailer) lilionyeshwa kabla ya maonyesho ya filamu ya Sausage Party katika kumbi za sinema za Alamo Drafthouse<ref>https://deadline.com/2012/06/klown-trailer-drafthouse-films-danish-comedy-289873/</ref>. Filamu ya tatu, iliyoitwa Klown: The Final, ilitolewa nchini Denmark tarehe 20 Januari 2020. == Toleo la Marekani == Kampuni ya Warner Bros. ilinunua haki za kutengeneza upya filamu ya Klown kwa ajili ya soko la Marekani. Todd Phillips alitajwa kuwa mmoja wa wagombea wa kuiongoza filamu hiyo, huku Danny McBride akitajwa kuwa mwigizaji aliyepangwa kushiriki. Tarehe 3 Novemba 2016, ilitangazwa kuwa Sacha Baron Cohen angekuwa mwigizaji mkuu katika toleo hilo jipya. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Filamu za Udeni]] [[Jamii:Filamu za 2010]] jaahy27n68j4su3ziqovpveyoucx9eb 0 256697 1613663 1613479 2026-11-05T12:35:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flo Thamba''' (alizaliwa [[Kinshasa]], Februari 25, 1999) ni mchezaji wa mpira wa vikapu [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] na bingwa wa NCAA wa 2021 huko Baylor Bears<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001">{{en}} ; ''Men's Basketball : [https://baylorbears.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/flo-thamba/11793, Flo Thamba - 2022-23 Men's Basketball Roster], sur baylorbears.com, consulté le= 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR002">{{en}} ; ''Men's Basketball : [https://www.gettyimages.fr/detail/photo-d%27actualit%C3%A9/flo-thamba-of-the-baylor-bears-reacts-after-photo-dactualit%C3%A9/1311024990, Baylor v Gonzaga], sur www.gettyimages.fr, consulté le= 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003">{{en}} ; ''Andy Wittry : [https://www.ncaa.com/live-updates/basketball-men/d1/complete-history-baylors-2021-ncaa-basketball-championship, The complete history of Baylor's 2021 NCAA basketball championship], sur www.ncaa.com, August 03, 2021 à 11:31' AM, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == Alizaliwa na kukulia Kinshasa, kabla ya kujiunga na Mountain Mission Academy nchini Marekani<ref name="ADAMWINEUR004">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Florent-Thamba/386388, Florent-Thamba : Statistics Current], sur basketball.eurobasket.com, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>. == Maisha ya michezo chuoni == Kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi 2023 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Baylor : Alianza katika nafasi ya 'center' wakati wa ushindi wa ubingwa wa NCAA mwaka 2021, ushindi wa 86–70 dhidi ya Gonzaga Bulldogs<ref name="ADAMWINEUR002"/>. == Takwimu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za NCAA kuhusu Baylor Bears<ref name="ADAMWINEUR004"/>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR005">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.proballers.com/fr/basketball/joueur/178631/thamba-flo, Flo Thamba : "statistiques"], sur www.proballers.com, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR006">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/flo-thamba-1.html, Flo Thamba : "Position:Forward"], sur www.sports-reference.com, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR007">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.espn.com/mens-college-basketball/player/stats/_/id/4395692/flo-thamba, Flo Thamba : "Stats"], sur www.espn.com, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR008">{{en}} ; ''Men's Basketball : [https://big12statistics.com/sports/mbkb/2021-22/players/flothambacimh, Flo Thamba #0 F. Baylor], sur big12statistics.com, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>. ! Kipindi !! Mabadiliko !! Daktari wa familia !! Dakika !! Pointi !! Mipira inayodunda inachukuliwa |- | 2018-19 || Baylor || 33 || 9,2 || 1,4 || 2,2 |- | 2019-20 || Baylor || 30 || 11,6 || 2,3 || 2,2 |- | 2020-21 || Baylor || 30 || 15,4 || 3,6 || 4,0 |- | 2021-22 || Baylor || 37 || 18,9 || 6,2 || 5,6 |- | 2022-23 || Baylor || 32 || 16,4 || 5,0 || 4,8 |- | '''Nzima''' || || '''162''' || '''14,4''' || '''3,8''' || '''3,9''' |} == Timu ya Taifa == Yeye ni mchezaji wa kimataifa katika timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]]) tangu mwaka 2022. Alijiunga na timu hiyo, inayojulikana kama 'Leopards', ili kushiriki katika mashindano ya kimataifa, ikiwemo michuano ya kufuzu kwa Kombe la Dunia la FIBA ​​la mwaka 2027 (alijiunga na timu hiyo jijini Dakar mwezi Juni 2026)<ref name="ADAMWINEUR009">{{fr}} ; ''ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/index.php/2026/06/25/elimcoupe-du-monde-2027-flo-thamba-et-jon-jordan-sajoutent-dans-la-taniere-au-senegal, Elim/Coupe du monde 2027: Flo Thamba et Jon Jordan s'ajoutent dans la tanière au Sénégal], sur actualite.cd, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR010">{{fr}} ; ''FIBA : [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/events/fiba-basketball-world-cup-2027-african-qualifiers/teams/congo-dr/222286-florent-thamba, FIBA : "Florent Thamba"], sur www.fiba.basketball, consulté le 04 novembre 2026</ref>. == Tuzo == * Bingwa wa NCAA (2021) akiwa na Baylor<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003" /> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Watu kutoka Kinshasa]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wakongo wanaoishi Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha kutoka DRC waliohamia Marekani]] 6d2jeosqi2u50vsdcw6hv5vui0txcfa 0 256698 1613665 1613480 2026-11-05T12:36:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kungliga svenska skådeplatsen''' (Jukwaa la Kifalme la Kiswidi), lililojulikana pia kama Svenska Komedien (Vichekesho vya Kiswidi), lilikuwa jumba la maonyesho la [[Kiswidi]] lililofanya shughuli zake kati ya mwaka 1737 na 1754. Lilikuwa katika jengo la Stora Bollhuset jijini [[Stockholm]]. Lilikuwa jukwaa la kwanza la kitaifa nchini Uswidi na ukumbi wa kwanza wa kitaalamu wa maonyesho uliotumia lugha ya Kiswidi, ukiwa na waigizaji wa kitaalamu waliotumia lugha hiyo. Pia lilikuwa jukwaa la kwanza ambako maonyesho ya tamthilia, opera na baleti yaliwasilishwa kwa umma na waigizaji, waimbaji na wachezaji wa Kiswidi. Mwaka 1753, kundi la waigizaji wa [[Kifaransa]] lililoitwa Du Londel Troupe liliajiriwa na malkia Louisa Ulrika wa Prussia. Baada ya makundi hayo kushiriki jukwaa kwa msimu wa mwaka 1753–1754, waigizaji waliotumia lugha ya Kiswidi waliondolewa katika jengo hilo na kugawanyika katika makundi mawili ya maonyesho yaliyosafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine. Mojawapo ya makundi hayo lilikuwa Stenborg Company. == Wanachama == Kundi hili lilikuwa kundi la kwanza la waigizaji wa Kiswidi. Liliwasilisha opera na [[tamthilia]], na pia lilikuwa na wachezaji wa kwanza wa baleti wa Kiswidi, ingawa majina yao mengi hayajulikani. * Johan Bergholtz (alifariki mwaka 1774). * Christian Berner (1702–1773), mchezaji wa baleti. * Johanna Catharina Embeck. * Margareta Maria Fabritz (1716–1800), mmoja wa waigizaji wa kwanza waliotumia lugha ya Kiswidi. Alikuwa mama wa Margareta Seuerling. * Nils Flodell (1714–1759). * Anna Maria Göttling. * Anders Hallberg (alizaliwa mwaka 1722). * Kristian Knöppel (1717–1800), mwigizaji wa tamthilia. * Peter Lindahl (1712–1792), mwigizaji wa vichekesho na mkurugenzi. * Johan Ohl (1704–1766), mwimbaji na mwanamuziki. * Johan Palmberg (1713–1781). * Brita Christina Schenbom. * Petter Stenborg (1719–1781), mmoja wa waigizaji wa kwanza waliotumia lugha ya Kiswidi na nyota wa kundi hilo. * Beata Sabina Straas (alifariki mwaka 1773), mwigizaji wa kwanza mwanamke mzaliwa wa Uswidi. * Elisabeth Lillström (alizaliwa mwaka 1717), mmoja wa waigizaji wa kwanza wa kitaalamu wa kike nchini Uswidi. Alikuwa mwimbaji mkuu (prima donna) na mama wa Elisabeth Olin. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Majengo ya Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Stockholm]] 3yeufk9c8or24p2n3mzq50eccqqc12r 0 256700 1613666 1613482 2026-11-05T12:37:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lena Irene Lindh'''<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=person&itemid=169793</ref> (alizaliwa [[13 Oktoba]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[maigizo]] ya jukwaani na [[filamu]], pamoja na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Lindh alizaliwa jijini Stockholm. Alianza kujihusisha na uigizaji akiwa na umri wa miaka 11 katika Vår teater, ukumbi wa maonyesho ya watoto jijini Stockholm. Kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi 1967, alisomea uigizaji katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Mafunzo ya Sanaa za Maigizo (Royal Dramatic Training Academy). Anajulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wa kimataifa kupitia nafasi yake ya Jenny Hultin katika Arne Dahl: Misterioso, mfululizo wa televisheni wa Kiswidi kuhusu uhalifu. Tangu alipokuwa mwanafunzi wa uigizaji, Lindh amekuwa akifanya kazi katika Ukumbi wa Maigizo wa Kifalme (Royal Dramatic Theatre) jijini Stockholm. Alitumbuiza kwa mara ya kwanza katika ukumbi huo kama mwigizaji wa ziada katika tamthilia ya Troilus and Cressida mwaka 1967. Ameigiza nafasi mbalimbali katika ukumbi huo, zikiwemo Albine katika Britannicus mwaka 1976, Œnone katika Phèdre mwaka 2006, Bi. Page katika The Merry Wives of Windsor mwaka 2009, na Duchess wa York katika Richard III mwaka 2014<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=person&itemid=169793</ref>. Lindh pia amefanya kazi ya kutoa sauti kwa wahusika katika filamu. Alitoa sauti ya Petunia Dursley katika filamu za Harry Potter zilizotafsiriwa kwa lugha ya Kiswidi. Pia ndiye aliyetoa sauti ya Zira katika filamu ya The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride. Mbali na uigizaji, Lindh ni mwimbaji na ametoa rekodi yenye nyimbo za Songes, kazi ya Carl Jonas Love Almqvist. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] iihg7symgw8gsblukphvmcnhl3uf1c9 0 256702 1613827 1613516 2026-11-05T16:08:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v2.0.9.7) 1613827 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mariatu Kamara''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[25 Mei]], [[1986]] huko Yonkro, [[Sierra Leone]]) ni [[mwandishi]], mzungumzaji wa hadhara, na Mwakilishi Maalum wa [[UNICEF]] Kanada kuhusu Watoto katika Migogoro ya Kivita. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake, ''The Bite of the Mango,'' kinachoeleza uzoefu wake wa kunusurika katika vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe nchini [[Sierra Leone]].<ref name="CanadianEncyclopedia2">{{cite web |date=2 April 2012 |title=Mariatu Kamara |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mariatu-kamara/ |access-date=17 April 2024 |website=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107025736/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mariatu-kamara |archivedate=2019-01-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Kamara |first=Mariatu |date=May 7, 2009 |title=Remarks by Mariatu Kamara at the Voices of Courage Awards |url=http://www.womensrefugeecommission.org/research-resources/mariatu/ |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=Women's Refugee Commission |place=New York, NY |language=English |type=Speech}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Sierra Leone]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Sierra Leone]] a8k9umnd1sff62g27t50g1n6t4i5eh9 0 256719 1613667 1613522 2026-11-05T12:39:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613667 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Émile Ngoy Kasongo''' ni mchumi, profesa wa [[Chuo Kikuu|chuo kikuu]], mwandishi na [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Daktari wa Uchumi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris-Est Créteil, Ameshika nyadhifa kadhaa katika utawala wa umma na elimu ya juu, hasa kama Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu na Vyuo Vikuu, Waziri wa Uchumi wa Taifa, na Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Ofisi ya Usimamizi wa Usafirishaji wa Mizigo ya Njia Mbalimbali (OGEFREM). Aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi Mtukufu na Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo nchini Ufaransa na Ukuu wa Monaco mnamo Agosti 31, 2023. Alianza kazi zake rasmi Novemba mwaka huo huo. == Wasifu == === Asili na Elimu === Akiwa na asili ya Mkoa wa Maniema, Émile Ngoy Kasongo alikulia katika wilaya ya Lingwala ya Kinshasa, ambayo wakati huo iliitwa Léopoldville. Alifuatilia masomo yake ya chuo kikuu nchini Ufaransa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Paris-Est Créteil, ambapo alipata udaktari katika uchumi. Baada ya masomo yake, alifuatilia kazi ya kitaaluma katika uwanja wa uchumi. Alikua mkuu wa kwanza wa Kitivo cha Uchumi na Usimamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kindu, katika Mkoa wa Maniema. == Kazi ya Kisiasa na Utawala == === Nafasi za Uwaziri === Émile Ngoy Kasongo alishiriki katika maisha ya kisiasa ya Kongo tangu kipindi cha mpito wa kisiasa kufuatia Vita vya Pili vya Kongo. Alihusishwa na Chama cha Kongo cha Kupinga Demokrasia (RCD-Goma), harakati ya kisiasa na kijeshi iliyoshiriki katika mchakato wa mpito. Aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Elimu ya Juu na Chuo Kikuu katika serikali ya mpito iliyoundwa baada ya mchakato wa amani. Baadaye alishikilia nafasi za serikali katika sekta ya uchumi wa taifa. Wakati wake serikalini ulitokea wakati wa kipindi kilichoangaziwa na kuungana tena taratibu kwa taasisi za kitaifa na kuanzishwa kwa miundo ya mpito wa kisiasa. === Usimamizi Mkuu wa OGEFREM === Mnamo Agosti 2005, Émile Ngoy Kasongo aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Ofisi ya Usimamizi wa Mizigo ya Njia Mbalimbali (OGEFREM), taasisi ya umma inayohusika, miongoni mwa mambo mengine, kushiriki katika udhibiti na usimamizi wa mizigo ndani ya mfumo wa usafiri wa njia mbalimbali wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Aliongoza taasisi hii hadi 2011, kulingana na taarifa ya wasifu iliyochapishwa na Éditions L'Harmattan. Katika kipindi hiki, pia alishiriki katika mijadala kuhusu usafiri, biashara ya nje, na usimamizi wa shughuli za usafirishaji nchini. == Kazi ya Kielimu == === Chuo Kikuu cha Kindu === Émile Ngoy Kasongo alikuwa Mkuu wa kwanza wa Kitivo cha Uchumi na Usimamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kindu. Nafasi hii ilikuwa sehemu ya kazi yake kama mwalimu na mtafiti katika uchumi wa maendeleo. === Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa === Mnamo Oktoba 2020, alichaguliwa Mkuu wa Kitivo cha Uchumi na Usimamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa (UNIKIN). Alianza rasmi kazi mnamo Oktoba 15, 2020, kufuatia sherehe ya makabidhiano na mtangulizi wake, Profesa Kamiantako.[5] Programu yake ya kusimamia kitivo ililenga kuimarisha utafiti wa kisayansi, kuboresha miundombinu ya vyuo vikuu, kuboresha mazingira ya kazi, na kutengeneza rasilimali za hati za kidijitali. Mnamo Machi 2022, alichukua nafasi ya Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Taasisi ya Juu ya Biashara ya Kinshasa (ISC/KIN), kufuatia sherehe ya makabidhiano na mtangulizi wake, Profesa Augustin Mbangala Mapapa. Mnamo Mei 2023, aliteuliwa kuwa Katibu Mkuu wa Utafiti katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kinshasa kwa amri ya waziri ya Mei 18, 2023. == Kazi ya Kidiplomasia == === Balozi wa Ufaransa na Monaco === Mnamo Agosti 31, 2023, Émile Ngoy Kasongo aliteuliwa kuwa Balozi Mkubwa na Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo nchini Ufaransa na Ukuu wa Monaco kwa amri ya rais. Alimrithi Isabel Machik Tshombe na kuchukua ofisi rasmi mnamo Novemba 2023. Katika wadhifa wake kama Balozi, anawakilisha DRC kwa mamlaka ya Ufaransa na Monegasque na anashiriki katika shughuli za ushirikiano wa kidiplomasia, kiuchumi, na kitamaduni kati ya DRC na washirika wake. Mnamo Septemba 2024, alishiriki katika Kongamano la kwanza la Dunia kuhusu Ulemavu, lililofanyika katika Makao Makuu ya UNESCO jijini Paris, ambapo alishughulikia masuala yanayohusiana na ujumuishaji wa watu wenye ulemavu. Mnamo Machi 2026, alishiriki katika majadiliano na Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa UNESCO kuhusu usalama wa mali ya kitamaduni ya Kongo, utamaduni wa amani, na ulinzi wa miundombinu ya elimu mashariki mwa DRC. Pia anawasilishwa katika mawasiliano ya kidiplomasia kama Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa DRC kwa UNESCO. == Shughuli za Michezo == Émile Ngoy Kasongo pia anavutiwa na tenisi. Mnamo Machi 29, 2015, alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa Shirikisho la Tenisi ya Lawn la Kongo (FECODELAT) katika mkutano mkuu. [[Jamii:wanauchumi wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] tf8tt9ertlorl993wt4ks8bnj5512aw 2 256729 1614069 1613544 2026-11-05T22:00:43Z ~2026-58936-18 93750 /* */ 1614069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|native_name=SDM Mikendo|birth_name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2007|10|5}}|birth_place=Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania|nationality=Mtanzania|occupation=Mtayarishaji wa muziki (Music Producer)|years_active=2026 - sasa|known_for=Kutayarisha wimbo wa Ben Wizy - MOYO|father=Mohammed Mussa Mikendo|mother=Zaituni Omar Mpili}} '''Sadam Mohammed Mikendo''' (alizaliwa [[5 Oktoba]] [[2007]], [[Kibiti]], [[Mkoa wa Pwani]]) anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii kama '''SDM Mikendo''' au '''Mikendo OG''', ni [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] wa [[Tanzania]]. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Sadam alizaliwa tarehe 5 Oktoba 2007 huko Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania. Baba yake anaitwa Mohammed Mussa Mikendo na mama yake anaitwa Zaituni Omar Mpili. Alisoma elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi Roja iliyopo Kibiti, ambapo alifaulu na kujiunga na elimu ya sekondari katika Shule ya Sekondari Mtwanya. == Kazi ya Muziki == SDM Mikendo alianza kazi ya utayarishaji wa muziki mwaka [[2026]]. Anajulikana kama producer wa muziki wa [[Bongo Flava]] kutoka Kibiti. Miongoni mwa kazi zake za mwanzo ni kutayarisha wimbo wa msanii Ben Wizy unaoitwa "MOYO".na my number of the phone this 0675315499 or 0799818800 == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * Instagram: SDM Mikendo ix9h4y6g1fwj7wf5hgu0o45jd5tmypc 1614072 1614069 2026-11-05T22:13:15Z ~2026-58936-18 93750 /* Marejeo */ 1614072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|native_name=SDM Mikendo|birth_name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2007|10|5}}|birth_place=Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania|nationality=Mtanzania|occupation=Mtayarishaji wa muziki (Music Producer)|years_active=2026 - sasa|known_for=Kutayarisha wimbo wa Ben Wizy - MOYO|father=Mohammed Mussa Mikendo|mother=Zaituni Omar Mpili}} '''Sadam Mohammed Mikendo''' (alizaliwa [[5 Oktoba]] [[2007]], [[Kibiti]], [[Mkoa wa Pwani]]) anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii kama '''SDM Mikendo''' au '''Mikendo OG''', ni [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] wa [[Tanzania]].na namba za simu 0 0675315499 or 0799818800 == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Sadam alizaliwa tarehe 5 Oktoba 2007 huko Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania. Baba yake anaitwa Mohammed Mussa Mikendo na mama yake anaitwa Zaituni Omar Mpili. Alisoma elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi Roja iliyopo Kibiti, ambapo alifaulu na kujiunga na elimu ya sekondari katika Shule ya Sekondari Mtwanya. == Kazi ya Muziki == SDM Mikendo alianza kazi ya utayarishaji wa muziki mwaka [[2026]]. Anajulikana kama producer wa muziki wa [[Bongo Flava]] kutoka Kibiti. Miongoni mwa kazi zake za mwanzo ni kutayarisha wimbo wa msanii Ben Wizy unaoitwa "MOYO".na my number of the phone this 0675315499 or 0799818800 == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * Instagram: SDM Mikendo q4bhp550jcviwv1fjlo6efverja16xp 1614275 1614072 2026-11-06T11:53:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Masahihisho aliyefanya [[Special:Contributions/~2026-58936-18|~2026-58936-18]] ([[User talk:~2026-58936-18|Majadiliano]]) yalirejeshwa hadi sahihisho la mwisho na [[User:Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|Sadam Mohammed Mikendo]] 1613544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|native_name=SDM Mikendo|birth_name=Sadam Mohammed Mikendo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2007|10|5}}|birth_place=Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania|nationality=Mtanzania|occupation=Mtayarishaji wa muziki (Music Producer)|years_active=2026 - sasa|known_for=Kutayarisha wimbo wa Ben Wizy - MOYO|father=Mohammed Mussa Mikendo|mother=Zaituni Omar Mpili}} '''Sadam Mohammed Mikendo''' (alizaliwa [[5 Oktoba]] [[2007]], [[Kibiti]], [[Mkoa wa Pwani]]) anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina la kisanii kama '''SDM Mikendo''' au '''Mikendo OG''', ni [[mtayarishaji wa muziki]] wa [[Tanzania]]. == Maisha ya Awali na Elimu == Sadam alizaliwa tarehe 5 Oktoba 2007 huko Kibiti, Mkoa wa Pwani, Tanzania. Baba yake anaitwa Mohammed Mussa Mikendo na mama yake anaitwa Zaituni Omar Mpili. Alisoma elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi Roja iliyopo Kibiti, ambapo alifaulu na kujiunga na elimu ya sekondari katika Shule ya Sekondari Mtwanya. == Kazi ya Muziki == SDM Mikendo alianza kazi ya utayarishaji wa muziki mwaka [[2026]]. Anajulikana kama producer wa muziki wa [[Bongo Flava]] kutoka Kibiti. Miongoni mwa kazi zake za mwanzo ni kutayarisha wimbo wa msanii Ben Wizy unaoitwa "MOYO". == Marejeo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya Nje == * Instagram: SDM Mikendo pdsy8nwca58vwly3ueujkth30nkijmu 0 256731 1613675 1613599 2026-11-05T12:46:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Labyrint (Swedish TV series)]] hadi [[Labyrint (mfululizo wa runinga)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613599 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Labyrint''' ni mfululizo wa [[tamthilia]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] ulioonyeshwa kupitia kituo cha TV4. Umetajwa kuwa mradi mkubwa zaidi wa uwekezaji wa kifedha kuwahi kufanywa na kituo hicho. Kipindi cha kwanza cha mfululizo huo kilionyeshwa tarehe [[11 Oktoba]] [[2007]]. == Wahusika == === Wahusika wakuu === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Fredrik Hermelin |Jonas Malmsjö |- |Zahra Haidari |Meliz Karlge di Grado |- |Jonny Johansson |Björn Bengtsson |- |Filippa Bolinder |Isabelle Moraeu |- |Carl Ramhäll |Robert Jelinek |} === Familia === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Miranda Perez |Mirja Turestedt |- |Göran Bolinder |Fredrik Dolk |- |Sofi Ramhäll |Linda Zilliacus |- |Sandra Ramhäll |Hedda Wachtmeister |- |Kasper Ramhäll |Dexter Ericsson |- |Meriam Haidari |Mina Azarian |- |Besym Haidari |Hassan Brijany |- |Samo Haidari |Danilo Bejarano |- |Akram Haidari |Hassan Jafari |- |Nino Haidari |Armand Mirpour |- |Louise Hermelin |Karin Bergquist |- |Gabriella Hermelin |Alexandra Nekrassova |- |Fredrika Hermelin |Viktoria Genberg |- |Monica Hermelin |Karin Bergquist |} === Blue === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Henry Strolz |Ulf Brunnberg |- |Stig |Per Morberg |- |Hanson |Jonas Inde |- |Per |Christer Fant |- |Nicky |Noomi Rapace |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Televisheni]] [[Jamii:Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Uigizaji]] aign966cynyns7pxsu6kecyj2v2bcmp 1613677 1613675 2026-11-05T12:47:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} '''Labyrint''' ni mfululizo wa [[tamthilia]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] ulioonyeshwa kupitia kituo cha TV4. Umetajwa kuwa mradi mkubwa zaidi wa uwekezaji wa kifedha kuwahi kufanywa na kituo hicho. Kipindi cha kwanza cha mfululizo huo kilionyeshwa tarehe [[11 Oktoba]] [[2007]]. == Wahusika == === Wahusika wakuu === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Fredrik Hermelin |Jonas Malmsjö |- |Zahra Haidari |Meliz Karlge di Grado |- |Jonny Johansson |Björn Bengtsson |- |Filippa Bolinder |Isabelle Moraeu |- |Carl Ramhäll |Robert Jelinek |} === Familia === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Miranda Perez |Mirja Turestedt |- |Göran Bolinder |Fredrik Dolk |- |Sofi Ramhäll |Linda Zilliacus |- |Sandra Ramhäll |Hedda Wachtmeister |- |Kasper Ramhäll |Dexter Ericsson |- |Meriam Haidari |Mina Azarian |- |Besym Haidari |Hassan Brijany |- |Samo Haidari |Danilo Bejarano |- |Akram Haidari |Hassan Jafari |- |Nino Haidari |Armand Mirpour |- |Louise Hermelin |Karin Bergquist |- |Gabriella Hermelin |Alexandra Nekrassova |- |Fredrika Hermelin |Viktoria Genberg |- |Monica Hermelin |Karin Bergquist |} === Blue === {| class="wikitable" !Jina la mhusika !Mwigizaji/Mwigizaji wa kike |- |Henry Strolz |Ulf Brunnberg |- |Stig |Per Morberg |- |Hanson |Jonas Inde |- |Per |Christer Fant |- |Nicky |Noomi Rapace |} == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:mifululizo ya televisheni]] lcx1wargzb4u1qu6xcujspnq73ea31u 0 256732 1613678 1613598 2026-11-05T12:48:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Lego Masters (Swedish season 1)]] hadi [[Lego Masters ya Uswidi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lego Masters Sweden''' (Lego Masters Sverige) ni kipindi cha mashindano kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambapo washiriki hupewa changamoto mpya kila wiki ya kujenga vitu kwa kutumia matofali ya kuchezea ya LEGO<ref>https://feber.se/pryl/lego-masters-sverige-drar-igang-pa-sondag/417189/</ref>. Msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi hicho ulianza kurushwa tarehe [[25 Oktoba]] [[2020]] kupitia kituo cha [[televisheni]] cha TV4. Kipindi hicho kiliwasilishwa na Mauri Hermundsson, huku Magnus Göransson akiwa [[jaji]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Televisheni]] [[Jamii:Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Michezo]] 5jibecnn2j0k0xf99jcncmeb36lrof6 1613681 1613678 2026-11-05T12:49:09Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613681 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lego Masters ya Uswidi''' (Lego Masters Sverige) ni kipindi cha mashindano kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambapo washiriki hupewa changamoto mpya kila wiki ya kujenga vitu kwa kutumia matofali ya kuchezea ya LEGO<ref>https://feber.se/pryl/lego-masters-sverige-drar-igang-pa-sondag/417189/</ref>. Msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi hicho ulianza kurushwa tarehe [[25 Oktoba]] [[2020]] kupitia kituo cha [[televisheni]] cha TV4. Kipindi hicho kiliwasilishwa na Mauri Hermundsson, huku Magnus Göransson akiwa [[jaji]]. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Michezo]] f8w9brflj5btqv1yhb9sheq2vnyvfki 0 256733 1613682 1613597 2026-11-05T12:49:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hellfest2017Marduk 03.jpg|thumb|Marduk at Hellfest 2017]] '''Marduk'''<ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Marduk</ref> ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] wa black metal kutoka [[Uswidi]], iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1990 katika jiji la [[Norrköping]]. Bendi hiyo ilitoa albamu yake ya kwanza kamili, Dark Endless, mwaka [[1992]] kupitia [[kampuni]] ya kurekodi muziki ya No Fashion Records. Jina la bendi hiyo limetokana na Marduk, mungu wa kale wa [[Babeli]]. == Historia == Mpiga gitaa Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson alianzisha Marduk akiwa na lengo la kuifanya kuwa “bendi inayokufuru zaidi duniani”. Katika kazi zake mbili za mwanzo, EP ya mwaka 1991 iliyoitwa Fuck Me Jesus na albamu yake ya kwanza Dark Endless iliyotolewa mwaka uliofuata, bendi hiyo ilicheza muziki wa black metal wenye athari za death metal. Katika kazi hizo, wanachama wa bendi walikuwa Håkansson, mwimbaji Andreas “Dread” Axelsson, mpiga gitaa Magnus “Devo” Andersson, mpiga besi Rikard Kalm na mpiga ngoma Joakim “Av Gravf” Göthberg. Dan Swanö wa bendi ya Edge of Sanity alifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti (mixing) katika albamu hizo mbili<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/marduk-mn0000570728</ref>. Baada ya kutolewa kwa Dark Endless, Axelsson na Kalm waliondoka katika bendi hiyo. Göthberg alichukua nafasi ya mwimbaji, huku Roger “B. War” Svensson akijiunga kama mpiga besi. Kikosi hicho kilirekodi albamu yao ya pili, Those of the Unlight, mwezi Aprili 1993, huku Swanö akifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti. Albamu hiyo ilikuwa na mtindo wa black metal wenye mwelekeo zaidi wa melodi na haikuwa na athari za death metal zilizokuwapo katika kazi zao za awali. [[Faili:Metalmania 2008 Marduk 03.jpg|thumb|Marduk performing live at Metalmania, 2008]] Bendi iliendeleza mtindo huo katika albamu ya Opus Nocturne, iliyotolewa tarehe 12 Desemba 1994. Albamu hiyo ilimshirikisha mpiga ngoma Fredrik Andersson, huku Göthberg akijikita katika uimbaji. Ilikuwa albamu ya kwanza kutomshirikisha Magnus Andersson, ambaye alikuwa ameondoka mapema mwaka huohuo.Göthberg aliondoka Marduk mwaka 1995, akitaja kuchoshwa na bendi hiyo kama sababu. Marduk ilimchukua mwimbaji Erik “Legion” Hagstedt, aliyekuwa mwanachama wa awali wa bendi ya Kiswidi ya black metal iitwayo Ophthalamia<ref>https://loudwire.com/marduk-2017-north-american-summer-tour-incantation-abysmal-dawn/</ref>. Baadaye, bendi ilitoa albamu yake ya nne kamili, Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered, iliyorekodiwa katika The Abyss Studio mwezi Januari 1996. Peter Tägtgren wa bendi ya Hypocrisy alishiriki katika utayarishaji na uchanganyaji wa sauti. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa tarehe 1 Julai 1996. Isipokuwa kwa kuondoka kwa Fredrik Andersson na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Emil Dragutinovic mwaka 2002, kikosi hicho kilibaki bila mabadiliko makubwa. Kati ya mwaka 1998 na 2003, bendi ilitoa albamu Nightwing, Panzer Division Marduk, La Grande Danse Macabre na World Funeral. Tägtgren alifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti katika albamu zote hizo. Kutokana na kutoridhishwa na mwelekeo wa bendi na kuzorota kwa mahusiano ya kibinafsi kati ya wanachama, Hagstedt aliondoka mwaka 2003, akifuatiwa na Svensson mwaka uliofuata. Hagstedt alibadilishwa na Daniel “Mortuus” Rostén, anayejulikana pia kupitia bendi ya Funeral Mist, huku mpiga besi Magnus Andersson akirejea katika bendi hiyo. Marduk ilipanga kufanya ziara nchini Marekani mwezi Septemba 2016 pamoja na Carach Angren, Rotting Christ na Necronomicon, lakini ziara hiyo ilifutwa kutokana na ucheleweshaji wa kupata viza. Mwishoni mwa Februari 2017, onesho lililopangwa kufanyika Oakland lilifutwa na ukumbi uliokuwa mwenyeji kwa sababu za kiusalama. Hatua hiyo ilifuatia kundi la wenye msimamo wa kupinga ufashisti kulenga bendi hiyo na kuripotiwa kutoa vitisho kwa wafanyakazi wa ukumbi huo. Katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 2017, Marduk ilifanya ziara nchini Marekani pamoja na Incantation na Abysmal Dawn. Mwezi Aprili 2018, madai kuhusu kuwepo kwa uhusiano wa wanachama wa bendi hiyo na itikadi za Wanazi mamboleo yaliibuka tena. Tovuti ya habari ya Dagens ETC ilichapisha makala iliyodai kuwa Fredrik Widigs na Daniel Rostén walikuwa wameagiza bidhaa kutoka katika duka la mtandaoni la Nordic Resistance Movement, kwa mujibu wa nyaraka zilizovuja kutoka kwenye seva za kundi hilo. Bendi ilikanusha madai hayo pamoja na kuwepo kwa uhusiano wowote na Nordic Resistance Movement. Marduk ilitoa albamu yake ya hivi karibuni ya studio, Viktoria, tarehe 22 Juni 2018. Mwaka 2019, Magnus Andersson aliondoka katika bendi hiyo ili kujikita katika kazi za studio. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na Joel Lindholm mwaka 2020. Marduk ilifanya ziara nchini Marekani pamoja na Incantation mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2023. Mwezi Mei mwaka huohuo, Lindholm aliondoka katika bendi baada ya video kuonesha akionekana kufanya ishara ya saluti ya Wanazi wakati wa utumbuizaji wao katika tamasha la Incineration Fest jijini London. Håkansson alielezea tukio hilo kuwa la kusikitisha na lisilokubalika. Bendi ilisema kuwa haikuwa na taarifa kuhusu tukio hilo hadi baada ya onesho, na kuongeza kuwa Lindholm alikuwa amelewa sana na alifanya vitendo mbalimbali visivyovumilika jukwaani. Bendi hiyo ilipangiwa kutumbuiza mjini Bangkok, Thailand, mwaka 2023. Mwezi Juni 2024, Marduk ilitumbuiza katika tamasha la Milwaukee Metal Fest. Mpiga besi wa zamani wa bendi hiyo, Roger Svensson, alifariki mwezi Julai 2026<ref>https://www.brooklynvegan.com/milwaukee-metal-fest-reveals-final-2024-lineup-preshow-details/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki]] c00v82h6y3ig2z6bpksfc22il684fmb 1613683 1613682 2026-11-05T12:50:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Marduk (band)]] hadi [[Marduk (bendi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613682 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Hellfest2017Marduk 03.jpg|thumb|Marduk at Hellfest 2017]] '''Marduk'''<ref>https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Marduk</ref> ni [[bendi]] ya [[muziki]] wa black metal kutoka [[Uswidi]], iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1990 katika jiji la [[Norrköping]]. Bendi hiyo ilitoa albamu yake ya kwanza kamili, Dark Endless, mwaka [[1992]] kupitia [[kampuni]] ya kurekodi muziki ya No Fashion Records. Jina la bendi hiyo limetokana na Marduk, mungu wa kale wa [[Babeli]]. == Historia == Mpiga gitaa Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson alianzisha Marduk akiwa na lengo la kuifanya kuwa “bendi inayokufuru zaidi duniani”. Katika kazi zake mbili za mwanzo, EP ya mwaka 1991 iliyoitwa Fuck Me Jesus na albamu yake ya kwanza Dark Endless iliyotolewa mwaka uliofuata, bendi hiyo ilicheza muziki wa black metal wenye athari za death metal. Katika kazi hizo, wanachama wa bendi walikuwa Håkansson, mwimbaji Andreas “Dread” Axelsson, mpiga gitaa Magnus “Devo” Andersson, mpiga besi Rikard Kalm na mpiga ngoma Joakim “Av Gravf” Göthberg. Dan Swanö wa bendi ya Edge of Sanity alifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti (mixing) katika albamu hizo mbili<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/artist/marduk-mn0000570728</ref>. Baada ya kutolewa kwa Dark Endless, Axelsson na Kalm waliondoka katika bendi hiyo. Göthberg alichukua nafasi ya mwimbaji, huku Roger “B. War” Svensson akijiunga kama mpiga besi. Kikosi hicho kilirekodi albamu yao ya pili, Those of the Unlight, mwezi Aprili 1993, huku Swanö akifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti. Albamu hiyo ilikuwa na mtindo wa black metal wenye mwelekeo zaidi wa melodi na haikuwa na athari za death metal zilizokuwapo katika kazi zao za awali. [[Faili:Metalmania 2008 Marduk 03.jpg|thumb|Marduk performing live at Metalmania, 2008]] Bendi iliendeleza mtindo huo katika albamu ya Opus Nocturne, iliyotolewa tarehe 12 Desemba 1994. Albamu hiyo ilimshirikisha mpiga ngoma Fredrik Andersson, huku Göthberg akijikita katika uimbaji. Ilikuwa albamu ya kwanza kutomshirikisha Magnus Andersson, ambaye alikuwa ameondoka mapema mwaka huohuo.Göthberg aliondoka Marduk mwaka 1995, akitaja kuchoshwa na bendi hiyo kama sababu. Marduk ilimchukua mwimbaji Erik “Legion” Hagstedt, aliyekuwa mwanachama wa awali wa bendi ya Kiswidi ya black metal iitwayo Ophthalamia<ref>https://loudwire.com/marduk-2017-north-american-summer-tour-incantation-abysmal-dawn/</ref>. Baadaye, bendi ilitoa albamu yake ya nne kamili, Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered, iliyorekodiwa katika The Abyss Studio mwezi Januari 1996. Peter Tägtgren wa bendi ya Hypocrisy alishiriki katika utayarishaji na uchanganyaji wa sauti. Albamu hiyo ilitolewa tarehe 1 Julai 1996. Isipokuwa kwa kuondoka kwa Fredrik Andersson na nafasi yake kuchukuliwa na Emil Dragutinovic mwaka 2002, kikosi hicho kilibaki bila mabadiliko makubwa. Kati ya mwaka 1998 na 2003, bendi ilitoa albamu Nightwing, Panzer Division Marduk, La Grande Danse Macabre na World Funeral. Tägtgren alifanya kazi ya kuchanganya sauti katika albamu zote hizo. Kutokana na kutoridhishwa na mwelekeo wa bendi na kuzorota kwa mahusiano ya kibinafsi kati ya wanachama, Hagstedt aliondoka mwaka 2003, akifuatiwa na Svensson mwaka uliofuata. Hagstedt alibadilishwa na Daniel “Mortuus” Rostén, anayejulikana pia kupitia bendi ya Funeral Mist, huku mpiga besi Magnus Andersson akirejea katika bendi hiyo. Marduk ilipanga kufanya ziara nchini Marekani mwezi Septemba 2016 pamoja na Carach Angren, Rotting Christ na Necronomicon, lakini ziara hiyo ilifutwa kutokana na ucheleweshaji wa kupata viza. Mwishoni mwa Februari 2017, onesho lililopangwa kufanyika Oakland lilifutwa na ukumbi uliokuwa mwenyeji kwa sababu za kiusalama. Hatua hiyo ilifuatia kundi la wenye msimamo wa kupinga ufashisti kulenga bendi hiyo na kuripotiwa kutoa vitisho kwa wafanyakazi wa ukumbi huo. Katika majira ya kiangazi ya mwaka 2017, Marduk ilifanya ziara nchini Marekani pamoja na Incantation na Abysmal Dawn. Mwezi Aprili 2018, madai kuhusu kuwepo kwa uhusiano wa wanachama wa bendi hiyo na itikadi za Wanazi mamboleo yaliibuka tena. Tovuti ya habari ya Dagens ETC ilichapisha makala iliyodai kuwa Fredrik Widigs na Daniel Rostén walikuwa wameagiza bidhaa kutoka katika duka la mtandaoni la Nordic Resistance Movement, kwa mujibu wa nyaraka zilizovuja kutoka kwenye seva za kundi hilo. Bendi ilikanusha madai hayo pamoja na kuwepo kwa uhusiano wowote na Nordic Resistance Movement. Marduk ilitoa albamu yake ya hivi karibuni ya studio, Viktoria, tarehe 22 Juni 2018. Mwaka 2019, Magnus Andersson aliondoka katika bendi hiyo ili kujikita katika kazi za studio. Nafasi yake ilichukuliwa na Joel Lindholm mwaka 2020. Marduk ilifanya ziara nchini Marekani pamoja na Incantation mwanzoni mwa mwaka 2023. Mwezi Mei mwaka huohuo, Lindholm aliondoka katika bendi baada ya video kuonesha akionekana kufanya ishara ya saluti ya Wanazi wakati wa utumbuizaji wao katika tamasha la Incineration Fest jijini London. Håkansson alielezea tukio hilo kuwa la kusikitisha na lisilokubalika. Bendi ilisema kuwa haikuwa na taarifa kuhusu tukio hilo hadi baada ya onesho, na kuongeza kuwa Lindholm alikuwa amelewa sana na alifanya vitendo mbalimbali visivyovumilika jukwaani. Bendi hiyo ilipangiwa kutumbuiza mjini Bangkok, Thailand, mwaka 2023. Mwezi Juni 2024, Marduk ilitumbuiza katika tamasha la Milwaukee Metal Fest. Mpiga besi wa zamani wa bendi hiyo, Roger Svensson, alifariki mwezi Julai 2026<ref>https://www.brooklynvegan.com/milwaukee-metal-fest-reveals-final-2024-lineup-preshow-details/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Bendi za muziki]] c00v82h6y3ig2z6bpksfc22il684fmb 0 256734 1613685 1613596 2026-11-05T12:51:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613685 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Jila Mossaed.jpg|thumb|Jila Mossaed.]] '''Jila Mossaed Estakhri''' (kwa [[Kiajemi]]: ژیلا مساعد استخری; alizaliwa [[4 Aprili]] [[1948]]) ni [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa jijini [[Tehran]], nchini [[Iran]]. Aliteuliwa kuwa mwanachama mpya wa Chuo cha Uswidi (Swedish Academy) tarehe 4 Oktoba [[2018]] na kuingizwa rasmi katika chuo hicho tarehe 20 Desemba 2018<ref>https://www.svt.se/kultur/jila-mossaed</ref><ref>https://www.svenskaakademien.se/press/nya-ledamoter-i-svenska-akademien-0</ref>. Mossaed amekuwa akiishi nchini Uswidi akiwa uhamishoni kutoka Iran tangu mwaka 1986. Anaishi jijini [[Gothenburg]] na huandika kazi zake kwa lugha za Kiswidi na Kiajemi. Tarehe 5 Oktoba 2018, Mossaed alitangazwa kuwa mwanachama mpya wa Chuo cha Uswidi pamoja na [[jaji]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya Juu ya Uswidi, Eric M. Runesson. Alichukua nafasi ya 15 iliyokuwa ikishikiliwa na mwandishi Kerstin Ekman. Ekman aliacha kushiriki katika shughuli za chuo hicho mwaka 1989 kutokana na kutoridhishwa na namna kilivyoshughulikia mgogoro uliohusiana na kitabu The Satanic Verses. Alijiuzulu rasmi mwaka 2018. Mashairi ya Mossaed yametafsiriwa katika lugha za [[Kiholanzi]], [[Kiingereza]], [[Kifaransa]] na [[Kigiriki]]. Mwaka 2020, alipokea tuzo ya Prix Vénus Khoury-Ghata. Mwaka 2022, alipokea tuzo ya Prix Max-Jacob kutokana na kazi yake ya Le huitième pays (Det åttonde landet), iliyotafsiriwa na Françoise Sule. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Iran]] 3rum26vfldcbychym24k1srw2eiccch 0 256736 1613686 1613594 2026-11-05T12:52:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613686 wikitext text/x-wiki {{vyanzo}} [[Faili:Roslin Alexander - Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotta av Holstein-Gottorp2.jpg|thumb|Roslin, Alexander - Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp]] '''Robe de cour,''' inayojulikana pia kwa majina ya robe de corpse, grand habit na grand habit de cour, ilikuwa aina ya [[vazi]] la [[wanawake]] lililotumika [[Ulaya]] katika [[karne ya 18]]. Lilikuwa vazi rasmi zaidi lililovaliwa kuanzia mwaka 1700, baada ya vazi la mantua kuchukua nafasi yake katika hafla nyingi, isipokuwa zile zilizokuwa na taratibu rasmi sana. Hata hivyo, robe de cour liliendelea kutumika kama vazi rasmi la mahakamani katika karne yote ya 18. Vazi hili rasmi la mahakamani, lililojulikana pia kama grand habit de cour au vazi lenye sehemu ya juu ngumu, liliendeleza mitindo ya mavazi ya miaka ya 1670 hata baada ya vazi la mantua kuchukua nafasi yake katika hafla nyingine nyingi mwishoni mwa karne ya 17. Vazi hilo lilikuwa na sehemu ya juu iliyokatwa kwa umbo la mviringo na kushuka chini, kiasi cha kuacha mabega wazi. Sehemu hiyo ya juu iliimarishwa kwa mifupa au vijiti vigumu vya kushikilia umbo la vazi, na kufungwa kwa kamba nyuma, tofauti na mavazi yaliyokuwa yakifunguliwa mbele. Mikono yake ilifika kwenye viwiko na kupambwa kwa tabaka kadhaa za mapambo ya kitambaa cha lasi. Muundo huo ulifanana na mikono mipana ya shati la ndani lililovaliwa pamoja na mtindo wa awali wa vazi hilo. == Picha za kihistoria == * Madame de Ventadour (upande wa kushoto), katika mchoro wa familia ya Mfalme Louis XIV wa Ufaransa. * Maria Leszczyńska, malkia wa Ufaransa. * Marianne Cochois, mcheza dansi wa ballet. * Madame Adélaïde wa Ufaransa, katika mchoro wa Jean-Marc Nattier wa mwaka 1756. * Madame Adélaïde wa Ufaransa, akiwa ameshika feni, katika mchoro kutoka studio ya Jean-Marc Nattier. * Sophia Magdalena wa Denmark, aliyekuwa malkia wa Uswidi. * Maria I wa Ureno, katika mchoro wa karne ya 18. * Vazi la kutawazwa la Louisa Ulrika wa Prussia, lililotumika mwaka 1751 na kuhifadhiwa katika Jumba la Makumbusho la Livrustkammaren nchini Uswidi. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Mavazi]] q3g0lco0cdqoc1lmnqz07p94fab1pa0 0 256737 1613687 1613593 2026-11-05T12:53:10Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Olof Sandborg in Hoppet at Östermalmsteatern 1907 - SMV - GS010.tif|thumb|Olof Sandborg in Op Hoop van Zegen in 1907]] '''Olof Sandborg''' ([[30 Aprili]] [[1884]] jijini [[Gothenburg]] – [[26 Machi]] [[1965]] jijini [[Stockholm]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 1962, alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award)<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0761320/</ref>. == Filamu alizoigiza == * 1913 – Blodets röst * 1913 – Lady Marions sommarflirt * 1916 – Svärmor på vift eller Förbjudna vägar * 1917 – Brottmålsdomaren * 1930 – The Doctor's Secret * 1932 – International Match * 1933 – Djurgårdsnätter * 1933 – En melodi om våren * 1934 – Man's Way with Women * 1934 – A Wedding Night at Stjarnehov * 1934 – Andersson's Kalle * 1936 – The Ghost of Bragehus * 1937 – Happy Vestköping * 1937 – Russian Flu * 1938 – Career * 1939 – Only One Night * 1939 – Mot nya tider * 1940 – Hans Nåds testamente * 1941 – The Talk of the Town * 1942 – General von Döbeln * 1942 – Adventurer * 1944 – The Emperor of Portugallia * 1945 – Tired Theodore * 1954 – Simon the Sinner * 1955 – Whoops! * 1955 – The Dance Hall * 1956 – Moon Over Hellesta * 1956 – Night Child * 1957 – The Halo Is Slipping * 1957 – A Dreamer's Journey * 1958 – Miss April * 1960 – On a Bench in a Park * 1962 – Adventures of Nils Holgersson * 1975 – Mysteriet natten till den 25:e == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1884]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1965]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] 4yov04ugedz2i6s4v47szpmb693hzyf 0 256738 1613689 1613592 2026-11-05T12:53:55Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:M. Seilitz 1988.jpg|thumb|Seilitz in ''The Odd Couple'' (1988).]] '''Mona Elisabet Seilitz''' (alizaliwa kwa [[jina]] la Alexandersson; [[16 Januari]] [[1943]] – [[2 Aprili]] [[2008]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]] na mburudishaji kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa jijini [[Malmö]] na alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa waigizaji wakongwe katika vipindi vya televisheni vya maigizo na vichekesho nchini Uswidi<ref>https://forum.bcdb.com/forum/Error:%20Variable%20%27hot_short_title%27%20is%20not%20a%20code%20reference_P87281/</ref>. Seilitz pia alifanya kazi ya kutoa sauti katika katuni mbalimbali za lugha ya Kiswidi. Alipata nafasi kuu za uigizaji wa sauti katika filamu tatu za uhuishaji za kifamilia zilizotayarishwa na kampuni ya Happy Life Animation. Filamu hizo ni Pettson och Findus - katten och gubbens år (1999), Pettson och Findus - Kattonauten (2000) na Pettson och Findus 3: Tomtemaskinen (2005). Aidha, Seilitz anajulikana kwa kutoa sauti ya mhusika Cruella de Vil katika toleo la Kiswidi la kazi hiyo ya uhuishaji. Seilitz alifariki tarehe 2 Aprili 2008 akiwa na umri wa miaka 65, kutokana na [[saratani]] ya matiti<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/dd7k2o/gnistan-var-kvar-till-slutet</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1943]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2008]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wachekeshaji]] lt7a8m2s1wq7f2b7u55tc7hccksclox 0 256739 1613691 1613591 2026-11-05T12:55:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Rolf Skoglund in Aug 2015.jpg|thumb|Skoglund in 2015.]] '''Rolf Fredrik Skoglund''' ([[11 Agosti]] [[1940]] – [[28 Juni]] [[2022]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka [[2007]], alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award)<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/pWwxpo/rolf-skoglund-ar-dod</ref><ref>https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelaren-rolf-skoglund-dod/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1940]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] qc9fli3q1cymlmb90ph4fhcywik4rk1 0 256742 1613692 1613589 2026-11-05T12:56:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613692 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Lill Terselius.jpg|thumb|Terselius at the 48th Guldbagge Awards (2013).]] '''Lil Poldi Terselius''' ([[5 Novemba]] [[1944]] – [[26 Oktoba]] [[2021]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]<ref>https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelerskan-lil-terselius-ar-dod/</ref>. Katika hafla ya 14 ya [[Tuzo]] za Guldbagge (Guldbagge Awards), alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu ya Games of Love and Loneliness. Mwaka 2000, alitunukiwa pia Tuzo ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award)<ref>https://www.expressen.se/noje/skadespelerskan-lil-terselius-ar-dod/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] nv7ykenyd2amf01zhvgnuzwd675tnaw 0 256743 1613693 1613587 2026-11-05T12:57:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613693 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kerstin Thorvall, 1959 (2).jpg|thumb|Kerstin Thorvall in 1959]] '''Kerstin Thorvall'''<ref>https://snl.no/Kerstin_Thorvall</ref> ([[12 Agosti]] [[1925]] – [[9 Aprili]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] mashuhuri wa [[riwaya]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa katika mji wa [[Eskilstuna]], nchini Uswidi<ref name=":1">http://www.thelocal.se/25998/20100410/</ref>. Mwanzoni mwa maisha yake ya kazi, Thorvall alijihusisha na shughuli za kuchora vielelezo. Kitabu chake cha kwanza kilikuwa Boken till dig (Kitabu kwa ajili yako), kilichochapishwa mwaka 1959 na kupata umaarufu miongoni mwa wasomaji vijana. Baadhi ya kazi zake zilizua mijadala na mabishano. Mfano maarufu ni riwaya yake ya mwaka 1976, Det mest förbjudna (Kilichokatazwa Zaidi), iliyochapishwa kwa Kiingereza chini ya jina Forbidden Fruit. Riwaya hiyo ilihusu mwanamke wa umri wa makamo aliyekuwa na hamu kubwa ya kujamiiana. Mwaka 2016, riwaya hiyo ilibadilishwa na kuwa mfululizo wa vipindi vitatu vya [[televisheni]] vilivyoonyeshwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Uswidi (SVT). Mwigizaji wa Uswidi Cilla Thorell alimuigiza Thorvall katika mfululizo huo. Thorvall alifariki mwezi Aprili 2010 baada ya kuugua kwa muda mrefu akiwa katika kituo cha huduma kwa wazee<ref name=":1" />. == Kazi teule == * 1957 – Förstå mig (pamoja na Gustaf Jonsson) * 1959 – Boken till dig * 1960 – Kvinnoglädje * 1960 – För henne * 1961 – Flicka i april (kilichochapishwa kwa Kiingereza kama Girl in April, mwaka 1963, kikitafsiriwa na Annabelle Macmillan) * 1962 – Någon att tycka om * 1963 – Flicka i Paris * 1964 – Flickan i verkligheten * 1965 – Den nya kvinnan * 1965 – Dubbelroll * 1965 – Porträtt av ett mycket litet barn * 1965 – Andra boken till dig * 1966 – Jag vill dansa * 1966 – Gunnar gör mål (kilichochapishwa kwa Kiingereza kama Gunnar Scores a Goal, mwaka 1968) * 1966 – Anders och hans stora bror * 1967 – Fula ord är så sköna * 1967 – Det var inte meningen * 1967 – När Gunnar ville spela ishockey * 1967 – Thomas – En vecka i maj * 1968 – Kvinnor och barn * 1968 – Gunnar vill inte klippa håret * 1969 – "Vart ska du gå?" "Ut" * 1970 – Anders leker kurragömma * 1970 – Peter möter Cecilia * 1970 – Nämen Gunnar! * 1971 – Följetong i skärt och svart (kilichochapishwa kwa Kiingereza kama And Leffe Was Instead of a Dad, mwaka 1974) * 1971 – I min trotsålder * 1971 – Resan till Italien * 1971 – I stället för en pappa * 1972 – Jag vet hur det känns- * 1972 – Mamma, var är du? * 1972 – Hur blir det sen då? * 1973 – Men akta dig, så att du inte blir kär * 1973 – Tala mera om det * 1973 – Sergio i Chile * 1973 – Jag vill också vara med * 1974 – Min pappa säger att din pappa sitter i fängelse * 1974 – Godnattsagor om Anders, nästan 4 * 1975 – Sara * 1975 – Vart ska du gå? Vet inte I * 1976 – Det ska vara en farmor i år * 1976 – Att älska Sussy * 1976 – Det mest förbjudna * 1977 – Den lyckliga kärleken * 1977 – Oskuldens död * 1977 – Mer om Sara * 1978 – Anders hittar en kattunge * 1979 – Ensam dam reser ensam * 1980 – Doften av pion * 1980 – Jonas och kärleken * 1981 – Din lycka är min * 1982 – Tänk om det är klimakteriet * 1983 – "Isa aseaine" * 1984 – Ett fönster på glänt * 1985 – Kärleksdikter * 1985 – Den försvunna mamman * 1985 – Johanna * 1987 – Tacka och ta emot och andra berättelser om kärlekens förvillelser * 1987 – Svart resa * 1991 – Nedstigen ängel * 1993 – När man skjuter arbetare... * 1995 – I skuggan av oron * 1998 – Från Signe till Alberte * 1999 – Berättelsen om Signe * 1999 – Provokationer, passioner, personer och en eller annan hyacint * 2000 – Jag minns alla mina älskare och hur de brukade ta på mig * 2001 – Nödvändigheten i att dansa * 2003 – Upptäckten * 2005 – Jag är en grön bänk i Paris – Dikter 1965–1991 == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1925]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uswidi]] na2xmhwhk1mianvx9jk864trlzgvv83 0 256744 1613695 1613601 2026-11-05T12:58:56Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Youyou Muntu-Mosi''' ([[Kinshasa]], 1974 - [[Paris]], 19 Agosti 2025) alikuwa mwanasheria na [[Harakati|mwanaharakati]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] aliyeishi ughaibuni. Anajulikana kwa harakati zake za kisiasa za kuunga mkono demokrasia katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo (DRC), hasa ndani ya kundi la "DR Congo nchini Ufaransa" na kundi la Upinzani wa Kizalendo wa Kongo katika ughaibuni. == Wasifu == === Elimu na Maisha ya Kitaaluma === Akiwa wakili kwa mafunzo, Youyou Muntu-Mosi alifanya kazi katika sekta ya kilimo cha chakula nchini Ufaransa, ambapo alikuwa mtendaji wa mauzo. Mnamo Juni 2012, katika mahojiano na chombo cha habari Ingeta, alijielezea kama wakili kwa mafunzo, mtendaji wa mauzo, na msemaji wa kundi la "DR Congo nchini Ufaransa". === Uanaharakati === Youyou Muntu-Mosi alijulikana kwa harakati zake ndani ya ughaibuni wa Kongo nchini Ufaransa. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la Upinzani wa Kizalendo wa Kongo katika ughaibuni na msemaji wa kundi la "DR Congo nchini Ufaransa". Uanaharakati wake ulionyeshwa kupitia maandamano, kuonekana kwenye vyombo vya habari, na machapisho ya mitandao ya kijamii. Alishiriki katika uhamasishaji dhidi ya utawala wa Joseph Kabila, haswa ndani ya harakati ya "Kabila Out", na akaendelea kukosoa mamlaka ya Kongo mfululizo. Pia alizungumzia hali ya usalama na kisiasa mashariki mwa DRC, ukatili dhidi ya wanawake, uhuru wa kujieleza, na jukumu la diaspora katika kuongeza uelewa wa umma wa kimataifa. === Ugonjwa na Kifo === Mnamo 2021, Youyou Muntu-Mosi alitangaza hadharani vita yake na saratani, ambayo ilihitaji kukaa hospitalini mara kadhaa. Kampeni ya kuchangisha fedha iliandaliwa baadaye ili kusaidia kufidia gharama zake za matibabu. Mnamo Mei 11, 2024, katika siku yake ya kuzaliwa ya miaka hamsini, alitangaza kwamba angeacha shughuli zake za vyombo vya habari ili kuzingatia afya yake. Alifariki Paris mnamo Agosti 19, 2025, akiwa na umri wa miaka 51. Tangazo la kifo chake lilisababisha hisia kutoka kwa wanaharakati wa asasi za kiraia, viongozi wa kisiasa, na wanachama wa diaspora wa Kongo. == Pongezi == Kufuatia tangazo la kifo chake, watu kadhaa mashuhuri na mashirika walisifu kujitolea kwake. Mwanaharakati Karine Ndjoko alitaja imani yake isiyoyumba. Mbunge wa zamani Claudel André Lubaya alisisitiza kushikamana kwake na Kongo na ushiriki wake wa kisiasa. Wanaharakati kutoka LUCHA na kampeni ya Génocost pia walitoa pongezi kwa kazi yake. {{marejeo}} {{BD|1974|2025}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] 8bh5lyoq92pdy76zhj6r9v0wz1xx7e0 0 256745 1613696 1613603 2026-11-05T12:59:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613696 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Antonina Petrova''' ( 14 Machi 1915 – 4 Novemba 1941) alikuwa mpiganaji wa msituni na muuguzi wa Kisovyeti. Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Aprili 1942<ref>[http://sun.tsu.ru/mminfo/2020/000462771/1942/1942_013.pdf Указ Президиума Верховного Совета СССР «О присвоении звания Героя Советского Союза т. т. Никитину И. И., Петровой А. В., Харченко М. С., особо отличившимся в партизанской борьбе в тылу против немецких захватчиков» от 8 апреля 1942 года] // Ведомости Верховного Совета Союза Советских Социалистических Республик : газета. — 1942. — 24 апреля (№ 13 (172)). — С. 1.</ref> kwa kujiua ili kuepuka kukamatwa na kuhojiwa na Wajerumani baada ya risasi zake kuisha.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941–45|last=Sakaida|first=Henry|date=2012-04-20|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781780966922|pages=58|language=en}}</ref> == Maisha ya zamani == Petrova alizaliwa mnamo 14 Machi 1915 huko Streshevo, Petrograd, katika familia ya wakulima wa Kirusi. Baada ya kumaliza shule ya ufundi, alifanya kazi kama mshonaji na baadaye katika hosteli. Hadi uvamizi wa Ujerumani katika Umoja wa Kisovyeti katikati mwa 1941, alifanya kazi katika umoja wa vijana wa kikomunisti(Komsomol) kama mhasibu. Alijulikana miongoni mwa wenzake kama mtu mwenye msimamo mkubwa ambaye aliandika kumbukumbu za mikutano na mara chache sana kuongea mengi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1657|title=Петрова Антониna Васильевна|last=Ufarkin|first=Nikolai|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111042503/http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1657|archive-date=2017-11-11|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Shkadov 1988">{{Cite book|title=Герой Советского Союза II, Любовь - Яшчук|last=Shkadov|first=Ivan|publisher=Voenizdat|year=1988|isbn=5203005362|location=Moscow|oclc=312615596}}</ref> == Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia == Mara tu baada ya uvamizi wa Ujerumani, alianza kozi ya uuguzi. Baada ya kumaliza, aliomba kazi ya uuguzi katika kikosi fulani. Kikosi chake mara nyingi kilifanya uharibifu wa barabara na kushambulia vikosi vya jeshi la Axis kutoka nyuma, ndani kabisa ya eneo linalodhibitiwa na adui. Kwenye utume wao wa kwanza walipewa jukumu la kubaini mahali ambapo vikosi vya adui vilivyokuwa vikisogea kuelekea mji wa Luga vipo na kisha kushambulia. Kwa kuwa alikuwa muuguzi, ilimbidi amsihi kamanda wake amruhusu kushiriki katika shambulio la kuvizia, ambapo walijificha kwenye vichaka vya kando ya barabara, wakingojea gari la jeshi la Ujerumani lisogee. Wakati gari lilipokaribia, wanafamilia kadhaa wa kikosi hicho walishambulia wakati Petrova alitupa bomu la mkono mbele ya gari ili wapiga risasi waweze kuwapiga waliokuw ndani. Mnamo Agosti, baada ya kukamilisha kwa mafanikio utume huo, alihamishiwa kwenye Kikosi cha 2 cha Wapiganaji wa Msituni chini ya amri ya ndugu Ivan na Stanislav Poleyko. Kitengo hiki kilikuwa na watu ishirini na saba tu. Pamoja na vikosi vingine saba vya wasituni, walitega mabomu ya ardhini uwanjani na kukata nyaya za simu na telegraph. Kuanzia Agosti hadi mwanzo wa Oktoba kitengo hicho kilitega mabomu kwenye barabara za Tolmachevo - Osmino na Luga - Lyady, kiliharibu reli za Tolmachevo-Mshinskaya, na kudondosha ndege nne. Baadaye mnamo Oktoba waliharibu madaraja sita, likiwemo moja lililokuwa kwenye reli muhimu ya Leningrad-Vitebsk. Petrova alishiriki katika karibu shughuli zote za kijeshi za kikosi hicho na akaenda kwenye misheni kadhaa ya upelelezi. Wakati wa misheni moja, baada ya kusikia kuhusu kuwasili kwa kikosi cha kupambana na wapiganaji wa msituni, alitaarifu kikosi chake ili kiwe tayari, jambo ambalo lilisababisha kupona kwa wanachama wote wa kikosi hicho siku hiyo.<ref name="Shkadov 1988" /><ref name="Svetlov 1969">{{Cite journal|last=Svetlov|first=G|date=1969|title=Luzhanka|url=http://www.a-z.ru/women_cd2/12/11/i80_125.htm|journal=Heroines: Essays on Women - Heroes of the Soviet Union|language=ru|location=Moscow|publisher=Politizdat|issue=II|pages=463}}</ref> Mnamo Oktoba mwishoni, kikosi chake kilipelekwa kituo cha Mshinskaya, lakini jeshi la Axis liligundua kuhusu kupelekwa kwao. Kwa hiyo, tarehe 4 Novemba, wapiganaji 11 waliokuwa kituoni hapo walikiwa wamezingirwa na kikosi kikubwa cha askari wa Axis. Wakiwa wamezidiwa nguvu sana, wengi wa wapiganaji waliuawa wakati wakikimbia eneo hilo, lakini Petrova alichukua bunduki ya mtutu (machine gun) na kuanza kuwapiga wapiganaji wa adui hadi alipobakiwa na risasi chache. Baada ya risasi kuisha, askari kadhaa wa Axis walimkimbilia, lakini alijipiga risasi ili kuepuka kukamatwa. Kwa kitendo hiki alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Aprili 1942 kwa amri ya Baraza Kuu la Soviet. Ukumbusho ulijengwa mahali ambapo wapiganaji waliuawa. Petrova aliheshimiwa kwa makumbusho mbalimbali pamoja na barabara, kikosi cha vijana wapiganaji, na shule ya upili kupewa jina lake.<ref name="Svetlov 1969" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://lenww2.ru/index.php/heros?id=3429|title=Петрова Антонина Васильевна - Герой Советского Союза|last=Sedelnikov|first=Aleksey|website=lenww2.ru|language=ru|access-date=2018-04-27|archive-date=2018-04-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428093856/http://lenww2.ru/index.php/heros?id=3429|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Janina|first=Cottam|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|pages=315–320|oclc=228063546}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1915]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1941]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Urusi]] pslq7prmaeybn42ptsszwu3nhgoxkj5 0 256746 1613697 1613604 2026-11-05T13:00:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clarice Halligan''' (17 Septemba 1904 – 16 Februari 1942) alikuwa muuguzi na mmisionari wa Australia. Wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]] alijiunga na Huduma ya Uuguzi ya Jeshi la Australia, na akiwa kama mfungwa wa vita aliuawa na Wajapani katika mauaji ya kisiwa cha Bangka. == Maisha ya zamani == Clarice Isobel Halligan alizaliwa huko Ballarat, Victoria, tarehe 17 Septemba 1904,<ref name="VWM">{{cite web |title=Clarice Isobel HALLIGAN |url=https://vwma.org.au/explore/people/630765 |website=Virtual War Memorial |accessdate=8 February 2020}}</ref> akiwa binti wa Joseph Patrick Halligan na Emily Watson Chalmers. Alikuwa na ndugu saba wa kiume na wa kike.<ref name="Niece">{{cite web|url=http://muntokpeacemuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/The-Story-of-Clarice-Isobel-Halligan.pdf|title=My story of Aunt, Clarice Isobel Halligan|last1=Curtis|first1=Lorraine|accessdate=8 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11964116|title=Rylah—Halligan|date=1 February 1937|newspaper=The Argus (Melbourne)|access-date=8 February 2020|location=Victoria, Australia|page=3|via=Trove}}</ref> Halligan alipata mafunzo ya uuguzi katika Hospitali ya Melbourne (The Melbourne Hospital) na Hospitali ya Wanawake (Women's Hospital).<ref name="ACN">{{cite web |title=Nurses to be honoured in 2020 Last Post Ceremonies |url=https://www.acn.edu.au/nurseclick/nurses-to-be-honoured-in-2020-last-post-ceremonies |website=Australian College of Nursing |accessdate=8 February 2020 |language=en-AU |date=10 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223321851|title=NURSES' EXAM.|date=12 June 1926|newspaper=Weekly Times|access-date=8 February 2020|location=Victoria, Australia|page=12|via=Trove}}</ref> Alifanya kazi kwa miaka mitatu na nusu katika hospitali hiyo iliyopewa jina jipya la Royal Melbourne Hospital.<ref name="Niece"/> Mnamo 1934 alisafiri kwenda Papua New Guinea kama mishonari,<ref name="ACN"/> akawasili [[Port Moresby]] tarehe 31 Julai.<ref name="Niece"/> == Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia == [[File:Embarkation of the ship Malaya 3.jpg|thumb|Muuguzi Mary Cuthbertson, Dada Clarice Halligan, Dada Ada Syer na Muuguzi Ruby Wilson kwenye meli ya usafiri ''Malaya'', 29 Julai 1941]] Halligan alijiunga na Huduma ya Uuguzi ya Jeshi la Australia katika Kituo cha Matibabu cha Jeshi la Australia huko Melbourne tarehe 11 Julai 1940.<ref>{{Cite book|last=|first=|url=https://recordsearch.naa.gov.au/SearchNRetrieve/Interface/ViewImage.aspx?B=6130785|title=HALLIGAN CLARICE ISOBEL : Service Number – VFX47776|date=|publisher=National Archives of Australia|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref name="VWM"/> Alijiunga na Hospitali ya Jumla ya 2/13 ya Australia tarehe 20 Desemba,<ref name="VWM"/> akitumikia huko Malacca, Malaysia na Singapore kufuatia kusonga mbele kwa Wajapani.<ref name="ACN"/> Mnamo Februari 1942, Halligan aliondolewa kutoka Singapore kwa meli ya SS Vyner Brooke.<ref name="ACN"/> Pamoja na wauguzi 65 wa Australia na zaidi ya raia 250 wa kiume, kike na watoto, aliondolewa kutoka Singapore siku tatu kabla ya kuanguka kwa Malaya. Alijeruhiwa wakati meli hiyo ilipopigwa na Kombora za angani za Wajapani na kuzama katika Mlango-bahari wa Bangka tarehe 14 Februari, na kuwaacha wauguzi 22 wakiwa wamekwama katika Kisiwa cha Bangka nchini Dutch East Indies (ambayo sasa ni Indonesia).<ref name="ACN"/> Wauguzi hao walichukuliwa kama wafungwa wa vita na Wajapani, pamoja na wanajeshi 25 wa Uingereza. Tarehe 16 Februari kikundi hicho kiliuawa kikatili. Wanajeshi walichomwa visu vya singe na wauguzi waliamriwa kuviringika kwenda baharini katika Ufukwe wa Radji,<ref name="Niece"/><ref>{{Citation|author1=Shaw, Ian W|title=On Radji Beach|date=September 2010|publication-date=2012|publisher=Sydney Pan|isbn=978-1-74262-231-6}}</ref> ambapo walipigwa risasi. Halligan alikuwa na umri wa miaka 37.<ref name="VWM"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article248025709|title=21 AUSTRALIAN NURSES MASSACRED|date=17 September 1945|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=8 February 2020|location=New South Wales, Australia|page=1|via=Trove}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article194384284|title=AUSTRALIAN NURSES MURDERED BY JAPANESE|date=18 September 1945|newspaper=Tweed Daily|access-date=8 February 2020|location=New South Wales, Australia|page=1|via=Trove}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|author1=Dodkin, Marilyn|title=Goodnight Bobbie : one family's war|year=2006|publication-date=2006|publisher=UNSW Press|isbn=978-0-86840-850-7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article241303912|title=Family Notices|date=17 June 1944|newspaper=The Herald|access-date=8 February 2020|location=Victoria, Australia|page=4|via=Trove}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article206784129|title=Family Notices|date=14 June 1944|newspaper=The Age|access-date=8 February 2020|location=Victoria, Australia|page=6|via=Trove}}</ref> == Tuzo na Heshima == Halligan alikumbukwa katika sherehe ya Last Post kwenye Australian War Memorial tarehe 9 Februari 2020.<ref name="ACN"/> Ukumbusho wake uko katika Singapore Memorial ndani ya Kranji War Cemetery,<ref name="VWM"/> na anakumbukwa kwenye Mnara wa Dada za Uuguzi wa Jeshi la Australia la Augusta,<ref>{{cite web |title=Augusta Australian Army Nursing Sisters Monument |url=https://vwma.org.au/explore/memorials/2571 |website=vwma.org.au |accessdate=8 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://veteranssa.sa.gov.au/story/stories_radji_beach_nurses/|title=These are the stories of the Radji Beach nurses|website=Veterans SA|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-02-08}}</ref> Mnara wa Kumbukumbu wa Wafungwa wa Vita wa Zamani wa Australia huko Ballarat,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.powmemorialballarat.com.au/nurses.php|title=Nurses {{!}} Prisoner of War Memorial Ballarat|website=www.powmemorialballarat.com.au|access-date=2020-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218083019/http://www.powmemorialballarat.com.au/nurses.php|archive-date=18 February 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> na Mnara wa Kumbukumbu wa Wauguzi wa Jeshi la Australia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Military Nurses Memorial |url=https://vwma.org.au/explore/memorials/5436 |website=vwma.org.au |accessdate=8 February 2020}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1904]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] [[Jamii:wamisionari]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Australia]] ck1foaiuf82rs3jj8m9mamdlmrsatu6 0 256747 1613698 1613607 2026-11-05T13:01:59Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vally Amisi''', ambaye jina lake kamili ni Amisi Issa Vally, ni [[mjasiriamali]] na mtendaji wa michezo kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Akiwa na shughuli nyingi katika biashara na michezo, aliongoza Shirikisho la Netiboli la Kongo (FECONET) na aliwahi kuwa makamu wa rais wa klabu ya soka ya Nouvelle Vie Bomoko Binza FC. Alifariki Kinshasa mnamo Aprili 2026. == Wasifu == === Kazi ya Kitaalamu === Vally Amisi alikuwa mjasiriamali wa Kongo ambaye kwa kawaida alikuwa akiishi Afrika Kusini. Alihusika katika shughuli za biashara na za mikataba midogo. Aliorodheshwa kama mkuu wa kampuni ya Parilis Africa, ambayo pia huandikwa Parislis Africa. Pia inaripotiwa kuwa aliendesha kampuni iliyobobea katika kukodisha ndege za kibinafsi kwa wateja wa biashara na watu mashuhuri. Shughuli zake za kitaaluma zilimhitaji kusafiri kati ya Afrika Kusini na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. === Kushiriki katika Michezo === Vally Amisi alishiriki katika maendeleo ya mipango kadhaa ya michezo katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Alikuwa rais wa Shirikisho la Netiboli la Kongo (FECONET), shirika lililojitolea kukuza na kuunga mkono mchezo huu nchini. Pia aliwahi kuwa makamu wa rais wa Nouvelle Vie Bomoko Binza FC, klabu ya soka huko Kinshasa. Katika eneo la miundombinu ya michezo, alihusika katika ukarabati wa Stade des Martyrs huko Kinshasa, haswa kuhusu vyumba vya kubadilishia nguo na nyasi bandia. Mipango hii ilitajwa miongoni mwa michango yake kwa jamii ya michezo ya Kongo. Kujitolea kwake kulimfanya atambulike kutoka kwa maafisa wa michezo na watu mashuhuri wa umma. == Kifo == Vally Amisi alifariki Kinshasa usiku wa Aprili 9-10, 2026, alipokuwa katika safari ya kikazi katika mji mkuu wa Kongo. Mwili wake ulipatikana katika wilaya ya Gombe. Ripoti za awali kutoka kwa familia yake zilionyesha kuwa alitekwa nyara na kisha kupigwa risasi. Uchunguzi wa mahakama baadaye ulilenga uwezekano wa kitendo cha jinai kinachomhusisha mtu wa karibu naye. Wizara ya Sheria ilitangaza kufunguliwa kwa uchunguzi ili kubaini mazingira ya mauaji na kubaini waliohusika. Kifo chake kilisababisha hisia ndani ya duru za michezo na uchumi za Kongo. Waziri wa Michezo, Didier Budimbu, alimsifu, akisifu kujitolea kwake kwa maendeleo ya michezo ya kitaifa. == Salamu za Pongezi == Baada ya kutangazwa kwa kifo chake, watu wengi mashuhuri katika michezo ya Kongo na maafisa wa umma walitoa rambirambi zao kwa familia yake na wapendwa wake. Klabu ya Nouvelle Vie Bomoko FC na mamlaka ya michezo ya Kinshasa pia walitambua mchango wake katika shughuli zao. [[Jamii:wanamichezo wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] so6ipkyfk2x8v3epvlm47ink8f0308c 0 256748 1613699 1613608 2026-11-05T13:02:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613699 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Olle Hilding''', aliyezaliwa kwa jina la Hilding Olof Johansson ([[19 Julai]] [[1898]] – [[9 Novemba]] [[1983]]), alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alishiriki katika filamu kati ya mwaka 1923 na 1982<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/sv/item/?type=PERSON&itemid=58295</ref>. == Wasifu == Hilding Olof Johansson alizaliwa na kufariki katika Parokia ya Katarina, jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Kuanzia mwaka 1920 hadi 1923, alisafiri katika maeneo mbalimbali ya nchi hiyo akiwa na kikundi cha maigizo cha Oscar Winge (1884–1951). Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji wa filamu chini ya mwongozaji Victor Sjöström (1879–1960), katika filamu ya Vem doer ya mwaka 1922<ref>https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=10627</ref>. Katika sehemu kubwa ya miaka ya 1930, Hilding alimsaidia mwandishi Erik Lindorm (1889–1941) kuandaa vitabu vyake vya kumbukumbu, ambavyo vingi vilihusu watu na matukio ya kihistoria. Mwaka 1940, alirejea katika shughuli za uigizaji wa jukwaani. Mwaka 1934, alimuoa mwigizaji Olga Appellöf (1898–1989). Mwaka 1973, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award). == Orodha ya baadhi ya filamu alizoigiza == * 1923 – Johan Ulfstjerna — Mshiriki wa njama (hakutajwa rasmi kwenye orodha ya waigizaji). * 1929 – Artificial Svensson — Askari (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1930 – Ulla, My Ulla — Mhudumu wa mahakama (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1930 – Cavaliers of the Crown — Tapeli (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1931 – Ship Ahoy! — Mhudumu (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1932 – Landskamp — Mjumbe wa kamati ya tuzo (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1933 – Wife for a Day — Benjamin. * 1934 – Fired — Aron Jacobsky (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1937 – Adolf Strongarm — Henriksson / Henrik Mjölnare. * 1938 – Good Friends and Faithful Neighbours — Emil Norling. * 1939 – Då länkarna smiddes — Forsman. * 1939 – Mot nya tider — Mchezaji wa mchezo wa bao la chess (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1939 – Emilie Högquist — Mgeni wa chakula cha jioni (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1940 – Heroes in Yellow and Blue — Karani wa mahakama (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1941 – Landstormens lilla argbigga — Askari wa kawaida (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1941 – Dunungen — Ehinger. * 1942 – Dangerous Ways — Mfanyakazi mwenza wa Prant (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1942 – Adventurer — Padre Josef. * 1943 – The Word — Brandeus. * 1943 – Kajan går till sjöss — Polisi (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1944 – Excellensen — Mzee Myahudi. * 1944 – Live Dangerously — Olof. * 1944 – My People Are Not Yours — Msimamizi wa nyumba. * 1944 – Som folk är mest — Mkuu wa ghala (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1945 – Wandering with the Moon — Baba yake Dan (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1946 – Försök inte med mej..! — Padre (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1946 – Brita in the Merchant's House — Olsson. * 1946 – Åsa-Hanna — Efraim. * 1946 – Kristin Commands — Mwanamume katika mnada (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1946 – Det glada kalaset — Wakili. * 1946 – Harald the Stalwart — Baba yake Harald. * 1947 – Livet i Finnskogarna — Baba wa msichana mjamzito (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1947 – The Key and the Ring — Falk. * 1947 – Här kommer vi... — Mkurugenzi wa ukumbi wa maigizo (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1948 – Sin — Mwanabenki. * 1950 – The Quartet That Split Up — Thun (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1953 – Barabbas — Mfinyanzi mzee jijini Yerusalemu (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1953 – The Shadow — Berggren. * 1953 – Marianne — Erik Ekman. * 1953 – No Man's Woman — Henriksson, baba yake Judith (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1954 – Café Lunchrasten — Mhariri (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1954 – Seger i mörker — Bergquist. * 1954 – Simon the Sinner — Muumini. * 1955 – Getting Married — Mfanyakazi wa shambani (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1956 – Ratataa eller The Staffan Stolle Story — Salamander, mfanyabiashara wa vitu vya kale (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1957 – Synnöve Solbakken — Padre (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1957 – Värmlänningarna — Jan Hansson. * 1958 – Fridolf Stands Up! — Nilsson. * 1959 – Fly mej en greve — Mpiga fidla (hakutajwa rasmi). * 1959 – Fridolfs farliga ålder — Nilsson. * 1966 – Ön — Persson. * 1972 – The Man Who Quit Smoking — Sjöström, wakili. * 1974 – En enkel melodi. * 1976 – Långt borta och nära — Mzee anayefanya ishara kwa mikono. * 1982 – Fanny and Alexander — Padre mzee katika nyumba ya familia ya Ekdahl. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1898]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1983]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] ewdkiwob6zjc90kz3j9poinsfupeohn 0 256770 1613700 1613630 2026-11-05T13:03:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613700 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pehr Hilleström''' ([[18 Novemba]] [[1732]] – [[13 Agosti]] [[1816]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Aliwahi kuwa [[profesa]] na [[mkurugenzi]] wa Chuo cha Kifalme cha [[Sanaa]] cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Arts)<ref>https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=13600</ref>. == Wasifu == Hilleström alizaliwa katika kisiwa cha Väddö, kilichopo katika eneo la Roslagen, nchini Uswidi. Mjomba wake alikuwa kasisi katika eneo hilo. Alikuwa mtoto wa kwanza kati ya watoto 12 katika familia yao. Mwanzoni, alijifunza sanaa chini ya msanii wa uchoraji wa mandhari, Johan Philip Korn (1727–1796). Baadaye, alipata mafunzo katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Sanaa Nzuri cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts), chini ya msanii Guillaume Taraval (1701–1750) na mbunifu wa majengo Jean Eric Rehn (1717–1793). Kati ya mwaka 1757 na 1758, Hilleström alifanya safari ya kielimu nje ya nchi. Alitembelea [[Paris]], Ubelgiji na Uholanzi. Akiwa huko, aliongeza ujuzi wake katika mbinu za kutengeneza vitambaa vya mapambo vinavyofumwa kwa mikono (tapestry) na hatimaye kuwa fundi stadi wa kazi hiyo. Kuanzia mwaka 1759, aliendesha karakana ya kufuma vitambaa jijini [[Stockholm]]. Mwaka 1773, aliteuliwa kuwa mjumbe wa bodi ya Chuo cha Kifalme cha Sanaa cha Uswidi. Mwaka 1794, chuo hicho kilimteua kuwa profesa wa kuchora. Mwaka 1805, alipata nafasi ya makamu mkuu wa chuo hicho, na mwaka 1810 alimrithi Louis Masreliez (1748–1810) katika nafasi ya mkurugenzi<ref>https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/sv/artists/artist/7375/</ref>. == Mtindo wa sanaa == Hilleström alichora takribani picha 30 za watu mbalimbali. Pia alitengeneza picha nyingi zilizoonyesha mazingira na maisha ya watu wa kipindi chake. Alijulikana kwa uchoraji wa picha za matukio ya maisha ya kila siku (genre paintings), akionyesha watu wakifanya shughuli zao za kawaida ndani ya nyumba za familia za tabaka la juu na la kati jijini Stockholm. Alionyesha mavazi na samani kwa usahihi kulingana na jinsi zilivyokuwa wakati huo. Kwa sababu hiyo, kazi zake ni chanzo muhimu cha taarifa kuhusu maisha ya watu katika kipindi hicho. Mbali na hayo, alichora mafundi wakiwa kazini katika viwanda vya kusaga na maeneo mengine ya mwanzo ya uzalishaji viwandani. Katika miaka ya baadaye, alianza pia kuchora picha za matukio ya kihistoria na mada za kidini. == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 1759, Hilleström alimuoa Ulrica Lode (1737–1779). Alikuwa baba wa msanii Carl Petter Hilleström (1760–1812). Miongoni mwa wazao wake alikuwa Gustaf Hilleström (1911–1994), mwandishi na msimamizi wa makumbusho. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1732]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1816]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] 5q1cuswbvc07kzbko431poi1j44784d 0 256771 1613701 1613631 2026-11-05T13:04:00Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613701 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abraham Hirsch''' ([[Stockholm]], 16 Agosti [[1815]] - Stockholm, 23 Februari [[1900]]) alikuwa mchapishaji wa [[muziki]], [[mwanasiasa]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuanzishwa kwa Jumuiya ya Muziki wa Kitaaluma ya Uswidi (Swedish Art Music Society) mwaka 1859. Kuanzia mwaka 1869 hadi 1876, alihudumu kama afisa mkuu wa fedha katika gazeti la Aftonbladet. Pia alihudumu kwa miaka mingi kama diwani wa jiji la Stockholm. Katika shughuli zake za uchapishaji wa muziki, alichapisha kazi za watunzi kadhaa mashuhuri wa Uswidi, wakiwemo Isidor Dannström, Ivar Hallström, Jacob Axel Josephson, Adolf Fredrik Lindblad, August Söderman, Emil Sjögren na Gunnar Wennerberg. Alikuwa [[baba]] wa mchoraji Hanna Hirsch-Pauli<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20111227012702/http://www.bonnier.com/en/content/board-directors</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1815]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1900]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Uswidi]] 1ifnsng3ft9bqvpgr2zc6kty7g5a027 0 256772 1613703 1613636 2026-11-05T13:05:17Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613703 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adele Bazizane Maheshe''' (alizaliwa [[Goma]], 6 Agosti 1982) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa kitaifa wa [[Wilaya ya Nyiragongo|Nyiragongo]] ( [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]] ) chini ya lebo ya UDPS-Tshisekedi, alikuwa waziri wa [[Malezi|elimu]], jinsia, [[Ujana|vijana]], [[familia]] na [[Mtoto|watoto]] wa Kivu Kaskazini, kisha mwandishi wa habari wa Bunge la Mkoa.<ref name="Talatala-1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Talatala|title=Adèle Bazizane Maheshe|url=http://talatala.cd/deputes/868/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> <ref name="B.A.W.-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=B.A.W.|title=PPRD: démissionnaire, Adèle Bazizane, ancienne secrétaire exécutive adjointe au Nord-Kivu se réjouit – Congo Indépendant|url=https://www.congoindependant.com/pprd-demissionnaire-adele-bazizane-ancienne-secretaire-executive-adjointe-au-nord-kivu-se-rejouit/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> == Wasifu == Alizaliwa Agosti 6, 1982 huko Goma, alijiunga na PPRD ( Chama cha Watu cha Ujenzi Mpya na Demokrasia ) mwaka wa 2004 na akawa naibu katibu mtendaji wa chama hicho huko Kivu Kaskazini. Mnamo Juni 23, 2023, aliwasilisha kujiuzulu kwake kwa katibu wa kudumu wa chama na akaitangaza hadharani mnamo Julai 5, 2023, akielezea kwamba alikuwa akijibu matakwa ya kambi yake ya uchaguzi, ambayo ilitaka awe mgombea katika uchaguzi wa kitaifa wa wabunge.<ref name="Talatala-1" /> <ref name="B.A.W.-1" /> == Kazi ya kisiasa == Alikuwa waziri wa mkoa wa elimu, jinsia, vijana, familia na watoto katika serikali ya mkoa mnamo 2009 kwa amri ya Gavana [[Julien Paluku Kahongya]] mnamo Oktoba 20, 2009 kwa miaka kadhaa (takriban miaka 12 katika serikali za mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini hadi mwisho wa majukumu yake ya uwaziri).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |title=RD Congo/Nord Kivu : Julien Paluku remanie son gouvernement - Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congonord-kivu-julien-paluku-remanie-son-gouvernement |journal=ReliefWeb |language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260127164646/https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congonord-kivu-julien-paluku-remanie-son-gouvernement |archive-date=2026-01-27 |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref> <ref name="B.A.W.-1" /> Alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa mkoa wa Nyiragongo, alichaguliwa kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa ofisi ya Bunge la Mkoa mnamo Mei 14, 2019 chini ya lebo ya PPRD, [[mwanamke]] pekee katika kinyang'anyiro cha ofisi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Nord-Kivu : Le bureau de l’Assemblée provinciale affiche complet, l'opposition s’en sort avec trois postes|url=https://actualite.cd/2019/05/14/nord-kivu-le-bureau-de-lassemblee-provinciale-affiche-complet-lopposition-sen-sort-avec|date=2019-05-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2022, amri kutoka kwa gavana wa kijeshi wa Kivu Kaskazini, Constant Ndima Kangba, ilimteua naibu mkurugenzi wake wa DGRNK (Kurugenzi Kuu ya Mapato ya Kivu Kaskazini), kuwa msimamizi wa masuala ya utawala, na mamlaka yake kama naibu wa mkoa ilisitishwa kufuatia hali ya kuzingirwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=Laicsdanslemonde|title=Nord-Kivu : Adèle Bazizane nommée directrice adjointe de la DGRNK|url=https://laicdanslemonde.net/nord-kivu-adele-bazizane-nommee-directrice-adjointe-de-la-dgrnk/|date=2022-03-11|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Wakati wa uchaguzi wa Desemba 20, 2023, alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa kitaifa wa eneo la Nyiragongo kwa UDPS-Tshisekedi ( [[Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social|Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Kijamii]] ). Jina lake linaonekana katika orodha ya maafisa waliochaguliwa kutoka Kivu Kaskazini iliyochapishwa na CENI ( Tume Huru ya Kitaifa ya Uchaguzi (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ) mnamo Januari 12, 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=RDC : voici la liste totale des députés nationaux élus dans la province du Nord-Kivu|url=https://lepotentiel.cd/2024/01/14/rdc-voici-la-liste-totale-des-deputes-nationaux-elus-dans-la-province-du-nord-kivu/|date=2024-01-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Yeye ni miongoni mwa wanawake waliochaguliwa katika Bunge la Kitaifa kwa ajili ya bunge la 4 (kuitwa kwa majina ya maafisa waliochaguliwa Januari 29, 2024) na muhula wake unaanza Februari 12, 2024 <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=RDC - Assemblée Nationale : Voici les 61 femmes élues députées|url=https://7sur7.cd/2024/01/30/rdc-assemblee-nationale-voici-les-61-femmes-elues-deputees|date=2024-01-30|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> ' <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Élections : qui sont les 65 femmes élues aux législatives nationales ?|url=https://actualite.cd/2024/01/16/elections-qui-sont-les-65-femmes-elues-aux-legislatives-nationales|date=2024-01-16|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> '.<ref name="Talatala-1" /> == Shughuli za Bunge == Mnamo Aprili 2025, alituma barua kwa Waziri Mkuu Judith Suminwa akiomba serikali igharamie gharama za ushiriki katika TENASOSP na EXETAT ( Mtihani wa Kitaifa ) kwa wanafunzi huko Kivu Kaskazini na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]], haswa katika maeneo yanayokaliwa na M23-AFC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=TENASOSP et Exetat au Nord et Sud Kivu : Une députée demande au gouvernement de prendre en charge les frais de participation|url=https://7sur7.cd/2025/04/18/tenasosp-et-exetat-au-nord-et-sud-kivu-une-deputee-demande-au-gouvernement-de-prendre-en|date=2025-04-18|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Serikali kisha ikakubali kufidia gharama hizi kwa waliofika fainali kutoka majimbo yote mawili; anasema waziri mkuu alimhakikishia binafsi kuhusu hili.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2025-04-29 |title=Exetats 2025 : les frais de participation des finalistes du Nord et Sud-Kivu seront payés par le gouvernement suite au plaidoyer de Bazizane |url=https://lesvolcansnews.net/2025/04/29/exetats-2025-les-frais-de-participation-des-finalistes-du-nord-et-sud-kivu-seront-payes-par-le-gouvernement-suite-au-plaidoyer-de-bazizane-2/ |journal=LES VOLCANS NEWS |language=fr-FR |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251007023318/https://lesvolcansnews.net/2025/04/29/exetats-2025-les-frais-de-participation-des-finalistes-du-nord-et-sud-kivu-seront-payes-par-le-gouvernement-suite-au-plaidoyer-de-bazizane-2/ |archive-date=2025-10-07 |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2025, alitoa wito wa kuongezeka kwa usimamizi wa bunge wa mawaziri kuhusu hali ilivyo mashariki mwa nchi na kukemea "uchovu" ndani ya ofisi ya bunge la kitaifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=Aggée|last=Chuga|title=L’essentiel de l’info du 14/05/2025|url=https://pourelle.info/lessentiel-de-linfo-du-14-05-2025/|date=2025-05-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2026, aliwasilisha maswali mawili yaliyoandikwa (Machi 10). : moja kwa Waziri wa Masuala ya Ardhi O'Neige N'Sele kuhusu uingizwaji wa kidijitali wa sajili ya ardhi na upatikanaji wa hati miliki za ardhi, lingine kwa Waziri wa Vijana Grâce Kutino kuhusu usimamizi na uwezekano wa kuajiriwa kwa vijana. Mnamo Machi 16, alianzisha swali la mdomo lenye mjadala kwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Majimaji [[Aimé Sakombi Molendo]] kuhusu ufadhili wa mitambo mipya ya umeme wa maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Talatala|title=Adèle Bazizane Maheshe|url=http://talatala.cd/deputes/868/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mwandishi wa swali hili la mdomo kuhusu upatikanaji wa umeme, anaalikwa kulijadili katika programu iliyowasilishwa na AllAfrica (Oktoba 7, 2026).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-10-07 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Dégradation de la desserte en électricité dans le pays |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202610070352.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t450txooups89m45lteculv801uopp6 1613756 1613703 2026-11-05T13:56:20Z Score Beethoven 26647 1613756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Adèle Bazizane Maheshe | office = Mbunge wa kitaifa wa Nyiragongo | term_start = 12 Februari 2024 | office2 = Naibu mkurugenzi wa DGRNK | term_start2 = Machi 2022 | appointer2 = Constant Ndima Kangba | office3 = Mwandishi wa Bunge la Mkoa | term_start3 = 14 Mei 2019 | office4 = Waziri wa mkoa wa elimu | term_start4 = 20 Oktoba 2009 | appointer4 = [[Julien Paluku Kahongya]] | birth_date = 6 Agosti 1982 | birth_place = [[Goma]], JKK | nationality = Mkongo | party = UDPS (kuanzia 2023) | otherparty = PPRD (2004–2023) | occupation = Mwanasiasa }} '''Adèle Bazizane Maheshe''' (alizaliwa 6 Agosti 1982 huko [[Goma]]) ni mwanasiasa wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Ni mbunge wa kitaifa wa [[Wilaya ya Nyiragongo|Nyiragongo]], katika [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|Kivu Kaskazini]]. Alichaguliwa kupitia chama cha UDPS-Tshisekedi. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa waziri wa mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini. Alishughulikia [[Malezi|elimu]], jinsia, [[Ujana|vijana]], [[familia]] na [[Mtoto|watoto]]. Baadaye alikuwa mwandishi wa Bunge la Mkoa. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === Alizaliwa Agosti 6, 1982 huko Goma, alijiunga na PPRD ( Chama cha Watu cha Ujenzi Mpya na Demokrasia ) mwaka wa 2004 na akawa naibu katibu mtendaji wa chama hicho huko Kivu Kaskazini. Mnamo Juni 23, 2023, aliwasilisha kujiuzulu kwake kwa katibu wa kudumu wa chama na akaitangaza hadharani mnamo Julai 5, 2023, akielezea kwamba alikuwa akijibu matakwa ya kambi yake ya uchaguzi, ambayo ilitaka awe mgombea katika uchaguzi wa kitaifa wa wabunge.<ref name="Talatala-1">{{Rejea tovuti|website=Talatala|title=Adèle Bazizane Maheshe|url=http://talatala.cd/deputes/868/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref><ref name="B.A.W.-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=B.A.W.|title=PPRD: démissionnaire, Adèle Bazizane, ancienne secrétaire exécutive adjointe au Nord-Kivu se réjouit – Congo Indépendant|url=https://www.congoindependant.com/pprd-demissionnaire-adele-bazizane-ancienne-secretaire-executive-adjointe-au-nord-kivu-se-rejouit/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> === Kazi === ==== Serikali na Bunge la Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini ==== Alikuwa waziri wa mkoa wa elimu, jinsia, vijana, familia na watoto katika serikali ya mkoa mnamo 2009 kwa amri ya Gavana [[Julien Paluku Kahongya]] mnamo Oktoba 20, 2009 kwa miaka kadhaa (takriban miaka 12 katika serikali za mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini hadi mwisho wa majukumu yake ya uwaziri).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |title=RD Congo/Nord Kivu : Julien Paluku remanie son gouvernement - Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congonord-kivu-julien-paluku-remanie-son-gouvernement |journal=ReliefWeb |language=en |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260127164646/https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/rd-congonord-kivu-julien-paluku-remanie-son-gouvernement |archive-date=2026-01-27 |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref><ref name="B.A.W.-1" /> Alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa mkoa wa Nyiragongo, alichaguliwa kuwa mwandishi wa habari wa ofisi ya Bunge la Mkoa mnamo Mei 14, 2019 chini ya lebo ya PPRD, [[mwanamke]] pekee katika kinyang'anyiro cha ofisi hiyo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Nord-Kivu : Le bureau de l’Assemblée provinciale affiche complet, l'opposition s’en sort avec trois postes|url=https://actualite.cd/2019/05/14/nord-kivu-le-bureau-de-lassemblee-provinciale-affiche-complet-lopposition-sen-sort-avec|date=2019-05-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2022, amri kutoka kwa gavana wa kijeshi wa Kivu Kaskazini, Constant Ndima Kangba, ilimteua naibu mkurugenzi wake wa DGRNK (Kurugenzi Kuu ya Mapato ya Kivu Kaskazini), kuwa msimamizi wa masuala ya utawala, na mamlaka yake kama naibu wa mkoa ilisitishwa kufuatia hali ya kuzingirwa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=Laicsdanslemonde|title=Nord-Kivu : Adèle Bazizane nommée directrice adjointe de la DGRNK|url=https://laicdanslemonde.net/nord-kivu-adele-bazizane-nommee-directrice-adjointe-de-la-dgrnk/|date=2022-03-11|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> ==== Mbunge wa kitaifa ==== Wakati wa uchaguzi wa Desemba 20, 2023, alichaguliwa kuwa naibu wa kitaifa wa eneo la Nyiragongo kwa UDPS-Tshisekedi ( [[Union pour la démocratie et le progrès social|Muungano wa Demokrasia na Maendeleo ya Kijamii]] ). Jina lake linaonekana katika orodha ya maafisa waliochaguliwa kutoka Kivu Kaskazini iliyochapishwa na CENI ( Tume Huru ya Kitaifa ya Uchaguzi (Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo ) mnamo Januari 12, 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=RDC : voici la liste totale des députés nationaux élus dans la province du Nord-Kivu|url=https://lepotentiel.cd/2024/01/14/rdc-voici-la-liste-totale-des-deputes-nationaux-elus-dans-la-province-du-nord-kivu/|date=2024-01-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Yeye ni miongoni mwa wanawake waliochaguliwa katika Bunge la Kitaifa kwa ajili ya bunge la 4 (kuitwa kwa majina ya maafisa waliochaguliwa Januari 29, 2024) na muhula wake unaanza Februari 12, 2024.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=RDC - Assemblée Nationale : Voici les 61 femmes élues députées|url=https://7sur7.cd/2024/01/30/rdc-assemblee-nationale-voici-les-61-femmes-elues-deputees|date=2024-01-30|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=Élections : qui sont les 65 femmes élues aux législatives nationales ?|url=https://actualite.cd/2024/01/16/elections-qui-sont-les-65-femmes-elues-aux-legislatives-nationales|date=2024-01-16|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref><ref name="Talatala-1" />Mnamo Aprili 2025, alituma barua kwa Waziri Mkuu Judith Suminwa akiomba serikali igharamie gharama za ushiriki katika TENASOSP na EXETAT ( Mtihani wa Kitaifa ) kwa wanafunzi huko Kivu Kaskazini na [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kusini|Kivu Kusini]], haswa katika maeneo yanayokaliwa na M23-AFC.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|title=TENASOSP et Exetat au Nord et Sud Kivu : Une députée demande au gouvernement de prendre en charge les frais de participation|url=https://7sur7.cd/2025/04/18/tenasosp-et-exetat-au-nord-et-sud-kivu-une-deputee-demande-au-gouvernement-de-prendre-en|date=2025-04-18|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Serikali kisha ikakubali kufidia gharama hizi kwa waliofika fainali kutoka majimbo yote mawili; anasema waziri mkuu alimhakikishia binafsi kuhusu hili.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2025-04-29 |title=Exetats 2025 : les frais de participation des finalistes du Nord et Sud-Kivu seront payés par le gouvernement suite au plaidoyer de Bazizane |url=https://lesvolcansnews.net/2025/04/29/exetats-2025-les-frais-de-participation-des-finalistes-du-nord-et-sud-kivu-seront-payes-par-le-gouvernement-suite-au-plaidoyer-de-bazizane-2/ |journal=LES VOLCANS NEWS |language=fr-FR |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251007023318/https://lesvolcansnews.net/2025/04/29/exetats-2025-les-frais-de-participation-des-finalistes-du-nord-et-sud-kivu-seront-payes-par-le-gouvernement-suite-au-plaidoyer-de-bazizane-2/ |archive-date=2025-10-07 |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Mei 2025, alitoa wito wa kuongezeka kwa usimamizi wa bunge wa mawaziri kuhusu hali ilivyo mashariki mwa nchi na kukemea "uchovu" ndani ya ofisi ya bunge la kitaifa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=Aggée|last=Chuga|title=L’essentiel de l’info du 14/05/2025|url=https://pourelle.info/lessentiel-de-linfo-du-14-05-2025/|date=2025-05-14|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mnamo Machi 2026, aliwasilisha maswali mawili yaliyoandikwa (Machi 10). : moja kwa Waziri wa Masuala ya Ardhi O'Neige N'Sele kuhusu uingizwaji wa kidijitali wa sajili ya ardhi na upatikanaji wa hati miliki za ardhi, lingine kwa Waziri wa Vijana Grâce Kutino kuhusu usimamizi na uwezekano wa kuajiriwa kwa vijana. Mnamo Machi 16, alianzisha swali la mdomo lenye mjadala kwa Waziri wa Rasilimali za Majimaji [[Aimé Sakombi Molendo]] kuhusu ufadhili wa mitambo mipya ya umeme wa maji.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Talatala|title=Adèle Bazizane Maheshe|url=http://talatala.cd/deputes/868/|accessdate=2026-11-05}}</ref> Mwandishi wa swali hili la mdomo kuhusu upatikanaji wa umeme, anaalikwa kulijadili katika programu iliyowasilishwa na AllAfrica (Oktoba 7, 2026).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-10-07 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Dégradation de la desserte en électricité dans le pays |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202610070352.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-05}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bazizane Maheshe, Adèle}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gw2z0uocht5kjzxte3gufkdtn54vly6 0 256773 1613705 1613634 2026-11-05T13:05:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613705 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Märtha Gahn.jpg|thumb|Märtha Fredrique Gahn]] '''Märtha Fredrique Gahn''' (Fellingsbro, 30 Septemba [[1881]] – 17 Oktoba [[1973]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Uswidi]] aliyebobea katika [[sanaa]] ya utengenezaji na usanifu wa [[nguo]]. Pamoja na Elsa Flensburg, Bror Geijer Göthe na Märtha Hjortzberg-Reuterswärd, alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa karakana ya nguo ya Ateljé Handtryck, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1915. Mwaka 1935, aliteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa studio ya Libraria, iliyotengeneza nguo na vitambaa vya matumizi ya kidini kwa [[Kanisa]] la Uswidi (Church of Sweden)<ref>https://emp-web-35.zetcom.ch/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=25676&viewType=detailView</ref>. Kazi za Gahn zinapatikana katika mikusanyo ya Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum), [[Makumbusho]] ya Röhsska (Röhsska Museum) na Makumbusho ya Nordic (Nordic Museum). Picha yake ya kuchorwa na Greta Fahlcrantz inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle)<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=Ei7qAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1881]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1973]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] symbik04tef9wo98udocitanqhjyhjc 0 256774 1613706 1613637 2026-11-05T13:06:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613706 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Loa Falkman July 20, 2014.jpg|thumb|Falkman in 2014]] '''Carl Johan "Loa" Falkman''' (amezaliwa [[24 Julai]] [[1947]])<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=BeTBnjmnypEC&pg=PA190&dq=%22Falkman,Carl-Johan%22&redir_esc=y#PPA190,M1</ref> ni [[mwimbaji]] wa opera, [[mwigizaji]] na [[msanii]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 2003, aliteuliwa na Mfalme wa Uswidi, Carl XVI Gustaf, kuwa mwimbaji wa kifalme (hovsångare), cheo cha heshima kinachotolewa kwa waimbaji mashuhuri nchini humo. Baada ya kusomea [[muziki]], Falkman alifanya onyesho lake kubwa la kwanza katika Jumba la Opera la Kifalme la Uswidi (Royal Swedish Opera) mwaka 1973<ref>https://www.kungahuset.se/royalcourt</ref>. Katika shindano la Melodifestivalen 1990, ambalo ni mashindano ya kuchagua mwakilishi wa Uswidi katika Shindano la Wimbo wa Eurovision (Eurovision Song Contest), Falkman alishika nafasi ya mwisho kwa wimbo wake wa "Symfonin" (Simfoni). Mara nyingi huigiza wahusika wenye majivuno na tabia mbaya, kama vile Wall-Enberg katika filamu ya Lilla Jönssonligan, Tillström katika Newsmakers na mmiliki wa kiwanda Persson katika Kronjuvelerna. == Filamu alizoigiza == * 2011 – Kronjuvelerna * 2009 – Newsmakers * 2006 – Lilla Jönssonligan & stjärnkuppen * 2006 – 7 miljonärer * 2004 – ABBA: Our Last Video Ever * 2004 – Lilla Jönssonligan på kollo * 1999 – Dödsklockan * 1997 – Lilla Jönssonligan på styva linan * 1996 – Lilla Jönssonligan och cornflakeskuppen * 1995 – Like It Never Was Before * 1991 – T. Sventon och fallet Isabella * 1986 – Bröderna Mozart * 1984 – Åke och hans värld == Vipindi vya televisheni == * 2008 – Om ett hjärta * 2007 – Ett gott parti * 2006 – Nisse Hults historiska snedsteg * 2005 – Kommissionen * 2002 – Cleo * 2002 – Talismanen * 2001 – Fru Marianne * 1996 – Percy Tårar * 1991 – Facklorna == Uigizaji wa sauti == * 2004 – Kogänget * 2002 – Ice Age == Opera == * 2024 – Fanny and Alexander * 2010 – Don Giovanni * 1988 – Askungen * 1985 – Maskeradbalen * 1980 – Arresten på Bohus * 1973 – Tintomara == Orodha ya albamu na nyimbo == * Symfonin (1990) * Julstämning (1990) * Loa On Broadway (1995) * Stockholmskantat (1999) * Strangers In The Night (2001) * Kom i min famn – Loa Falkman sjunger Evert Taube (2012) * Jul (2013) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1947]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] sasuodq328ojrn4oskl5pl0j8xsk3zk 0 256776 1613707 1613644 2026-11-05T13:07:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613707 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Georges Kapiamba''' ni mwanasheria na mtetezi wa [[haki za binadamu]] wa [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Yeye ni rais wa kitaifa wa Chama cha Upatikanaji wa Haki cha Kongo (ACAJ), shirika la kiraia lililojitolea kukuza utawala wa sheria, upatikanaji wa haki, na utetezi wa haki za msingi. Akiwa akifanya kazi kwa miongo kadhaa katika harakati za asasi za kiraia za Kongo, amejulikana kwa kuingilia kati kwake umma katika utendaji kazi wa taasisi za mahakama, mapambano dhidi ya kutokujali, na utawala wa maliasili. == Wasifu == === Elimu na Kazi === Georges Kapiamba ni wakili aliyelazwa katika Baraza la Wanasheria la Lubumbashi. Amefanya kazi ya sheria kwa zaidi ya miaka ishirini na alianza kujihusisha na asasi za kiraia akiwa bado mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu. Kujitolea Kutetea Haki za Binadamu Kabla ya kuongoza Chama cha Upatikanaji wa Haki cha Kongo (ACAJ), Georges Kapiamba alikuwa akifanya kazi katika Chama cha Afrika cha Utetezi wa Haki za Binadamu (ASADHO), haswa katika tawi lake la Katanga. Alihusika katika kesi zinazohusiana na ukiukwaji wa haki za binadamu, ulinzi wa waathiriwa, na mapambano dhidi ya kutokujali. Mnamo Aprili 2008, alipokea vitisho vya kifo kufuatia matamshi yake ya umma kuhusu kesi ya Kilwa, ambapo mashirika ya haki za binadamu yalikemea vikwazo vilivyowekwa kwa kazi yao na waathiriwa wa kiraia. Hali hii ilisababisha kuingilia kati kutoka kwa Amnesty International, Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Haki za Binadamu (FIDH), na Shirika la Dunia Dhidi ya Mateso (OMCT). Rais wa Chama cha Kongo cha Upatikanaji wa Haki Georges Kapiamba ni rais wa kitaifa wa Chama cha Kongo cha Upatikanaji wa Haki (ACAJ), shirika lisilo la kiserikali la Kongo linalofanya kazi ya kukuza upatikanaji wa haki na kutetea haki za raia. Akiwa mkuu wa shirika hili, anashughulikia masuala kadhaa yanayohusiana na utawala wa umma, uhuru wa mahakama, mapambano dhidi ya rushwa, na ulinzi wa uhuru wa msingi. ACAJ imechukua misimamo muhimu kuhusu masuala yanayohusu usimamizi wa maliasili, hali ya magereza, utendaji kazi wa taasisi za mahakama, na mapambano dhidi ya kutokujali. Mnamo Februari 2023, Georges Kapiamba alitembelea Baraza la Ushauri la Umoja wa Afrika dhidi ya Rushwa ili kujadili jukumu la mashirika ya kiraia katika kuzuia na kupambana na rushwa. Mnamo Machi 2026, aliteua wanachama wapya katika Kamati ya Uendeshaji ya ACAJ pamoja na wakuu wa ofisi zake za uwakilishi wa mikoa na kimataifa. === Kuonekana kwa Umma === Georges Kapiamba huonekana mara kwa mara katika vyombo vya habari vya Kongo na kimataifa kuhusu masuala yanayohusiana na haki na utawala. Mnamo Juni 2017, alitoa mahojiano na jarida la Kifaransa Le Point, ambapo alijadili hali ya kisiasa na kitaasisi katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, ikiwa ni pamoja na mazungumzo kati ya walio wengi na upinzani na heshima ya Katiba. Mnamo Desemba 2021, alizungumzia kuhusu mapambano dhidi ya ufisadi wakati wa matangazo ya Radio Okapi. Alisisitiza umuhimu wa kuongeza uelewa wa umma na kuimarisha mifumo ya utekelezaji wa sheria. Mnamo Mei 2022, pia alishiriki katika majadiliano ya asasi za kiraia kuhusu makubaliano yaliyofikiwa kati ya serikali ya Kongo na kundi la Ventora, hasa kuhusu kurejeshwa kwa mali fulani za madini na mafuta. Ushiriki wake ulisababisha matamshi na mijadala ya umma ndani ya asasi za kiraia. Mnamo Oktoba 2024, aliporudi Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo baada ya kukaa nje ya nchi kwa sababu za kibinadamu, alitoa mahojiano na Radio Okapi kuhusu mageuzi ya mahakama, msongamano wa magereza, na utendaji kazi wa mfumo wa mahakama. [[Jamii:wanasheria wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] gp0nlhdaxi5ag06va01rrg9msdgyrvv 0 256777 1614002 1613645 2026-11-05T20:23:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614002 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Habiba Zehi Ben Romdhane''' ni mtaalamu wa [[afya]] kutoka [[Tunisia]]. Aliwahi kuwa waziri wa afya wa [[Tunisia]]. Alianza kushika wadhifa huo katika serikali ya mpito ya Tunisia iliyoanza Januari 28, 2011, baada ya maandamano kuiondoa madarakani serikali ya kimabavu iliyokuwa imetawala kwa muda mrefu.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/108474690/AFP| title = Photo of Habiba Zehi Ben Romdhane plus caption| last1 = Belaid| first1 = Fethi| last2 = AFP staff| date = 30 January 2011| publisher = [[Agence France-Presse]], [[Getty Images]]| access-date = 28 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Mme Habiba Ezzahi Ben Romdhane, ministre de la Santé publique |url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/3852-mme-habiba-ezzahi-ben-romdhane-ministre-de-la-sante-publique |website=leaders}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tunisia]] s6h2cym0jcru00abmzk5ci6tz7u0ztj 0 256778 1613646 2026-11-05T12:08:10Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Greta Amalia Fahlcrantz Lindberg''' ([[Stockholm]], [[3 Aprili]] [[1889]] – Stockholm, [[13 Machi]] [[1978]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa [[mwigizaji]] Herman Grip na Ada Fallstedt. Alisomea sanaa chini ya Carl Wilhelmson. Mwaka 1912, aliolewa na mwanasheria Hugo Fahlcrantz. [[Ndoa]] yao ilivunjika mwaka 1919, mwaka huohuo alipoanza kusoma sanaa chini ya André Lhote. Mwaka 1921, aliolewa na...' 1613646 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Greta Amalia Fahlcrantz Lindberg''' ([[Stockholm]], [[3 Aprili]] [[1889]] – Stockholm, [[13 Machi]] [[1978]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa [[mwigizaji]] Herman Grip na Ada Fallstedt. Alisomea sanaa chini ya Carl Wilhelmson. Mwaka 1912, aliolewa na mwanasheria Hugo Fahlcrantz. [[Ndoa]] yao ilivunjika mwaka 1919, mwaka huohuo alipoanza kusoma sanaa chini ya André Lhote. Mwaka 1921, aliolewa na mwandishi wa habari Helge Lindberg, ambaye alizaa naye watoto watatu. Aliishi katika miji ya Uppsala na Gothenburg, ambako alifanya kazi ya ualimu sambamba na shughuli zake za kisanii. Baadaye alihamia tena Stockholm<ref>https://www.signaturer.se/Sverige/GretaFahlcrantz.htm</ref><ref>https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/sv/artists/artist/5108/</ref>. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Fahlcrantz alijishughulisha zaidi na uchoraji wa picha za watu (portraiture). Pia alitengeneza vichwa vya sanamu, michoro ya nakshi zilizoinuka (reliefs) na miundo mingine ya kisanaa ya uchongaji. Kazi zake zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa [[Makumbusho]] ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum). Mwaka 1920, Fahlcrantz alichora picha ya Märtha Gahn. Picha hiyo inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1889]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1978]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uswidi]] h4v4q28qfxs1tpu9v3i8t5t9jbftznd 1613708 1613646 2026-11-05T13:08:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613708 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Greta Amalia Fahlcrantz Lindberg''' ([[Stockholm]], [[3 Aprili]] [[1889]] – Stockholm, [[13 Machi]] [[1978]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa [[mwigizaji]] Herman Grip na Ada Fallstedt. Alisomea sanaa chini ya Carl Wilhelmson. Mwaka 1912, aliolewa na mwanasheria Hugo Fahlcrantz. [[Ndoa]] yao ilivunjika mwaka 1919, mwaka huohuo alipoanza kusoma sanaa chini ya André Lhote. Mwaka 1921, aliolewa na mwandishi wa habari Helge Lindberg, ambaye alizaa naye watoto watatu. Aliishi katika miji ya Uppsala na Gothenburg, ambako alifanya kazi ya ualimu sambamba na shughuli zake za kisanii. Baadaye alihamia tena Stockholm<ref>https://www.signaturer.se/Sverige/GretaFahlcrantz.htm</ref><ref>https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/sv/artists/artist/5108/</ref>. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Fahlcrantz alijishughulisha zaidi na uchoraji wa picha za watu (portraiture). Pia alitengeneza vichwa vya sanamu, michoro ya nakshi zilizoinuka (reliefs) na miundo mingine ya kisanaa ya uchongaji. Kazi zake zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa [[Makumbusho]] ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum). Mwaka 1920, Fahlcrantz alichora picha ya Märtha Gahn. Picha hiyo inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1889]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1978]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Uswidi]] 7svsldttusu9qjwnpn7d5xqwegghgt1 0 256779 1613647 2026-11-05T12:09:07Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' ([[23 Machi]], [[1957]] - [[22 Septemba]], [[2018]]), aliyekuwa akijulikana awali kama '''Edna Sethema''', alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na mwanachama wa African National Congress. Molewa aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maji na Masuala ya [[Mazingira]] wa Afrika Kusini tarehe 31 Oktoba 2010, katika mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri yaliyofanywa na Rais [[Jacob Zuma]]. Tarehe 25 Mei 2014, wizara yake iligawanywa, naye aka...' 1613647 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bomo Edith Edna Molewa''' ([[23 Machi]], [[1957]] - [[22 Septemba]], [[2018]]), aliyekuwa akijulikana awali kama '''Edna Sethema''', alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na mwanachama wa African National Congress. Molewa aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Maji na Masuala ya [[Mazingira]] wa Afrika Kusini tarehe 31 Oktoba 2010, katika mabadiliko ya baraza la mawaziri yaliyofanywa na Rais [[Jacob Zuma]]. Tarehe 25 Mei 2014, wizara yake iligawanywa, naye akateuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Masuala ya Mazingira. Alimrithi [[Buyelwa Sonjica]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web |title=Dr. Bomo Edna Molewa |url=https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |publisher=Department of Environmental Affairs |access-date=23 September 2018 |archive-date=25 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125111556/https://www.environment.gov.za/aboutus/biographies |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="assembly">People's Assembly:[http://www.pa.org.za/person/bomo-edna-edith-molewa Ms Edna Molewa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506191028/http://www.pa.org.za/person/bomo-edna-edith-molewa/ |date=6 May 2016 }}, 26 July 2015</ref><ref name="who">Who's Who South Africa:[http://whoswho.co.za/edna-molewa-3283 Edna Molewa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526072514/http://whoswho.co.za/edna-molewa-3283 |date=26 May 2015 }}, 26 July 2015</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|2018}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] e3lnfuron63ahhtaaw1q9uoqjjfysub 0 256780 1613648 2026-11-05T12:19:25Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Eloïne Barry (amezaliwa mwaka [[1981]] [[Lyon]], [[Ufaransa]]) ni mtaalamu wa mikakati ya [[mawasiliano]], mjasiriamali, na mtaalamu wa vyombo vya habari vya [[Afrika]] na kuingia katika masoko. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na mtendaji mkuu wa African Media Agency, shirika la mawasiliano la Afrika nzima linalomilikiwa na kuongozwa na [[wanawake]], lililoshinda tuzo, na mshirika wa kimkakati wa kusaidia mashirika kuingia katika masoko. Husaidia mashirika kuelewa...' 1613648 wikitext text/x-wiki Eloïne Barry (amezaliwa mwaka [[1981]] [[Lyon]], [[Ufaransa]]) ni mtaalamu wa mikakati ya [[mawasiliano]], mjasiriamali, na mtaalamu wa vyombo vya habari vya [[Afrika]] na kuingia katika masoko. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na mtendaji mkuu wa African Media Agency, shirika la mawasiliano la Afrika nzima linalomilikiwa na kuongozwa na [[wanawake]], lililoshinda tuzo, na mshirika wa kimkakati wa kusaidia mashirika kuingia katika masoko. Husaidia mashirika kuelewa mazingira na kufanikiwa katika masoko ya Afrika na kwingineko. <ref>[https://www.africacommunicationsweek.com/top-30-africa-communications-professionals-follow/ Africa Communications Week, Top 30 African Communications Professionals to follow], retrieved July 16, 2019</ref><ref>[https://www.mipad.org/files/M&C2018.jpg Most Influential People of African Descent 2018 - Media & Culture Category], retrieved July 16, 2019</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Guinea]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Guinea]] mebl0myoamcd5lmd3jcbk780d62mdhz 0 256781 1613649 2026-11-05T12:20:50Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ellen Ainsworth''' (1918 huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin – 1944 huko [[Anzio]], Italia) alikuwa afisa katika [[Jeshi la Marekani]] wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Ainsworth alitunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star na Purple Heart kwa matendo yake wakati wa Operation Shingle akiwa anatumikia na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani. Yeye na wauguzi wenzake watatu waliokuwa wakitumikia wakati huo - Mary Roberts, Rita Rourke, na Elaine Roe - wali...' 1613649 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen Ainsworth''' (1918 huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin – 1944 huko [[Anzio]], Italia) alikuwa afisa katika [[Jeshi la Marekani]] wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Ainsworth alitunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star na Purple Heart kwa matendo yake wakati wa Operation Shingle akiwa anatumikia na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani. Yeye na wauguzi wenzake watatu waliokuwa wakitumikia wakati huo - Mary Roberts, Rita Rourke, na Elaine Roe - walikuwa wanawake wa kwanza kutunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/silverstar.html|title = Military woman receives Silver Star}}</ref> wote walitajwa kwa ushujaa wao katika kuwahamisha wagonjwa kutoka Hospitali ya Sehemu ya 33 huko [[Anzio]] tarehe 10 Februari 1944.<ref name=foxnews>{{cite news |last=Abrashi |first=Fisnik |title=Medic Stationed in Afghanistan Becomes 2nd Woman to Be Awarded Silver Star |work=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |date=9 March 2008 |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/medic-stationed-in-afghanistan-becomes-2nd-woman-to-be-awarded-silver-star}}</ref> Ainsworth aliuawa wakati wa Vita vya Anzio akiwa anatumikia katika 56th Evacuation Hospital<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2006 |title= 56th Evacuation Hospital Unit History |url=https://www.med-dept.com/unit-histories/56th-evacuation-hospital/ |website=WW2 US Medical Research Centre |location= |publisher= |access-date=2026-05-06 |quote=On February 12, <nowiki>[[</nowiki>1944<nowiki>]]</nowiki> it was 1900 hours, the enemy unleashed the heaviest air raid over Anzio. It lasted 1½ hours. One anti-personnel bomb landed in the Officers’ area, seriously wounding Second Lieutenant Ellen G. Ainsworth, ANC.}}</ref>, na alikuwa mwanamke pekee kutoka Wisconsin aliuawa kwa moto wa adui wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/|title=Only Wisconsin woman killed by enemy fire during WWII honored|last=Rathbun|first=Andy|date=2014-05-24|website=Twin Cities|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403182217/https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/ |archive-date=2019-04-03 |access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Baada ya kifo chake alizikwa katika Makaburi na Kumbukumbu ya Kiamerika ya Sicily–Rome (Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial).<ref name=":0" /> == Maisha ya zamani na elimu == Ainsworth alikuwa mtoto mdogo zaidi kati ya ndugu watatu, na alikulia huko Glenwood, Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogs.va.gov/VAntage/58675/veteranoftheday-ellen-ainsworth/|title=#VeteranOfTheDay Army Veteran Ellen Ainsworth|last=Santiago|first=Paola|date=2019-04-10|website=VAntage Point|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Alihudhuria Shule ya Uuguzi ya Eitel (Eitel Hospital School of Nursing) huko Minneapolis.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya kuhitimu mnamo 1941, alijiunga na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani mnamo Machi 1942.<ref name=":0" /> == Urithi == Makumbusho ya baadaye kwa heshima yake ni pamoja na chumba cha mikutano kilichoitwa kwa jina lake katika [[The Pentagon]] na kituo cha matibabu (dispensary) kilichoitwa kwa jina lake huko Fort Hamilton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS4735|title=Ainsworth, Ellen 1918 - 1944|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2012-01-10}}</ref> Ofisi ya posta huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin imeteuliwa kuwa ofisi ya posta ya kumbukumbu kwa heshima yake na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>See [[c:File:Congressional_Record_-_2016-06-06.pdf|Congressional Records from the 114th Congress]]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1944]] t12fwfuauhl6aejfta4u2ve6jujo3ro 1613709 1613649 2026-11-05T13:09:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen Ainsworth''' (1918 huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin – 1944 huko [[Anzio]], [[Italia]]) alikuwa afisa katika [[Jeshi la Marekani]] wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Ainsworth alitunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star na Purple Heart kwa matendo yake wakati wa Operation Shingle akiwa anatumikia na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani. Yeye na wauguzi wenzake watatu waliokuwa wakitumikia wakati huo - Mary Roberts, Rita Rourke, na Elaine Roe - walikuwa wanawake wa kwanza kutunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/silverstar.html|title = Military woman receives Silver Star}}</ref> wote walitajwa kwa ushujaa wao katika kuwahamisha wagonjwa kutoka Hospitali ya Sehemu ya 33 huko [[Anzio]] tarehe 10 Februari 1944.<ref name=foxnews>{{cite news |last=Abrashi |first=Fisnik |title=Medic Stationed in Afghanistan Becomes 2nd Woman to Be Awarded Silver Star |work=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |date=9 March 2008 |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/medic-stationed-in-afghanistan-becomes-2nd-woman-to-be-awarded-silver-star}}</ref> Ainsworth aliuawa wakati wa Vita vya Anzio akiwa anatumikia katika 56th Evacuation Hospital<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2006 |title= 56th Evacuation Hospital Unit History |url=https://www.med-dept.com/unit-histories/56th-evacuation-hospital/ |website=WW2 US Medical Research Centre |location= |publisher= |access-date=2026-05-06 |quote=On February 12, <nowiki>[[</nowiki>1944<nowiki>]]</nowiki> it was 1900 hours, the enemy unleashed the heaviest air raid over Anzio. It lasted 1½ hours. One anti-personnel bomb landed in the Officers’ area, seriously wounding Second Lieutenant Ellen G. Ainsworth, ANC.}}</ref>, na alikuwa mwanamke pekee kutoka Wisconsin aliuawa kwa moto wa adui wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/|title=Only Wisconsin woman killed by enemy fire during WWII honored|last=Rathbun|first=Andy|date=2014-05-24|website=Twin Cities|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403182217/https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/ |archive-date=2019-04-03 |access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Baada ya kifo chake alizikwa katika Makaburi na Kumbukumbu ya Kiamerika ya Sicily–Rome (Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial).<ref name=":0" /> == Maisha ya zamani na elimu == Ainsworth alikuwa mtoto mdogo zaidi kati ya ndugu watatu, na alikulia huko Glenwood, Wisconsin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.blogs.va.gov/VAntage/58675/veteranoftheday-ellen-ainsworth/|title=#VeteranOfTheDay Army Veteran Ellen Ainsworth|last=Santiago|first=Paola|date=2019-04-10|website=VAntage Point|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Alihudhuria Shule ya Uuguzi ya Eitel (Eitel Hospital School of Nursing) huko Minneapolis.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya kuhitimu mnamo 1941, alijiunga na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani mnamo Machi 1942.<ref name=":0" /> == Urithi == Makumbusho ya baadaye kwa heshima yake ni pamoja na chumba cha mikutano kilichoitwa kwa jina lake katika [[The Pentagon]] na kituo cha matibabu (dispensary) kilichoitwa kwa jina lake huko Fort Hamilton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS4735|title=Ainsworth, Ellen 1918 - 1944|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2012-01-10}}</ref> Ofisi ya posta huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin imeteuliwa kuwa ofisi ya posta ya kumbukumbu kwa heshima yake na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>See [[c:File:Congressional_Record_-_2016-06-06.pdf|Congressional Records from the 114th Congress]]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1944]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Marekani]] f8ytrqlfkllih2j9s209szqf4av393s 1613982 1613709 2026-11-05T20:02:31Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1613982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ellen Ainsworth''' (1918 huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin – 1944 huko [[Anzio]], [[Italia]]) alikuwa afisa katika [[Jeshi la Marekani]] wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Ainsworth alitunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star na Purple Heart kwa matendo yake wakati wa Operation Shingle akiwa anatumikia na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani. Yeye na wauguzi wenzake watatu waliokuwa wakitumikia wakati huo - Mary Roberts, Rita Rourke, na Elaine Roe - walikuwa wanawake wa kwanza kutunukiwa nishani ya Silver Star;<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://userpages.aug.com/captbarb/silverstar.html|title = Military woman receives Silver Star}}</ref> wote walitajwa kwa ushujaa wao katika kuwahamisha wagonjwa kutoka Hospitali ya Sehemu ya 33 huko [[Anzio]] tarehe 10 Februari 1944.<ref name=foxnews>{{cite news |last=Abrashi |first=Fisnik |title=Medic Stationed in Afghanistan Becomes 2nd Woman to Be Awarded Silver Star |work=Fox News |agency=Associated Press |date=9 March 2008 |url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/medic-stationed-in-afghanistan-becomes-2nd-woman-to-be-awarded-silver-star}}</ref> Ainsworth aliuawa wakati wa Vita vya Anzio akiwa anatumikia katika 56th Evacuation Hospital<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=2006 |title= 56th Evacuation Hospital Unit History |url=https://www.med-dept.com/unit-histories/56th-evacuation-hospital/ |website=WW2 US Medical Research Centre |location= |publisher= |access-date=2026-05-06 |quote=On February 12, <nowiki>[[</nowiki>1944<nowiki>]]</nowiki> it was 1900 hours, the enemy unleashed the heaviest air raid over Anzio. It lasted 1½ hours. One anti-personnel bomb landed in the Officers’ area, seriously wounding Second Lieutenant Ellen G. Ainsworth, ANC.}}</ref>, na alikuwa mwanamke pekee kutoka Wisconsin aliuawa kwa moto wa adui wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/|title=Only Wisconsin woman killed by enemy fire during WWII honored|last=Rathbun|first=Andy|date=2014-05-24|website=Twin Cities|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403182217/https://www.twincities.com/2014/05/24/only-wisconsin-woman-killed-by-enemy-fire-during-wwii-honored/ |archive-date=2019-04-03 |access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Baada ya kifo chake alizikwa katika Makaburi na Kumbukumbu ya Kiamerika ya Sicily–Rome (Sicily–Rome American Cemetery and Memorial).<ref name=":0" /> == Maisha ya zamani na elimu == Ainsworth alikuwa mtoto mdogo zaidi kati ya ndugu watatu, na alikulia huko Glenwood, Wisconsin.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.blogs.va.gov/VAntage/58675/veteranoftheday-ellen-ainsworth/|title=#VeteranOfTheDay Army Veteran Ellen Ainsworth|last=Santiago|first=Paola|date=2019-04-10|website=VAntage Point|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-26}}</ref> Alihudhuria Shule ya Uuguzi ya Eitel (Eitel Hospital School of Nursing) huko Minneapolis.<ref name=":0" /> Baada ya kuhitimu mnamo 1941, alijiunga na Kikosi cha Wauguzi cha Jeshi la Marekani mnamo Machi 1942.<ref name=":0" /> == Urithi == Makumbusho ya baadaye kwa heshima yake ni pamoja na chumba cha mikutano kilichoitwa kwa jina lake katika [[The Pentagon]] na kituo cha matibabu (dispensary) kilichoitwa kwa jina lake huko Fort Hamilton.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/Records/Article/CS4735|title=Ainsworth, Ellen 1918 - 1944|publisher=Wisconsin Historical Society|accessdate=2012-01-10}}</ref> Ofisi ya posta huko Glenwood City, Wisconsin imeteuliwa kuwa ofisi ya posta ya kumbukumbu kwa heshima yake na Bunge la Marekani.<ref>See [[c:File:Congressional_Record_-_2016-06-06.pdf|Congressional Records from the 114th Congress]]</ref> ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1918]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1944]] [[Jamii:wanawake wa Marekani]] mndyghhy0dtx6cq9d8xwfwbrjoqobfu 0 256782 1613650 2026-11-05T12:24:46Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Josephine Apieu Jenaro Aken''' ([[1 Mei]], [[1955]] – [[2 Mei]], [[2008]]), mwanachama wa jamii ya [[Luo]] (family of ethnic groups) kutoka eneo la [[Bahr el Ghazal]] (region of South Sudan), alizaliwa [[Wau]], Southern Sudan, Western Bahr el Ghazal, [[South Sudan]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Sudan People's Liberation Movement.<ref name="kuyok">{{cite book|last1=Kuyok|first1=Kuyok Abol|title=South Sudan: The Notable Firsts|date=2015|isbn=9781504943444|pag...' 1613650 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Apieu Jenaro Aken''' ([[1 Mei]], [[1955]] – [[2 Mei]], [[2008]]), mwanachama wa jamii ya [[Luo]] (family of ethnic groups) kutoka eneo la [[Bahr el Ghazal]] (region of South Sudan), alizaliwa [[Wau]], Southern Sudan, Western Bahr el Ghazal, [[South Sudan]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Sudan People's Liberation Movement.<ref name="kuyok">{{cite book|last1=Kuyok|first1=Kuyok Abol|title=South Sudan: The Notable Firsts|date=2015|isbn=9781504943444|pages=931–932|publisher=AuthorHouse |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=622LCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT931|accessdate=23 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Air crash kills Sudanese minister|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7380412.stm|website=news.bbc.co.uk|date=2 May 2008|access-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1955|2008}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Sudan Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Sudan Kusini]] h21tdutpondrwi0cbnxixxeijkjl41z 0 256783 1613654 2026-11-05T12:29:06Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Malin Ek''' (amezaliwa [[18 Aprili]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 2010, alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award). Ni binti wa mwigizaji Anders Ek, aliyepokea tuzo hiyo mwaka 1971, na Birgit Cullberg, aliyekuwa mbunifu wa miondoko ya dansi (choreographer). Alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike (Best Actress) katika Tuzo za 19 za Guldbagge (19th Guldbagge Awards) kutokana na uigizaj...' 1613654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malin Ek''' (amezaliwa [[18 Aprili]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 2010, alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award). Ni binti wa mwigizaji Anders Ek, aliyepokea tuzo hiyo mwaka 1971, na Birgit Cullberg, aliyekuwa mbunifu wa miondoko ya dansi (choreographer). Alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike (Best Actress) katika Tuzo za 19 za Guldbagge (19th Guldbagge Awards) kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ya Mamma (1982)<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/en/item/?type=film&itemid=5933</ref>. Mwaka 1985, alishinda tuzo hiyo kwa mara ya pili kutokana na nafasi yake katika filamu ya False as Water. Aliipata kwa mara ya tatu katika Tuzo za 26 za Guldbagge (26th Guldbagge Awards) kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ya The Guardian Angel (1990)<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/en/item/?type=film&itemid=16146</ref>. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == * Mamma (1982) * False as Water (1985) * The Guardian Angel (1990) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Tuzo]] k08yutxtjnrvcbqmqfn3as1l4gdhhy9 1613710 1613654 2026-11-05T13:09:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1613710 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Malin Ek''' (amezaliwa [[18 Aprili]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[filamu]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Mwaka 2010, alitunukiwa [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene O'Neill (Eugene O'Neill Award). Ni binti wa mwigizaji Anders Ek, aliyepokea tuzo hiyo mwaka 1971, na Birgit Cullberg, aliyekuwa mbunifu wa miondoko ya dansi (choreographer). Alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike (Best Actress) katika Tuzo za 19 za Guldbagge (19th Guldbagge Awards) kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ya Mamma (1982)<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/en/item/?type=film&itemid=5933</ref>. Mwaka 1985, alishinda tuzo hiyo kwa mara ya pili kutokana na nafasi yake katika filamu ya False as Water. Aliipata kwa mara ya tatu katika Tuzo za 26 za Guldbagge (26th Guldbagge Awards) kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ya The Guardian Angel (1990)<ref>https://www.svenskfilmdatabas.se/en/item/?type=film&itemid=16146</ref>. == Orodha teule ya filamu alizoigiza == * Mamma (1982) * False as Water (1985) * The Guardian Angel (1990) == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] h48deqabkcgds0levpg5plsjxy18r1a 0 256784 1613656 2026-11-05T12:30:51Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Vivianne Fock Tave, December 2014.jpg|thumb|Vivianne Fock Tave katika mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la WTO mwezi Desemba 2014]] '''Vivianne Simone Fock Tave''' ni Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa Washelisheli katika Umoja wa Mataifa na Balozi wa Shelisheli nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morel |first=Aline |date=2025-12-22 |title=Seychelles Ambassador to the United States of America Presents Credentials to President Donald J. Trump - Ministry of...' 1613656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vivianne Fock Tave, December 2014.jpg|thumb|Vivianne Fock Tave katika mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la WTO mwezi Desemba 2014]] '''Vivianne Simone Fock Tave''' ni Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa Washelisheli katika Umoja wa Mataifa na Balozi wa Shelisheli nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morel |first=Aline |date=2025-12-22 |title=Seychelles Ambassador to the United States of America Presents Credentials to President Donald J. Trump - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora |url=https://mfa.gov.sc/news/seychelles-ambassador-to-the-united-states-of-america-presents-credentials-to-president-donald-j-trump/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora - Republic of Seychelles}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=New Permanent Representative of Seychelles Presents Credentials |url=https://press.un.org/en/2025/bio5613.doc.htm |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=press.un.org}}</ref>Yeye ni binti wa Gontran Fock Tave na Agnezina ( Belle). Ana shahada ya uzamili katika [[uchumi]] kutoka Technische Universität Berlin.<ref name="Hungary">{{cite news |title=First Seychelles Ambassador accredited to the Republic of Hungary |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/55701/first-seychelles-ambassador-accredited-republic-hungary/ |accessdate=11 April 2020 |publisher=eTurboNews |date=29 March 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1950|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 1o8n5o6yu0w3djv61lgvwq480zufc58 1613658 1613656 2026-11-05T12:31:09Z Praygod mwanga 39272 1613658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vivianne Fock Tave, December 2014.jpg|thumb|Vivianne Fock Tave katika mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la WTO mwezi Desemba 2014]] '''Vivianne Simone Fock Tave''' ni Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa Washelisheli katika Umoja wa Mataifa na Balozi wa Shelisheli nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morel |first=Aline |date=2025-12-22 |title=Seychelles Ambassador to the United States of America Presents Credentials to President Donald J. Trump - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora |url=https://mfa.gov.sc/news/seychelles-ambassador-to-the-united-states-of-america-presents-credentials-to-president-donald-j-trump/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora - Republic of Seychelles}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=New Permanent Representative of Seychelles Presents Credentials |url=https://press.un.org/en/2025/bio5613.doc.htm |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=press.un.org}}</ref>Yeye ni binti wa Gontran Fock Tave na Agnezina ( Belle). Ana shahada ya uzamili katika [[uchumi]] kutoka Technische Universität Berlin.<ref name="Hungary">{{cite news |title=First Seychelles Ambassador accredited to the Republic of Hungary |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/55701/first-seychelles-ambassador-accredited-republic-hungary/ |accessdate=11 April 2020 |publisher=eTurboNews |date=29 March 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3d83unnp1go2plj060qorouvtdkyoys 1613712 1613658 2026-11-05T13:10:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vivianne Fock Tave, December 2014.jpg|thumb|Vivianne Fock Tave katika mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la WTO mwezi Desemba 2014]] '''Vivianne Simone Fock Tave''' ni Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa [[Shelisheli]] katika Umoja wa Mataifa na Balozi wa Shelisheli nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Morel |first=Aline |date=2025-12-22 |title=Seychelles Ambassador to the United States of America Presents Credentials to President Donald J. Trump - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora |url=https://mfa.gov.sc/news/seychelles-ambassador-to-the-united-states-of-america-presents-credentials-to-president-donald-j-trump/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora - Republic of Seychelles}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 December 2025 |title=New Permanent Representative of Seychelles Presents Credentials |url=https://press.un.org/en/2025/bio5613.doc.htm |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=press.un.org}}</ref>Yeye ni binti wa Gontran Fock Tave na Agnezina ( Belle). Ana shahada ya uzamili katika [[uchumi]] kutoka Technische Universität Berlin.<ref name="Hungary">{{cite news |title=First Seychelles Ambassador accredited to the Republic of Hungary |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/55701/first-seychelles-ambassador-accredited-republic-hungary/ |accessdate=11 April 2020 |publisher=eTurboNews |date=29 March 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Shelisheli]] 3yy6oj2684tkzzgf20y7mk321fkxf49 1614100 1613712 2026-11-05T23:49:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vivianne Fock Tave, December 2014.jpg|thumb|Vivianne Fock Tave katika mkutano wa Baraza Kuu la WTO mwezi Desemba 2014]] '''Vivianne Simone Fock Tave''' ni Mwakilishi wa Kudumu wa [[Shelisheli]] katika Umoja wa Mataifa na Balozi wa Shelisheli nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Morel |first=Aline |date=2025-12-22 |title=Seychelles Ambassador to the United States of America Presents Credentials to President Donald J. Trump - Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora |url=https://mfa.gov.sc/news/seychelles-ambassador-to-the-united-states-of-america-presents-credentials-to-president-donald-j-trump/ |access-date=2025-12-25 |website=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Diaspora - Republic of Seychelles}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |date=3 December 2025 |title=New Permanent Representative of Seychelles Presents Credentials |url=https://press.un.org/en/2025/bio5613.doc.htm |access-date=25 December 2025 |website=press.un.org}}</ref>Yeye ni binti wa Gontran Fock Tave na Agnezina ( Belle). Ana shahada ya uzamili katika [[uchumi]] kutoka Technische Universität Berlin.<ref name="Hungary">{{cite news |title=First Seychelles Ambassador accredited to the Republic of Hungary |url=https://www.eturbonews.com/55701/first-seychelles-ambassador-accredited-republic-hungary/ |accessdate=11 April 2020 |publisher=eTurboNews |date=29 March 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Shelisheli]] gwj4tqsjsw8k8qk1pxb5ys0eap3i910 0 256785 1613664 2026-11-05T12:36:08Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zeina''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Wessam Reda Ismail Morsi''', tarehe [[4 Februari]], [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Misri]]. Alianza uigizaji mwaka 1995 na tangu wakati huo ameshiriki katika filamu nyingi na vipindi vya televisheni. Anajulikana kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji bora na warembo zaidi nchini Misri.<ref name="TopBeautifulWomenZeina">{{cite web |title=Top-30 Most Beautiful Egyptian Women. Photo Gallery |url=https://top-beau...' 1613664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeina''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Wessam Reda Ismail Morsi''', tarehe [[4 Februari]], [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Misri]]. Alianza uigizaji mwaka 1995 na tangu wakati huo ameshiriki katika filamu nyingi na vipindi vya televisheni. Anajulikana kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji bora na warembo zaidi nchini Misri.<ref name="TopBeautifulWomenZeina">{{cite web |title=Top-30 Most Beautiful Egyptian Women. Photo Gallery |url=https://top-beautiful-women.com/lists/item/33-most-beautiful-egyptian-women |website=Top-Beautiful-Women.com |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=27 August 2026}}</ref><ref name="IMDbList541934026">{{cite web |title=IMDb List |url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls541934026/ |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb |access-date=27 August 2026}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] 1iwla7jk0etiocl9z37040g7cae6dn6 1613714 1613664 2026-11-05T13:12:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zeina''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Wessam Reda Ismail Morsi''', tarehe [[4 Februari]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Misri]]. Alianza uigizaji mwaka 1995 na tangu wakati huo ameshiriki katika filamu nyingi na vipindi vya televisheni. Anajulikana kuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji bora na warembo zaidi nchini Misri.<ref name="TopBeautifulWomenZeina">{{cite web |title=Top-30 Most Beautiful Egyptian Women. Photo Gallery |url=https://top-beautiful-women.com/lists/item/33-most-beautiful-egyptian-women |website=Top-Beautiful-Women.com |date=15 January 2013 |access-date=27 August 2026}}</ref><ref name="IMDbList541934026">{{cite web |title=IMDb List |url=https://www.imdb.com/list/ls541934026/ |website=IMDb |publisher=IMDb |access-date=27 August 2026}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1977|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] jxnknji1soje51m9kpjzwfwxlwxnjym 0 256786 1613668 2026-11-05T12:40:19Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jurema Ferraz''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[14 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Angola]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Angola 2010 na kuiwakilisha Angola|nchi yake katika mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 ya mwaka 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224181627/http://missangolaoficial.com/ Official Miss Angola website]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} Jamii:Wanamitindo wa...' 1613668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jurema Ferraz''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[14 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Angola]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Angola 2010 na kuiwakilisha Angola|nchi yake katika mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 ya mwaka 2010.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120224181627/http://missangolaoficial.com/ Official Miss Angola website]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Angola]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Angola]] d4lv4i6qmx9bht53jbhjg20jzcnv0ir 0 256787 1613670 2026-11-05T12:42:15Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bryce Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[14 Desemba]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa timu za Harvard Crimson na Seton Hall Pirates. Akiwa mchezaji wa mwaka wa kwanza, Aiken alitajwa kuwa Ivy League Rookie of the Year na First Team All-Ivy. Wastani wake wa pointi 14.5 kwa mchezo ulikuwa wa juu zaidi kwa mchezaji wa mwaka wa kwanza wa Harvard tangu 1988. Alifikia wastani wa pointi 14.1 k...' 1613670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bryce Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[14 Desemba]] [[1996]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa timu za Harvard Crimson na Seton Hall Pirates. Akiwa mchezaji wa mwaka wa kwanza, Aiken alitajwa kuwa Ivy League Rookie of the Year na First Team All-Ivy. Wastani wake wa pointi 14.5 kwa mchezo ulikuwa wa juu zaidi kwa mchezaji wa mwaka wa kwanza wa Harvard tangu 1988. Alifikia wastani wa pointi 14.1 kwa mchezo akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa pili. Aiken alipata jeraha la goti la kushoto katika kushindwa na Columbia mnamo [[2 Februari]] [[2018]], ambalo lilihitaji upasuaji wa msimu wa mapumziko. Alikosa sehemu ya msimu wake wa tatu kabla ya kurejea mnamo [[21 Januari]] [[2019]] dhidi ya Howard na kumaliza na pointi 16<ref>[https://gocrimson.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/bryce-aiken/21673 Bryce Aiken - 2019-20 - Men's Basketball], [[Harvard Crimson men's basketball]]. Accessed October 19, 2020. "Hometown: Randolph, N.J.; High School: The Patrick School... Played three seasons at The Patrick School after spending his freshman year at Pope John"</ref><ref name="cordova">{{cite web |last1=Cordova |first1=David |title=Bryce Aiken Holds The Point Guard Reins at Harvard |url=https://davesjoint.net/2017/12/13/bryce-aiken-holds-the-point-guard-reins-at-harvard/ |website=Dave's Joint |accessdate=December 17, 2019 |date=December 13, 2017}}</ref><ref name="foxsports">{{cite web |title=Top-100 recruit Bryce Aiken commits to Harvard over Seton Hall |url=https://www.foxsports.com/college-basketball/story/seton-hall-pirates-recruiting-target-bryce-aiken-commits-harvard-100815 |website=[[Fox Sports (United States)|Fox Sports]] |accessdate=December 17, 2019 |date=October 8, 2015}}</ref>. == Kazi == Aiken alizaliwa Randolph, [[New Jersey]] na alisoma The Patrick School huko Elizabeth, New Jersey. Alijitolea kucheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Harvard mnamo [[8 Oktoba]] [[2015]], akichagua Harvard badala ya Miami na Seton Hall. Alikuwa mchezaji wa nyota nne na aliorodheshwa miongoni mwa wachezaji 100 bora wa darasa la 2016 na 247Sports na ESPN .<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fuller |first1=Marcus |title=Harvard plays Saturday with more top-100 recruits than Minnesota |url=http://www.startribune.com/harvard-plays-saturday-with-more-top-100-recruits-than-minnesota/467294173/ |accessdate=December 22, 2019 |work=[[Star Tribune]] |date=December 30, 2017}}</ref> Akiwa Harvard, Aiken alicheza misimu minne (2016–2020). Msimu wake bora ulikua wa tatu (2018–19) alipofikia wastani wa pointi 22.2, rebounds 2.9, na assists 2.6 kwa mchezo, na alitajwa kwenye First Team All-Ivy League. Mnamo [[8 Februari]] [[2019]], alifunga pointi 44 katika ushindi wa 98–96 wa muda wa ziada wa mara tatu dhidi ya [[Kolombia|Kolumbia]], alama ya pili ya juu zaidi katika historia ya Harvard . Alimaliza kazi yake ya Harvard akiwa na pointi 1,090, akiorodheshwa wa 25 katika historia ya chuo .<ref>{{cite news |last1=Zhu |first1=Henry |title=The Return of Bryce Aiken |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2019/1/23/mbb-aikenreturnfeature/ |accessdate=December 22, 2019 |work=[[The Harvard Crimson]] |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> Mnamo [[9 Aprili]] [[2020]], Aiken alitangaza kuhamia Seton Hall kwa msimu wake wa mwisho wa uchapishaji, akichagua Pirates badala ya Maryland, Michigan, na Iowa State . Alicheza misimu miwili na Seton Hall (2020–2022), lakini majeraha yalimzuia kucheza mechi nyingi. Msimu wake wa mwisho (2021–22) alifikia wastani wa pointi 14.5 na assists 2.7 kwa mchezo katika mechi 15 . Alistaafu kucheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu baada ya msimu huo. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 83qonel5q4b08ywrtnhrth58hwp5ky8 0 256788 1613671 2026-11-05T12:43:09Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Marja Casparsson and her mother]] '''Marja Casparsson''' ([[11 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[24 Agosti]] [[1993]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa Saltsjöbaden na alikuwa binti wa Anna Casparsson, msanii aliyebobea katika [[ushonaji]] wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Kuanzia miaka ya 1920, alitumia muda mwingi katika eneo la Gnarp. Alifariki dunia huko Saltsjöbaden. Mwaka 1961,...' 1613671 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Marja Casparsson and her mother]] '''Marja Casparsson''' ([[11 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[24 Agosti]] [[1993]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa Saltsjöbaden na alikuwa binti wa Anna Casparsson, msanii aliyebobea katika [[ushonaji]] wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Kuanzia miaka ya 1920, alitumia muda mwingi katika eneo la Gnarp. Alifariki dunia huko Saltsjöbaden. Mwaka 1961, mwaka ambao mama yake alifariki, Casparsson alichora picha yake. Picha hiyo kwa sasa inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle)<ref>https://www.lexikonettamanda.se/show.php?aid=21878</ref>. Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum) pia yana picha za watu alizochora, zikiwemo za Arne Cassel, Mary-Ann Tollin na Leeo Verde. Aidha, kazi zake tatu, zikiwemo picha mbili za watu, zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet). Katika kipindi cha kazi yake ya sanaa, Casparsson alijulikana hasa kwa kuchora picha za watu wazee. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] g7426v3wu9llv64ptb8lwf3wpifcxp0 1613715 1613671 2026-11-05T13:13:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson.jpg|thumb|Marja Casparsson na mama yake.]] '''Marja Casparsson''' ([[11 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[24 Agosti]] [[1993]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa Saltsjöbaden na alikuwa binti wa Anna Casparsson, msanii aliyebobea katika [[ushonaji]] wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Kuanzia miaka ya 1920, alitumia muda mwingi katika eneo la Gnarp. Alifariki dunia huko Saltsjöbaden. Mwaka 1961, mwaka ambao mama yake alifariki, Casparsson alichora picha yake. Picha hiyo kwa sasa inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle)<ref>https://www.lexikonettamanda.se/show.php?aid=21878</ref>. Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum) pia yana picha za watu alizochora, zikiwemo za Arne Cassel, Mary-Ann Tollin na Leeo Verde. Aidha, kazi zake tatu, zikiwemo picha mbili za watu, zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet). Katika kipindi cha kazi yake ya sanaa, Casparsson alijulikana hasa kwa kuchora picha za watu wazee. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] h08coauphprdl82n2933yosz5wyeyvd 0 256789 1613672 2026-11-05T12:43:22Z Mandago8 92940 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nadezhda Terentyevna Volkova''' ( 20 Juni 1920 – 26 Novemba 1942) alikuwa mjumbe (courier) katika seli ya chini ya ardhi ya umoja wa vijana wa komunisti(Komsomol) wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia. Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Mei 1965, zaidi ya miaka ishirini baada ya kufariki kwake vitani. == Maisha ya kiraia == Volkova alizaliwa mnamo 24 Juni 1920 huko [[Kharkiv]] katika familia ya wafanyakazi...' 1613672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadezhda Terentyevna Volkova''' ( 20 Juni 1920 – 26 Novemba 1942) alikuwa mjumbe (courier) katika seli ya chini ya ardhi ya umoja wa vijana wa komunisti(Komsomol) wakati wa Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia. Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Mei 1965, zaidi ya miaka ishirini baada ya kufariki kwake vitani. == Maisha ya kiraia == Volkova alizaliwa mnamo 24 Juni 1920 huko [[Kharkiv]] katika familia ya wafanyakazi wa ofisini; baba yake alikuwa Mrusi na mama yake alikuwa Myahudi. Mnamo 1936 familia yake ilihamia Konotop huko Sumy, ambapo alihitimu shule ya upili. Baada ya Ujerumani kuvamia [[Soviet Union|Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] mnamo 1941, Nadezhda alihamishwa hadi kijiji cha Insary iliyopo Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Huko alijiunga na kozi za uuguzi na kuanza kufanya kazi katika hospitali ya karibu hadi Machi 1942.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Janina|first=Cottam|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|oclc=228063546}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1668|title=Волкова Надежда Терентьевна|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Shughuli za kupigania msituni (Partisan) == Volkova aliacha kazi yake hospitalini mnamo Machi ili kuhudhuria mafunzo katika Shule Kuu ya Waandalizi wa Vita vya Msituni huko Moscow. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shuleni huko katika msimu wa vuli, alipangiwa Kikosi cha Msituni cha Volchansk Forest, kilichokuwa katika Mkoa wa Kharkov nchini Ukraine. Aliteuliwa kufanya kazi kama afisa wa mawasiliano kwa ajili ya Aleksandr Shcherbak, ambaye alikuwa katibu wa kikosi hicho na Kamati ya Komsomol ya mkoa. Wakati kikundi hicho kiliporuka kwa parachuti katika msitu wa Starosaltovskiy, Shcherbak alitua kwenye mti na kuvunjika miguu yake aliporuka kutoka kwenye mti huo. Alipewa magongo lakini alipata shida kutembea kwa muda wote uliobaki wa maisha yake. Kitengo cha Gestapo kilikuwa na makao makuu yake katika wilaya hiyo, jambo ambalo lilisababisha kuwepo kwa polisi wengi jambo lililofanya utekelezaji wa operesheni kuwa mgumu sana kwa wapiganaji wa msituni. Kama afisa wa mawasiliano, Volkova alipewa jukumu la kwenda kwenye misheni ya upelelezi kukusanya habari kuhusu shughuli za adui na kusambaza habari kati ya vikosi vya wapiganaji wa msituni. Alikuwa pia na ufanisi katika kuwahamasisha wanachama wapya kujiunga na vuguvugu la upinzani, ambapo alitawanya vipeperushi katika vijiji kadhaa na kuzungumza na vijana waliokuwa na nia ya kujiunga na kitengo hicho. Wakati kamati ya Komsomol ilikusudiwa hasa kuendeleza juhudi za upinzani na kuandaa vikosi vya msituni, wanachama wa kamati walishiriki katika uharibifu na ujasusi dhidi ya Mhimili (Axis) pamoja na wapiganaji wengine wa msituni; Volkova mwenyewe alishiriki katika misheni nyingi za pamoja.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=Герой Советского Союза I, Абаев - Любичев|editor-last=Shkadov|editor-first=Ivan|publisher=Voenizdat|year=1987|location=Moscow|language=ru}}</ref> Wakati mamlaka za Ujerumani zilipojua eneo la shirika la siri la chini ya ardhi la wapiganaji wa msituni, zilizingira kundi la wapiganaji kumi na saba wakiwa na askari zaidi ya mia moja wa Axis. Volkova alikataa kumwacha Shcherbak nyuma, na kwa vile hakuweza kukimbia kwa kutumia magongo, walichimba na kujificha kwenye handaki dogo huku Volkova akiwapiga risasi adui kwa bunduki ndogo ya mtutu, jambo lililotoa muda kwa wengi wa wapiganaji wa msituni kutoroka. Wakati risasi zake zilipokuwa zinapungua, alijipiga risasi mwenyewe ili kuepuka kukamatwa; Shcherbak pia alifariki katika vita hiyo na wote wawili walizikwa huko Vovchansk. Mnamo 8 Mei 1965 wote yeye na Shcherbak walitangazwa kuwa Mashujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti kwa amri ya Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Kisovyeti.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=2453|title=Щербак Александр Михайлович|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] cva8anwote0d1449bfeiquvs7thw6oh 1613717 1613672 2026-11-05T13:15:12Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadezhda Terentyevna Volkova''' (20 Juni 1920 – 26 Novemba 1942) alikuwa tarishi katika seli ya chini ya ardhi ya umoja wa vijana Wakomunisti (Komsomol) wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Mei 1965, zaidi ya miaka ishirini baada ya kufariki kwake vitani. == Maisha ya kiraia == Volkova alizaliwa mnamo 24 Juni 1920 huko [[Kharkiv]] katika familia ya wafanyakazi wa ofisini; baba yake alikuwa Mrusi na mama yake alikuwa Myahudi. Mnamo 1936 familia yake ilihamia Konotop huko Sumy, ambapo alihitimu shule ya upili. Baada ya Ujerumani kuvamia [[Soviet Union|Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] mnamo 1941, Nadezhda alihamishwa hadi kijiji cha Insary iliyopo Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Huko alijiunga na kozi za uuguzi na kuanza kufanya kazi katika hospitali ya karibu hadi Machi 1942.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Janina|first=Cottam|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|oclc=228063546}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1668|title=Волкова Надежда Терентьевна|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Shughuli za kupigania msituni (Partisan) == Volkova aliacha kazi yake hospitalini mnamo Machi ili kuhudhuria mafunzo katika Shule Kuu ya Waandalizi wa Vita vya Msituni huko Moscow. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shuleni huko katika msimu wa vuli, alipangiwa Kikosi cha Msituni cha Volchansk Forest, kilichokuwa katika Mkoa wa Kharkov nchini Ukraine. Aliteuliwa kufanya kazi kama afisa wa mawasiliano kwa ajili ya Aleksandr Shcherbak, ambaye alikuwa katibu wa kikosi hicho na Kamati ya Komsomol ya mkoa. Wakati kikundi hicho kiliporuka kwa parachuti katika msitu wa Starosaltovskiy, Shcherbak alitua kwenye mti na kuvunjika miguu yake aliporuka kutoka kwenye mti huo. Alipewa magongo lakini alipata shida kutembea kwa muda wote uliobaki wa maisha yake. Kitengo cha Gestapo kilikuwa na makao makuu yake katika wilaya hiyo, jambo ambalo lilisababisha kuwepo kwa polisi wengi jambo lililofanya utekelezaji wa operesheni kuwa mgumu sana kwa wapiganaji wa msituni. Kama afisa wa mawasiliano, Volkova alipewa jukumu la kwenda kwenye misheni ya upelelezi kukusanya habari kuhusu shughuli za adui na kusambaza habari kati ya vikosi vya wapiganaji wa msituni. Alikuwa pia na ufanisi katika kuwahamasisha wanachama wapya kujiunga na vuguvugu la upinzani, ambapo alitawanya vipeperushi katika vijiji kadhaa na kuzungumza na vijana waliokuwa na nia ya kujiunga na kitengo hicho. Wakati kamati ya Komsomol ilikusudiwa hasa kuendeleza juhudi za upinzani na kuandaa vikosi vya msituni, wanachama wa kamati walishiriki katika uharibifu na ujasusi dhidi ya Mhimili (Axis) pamoja na wapiganaji wengine wa msituni; Volkova mwenyewe alishiriki katika misheni nyingi za pamoja.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":02">{{Cite book|title=Герой Советского Союза I, Абаев - Любичев|editor-last=Shkadov|editor-first=Ivan|publisher=Voenizdat|year=1987|location=Moscow|language=ru}}</ref> Wakati mamlaka za Ujerumani zilipojua eneo la shirika la siri la chini ya ardhi la wapiganaji wa msituni, zilizingira kundi la wapiganaji kumi na saba wakiwa na askari zaidi ya mia moja wa Axis. Volkova alikataa kumwacha Shcherbak nyuma, na kwa vile hakuweza kukimbia kwa kutumia magongo, walichimba na kujificha kwenye handaki dogo huku Volkova akiwapiga risasi adui kwa bunduki ndogo ya mtutu, jambo lililotoa muda kwa wengi wa wapiganaji wa msituni kutoroka. Wakati risasi zake zilipokuwa zinapungua, alijipiga risasi mwenyewe ili kuepuka kukamatwa; Shcherbak pia alifariki katika vita hiyo na wote wawili walizikwa huko Vovchansk. Mnamo 8 Mei 1965 wote yeye na Shcherbak walitangazwa kuwa Mashujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti kwa amri ya Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Kisovyeti.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=2453|title=Щербак Александр Михайлович|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Urusi]] demcirv469b7kklv2m3d3cs8gsxqi1t 1614080 1613717 2026-11-05T22:33:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 4 template(s) replaced. 1614080 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nadezhda Terentyevna Volkova''' (20 Juni 1920 – 26 Novemba 1942) alikuwa tarishi katika seli ya chini ya ardhi ya umoja wa vijana Wakomunisti (Komsomol) wakati wa [[Vita Vikuu vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Alitunukiwa tuzo ya Shujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti baada ya kifo chake mnamo 8 Mei 1965, zaidi ya miaka ishirini baada ya kufariki kwake vitani. == Maisha ya kiraia == Volkova alizaliwa mnamo 24 Juni 1920 huko [[Kharkiv]] katika familia ya wafanyakazi wa ofisini; baba yake alikuwa Mrusi na mama yake alikuwa Myahudi. Mnamo 1936 familia yake ilihamia Konotop huko Sumy, ambapo alihitimu shule ya upili. Baada ya Ujerumani kuvamia [[Soviet Union|Umoja wa Kisovyeti]] mnamo 1941, Nadezhda alihamishwa hadi kijiji cha Insary iliyopo Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Huko alijiunga na kozi za uuguzi na kuanza kufanya kazi katika hospitali ya karibu hadi Machi 1942.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Women in War and Resistance: Selected Biographies of Soviet Women Soldiers|last=Janina|first=Cottam|date=1998|publisher=Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co|isbn=1585101605|location=Newburyport, MA|oclc=228063546}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1668|title=Волкова Надежда Терентьевна|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Shughuli za kupigania msituni (Partisan) == Volkova aliacha kazi yake hospitalini mnamo Machi ili kuhudhuria mafunzo katika Shule Kuu ya Waandalizi wa Vita vya Msituni huko Moscow. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shuleni huko katika msimu wa vuli, alipangiwa Kikosi cha Msituni cha Volchansk Forest, kilichokuwa katika Mkoa wa Kharkov nchini Ukraine. Aliteuliwa kufanya kazi kama afisa wa mawasiliano kwa ajili ya Aleksandr Shcherbak, ambaye alikuwa katibu wa kikosi hicho na Kamati ya Komsomol ya mkoa. Wakati kikundi hicho kiliporuka kwa parachuti katika msitu wa Starosaltovskiy, Shcherbak alitua kwenye mti na kuvunjika miguu yake aliporuka kutoka kwenye mti huo. Alipewa magongo lakini alipata shida kutembea kwa muda wote uliobaki wa maisha yake. Kitengo cha Gestapo kilikuwa na makao makuu yake katika wilaya hiyo, jambo ambalo lilisababisha kuwepo kwa polisi wengi jambo lililofanya utekelezaji wa operesheni kuwa mgumu sana kwa wapiganaji wa msituni. Kama afisa wa mawasiliano, Volkova alipewa jukumu la kwenda kwenye misheni ya upelelezi kukusanya habari kuhusu shughuli za adui na kusambaza habari kati ya vikosi vya wapiganaji wa msituni. Alikuwa pia na ufanisi katika kuwahamasisha wanachama wapya kujiunga na vuguvugu la upinzani, ambapo alitawanya vipeperushi katika vijiji kadhaa na kuzungumza na vijana waliokuwa na nia ya kujiunga na kitengo hicho. Wakati kamati ya Komsomol ilikusudiwa hasa kuendeleza juhudi za upinzani na kuandaa vikosi vya msituni, wanachama wa kamati walishiriki katika uharibifu na ujasusi dhidi ya Mhimili (Axis) pamoja na wapiganaji wengine wa msituni; Volkova mwenyewe alishiriki katika misheni nyingi za pamoja.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":02">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Герой Советского Союза I, Абаев - Любичев|editor-last=Shkadov|editor-first=Ivan|publisher=Voenizdat|year=1987|location=Moscow|language=ru}}</ref> Wakati mamlaka za Ujerumani zilipojua eneo la shirika la siri la chini ya ardhi la wapiganaji wa msituni, zilizingira kundi la wapiganaji kumi na saba wakiwa na askari zaidi ya mia moja wa Axis. Volkova alikataa kumwacha Shcherbak nyuma, na kwa vile hakuweza kukimbia kwa kutumia magongo, walichimba na kujificha kwenye handaki dogo huku Volkova akiwapiga risasi adui kwa bunduki ndogo ya mtutu, jambo lililotoa muda kwa wengi wa wapiganaji wa msituni kutoroka. Wakati risasi zake zilipokuwa zinapungua, alijipiga risasi mwenyewe ili kuepuka kukamatwa; Shcherbak pia alifariki katika vita hiyo na wote wawili walizikwa huko Vovchansk. Mnamo 8 Mei 1965 wote yeye na Shcherbak walitangazwa kuwa Mashujaa wa Umoja wa Kisovyeti kwa amri ya Baraza Kuu la Umoja wa Kisovyeti.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=2453|title=Щербак Александр Михайлович|website=www.warheroes.ru|access-date=2018-05-06}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1942]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Urusi]] 7hrguid3gpi05d0x35t4j1gkfx88zxb 0 256790 1613674 2026-11-05T12:46:10Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bizunesh Mohammed Urgesa''' (amezaliwa [[18 Juni]], [[1989]] katika Negele Arsi, Oromia Region) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio za masafa marefu kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayeshiriki mashindano ya [[marathon]]. Alianza taaluma yake ya riadha kwa kushiriki mbio za mita 800 na mita 1,500. Alishiriki katika mbio za mita 1,500 kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Vijana ya mwaka 2005 na kushinda medali ya shaba, huku akiweka rekodi yake binafsi ya dakika 4:19.34....' 1613674 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bizunesh Mohammed Urgesa''' (amezaliwa [[18 Juni]], [[1989]] katika Negele Arsi, Oromia Region) ni [[mwanariadha]] wa mbio za masafa marefu kutoka [[Ethiopia]] anayeshiriki mashindano ya [[marathon]]. Alianza taaluma yake ya riadha kwa kushiriki mbio za mita 800 na mita 1,500. Alishiriki katika mbio za mita 1,500 kwenye Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Vijana ya mwaka 2005 na kushinda medali ya shaba, huku akiweka rekodi yake binafsi ya dakika 4:19.34.<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/history/WYC/season=2005/eventCode=3364/news/kind=108/newsid=30371.html Event Report - Girls' 1500 metres Final]. [[IAAF]] (2005-07-14). Retrieved on 2011-01-14.</ref><ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afj.htm African Junior Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2011-01-14.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] fcm1dpuiaoto43oo1v210dfpco0fkat 0 256791 1613676 2026-11-05T12:46:43Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Labyrint (Swedish TV series)]] hadi [[Labyrint (mfululizo wa runinga)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613676 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Labyrint (mfululizo wa runinga)]] e6qnty11nbnir63mc3ykdop0rca6h8a 0 256792 1613679 2026-11-05T12:48:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Lego Masters (Swedish season 1)]] hadi [[Lego Masters ya Uswidi]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613679 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lego Masters ya Uswidi]] gi220vou8eqqt6gr98daok8t3x5u3fe 0 256793 1613680 2026-11-05T12:48:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Justin "C. J." Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[27 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Saint Joseph's kuanzia 2010 hadi 2013 .<ref>{{cite web|title=C.J. Aiken Stats|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/cj-aiken-1.html|work=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=January 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=C.J. Aiken Bio|url=http://www.sjuhawks.com/ViewA...' 1613680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Justin "C. J." Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[27 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Saint Joseph's kuanzia 2010 hadi 2013 .<ref>{{cite web|title=C.J. Aiken Stats|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cbb/players/cj-aiken-1.html|work=Sports-Reference.com|accessdate=January 27, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=C.J. Aiken Bio|url=http://www.sjuhawks.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=31200&ATCLID=208879323|work=SJUHawks.com| date=24 June 2013 |accessdate=June 27, 2014}}</ref> == Kazi ya Chuo Kikuu == Aiken alizaliwa Conshohocken, [[Pennsylvania]] na alisoma Shule ya Upili ya Plymouth-Whitemarsh huko Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania . Katika kazi yake ya miaka mitatu chuoni Saint Joseph's, Aiken alicheza michezo 98 (akianzia 82). Katika kipindi chake, alikuwa mmoja wa wazuiaji shuti bora zaidi katika NCAA na alipata heshima ya Atlantic 10 Defensive Player of the Year mwaka 2011–12. Mnamo Aprili 2013, Aiken alitangaza nia yake ya kujitokeza katika draft ya NBA, akiacha mwaka wake wa mwisho wa uhalali wa chuo kikuu.<ref>{{cite web |title=2023年香港籃球聯賽男子甲一組球員名單 (12 Oct 2023) |url=https://www.basketball.org.hk/images/League/2023/MA_Name%20List_League2023.pdf |publisher=Basketball Association of Hong Kong, China |access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2024年香港籃球聯賽男子甲一組球員名單 (25 Oct 2024) |url=https://www.basketball.org.hk/images/League/2024/MA_2024%20League_NameList.pdf |publisher=Basketball Association of Hong Kong, China |access-date=28 October 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] em52lvv0dkd1sqtqvm2wwzmyn91xl98 0 256794 1613684 2026-11-05T12:50:03Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Marduk (band)]] hadi [[Marduk (bendi)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613684 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Marduk (bendi)]] kmtm8c4f5hxykkk3jmw1vdnplazkomk 0 256795 1613688 2026-11-05T12:53:16Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marilyn Douala Bell''' ni mwanauchumi wa kijamii na rais wa sasa wa shirika la kitamaduni la doual'art, lililopo [[Douala]], [[Cameroon]]. == Maisha == Marilyn Douala-Bell alizaliwa nchini Cameroon mwaka 1957. Alisoma katika chuo kikuu jijini [[Paris]], [[France]], ambako alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uchumi wa maendeleo na kukutana na mume wake, mwanahistoria wa sanaa Didier Schaub. Baada ya kufunga ndoa mwaka 1986, walirejea katika mji wake wa ny...' 1613688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marilyn Douala Bell''' ni mwanauchumi wa kijamii na rais wa sasa wa shirika la kitamaduni la doual'art, lililopo [[Douala]], [[Cameroon]]. == Maisha == Marilyn Douala-Bell alizaliwa nchini Cameroon mwaka 1957. Alisoma katika chuo kikuu jijini [[Paris]], [[France]], ambako alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uchumi wa maendeleo na kukutana na mume wake, mwanahistoria wa sanaa Didier Schaub. Baada ya kufunga ndoa mwaka 1986, walirejea katika mji wake wa nyumbani wa Douala.<ref>{{cite web|title=Biography|url=http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=6054|work=Africultures|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Participants of the workshop|url=http://kenyaworkshop.wordpress.com/participants|work=Kenya Workshop 2010|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Curating in Africa symposium|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/about/projects/curating-africa-symposium|work=Tate|accessdate=16 December 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ufaransa]] osws96ei3zm5ir2yok1efe203pnmv96 0 256796 1613690 2026-11-05T12:53:56Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Anna Casparsson]] '''Anna Charlotta Sophia Casparsson''', aliyezaliwa Anna von Feilitzen (10 Oktoba [[1861]] – 24 Septemba [[1961]]), alikuwa [[msanii]] wa nguo kutoka [[Uswidi]], aliyejulikana kwa kazi zake za ushonaji wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Alizaliwa katika mji wa Linköping na alikuwa binti wa Urban von Feilitzin. Alipata mafunzo ya muziki na kuwa mpiga piano. Baad...' 1613690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Anna Casparsson]] '''Anna Charlotta Sophia Casparsson''', aliyezaliwa Anna von Feilitzen (10 Oktoba [[1861]] – 24 Septemba [[1961]]), alikuwa [[msanii]] wa nguo kutoka [[Uswidi]], aliyejulikana kwa kazi zake za ushonaji wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Alizaliwa katika mji wa Linköping na alikuwa binti wa Urban von Feilitzin. Alipata mafunzo ya muziki na kuwa mpiga piano. Baadaye, baada ya kuolewa na Edvard Casparsson, alianza kutengeneza kazi za ushonaji wa mapambo kwa kutumia mbinu yake ya kipekee, iliyohusisha matumizi ya shanga, vitambaa vya mapambo vya wavu (lace) na mapambo ya mng'ao (sequins)<ref>https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/sv/artists/artist/3992/</ref>. Kazi zake za ushonaji zilipata msukumo kutoka katika muziki, simulizi za Biblia na hadithi za ngano, pamoja na kazi za Carl Jonas Love Almqvist na Ernst Josephson. Alionyesha kazi zake kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1945. Mwaka 1960, maonyesho maalumu ya kazi zake yalifanyika katika Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet). Alifariki dunia huko Saltsjöbaden. Binti yake, Marja Casparsson, alikuwa mchoraji. Picha ya Anna iliyochorwa na binti yake mwaka 1961, mwaka ambao Anna alifariki, inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). Kazi tatu za ushonaji za Anna zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum), huku kazi nyingine mbili zikihifadhiwa katika Makumbusho ya [[Sanaa]] ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet)<ref>http://sis.modernamuseet.se/sv/view/objects/asimages/artist$0040577?t:state:flow=c6f2c7ec-447f-4f1c-b4eb-c629a98b2a33</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1861]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1961]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Muziki]] 4wonat5j11z1cibw840d51cdw2os0er 1613718 1613690 2026-11-05T13:16:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anna och Marja Casparsson (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anna Casparsson.]] '''Anna Charlotta Sophia Casparsson''' (alizaliwa Anna von Feilitzen; 10 Oktoba [[1861]] – 24 Septemba [[1961]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa nguo kutoka [[Uswidi]], aliyejulikana kwa kazi zake za ushonaji wa mapambo kwa nyuzi za rangi (embroidery). Alizaliwa katika mji wa Linköping na alikuwa binti Urban von Feilitzin. Alipata mafunzo ya muziki na kuwa mpiga piano. Baadaye, baada ya kuolewa na Edvard Casparsson, alianza kutengeneza kazi za ushonaji wa mapambo kwa kutumia mbinu yake ya kipekee, iliyohusisha matumizi ya shanga, vitambaa vya mapambo vya wavu (lace) na mapambo ya mng'ao (sequins)<ref>https://collection.nationalmuseum.se/sv/artists/artist/3992/</ref>. Kazi zake za ushonaji zilipata msukumo kutoka katika muziki, simulizi za Biblia na hadithi za ngano, pamoja na kazi za Carl Jonas Love Almqvist na Ernst Josephson. Alionyesha kazi zake kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1945. Mwaka 1960, maonyesho maalumu ya kazi zake yalifanyika katika Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet). Alifariki dunia huko Saltsjöbaden. Binti yake, Marja Casparsson, alikuwa mchoraji. Picha ya Anna iliyochorwa na binti yake mwaka 1961, mwaka ambao Anna alifariki, inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). Kazi tatu za ushonaji za Anna zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum), huku kazi nyingine mbili zikihifadhiwa katika Makumbusho ya [[Sanaa]] ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet)<ref>http://sis.modernamuseet.se/sv/view/objects/asimages/artist$0040577?t:state:flow=c6f2c7ec-447f-4f1c-b4eb-c629a98b2a33</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1861]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1961]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] 0c0dqyyi210je2zl7p7x23v25nubx62 0 256797 1613694 2026-11-05T12:57:54Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ana Paula Cristovão Lemos dos Santos''' ((amezaliwa [[17 Oktoba]], [[1963]]) ni mjane wa aliyekuwa [[rais wa Angola]], [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]. Alikuwa Mke wa Rais wa Angola kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=H.E. Mrs. Ana Afonso Dias Lourenço – African First Ladies Peace Mission – AFLPM |url=https://aflpm.org/team/angola/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2009 |title=An...' 1613694 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ana Paula Cristovão Lemos dos Santos''' ((amezaliwa [[17 Oktoba]], [[1963]]) ni mjane wa aliyekuwa [[rais wa Angola]], [[José Eduardo dos Santos]]. Alikuwa Mke wa Rais wa Angola kuanzia mwaka 1991 hadi 2017.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=H.E. Mrs. Ana Afonso Dias Lourenço – African First Ladies Peace Mission – AFLPM |url=https://aflpm.org/team/angola/ |access-date=2026-03-14 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2009 |title=Ana Paula dos Santos (in Portuguese) |url=https://www.club-k.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3767:quem-e-quem-ana-paula-dos-santos&catid=41004:quem-e-quem&Itemid=75&lang=pt |access-date=30 March 2024 |website=CLUB K}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Angola]] 9gegm79iyd2rrj4nmfiyzglbawf1czq 0 256798 1613702 2026-11-05T13:04:11Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Michael Brinkenstjärna''' (amezaliwa 23 Februari [[1966]]) ni [[DJ]], [[mwanamuziki]] na [[meneja]] wa vipaji kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikulia katika eneo la Furulund, katika Manispaa ya Kävlinge, eneo la Skåne kusini mwa Uswidi<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article336930.ab</ref>. Alianza shughuli zake kama DJ katika miaka ya 1980. Katika kazi yake ya kusimamia vipaji, aliwahi kuwa meneja wa wasanii mbalimbali, wakiwemo kundi la muziki la Aqua...' 1613702 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Brinkenstjärna''' (amezaliwa 23 Februari [[1966]]) ni [[DJ]], [[mwanamuziki]] na [[meneja]] wa vipaji kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikulia katika eneo la Furulund, katika Manispaa ya Kävlinge, eneo la Skåne kusini mwa Uswidi<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article336930.ab</ref>. Alianza shughuli zake kama DJ katika miaka ya 1980. Katika kazi yake ya kusimamia vipaji, aliwahi kuwa meneja wa wasanii mbalimbali, wakiwemo kundi la muziki la Aqua na mwimbaji Leila K. Mwaka 2012, alichapisha kitabu kuhusu uzoefu wake katika kazi ya usimamizi wa vipaji, kilichoitwa Ett jävla liv. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] s6qborfsrlt1jjs8c5v36ckisao2r10 1613719 1613702 2026-11-05T13:17:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Brinkenstjärna''' (amezaliwa 23 Februari [[1966]]) ni [[DJ]], [[mwanamuziki]] na [[meneja]] wa vipaji kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikulia katika eneo la Furulund, katika Manispaa ya Kävlinge, eneo la Skåne kusini mwa Uswidi<ref>https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article336930.ab</ref>. Alianza shughuli zake kama DJ katika miaka ya 1980. Katika kazi yake ya kusimamia vipaji, aliwahi kuwa meneja wa wasanii mbalimbali, wakiwemo kundi la muziki la Aqua na mwimbaji Leila K. Mwaka 2012, alichapisha kitabu kuhusu uzoefu wake katika kazi ya usimamizi wa vipaji, kilichoitwa Ett jävla liv. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-Ulaya}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1966]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] d8viohb8pco8mz208w63mylvpflf9u4 0 256799 1613704 2026-11-05T13:05:35Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yara Naoum''' (amezaliwa [[1 Septemba]], [[1987]] jijini [[Cairo]], [[Misri]]) ni mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo kutoka Misri. Ameolewa na mchezaji wa [[soka]] wa Misri Emad Moteab.<ref name="s249">{{cite web | last=بدران | first=محمد | title=يارا نعوم وعماد متعب يخطفان الأنظار فى احدث ظهور لهما | website=صدى البلد | date=2022-06-23 | trans-title=Yara Naoum and Emad Meteb turn heads in their...' 1613704 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yara Naoum''' (amezaliwa [[1 Septemba]], [[1987]] jijini [[Cairo]], [[Misri]]) ni mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo kutoka Misri. Ameolewa na mchezaji wa [[soka]] wa Misri Emad Moteab.<ref name="s249">{{cite web | last=بدران | first=محمد | title=يارا نعوم وعماد متعب يخطفان الأنظار فى احدث ظهور لهما | website=صدى البلد | date=2022-06-23 | trans-title=Yara Naoum and Emad Meteb turn heads in their latest appearance. |url=https://www.elbalad.news/5331740 | language=ar | access-date=2026-07-25}}</ref>Alishinda taji la Miss Egypt mwaka 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nbc.com/Miss_Universe_2008/delegates/eg.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080707050530/http://www.nbc.com/Miss_Universe_2008/delegates/eg.shtml|archive-date=2008-07-07|title=Miss Universe 2008 - Egypt - Yara Naoum|language=en|publisher=nbc.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] hqlyo4d3dlh9tz3q3cc0wyufrhq0acj 0 256800 1613711 2026-11-05T13:09:43Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Beatrice Atim Anywar''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Beatrice Atim'''), pia anajulikana kama '''Betty Anywar''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[9 Januari]], [[1964]]), ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uganda]] ambaye ni Waziri wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Maji na [[Mazingira]] (Mazingira).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership - Ministry of Water and Environment |url=https://www.mwe.go.ug/about/ministers |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=www.mwe.go.ug |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |...' 1613711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Beatrice Atim Anywar''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Beatrice Atim'''), pia anajulikana kama '''Betty Anywar''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[9 Januari]], [[1964]]), ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uganda]] ambaye ni Waziri wa Nchi anayeshughulikia Maji na [[Mazingira]] (Mazingira).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership - Ministry of Water and Environment |url=https://www.mwe.go.ug/about/ministers |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=www.mwe.go.ug |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-02 |title=The Cabinet - State House Uganda |url=https://statehouse.go.ug/the-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Uganda]] os667omd7pfdngnufwsbmeazt5sakf4 14 256801 1613713 2026-11-05T13:10:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Shelisheli]] [[Jamii:wanawake nchi kwa nchi|S]]' 1613713 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Shelisheli]] [[Jamii:wanawake nchi kwa nchi|S]] 1kpxenhh6rhhw5ntbm3wytsgto1qtjl 0 256802 1613716 2026-11-05T13:14:32Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bushra Rozza''' anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina la '''Bushra'''; (amezaliwa tarehe [[5 Oktoba]], [[1981]]), ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Misri]]. Alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Dubai International Film Festival kutokana na nafasi yake katika filamu ya ''678 (film)|678''.<ref name=GN>{{cite news|last=McArthur|first=Rachel|title='We've all been harassed'|url=https://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/we-ve-all-been-ha...' 1613716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bushra Rozza''' anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina la '''Bushra'''; (amezaliwa tarehe [[5 Oktoba]], [[1981]]), ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Misri]]. Alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Dubai International Film Festival kutokana na nafasi yake katika filamu ya ''678 (film)|678''.<ref name=GN>{{cite news|last=McArthur|first=Rachel|title='We've all been harassed'|url=https://gulfnews.com/arts-entertainment/celebrity/we-ve-all-been-harassed-1.734306|access-date=23 January 2011|newspaper=Gulf News|date=23 December 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|language=Arabic|title=Raddan ala Muhamad Ramadan: Bushra Tanddah Ansariatan|trans-title=Responding to Muhammad Ramadan: Bushra exudes racism|url=https://al-akhbar.com/Celebrities/263817|date=|access-date=14 April 2019|publisher=al-Akhbar}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] kp0zswude9x2lvfmlg4elqrd13bbj19 0 256803 1613723 2026-11-05T13:21:12Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Maj Bring.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Maj Bring]] '''Ebba Maria Bring''', aliyejulikana zaidi kwa jina la Maj (29 Agosti [[1880]], [[Uppsala]] – 5 Desemba [[1971]], [[Stockholm]]), alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa Sven Casper Bring<ref>https://skbl.se/en/article/MajBring</ref>. Bring alipata elimu ya sanaa katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Sanaa Nzuri cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts) jijini Stockh...' 1613723 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Maj Bring.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Maj Bring]] '''Ebba Maria Bring''', aliyejulikana zaidi kwa jina la Maj (29 Agosti [[1880]], [[Uppsala]] – 5 Desemba [[1971]], [[Stockholm]]), alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa Sven Casper Bring<ref>https://skbl.se/en/article/MajBring</ref>. Bring alipata elimu ya sanaa katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Sanaa Nzuri cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts) jijini Stockholm. Kazi zake 11 zinahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya [[Sanaa]] ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet) jijini humo. Kazi hizo zinajumuisha picha saba za kuchora na michoro minne. Picha yake ya Anna Behle inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). Pia, picha kadhaa za Maj Bring zilizochorwa na wasanii mbalimbali zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum). Wasanii hao ni Maja Braathen, Berta Hansson, Ninnan Santesson na Carl Wilhelmson. Makumbusho hayo pia yanahifadhi picha ya Johan Ramstedt iliyochorwa na Bring mwenyewe. Kwa upande wa mtindo wake wa kisanii, kazi zake ziliathiriwa na mawasiliano yake na msanii Henri Matisse, ambaye alisoma chini yake jijini Paris mwaka 1910. Aliendelea kuonyesha kazi zake za sanaa hadi alipokaribia kufikisha umri wa miaka 90. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1880]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1971]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uswidi]] agrqk5uqc0bd1dz8qs54kiqxstoguvk 1613746 1613723 2026-11-05T13:35:51Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Maj Bring.jpg|thumb|Maj Bring]] '''Ebba Maria Bring''' (alijulikana zaidi kwa jina la '''Maj'''; 29 Agosti [[1880]], [[Uppsala]] – 5 Desemba [[1971]], [[Stockholm]]) alikuwa [[mchoraji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alikuwa binti wa Sven Casper Bring<ref>https://skbl.se/en/article/MajBring</ref>. Bring alipata elimu ya sanaa katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Sanaa Nzuri cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts) jijini Stockholm. Kazi zake 11 zinahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya [[Sanaa]] ya Kisasa (Moderna Museet) jijini humo. Kazi hizo zinajumuisha picha saba za kuchora na michoro minne. Picha yake ya Anna Behle inahifadhiwa katika mkusanyo wa picha za watu mashuhuri wa Kasri la Gripsholm (Gripsholm Castle). Pia, picha kadhaa za Maj Bring zilizochorwa na wasanii mbalimbali zinapatikana katika mkusanyo wa Makumbusho ya Taifa ya Uswidi (Nationalmuseum). Wasanii hao ni Maja Braathen, Berta Hansson, Ninnan Santesson na Carl Wilhelmson. Makumbusho hayo pia yanahifadhi picha ya Johan Ramstedt iliyochorwa na Bring mwenyewe. Kwa upande wa mtindo wake wa kisanii, kazi zake ziliathiriwa na mawasiliano yake na msanii Henri Matisse, ambaye alisoma chini yake jijini Paris mwaka 1910. Aliendelea kuonyesha kazi zake za sanaa hadi alipokaribia kufikisha umri wa miaka 90. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1880]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1971]] [[Jamii:Wachoraji wa Uswidi]] o4pjfne1hxup79j07oqs7bagrqx7zky 0 256804 1613724 2026-11-05T13:21:17Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Clarisse Andriamampandry Ratsifandrihamanana''' (Fenoarivo Atsinanana, [[5 Desemba]], [[1926]] – [[Antananarivo]], [[28 Juni]], [[1987]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Madagaska]]]. Aliolewa na Dkt. Henri Ratsifandrihamanana mwaka 1946, na walipata watoto wanane, akiwemo Lila Ratsifandrihamanana. Alipokea tuzo saba muhimu za fasihi na alikuwa mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi na Fasihi cha Madagaska, pamoja na kuwa afisa wa Legion of Honour.<ref>[https...' 1613724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clarisse Andriamampandry Ratsifandrihamanana''' (Fenoarivo Atsinanana, [[5 Desemba]], [[1926]] – [[Antananarivo]], [[28 Juni]], [[1987]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Madagaska]]]. Aliolewa na Dkt. Henri Ratsifandrihamanana mwaka 1946, na walipata watoto wanane, akiwemo Lila Ratsifandrihamanana. Alipokea tuzo saba muhimu za fasihi na alikuwa mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi na Fasihi cha Madagaska, pamoja na kuwa afisa wa Legion of Honour.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724064622/http://clratsifa.site40.net/biographie.htm Biography]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1926|1987}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Madagaska]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Madagaska]] aswattwltxfnvw0yuzu70082v2y40sd 1613747 1613724 2026-11-05T13:36:32Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613747 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Clarisse Andriamampandry Ratsifandrihamanana''' (Fenoarivo Atsinanana, [[5 Desemba]] [[1926]] – [[Antananarivo]], [[28 Juni]] [[1987]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Madagaska]]. Aliolewa na Dkt. Henri Ratsifandrihamanana mwaka 1946, na walipata watoto wanane, akiwemo Lila Ratsifandrihamanana. Alipokea tuzo saba muhimu za fasihi na alikuwa mwanachama wa Chuo cha Sayansi na Fasihi cha Madagaska, pamoja na kuwa afisa wa Legion of Honour.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724064622/http://clratsifa.site40.net/biographie.htm Biography]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mwandishi}} {{BD|1926|1987}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Madagaska]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Madagaska]] poo1y4usu81cznq87n8s1nelbecueh9 0 256805 1613730 2026-11-05T13:24:23Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[King's Gate]] hadi [[Lango la Mfalme]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613730 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Lango la Mfalme]] gymfkfi2gcotp8h9v9jevhfgsisxh6f 0 256806 1613733 2026-11-05T13:26:27Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elaine Trepper''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Namibia]]. Mnamo Desemba 2010, aliapishwa kuwa meya wa Windhoek. Trepper ni meya wa tisa na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza mweusi kushika wadhifa huo katika jiji kubwa zaidi na mji mkuu wa Namibia. Akiwa mwanachama wa [[SWAPO]], Trepper alimrithi mwanachama mwenzake wa SWAPO, Matthew Shikongo.<ref>{{usurped|1={{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20120909105351/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?title=City...' 1613733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elaine Trepper''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Namibia]]. Mnamo Desemba 2010, aliapishwa kuwa meya wa Windhoek. Trepper ni meya wa tisa na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza mweusi kushika wadhifa huo katika jiji kubwa zaidi na mji mkuu wa Namibia. Akiwa mwanachama wa [[SWAPO]], Trepper alimrithi mwanachama mwenzake wa SWAPO, Matthew Shikongo.<ref>{{usurped|1={{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20120909105351/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?title=City_to_electrify__informal_settlements&articleid=37847|title=City to electrify informal settlements}}}} ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]'', 16 March 2011</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Namibia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Namibia]] b3stmc4mla1i26obfwbvnl9j543qo14 0 256807 1613736 2026-11-05T13:29:21Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Misri]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Egypt Universe 2010 na kushiriki mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 na Miss World 2011, lakini hakufanikiwa kushika nafasi yoyote katika mashindano hayo mawili. Pia ana taaluma nyingine katika soko la hisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|title=Miss Egypt 2010: Donia Hamed|date=Jul 23, 2010|publisher=Waleg.com|access-date=1 Jul 2...' 1613736 wikitext text/x-wiki ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Misri]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Egypt Universe 2010 na kushiriki mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 na Miss World 2011, lakini hakufanikiwa kushika nafasi yoyote katika mashindano hayo mawili. Pia ana taaluma nyingine katika soko la hisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|title=Miss Egypt 2010: Donia Hamed|date=Jul 23, 2010|publisher=Waleg.com|access-date=1 Jul 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727113955/http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] aj1mdv7pygbzk8vo2q3a51sva510zh6 1613740 1613736 2026-11-05T13:31:40Z Praygod mwanga 39272 1613740 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donia Hamed'''ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Misri]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Egypt Universe 2010 na kushiriki mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 na Miss World 2011, lakini hakufanikiwa kushika nafasi yoyote katika mashindano hayo mawili. Pia ana taaluma nyingine katika soko la hisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|title=Miss Egypt 2010: Donia Hamed|date=Jul 23, 2010|publisher=Waleg.com|access-date=1 Jul 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727113955/http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] k285myznroraf41nud4f2b8htjg74zq 1613742 1613740 2026-11-05T13:32:14Z Praygod mwanga 39272 1613742 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Donia Hamed''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Misri]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo. Alitawazwa kuwa Miss Egypt Universe 2010 na kushiriki mashindano ya Miss Universe 2010 na Miss World 2011, lakini hakufanikiwa kushika nafasi yoyote katika mashindano hayo mawili. Pia ana taaluma nyingine katika soko la hisa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|title=Miss Egypt 2010: Donia Hamed|date=Jul 23, 2010|publisher=Waleg.com|access-date=1 Jul 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727113955/http://www.waleg.com/archives/020696.html|archive-date=2010-07-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Misri]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Misri]] tg1fo6wcrzx644xc7fni3m9s2sjinmp 0 256808 1613739 2026-11-05T13:31:38Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agneta Bolme Börjefors''' alikuwa [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]], [[mtayarishaji]] wa vipindi vya televisheni na [[mwandishi]] wa habari aliyeshughulikia habari za familia ya kifalme nchini [[Uswidi]], kupitia Shirika la Utangazaji la Televisheni la Uswidi (Sveriges Television). Alizaliwa jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Kaka yake, Tomas Bolme, ni mwigizaji kutoka Uswidi. Alirekodi zaidi ya vipindi 600 vya kipindi cha watoto cha Drutten and Jen...' 1613739 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agneta Bolme Börjefors''' alikuwa [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]], [[mtayarishaji]] wa vipindi vya televisheni na [[mwandishi]] wa habari aliyeshughulikia habari za familia ya kifalme nchini [[Uswidi]], kupitia Shirika la Utangazaji la Televisheni la Uswidi (Sveriges Television). Alizaliwa jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Kaka yake, Tomas Bolme, ni mwigizaji kutoka Uswidi. Alirekodi zaidi ya vipindi 600 vya kipindi cha watoto cha Drutten and Jena, ambapo aliigiza na kutoa sauti ya mhusika Drutten. Mhusika huyo alikuwa toleo la Uswidi la mhusika Cheburashka kutoka Urusi. Agneta Bolme Börjefors alifariki dunia tarehe 11 Agosti 2008 akiwa na umri wa miaka 67<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1679609/</ref>. == Filamu alizoshiriki == * 1957 – Snödrottningen (utoaji wa sauti). * 1969 – Drutten och Jena (utoaji wa sauti). == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] [[Jamii:Watayarishaji]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uswidi]] 0pao92dxk0z4ctx4u6aezh60f9mb86z 1613748 1613739 2026-11-05T13:37:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613748 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agneta Bolme Börjefors''' alikuwa [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]], [[mtayarishaji]] wa vipindi vya televisheni na [[mwandishi]] wa habari aliyeshughulikia habari za familia ya kifalme nchini [[Uswidi]], kupitia Shirika la Utangazaji la Televisheni la Uswidi (Sveriges Television). Alizaliwa jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Kaka yake, Tomas Bolme, ni mwigizaji kutoka Uswidi. Alirekodi zaidi ya vipindi 600 vya kipindi cha watoto cha Drutten and Jena, ambapo aliigiza na kutoa sauti ya mhusika Drutten. Mhusika huyo alikuwa toleo la Uswidi la mhusika Cheburashka kutoka Urusi. Agneta Bolme Börjefors alifariki dunia tarehe 11 Agosti 2008 akiwa na umri wa miaka 67<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1679609/</ref>. == Filamu alizoshiriki == * 1957 – Snödrottningen (utoaji wa sauti). * 1969 – Drutten och Jena (utoaji wa sauti). == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watangazaji wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa habari]] s5auu0nhuyslm3zf6myha931ccy8twi 0 256809 1613745 2026-11-05T13:35:41Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meklit Hadero''', anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu la '''Meklit''', ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] mwenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa uimbaji wenye hisia za kina, pamoja na kuchanganya muziki wa jazz, folk na midundo ya Afrika Mashariki katika nyimbo zake. Huimba katika lugha yake ya asili ya [[Kiamhari]] na [[Kiingereza]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https:/...' 1613745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meklit Hadero''', anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu la '''Meklit''', ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] mwenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa uimbaji wenye hisia za kina, pamoja na kuchanganya muziki wa jazz, folk na midundo ya Afrika Mashariki katika nyimbo zake. Huimba katika lugha yake ya asili ya [[Kiamhari]] na [[Kiingereza]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.womensongforum.org/2021/01/20/meklit-hadero-sings-her-sonic-homelands/|title = Meklit Hadero Sings Her Sonic Homelands|date = 20 January 2021|access-date = 29 December 2024|archive-date = 27 July 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240727182455/https://www.womensongforum.org/2021/01/20/meklit-hadero-sings-her-sonic-homelands/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shelemay |first=Kay Kaufman |author-link=Kay Kaufman Shelemay |date=2021 |title=SING AND SING ON : sentinel musicians and the making of the ethiopian american diaspora. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiNREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=215 |isbn=9780226810027}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] pj7e1rna7sq1hkbt06w7h5kjm4gmgje 1614067 1613745 2026-11-05T21:49:25Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614067 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meklit Hadero''', anayejulikana kwa jina moja tu la '''Meklit''', ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi wa nyimbo]] mwenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi [[San Francisco]], [[California]]. Anajulikana kwa mtindo wake wa uimbaji wenye hisia za kina, pamoja na kuchanganya muziki wa jazz, folk na midundo ya Afrika Mashariki katika nyimbo zake. Huimba katika lugha yake ya asili ya [[Kiamhari]] na [[Kiingereza]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url = https://www.womensongforum.org/2021/01/20/meklit-hadero-sings-her-sonic-homelands/|title = Meklit Hadero Sings Her Sonic Homelands|date = 20 January 2021|access-date = 29 December 2024|archive-date = 27 July 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240727182455/https://www.womensongforum.org/2021/01/20/meklit-hadero-sings-her-sonic-homelands/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Shelemay |first=Kay Kaufman |author-link=Kay Kaufman Shelemay |date=2021 |title=SING AND SING ON : sentinel musicians and the making of the ethiopian american diaspora. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiNREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|location=Chicago |publisher=University of Chicago Press |page=215 |isbn=9780226810027}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Ethiopia]] km64k7ut8o4mrkyszzp7po12u7057qr 0 256810 1613749 2026-11-05T13:39:30Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Princess '''Amal Iyingiala Pepple''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mtumishi wa [[umma]] kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Aliwahi kuwa waziri wa Nyumba, Ardhi na Maendeleo ya Miji katika Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Nigeria wakati wa utawala wa Jonathan. Kabla ya Juni 2009, pia alikuwa mkuu wa Utumishi wa Umma.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.amni.com/board_of_directors/a-name-5/|website=amni.com|title=person page|accessdate=July 9, 2025}} </ref><ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.arkse...' 1613749 wikitext text/x-wiki Princess '''Amal Iyingiala Pepple''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mtumishi wa [[umma]] kutoka [[Nigeria]]. Aliwahi kuwa waziri wa Nyumba, Ardhi na Maendeleo ya Miji katika Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Nigeria wakati wa utawala wa Jonathan. Kabla ya Juni 2009, pia alikuwa mkuu wa Utumishi wa Umma.<ref> {{cite web|url=https://www.amni.com/board_of_directors/a-name-5/|website=amni.com|title=person page|accessdate=July 9, 2025}} </ref><ref> {{cite web|url=http://www.arksego.com/our_people.php|title=person page|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206034538/http://www.arksego.com/our_people.php |accessdate=July 9, 2025 |archive-date=6 December 2010 }} </ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] m11faikmdvoniw2gi60h2wctvnsk74e 0 256811 1613750 2026-11-05T13:41:16Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Ernfrid Bogstedt, 1940-tal.jpg|thumb|'''Ernfrid Bogstedt''']] '''Oskar Ernfrid Bogstedt''' (8 Januari [[1908]] – 17 Agosti [[1989 KK|1989]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Bogstedt aliwahi kufanya maonyesho ya [[sanaa]] pamoja na Beppe Wolgers. Pia alikuwa na uhusiano wa kifamilia na [[mwanamuziki]] Stefan Bogstedt<ref>https://www.modernamuseet.se/sv/stockholm/utstallningar/staden-som-livsrum1/biografier/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}...' 1613750 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ernfrid Bogstedt, 1940-tal.jpg|thumb|'''Ernfrid Bogstedt''']] '''Oskar Ernfrid Bogstedt''' (8 Januari [[1908]] – 17 Agosti [[1989 KK|1989]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Bogstedt aliwahi kufanya maonyesho ya [[sanaa]] pamoja na Beppe Wolgers. Pia alikuwa na uhusiano wa kifamilia na [[mwanamuziki]] Stefan Bogstedt<ref>https://www.modernamuseet.se/sv/stockholm/utstallningar/staden-som-livsrum1/biografier/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 1k4ber53l5az84lvkhxyzm9mx7v0iei 1613759 1613750 2026-11-05T14:11:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1613759 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ernfrid Bogstedt, 1940-tal.jpg|thumb|Ernfrid Bogstedt]] '''Oskar Ernfrid Bogstedt''' (8 Januari [[1908]] – 17 Agosti [[1989]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Bogstedt aliwahi kufanya maonyesho ya [[sanaa]] pamoja na Beppe Wolgers. Pia alikuwa na uhusiano wa kifamilia na [[mwanamuziki]] Stefan Bogstedt<ref>https://www.modernamuseet.se/sv/stockholm/utstallningar/staden-som-livsrum1/biografier/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Uswidi]] 0noh35c8839ncu5v0z1zwujuv03o462 0 256812 1613753 2026-11-05T13:45:35Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isabelle Djibgodi Améganvi Manavi''' (amezaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1961]] Kpalimé)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isabelle Manavi Djigbodi Ameganvi {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/5137/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.africa-confidential.com |language=en}}</ref>[[Togo]], ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Togo]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa bunge la Togo mwaka 2007. alichaguliwa tena kuwa mjumbe...' 1613753 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabelle Djibgodi Améganvi Manavi''' (amezaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1961]] Kpalimé)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isabelle Manavi Djigbodi Ameganvi {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/5137/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.africa-confidential.com |language=en}}</ref>[[Togo]], ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Togo]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa bunge la Togo mwaka 2007. alichaguliwa tena kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Kitaifa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/413724/1/togolese-women-declare-sex-strike-to-get.html|title=Togolese women declare sex strike to get protest backing|newspaper=Modern Ghana|date=26 August 2012|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=voa>{{Cite news|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/togo-women-sex-strike/1496144.html|title=Togo Opposition Leaders Call for Week-Long Sex Strike|last=Butty|first=James|newspaper=VOA|date=27 August 2012|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=cnn>[https://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/26/world/africa/togo-sex-strike/index.html "Togo opposition vows sex strike amid anti-government protests"], ''CNN Online'', 26 August 2012. Accessed 23 October 2016.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Togo]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Togo]] orb7ffqk8olaon1zj26m8wijl3tdgfg 1614014 1613753 2026-11-05T20:35:36Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614014 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isabelle Djibgodi Améganvi Manavi''' (amezaliwa [[3 Septemba]], [[1961]] Kpalimé)<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Isabelle Manavi Djigbodi Ameganvi {{!}} Profile {{!}} Africa Confidential |url=https://www.africa-confidential.com/profile/id/5137/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.africa-confidential.com |language=en}}</ref>[[Togo]], ni wakili na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Togo]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa bunge la Togo mwaka 2007. alichaguliwa tena kuwa mjumbe wa Bunge la Kitaifa.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/413724/1/togolese-women-declare-sex-strike-to-get.html|title=Togolese women declare sex strike to get protest backing|newspaper=Modern Ghana|date=26 August 2012|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=voa>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/togo-women-sex-strike/1496144.html|title=Togo Opposition Leaders Call for Week-Long Sex Strike|last=Butty|first=James|newspaper=VOA|date=27 August 2012|access-date=23 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=cnn>[https://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/26/world/africa/togo-sex-strike/index.html "Togo opposition vows sex strike amid anti-government protests"], ''CNN Online'', 26 August 2012. Accessed 23 October 2016.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1961|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Togo]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Togo]] 6i39jzrg9u7954p8hpvwxszx4u88jny 0 256813 1613754 2026-11-05T13:51:01Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emma Wareus''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Julai]], [[1990]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana |title=Emma Wareus - Miss Botswana |access-date=2010-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023231610/http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana/ |archive-date=2010-10-23 }}</ref>ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Botswana]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo, aliyetawazwa kuwa Miss Botswana mw...' 1613754 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Wareus''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Julai]], [[1990]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana |title=Emma Wareus - Miss Botswana |access-date=2010-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023231610/http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana/ |archive-date=2010-10-23 }}</ref>ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Botswana]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo, aliyetawazwa kuwa Miss Botswana mwaka 2010 na kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya Miss World 2010, ambapo alishika nafasi ya pili (mshindi wa pili) tarehe 30 Oktoba 2010 mjini [[Sanya]], China. Hii ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na mwanamke kutoka nchini humo katika historia ya mashindano hayo, na pia ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na malkia wa urembo wa [[Botswana]] tangu Mpule Kwelagobe aliposhinda taji la Miss Universe 1999. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Botswana]] t1jmkg1sjxhs2dyiolizbqiip0ammis 1613755 1613754 2026-11-05T13:51:54Z Praygod mwanga 39272 1613755 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Wareus''' (amezaliwa [[28 Julai]], [[1990]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana |title=Emma Wareus - Miss Botswana |access-date=2010-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023231610/http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana/ |archive-date=2010-10-23 }}</ref>ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Botswana]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo, aliyetawazwa kuwa Miss Botswana mwaka 2010 na kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya Miss World 2010, ambapo alishika nafasi ya pili (mshindi wa pili) tarehe 30 Oktoba 2010 mjini [[Sanya]], China. Hii ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na mwanamke kutoka nchini humo katika historia ya mashindano hayo, na pia ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na malkia wa urembo wa [[Botswana]] tangu Mpule Kwelagobe aliposhinda taji la Miss Universe 1999. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Botswana]] ft402gpmwnnwyqgh01mhk8yzcqqxk1q 1613983 1613755 2026-11-05T20:03:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1613983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Wareus''' (amezaliwa [[28 Julai]], [[1990]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana |title=Emma Wareus - Miss Botswana |access-date=2010-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023231610/http://pageantism.com/2010/09/16/emma-wareus-miss-botswana/ |archive-date=2010-10-23 }}</ref>ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Botswana]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo, aliyetawazwa kuwa Miss Botswana mwaka 2010 na kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya Miss World 2010, ambapo alishika nafasi ya pili (mshindi wa pili) tarehe 30 Oktoba 2010 mjini [[Sanya]], China. Hii ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na mwanamke kutoka nchini humo katika historia ya mashindano hayo, na pia ndiyo nafasi ya juu zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na malkia wa urembo wa [[Botswana]] tangu Mpule Kwelagobe aliposhinda taji la Miss Universe 1999. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Botswana]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Botswana]] ixrr68i947tseo85m4w297ac43wqj2o 0 256814 1613757 2026-11-05T13:56:48Z Praygod mwanga 39272 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rosemary Museminali''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1962]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Rwanda]], ambaye kwa sasa anafanya kazi katika Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) kama mwakilishi wa shirika hilo katika [[African Union]] na United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.<ref name="NewTimes2008A">{{cite news |last=Kagabo |first=Frank |date=8 March 2008 |title=Ministers promoted: who's who |newspaper=The New Times (Rwanda)|...' 1613757 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosemary Museminali''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1962]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mwanadiplomasia kutoka [[Rwanda]], ambaye kwa sasa anafanya kazi katika Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) kama mwakilishi wa shirika hilo katika [[African Union]] na United Nations Economic Commission for Africa.<ref name="NewTimes2008A">{{cite news |last=Kagabo |first=Frank |date=8 March 2008 |title=Ministers promoted: who's who |newspaper=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2008-03-08/78481/ |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="UNAIDS">{{cite web |title=Rosemary Museminali, Representative to the AU and UNECA, UNAIDS |work=[[UNAIDS]] |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsleadership/bios/rosemarymuseminali |access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1962|}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Rwanda]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Rwanda]] g94319o6qa701ohitdtnueqyjstz9k4 14 256815 1613760 2026-11-05T14:17:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:Magari]]' 1613760 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:Magari]] 8taespg5i32uzp0pa1ufmi78q67tyv6 14 256816 1613761 2026-11-05T14:20:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:magari]]' 1613761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:magari]] kcimx6ubx5ry8ahagm7eolvj0sewxlz 1613783 1613761 2026-11-05T14:38:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jamii:Kei cars]] hadi [[Jamii:Magari ya Kei]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613761 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:magari]] kcimx6ubx5ry8ahagm7eolvj0sewxlz 1613785 1613783 2026-11-05T14:39:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa umeelekezwa kwenda [[Jamii:Magari ya kei]] 1613785 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT[[Jamii:magari ya kei]] jy0ia21wvdexgnu7ecj5xrozqpg9u4k 14 256817 1613762 2026-11-05T14:21:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:watu wa Hispania|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|H]]' 1613762 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:watu wa Hispania|U]] [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|H]] e5xa10329fexpx3adrx1y6lat3ifeev 14 256818 1613763 2026-11-05T14:22:39Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:malori]]' 1613763 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:malori]] j1okecn51mfymo5hy157l6gaaec2zh5 14 256819 1613765 2026-11-05T14:23:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:magari]]' 1613765 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:magari]] kcimx6ubx5ry8ahagm7eolvj0sewxlz 14 256820 1613766 2026-11-05T14:24:41Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|L]] [[Jamii:watu wa Liberia|S]]' 1613766 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|L]] [[Jamii:watu wa Liberia|S]] 87xtx6jgai2iiu179v7psur80qmp935 14 256821 1613767 2026-11-05T14:25:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|N]] [[Jamii:watu wa Namibia|S]]' 1613767 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|N]] [[Jamii:watu wa Namibia|S]] gyhw1ot27937nub5wqfcy9fr512u647 14 256822 1613768 2026-11-05T14:26:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|J]] [[Jamii:watu wa Jamaika|U]]' 1613768 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|J]] [[Jamii:watu wa Jamaika|U]] pus1e604b6u589ogeyogn9ipyoj1vr7 14 256823 1613769 2026-11-05T14:26:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Mali|U]]' 1613769 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Mali|U]] 53e1sslo455tx6msyk74a3bunfeozld 14 256824 1613770 2026-11-05T14:27:08Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ucheki|U]]' 1613770 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ucheki|U]] d92jcva4mr2lc4p90y1ay50dt1ulcfn 14 256825 1613771 2026-11-05T14:27:26Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uganda|U]]' 1613771 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uganda|U]] b8jcra8brgls722fjir4fvb5gai125v 14 256826 1613772 2026-11-05T14:28:16Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:muziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:muziki wa dansi]]' 1613772 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:muziki wa Tanzania]] [[Jamii:muziki wa dansi]] evrhe7t48i0s3wtdb7gp8b3xyidfa1x 14 256827 1613773 2026-11-05T14:28:54Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|A]] [[Jamii:watu wa Austria|U]]' 1613773 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|A]] [[Jamii:watu wa Austria|U]] d2c271f1f7ffxxyb23lsrog6n6m6rdm 14 256828 1613774 2026-11-05T14:29:14Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|K]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kroatia|U]]' 1613774 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|K]] [[Jamii:watu wa Kroatia|U]] pccxp1kzjdiyw0vrp8c9z6jdcrq889x 14 256829 1613775 2026-11-05T14:29:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moroko|U]]' 1613775 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|M]] [[Jamii:watu wa Moroko|U]] 2cgkpu0zievpxmoeni2g6u8cyei3my5 14 256830 1613776 2026-11-05T14:30:06Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Senegal|U]]' 1613776 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanaume nchi kwa nchi|S]] [[Jamii:watu wa Senegal|U]] 21wn114p9aef442xl3z3yrqz0h58kw8 14 256831 1613777 2026-11-05T14:30:34Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanamitindo nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ureno|M]]' 1613777 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanamitindo nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Ureno|M]] lx7inunakedfb0dyndwsr2pna4ijfg2 14 256832 1613778 2026-11-05T14:32:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|A]] [[Jamii:watu wa Angola|S]]' 1613778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|A]] [[Jamii:watu wa Angola|S]] gl2ggdi02fqf9d2fpl7f9swrs453o4z 14 256833 1613779 2026-11-05T14:33:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Burkina Faso|S]]' 1613779 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|B]] [[Jamii:watu wa Burkina Faso|S]] k8d0t3fx5ycp56xcqam1lzss5gslc1u 14 256834 1613780 2026-11-05T14:34:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|E]] [[Jamii:watu wa Eswatini|S]]' 1613780 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|E]] [[Jamii:watu wa Eswatini|S]] nxdhc0p1wpbbn52jd5xi3s0a0u36n6m 14 256835 1613781 2026-11-05T14:35:28Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|L]] [[Jamii:watu wa Libya|S]]' 1613781 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|L]] [[Jamii:watu wa Libya|S]] 3xu2y2ci9od093xdmnnj8lmukny40cg 14 256836 1613782 2026-11-05T14:36:20Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uturuki|S]]' 1613782 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Jamii:wanasheria nchi kwa nchi|U]] [[Jamii:watu wa Uturuki|S]] ja2hmctqzm3e3c804sj40wm80307edh 14 256837 1613784 2026-11-05T14:38:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Jamii:Kei cars]] hadi [[Jamii:Magari ya Kei]]: jina la Kiswahili 1613784 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Jamii:Magari ya Kei]] s7pp3seemkh25zytqr6k3jd1a041w1t 1613786 1613784 2026-11-05T14:40:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Changed redirect target from [[Jamii:Magari ya Kei]] to [[Jamii:Magari ya kei]] 1613786 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:Jamii:Magari ya kei]] 3kzdacn76tlq0fncp6fh3n5aml4fpmp 0 256838 1613796 2026-11-05T15:17:02Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Curtis Aiken Sr.''' ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa chuo kikuu wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kwa sasa ni mchambuzi wa redio kwa timu ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Pitt Panthers. Alikuwa nahodha wa Pitt mara mbili na alifunga pointi 1,200 kwa timu hiyo, na alishikilia rekodi ya asilimia ya shuti la uwanjani ya msimu mmoja wa shule hiyo kuanzia 1986 hadi 1989 .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1811151866|url-access=subsc...' 1613796 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Curtis Aiken Sr.''' ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa chuo kikuu wa [[Marekani]] ambaye kwa sasa ni mchambuzi wa redio kwa timu ya mpira wa kikapu ya wanaume ya Pitt Panthers. Alikuwa nahodha wa Pitt mara mbili na alifunga pointi 1,200 kwa timu hiyo, na alishikilia rekodi ya asilimia ya shuti la uwanjani ya msimu mmoja wa shule hiyo kuanzia 1986 hadi 1989 .<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1811151866|url-access=subscription|id={{ProQuest|1811151866}}|title=Masten Boys & Girls Club alumni return to dedicate basketball court|work=Tribune Content Agency Regional News|publisher=[[The Buffalo News]]|page=|accessdate=April 3, 2023|date=August 14, 2016}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1964]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0j1hecjurt5thi7hbwdjvvzmixbc2bn 0 256839 1613801 2026-11-05T15:28:49Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Morgan Hikaru Aiken''' ( alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu mwenye asili ya [[Japani]] na [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Guam]]. Alicheza katika ligi ya B.League ya [[Japani]]. Aiken ni mwanafunzi wa kwanza wa kuhitimu kutoka shule ya upili ya Guam kusaini mkataba wa kitaalamu wa kucheza mpira wa kikapu nje ya nchi .<ref>[https://www.bleague.jp B.League Official Page]</ref><ref>[https://www.postguam.com/spo...' 1613801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morgan Hikaru Aiken''' ( alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu mwenye asili ya [[Japani]] na [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Guam]]. Alicheza katika ligi ya B.League ya [[Japani]]. Aiken ni mwanafunzi wa kwanza wa kuhitimu kutoka shule ya upili ya Guam kusaini mkataba wa kitaalamu wa kucheza mpira wa kikapu nje ya nchi .<ref>[https://www.bleague.jp B.League Official Page]</ref><ref>[https://www.postguam.com/sports/local/aiken-gains-experience-in-second-pro-season/article_a5a6bc8c-b80b-11e6-8cd8-7fe3a3da2210.html Sign Pro Deal Year 2]</ref><ref>[https://www.bleague.jp Japan Basketball League]</ref> == Kazi ya Shule ya Upili == Aiken alizaliwa Honolulu, [[Hawaii]] na alihamia Guam mwaka 2009. Alisoma Shule ya Kikristo ya Saint Paul huko Guam. Mwaka 2010, akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa pili, alikuwa mchezaji pekee wa mwaka huo kuchaguliwa kwenye timu ya All-Island (timu ya pili) katika Ligi ya Shule za Upili ya Guam IIAAG. Mwaka 2011, akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa tatu, alishinda ubingwa wa jimbo, alichaguliwa kwenye First Team All-Island na alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya Slam Dunk yaliyofanyika katika Mashindano ya Far East huko Japani.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gspn.crankindonline.com/2014/micro-memories-capturing-six/ |title=Micronesian Games Gold Captured |access-date=2017-08-28 |archive-date=2017-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828195804/http://gspn.crankindonline.com/2014/micro-memories-capturing-six/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kazi ya Chuo Kikuu == Baada ya kuhitimu, Aiken alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Eastern huko [[Pennsylvania]] na alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa NCAA kwa msimu mmoja. Mwaka uliofuata alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko El Paso (UTEP) kwa nafasi ya kucheza kama mchezaji wa kujitolea (walk-on). Hata hivyo, hakufuzu kutokana na ukosefu wa mikopo (credits) .<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUn31mvZEy23IdoRtM1qMg Official Morgan Aiken Youtube Channel]</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Aiken ni sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya Guam iliyoshinda medali ya dhahabu kwenye Michezo ya Micronesian ya 2014 . == Tuzo == - Medali ya Dhahabu ya Michezo ya Micronesian (2014) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d1ff4cryfwf0lbp7ncc98c7m3x3nzxu 1614070 1613801 2026-11-05T22:04:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614070 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Morgan Hikaru Aiken''' ( alizaliwa [[15 Julai]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu mwenye asili ya [[Japani]] na [[Marekani]] kutoka [[Guam]]. Alicheza katika ligi ya B.League ya [[Japani]]. Aiken ni mwanafunzi wa kwanza wa kuhitimu kutoka shule ya upili ya Guam kusaini mkataba wa kitaalamu wa kucheza mpira wa kikapu nje ya nchi .<ref>[https://www.bleague.jp B.League Official Page]</ref><ref>[https://www.postguam.com/sports/local/aiken-gains-experience-in-second-pro-season/article_a5a6bc8c-b80b-11e6-8cd8-7fe3a3da2210.html Sign Pro Deal Year 2]</ref><ref>[https://www.bleague.jp Japan Basketball League]</ref> == Kazi ya Shule ya Upili == Aiken alizaliwa Honolulu, [[Hawaii]] na alihamia Guam mwaka 2009. Alisoma Shule ya Kikristo ya Saint Paul huko Guam. Mwaka 2010, akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa pili, alikuwa mchezaji pekee wa mwaka huo kuchaguliwa kwenye timu ya All-Island (timu ya pili) katika Ligi ya Shule za Upili ya Guam IIAAG. Mwaka 2011, akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa tatu, alishinda ubingwa wa jimbo, alichaguliwa kwenye First Team All-Island na alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya Slam Dunk yaliyofanyika katika Mashindano ya Far East huko Japani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://gspn.crankindonline.com/2014/micro-memories-capturing-six/ |title=Micronesian Games Gold Captured |access-date=2017-08-28 |archive-date=2017-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828195804/http://gspn.crankindonline.com/2014/micro-memories-capturing-six/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kazi ya Chuo Kikuu == Baada ya kuhitimu, Aiken alijiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Eastern huko [[Pennsylvania]] na alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa NCAA kwa msimu mmoja. Mwaka uliofuata alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Texas huko El Paso (UTEP) kwa nafasi ya kucheza kama mchezaji wa kujitolea (walk-on). Hata hivyo, hakufuzu kutokana na ukosefu wa mikopo (credits) .<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUUn31mvZEy23IdoRtM1qMg Official Morgan Aiken Youtube Channel]</ref> == Timu ya Taifa == Aiken ni sehemu ya timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya Guam iliyoshinda medali ya dhahabu kwenye Michezo ya Micronesian ya 2014 . == Tuzo == - Medali ya Dhahabu ya Michezo ya Micronesian (2014) == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] slb7os66l6w26bzfmkftemxd0wbq1t8 0 256840 1613805 2026-11-05T15:37:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Miles Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[27 Desemba]] [[1941]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu wa [[Marekani]], kocha wa timu ya Olimpiki ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Uingereza]] na mtangazaji wa michezo ya mpira wa kikapu na mpira wa miguu wa Marekani<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2gVAAAAIAAJ&q=%22miles+aiken%22+basketball |volume=33|title=Scholastic Voice|publisher= Scholastic Magazine |year=1962 |accessdate=August 21...' 1613805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miles Aiken''' (alizaliwa [[27 Desemba]] [[1941]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu wa [[Marekani]], kocha wa timu ya Olimpiki ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Uingereza]] na mtangazaji wa michezo ya mpira wa kikapu na mpira wa miguu wa Marekani<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2gVAAAAIAAJ&q=%22miles+aiken%22+basketball |volume=33|title=Scholastic Voice|publisher= Scholastic Magazine |year=1962 |accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="google2385">{{cite journal|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xchIAAAAIBAJ&pg=2385,895750&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=TB Sidelines 2nd St. Bonnies Star|publisher=Meriden Journal |date= May 9, 1961|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="google2886">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t5RDAAAAIBAJ&pg=2886,3309198&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=St. Bonaventure is 5th Team to Accept NIT Bid|newspaper=Williamson Daily News |date=February 20, 1964 |accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref>. == Maisha ya Awali == Aiken alizaliwa [[New York]] na alikulia katika kitongoji cha Harlem huko [[Manhattan]], akicheza mpira wa kikapu kwenye viwanja vya michezo vya eneo hilo .<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Kh8rAAAAIBAJ&pg=4294,2822966&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=Akron Passers Retain Title |newspaper=Reading Eagle |date=January 7, 1968 |accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> == Kazi ya Chuo Kikuu == Aiken alisoma Chuo Kikuu cha St. Bonaventure huko New York, na alicheza kama center kwa timu yao ya mpira wa kikapu. Akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa kwanza msimu wa 1960–61, alifikia wastani wa zaidi ya pointi 20 kwa mchezo. == Kazi ya Kitaaluma == Aiken hakuchaguliwa katika drafti ya [[NBA]] ya 1964, hivyo alikwenda [[Ulaya]] kucheza mpira wa kikapu. Alitumia kifaa cha msaada kwenye goti lake lililojeruhiwa .<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=q2YiAAAAIBAJ&pg=3499,7416332&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |author=Sheldon Sakowitz|title=Duquesne Takes 6th Straight|publisher=The Owosso Argus-Press |date= December 1, 1961 |accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wv8xAAAAIBAJ&pg=6116,5159006&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=K-State Spanks St. Louis Club for 2nd Win|newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World |date= December 8, 1961|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Oy1AAAAAIBAJ&pg=5175,3304694&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=Bonnies Roll Past Xavier Five, 79–57 |newspaper=Youngstown Vindicator |date= December 10, 1961|accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=NOgrAAAAIBAJ&pg=2200,7826489&dq=miles-aiken&hl=en |title=Topper Quintet Romps, in Home Floor Debut |newspaper=Kentucky New Era |date= December 13, 1961 |accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1941]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tcwzyozyj4awzsyqo5m80hmldrp03r1 0 256841 1613809 2026-11-05T15:45:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''James Joseph Ailinger''' ([[10 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[27 Machi]] [[2001]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa meno, mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]] kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Buffalo.<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0jkiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZqwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1482,2419432&dq=jim+ailinger&hl=en He tackled Jim Thorpe]," ''The Argus-Press'' - January 30, 1998.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] Ja...' 1613809 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Joseph Ailinger''' ([[10 Julai]] [[1901]] – [[27 Machi]] [[2001]]) alikuwa [[daktari]] wa meno, mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]] kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Buffalo.<ref>"[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0jkiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZqwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1482,2419432&dq=jim+ailinger&hl=en He tackled Jim Thorpe]," ''The Argus-Press'' - January 30, 1998.</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1901]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2001]] 75ui6afswdv2jm4w06eaq52un6rjy52 0 256842 1613812 2026-11-05T15:48:25Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jonas Parker Aidoo''' (alizaliwa [[10 Desemba]] [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayechezea timu ya Salt Lake City Stars katika ligi ya [[NBA]] G League. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Tennessee Volunteers na Arkansas Razorbacks.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tait |first1=Matt |title=Will Kansas get back in the mix for Class of 2021 big man Jonas Aidoo, who decommitted from Marquette this week? |url=https://www2.kusp...' 1613812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jonas Parker Aidoo''' (alizaliwa [[10 Desemba]] [[2002]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]] anayechezea timu ya Salt Lake City Stars katika ligi ya [[NBA]] G League. Alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Tennessee Volunteers na Arkansas Razorbacks.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tait |first1=Matt |title=Will Kansas get back in the mix for Class of 2021 big man Jonas Aidoo, who decommitted from Marquette this week? |url=https://www2.kusports.com/weblogs/tale-tait/2021/mar/30/will-kansas-get-back-in-the-mix-for-clas/ |website=KU Sports |date=30 March 2021 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vols land top-10 center for 2021 class |url=https://www.wbir.com/article/sports/college/vols/vols-land-top-10-center-for-2021-class/51-5e0ee1ee-0f42-4151-afe4-bb37d647546d |website=WBIR.com |date=14 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2002]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5fr51ohkg3c4cxq157luotlof2mvg4b 0 256843 1613815 2026-11-05T15:52:24Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arthur Agee Jr.''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1972]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wawili wa mpira wa kikapu wa eneo la Chicago ambao maisha yao yalirekodiwa katika filamu ya maandishi ya mwaka 1994 iitwayo ''Hoop Dreams''. Agee alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Arkansas State Red Wolves na kitaalamu akiwa na Winnipeg Cyclone ya International Basketball Association.<ref name="site"...' 1613815 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Agee Jr.''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1972]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] nchini [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wawili wa mpira wa kikapu wa eneo la Chicago ambao maisha yao yalirekodiwa katika filamu ya maandishi ya mwaka 1994 iitwayo ''Hoop Dreams''. Agee alicheza mpira wa kikapu wa chuo kikuu kwa Arkansas State Red Wolves na kitaalamu akiwa na Winnipeg Cyclone ya International Basketball Association.<ref name="site">{{cite web|author=Arthur Agee|url=http://dreamsofhooping.weebly.com/arthur-agee.html|title=web site |publisher=weebly.com |date= |accessdate=June 19, 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Agee alizaliwa [[Chicago, Illinois]], akiwa mtoto wa pili na mwana wa kwanza wa Arthur "Bo" Agee Sr. na Sheila Agee. Alikulia upande wa kaskazini wa eneo la Chicago karibu na mahali William Gates, nyota mwingine wa ''Hoop Dreams'', aliishi. Kufikia wakati filamu ilipoanza kurekodiwa, familia ya Agee ilikuwa imehamia kitongoji cha West Garfield Park, ambacho kilibaki nyumbani kwa Agee hadi alipohitimu. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka shule ya msingi mwaka 1987, aligunduliwa na Earl Smith, msumbufu wa talanta wa muda, ambaye alishawishi familia ya Agee kumpeleka Agee shule ya upili ya St. Joseph, shule ya kibinafsi ya kitongoji yenye watu wengi weupe<ref name="Broken Dreams">{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/2004/07/05/looking-back-at-broken-dreams/283e35ca-0021-4d03-b95a-2cfb46492163/ | title=Looking Back At Broken 'Dreams' (washingtonpost.com) | work=washingtonpost.com | author= | date=July 5, 2004 | accessdate=September 23, 2023 }} </ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Arthur Agee minor league basketball statistics |url=https://www.statscrew.com/minorbasketball/stats/p-ageeart001 |website=Stats Crew |access-date=August 31, 2023}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] t1qficr5oxmd4htm2iimz1seu1kl3dz 0 256844 1613816 2026-11-05T15:56:53Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Danny Akintunde Agbelese''' (alizaliwa [[14 Aprili]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu mwenye asili ya [[Marekani]] na [[Nigeria]]. Alichezea timu ya Palmer Basket katika ligi ya Primera FEB ya [[Hispania]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa MVP wa Kombe la Super Cup la [[Ugiriki]] mwaka [[2020]] .<ref>[https://www.pianetabasket.com/en/danny-agbelese-a-new-player-of-gipuzkoa-141418 Danny Agbelese a new player of Gipuzkoa.]</ref> == Marejeo == {...' 1613816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danny Akintunde Agbelese''' (alizaliwa [[14 Aprili]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kitaalamu mwenye asili ya [[Marekani]] na [[Nigeria]]. Alichezea timu ya Palmer Basket katika ligi ya Primera FEB ya [[Hispania]]. Alichaguliwa kuwa MVP wa Kombe la Super Cup la [[Ugiriki]] mwaka [[2020]] .<ref>[https://www.pianetabasket.com/en/danny-agbelese-a-new-player-of-gipuzkoa-141418 Danny Agbelese a new player of Gipuzkoa.]</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 9m9mvu77ir31psju719bl1yicth7xpl 0 256845 1613817 2026-11-05T16:00:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Matthew Alexander "Matt" Aitch Jr.''' ([[21 Septemba]] [[1944]] – [[4 Aprili]] [[2007]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alicheza msimu mmoja katika American Basketball Association (ABA) akiwa na Indiana Pacers .<ref name=lsj67>{{cite news |title=JC Helped Aitch 2 Ways |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/207330137/ |access-date=November 30, 2023 |work=Lansing State Journal |date=January 12, 1967 |page...' 1613817 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Matthew Alexander "Matt" Aitch Jr.''' ([[21 Septemba]] [[1944]] – [[4 Aprili]] [[2007]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]] ambaye alicheza msimu mmoja katika American Basketball Association (ABA) akiwa na Indiana Pacers .<ref name=lsj67>{{cite news |title=JC Helped Aitch 2 Ways |url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/207330137/ |access-date=November 30, 2023 |work=Lansing State Journal |date=January 12, 1967 |page=41}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1944]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] ki64bi7i379ye9ihbwqrg6zsv3ur50o 0 256846 1613846 2026-11-05T16:33:50Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Daniel Ray Ainge''' (alizaliwa [[17 Machi]] [[1959]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa kikapu na baseball wa [[Marekani]], kocha, na mtendaji. Kwa sasa ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (CEO) wa Utah Jazz katika [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani]] (NBA). Wakati wa kazi yake ya miaka 18 kama meneja mkuu wa Boston Celtics, Ainge alijulikana kwa kufanya maamuzi makubwa ya kusaidia timu kujenga upya na kuachilia nafasi ya malipo.<ref>[https://vault.si.com/vault/19...' 1613846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Ray Ainge''' (alizaliwa [[17 Machi]] [[1959]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa mpira wa kikapu na baseball wa [[Marekani]], kocha, na mtendaji. Kwa sasa ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (CEO) wa Utah Jazz katika [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani]] (NBA). Wakati wa kazi yake ya miaka 18 kama meneja mkuu wa Boston Celtics, Ainge alijulikana kwa kufanya maamuzi makubwa ya kusaidia timu kujenga upya na kuachilia nafasi ya malipo.<ref>[https://vault.si.com/vault/1979/01/29/a-double-danny-dandy-byu-with-sophomore-guard-shortstop-danny-ainge-beat-utah-with-sophomore-forward-danny-vranes-to-win-wasatch-bragging-rights-and-the-wac-lead Jares, Joe. "A double Danny dandy," ''Sports Illustrated'', January 29, 1979.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413144820/https://vault.si.com/vault/1979/01/29/a-double-danny-dandy-byu-with-sophomore-guard-shortstop-danny-ainge-beat-utah-with-sophomore-forward-danny-vranes-to-win-wasatch-bragging-rights-and-the-wac-lead |date=April 13, 2021 }} Retrieved December 24, 2020</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3audsqdh9ry7yo8w5rgreqzksgeq01b 0 256847 1613847 2026-11-05T16:39:53Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Stanley "Stan" Albeck''' ([[17 Mei]] [[1931]] – [[25 Machi]] [[2021]]) alikuwa kocha wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifundisha timu kadhaa katika American Basketball Association (ABA) na [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani]] (NBA), ikiwemo Denver Rockets, San Diego Conquistadors (mara nyingi akichukua nafasi ya Wilt Chamberlain aliyekuwa hayupo), Cleveland Cavaliers, San Antonio Spurs, New Jersey Nets, na Chicago Bull...' 1613847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Stanley "Stan" Albeck''' ([[17 Mei]] [[1931]] – [[25 Machi]] [[2021]]) alikuwa kocha wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alifundisha timu kadhaa katika American Basketball Association (ABA) na [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani]] (NBA), ikiwemo Denver Rockets, San Diego Conquistadors (mara nyingi akichukua nafasi ya Wilt Chamberlain aliyekuwa hayupo), Cleveland Cavaliers, San Antonio Spurs, New Jersey Nets, na Chicago Bulls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bradley Great Stan Albeck '55 Passes Away |url=https://bradleybraves.com/news/2021/3/26/mens-basketball-bradley-great-stan-albeck-55-passes-away.aspx |website=Bradley University |access-date=November 22, 2024 |date=March 26, 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}}u}} [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1931]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2021]] bacm9flnnx9u40k5osbnmcqy2sl5ot3 1 256848 1613863 2026-11-05T17:23:29Z ~2026-58748-11 93744 /* aide */ mjadala mpya 1613863 wikitext text/x-wiki == aide == bonsoir Monsieur Roi de la paix, je suis votre compatriote, je vis ici. bunia [[Maalum:Michango/~2026-58748-11|~2026-58748-11]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:~2026-58748-11|talk]]) 17:23, 5 Novemba 2026 (UTC) a6krq5o54i8h82m9dbauhmwu0jy8su1 0 256849 1613881 2026-11-05T17:49:14Z Score Beethoven 26647 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '{{Sanduku la Habari la Mhusika | jina = Ayo | picha = [[Picha:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|220px]] | maelezo ya picha = Ayo, maskoti ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2026 | aliyebuni = Ndeye Mariama Diop }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti rasmi ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya 2026. Michezo hiyo inafanyika [[Dakar]], [[Diamniadio]] na [[Saly Portudal|Saly]], nchini [[Senegal]]. Ayo ni [[simba]] mdogo. Anawakilisha furaha na nguvu ya vijana wa Sene...' 1613881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku la Habari la Mhusika | jina = Ayo | picha = [[Picha:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|220px]] | maelezo ya picha = Ayo, maskoti ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2026 | aliyebuni = Ndeye Mariama Diop }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti rasmi ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya 2026. Michezo hiyo inafanyika [[Dakar]], [[Diamniadio]] na [[Saly Portudal|Saly]], nchini [[Senegal]]. Ayo ni [[simba]] mdogo. Anawakilisha furaha na nguvu ya vijana wa Senegal. == Maana ya jina == Jina Ayo linatoka katika lugha ya [[Kiyoruba]]. Kiyoruba ni lugha inayozungumzwa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. Ayo maana yake ni "furaha".<ref name="ioc">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Uundaji == [[Picha:La mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Blaise Senghor 05.jpg|thumb|left|Ayo mjini Dakar]] Kamati ya maandalizi ya michezo iliandaa shindano la kitaifa. Shindano hilo liliandaliwa pamoja na Wizara ya Elimu ya Taifa ya Senegal. Lilikuwa wazi kwa wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari. Takriban wanafunzi 500 walishiriki.<ref name="f3s">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://sport.education.sn/article/72 |title=Nom, inspiration, créatrices : tout savoir sur Ayo, la mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 ! |website=sport.education.sn |publisher=Fédération sénégalaise du sport scolaire |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mchoro wa Ayo ulibuniwa na Ndeye Mariama Diop. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa miaka 16. Jina Ayo lilipendekezwa na mwanafunzi mwingine wa miaka 18.<ref name="f3s"/> Ayo alizinduliwa tarehe 31 Oktoba 2025. Uzinduzi ulifanyika katika Grand Théâtre national mjini Dakar. Sherehe hiyo ilifanyika mwaka mmoja kabla ya michezo.<ref name="ioc"/><ref name="men">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.education.sn/posts/posts/ceremonie-officielle-de-devoilement-de-la-mascotte-des-jeux-olympiques-de-la-jeunesse-dakar-2026-fierte-nationale-et-genie-scolaire-a-lhonneur |title=Cérémonie officielle de dévoilement de la mascotte des Jeux Olympiques de la Jeunesse Dakar 2026 : fierté nationale et génie scolaire à l’honneur |website=education.sn |publisher=Ministère de l'Éducation nationale du Sénégal |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Maelezo == Ayo ni simba mdogo anayetabasamu. Anavaa tingandé. Tingandé ni kofia ya jadi ya [[Wafulani]]. Kofia hiyo inawakilisha hekima na heshima.<ref name="ioc"/> Ayo anavaa jezi nyeupe ya [[mpira wa miguu]]. Jezi hiyo ina nembo ya Dakar 2026. Ayo anavaa pia kaptula nyekundu, njano na kijani.<ref name="pdf">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://library.olympics.com/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=2955720&parentDocumentId=161818&skipCopyright=true&skipWatermark=true |title=Youth Olympic Games Mascots from Singapore 2010 to Dakar 2026 |website=library.olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2026-01-07 |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026 Dakar 2026] – ''olympics.com'' (kwa Kifaransa) {{Commons category|Ayo (Youth Olympic mascot 2026)}} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Michezo ya Olimpiki]] [[Jamii:Senegal]] dj5p5fnnyh5pgl2ox62u2rmexs3tg1t 1613894 1613881 2026-11-05T18:00:22Z Score Beethoven 26647 1613894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku la Habari la Mhusika | jina = Ayo | picha = [[Picha:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|220px]] | maelezo ya picha = Ayo, maskoti ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2026 | aliyebuni = Ndeye Mariama Diop }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti rasmi ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya 2026. Michezo hiyo inafanyika [[Dakar]], [[Diamniadio]] na [[Saly Portudal|Saly]], nchini [[Senegal]]. Ayo ni [[simba]] mdogo. Anawakilisha furaha na nguvu ya vijana wa Senegal. == Maana ya jina == Jina Ayo linatoka katika lugha ya [[Kiyoruba]]. Kiyoruba ni lugha inayozungumzwa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. Ayo maana yake ni "furaha".<ref name="ioc">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Uundaji == [[Picha:La mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Blaise Senghor 05.jpg|thumb|left|Ayo mjini Dakar]] Kamati ya maandalizi ya michezo iliandaa shindano la kitaifa. Shindano hilo liliandaliwa pamoja na Wizara ya Elimu ya Taifa ya Senegal. Lilikuwa wazi kwa wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari. Takriban wanafunzi 500 walishiriki.<ref name="f3s">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://sport.education.sn/article/72 |title=Nom, inspiration, créatrices : tout savoir sur Ayo, la mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 ! |website=sport.education.sn |publisher=Fédération sénégalaise du sport scolaire |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mchoro wa Ayo ulibuniwa na Ndeye Mariama Diop. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa miaka 16. Jina Ayo lilipendekezwa na mwanafunzi mwingine wa miaka 18.<ref name="f3s"/> Ayo alizinduliwa tarehe 31 Oktoba 2025. Uzinduzi ulifanyika katika Grand Théâtre national mjini Dakar. Sherehe hiyo ilifanyika mwaka mmoja kabla ya michezo.<ref name="ioc"/><ref name="soleil">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://lesoleil.sn/actualites/sports/joj-dakar-2026-diomaye-devoile-ayo-et-allume-la-flamme-de-la-mobilisation-nationale/ |title=JOJ Dakar 2026 : le Président Faye dévoile Ayo et allume la flamme de la mobilisation nationale |author=Oumar Boubacar Ndongo |website=Le Soleil |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Maelezo == Ayo ni simba mdogo anayetabasamu. Anavaa tingandé. Tingandé ni kofia ya jadi ya [[Wafulani]]. Kofia hiyo inawakilisha hekima na heshima.<ref name="ioc"/> Ayo anavaa jezi nyeupe ya [[mpira wa miguu]]. Jezi hiyo ina nembo ya Dakar 2026. Ayo anavaa pia kaptula nyekundu, njano na kijani.<ref name="pdf">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://library.olympics.com/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=2955720&parentDocumentId=161818&skipCopyright=true&skipWatermark=true |title=Youth Olympic Games Mascots from Singapore 2010 to Dakar 2026 |website=library.olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2026-01-07 |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026 Dakar 2026] – ''olympics.com'' (kwa Kifaransa) {{Commons category|Ayo (Youth Olympic mascot 2026)}} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Michezo ya Olimpiki]] [[Jamii:Senegal]] 3a3rfbtaky0w9559o67x0lhc9tsoa56 1614270 1613894 2026-11-06T11:49:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Viungo vya nje */ 1614270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Sanduku la Habari la Mhusika | jina = Ayo | picha = [[Picha:Ayo Mascotte Dakar 2026 (cropped).png|220px]] | maelezo ya picha = Ayo, maskoti ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Vijana ya 2026 | aliyebuni = Ndeye Mariama Diop }} '''Ayo''' ni maskoti rasmi ya [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya 2026. Michezo hiyo inafanyika [[Dakar]], [[Diamniadio]] na [[Saly Portudal|Saly]], nchini [[Senegal]]. Ayo ni [[simba]] mdogo. Anawakilisha furaha na nguvu ya vijana wa Senegal. == Maana ya jina == Jina Ayo linatoka katika lugha ya [[Kiyoruba]]. Kiyoruba ni lugha inayozungumzwa [[Afrika ya Magharibi]]. Ayo maana yake ni "furaha".<ref name="ioc">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.olympics.com/cio/news/j-365-dakar-2026-presente-ayo-sa-mascotte-officielle |title=J–365 : Dakar 2026 présente "Ayo", sa mascotte officielle |website=olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Uundaji == [[Picha:La mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 à Blaise Senghor 05.jpg|thumb|left|Ayo mjini Dakar]] Kamati ya maandalizi ya michezo iliandaa shindano la kitaifa. Shindano hilo liliandaliwa pamoja na Wizara ya Elimu ya Taifa ya Senegal. Lilikuwa wazi kwa wanafunzi wa shule za sekondari. Takriban wanafunzi 500 walishiriki.<ref name="f3s">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://sport.education.sn/article/72 |title=Nom, inspiration, créatrices : tout savoir sur Ayo, la mascotte des JOJ Dakar 2026 ! |website=sport.education.sn |publisher=Fédération sénégalaise du sport scolaire |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> Mchoro wa Ayo ulibuniwa na Ndeye Mariama Diop. Alikuwa mwanafunzi wa miaka 16. Jina Ayo lilipendekezwa na mwanafunzi mwingine wa miaka 18.<ref name="f3s"/> Ayo alizinduliwa tarehe 31 Oktoba 2025. Uzinduzi ulifanyika katika Grand Théâtre national mjini Dakar. Sherehe hiyo ilifanyika mwaka mmoja kabla ya michezo.<ref name="ioc"/><ref name="soleil">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://lesoleil.sn/actualites/sports/joj-dakar-2026-diomaye-devoile-ayo-et-allume-la-flamme-de-la-mobilisation-nationale/ |title=JOJ Dakar 2026 : le Président Faye dévoile Ayo et allume la flamme de la mobilisation nationale |author=Oumar Boubacar Ndongo |website=Le Soleil |date=2025-10-31 |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=fr}}</ref> == Maelezo == Ayo ni simba mdogo anayetabasamu. Anavaa tingandé. Tingandé ni kofia ya jadi ya [[Wafulani]]. Kofia hiyo inawakilisha hekima na heshima.<ref name="ioc"/> Ayo anavaa jezi nyeupe ya [[mpira wa miguu]]. Jezi hiyo ina nembo ya Dakar 2026. Ayo anavaa pia kaptula nyekundu, njano na kijani.<ref name="pdf">{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://library.olympics.com/digitalCollection/DigitalCollectionAttachmentDownloadHandler.ashx?documentId=2955720&parentDocumentId=161818&skipCopyright=true&skipWatermark=true |title=Youth Olympic Games Mascots from Singapore 2010 to Dakar 2026 |website=library.olympics.com |publisher=Comité international olympique |date=2026-01-07 |format=PDF |access-date=2026-11-05 |language=en}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.olympics.com/fr/dakar-2026 Dakar 2026] – ''olympics.com'' (kwa Kifaransa) {{Commons category|Ayo (Youth Olympic mascot 2026)}} {{Mbegu-michezo}} [[Jamii:Michezo ya Olimpiki]] p269wcqgnks7i63h2is535c0iyqp06i 0 256850 1614061 2026-11-05T21:30:08Z Fiston bamela 71503 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia’’’ ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anahudumu katika nyadhifa za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya mkoa wa [[Tshopo]], ambako amewahi kusimamia masuala ya Fedha pamoja na Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia alizaliwa tarehe 14 Oktoba 1976 mjini Kinshasa, kulingana na taarifa zilizochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI) katika orodha ya mwisho ya wago...' 1614061 wikitext text/x-wiki Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia’’’ ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anahudumu katika nyadhifa za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya mkoa wa [[Tshopo]], ambako amewahi kusimamia masuala ya Fedha pamoja na Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia alizaliwa tarehe 14 Oktoba 1976 mjini Kinshasa, kulingana na taarifa zilizochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI) katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 katika mkoa wa Tshopo. == Maisha ya kisiasa == === Nyadhifa za kwanza katika serikali ya mkoa === Mnamo Oktoba 2022, Patrick Asumani Magopia alikuwa miongoni mwa watu walioteuliwa katika serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Madeleine Nikomba Sabangu. Agizo lililotolewa na gavana wa mkoa lilimkabidhi majukumu ya Misitu, Mazingira, Kilimo, Uvuvi, Ufugaji, Utalii, Maendeleo ya Vijijini na Maendeleo Endelevu. Katika taarifa iliyochapishwa wakati huo, jina lake liliandikwa « Patrick Asumani Magopia », ambalo ni tofauti ya uandishi wa jina lililotumiwa katika machapisho yaliyofuata. Hata hivyo, utambulisho wa mtu mmoja kati ya majina hayo mawili bado unahitaji kuthibitishwa na chanzo rasmi. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia I === Mwaka 2024, alijiunga na serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga. Alikabidhiwa hasa usimamizi wa Fedha, Ufundi na Ujasiriamali, Viwanda, Uwekezaji, Ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na sekta binafsi pamoja na Usimamizi wa Mali za Serikali. === Usimamizi wa fedha za mkoa === Katika wadhifa wake wa Waziri wa Fedha wa mkoa, alishiriki hasa katika masuala ya ukusanyaji wa mapato ya umma na matumizi ya mifumo ya kidijitali katika kuboresha ukusanyaji wa kodi. Mnamo Julai 2025, katika mahojiano aliyoyatoa kwa Shirika la Habari la Kongo (ACP), alieleza jinsi mfumo wa kidijitali wa ukusanyaji wa mapato ulivyokuwa ukifanya kazi ndani ya Kurugenzi Kuu ya Mapato ya mkoa wa Tshopo. Alisema kuwa mfumo huo unasaidia kufuatilia shughuli za ukusanyaji wa mapato na kupunguza upotevu wa fedha za umma. Tarehe 27 Novemba 2025, aliwasilisha mbele ya Bunge la Mkoa ripoti ya utekelezaji wa bajeti ya mkoa kwa kipindi cha miezi sita ya kwanza ya mwaka. Kwa mujibu wa takwimu zilizotolewa wakati huo, mapato yaliyokusanywa yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 36,86, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,75 ya makadirio ya mapato kwa kipindi hicho. Matumizi yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 35,17, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,3. Uwasilishaji huo ulizua maswali kutoka kwa baadhi ya wabunge wa mkoa kuhusu ukusanyaji wa mapato na usimamizi wa fedha za umma. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II === Mnamo Februari 2026, wakati wa kuundwa kwa serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II, alibakizwa katika serikali na kupewa jukumu la Wizara ya Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Pia aliteuliwa kuwa waziri wa mkoa anayekaimu nafasi ya makamu wa rais, kwa mujibu wa taarifa iliyochapishwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Taifa la Kongo (RTNC). === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia III === Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026, gavana Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga alisaini agizo la kuunda serikali mpya ya mkoa iliyopewa jina la Lendongolia III. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia aliteuliwa kuongoza Wizara ya Fedha, Viwanda na Uwekezaji. == Kugombea uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 == Mnamo Aprili 2024, Patrick-Valançio Asumani Madropia alijumuishwa katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa nafasi ya seneta katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Aligombea kama mgombea huru, kwa mujibu wa waraka uliochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI). == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.ceni.cd/ Tovuti rasmi ya Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi] * [https://acp.cd/ Shirika la Habari la Kongo] 1akc7448ho253ssc9g4egnxge474yci 1614271 1614061 2026-11-06T11:50:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Utilisateur:Fiston bamela/Brouillon5]] hadi [[Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia]]: Misspelled title 1614061 wikitext text/x-wiki Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia’’’ ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anahudumu katika nyadhifa za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya mkoa wa [[Tshopo]], ambako amewahi kusimamia masuala ya Fedha pamoja na Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia alizaliwa tarehe 14 Oktoba 1976 mjini Kinshasa, kulingana na taarifa zilizochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI) katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 katika mkoa wa Tshopo. == Maisha ya kisiasa == === Nyadhifa za kwanza katika serikali ya mkoa === Mnamo Oktoba 2022, Patrick Asumani Magopia alikuwa miongoni mwa watu walioteuliwa katika serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Madeleine Nikomba Sabangu. Agizo lililotolewa na gavana wa mkoa lilimkabidhi majukumu ya Misitu, Mazingira, Kilimo, Uvuvi, Ufugaji, Utalii, Maendeleo ya Vijijini na Maendeleo Endelevu. Katika taarifa iliyochapishwa wakati huo, jina lake liliandikwa « Patrick Asumani Magopia », ambalo ni tofauti ya uandishi wa jina lililotumiwa katika machapisho yaliyofuata. Hata hivyo, utambulisho wa mtu mmoja kati ya majina hayo mawili bado unahitaji kuthibitishwa na chanzo rasmi. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia I === Mwaka 2024, alijiunga na serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga. Alikabidhiwa hasa usimamizi wa Fedha, Ufundi na Ujasiriamali, Viwanda, Uwekezaji, Ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na sekta binafsi pamoja na Usimamizi wa Mali za Serikali. === Usimamizi wa fedha za mkoa === Katika wadhifa wake wa Waziri wa Fedha wa mkoa, alishiriki hasa katika masuala ya ukusanyaji wa mapato ya umma na matumizi ya mifumo ya kidijitali katika kuboresha ukusanyaji wa kodi. Mnamo Julai 2025, katika mahojiano aliyoyatoa kwa Shirika la Habari la Kongo (ACP), alieleza jinsi mfumo wa kidijitali wa ukusanyaji wa mapato ulivyokuwa ukifanya kazi ndani ya Kurugenzi Kuu ya Mapato ya mkoa wa Tshopo. Alisema kuwa mfumo huo unasaidia kufuatilia shughuli za ukusanyaji wa mapato na kupunguza upotevu wa fedha za umma. Tarehe 27 Novemba 2025, aliwasilisha mbele ya Bunge la Mkoa ripoti ya utekelezaji wa bajeti ya mkoa kwa kipindi cha miezi sita ya kwanza ya mwaka. Kwa mujibu wa takwimu zilizotolewa wakati huo, mapato yaliyokusanywa yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 36,86, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,75 ya makadirio ya mapato kwa kipindi hicho. Matumizi yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 35,17, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,3. Uwasilishaji huo ulizua maswali kutoka kwa baadhi ya wabunge wa mkoa kuhusu ukusanyaji wa mapato na usimamizi wa fedha za umma. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II === Mnamo Februari 2026, wakati wa kuundwa kwa serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II, alibakizwa katika serikali na kupewa jukumu la Wizara ya Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Pia aliteuliwa kuwa waziri wa mkoa anayekaimu nafasi ya makamu wa rais, kwa mujibu wa taarifa iliyochapishwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Taifa la Kongo (RTNC). === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia III === Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026, gavana Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga alisaini agizo la kuunda serikali mpya ya mkoa iliyopewa jina la Lendongolia III. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia aliteuliwa kuongoza Wizara ya Fedha, Viwanda na Uwekezaji. == Kugombea uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 == Mnamo Aprili 2024, Patrick-Valançio Asumani Madropia alijumuishwa katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa nafasi ya seneta katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Aligombea kama mgombea huru, kwa mujibu wa waraka uliochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI). == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.ceni.cd/ Tovuti rasmi ya Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi] * [https://acp.cd/ Shirika la Habari la Kongo] 1akc7448ho253ssc9g4egnxge474yci 1614273 1614271 2026-11-06T11:52:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1614273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia''' (alizaliwa Kinshasa, 14 Oktoba 1976 <ref>kulingana na taarifa zilizochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI) katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 katika mkoa wa Tshopo.</ref>) ni mwanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Anahudumu katika nyadhifa za uwaziri ndani ya serikali ya [[mkoa wa Tshopo]], ambako amewahi kusimamia masuala ya Fedha pamoja na Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. == Maisha ya kisiasa == === Nyadhifa za kwanza katika serikali ya mkoa === Mnamo Oktoba 2022, Patrick Asumani Magopia alikuwa miongoni mwa watu walioteuliwa katika serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Madeleine Nikomba Sabangu. Agizo lililotolewa na gavana wa mkoa lilimkabidhi majukumu ya Misitu, Mazingira, Kilimo, Uvuvi, Ufugaji, Utalii, Maendeleo ya Vijijini na Maendeleo Endelevu. Katika taarifa iliyochapishwa wakati huo, jina lake liliandikwa « Patrick Asumani Magopia », ambalo ni tofauti ya uandishi wa jina lililotumiwa katika machapisho yaliyofuata. Hata hivyo, utambulisho wa mtu mmoja kati ya majina hayo mawili bado unahitaji kuthibitishwa na chanzo rasmi. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia I === Mwaka 2024, alijiunga na serikali ya mkoa iliyoongozwa na Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga. Alikabidhiwa hasa usimamizi wa Fedha, Ufundi na Ujasiriamali, Viwanda, Uwekezaji, Ushirikiano kati ya sekta ya umma na sekta binafsi pamoja na Usimamizi wa Mali za Serikali. === Usimamizi wa fedha za mkoa === Katika wadhifa wake wa Waziri wa Fedha wa mkoa, alishiriki hasa katika masuala ya ukusanyaji wa mapato ya umma na matumizi ya mifumo ya kidijitali katika kuboresha ukusanyaji wa kodi. Mnamo Julai 2025, katika mahojiano aliyoyatoa kwa Shirika la Habari la Kongo (ACP), alieleza jinsi mfumo wa kidijitali wa ukusanyaji wa mapato ulivyokuwa ukifanya kazi ndani ya Kurugenzi Kuu ya Mapato ya mkoa wa Tshopo. Alisema kuwa mfumo huo unasaidia kufuatilia shughuli za ukusanyaji wa mapato na kupunguza upotevu wa fedha za umma. Tarehe 27 Novemba 2025, aliwasilisha mbele ya Bunge la Mkoa ripoti ya utekelezaji wa bajeti ya mkoa kwa kipindi cha miezi sita ya kwanza ya mwaka. Kwa mujibu wa takwimu zilizotolewa wakati huo, mapato yaliyokusanywa yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 36,86, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,75 ya makadirio ya mapato kwa kipindi hicho. Matumizi yalifikia faranga za Kongo bilioni 35,17, sawa na kiwango cha utekelezaji cha asilimia 15,3. Uwasilishaji huo ulizua maswali kutoka kwa baadhi ya wabunge wa mkoa kuhusu ukusanyaji wa mapato na usimamizi wa fedha za umma. === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II === Mnamo Februari 2026, wakati wa kuundwa kwa serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia II, alibakizwa katika serikali na kupewa jukumu la Wizara ya Miundombinu, Ujenzi wa Umma na Ukarabati. Pia aliteuliwa kuwa waziri wa mkoa anayekaimu nafasi ya makamu wa rais, kwa mujibu wa taarifa iliyochapishwa na Shirika la Utangazaji la Taifa la Kongo (RTNC). === Serikali ya mkoa ya Lendongolia III === Tarehe 16 Aprili 2026, gavana Paulin Lendongolia Lebabonga alisaini agizo la kuunda serikali mpya ya mkoa iliyopewa jina la Lendongolia III. Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia aliteuliwa kuongoza Wizara ya Fedha, Viwanda na Uwekezaji. == Kugombea uchaguzi wa maseneta wa mwaka 2024 == Mnamo Aprili 2024, Patrick-Valançio Asumani Madropia alijumuishwa katika orodha ya mwisho ya wagombea wa nafasi ya seneta katika mkoa wa Tshopo. Aligombea kama mgombea huru, kwa mujibu wa waraka uliochapishwa na Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi (CENI). == Marejeo == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * [https://www.ceni.cd/ Tovuti rasmi ya Tume Huru ya Taifa ya Uchaguzi] * [https://acp.cd/ Shirika la Habari la Kongo] {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1976|}} [[Jamii:watu kutoka Kinshasa]] [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] edqwrg99f4pjtod0cnl159ssuh1z46f 0 256851 1614073 2026-11-05T22:17:03Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Amsale Aberra''' ([[1 Machi]], [[1954]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/amsale-aberra|title=Amsale Aberra's Biography|website=The HistoryMakers}}</ref> –1 Aprili 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/bridal-designer-amsale-group-founder-amsale-aberra-64-dies-1202642598/|title=Bridal Designer and Amsale Group Founder Amsale Aberra, 64, Dies|first1=Rosemary|last1=Feitelberg|date=2 April 2018|website=wwd.com}}<...' 1614073 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amsale Aberra''' ([[1 Machi]], [[1954]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/amsale-aberra|title=Amsale Aberra's Biography|website=The HistoryMakers}}</ref> –1 Aprili 2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/eye/people/bridal-designer-amsale-group-founder-amsale-aberra-64-dies-1202642598/|title=Bridal Designer and Amsale Group Founder Amsale Aberra, 64, Dies|first1=Rosemary|last1=Feitelberg|date=2 April 2018|website=wwd.com}}</ref>alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo na [[mjasiriamali]] mwenye asili ya [[Ethiopia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. Alijikita zaidi katika ubunifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[harusi]] ya haute couture, na duka lake kuu liko katika eneo la SOHO mjini [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cheakalos |first=Christina |url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20125076,00.html |title= Bright Light |work=People.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tadias.com/v1n1/v1n1/coverstory.html |title=Cover Story |publisher=Tadias |date= |accessdate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref name="nytimes2003">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/02/realestate/habitats-39th-street-ninth-avenue-home-business-grow-so-does-area.html |title=Habitats/39th Street and Ninth Avenue; Home and Business Grow, And So Does the Area |work=The New York Times |date=2003-03-02 |accessdate=2013-10-05 |first=Trish |last=Hall}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1954|2018}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rh3a1uynvvkkv3dvhh9mnl292k30s8e 0 256852 1614074 2026-11-05T22:23:28Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eva Danielle, Inc.''' ni chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Miami, Florida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms|title=High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune|date=2013-03-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-01-15...' 1614074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Danielle, Inc.''' ni chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Miami, Florida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms|title=High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune|date=2013-03-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref>Mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza ulitolewa mwezi Agosti 2005.<ref>[http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407230543/http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/ |date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 8yefgm65sfefzjlupglswh0rythh6r6 1614076 1614074 2026-11-05T22:28:41Z Christina Charles 71406 1614076 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Danielle, Inc.''' ni chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Miami, Florida]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms|title=High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune|date=2013-03-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref>Mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza ulitolewa mwezi Agosti 2005.<ref>[http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407230543/http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/ |date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] sko1eahz9z5pfium01t699f55ke0otr 1614169 1614076 2026-11-06T06:33:40Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614169 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eva Danielle, Inc.''' ni chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] yenye makao yake makuu mjini [[Miami, Florida]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fashion-/-cosmetics-/-jewellery/high-fashion-brand-eva-danielle-enters-india-with-a-store-in-pune/articleshow/18986111.cms|title=High fashion brand Eva Danielle enters India with a store in Pune|date=2013-03-15|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2019-01-15}}</ref>Mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza ulitolewa mwezi Agosti 2005.<ref>[http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407230543/http://sfla.wish.org/2011/08/11/i-wish-to-be-a-runway-model/ |date=April 7, 2012 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] a5rt92aas4l915h652yqypvuxhc6z8m 0 256853 1614075 2026-11-05T22:28:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bonnie Erickson''' (amezaliwa [[20 Septemba]], [[1941]]) ni mbunifu wa vikaragosi, mavazi, vifaa vya kuchezea na michoro wa Marekani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake na Jim Henson na The Muppets, ambapo ubunifu wake maarufu zaidi unajumuisha Miss Piggy, Statler and Waldorf, pamoja na kazi yake kama mshirika katika kampuni ya Harrison/Erickson; pia alibuni kinyago cha timu ya Major League Baseball, Phillie Phanatic.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Bri...' 1614075 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonnie Erickson''' (amezaliwa [[20 Septemba]], [[1941]]) ni mbunifu wa vikaragosi, mavazi, vifaa vya kuchezea na michoro wa Marekani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake na Jim Henson na The Muppets, ambapo ubunifu wake maarufu zaidi unajumuisha Miss Piggy, Statler and Waldorf, pamoja na kazi yake kama mshirika katika kampuni ya Harrison/Erickson; pia alibuni kinyago cha timu ya Major League Baseball, Phillie Phanatic.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Brian Jay|title=Jim Henson: The Biography|date=September 24, 2013|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0-345-52611-3|pages=186–187}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Traubman|first1=Eleanor|title=From Muppets to Mascots: The Incredible Journey of Bonnie Erickson|url=http://creativetimes.blogspot.com/2010/02/from-muppets-to-mascots-incredible_24.html|website=Creative Times|date=24 February 2010 |accessdate=7 July 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] jkjivt4svji3vxflyiz5aczdk2922ot 1614077 1614075 2026-11-05T22:29:30Z Christina Charles 71406 /* Marejeo */ 1614077 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonnie Erickson''' (amezaliwa [[20 Septemba]], [[1941]]) ni mbunifu wa vikaragosi, mavazi, vifaa vya kuchezea na michoro wa Marekani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kazi yake na Jim Henson na The Muppets, ambapo ubunifu wake maarufu zaidi unajumuisha Miss Piggy, Statler and Waldorf, pamoja na kazi yake kama mshirika katika kampuni ya Harrison/Erickson; pia alibuni kinyago cha timu ya Major League Baseball, Phillie Phanatic.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Brian Jay|title=Jim Henson: The Biography|date=September 24, 2013|publisher=Ballantine Books|isbn=978-0-345-52611-3|pages=186–187}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Traubman|first1=Eleanor|title=From Muppets to Mascots: The Incredible Journey of Bonnie Erickson|url=http://creativetimes.blogspot.com/2010/02/from-muppets-to-mascots-incredible_24.html|website=Creative Times|date=24 February 2010 |accessdate=7 July 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0zpj6l8ejsrqhkl74epxwamavhoz4wp 0 256854 1614079 2026-11-05T22:32:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Diana Eng''' (amezaliwa mjini [[Jacksonville, Florida]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwandishi]] na mtaalamu wa teknolojia ya mitindo mwenye asili ya Kichina na uraia wa Marekani, anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini New York. Anajulikana zaidi kama mshiriki katika msimu wa pili wa kipindi cha televisheni ya uhalisia kiitwacho ''Project Runway''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://projectrungay.blogspot.com/2009/03/dirty-diana.html|title=Dirty Diana|last=T...' 1614079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Eng''' (amezaliwa mjini [[Jacksonville, Florida]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwandishi]] na mtaalamu wa teknolojia ya mitindo mwenye asili ya Kichina na uraia wa Marekani, anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini New York. Anajulikana zaidi kama mshiriki katika msimu wa pili wa kipindi cha televisheni ya uhalisia kiitwacho ''Project Runway''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://projectrungay.blogspot.com/2009/03/dirty-diana.html|title=Dirty Diana|last=The Tom & Lorenzo Archives: 2006 -2011|date=2009-03-01|access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://designverb.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/diana-eng-fortune-cookie-coin-purse/|title=Diana Eng: Fortune Cookie Coin Purse|website=designverb|date=9 January 2011 |access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://seamless.sigtronica.org/2005/cast_crew.html|title=cast/crew|date=2005|website=seamless|access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 5vbea6m2mzjrxqfxxzkutnrfbcqlq25 1614166 1614079 2026-11-06T06:21:04Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Eng''' (amezaliwa mjini [[Jacksonville, Florida]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwandishi]] na mtaalamu wa teknolojia ya mitindo mwenye asili ya Kichina na uraia wa Marekani, anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini New York. Anajulikana zaidi kama mshiriki katika msimu wa pili wa kipindi cha televisheni ya uhalisia kiitwacho ''Project Runway''.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://projectrungay.blogspot.com/2009/03/dirty-diana.html|title=Dirty Diana|last=The Tom & Lorenzo Archives: 2006 -2011|date=2009-03-01|access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://designverb.wordpress.com/2011/01/09/diana-eng-fortune-cookie-coin-purse/|title=Diana Eng: Fortune Cookie Coin Purse|website=designverb|date=9 January 2011 |access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://seamless.sigtronica.org/2005/cast_crew.html|title=cast/crew|date=2005|website=seamless|access-date=2016-04-19}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] g25eheivh1ozg5lsa33h6d8sh3bdm66 0 256855 1614081 2026-11-05T22:44:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lauren Elaine''' (amezaliwa [[7 Novemba]], [[1983]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwigizaji]] na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Akiwa mbunifu, amewahi kushiriki kama mgeni katika kipindi cha ''America's Next Top Model''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lauren Elaine Black Label Spring 2010 Collection|url=https://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/lauren-elaine-black-label-spring-2010-collection-2347278|work=Women's Wear Daily|date=19 October 2009|access...' 1614081 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauren Elaine''' (amezaliwa [[7 Novemba]], [[1983]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwigizaji]] na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Akiwa mbunifu, amewahi kushiriki kama mgeni katika kipindi cha ''America's Next Top Model''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Lauren Elaine Black Label Spring 2010 Collection|url=https://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/lauren-elaine-black-label-spring-2010-collection-2347278|work=Women's Wear Daily|date=19 October 2009|accessdate=28 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=L.A. Fashion Week Fall '10: Lauren Elaine Black Label Collection|author=Andrew Asch|date=23 March 2010|url=http://www.apparelnews.net/fashion/news/032310-LA-Fashion-Week-Fall-10-Lauren-Elaine-Black-Label-Collection|website=California Apparel News|accessdate=28 December 2011}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 5l0bf8tsydoyv4skt11i2yhjy8wcp4y 0 256856 1614082 2026-11-05T22:47:46Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Florence Feinberg Eiseman''' ([[1899]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[mavazi]] ya [[watoto]]. Alianzisha [[biashara]] ya mavazi ya watoto ya '''Florence Eiseman''' mwaka 1945, ambayo baadaye ikawa mojawapo ya chapa kuu za mitindo katika jimbo la Wisconsin.<ref name=landis>{{cite news |last1=Landis |first1=Dylan |title=Tiny Giant |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-09-18-8503030370-st...' 1614082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Florence Feinberg Eiseman''' ([[1899]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika [[mavazi]] ya [[watoto]]. Alianzisha [[biashara]] ya mavazi ya watoto ya '''Florence Eiseman''' mwaka 1945, ambayo baadaye ikawa mojawapo ya chapa kuu za mitindo katika jimbo la Wisconsin.<ref name=landis>{{cite news |last1=Landis |first1=Dylan |title=Tiny Giant |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-09-18-8503030370-story.html |accessdate=25 April 2019 |work=Chicago Tribune |date=18 September 1985}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1899|1988}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] kl0cq3q26l7rpzbhpy5d68r2an09ja6 0 256857 1614083 2026-11-05T22:52:42Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Melody Ehsani''' (amezaliwa [[27 Machi]], [[1980]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake mjini [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=hypebae>{{cite web|url=https://hypebae.com/2021/12/melody-ehsani-streetwear-designer-los-angeles-editorial-interview-wellness-work-life-balance|title=Melody Ehsani on Designing the World Around Her|date=December 2021 }}</ref>Yeye ndiye mkurugenzi wa kwanza wa ubunifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] katika Foot...' 1614083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Melody Ehsani''' (amezaliwa [[27 Machi]], [[1980]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake mjini [[Los Angeles]].<ref name=hypebae>{{cite web|url=https://hypebae.com/2021/12/melody-ehsani-streetwear-designer-los-angeles-editorial-interview-wellness-work-life-balance|title=Melody Ehsani on Designing the World Around Her|date=December 2021 }}</ref>Yeye ndiye mkurugenzi wa kwanza wa ubunifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] katika Foot Locker, na ameshirikiana na kampuni kama vile [[Nike]] na [[Reebok]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fashionmagazine.com/style/melody-ehsani-foot-locker/|title=Here's How Melody Ehsani is Changing the Game at Foot Locker|date=June 2, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://investors.footlocker-inc.com/news-releases/news-release-details/foot-locker-names-melody-ehsani-creative-director-womens|title=Foot Locker Names Melody Ehsani Creative Director of Women's Business &#124; Foot Locker, Inc}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] dugsrmng7zhnphsvlu2cbvs2l47zxgt 0 256858 1614085 2026-11-05T22:59:18Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alison Eastwood''' (amezaliwa [[22 Mei]], [[1972]]) ni mwongozaji wa [[filamu]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Eastwood alizaliwa mwaka 1972 mjini [[Santa Monica, California]], akiwa binti wa mwalimu wa mazoezi ya viungo Margaret Neville Johnson (1931–2026<ref> {{cite web |title=Clint Eastwood’s First Wife Dead at 94 |url=https://parade.com/celebrities/clint-eastwoods-first-wife-dead-at-94 |website=Parade.com |access-date...' 1614085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alison Eastwood''' (amezaliwa [[22 Mei]], [[1972]]) ni mwongozaji wa [[filamu]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Eastwood alizaliwa mwaka 1972 mjini [[Santa Monica, California]], akiwa binti wa mwalimu wa mazoezi ya viungo Margaret Neville Johnson (1931–2026<ref> {{cite web |title=Clint Eastwood’s First Wife Dead at 94 |url=https://parade.com/celebrities/clint-eastwoods-first-wife-dead-at-94 |website=Parade.com |access-date=9 October 2026}}</ref>)na mwigizaji Clint Eastwood.<ref>[https://californiabirthindex.org/birth/alison_eastwood_born_1972_11597816 birth reference results from CaliforniaBirthIndex.org]</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Dupre|first=Elyse|date=July 24, 2024|url=https://www.eonline.com/news/1405341/a-guide-to-clint-eastwoods-sprawling-family|title=A Guide to Clint Eastwood's Sprawling Family|publisher=E! Online}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1972|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0b6jo4uk8zn2egd22u455kk5addcz7d 0 256859 1614086 2026-11-05T23:02:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lyn Devon''' ni mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[michezo]] ya kifahari ya [[Marekani]], anayefanya kazi mjini [[New York City]]. <ref name= "W">{{cite journal|last=Iredale|first=Jessica|title=Fresh Direct: Meet the new go-to designer for Manhattan's best dressed|journal=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=December 2008|pages=134, 136}}</ref>Ateliye yake iko katika eneo la Soho.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Klein|first=Julia M.|title=From Her Pencil to Your Closet|journal=Brow...' 1614086 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lyn Devon''' ni mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[michezo]] ya kifahari ya [[Marekani]], anayefanya kazi mjini [[New York City]]. <ref name= "W">{{cite journal|last=Iredale|first=Jessica|title=Fresh Direct: Meet the new go-to designer for Manhattan's best dressed|journal=[[W (magazine)|W]]|date=December 2008|pages=134, 136}}</ref>Ateliye yake iko katika eneo la Soho.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Klein|first=Julia M.|title=From Her Pencil to Your Closet|journal=Brown Alumni Magazine|date=November–December 2008|pages=52–53}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] bjxwqe2tedogo19edriuy74uqomu402 0 256860 1614090 2026-11-05T23:08:54Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Diana Dew''' ([[25 Juni]], [[1943]] – [[8 Februari]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyetambulika katika miaka ya 1960 kwa kuanzisha ubunifu wa vitambaa vya kielektroniki, vilivyojumuisha vipengele vya kielektroniki katika mavazi yanayovaliwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hoffmann |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PjgAwAAQBAJ |title=Fashion & Merchandising Fads |last2=Ramirez |first2=Beulah B. |da...' 1614090 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Dew''' ([[25 Juni]], [[1943]] – [[8 Februari]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyetambulika katika miaka ya 1960 kwa kuanzisha ubunifu wa vitambaa vya kielektroniki, vilivyojumuisha vipengele vya kielektroniki katika mavazi yanayovaliwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hoffmann |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PjgAwAAQBAJ |title=Fashion & Merchandising Fads |last2=Ramirez |first2=Beulah B. |date=2014-06-23 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-95291-6 |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Dew |first=Allen Powell |title=Book of Dew : the Dew surname in the United States with variations in spelling Dew, Due, Dewes, Dews |publisher=Allen Powell Dew |year=2018 |isbn=9781387544363 |pages=1067}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|2008}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 2lthhixf473qelnck06dyge6xbn16bm 1614165 1614090 2026-11-06T06:20:54Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614165 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diana Dew''' ([[25 Juni]], [[1943]] – [[8 Februari]], [[2008]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyetambulika katika miaka ya 1960 kwa kuanzisha ubunifu wa vitambaa vya kielektroniki, vilivyojumuisha vipengele vya kielektroniki katika mavazi yanayovaliwa.<ref name=":1">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Hoffmann |first=Frank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2PjgAwAAQBAJ |title=Fashion & Merchandising Fads |last2=Ramirez |first2=Beulah B. |date=2014-06-23 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-95291-6 |pages=73 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Dew |first=Allen Powell |title=Book of Dew : the Dew surname in the United States with variations in spelling Dew, Due, Dewes, Dews |publisher=Allen Powell Dew |year=2018 |isbn=9781387544363 |pages=1067}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1943|2008}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rknr2vdjyh6mof36rdiparfuz83mz5a 0 256861 1614091 2026-11-05T23:12:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laurel DeWitt''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na [[msanii]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake mjini [[Los Angeles]]. Hubuni na kutengeneza kwa mikono mataji ya chuma na mapambo ya kichwani, mavazi ya chuma, usakinishaji wa [[sanaa]] na kazi za maonyesho ya kisanii.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olivero |first1=Simone |title=Meet the artist behind Beyonce's incredible metal crown |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/meet-the-artist-behind-beyonces-incredible-metal-...' 1614091 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laurel DeWitt''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na [[msanii]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake mjini [[Los Angeles]]. Hubuni na kutengeneza kwa mikono mataji ya chuma na mapambo ya kichwani, mavazi ya chuma, usakinishaji wa [[sanaa]] na kazi za maonyesho ya kisanii.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Olivero |first1=Simone |title=Meet the artist behind Beyonce's incredible metal crown |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/meet-the-artist-behind-beyonces-incredible-metal-170056909.html |work=[[Yahoo!]] News |date=April 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Hahn |first1=Rachel |title=Cardi B One-Ups Offset's Love of Bling on Her New "Money" Artwork |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/cardi-b-new-song-money-single-watch-gloves-christian-cowan-kollin-carter-stylist |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]] |date=23 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Starling |first1=Lakin |title=Normani Knows That She's the Shit |url=https://www.allure.com/story/normani-cover-interview-september-2021 |work=[[Allure (magazine)|Allure]] |date=10 August 2021}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] g61l4j01bl4aguehjg3m1vpb1s4fcvn 0 256862 1614092 2026-11-05T23:16:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emma Domb''' ([[1896]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeunda [[mavazi]] ya kike kwa ajili ya hafla mbalimbali, akizingatia kuyafanya yaweze kumudu kununuliwa na watu wengi. Kampuni yake, Domb Manufacturing Company, ilizalisha [[gauni]] za [[harusi]] na magauni ya sherehe za mahafali kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1980.<ref name = "VFG">{{cite web |title=Domb, Emma |url=https://vintagefashionguild.org/resources/item/label/do...' 1614092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Domb''' ([[1896]] – [[1988]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeunda [[mavazi]] ya kike kwa ajili ya hafla mbalimbali, akizingatia kuyafanya yaweze kumudu kununuliwa na watu wengi. Kampuni yake, Domb Manufacturing Company, ilizalisha [[gauni]] za [[harusi]] na magauni ya sherehe za mahafali kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1980.<ref name = "VFG">{{cite web |title=Domb, Emma |url=https://vintagefashionguild.org/resources/item/label/domb-emma/ |website=Vintage Fashion Guild }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gruening-Hay |first1=Liz |title=Vintage Fashion Designer Spotlight: Emma Domb |url=https://www.vintageinn.ca/2022/01/vintage-fashion-designer-spotlight-emma-domb/ |website=The Vintage Inn |date=4 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gorgeous 1950s Emma Domb Ivory Matte Satin Dress w Sequin & 3D Flower Detailing |url=https://www.shrimptoncouture.com/products/gorgeous-1950s-emma-domb-ivory-matte-satin-dress-w-sequin-3d-flower-detailing |website=Shrimpton Couture |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Fortier |first1=Melody |title=The Little Guide to Vintage Shopping: How to Buy, Fix, and Keep Secondhand Clothing |date=23 December 2014 |publisher=Quirk Books |isbn=978-1-59474-811-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BzalBAAAQBAJ&dq=emma%20domb%20collection&pg=PT268 |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1896|1988}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 4kde0qsm5j9p8d9cutchyuade1uhidm 0 256863 1614093 2026-11-05T23:21:08Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Catherine Donovan''' (takribani [[1826]] – [[16 Aprili]], [[1906]]), (pia alijulikana kama '''Mrs. C. Donovan''' au '''Mme Donovan''') alikuwa fundi wa kushona nguo mwenye asili ya Ireland na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayekumbukwa zaidi kwa duka lake la nguo na makazi yake yaliyokuwa kwenye Madison Avenue mjini [[New York City]] mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=18 April 1906 |title=400's Dressmaker Dead.; Mrs. Donovan, Whom New...' 1614093 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Donovan''' (takribani [[1826]] – [[16 Aprili]], [[1906]]), (pia alijulikana kama '''Mrs. C. Donovan''' au '''Mme Donovan''') alikuwa fundi wa kushona nguo mwenye asili ya Ireland na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayekumbukwa zaidi kwa duka lake la nguo na makazi yake yaliyokuwa kwenye Madison Avenue mjini [[New York City]] mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |date=18 April 1906 |title=400's Dressmaker Dead.; Mrs. Donovan, Whom New York Society Patronized, Passes Away |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1906/04/18/archives/400s-dressmaker-dead-mrs-donovan-whom-new-york-society-patronized.html | page=11 | access-date=16 October 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Catherine Donovan {{!}} Afternoon dress |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/173337 |website=The MET Museum |date=1883 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Woman's Evening Dress: Bodice and Skirt |url=https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/176664.html |website=Philadelphia Museum |access-date=27 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1826|1906}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] sghtresufkku0pebeezklkfbftwplfv 0 256864 1614094 2026-11-05T23:25:51Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kristen Doute''' (amezaliwa [[17 Februari]], [[1983]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Doute|first=Kristen|title=not a fan of turning 33|url=https://twitter.com/kristendoute/status/699878539160498177|publisher=Twitter|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>)ni mtu maarufu wa televisheni, mjasiriamali, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://people.com/style/vanderpump-rules-kristen-doutes-james-mae/|title=Vanderpump Rules Star Kristen...' 1614094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kristen Doute''' (amezaliwa [[17 Februari]], [[1983]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Doute|first=Kristen|title=not a fan of turning 33|url=https://twitter.com/kristendoute/status/699878539160498177|publisher=Twitter|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>)ni mtu maarufu wa televisheni, mjasiriamali, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://people.com/style/vanderpump-rules-kristen-doutes-james-mae/|title=Vanderpump Rules Star Kristen Doute's James Mae T-Shirt Line Has a '70's Rock and Roll' Vibe|website=People|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.taylormagazine.com/interview-kristen-doute/|title=Interview: Kristen Doute|date=February 20, 2018|last=Beck|first=Catriona|website=Taylor Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3qpkl0r99etkw7di324r3c70a6swa30 1614182 1614094 2026-11-06T07:47:23Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614182 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kristen Doute''' (amezaliwa [[17 Februari]], [[1983]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Doute|first=Kristen|title=not a fan of turning 33|url=https://twitter.com/kristendoute/status/699878539160498177|publisher=Twitter|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref>)ni mtu maarufu wa televisheni, mjasiriamali, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://people.com/style/vanderpump-rules-kristen-doutes-james-mae/|title=Vanderpump Rules Star Kristen Doute's James Mae T-Shirt Line Has a '70's Rock and Roll' Vibe|website=People|language=en|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.taylormagazine.com/interview-kristen-doute/|title=Interview: Kristen Doute|date=February 20, 2018|last=Beck|first=Catriona|website=Taylor Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2019-11-07}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] jzxjqftsd8xjmxl1y50oii8re5srd0y 0 256865 1614095 2026-11-05T23:27:51Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Skye Yayoi Drynan''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa ''House of Skye'', kampuni ya kisasa ya mitindo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Skye Drynan's House Of Skye becomes the next female-run fashion prodigy |url=https://www.glamour.co.za/fashion/skye-drynans-house-of-skye-becomes-the-next-female-run-fashion-prodigy-8647bbec-6fd4-4af6-9b32-181aa5f88941 |access-date=2023-...' 1614095 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Skye Yayoi Drynan''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa ''House of Skye'', kampuni ya kisasa ya mitindo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Skye Drynan's House Of Skye becomes the next female-run fashion prodigy |url=https://www.glamour.co.za/fashion/skye-drynans-house-of-skye-becomes-the-next-female-run-fashion-prodigy-8647bbec-6fd4-4af6-9b32-181aa5f88941 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.glamour.co.za |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Callaway |first=River |date=2020-12-23 |title=An Exclusive Interview with Dulce Bestia's Skye Drynan |url=https://thelafashion.com/2020/12/22/interview-dulce-bestias-skye-drynan/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Los Angeles Fashion - LA Fashion Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 1jp58ff0ml7121o8lcyhizc230wtohl 1614214 1614095 2026-11-06T09:44:10Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Skye Yayoi Drynan''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa ''House of Skye'', kampuni ya kisasa ya mitindo.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Skye Drynan's House Of Skye becomes the next female-run fashion prodigy |url=https://www.glamour.co.za/fashion/skye-drynans-house-of-skye-becomes-the-next-female-run-fashion-prodigy-8647bbec-6fd4-4af6-9b32-181aa5f88941 |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.glamour.co.za |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Callaway |first=River |date=2020-12-23 |title=An Exclusive Interview with Dulce Bestia's Skye Drynan |url=https://thelafashion.com/2020/12/22/interview-dulce-bestias-skye-drynan/ |access-date=2023-02-16 |website=Los Angeles Fashion - LA Fashion Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] h6c8y5j9gt3ffcneq23tcxbsya47a47 0 256866 1614097 2026-11-05T23:32:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rehn Dudukgian''' (amezaliwa [[Desemba]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[kofia]], mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Hollywood, California]], katika familia yenye asili ya Armenia, na ndiye mbunifu wa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-04-la-ig-bijou-20100704-story.html|title=Bijou Van Ness hats: Top-down Hollywood glamour|last=Namkung|first=Victoria|date=2010-07-04|newspaper=Los Angeles...' 1614097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rehn Dudukgian''' (amezaliwa [[Desemba]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[kofia]], mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Hollywood, California]], katika familia yenye asili ya Armenia, na ndiye mbunifu wa<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-04-la-ig-bijou-20100704-story.html|title=Bijou Van Ness hats: Top-down Hollywood glamour|last=Namkung|first=Victoria|date=2010-07-04|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=2016-05-15}}</ref> chapa ya kofia ya Bijou Van Ness, iliyoanzishwa katika majira ya kuchipua ya mwaka 2010. Mkusanyiko wake umeonekana ukivaliwa na watu mashuhuri wanaoongoza mitindo mjini Hollywood, kama vile [[Katy Perry]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-pictures/lizzo-david-lachapelle-photography-940749/|title=Lizzo Photographed by David LaChapelle |date=22 January 2020 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 28z2vchsziovmep71x9ay6fep5e773z 1614203 1614097 2026-11-06T09:25:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rehn Dudukgian''' (amezaliwa [[Desemba]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[kofia]], mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa [[Hollywood, California]], katika familia yenye asili ya Armenia, na ndiye mbunifu wa<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-jul-04-la-ig-bijou-20100704-story.html|title=Bijou Van Ness hats: Top-down Hollywood glamour|last=Namkung|first=Victoria|date=2010-07-04|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US|issn=0458-3035|access-date=2016-05-15}}</ref> chapa ya kofia ya Bijou Van Ness, iliyoanzishwa katika majira ya kuchipua ya mwaka 2010. Mkusanyiko wake umeonekana ukivaliwa na watu mashuhuri wanaoongoza mitindo mjini Hollywood, kama vile [[Katy Perry]],<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-pictures/lizzo-david-lachapelle-photography-940749/|title=Lizzo Photographed by David LaChapelle |date=22 January 2020 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] mf7o5l7sr0ou8xo8mj85xgf9582566w 0 256867 1614099 2026-11-05T23:38:42Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Haylie Katherine Duff''' (amezaliwa [[19 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Sandy Jameson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''7th Heaven'', Amy Sanders katika ''Lizzie McGuire'' na Summer Wheatly katika ''Napoleon Dynamite''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Where the Stars Are From: Texas|url=http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/entertainment/2011/05/08/celebs-lone-star-state/#slide=1|ac...' 1614099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Haylie Katherine Duff''' (amezaliwa [[19 Februari]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi zake kama Sandy Jameson katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''7th Heaven'', Amy Sanders katika ''Lizzie McGuire'' na Summer Wheatly katika ''Napoleon Dynamite''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Where the Stars Are From: Texas|url=http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/entertainment/2011/05/08/celebs-lone-star-state/#slide=1|access-date=July 12, 2014|work=[[Fox News]]|quote=The singing and acting sisters were born in Houston, TX where they were encouraged by their mom to take acting classes.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last=Wang|first=Julia|title=Hilary Duff Biography|url=http://www.people.com/people/hilary_duff/biography/|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|access-date=July 12, 2014|quote=Duff, 6, and Haylie, 8, land parts in the ballet The Nutcracker Suite in San Antonio.}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] h6jdkieqmw4pkawqv5858udk934rf88 0 256868 1614101 2026-11-05T23:50:58Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lubov Azria''' (amezaliwa [[8 Novemba]], [[1967]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Ukraine]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Morgan|first=Alexis Bryan|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2008/09/another-fall-another-fashion-week.html|title=Another Fall, Another Fashion Week |work=Vanityfair.com|date=September 8, 2008|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref>Alikuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Ubunifu wa BCBGMAXAZRIA Group, kampuni ya kim...' 1614101 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lubov Azria''' (amezaliwa [[8 Novemba]], [[1967]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Ukraine]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Morgan|first=Alexis Bryan|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2008/09/another-fall-another-fashion-week.html|title=Another Fall, Another Fashion Week |work=Vanityfair.com|date=September 8, 2008|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref>Alikuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Ubunifu wa BCBGMAXAZRIA Group, kampuni ya kimataifa ya mitindo iliyokuwa na chapa zaidi ya 20.<ref>{{cite news|last=Catton|first=Pia|url=http://www.nysun.com/style/twice-the-style/39320/|title=Twice the Style|work=[[The New York Sun]]|date=September 8, 2006|accessdate=February 19, 2010}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 153gwgg9hy3dk702kfenkgs3rsjfk6r 0 256869 1614103 2026-11-05T23:54:32Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Anya Ayoung-Chee''' ni [[mtangazaji]], mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]]. Alikuwa Miss Universe Trinidad and Tobago mwaka 2008 na alikuwa mshiriki katika mashindano ya Miss Universe 2008.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|title=I am unique and eclectic|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/features/print,0,80750.html|date=14 June 2008|access-date=30 Apr 2016}}</re...' 1614103 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anya Ayoung-Chee''' ni [[mtangazaji]], mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Trinidad na Tobago]]. Alikuwa Miss Universe Trinidad and Tobago mwaka 2008 na alikuwa mshiriki katika mashindano ya Miss Universe 2008.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=Trinidad and Tobago Newsday|title=I am unique and eclectic|url=http://www.newsday.co.tt/features/print,0,80750.html|date=14 June 2008|access-date=30 Apr 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|publisher=Gawker.com |title=Sex-Scandal Beauty Queen Now a Contestant on 'Project Runway' |url=http://gawker.com/5820972/sex-scandal-beauty-queen-now-a-contestant-on-project-runway |date=13 July 2011 |access-date=30 Apr 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322224849/http://gawker.com/5820972/sex-scandal-beauty-queen-now-a-contestant-on-project-runway |archive-date=2016-03-22 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 9mtbyna543f9nb5u5ysme4k4a95ko6h 0 256870 1614105 2026-11-06T00:00:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacqueline Brandford Ayer''' ([[2 Mei]], [[1930]]<ref name=UMN> {{cite web |url=http://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/4/resources/2773 |title = Jacqueline Ayer Collection (finding aid) |publisher=University of Minnesota Archives and Special Collections |access-date=June 29, 2017}} </ref>– [[20 Mei]], [[2012]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], mchoraji wa vitabu, mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na vitambaa kutoka [[Marekani]], na mpokeaji wa medali ya dhahabu kutoka J...' 1614105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline Brandford Ayer''' ([[2 Mei]], [[1930]]<ref name=UMN> {{cite web |url=http://archives.lib.umn.edu/repositories/4/resources/2773 |title = Jacqueline Ayer Collection (finding aid) |publisher=University of Minnesota Archives and Special Collections |access-date=June 29, 2017}} </ref>– [[20 Mei]], [[2012]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], mchoraji wa vitabu, mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na vitambaa kutoka [[Marekani]], na mpokeaji wa medali ya dhahabu kutoka Jumuiya ya Wachoraji wa Picha (Society of Illustrators).<ref name=wb-little-sister>(2015). Literature for Children (1960). ''World Book Year Books.'' World Book Publishing. Retrieved June 29, 2017, from http://elibrary.bigchalk.com.ezproxy.spl.org</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|2012}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] f7o1acnnwocat697dtighdklktbwfjj 0 256871 1614106 2026-11-06T00:03:57Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bonnie J. August''' ([[2 Januari]], [[1947]] – [[9 Agosti]], [[2003]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1970, alibuni mtindo wa enzi ya disco uliounganisha [[mavazi]] ya kubana mwili mzima na sketi zinazofungwa kwa kuzungushwa kiunoni. Alipendelea kutumia vitambaa vinavyonyumbulika kama vile spandex, na alikuwa miongoni mwa wabunifu wa kwanza kujumuisha vitambaa vyenye michoro na rangi angavu katika mavazi ya michezo....' 1614106 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bonnie J. August''' ([[2 Januari]], [[1947]] – [[9 Agosti]], [[2003]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1970, alibuni mtindo wa enzi ya disco uliounganisha [[mavazi]] ya kubana mwili mzima na sketi zinazofungwa kwa kuzungushwa kiunoni. Alipendelea kutumia vitambaa vinavyonyumbulika kama vile spandex, na alikuwa miongoni mwa wabunifu wa kwanza kujumuisha vitambaa vyenye michoro na rangi angavu katika mavazi ya michezo.<ref>{{cite book |title=Dictionary of Women Worldwide: 25,000 women through the ages |date=2007 |publisher=Gale |location=Detroit |isbn=978-0-7876-7585-1 |chapter-url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/august-bonnie-1947-2003 |chapter=August, Bonnie (1947–2003) |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727151306/https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/august-bonnie-1947-2003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Valentine |first1=Natalie A. |title=The Fit Look |url=https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1373&context=sumagazine |work=Syracuse University Magazine |date=March 1992 |page=7 |access-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727151307/https://surface.syr.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1373&context=sumagazine |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|2003}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ocfri42dkb7kkwj10gsm39kcx7913mt 0 256872 1614107 2026-11-06T00:10:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lorencita Atencio Bird''' ([[22 Oktoba]], [[1918]] – [[4 Mei]], [[1995]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broder|first=Patricia Janis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbd_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Earth Songs, Moon Dreams: Paintings by American Indian Women|date=2013-12-10|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4668-5972-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Valdez>{{cite thesis |last=Valdez|first=Roberto H.|date=26 June 2015|title=A Case Study in Toponymy: Sampling and Clas...' 1614107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorencita Atencio Bird''' ([[22 Oktoba]], [[1918]] – [[4 Mei]], [[1995]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Broder|first=Patricia Janis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbd_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Earth Songs, Moon Dreams: Paintings by American Indian Women|date=2013-12-10|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4668-5972-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Valdez>{{cite thesis |last=Valdez|first=Roberto H.|date=26 June 2015|title=A Case Study in Toponymy: Sampling and Classifying a Tri-Lingual Place Name Inventory Found in the North-Central State of New Mexico|url=https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=geog_etds|degree=Masters|location=Albuquerque, NM|publisher=University of New Mexico|access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa jamii ya Pueblo mwenye asili ya [[Marekani]] na msanii wa sanaa ya utengenezaji wa vitambaa, kutoka katika jamii ya Pueblo ya Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico (San Juan).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=King|first=Jeanne Snodgrass|url=http://archive.org/details/americanindianpa00king|title=American Indian painters; a biographical directory|date=1968|publisher=New York : Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation|others=Smithsonian Libraries}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|1995}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 7ez40jgsv9ie971028gs2eulils5el2 1614184 1614107 2026-11-06T07:55:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614184 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lorencita Atencio Bird''' ([[22 Oktoba]], [[1918]] – [[4 Mei]], [[1995]])<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Broder|first=Patricia Janis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qbd_AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT82|title=Earth Songs, Moon Dreams: Paintings by American Indian Women|date=2013-12-10|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-1-4668-5972-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Valdez>{{cite thesis |last=Valdez|first=Roberto H.|date=26 June 2015|title=A Case Study in Toponymy: Sampling and Classifying a Tri-Lingual Place Name Inventory Found in the North-Central State of New Mexico|url=https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=geog_etds|degree=Masters|location=Albuquerque, NM|publisher=University of New Mexico|access-date=5 March 2026}}</ref>alikuwa [[mchoraji]] wa jamii ya Pueblo mwenye asili ya [[Marekani]] na msanii wa sanaa ya utengenezaji wa vitambaa, kutoka katika jamii ya Pueblo ya Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico (San Juan).<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|last=King|first=Jeanne Snodgrass|url=http://archive.org/details/americanindianpa00king|title=American Indian painters; a biographical directory|date=1968|publisher=New York : Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation|others=Smithsonian Libraries}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1918|1995}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 2o5wfof6fcrq6sj9eed654yziac3n9s 0 256873 1614108 2026-11-06T00:13:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hiromi Asai''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Japani]] na mwenye uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-05 |title=Wrestling the Silk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/nyregion/thecity/05kimo.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |work=NYTimes.com |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|last=Witt|first=Emily}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=Kimono Fusion |journal=Collezioni...' 1614108 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hiromi Asai''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Japani]] na mwenye uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-04-05 |title=Wrestling the Silk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/nyregion/thecity/05kimo.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |work=NYTimes.com |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|last=Witt|first=Emily}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2011 |title=Kimono Fusion |journal=Collezioni Donna |issue=150|last=Zanni|first=Clelia|pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012 |title=Poetry to Behold |journal=Collezioni Haute Couture |issue=151|last=Zanni|first=Clelia|pages=320}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] si0tov1qhss21i3bbnfi84jdhqfazzw 1614173 1614108 2026-11-06T06:55:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hiromi Asai''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] aliyezaliwa nchini [[Japani]] na mwenye uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini [[New York City]].<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=2009-04-05 |title=Wrestling the Silk |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/05/nyregion/thecity/05kimo.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |work=NYTimes.com |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331|last=Witt|first=Emily}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2011 |title=Kimono Fusion |journal=Collezioni Donna |issue=150|last=Zanni|first=Clelia|pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2012 |title=Poetry to Behold |journal=Collezioni Haute Couture |issue=151|last=Zanni|first=Clelia|pages=320}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] pbbx9ortvox4zosbuka12i5fttxw3s9 0 256874 1614109 2026-11-06T00:17:24Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fabiola Arias''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Kuba]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini [[New York City]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Arias alizaliwa tarehe 19 Juni 1987 mjini [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. Mama yake ni mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka Kuba, Anilu Oms, ambaye alimfundisha Arias sanaa ya ubunifu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shinmai Creator's Project|date=13 March 2009 |url=http://www.aetheree.com/shinmai-creators-projec...' 1614109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fabiola Arias''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Kuba]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], anayeishi na kufanya kazi mjini [[New York City]]. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Arias alizaliwa tarehe 19 Juni 1987 mjini [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. Mama yake ni mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka Kuba, Anilu Oms, ambaye alimfundisha Arias sanaa ya ubunifu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shinmai Creator's Project|date=13 March 2009 |url=http://www.aetheree.com/shinmai-creators-project|publisher=aetheree}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fabiola Arias 2010/11 A/W Collection|url=http://tokyofashion.com/fabiola-arias-201011-aw-collection/|publisher=Tokyo Fashion}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 6wdjsi7lmi1c6sl0c6w5hbnet3b2uhd 0 256875 1614110 2026-11-06T00:21:20Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Osceola Marie Adams''' ([[13 Juni]], [[1890]] – [[11 Novemba]], [[1983]]), aliyejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Osceola Archer''', alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wa kwanza Weusi kuonekana katika ukumbi wa Broadway kupitia tamthilia ya ''Between Two Worlds'' mwaka 1934.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2017-04-13|title=List of Theater Credits for Osceola Macarthy Adams (aka Osceola Arc...' 1614110 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osceola Marie Adams''' ([[13 Juni]], [[1890]] – [[11 Novemba]], [[1983]]), aliyejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Osceola Archer''', alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wa kwanza Weusi kuonekana katika ukumbi wa Broadway kupitia tamthilia ya ''Between Two Worlds'' mwaka 1934.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=2017-04-13|title=List of Theater Credits for Osceola Macarthy Adams (aka Osceola Archer)|url=https://commonheroes3.wordpress.com/2nd-generation/adams-numa-pompilius-garfield-osceola-marie-macarthy/list-of-theater-credits-for-osceola-macarthy-adams-aka-osceola-archer/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=commonheroes3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=archives.nypl.org -- Putnam County Playhouse scrapbook|url=https://archives.nypl.org/the/21394|access-date=2022-01-14|website=archives.nypl.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Carl Harms, 1910 - Putnam County Playhouse Scrapbook, 1946 -1949|url=https://nyplorg-data-archives-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/theputnam.pdf|website=The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts – The Billy Rose Theatre Collection}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1890|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] tpd9p5xcj63opbx27cg5t2giuf9r6yp 1614197 1614110 2026-11-06T09:11:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osceola Marie Adams''' ([[13 Juni]], [[1890]] – [[11 Novemba]], [[1983]]), aliyejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Osceola Archer''', alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], ambaye alikuwa miongoni mwa waigizaji wa kwanza Weusi kuonekana katika ukumbi wa Broadway kupitia tamthilia ya ''Between Two Worlds'' mwaka 1934.<ref name=":6">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2017-04-13|title=List of Theater Credits for Osceola Macarthy Adams (aka Osceola Archer)|url=https://commonheroes3.wordpress.com/2nd-generation/adams-numa-pompilius-garfield-osceola-marie-macarthy/list-of-theater-credits-for-osceola-macarthy-adams-aka-osceola-archer/|access-date=2022-01-14|website=commonheroes3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=archives.nypl.org -- Putnam County Playhouse scrapbook|url=https://archives.nypl.org/the/21394|access-date=2022-01-14|website=archives.nypl.org}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Carl Harms, 1910 - Putnam County Playhouse Scrapbook, 1946 -1949|url=https://nyplorg-data-archives-production.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/collection/pdf_finding_aid/theputnam.pdf|website=The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts – The Billy Rose Theatre Collection}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1890|1983}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] b7op2uc83sbud3tdsnyv4iroiwupxgz 0 256876 1614112 2026-11-06T00:26:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pegah Anvarian''' (amezaliwa takribani miaka ya [[1980]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], mwanamitindo na mtengeneza mitindo wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Iran]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|date=April 9, 2004|title=L.A. Fashion Week Fall '04: Pegah Anvarian|url=http://www.apparelnews.net/news/2004/apr/09/la-fashion-week-fall-04-pegah-anvarian/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.apparelnews.net|language=en}}</ref>mkurugenzi wa ubunifu<ref name=":7">{{Cite...' 1614112 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pegah Anvarian''' (amezaliwa takribani miaka ya [[1980]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], mwanamitindo na mtengeneza mitindo wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Iran]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=|date=April 9, 2004|title=L.A. Fashion Week Fall '04: Pegah Anvarian|url=http://www.apparelnews.net/news/2004/apr/09/la-fashion-week-fall-04-pegah-anvarian/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.apparelnews.net|language=en}}</ref>mkurugenzi wa ubunifu<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|date=2009-09-24|title=Style Profile: A few questions for Pegah Anvarian, Three Dots' new creative director|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/09/pegah-anvarian-three-dots-new-creative-director-.html|access-date=2022-02-07|website=LA Times Blogs - All The Rage|publisher=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] lfxam7n4n30wtcjo7yupb1gge8fx36k 1614199 1614112 2026-11-06T09:17:12Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614199 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pegah Anvarian''' (amezaliwa takribani miaka ya [[1980]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], mwanamitindo na mtengeneza mitindo wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Iran]],<ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|date=April 9, 2004|title=L.A. Fashion Week Fall '04: Pegah Anvarian|url=http://www.apparelnews.net/news/2004/apr/09/la-fashion-week-fall-04-pegah-anvarian/|access-date=2022-02-07|website=www.apparelnews.net|language=en}}</ref>mkurugenzi wa ubunifu<ref name=":7">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2009-09-24|title=Style Profile: A few questions for Pegah Anvarian, Three Dots' new creative director|url=https://latimesblogs.latimes.com/alltherage/2009/09/pegah-anvarian-three-dots-new-creative-director-.html|access-date=2022-02-07|website=LA Times Blogs - All The Rage|publisher=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1980|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0hzwactvrw6kbrax0zodhnvs6lo9sgs 0 256877 1614113 2026-11-06T00:30:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rachel Antonoff''' (amezaliwa [[15 Juni]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa [[mavazi]] yake yenye maelezo mengi na mtindo wa zamani, pamoja na ujumbe wake wa kisiasa, hasa kuhusu harakati za kijamii. Alizindua chapa yake mwaka 2008, na kuvutia umakini kupitia bidhaa kama vile fulana yake ya “reproductive tee” na sweta zenye kaulimbiu zinazochanganya harakati za kijamii na mtindo wa [[mavazi]].<ref name=":0">{...' 1614113 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rachel Antonoff''' (amezaliwa [[15 Juni]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa [[mavazi]] yake yenye maelezo mengi na mtindo wa zamani, pamoja na ujumbe wake wa kisiasa, hasa kuhusu harakati za kijamii. Alizindua chapa yake mwaka 2008, na kuvutia umakini kupitia bidhaa kama vile fulana yake ya “reproductive tee” na sweta zenye kaulimbiu zinazochanganya harakati za kijamii na mtindo wa [[mavazi]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018 |title=Rachel Antonoff |url=https://link-gale-com.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/apps/doc/K1650011396/BIC?u=uga&sid=BIC&xid=26e7c2c7 |access-date=2020-04-06 |website=Gale Biography Online Collection}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=The Rachel Antonoff Interview |url=https://activismculture.wordpress.com/2017/12/01/the-rachel-antonoff-interview/ |website=Activism Culture Magazine |date=December 2017 |publisher=activismculture |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ngqivxkg0jyf09wnl70syteao92tdrn 1614201 1614113 2026-11-06T09:23:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rachel Antonoff''' (amezaliwa [[15 Juni]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejulikana kwa [[mavazi]] yake yenye maelezo mengi na mtindo wa zamani, pamoja na ujumbe wake wa kisiasa, hasa kuhusu harakati za kijamii. Alizindua chapa yake mwaka 2008, na kuvutia umakini kupitia bidhaa kama vile fulana yake ya “reproductive tee” na sweta zenye kaulimbiu zinazochanganya harakati za kijamii na mtindo wa [[mavazi]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2018 |title=Rachel Antonoff |url=https://link-gale-com.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/apps/doc/K1650011396/BIC?u=uga&sid=BIC&xid=26e7c2c7 |access-date=2020-04-06 |website=Gale Biography Online Collection}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=The Rachel Antonoff Interview |url=https://activismculture.wordpress.com/2017/12/01/the-rachel-antonoff-interview/ |website=Activism Culture Magazine |date=December 2017 |publisher=activismculture |access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] f4u6mt7ggn458usbnjfva450ldgbygj 0 256878 1614114 2026-11-06T00:32:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kaylin Marie Andres''' ([[28 Mei]], [[1985]] – [[21 Novemba]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[msanii]] na mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kaylin-andres/living-with-cancer_b_2806442.html|title=Once, Twice, Three Times Malady: My Love Affair With Cancer and Why I Decided to Tell the World|last=Andres|first=Kaylin|date=March 4, 2013|website=HuffPost|access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> ==Mar...' 1614114 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaylin Marie Andres''' ([[28 Mei]], [[1985]] – [[21 Novemba]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[msanii]] na mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kaylin-andres/living-with-cancer_b_2806442.html|title=Once, Twice, Three Times Malady: My Love Affair With Cancer and Why I Decided to Tell the World|last=Andres|first=Kaylin|date=March 4, 2013|website=HuffPost|access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|2016}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] l4sasjm5q5n2qfvem236ozepdziwj4i 1614180 1614114 2026-11-06T07:22:30Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaylin Marie Andres''' ([[28 Mei]], [[1985]] – [[21 Novemba]], [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]], [[msanii]] na mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kaylin-andres/living-with-cancer_b_2806442.html|title=Once, Twice, Three Times Malady: My Love Affair With Cancer and Why I Decided to Tell the World|last=Andres|first=Kaylin|date=March 4, 2013|website=HuffPost|access-date=December 23, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1985|2016}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] s12hfsboekw24cld8pkbt1cmdb67p16 0 256879 1614115 2026-11-06T00:42:21Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Linda Allard''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mbunifu mkuu wa mavazi ya [[wanawake]] katika chapa ya Ellen Tracy.<ref name="spitza">{{cite news |last1=Spitza |first1=Anne M. |title=First name in fashion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic-first-name-in-fashion/206839677/ |work=Arizona Republic |date=7 October 1998 |pages=50}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} Jamii:W...' 1614115 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Allard''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kama mbunifu mkuu wa mavazi ya [[wanawake]] katika chapa ya Ellen Tracy.<ref name="spitza">{{cite news |last1=Spitza |first1=Anne M. |title=First name in fashion |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-republic-first-name-in-fashion/206839677/ |work=Arizona Republic |date=7 October 1998 |pages=50}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fwcwokf87a1ecf0nwdkxrms28wccd1q 0 256880 1614116 2026-11-06T00:45:48Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yoon Ahn''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alisomea usanifu wa picha katika Boston University na kuhitimu mwaka 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 January 2020|title=Verbal & Yoon 2009 relationship with Dominik Huettl Biography|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/verbal-yoon|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Business of Fashion}}</ref>Anajulikana kama...' 1614116 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yoon Ahn''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alisomea usanifu wa picha katika Boston University na kuhitimu mwaka 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=10 January 2020|title=Verbal & Yoon 2009 relationship with Dominik Huettl Biography|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/verbal-yoon|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Business of Fashion}}</ref>Anajulikana kama mkurugenzi wa ubunifu wa chapa yake ya Ambush na mkurugenzi wa usanifu wa vito vya mapambo wa Dior.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Williams|first=Romany|date=2019|title=FROM WEST COAST GRUNGE TO SHIBUYA TO DIOR: YOON AHN'S WORLD TAKEOVER|url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/from-west-coast-grunge-to-shibuya-to-dior-yoon-ahns-world-takeover|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 October 2020|website=SSense}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] snay49msml47ght6ea2s0a2g79bhuzw 1614249 1614116 2026-11-06T10:23:56Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yoon Ahn''' ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alisomea usanifu wa picha katika Boston University na kuhitimu mwaka 2000.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|last=|first=|date=10 January 2020|title=Verbal & Yoon 2009 relationship with Dominik Huettl Biography|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/verbal-yoon|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Business of Fashion}}</ref>Anajulikana kama mkurugenzi wa ubunifu wa chapa yake ya Ambush na mkurugenzi wa usanifu wa vito vya mapambo wa Dior.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|last=Williams|first=Romany|date=2019|title=FROM WEST COAST GRUNGE TO SHIBUYA TO DIOR: YOON AHN'S WORLD TAKEOVER|url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/from-west-coast-grunge-to-shibuya-to-dior-yoon-ahns-world-takeover|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=15 October 2020|website=SSense}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 8ps9baq9osz8typvcf6mnvpvwr0lcwk 0 256881 1614117 2026-11-06T00:49:06Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Autumn Adeigbo''' ni mbunifu kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] ya kuvaa moja kwa moja na vifaa vya urembo iliyopewa jina lake. Kampuni ya Adeigbo ikawa chapa ya kwanza inayoongozwa na mwanamke mbunifu Mweusi kukusanya zaidi ya dola milioni 1 za Marekani kupitia ufadhili wa mitaji ya ubia.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=February 26, 2021 |title=18 Black-Owned Accessories Brands to Su...' 1614117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Autumn Adeigbo''' ni mbunifu kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye asili ya [[Nigeria]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] ya kuvaa moja kwa moja na vifaa vya urembo iliyopewa jina lake. Kampuni ya Adeigbo ikawa chapa ya kwanza inayoongozwa na mwanamke mbunifu Mweusi kukusanya zaidi ya dola milioni 1 za Marekani kupitia ufadhili wa mitaji ya ubia.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=February 26, 2021 |title=18 Black-Owned Accessories Brands to Support This Month and Always |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/photos/2021/02/15-black-owned-accessories-brands-to-support-this-month-and-always |access-date=2022-08-25 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Designer Spotlight: Autumn Adeigbo {{!}} Moda Operandi |url=https://www.modaoperandi.com/editorial/designer-spotlight-autumn-adeigbo |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=Moda Operandi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=4 Ways The Luxury Market Is Becoming More Sustainable |url=https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/luxury-sustainability-changes |access-date=2022-08-25 |website=The Zoe Report |date=April 30, 2021 |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] r9055yp9c6271py1gbvpmthh7zukt3q 0 256882 1614119 2026-11-06T01:04:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robyn Berkley''' ni mwanzilishi wa chapa ya mtindo wa [[maisha]] na tovuti ya ustawi wa afya ya Live The Process, pamoja na kampuni ya ushauri wa chapa ya RBBR. Amefanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa habari za mitindo mjini [[New York City]], ameandika makala kwa ''The Huffington Post'' na kujitokeza kama yeye mwenyewe katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Kell on Earth''.<ref name=harpers>{{cite web|title=Robyn Berkley, Owner, Robyn Berkley PR|url=http://www....' 1614119 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robyn Berkley''' ni mwanzilishi wa chapa ya mtindo wa [[maisha]] na tovuti ya ustawi wa afya ya Live The Process, pamoja na kampuni ya ushauri wa chapa ya RBBR. Amefanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa habari za mitindo mjini [[New York City]], ameandika makala kwa ''The Huffington Post'' na kujitokeza kama yeye mwenyewe katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Kell on Earth''.<ref name=harpers>{{cite web|title=Robyn Berkley, Owner, Robyn Berkley PR|url=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/fashion/fashion-designers/robin-berkley-fashion-insiders-on-making-it#slide-6|website=[[Harper's Bazaar]]|date=17 January 2014 |accessdate=25 July 2014}}</ref><ref name=nymag>{{cite web|last1=Odell|first1=Amy|title=Robyn Berkley Is Leaving People's Revolution for Bali|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2011/05/robyn_berkley_is_leaving_peopl.html|website=New York|date=6 May 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] h272ylmh3rgpxgx3wop9btop7fsnrx9 0 256883 1614120 2026-11-06T01:09:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Laura Eugenia Bennett''' (amezaliwa [[2 Agosti]], [[1963]]), pia aliyejulikana kama '''Laura Bennett Shelton''',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aiming High |last=Blockus |first=Gary R. |date=2014-02-25 |work=[[The Morning Call]] |location=[[Allentown, Pennsylvania]] |page=C1 |id={{NewsBank|14C37015059F2DB0}}}}</ref> ni mbunifu wa [[majengo]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa washiriki wanne waliofika hatua ya fainali katika msimu w...' 1614120 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Eugenia Bennett''' (amezaliwa [[2 Agosti]], [[1963]]), pia aliyejulikana kama '''Laura Bennett Shelton''',<ref>{{Cite news |title=Aiming High |last=Blockus |first=Gary R. |date=2014-02-25 |work=[[The Morning Call]] |location=[[Allentown, Pennsylvania]] |page=C1 |id={{NewsBank|14C37015059F2DB0}}}}</ref> ni mbunifu wa [[majengo]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa washiriki wanne waliofika hatua ya fainali katika msimu wa tatu wa kipindi cha televisheni cha mashindano ya uhalisia ''Project Runway'', kilichoonyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye mtandao wa Bravo (US TV channel).<ref>{{Cite news |title=''Season 3: Project Runway'' carries on in high fashion |last=Fischer |first=Eileen |date=2006-07-10 |work=[[Connecticut Post]] |location=[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] |page=B1 |edition=Fairfield County |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} Online edition: {{NewsBank|112CE32E13BD5C28}}.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] kn7ce59oziuujk7l9iza3mtqmeypwn2 1614183 1614120 2026-11-06T07:51:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614183 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Laura Eugenia Bennett''' (amezaliwa [[2 Agosti]], [[1963]]), pia aliyejulikana kama '''Laura Bennett Shelton''',<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=Aiming High |last=Blockus |first=Gary R. |date=2014-02-25 |work=[[The Morning Call]] |location=[[Allentown, Pennsylvania]] |page=C1 |id={{NewsBank|14C37015059F2DB0}}}}</ref> ni mbunifu wa [[majengo]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa washiriki wanne waliofika hatua ya fainali katika msimu wa tatu wa kipindi cha televisheni cha mashindano ya uhalisia ''Project Runway'', kilichoonyeshwa kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye mtandao wa Bravo (US TV channel).<ref>{{Rejea habari |title=''Season 3: Project Runway'' carries on in high fashion |last=Fischer |first=Eileen |date=2006-07-10 |work=[[Connecticut Post]] |location=[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]] |page=B1 |edition=Fairfield County |via=[[Newspapers.com]] }} Online edition: {{NewsBank|112CE32E13BD5C28}}.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 1zv1dh0k2oz2wslky2n1yftq6uo0aae 0 256884 1614121 2026-11-06T01:14:04Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fira Benenson''' ([[14 Aprili]], [[1898]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[1977]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na fundi wa kushona [[nguo]] wa [[Marekani]] amezaliwa [[Urusi]]. Baada ya kukulia [[Baku]] na [[Saint Petersburg]], familia yake iliondoka Urusi mwishoni mwa Vita vya Kwanza vya [[Dunia]] na kuhamia [[London]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deihl|first=Nancy|title=The hidden history of American fashion : rediscovering twentieth-century women designers|publisher...' 1614121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fira Benenson''' ([[14 Aprili]], [[1898]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[1977]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na fundi wa kushona [[nguo]] wa [[Marekani]] amezaliwa [[Urusi]]. Baada ya kukulia [[Baku]] na [[Saint Petersburg]], familia yake iliondoka Urusi mwishoni mwa Vita vya Kwanza vya [[Dunia]] na kuhamia [[London]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deihl|first=Nancy|title=The hidden history of American fashion : rediscovering twentieth-century women designers|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]|year=2018|isbn=978-1-3500-0047-6|location=London|oclc=970386965}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1977}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rn3bje9taeqf209c9r668mat8i7srtf 1614170 1614121 2026-11-06T06:37:14Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614170 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fira Benenson''' ([[14 Aprili]], [[1898]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[1977]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na fundi wa kushona [[nguo]] wa [[Marekani]] amezaliwa [[Urusi]]. Baada ya kukulia [[Baku]] na [[Saint Petersburg]], familia yake iliondoka Urusi mwishoni mwa Vita vya Kwanza vya [[Dunia]] na kuhamia [[London]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Deihl|first=Nancy|title=The hidden history of American fashion : rediscovering twentieth-century women designers|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing|Bloomsbury]]|year=2018|isbn=978-1-3500-0047-6|location=London|oclc=970386965}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1977}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] smofcdhl0iyo44t4hi05hlx0kdgske4 0 256885 1614122 2026-11-06T01:16:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stacey Bendet Eisner''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye ndiye mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni ya [[mavazi]] ya Alice + Olivia. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Bendet alizaliwa mwaka 1978 na wazazi wake Olivia (née Bendet) na Joseph Daniel Wiener.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.sltrib.com/printfriendly.php?id=6848282&itype=ngpsid |work=Salt Lake Tribune |title=Just like the rest of us, designers look to mom and...' 1614122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stacey Bendet Eisner''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye ndiye mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni ya [[mavazi]] ya Alice + Olivia. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Bendet alizaliwa mwaka 1978 na wazazi wake Olivia (née Bendet) na Joseph Daniel Wiener.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.sltrib.com/printfriendly.php?id=6848282&itype=ngpsid |work=Salt Lake Tribune |title=Just like the rest of us, designers look to mom and dad for inspiration, advice |last=Parnes |first=Francine |date=September 10, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewcy.com/post/stacey_bendet_on_clothes_ashtanga_and_trying_to_blow_up_soho_house |work=Jewcy |title=Stacey Bendet on Clothes, Ashtanga, and Trying to Blow Up Soho House |last=Schoeneman |first=Deb |date=March 16, 2007}}</ref><ref name=Shafir>{{Cite news|first=Doree |last= Shafir|authorlink= |title= Before They Were Sorta Famous: Stacey Bendet |newspaper=[[Gawker]]|date=January 8, 2007 |url= http://gawker.com/226985/before-they-were-sorta-famous-stacey-bendet |accessdate=}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] he86y47jn6r9dg6mjm8u6tlj9yxvcel 1614216 1614122 2026-11-06T09:46:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stacey Bendet Eisner''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye ndiye mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi mkuu mtendaji wa kampuni ya [[mavazi]] ya Alice + Olivia. ==Maisha ya awali na elimu== Bendet alizaliwa mwaka 1978 na wazazi wake Olivia (née Bendet) na Joseph Daniel Wiener.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archive.sltrib.com/printfriendly.php?id=6848282&itype=ngpsid |work=Salt Lake Tribune |title=Just like the rest of us, designers look to mom and dad for inspiration, advice |last=Parnes |first=Francine |date=September 10, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewcy.com/post/stacey_bendet_on_clothes_ashtanga_and_trying_to_blow_up_soho_house |work=Jewcy |title=Stacey Bendet on Clothes, Ashtanga, and Trying to Blow Up Soho House |last=Schoeneman |first=Deb |date=March 16, 2007}}</ref><ref name=Shafir>{{Rejea habari|first=Doree |last= Shafir|authorlink= |title= Before They Were Sorta Famous: Stacey Bendet |newspaper=[[Gawker]]|date=January 8, 2007 |url= http://gawker.com/226985/before-they-were-sorta-famous-stacey-bendet |accessdate=}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 93eflqbka3j0y0fl63wibpdzag2r0t8 0 256886 1614123 2026-11-06T01:20:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Madame Anna Ben-Yusuf''' alikuwa mshonaji wa kofia na [[mwalimu]] mwenye makao yake [[Boston]] na [[New York City]], kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. Aliandika kitabu ''The Art of Millinery'' (1909), kimojawapo cha vitabu vya kwanza vya marejeo kuhusu mbinu za ushonaji wa kofia. Alikuwa mama wa mpiga picha za picha za watu Zaida Ben-Yusuf.<ref name=chrono>[http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/zaida/chronology/index.html Chronology of Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1869-1898] {{webarch...' 1614123 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Madame Anna Ben-Yusuf''' alikuwa mshonaji wa kofia na [[mwalimu]] mwenye makao yake [[Boston]] na [[New York City]], kutoka [[Ujerumani]]. Aliandika kitabu ''The Art of Millinery'' (1909), kimojawapo cha vitabu vya kwanza vya marejeo kuhusu mbinu za ushonaji wa kofia. Alikuwa mama wa mpiga picha za picha za watu Zaida Ben-Yusuf.<ref name=chrono>[http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/zaida/chronology/index.html Chronology of Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1869-1898] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221010005/http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/zaida/chronology/index.html |date=February 21, 2014 }} on the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery website, accessed 30 March 2009</ref><ref name=chrono2>[http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/zaida/chronology/1898.html Chronology of Zaida Ben-Yusuf, 1898-1900] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002173318/http://www.npg.si.edu/exhibit/zaida/chronology/1898.html |date=October 2, 2013 }} on the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery website, accessed 30 March 2009</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200719100108/http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=hearth;cc=hearth;rgn=full%20text;idno=4732809_1439_005;didno=4732809_1439_005;view=image;seq=0016;node=4732809_1439_005:3.21 Harpers Bazaar, Vol. 30 No. 5, published Jan 30 1897]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|1909}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 80zh9c3j5og0cwa00ip2bgl1ydb4huz 0 256887 1614124 2026-11-06T01:23:48Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Irina Roudakoff Belotelkin''' ([[1 Januari]], [[1913]] – [[21 Januari]], [[2009]]) alikuwa msanii na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Urusi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. == Miaka ya awali == '''Irina Belotelkin''', aliyezaliwa kwa jina la ''Roudakoff'', alizaliwa huko Elisavetgrad, katika Milki ya Urusi, katika familia ya tabaka la juu la zamani la Urusi (''noblesse ancienne''), kama ilivyorekodiwa katika rejista za kifalme za Tver.<ref>{{cite...' 1614124 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Irina Roudakoff Belotelkin''' ([[1 Januari]], [[1913]] – [[21 Januari]], [[2009]]) alikuwa msanii na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya [[Urusi]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]]. == Miaka ya awali == '''Irina Belotelkin''', aliyezaliwa kwa jina la ''Roudakoff'', alizaliwa huko Elisavetgrad, katika Milki ya Urusi, katika familia ya tabaka la juu la zamani la Urusi (''noblesse ancienne''), kama ilivyorekodiwa katika rejista za kifalme za Tver.<ref>{{cite news | title = Westley S. Griswold | author = Paul Roudakoff | work = Hartford Courant Managine | date = March 5, 1939 }} </ref><ref> R.J. Luke Williams, Archivist, [http://www.hartfordpublic.com/historyproject.htm ''Hartford Public High School History Project''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090310160946/http://www.hartfordpublic.com/historyproject.htm |date=March 10, 2009 }}, Hartford CT </ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1913|2009}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3g4kyar8ushrpebl7jsi2axqb2fdbs5 0 256888 1614125 2026-11-06T01:27:13Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hunter Bell''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[New York City]] na mmiliki wa Hunter Bell NYC. Alikuwa mshindi wa msimu wa Fashion Star (season 2 wa kipindi cha ''[[Fashion Star]]''.<ref name="Reality TV World">{{cite news|last= Reality TV World staff|title='Fashion Star' crowns designer Hunter Bell second-season winner|url=http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/fashion-star-crowns-hunter-bell-winning-second-season-designer-...' 1614125 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hunter Bell''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[New York City]] na mmiliki wa Hunter Bell NYC. Alikuwa mshindi wa msimu wa Fashion Star (season 2 wa kipindi cha ''[[Fashion Star]]''.<ref name="Reality TV World">{{cite news|last= Reality TV World staff|title='Fashion Star' crowns designer Hunter Bell second-season winner|url=http://www.realitytvworld.com/news/fashion-star-crowns-hunter-bell-winning-second-season-designer-14792.php|access-date=15 May 2013|date=14 May 2013}}</ref>Bell alisoma katika University of Alabama na kuhitimu mwaka 2003 akiwa na shahada ya usanifu wa mitindo na sanaa ya studio.<ref>[http://www.nbc.com/fashion-star/about/bios/designers/kara-laricks/bio/ Laricks biography from ''Fashion Star'']</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] b98htli2xcycmnu16aq8qekn8lshtxn 0 256889 1614126 2026-11-06T01:38:02Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jelena Behrend''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1968]]) ni mbunifu wa vito vya mapambo mwenye asili ya [[Serbia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake katika eneo la Lower East Side huko [[New York City]]. Akiwa ameelezewa na jarida la New York (magazine) kuwa mbunifu anayefuata mitindo ya kisasa, vito vyake vilivyopigwa nyundo vimeonekana vikivaliwa na watu mashuhuri wa Hollywood na katika filamu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-feat...' 1614126 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jelena Behrend''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1968]]) ni mbunifu wa vito vya mapambo mwenye asili ya [[Serbia]] na uraia wa [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake katika eneo la Lower East Side huko [[New York City]]. Akiwa ameelezewa na jarida la New York (magazine) kuwa mbunifu anayefuata mitindo ya kisasa, vito vyake vilivyopigwa nyundo vimeonekana vikivaliwa na watu mashuhuri wa Hollywood na katika filamu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/article-1077912/|title=Article May 20, 1999|first=WWD|last=Staff|date=May 20, 1999|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.townandcountrymag.com/style/beauty-products/a5589/carolyn-murphy-interview/|title=Supermodel Carolyn Murphy Redefines Her Role|date=April 4, 2016|publisher=}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1968|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 7mzcqecmu1tq1xfj7r8ggu8nu31ig0r 0 256890 1614127 2026-11-06T01:41:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jen Beeman''' ni mbunifu wa usanifu wa [[mitindo]] na mtengenezaji wa ruwaza za [[nguo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. Yeye ndiye mmiliki wa kampuni ya ruwaza za kushonea na blogu ya ''Grainline Studio''. Alihitimu kutoka Columbia College Chicago, ambako alisomea usanifu wa mitindo, akijikita katika utengenezaji wa ruwaza na usanifu wa kiufundi.<ref name="Carestio">{{cite web |last1=Carestio |first1=Amanda |title=Grain...' 1614127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jen Beeman''' ni mbunifu wa usanifu wa [[mitindo]] na mtengenezaji wa ruwaza za [[nguo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. Yeye ndiye mmiliki wa kampuni ya ruwaza za kushonea na blogu ya ''Grainline Studio''. Alihitimu kutoka Columbia College Chicago, ambako alisomea usanifu wa mitindo, akijikita katika utengenezaji wa ruwaza na usanifu wa kiufundi.<ref name="Carestio">{{cite web |last1=Carestio |first1=Amanda |title=Grainline Studio interview |url=https://www.sewnews.com/blogs/sewing/2017/08/09/linden-sweatshirt-sew-along-meet-the-designer/ |publisher=Sew News |accessdate=2 December 2019 |date=9 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="Glassenberg">{{cite web |last1=Glassenberg |first1=Abby |title=Together at Work: When Your Spouse Joins Your Creative Business |url=https://craftindustryalliance.org/together-at-work-when-your-spouse-joins-your-creative-business/ |website=Craft Industry Alliance |accessdate=2 December 2019 |date=8 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="Deepika">{{cite web |last1=[Unknown] |first1=Deepika |title=The designers behind the Best Patterns of 2017 |url=https://sewing.patternreview.com/blog?s=2387855 |website=PatternReview.com |accessdate=2 December 2019 |language=en-us |date=12 February 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ccnzuggqovtnn952dfxlv09qdceumni 0 256891 1614128 2026-11-06T01:48:59Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marjorie Bear Don't Walk''' ([[1946]] –[[2026]]), aliyezaliwa kwa jina la '''Marjorie Rose Mitchell''', alikuwa mtaalamu wa huduma za afya mwenye asili ya Ojibwa na Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, pamoja na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] ya Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kama mtetezi wa mageuzi katika Indian Health Service, hasa kuhusu huduma za afya kwa Wenyeji wa Marekani wanaoishi mijini.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ma...' 1614128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marjorie Bear Don't Walk''' ([[1946]] –[[2026]]), aliyezaliwa kwa jina la '''Marjorie Rose Mitchell''', alikuwa mtaalamu wa huduma za afya mwenye asili ya Ojibwa na Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, pamoja na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] ya Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kama mtetezi wa mageuzi katika Indian Health Service, hasa kuhusu huduma za afya kwa Wenyeji wa Marekani wanaoishi mijini.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marjorie K Bear Dont Walk Obituary {{!}} Foster Funeral Home & Crematory {{!}} St Ignatius, MT |url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/48983224/marjorie-k-bear-dont-walk |access-date=2026-10-29 |website=www.tributearchive.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946|2026}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 06cine209oqp68o39o1q4n5xxq6rdbm 1614186 1614128 2026-11-06T08:08:20Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marjorie Bear Don't Walk''' ([[1946]] –[[2026]]), aliyezaliwa kwa jina la '''Marjorie Rose Mitchell''', alikuwa mtaalamu wa huduma za afya mwenye asili ya Ojibwa na Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes of the Flathead Nation, pamoja na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] ya Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]]. Alijulikana zaidi kama mtetezi wa mageuzi katika Indian Health Service, hasa kuhusu huduma za afya kwa Wenyeji wa Marekani wanaoishi mijini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Marjorie K Bear Dont Walk Obituary {{!}} Foster Funeral Home & Crematory {{!}} St Ignatius, MT |url=https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/48983224/marjorie-k-bear-dont-walk |access-date=2026-10-29 |website=www.tributearchive.com |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946|2026}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] gv12j2dqnp34h91riunzjcsou39m1qs 0 256892 1614129 2026-11-06T01:53:48Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Vanilla Powell Beane''' ('''Vanilla Powell'''; [[13 Septemba]], [[1919]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[2022]]), aliyejulikana kama "'''Mwanamke wa Kofia wa DC'''", alikuwa mshonaji wa [[kofia]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Moja ya kofia zake iliwekwa kwenye maonyesho na ipo katika mkusanyo wa National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC). [[Washington, D.C.]] huadhimisha Siku ya Vanilla Beane tarehe 13 Septemba.<ref name="wtop">{...' 1614129 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanilla Powell Beane''' ('''Vanilla Powell'''; [[13 Septemba]], [[1919]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[2022]]), aliyejulikana kama "'''Mwanamke wa Kofia wa DC'''", alikuwa mshonaji wa [[kofia]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Moja ya kofia zake iliwekwa kwenye maonyesho na ipo katika mkusanyo wa National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC). [[Washington, D.C.]] huadhimisha Siku ya Vanilla Beane tarehe 13 Septemba.<ref name="wtop">{{Cite web |title=DC fashion icon and milliner Vanilla Beane dies at 103 – WTOP News |author=Jessica Kronzer |publisher=WTOP News |date=October 25, 2022 |access-date=October 25, 2022 |url= https://wtop.com/dc/2022/10/dc-fashion-icon-and-milliner-vanilla-beane-dies-at-103/ }}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{Cite web |title=Centenarian celebrity hat maker honored – Document – Gale General OneFile |author=Drew C. Wilson |publisher=go-gale-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org |date=September 12, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2022 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599227427/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=fa45cd7f }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 6cz30ma311eacajyzvu1bxk9oj3z7i9 1614242 1614129 2026-11-06T10:09:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vanilla Powell Beane''' ('''Vanilla Powell'''; [[13 Septemba]], [[1919]] – [[23 Oktoba]], [[2022]]), aliyejulikana kama "'''Mwanamke wa Kofia wa DC'''", alikuwa mshonaji wa [[kofia]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Moja ya kofia zake iliwekwa kwenye maonyesho na ipo katika mkusanyo wa National Museum of African American History and Culture (NMAAHC). [[Washington, D.C.]] huadhimisha Siku ya Vanilla Beane tarehe 13 Septemba.<ref name="wtop">{{Rejea tovuti |title=DC fashion icon and milliner Vanilla Beane dies at 103 – WTOP News |author=Jessica Kronzer |publisher=WTOP News |date=October 25, 2022 |access-date=October 25, 2022 |url= https://wtop.com/dc/2022/10/dc-fashion-icon-and-milliner-vanilla-beane-dies-at-103/ }}</ref><ref name="wilson">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Centenarian celebrity hat maker honored – Document – Gale General OneFile |author=Drew C. Wilson |publisher=go-gale-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org |date=September 12, 2019 |access-date=October 25, 2022 |url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599227427/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=fa45cd7f }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|2022}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] bh7qhxlxuq37sw5y440l3dwma9dgygo 0 256893 1614130 2026-11-06T02:00:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kathrine Baumann''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mbunifu wa mikoba ya kifahari ya mitindo ya ''haute couture'' kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name="Paul2010">{{cite book|author=Tessa Paul|title=Handbags|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQfSX8nMtEC&pg=PA307|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Chartwell Books|isbn=978-0-7858-2592-0|pages=307–}}</ref>Alianzisha Kathrine Baumann Beverly Hills (KBBH), mkusanyo wa vifaa vya urembo na mikoba ya kifahari ya m...' 1614130 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathrine Baumann''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mbunifu wa mikoba ya kifahari ya mitindo ya ''haute couture'' kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name="Paul2010">{{cite book|author=Tessa Paul|title=Handbags|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQfSX8nMtEC&pg=PA307|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Chartwell Books|isbn=978-0-7858-2592-0|pages=307–}}</ref>Alianzisha Kathrine Baumann Beverly Hills (KBBH), mkusanyo wa vifaa vya urembo na mikoba ya kifahari ya mitindo ya ''haute couture''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sent-trib.com/news/front_page/miss-america-runner-up-returns-to-college-roots/article_482fd53a-1844-504d-91d3-41e6cdd9b814.html|title=Miss America runner-up returns to college roots|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-date=April 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416185209/https://www.sent-trib.com/news/front_page/miss-america-runner-up-returns-to-college-roots/article_482fd53a-1844-504d-91d3-41e6cdd9b814.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 1wmyjauv86naorzq04jcgy5tskbmpm7 1614179 1614130 2026-11-06T07:21:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614179 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kathrine Baumann''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na mbunifu wa mikoba ya kifahari ya mitindo ya ''haute couture'' kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name="Paul2010">{{cite book|author=Tessa Paul|title=Handbags|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ynQfSX8nMtEC&pg=PA307|date=1 June 2010|publisher=Chartwell Books|isbn=978-0-7858-2592-0|pages=307–}}</ref>Alianzisha Kathrine Baumann Beverly Hills (KBBH), mkusanyo wa vifaa vya urembo na mikoba ya kifahari ya mitindo ya ''haute couture''.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.sent-trib.com/news/front_page/miss-america-runner-up-returns-to-college-roots/article_482fd53a-1844-504d-91d3-41e6cdd9b814.html|title=Miss America runner-up returns to college roots|access-date=April 2, 2022|archive-date=April 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416185209/https://www.sent-trib.com/news/front_page/miss-america-runner-up-returns-to-college-roots/article_482fd53a-1844-504d-91d3-41e6cdd9b814.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 4ub06smnb02xxjndlekr98riba9uopi 0 256894 1614131 2026-11-06T02:03:36Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tuesday Bassen''' ni [[mchoraji]] na mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] ambaye kwa sasa anaishi [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]]. == Kazi == Tuesday Bassen alizaliwa Nebraska na alisoma katika Minneapolis College of Art and Design. Baada ya kuishi New York, alihamia [[Los Angeles]] na kuishi huko kwa miaka kadhaa kabla ya kuhamia Berlin, Ujerumani, mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thegreatdiscontent.com/interview/tuesday-bassen|title=Tuesday Bassen on The Great Dis...' 1614131 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuesday Bassen''' ni [[mchoraji]] na mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] ambaye kwa sasa anaishi [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]]. == Kazi == Tuesday Bassen alizaliwa Nebraska na alisoma katika Minneapolis College of Art and Design. Baada ya kuishi New York, alihamia [[Los Angeles]] na kuishi huko kwa miaka kadhaa kabla ya kuhamia Berlin, Ujerumani, mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thegreatdiscontent.com/interview/tuesday-bassen|title=Tuesday Bassen on The Great Discontent (TGD)|last=Discontent|first=The Great|work=The Great Discontent|access-date=2018-03-04|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.laweekly.com/arts/inside-ripped-off-indie-artist-tuesday-bassens-new-brick-and-mortar-store-in-chinatown-7259456|title=Inside Ripped-Off Indie Artist Tuesday Bassen's New Brick-and-Mortar Store in Chinatown|last=Stuart|first=Gwynedd|date=2016-08-15|work=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] hj4yfcy1a11s0u61cskryvhtna0oct6 1614237 1614131 2026-11-06T09:59:50Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tuesday Bassen''' ni [[mchoraji]] na mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] ambaye kwa sasa anaishi [[Berlin]], [[Ujerumani]]. == Kazi == Tuesday Bassen alizaliwa Nebraska na alisoma katika Minneapolis College of Art and Design. Baada ya kuishi New York, alihamia [[Los Angeles]] na kuishi huko kwa miaka kadhaa kabla ya kuhamia Berlin, Ujerumani, mwaka 2023.<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://thegreatdiscontent.com/interview/tuesday-bassen|title=Tuesday Bassen on The Great Discontent (TGD)|last=Discontent|first=The Great|work=The Great Discontent|access-date=2018-03-04|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.laweekly.com/arts/inside-ripped-off-indie-artist-tuesday-bassens-new-brick-and-mortar-store-in-chinatown-7259456|title=Inside Ripped-Off Indie Artist Tuesday Bassen's New Brick-and-Mortar Store in Chinatown|last=Stuart|first=Gwynedd|date=2016-08-15|work=L.A. Weekly|access-date=2018-03-04}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0jwxfbsqofx2f3eq1fws4hq3qx88udr 0 256895 1614132 2026-11-06T02:07:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kate Bartholomew''' ([[1868]] – [[1951]]) alikuwa mbunifu na mtengenezaji wa [[kofia]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeunda "Jazz Cap". Mwanzoni mwa taaluma yake, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa sanaa na mkurugenzi katika shule za [[Portland, Oregon]]. Pia aliendesha duka huko Portland, lililotengeneza bendera ndogo za mapambo na mabango.<ref name="TheOregonian1951">{{cite news |title=Death Takes Ex-Portlander. Kate Bartholomew Ran Factory Here. |url=https://w...' 1614132 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kate Bartholomew''' ([[1868]] – [[1951]]) alikuwa mbunifu na mtengenezaji wa [[kofia]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeunda "Jazz Cap". Mwanzoni mwa taaluma yake, alifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa sanaa na mkurugenzi katika shule za [[Portland, Oregon]]. Pia aliendesha duka huko Portland, lililotengeneza bendera ndogo za mapambo na mabango.<ref name="TheOregonian1951">{{cite news |title=Death Takes Ex-Portlander. Kate Bartholomew Ran Factory Here. |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-oregonian-death-takes-ex-portlander/174397349/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Oregonian |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=25 January 1951 |pages=13}} {{open access}}</ref><ref name="TheJournal1872">{{cite book |author1=California Legislature Assembly |author2=California Legislature Senate |title=The Journal of the Assembly, during the ... session of the Legislature of the State of California |date=1872 |page=205 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fJE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA205 |access-date=15 June 2025 |language=en |archive-date=16 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250616111026/https://books.google.com/books?id=fJE-AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA205 |url-status=live |format=Public domain}}</ref><ref name="TheSunday1911">{{cite news |title=G. M. Schuck Dies at 80 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sunday-oregonian-g-m-schuck-dies-a/174420688/ |access-date=13 June 2025 |work=The Sunday Oregonian |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |date=16 April 1911 |pages=39 |language=en |archive-date=13 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613134856/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sunday-oregonian-g-m-schuck-dies-a/174420688/ |url-status=live |format=Public domain}} {{open access}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1868|1951}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] l7iyqm2nbul1th0y0gkfn9ubevv5ias 0 256896 1614133 2026-11-06T02:10:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Odette Barsa''' ([[29 Desemba]], [[1901]] – [[8 Januari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[nguo]] za ndani za [[wanawake]] aliyezaliwa [[Syria]] na kuwa raia wa [[Marekani]], pamoja na mwanzilishi wa chapa iliyopewa jina lake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 26, 1946 |title=Odette Barsa Inspired By Portraits |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-odette-barsa-i/194907063/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=Austin American-Statesm...' 1614133 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odette Barsa''' ([[29 Desemba]], [[1901]] – [[8 Januari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[nguo]] za ndani za [[wanawake]] aliyezaliwa [[Syria]] na kuwa raia wa [[Marekani]], pamoja na mwanzilishi wa chapa iliyopewa jina lake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 26, 1946 |title=Odette Barsa Inspired By Portraits |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-odette-barsa-i/194907063/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |pages=9 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 18, 1977 |title=Lingerie's emphasis comfort |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/mount-vernon-argus-lingeries-emphasis-c/194907094/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=[[Mount Vernon Argus]] |pages=43 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1901|1975}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] tej95sfhtwzqogv0cgvqzqhriuaj8rm 1614195 1614133 2026-11-06T09:07:37Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odette Barsa''' ([[29 Desemba]], [[1901]] – [[8 Januari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[nguo]] za ndani za [[wanawake]] aliyezaliwa [[Syria]] na kuwa raia wa [[Marekani]], pamoja na mwanzilishi wa chapa iliyopewa jina lake.<ref>{{Rejea habari |date=November 26, 1946 |title=Odette Barsa Inspired By Portraits |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/austin-american-statesman-odette-barsa-i/194907063/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=[[Austin American-Statesman]] |pages=9 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |date=September 18, 1977 |title=Lingerie's emphasis comfort |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/mount-vernon-argus-lingeries-emphasis-c/194907094/ |access-date=2026-04-05 |work=[[Mount Vernon Argus]] |pages=43 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=registration}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1901|1975}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 9acd8gxd8w0r9v7n11zie5qm2kwhj1d 0 256897 1614134 2026-11-06T02:13:39Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robin Barnes''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa [[jazz]] na kiongozi wa mazoezi ya viungo kutoka [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Louisiana Love'', iliyotolewa mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=June 2026 |first=Que Duong{{!}}New Orleans Magazine |date=2026-06-01 |title=Homecoming for Robin Barnes, “The Songbird of New Orleans” |url=https://www.myneworleans.com/the-beat-homecoming/ |access-date...' 1614134 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin Barnes''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa [[jazz]] na kiongozi wa mazoezi ya viungo kutoka [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Louisiana Love'', iliyotolewa mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=June 2026 |first=Que Duong{{!}}New Orleans Magazine |date=2026-06-01 |title=Homecoming for Robin Barnes, “The Songbird of New Orleans” |url=https://www.myneworleans.com/the-beat-homecoming/ |access-date=2026-07-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Robin Barnes releases her debut album “Louisiana Love” - CBS Los Angeles |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/video/robin-barnes-releases-her-debut-album-louisiana-love/ |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lopez |first=Kenny |date=2016-09-07 |title='The Songbird of New Orleans' scores with first Billboard hit |url=https://wgno.com/2016/09/07/the-songbird-of-new-orleans-scores-with-first-billboard-hit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823154055/https://wgno.com/2016/09/07/the-songbird-of-new-orleans-scores-with-first-billboard-hit/ |archive-date=2019-08-23 |work=WGNO |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://robinbarnesmusic.com/home|title=New Orleans Female Jazz Singer & Songwriter Robin Barnes|website=Robin Barnes Music|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] gn11sdtiggxcauy19ikeymh10a2sb1x 1614207 1614134 2026-11-06T09:28:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin Barnes''' ni [[mwimbaji]] wa muziki wa [[jazz]] na kiongozi wa mazoezi ya viungo kutoka [[New Orleans]], [[Louisiana]], [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa albamu yake ya kwanza ''Louisiana Love'', iliyotolewa mwaka 2026.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=June 2026 |first=Que Duong{{!}}New Orleans Magazine |date=2026-06-01 |title=Homecoming for Robin Barnes, “The Songbird of New Orleans” |url=https://www.myneworleans.com/the-beat-homecoming/ |access-date=2026-07-13 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Robin Barnes releases her debut album “Louisiana Love” - CBS Los Angeles |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/video/robin-barnes-releases-her-debut-album-louisiana-love/ |access-date=2026-07-13 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Lopez |first=Kenny |date=2016-09-07 |title='The Songbird of New Orleans' scores with first Billboard hit |url=https://wgno.com/2016/09/07/the-songbird-of-new-orleans-scores-with-first-billboard-hit/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190823154055/https://wgno.com/2016/09/07/the-songbird-of-new-orleans-scores-with-first-billboard-hit/ |archive-date=2019-08-23 |work=WGNO |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://robinbarnesmusic.com/home|title=New Orleans Female Jazz Singer & Songwriter Robin Barnes|website=Robin Barnes Music|language=en-US|access-date=2017-04-05}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] kw1srldrmrv8g9cf3ggm0e9pvt6p82u 0 256898 1614135 2026-11-06T02:16:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jhane Barnes''' ni mbunifu kutoka [[Marekani]] wa [[mavazi]], vitambaa, [[miwani]], mazulia na fanicha, na mmiliki wa kampuni ya usanifu wa mitindo ya ''Jhane Barnes''. Barnes anajulikana kwa kujumuisha ruwaza changamano za kihisabati katika usanifu wake wa mavazi.<ref name="Vegas Magazine" >{{cite web|url=https://vegasmagazine.com/|title=Vegas Magazine - Events, Style, Fine Dining & Culture|website=vegasmagazine.com|access-date=Apr 12, 2019}}</ref><ref...' 1614135 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jhane Barnes''' ni mbunifu kutoka [[Marekani]] wa [[mavazi]], vitambaa, [[miwani]], mazulia na fanicha, na mmiliki wa kampuni ya usanifu wa mitindo ya ''Jhane Barnes''. Barnes anajulikana kwa kujumuisha ruwaza changamano za kihisabati katika usanifu wake wa mavazi.<ref name="Vegas Magazine" >{{cite web|url=https://vegasmagazine.com/|title=Vegas Magazine - Events, Style, Fine Dining & Culture|website=vegasmagazine.com|access-date=Apr 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Augustin|first1=Sally|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoRooqUJwVsC&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PA51|title=Place Advantage: Applied Psychology for Interior Architecture|last2=Frankel|first2=Neil|last3=Coleman|first3=Cindy|date=2009-04-06|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-42212-0|pages=51|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Aufmann|first1=Richard N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TIKAAAAQBAJ&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PA607|title=Intermediate Algebra|last2=Lockwood|first2=Joanne|date=2012-01-01|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-71152-0|pages=607|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Pink|first=Daniel H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0130ePgzAcC&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PT135|title=A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future|date=2006-03-07|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-15790-9|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] c1ghcyv7a7b7vyenwj91f170g5u9arf 1614176 1614135 2026-11-06T07:08:21Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614176 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jhane Barnes''' ni mbunifu kutoka [[Marekani]] wa [[mavazi]], vitambaa, [[miwani]], mazulia na fanicha, na mmiliki wa kampuni ya usanifu wa mitindo ya ''Jhane Barnes''. Barnes anajulikana kwa kujumuisha ruwaza changamano za kihisabati katika usanifu wake wa mavazi.<ref name="Vegas Magazine" >{{cite web|url=https://vegasmagazine.com/|title=Vegas Magazine - Events, Style, Fine Dining & Culture|website=vegasmagazine.com|access-date=Apr 12, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last1=Augustin|first1=Sally|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hoRooqUJwVsC&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PA51|title=Place Advantage: Applied Psychology for Interior Architecture|last2=Frankel|first2=Neil|last3=Coleman|first3=Cindy|date=2009-04-06|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-42212-0|pages=51|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last1=Aufmann|first1=Richard N.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8TIKAAAAQBAJ&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PA607|title=Intermediate Algebra|last2=Lockwood|first2=Joanne|date=2012-01-01|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-71152-0|pages=607|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|last=Pink|first=Daniel H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O0130ePgzAcC&q=jhane+barnes&pg=PT135|title=A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future|date=2006-03-07|publisher=Penguin|isbn=978-1-101-15790-9|language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1954|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] d7s3bbx4q1dt8h6zwrkv6dgejpmo8nb 0 256899 1614136 2026-11-06T02:20:10Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Judy Barbour''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya mapishi na aliyekuwa mwandishi wa safu ya habari za vyakula katika gazeti la ''Bay City Tribune''. Akiwa amechapisha kazi nyingi kuhusu vyakula vya [[magharibi]] mwa [[Marekani]], hasa [[Wyoming]], [[Texas]] na [[Colorado]], Barbour alifanya kazi pamoja na mumewe katika kuendesha migahawa kadhaa, nyumba ya kulala wageni kwa wawindaji, na mpango wa safari za ndege kwa ajili ya wawindaji.<ref name="Barry">{{c...' 1614136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judy Barbour''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya mapishi na aliyekuwa mwandishi wa safu ya habari za vyakula katika gazeti la ''Bay City Tribune''. Akiwa amechapisha kazi nyingi kuhusu vyakula vya [[magharibi]] mwa [[Marekani]], hasa [[Wyoming]], [[Texas]] na [[Colorado]], Barbour alifanya kazi pamoja na mumewe katika kuendesha migahawa kadhaa, nyumba ya kulala wageni kwa wawindaji, na mpango wa safari za ndege kwa ajili ya wawindaji.<ref name="Barry">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=December 21, 2011 |title=Barry Joel Lane Barbour |url=https://baycitytribune.com/obituaries/article_58208da8-2b48-11e1-8d6f-001871e3ce6c.html |work=[[The Bay City Tribune]] |access-date=June 21, 2024}}</ref><ref name="Victoria">{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=September 24, 1978 |title=Meet Judy: She Can Do It All |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/victoria-advocate-meet-judy-she-can-do/149427218/ |work=[[Victoria Advocate]] |access-date=June 16, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=<!--not stated--> |date=July 6, 1976 |title=Imeson's Student Of The Week |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-jackson-hole-guide-imesons-student/149484846/ |work=[[The Jackson Hole Guide]] |access-date=June 17, 2024 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 40nd9xlq5fa35mmbnjzfuvz9fmvdocb 0 256900 1614137 2026-11-06T02:23:37Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Louella Ballerino''' ([[4 Juni]], [[1900]] – [[13 Aprili]], [[1978]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika usanifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[michezo]].<ref name=Ingenuity>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ByvsBRNapAC&pg=PA78 |title=American Ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s |last=Harrison Martin |first=Richard |chapter=Profiles of Designers |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of...' 1614137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louella Ballerino''' ([[4 Juni]], [[1900]] – [[13 Aprili]], [[1978]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika usanifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[michezo]].<ref name=Ingenuity>{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ByvsBRNapAC&pg=PA78 |title=American Ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s |last=Harrison Martin |first=Richard |chapter=Profiles of Designers |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |location=New York City |page=78 |isbn=9780870998638 |year=1998 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name=VFG>{{Cite web |url=https://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/louella-ballerino/ |title=Louella Ballerino |publisher=Vintage Fashion Guild |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1978}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 17idmjsd0761bf1ma2s9tk4c5chlt4q 1614185 1614137 2026-11-06T07:56:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1614185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louella Ballerino''' ([[4 Juni]], [[1900]] – [[13 Aprili]], [[1978]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kazi zake katika usanifu wa [[mavazi]] ya [[michezo]].<ref name=Ingenuity>{{Rejea kitabu |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0ByvsBRNapAC&pg=PA78 |title=American Ingenuity: Sportswear, 1930s-1970s |last=Harrison Martin |first=Richard |chapter=Profiles of Designers |publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |location=New York City |page=78 |isbn=9780870998638 |year=1998 |access-date=December 6, 2016 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name=VFG>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/louella-ballerino/ |title=Louella Ballerino |publisher=Vintage Fashion Guild |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date=December 6, 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1900|1978}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] gghr2xv8wn2fxm3q9ox5cto3o4zqje0 0 256901 1614138 2026-11-06T02:27:00Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mimi Fayazi''' (amezaliwa [[10 Agosti]], [[1947]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyepata mafanikio makubwa hasa katika miaka ya 1970.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-efficient-look-fro/128248349/ |title=Efficient Look from Fayazi |date=May 2, 1977 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=64 |access-date=2023-07-15 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Fayazi-Drexler: A Fash...' 1614138 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mimi Fayazi''' (amezaliwa [[10 Agosti]], [[1947]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyepata mafanikio makubwa hasa katika miaka ya 1970.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-efficient-look-fro/128248349/ |title=Efficient Look from Fayazi |date=May 2, 1977 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=64 |access-date=2023-07-15 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Fayazi-Drexler: A Fashion Success Story |last=Kay |first=Linda |date=May 4, 1977 |newspaper=San Diego Evening Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=About Fayazi - She's come into her own |last=St. Ambrogio |first=Jill |date=May 4, 1978 |newspaper=Beverly Hills Post}}</ref>Mimi alizaliwa [[Iran]] na alikuja New York mwaka 1967 ili kusomea usanifu wa mitindo katika Mayer School of Fashion Design. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 79ujxd4mye0cmugwdqx74xzafffyfbt 1614188 1614138 2026-11-06T08:22:01Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1614188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mimi Fayazi''' (amezaliwa [[10 Agosti]], [[1947]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyepata mafanikio makubwa hasa katika miaka ya 1970.<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-efficient-look-fro/128248349/ |title=Efficient Look from Fayazi |date=May 2, 1977 |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |page=64 |access-date=2023-07-15 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea habari |title=Fayazi-Drexler: A Fashion Success Story |last=Kay |first=Linda |date=May 4, 1977 |newspaper=San Diego Evening Tribune}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea habari |title=About Fayazi - She's come into her own |last=St. Ambrogio |first=Jill |date=May 4, 1978 |newspaper=Beverly Hills Post}}</ref>Mimi alizaliwa [[Iran]] na alikuja New York mwaka 1967 ili kusomea usanifu wa mitindo katika Mayer School of Fashion Design. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1947|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 557eib11umlgj1fcaot09a4wpg2gz7r 0 256902 1614139 2026-11-06T03:46:29Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Delfina Chaves''' (alizaliwa [[19 Februari]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. Anajulikana kimataifa zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya kuigiza kama Malkia Máxima wa [[Uholanzi]] katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha ''Máxima''. == Maisha ya awali == Ni binti wa Miguel Chaves, ambaye ni mbunifu wa majengo, na Alejandra Schulz, ambaye ni mwigizaji. Dada yake mkubwa, Paula Chaves, pia ni mwigizaji. Chaves alisomea uigizaji, dansi na uimbaji alipokuwa akisoma [[shule ya sekondari]]. == Kazi na taaluma == Chaves alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16, mwaka [[2012]], katika kipindi cha [[vichekesho]] cha ''televisheni (sitcom) Concubinos'' (Wanaoishi pamoja), kilichoonyeshwa na kituo cha televisheni cha Argentina cha El Trece. Mwaka mmoja baadaye, alifanya kwa mara ya kwanza uigizaji wa jukwaani katika mchezo wa ''Viaje de Locura'' (Safari ya Kichaa). Mwaka [[2018]], Chaves aliigiza nafasi ya Elena Abadi katika mfululizo wa vipindi vya Netflix wa Argentina uitwao ''Edha''. Alipata sifa kwa uigizaji wake wa nafasi ya Lucía Morel katika [[tamthilia]] ya kihistoria ya Argentina ''Argentina, tierra de amor y venganza''. Mwaka [[2022]], Chaves aliigiza kama Manuela katika mfululizo wa vipindi vya Netflix wa [[Mexico]] uitwao ''El secreto de la familia Greco''. Alipata mafanikio makubwa kimataifa mwaka [[2024]] kupitia nafasi yake ya kuigiza kama Máxima Zorreguieta katika kipindi cha televisheni cha Máxima. Uzalishaji wa msimu wa pili wa kipindi hicho ulianza mwaka [[2025]]. <ref>https://carcelen.net/artistas/delfina-chaves/</ref><ref>https://www.sensacine.com.mx/actores/actor-834837/biografia/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} it2ep3tqrue3kdnqxtmi20yt0cvsi60 0 256903 1614140 2026-11-06T03:53:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Macarena Achaga in 2018 Awards (cropped).jpg|thumb|Macarena Achaga]] '''Macarena Achaga Figueroa''' (matamshi ya [[Kihispania]]: [makaˈɾena aˈtʃaɣa]; alizaliwa [[5 Machi]] [[1992]]), anajulikana kitaaluma kama '''Macarena Achaga''', ni [[mwanamitindo]], [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. Mwaka [[2012]], alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Mexico Miss XV''. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la [[muziki wa pop]] la Mexico na Argentina, ''Eme'' 15, kuanzia mwaka [[2011]] hadi [[2014]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuigiza mhusika Valentina Carvajal katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Love to Death''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5238331/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131110182614/http://www.esquirelat.com/mujeres/575083/y-dios-creo-a...-macarena-achaga/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} cyk3hg9yl02ptrwmv29jf0m48enzhvw 0 256904 1614141 2026-11-06T04:00:39Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Celeste Cid''' (alizaliwa [[19 Januari]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[tamthilia]] za [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. == Maisha ya awali == María Celeste Cid alizaliwa tarehe 19 Januari 1984 na kukulia katika kitongoji cha San Cristóbal jijini Buenos Aires. == Kazi na taaluma == Kazi yake ya uigizaji ilianza akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] kumi na tatu, wakati shangazi yake alipompeleka kwenye majaribio ya kuigiza katika kipindi cha watoto cha ''Chiquititas''. Baada ya kushiriki pia katika ''Verano del '98, Celeste'' alipata nafasi yake ya kwanza ya kuongoza katika tamthilia ya ''EnAmorArte'', akiigiza pamoja na Emanuel Ortega. Mwaka [[2002]], alishiriki katika tamthilia ya televisheni ''Franco Buenaventura, el profe'', iliyoongozwa na Osvaldo Laport.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0162100/</ref><ref>https://www.ciudad.com.ar/espectaculos/86165/celeste-cid-no-sera-la-heroina-de-el-lobo-tres-candidatas-reemplazarla/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} f9pvw8t86kpbc5viyl0pn91etorgqc0 0 256905 1614142 2026-11-06T04:06:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614142 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Isabel Macedo''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alikuwa Mke wa Rais wa Mkoa wa Salta kuanzia [[24 Septemba]] [[2016]] hadi [[10 Desemba]] [[2019]]. == Wasifu == María Isabel Macedo alizaliwa katika jiji la ''San Salvador de Jujuy''. Kwa sehemu kubwa ya utoto wake aliishi katika nyumba ya ghorofa iliyokuwa katika kitongoji cha ''Palermo'' jijini [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina. Baba yake alikuwa mtaalamu wa kilimo kutoka Jujuy, huku mama yake akiwa [[mwalimu]]. Sehemu kubwa ya [[familia]] yake inatoka katika Mkoa wa ''San Salvador de Jujuy'', Argentina. Yeye ndiye mtoto wa mwisho kati ya ndugu wanne wa kiume, ingawa kwa hakika ni ndugu watatu wa kambo, kwa sababu hao ni watoto wa mke wa kwanza wa baba yao.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0532124/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 8n3gnqd1chl5apjmn0b699pc1ke14ay 0 256906 1614143 2026-11-06T04:16:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luisana Loreley Lopilato de la Torre Bublé''' (alizaliwa [[18 Mei]] [[1987]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa zamani kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa bendi ya [[muziki wa pop]] na ''rock'' ya ''Erreway'' kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2004. == Maisha ya awali == Lopilato alizaliwa na Eduardo Lopilato na Beatriz de la Torre. Ndugu zake wakubwa ni mwigizaji na mtaalamu wa lishe Daniela Lopilato pamoja na mwigizaji Darío. Ana asili ya Kihispania na Kiitalia; babu yake wa kizazi cha nne alikuwa mhamiaji kutoka ''Muro Lucano'', katika Mkoa wa [[Potenza]]. Alikulia katika [[familia]] ya [[Kikristo]] ya Kiinjili na amewahi kusema kuwa yeye ni Mkristo mwenye imani thabiti. == Kazi ya televisheni == === Chiquititas (1999–2001) === Lopilato alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza kama mgeni katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha ''Chiquititas'' mwaka 1997 akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 10. Baadaye, alifanya kazi yake ya kwanza katika kipindi cha televisheni cha ''Mi familia es un dibujo'' mwaka 1998 akiwa na umri wa miaka 11. Aliendelea kufanya kazi kama mwanamitindo wa watoto na kuonekana katika matangazo ya televisheni, jambo ambalo alianza akiwa na umri wa miaka mitano.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0520244/</ref><ref>https://people.com/music/luisana-lopilato-michael-buble-wife-five-facts/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 5h5rpafc89t0k54gx1nublxhtdl2bno 0 256907 1614144 2026-11-06T04:23:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Camila Rebeca Morrone''' (hutamkwa /məˈroʊn/; alizaliwa [[16 Juni]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika [[filamu]] ya ''Bukowski'' (2013), iliyoongozwa na James Franco. Pia alionekana katika filamu ya mapigano ''Death Wish'' (2018), pamoja na filamu huru ''Never Goin' Back'' (2018) na ''Mickey and the Bear'' (2019). Kwa nafasi yake ya Camila Alvarez-Dunne katika mfululizo wa vipindi maalumu vya ''Daisy Jones & the Six'' (2023), ulioonyeshwa kupitia ''Amazon Prime Video'', aliteuliwa kuwania [[tuzo]] ya ''Primetime Emmy''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Morrone alizaliwa jijini [[Los Angeles]], katika familia ya waigizaji kutoka [[Argentina]], Maximo Morrone na Lucila Polak (anajulikana kwa jina la kisanii Lucila Solá). Wazazi wake walihamia Los Angeles muda mfupi kabla ya kuzaliwa kwake, na walitalikiana mwaka 2006.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6714979/</ref><ref>https://www.lofficielusa.com/pop-culture/camila-morrone-facts-leonardo-dicaprio-al-pacino-daisy-jones-actress</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 318f0gszd2jiml08j475fn4duvzqz1c 0 256908 1614145 2026-11-06T04:30:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Micaela''' (anajulikana pia kama '''Mica''' '''Argañaraz''' (alizaliwa [[16 Mei]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na msanii kutoka [[Argentina]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa mwanamitindo anayependwa na kampuni za mitindo za ''Chanel'' na ''Versace''. Amewahi kutajwa kuwa miongoni mwa [[wanawake]] maarufu wenye ushawishi katika ulimwengu wa mitindo na kuwa mtu mwenye nguvu na ushawishi mkubwa katika tasnia ya mitindo. Kwa sasa, tovuti ya ''models.com'' imempa hadhi ya “Ikoni ya Tasnia”. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Akiwa mtoto wa Gloria Ebbeke, mpiga picha. Baba yake ni [[mfanyabiashara]] katika sekta ya kilimo. Ana kaka mmoja anayeitwa Rafael, anayejulikana pia kwa jina la “Rafa”, ambaye ni mpiga picha wa [[filamu]], na dada wawili: Milagros, anayefanya kazi ya kufundisha yoga, na Ximena, anayejulikana pia kama “Xime”, ambaye pia ni mwanamitindo. Kabla ya kuanza kazi ya uanamitindo, Argañaraz alisomea [[upigaji picha]] za filamu.<ref>https://www.clarin.com/viva/mica-arganaraz-chica-argentina-crecio-campo-hoy-mejores-top-models-mundo_0_Qe4luNTFv.html</ref><ref>https://www.elle.com.au/fashion/fashion-news/meet-new-prada-muse-mica-arganaraz-1943/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 0su4pxavquj69a9nh74uyouxm9hu6by 0 256909 1614147 2026-11-06T04:37:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614147 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Valentina Ferrer NY 2025.jpg|thumb|Valentina Ferrer]] '''Valentina Ferrer''' (alizaliwa [[19 Septemba]] [[1993]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alitawazwa kuwa ''Miss Argentina'' 2014 na kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe 2014''. Kama mwanamitindo, anawakilishwa na mawakala wa wanamitindo katika miji ya [[Buenos Aires]], [[Mexico City]], ''Miami'' na nchini [[Brazil]]. Amewahi kutembea katika majukwaa ya maonesho ya mitindo ya ''Funkshion Fashion Week, Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week'' na ''Miami Fashion Week''. Katika maonesho hayo, alishiriki majukwaa na ''Miss Universe 2013'', Gabriela Isler, pamoja na ''Miss Universe 2008'', Dayana Mendoza. Kama mwigizaji, anajulikana kwa kushiriki katika [[tamthilia]] ya televisheni ''Betty en NY'' (2019). Mwaka 2017, alionekana katika video ya muziki ya Enrique Iglesias iliyoitwa "''Messing Around''". Mwezi Mei mwaka huohuo, aliigiza katika video ya muziki ya J. Balvin iliyoitwa "''Sigo Extrañándote''".<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7057045/</ref><ref>https://tn.com.ar/estilo/celebridades/los-secretos-de-armario-de-valentina-ferrer-la-novia-argentina-de-j-balvin_979417/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} iq6eopsc6l6jq5nv8a5hra97g67bcyf 0 256910 1614148 2026-11-06T04:43:21Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Julieta Cardinali.jpg|thumb|Julieta Cardinali]] '''Julieta Cardinali''' (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. == Kazi na taaluma == Julieta Cardinali alianza kazi yake katika [[televisheni]] akiwa ''Paquita'' wa kwanza asiye Mbrazili katika toleo la Argentina la kipindi cha televisheni ''El show de Xuxa'', kilichoongozwa na Xuxa. Mwaka 1995, alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya kipindi cha televisheni ''Jugate con todo'', kilichoongozwa na Cris Morena. Mwaka 1996, alijiunga na waigizaji wa [[tamthilia]] ya televisheni ''Montaña rusa, otra vuelta''. Mwaka 1997, alijiunga na waigizaji wa tamthilia ya televisheni ''Sueltos''.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0136509/</ref><ref>https://cinenacional.com/persona/julieta-cardinali</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} q84443k1fp7zz04j4qlcvb94wvwj6so 0 256911 1614149 2026-11-06T04:53:06Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614149 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maia Reficco''' (alizaliwa [[14 Julai]] [[2000]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] mwenye uraia wa [[Marekani]] na [[Argentina]]. Alipata umaarufu kupitia uigizaji wake wa mhusika mkuu katika [[tamthilia]] ya muziki ya televisheni ''Kally's Mashup'' (2017–2019), iliyorushwa na ''Nickelodeon Latin America'', pamoja na nafasi ya Noa Olivar katika mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] wa kusisimua wenye maudhui ya kutisha wa ''Pretty Little Liars'' (2022–2024), ulioonyeshwa kupitia ''HBO Max''. Huo ni mfululizo wa nne katika mkusanyiko wa kazi za ''Pretty Little Liars''. Pia aliigiza katika [[filamu]] ''Do Revenge'' (2022), ''One Fast Move'' (2024) na ''La Dolce Villa'' (2025). Mwaka 2024, Reficco alianza kuigiza kwa mara ya kwanza katika ukumbi wa michezo wa ''Broadway'', akicheza nafasi ya Eurydice katika tamthilia ya muziki ''Hadestown'', pamoja na ''Jordan Fisher''. == Maisha ya awali == Reficco alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Boston, Massachusetts]], nchini Marekani. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] minne, alihamia [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina, pamoja na familia yake yenye asili ya Argentina. Tangu akiwa mdogo, alionyesha kupenda muziki, uimbaji na kucheza ala mbalimbali za muziki, zikiwemo [[gitaa]], [[piano]], [[saksafoni]] na [[ukulele]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm9854786/</ref><ref>https://spoiler.bolavip.com/series/Pretty-Little-Liars-Quien-es-Maia-Reficco-la-actriz-argentina-que-sorprende-en-HBO-Max-20220729-0017.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Argentina]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} clhdaydzl6xja5sbjg11vw220v637jb 0 256912 1614150 2026-11-06T05:01:05Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Anya Taylor-Joy at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival. 07 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Anya Taylor-Joy ]] '''Anya-Josephine Marie Taylor-Joy''' (hutamkwa /ˈænjə/; alizaliwa [[16 Aprili]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwigizaji]]. Alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Miami]], akakulia katika miji ya [[Buenos Aires]] na [[London]]. Alianza kufuatilia ndoto yake ya kuwa mwigizaji akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16. Baada ya kupata nafasi ndogo kadhaa katika vipindi vya [[televisheni]], alipata umaarufu mkubwa kupitia nafasi ya mhusika mkuu katika filamu ya kutisha ''The Witch'' (2015). Baadaye aliigiza katika filamu ya kutisha ''Split'' (2016) na mwendelezo wake ''Glass'' (2019), filamu ya [[vichekesho]] vyeusi ''Thoroughbreds'' (2017), pamoja na tamthilia ya uhalifu ya televisheni ''Peaky Blinders'' (2019–2022). Taylor-Joy pia aliigiza kama Emma Woodhouse katika filamu ya kihistoria ''Emma'' (2020). Alipata umaarufu mkubwa zaidi kupitia uigizaji wake wa Beth Harmon katika tamthilia fupi ya kihistoria ya televisheni ''The Queen's Gambit'' (2020). Kwa uigizaji huo, alipokea [[tuzo]] ya ''Golden Globe na SAG Award'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, pamoja na uteuzi wa tuzo ya ''Primetime Emmy'' ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Nafasi ya Uongozi.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5896355/</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/facts/Anya-Taylor-Joy</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} dpr7amapmwjopweiw8ctdxj7l5qyke9 0 256913 1614151 2026-11-06T05:08:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Delfina Blaquier Frers''' (alizaliwa [[20 Novemba]] [[1980]]) ni [[mwanamke]] maarufu katika jamii ya watu mashuhuri, [[mpiga picha]], [[mfanyabiashara]] katika sekta ya mitindo na [[mwanariadha]] wa zamani wa mchezo wa kuruka juu kutoka [[Argentina]]. Akiwa mwanariadha kijana katika miaka ya 1990, Blaquier alishiriki mashindano ya kimataifa ya kuruka juu kwa wanawake. Alishinda [[medali]] ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana ya [[Amerika Kusini]] mwaka 1996, medali ya fedha katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Amerika Kusini mwaka 1997, na medali mbili za dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Riadha ya Vijana wa Chini ya [[Miaka]] 20 ya Amerika Kusini mwaka 1997 na 1998. Mwaka 1998, alishika nafasi ya nane katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Riadha ya Vijana wa Chini ya Miaka 20. == Wasifu == Blaquier ni binti wa dereva wa mashindano ya magari kutoka Argentina, ''Delfina Frers,'' na ''Eduardo Blaquier'', ambaye ni mwanachama wa mojawapo ya [[familia]] tajiri zaidi nchini Argentina. Familia ya baba yake inamiliki shamba kubwa la kifahari lililopo katika eneo la Lobos (''Estancia La Concepción)'', eneo kubwa la ardhi nchini Argentina.<ref>https://www.perfil.com/noticias/sociedad/ricas-y-famosas-las-mujeres-de-la-familia-blaquier-20111101-0022.phtml</ref><ref>https://coveteur.com/inside-delfina-blaquier-closet</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wanariadha wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wapiga picha]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mtu}} 3tewd1wvzn88ik9cpmx8wa4qhhy8csl 0 256914 1614152 2026-11-06T05:19:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''María Inés Rivero''' (alizaliwa [[18 Agosti]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. Aligunduliwa akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 14. Alipata umaarufu kupitia kazi yake kama mmoja wa wanamitindo wa Victoria’s Secret, na picha zake zilionekana kwenye kurasa za mbele za majarida ya ''Elle, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Fashion, Marie Claire'' na ''Mirabella'' katika nchi mbalimbali. == Maisha ya awali na familia == Rivero alizaliwa nchini Argentina na kukulia katika mji wa [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], Argentina. Mama yake ana asili ya [[Syria]] na [[Jordan]], huku baba yake akiwa na asili ya [[Italia]] na [[Ureno]]. Mama yake alimwandikisha katika shule ya uanamitindo alipokuwa bado msichana mdogo. Alianza kazi ya uanamitindo akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 katika onesho la mitindo lililofanyika eneo lao. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 16, wakala mmoja wa wanamitindo alimgundua kupitia shule yake ya uanamitindo katika mji alikokulia wa Córdoba.<ref>https://www.cadena3.com/noticia/espectaculos/la-lucha-de-ines-rivero-contra-la-esclerosis-multiple_259312</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} i6mu3ekpm8vpsnwkzezd6uxn4jyvlak 0 256915 1614153 2026-11-06T05:24:59Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yamila Díaz-Rahi''' (alizaliwa [[9 Machi]] [[1976]]), anajulikana pia kama '''Yamila Diaz''', ni [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Argentina]]. Ameonekana katika toleo maalumu la mavazi ya kuogelea la jarida la ''Sports Illustrated'' mara 11 kwa jumla (matoleo 10 ya tahariri). Alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza kwenye jalada la jarida hilo mwaka 2002 na tena mwaka 2006. Pia alishiriki katika toleo la maadhimisho ya miaka 50 ya ''Sports Illustrated'' mwaka 2014 lililopewa jina la ''“The Legends”.'' == Usuli == Díaz alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Buenos Aires]], nchini Argentina. Baba yake ana asili ya [[Hispania]] na [[Lebanoni]], huku mama yake akiwa na asili ya Hispania. Baba yake alikuwa [[daktari]], na mama yake alikuwa msimamizi wa huduma za afya. Mwaka 1996, alipokuwa akisomea Uchumi jijini Buenos Aires, alisafiri kwenda [[Uruguay]] kwa likizo, ambako aligunduliwa na mtafutaji vipaji kutoka katika wakala wa wanamitindo wa [[Milano|Milan]].<ref>https://www.fmdb.com/models/yamila-diaz-rahi</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1146929/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 3s2sjp68wn24blb6i04zm6exwv4clhm 0 256916 1614154 2026-11-06T05:31:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soledad Fandiño''' (alizaliwa [[7 Aprili]] [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Argentina]] anayefanya kazi zake hasa katika [[televisheni]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji kwa kushiriki katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Rebelde'' ''Way'' mwaka 2003. Mwaka 2009, alianza pia kufanya kazi katika ukumbi wa michezo, akipata nafasi ya kuigiza katika [[tamthilia]] iliyotokana na kitabu cha ''Alice in Wonderland''. == Kazi na taaluma == === Mwanzo wa kazi === Fandiño alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Rebelde Way'' mwaka 2003. Baadaye alichaguliwa kuigiza nafasi ya Felicitas katika tamthilia ya [[vichekesho]] ya familia ya ''Ricos y Mocosos'' (2004–2005). Nafasi hiyo ilikuza kazi yake ya uigizaji na kumwezesha kupata uteuzi wa [[tuzo]] za mwigizaji mpya bora katika Tuzo za ''Martín Fierro'' na ''Tuzo za Clarín''. Katika miaka mitatu iliyofuata, aliendelea kupata nafasi kuu katika tamthilia za vichekesho za familia na mfululizo wa televisheni uliotayarishwa na kampuni ya ''Pol-ka'' kwa ajili ya kituo cha Canal 13.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1614819/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} q23om3hlwothnormt4quhvqwrgh538y 0 256917 1614155 2026-11-06T05:39:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tülin Şahin (cropped).jpg|thumb|Tülin Şahin]] '''Tülin Şahin''' (alizaliwa [[13 Desemba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] maarufu mwenye uraia wa [[Denmark]] na [[Uturuki]], [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]], [[mwandishi]] na [[mwigizaji]]. == Maisha na kazi == Şahin alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Odense]], nchini Denmark, na alitumia kipindi cha utoto wake huko. Aligunduliwa akiwa katika kituo cha ununuzi na mwaka 1998 akaenda [[Paris]] kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo kitaaluma. Baadaye alikwenda Uturuki, nchi walikozaliwa wazazi wake, kufanya kazi na kampuni ya ''Zeki Triko''. Şahin alipewa jina la utani la ''Sivaslı Cindy'', linalomaanisha “Cindy wa Sivas”, kutokana na kufanana kwake kwa karibu na mwanamitindo Cindy Crawford, hasa kwa kuwa wote wana alama ya urembo usoni. Pia, jina hilo lilihusishwa na mji wa [[Sivas]], ambao ni mji wa asili wa familia yake. Pamoja na aliyekuwa mume wake, Mehmet Özer, alishiriki katika shughuli za misaada na za kibinadamu. Baadaye alianzisha tovuti ya ''tuliss.com'' kwa ajili ya [[wanawake]].<ref>https://www.aksam.com.tr/magazin/tulin-sahin-kirk-gunlukken-olumden-donmusum/haber-1030434</ref><ref>https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/tulin-sahin-anne-oldu-tulin-sahin-ve-pedro-de-noronha-kizlari-siena-istanbulda-dunyaya-geldi-4797286</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} ek9xns56gxozx1yl0vz6yoxzw0i8mh5 0 256918 1614156 2026-11-06T05:49:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Çağla Şıkel''' (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1979]]) ni mcheza [[dansi]] wa ballet, [[mwanamitindo]], [[mwigizaji]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Uturuki]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Akiwa mtoto wa pili wa Asuman na Hüseyin Şıkel. Baba yake alikuwa mshauri wa masuala ya fedha mwenye asili ya [[Azerbaijan]], huku mama yake akiwa mama wa nyumbani mwenye asili ya Wacherkesi. Ana dada mkubwa anayeitwa Berna. Mwaka 1997, alijiunga na Chuo cha Sanaa cha Mimar Sinan, katika idara ya [[muziki]] na sanaa za maonesho, na alihitimu mwaka 1999. == Orodha ya kazi zake za filamu na televisheni == Kama mwigizaji * ''Görgüsüzle''r (''Sultan'') (2008) * ''Cennet Mahallesi'' (''Sultan Erdağı'') (2004–2007) * ''Avrupa Yakası (Melek)'' * ''Zehirli Çiçek'' * ''Dostlar Mahallesi'' (2017) * J''et Sosyete'' (akijichezesha mwenyewe) (2017; kipindi cha 3). <ref>https://www.sabah.com.tr/magazin/iste-cagla-sikelin-ablasi-3392487</ref><ref>https://www.internethaber.com/cagla-sikel-evlilik-yildonumunde-bale-yapti-569720h.htm</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} iagkeqmkwrd0x2gwa7i63otc8vca3sm 0 256919 1614158 2026-11-06T05:56:31Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614158 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deniz Akkaya''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] maarufu kutoka [[Uturuki]], [[mtangazaji]], mhariri wa mitindo wa mara chache, mpiga diski (DJ), [[mjasiriamali]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwigizaji]]. Alishinda taji la Mwanamitindo Bora wa Uturuki mwaka 1997. Akiwa mwanamitindo aliyekuwa na kipato kikubwa zaidi nchini Uturuki mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, Deniz Akkaya anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wanamitindo walioongoza katika historia ya mitindo nchini Uturuki, na pia mmoja wa [[wanawake]] warembo zaidi nchini humo. == Maisha ya awali na familia == Akkaya ana asili ya Kicherkezi. Ni binti wa baba mwenye asili ya Hatuqwai na mama mwenye asili ya Kabardian anayeitwa Dinemyis. Kwa lugha ya Kicherkezi, jina hilo linamaanisha tufaha la jicho. Baba yake alikuwa mtumishi wa [[serikali]] na nahodha mkuu wa meli, aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya ''Turkish Maritime Facilities Inc''. Mama yake alikuwa mchumi aliyefanya kazi katika shirika la ndege la ''Turkish Airlines'', ambalo ni shirika kuu la ndege la Uturuki. Akkaya alisomea taaluma ya uchunguzi wa lugha na fasihi za [[Marekani]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1147581/</ref><ref>https://www.posta.com.tr/magazin/cumartesi-postasi/cerkez-olmakla-ovunuyorum-106616</ref> == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] eh4h312996oeo748bjjm98snuze9kbl 1614159 1614158 2026-11-06T05:56:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 1614159 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deniz Akkaya''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] maarufu kutoka [[Uturuki]], [[mtangazaji]], mhariri wa mitindo wa mara chache, mpiga diski (DJ), [[mjasiriamali]], [[mfanyabiashara]] na [[mwigizaji]]. Alishinda taji la Mwanamitindo Bora wa Uturuki mwaka 1997. Akiwa mwanamitindo aliyekuwa na kipato kikubwa zaidi nchini Uturuki mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 2000, Deniz Akkaya anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa wanamitindo walioongoza katika historia ya mitindo nchini Uturuki, na pia mmoja wa [[wanawake]] warembo zaidi nchini humo. == Maisha ya awali na familia == Akkaya ana asili ya Kicherkezi. Ni binti wa baba mwenye asili ya Hatuqwai na mama mwenye asili ya Kabardian anayeitwa Dinemyis. Kwa lugha ya Kicherkezi, jina hilo linamaanisha tufaha la jicho. Baba yake alikuwa mtumishi wa [[serikali]] na nahodha mkuu wa meli, aliyewahi kuhudumu kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa kampuni ya ''Turkish Maritime Facilities Inc''. Mama yake alikuwa mchumi aliyefanya kazi katika shirika la ndege la ''Turkish Airlines'', ambalo ni shirika kuu la ndege la Uturuki. Akkaya alisomea taaluma ya uchunguzi wa lugha na fasihi za [[Marekani]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1147581/</ref><ref>https://www.posta.com.tr/magazin/cumartesi-postasi/cerkez-olmakla-ovunuyorum-106616</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} dba4istjsczq97n25k13koepxwzr947 0 256920 1614162 2026-11-06T06:02:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614162 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ece Sükan''' (alizaliwa [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo kutoka [[Uturuki]], mkurugenzi wa ubunifu na mhariri wa masuala ya mitindo anayefanya kazi zake katika miji ya [[Istanbul]] na [[New York]]. Amewahi kuitwa “nyota wa mitindo ya mitaani nchini Uturuki”. == Kazi na taaluma == Sükan alikuwa mhariri mkuu wa jarida la ''Vogue Turkey'' kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2012. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa mkurugenzi wa mitindo katika jarida la ''Marie Claire Turkey''. Mwaka 2009, alikuwa miongoni mwa watu wa kwanza kufungua duka la nguo za mitindo ya zamani (vintage) jijini Istanbul, lililoitwa ''Ece Sukan Vintage''. Sükan amewahi kutoa mihadhara katika Chuo cha Mitindo cha Istanbul kuhusu uzoefu wake katika tasnia ya mitindo. Pia aliwahi kuendesha kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha Uturuki kupitia kituo cha ''NTV'', kilichokuwa kikizungumzia wiki za mitindo duniani kote. Katika kipindi hicho, aliwahoji wabunifu wa mitindo Karl Lagerfeld na Jean Paul Gaultier. Alipata nafasi ya kuigiza katika mfululizo maarufu wa televisheni wa ''Haziran Gecesi''. Mwaka 2018, alishiriki katika kipindi cha televisheni cha Gülperi, ambamo aliigiza nafasi ya Şeyma.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/13/fashion/new-york-fashion-week-ece-sukan-loves-vintage-givenchy-and-plenty-of-shearling.html</ref><ref>https://vistelacalle.com/ece-sukan-de-modelo-a-editora-de-revistas/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} kfwsq4nu9wo3oe1qnpqie9en8j19745 0 256921 1614163 2026-11-06T06:10:28Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614163 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Cansu Dere-smiling.jpg|thumb|Cansu Dere]] '''Cansu Dere''' (alizaliwa [[14 Oktoba]] [[1980]], mjini Ankara) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Uturuki]]. Alitawazwa kuwa ''Miss Turkey Universe'' mwaka 2000''.'' == Maisha ya awali == Mama yake ana asili ya jamii ya Waturuki wanaoishi katika jiji la Thessaloniki, nchini [[Ugiriki]], huku baba yake akiwa na asili ya jamii ya Waturuki nchini [[Bulgaria]]. Alimaliza elimu yake ya msingi na sekondari katika jiji la İzmir. Mwaka 2000, alipangwa kuiwakilisha Uturuki katika mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'', lakini Cansu alijiondoa kutokana na masuala ya kisiasa kati ya Uturuki na Kupro, nchi iliyokuwa mwenyeji wa mashindano ya ''Miss Universe'' mwaka huo. Wakati huo, Uturuki haikuwa na uhusiano wa kidiplomasia na Jamhuri ya Kupro.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1754048/</ref><ref>https://www.medyafaresi.com/haber/yahsi-batinin-galasina-cansu-dere-niye-katilmadi/35478</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} ofd59evoa9haoku4bx73hhrosuq7ic6 0 256922 1614164 2026-11-06T06:17:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Şebnem Schaefer.jpg|thumb|Şebnem Schaefer]] '''Jennifer Simone Macide Şebnem Schaefer''' (anajulikana nchini [[Uturuki]] kama '''Şebnem Schaefer''' na nchini Ujerumani kama **'''Jennifer Schäfer'''"; alizaliwa [[9 Februari]] [[1984]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] mwenye asili ya Kituruki na Kijerumani. == Kazi na taaluma == Jennifer Şebnem Schäfer aligunduliwa mwaka 2000 alipokwenda nchini Uturuki kwa likizo. Alipata umaarufu kupitia kipindi cha maswali na majibu alichokuwa akiwasilisha kilichoitwa ''Size Milyarlar Sunuyoruz (''Tunakupatia Mabilioni – SMS'').'' Baadaye, alishiriki katika mashindano ya ''Ford Models Super Model of the World'' na kushika nafasi ya kwanza. Mwaka 2001, aliiwakilisha Uturuki katika mashindano ya ''Super Model of the World'' yaliyofanyika Miami Beach. Katika kipindi hicho, mawakala wengi wa wanamitindo kutoka [[Milano|Milan]] walimpa ofa za kufanya kazi pamoja naye.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2572942/</ref><ref>https://alchetron.com/Jennifer-%C5%9Eebnem-Schaefer</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 80gtmqqaw4hd96xh2gno5x391cxsezw 0 256923 1614167 2026-11-06T06:23:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Özge Ulusoy''' (alizaliwa [[28 Oktoba]] [[1982]]) ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwanamitindo]], aliyekuwa mcheza [[dansi]] wa ballet na mshindi wa taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Uturuki]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kushiriki katika mfululizo maarufu wa [[televisheni]] wa ''Arka Sokaklar'' kuanzia mwaka [[2006]] hadi [[2009]]. Katika kazi yake ya uanamitindo, alitembea kwenye majukwaa ya maonesho ya mitindo kwa ajili ya wabunifu na kampuni mbalimbali, zikiwemo ''Hussein Chalayan, Mavi Jeans, Mudo, Hervé Léger, Balenciaga, Eva Gronbach, Guy Laroche, Emanuel Ungaro, Christian Dior, Marks & Spencer, Harvey Nichols'' na ''Mango,'' miongoni mwa wengine. Mwaka [[2003]], alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya kila mwaka ya urembo ya ''Miss Turkey''. Mwaka [[2002]], Ulusoy alishika nafasi ya tatu katika mashindano ya ''Elite Model Look'' yaliyoandaliwa na kampuni ya ''Elite Model Management''. Mwaka uliofuata, alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya ''Miss Turkey'' na kushinda taji la ''Miss Turkey Universe'' 2003 kabla ya kusaini [[mkataba]] na kampuni ya ''Uğurkan Erez Model Management'' jijini [[Istanbul]]. Tangu alipoanza kazi yake, Ulusoy amekuwa sura ya kampeni mbalimbali za matangazo nchini Uturuki.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4156590/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} bbw3qsz3aqtnbdpcyola5ffxtw3dwcz 0 256924 1614168 2026-11-06T06:30:04Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebru Şallı''' (alizaliwa [[15 Januari]] [[1977]]) ni mtu maarufu wa [[televisheni]], [[mwanamitindo]], [[mwandishi]], [[mwigizaji]] na aliyewahi kushinda taji la mashindano ya urembo kutoka [[Uturuki]]. == Wasifu == Alihitimu katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya ''Nişantaşı'' mwaka mmoja baada ya kushinda taji la mashindano ya urembo la ''Queen of Turkey'' mwaka [[1995]]. Baada ya mashindano hayo ya urembo, alishiriki katika mfululizo kadhaa wa televisheni. Kufikia mwaka [[2014]], Ebru Şallı alikuwa ametengeneza DVD saba za maelekezo ya mazoezi ya viungo na Pilates. DVD yake ya kwanza iliuza nakala zaidi ya 55,000. Pia aliandika makala nyingi kuhusu shughuli za nyumbani na ''Pilates'', na alijitokeza mara nyingi katika vipindi mbalimbali vya televisheni.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2194191/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110912083833/http://www.formsante.com.tr/anasayfa/roportaj/791-ebru-salli-tan.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} ozp70m6cnyu5l3n3rjoyl4r7br4n2d6 0 256925 1614171 2026-11-06T06:40:24Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Tuğba Özay.jpg|thumb|Tuğba Özay]] '''Nihal Tuğba Özay''' (alizaliwa [[10 Februari]] [[1978]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwimbaji]] kutoka [[Uturuki]]. Alishika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano ya ''Miss Model of the World'' mwaka 1995. == Maisha ya awali == Mama yake alikuwa [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] wa vitabu vya kiada vilivyobobea katika masomo ya Hisabati na Uchumi. Mama yake anatoka Antalya. Baba yake pia alikuwa mwandishi aliyeshinda [[tuzo]] za uandishi wa vitabu vya kiada vilivyotumiwa katika shule za msingi kote nchini Uturuki. Aidha, alikuwa mshairi na mtu aliyebobea katika fasihi, na alitoka [[Trabzon]]. Kwa maelezo yake mwenyewe, asili yake ya kifamilia inamfanya kuwa “mchanganyiko wa [[Bahari ya Mediterania]] na [[Bahari Nyeusi]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1867514/</ref><ref>https://www.dogankitap.com.tr/yazar/tugba-ozay</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 33xso183oumwamsvfuzaugdcv0qg7r6 0 256926 1614172 2026-11-06T06:47:45Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aysun Kayacı''' (alizaliwa [[20 Mei]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani, [[mwigizaji]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[Uturuki]]. == Wasifu == === Kazi yake ya awali === Aysun Kayacı alianza kazi yake akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 15, alipofanya kazi ya kupokea wageni katika maonesho ya kibiashara na kwenye mabanda ya maonesho. Alijikita zaidi katika uanamitindo hadi mwaka 2005. Mwaka 2004, alipokea [[tuzo]] ya kitaifa ya ''MGD'' kama “mwanamitindo bora wa Kituruki”. Kuanzia mwaka 2005, alianza pia kukubali nafasi za uigizaji katika [[filamu]] na vipindi vya [[televisheni]]. Mwaka 2006, aliigiza katika filamu ''Kısık Ateşte'' 15 Dakika (“Dakika 15 kwa Moto Mdogo”). Pia alionekana katika tamthilia za televisheni ''Zehirli Çiçek'' (“Ua Lenye Sumu”), ''Doktorlar'' (“Madaktari”) na ''Sessiz Gemiler'' (“Meli Zilizonyamaza”), mtawalia mwaka 2005, 2006 na 2007.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1938570/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160924072937/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yasgunu-surprizi-39080865</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watangazaji]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} kha11kokeboikygskdqy47sbq9h2jhv 0 256927 1614174 2026-11-06T06:56:40Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Demet Şener''' (alizaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uturuki]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani. Alitawazwa kuwa mshindi wa shindano la urembo la ''Miss Turkey 1995'' na baadaye kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika shindano la ''Miss World 1995''. == Wasifu == Demet Şener alizaliwa mjini İstanbul akiwa mtoto wa mwisho kati ya watoto watatu. Alisoma katika [[shule ya sekondari]] ya wasichana ya ''Nişantaşı'' (Nişantaşı Kız Lisesi) na alianza kazi ya uanamitindo mwaka 1994. Mwaka 1995, alishinda shindano la ''Miss Turkey'' na kushiriki katika shindano la ''Miss World''. Aliwahi kuwasilisha vipindi vya [[televisheni]] ''Vip Suare'' na ''Şans Direksiyonu'', na pia aliigiza katika tamthilia za ''Bir Demet Tiyatro'' na ''Böyle mi Olacaktı''. Mwaka 1999, aliigiza katika [[filamu]] ya [[vichekesho]] ''Kahpe Bizans'', iliyoongozwa na Gani Müjde. Katika mwaka huohuo, aliigiza katika filamu ''Asansör'', iliyoongozwa na Mustafa Altıoklar. Mwaka 2000, aliigiza katika filamu ''Hemşo''. Aliolewa na mchezaji wa [[mpira wa kikapu]] ''İbrahim Kutluay'', na wamejaliwa watoto wawili.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0784200/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110424105721/http://www.missturkey.com.tr/everybody/gecmisyillar.aspx</ref><ref>https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/magazin/nikahtan-ilk-fotograf-41251571</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} klrk6p7x2tcq9kghpdr3795uv4en8x3 0 256928 1614175 2026-11-06T07:02:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yasemin Ergene''' (alizaliwa [[22 Januari]], [[1985]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Uturuki]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani. == Maisha na kazi == Alizaliwa nchini [[Ujerumani Magharibi]] Januari 22, 1985. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka mitatu, alirejea Uturuki pamoja na [[familia]] yake. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake katika wilaya ya Şarköy, mkoani Tekirdağ, alihamia [[Istanbul]] na kujiunga na ''Müjdat Gezen Art Center''. Akiwa [[mwanafunzi]] katika kituo hicho, mwalimu wake Müjdat Gezen alimwelekeza katika uigizaji wa filamu na [[televisheni]]. Aliigiza mhusika Eylül katika tamthilia ya televisheni Koçum Benim. Anajulikana kwa kucheza nafasi ya Ekin Serbest Teksoy katika tamthilia ''Aşk Oyunu'' na ''Ela Altındağ'' katika tamthilia ''Doktorlar.'' ''Ergene'' alihitimu kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Istanbul Bilgi, akiwa na shahada ya Uhusiano wa Umma. Alifunga ndoa na [[mfanyabiashara]] İzzet Özilhan Julai 16, 2011.<ref>https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/hayat/yasemin-ergene-ozilhan-benimki-bir-kulkedisi-masali-degil-40057811</ref><ref>https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/yasemin-ergene-evlendi-18273672</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} mc0np5l546msgcadhd5ejzhxejqi4s9 0 256929 1614177 2026-11-06T07:11:43Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ivana Sert''' (jina la kuzaliwa '''Smiljković''', kwa herufi za Kisirili za Kiserbo-Kroatia: Ивана Серт; alizaliwa [[25 Oktoba]], [[1979]]) ni mtu maarufu wa [[televisheni]] mwenye asili ya [[Serbia]] na [[Uturuki]], [[mwanamke]] maarufu katika jamii ya watu mashuhuri, mtangazaji, [[mwanamitindo]], mbunifu wa mavazi, mjasiriamali, [[mfanyabiashara]], mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo, mwandishi na mwigizaji wa mara chache. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa ya ''Ivana Sert'' na alijulikana kwa nafasi yake kama jaji katika kipindi cha ''Bugün Ne Giysem?'' (2010–2013), kilichoonyeshwa na ''Show TV''. Baadaye, Sert alijiunga na kipindi cha [[televisheni]] ''İşte Benim Stilim''. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Alizaliwa kwa jina la ''Ivana Smiljković'' mwaka 1979 katika mji wa Zaječar, nchini [[Yugoslavia]]. Kabla ya kuanza kazi ya uanamitindo, alisomea [[piano]] na ballet hadi alipofikisha umri wa [[miaka]] 16. Baada ya kutawazwa kuwa ''Miss Belgrade'' mwaka 1999, alishiriki katika mashindano ya urembo ya ''Miss Yugoslavia'' na ''Miss Globe International.''<ref>https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cadde/galeri/ivana-sert-sezer-dermenci-nikahindan-yeni-kareler-6665284</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} o2y8wz5sh67xjhpz45vltadrz91mgbf 0 256930 1614178 2026-11-06T07:17:36Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614178 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merve Büyüksaraç''' (alizaliwa [[13 Juni]], [[1988]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]], mtu maarufu wa [[televisheni]] na mshindi wa mashindano ya urembo alishinda taji la ''Miss Turkey 2006''. Pia ni mbunifu wa bidhaa za viwandani kitaaluma, msanii wa sanaa za ubunifu na [[mjasiriamali]]. Mwaka 2016, Büyüksaraç alifikishwa mahakamani nchini [[Uturuki]] kwa tuhuma za kumtusi rais [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]. == Wasifu == Büyüksaraç alitawazwa kuwa ''Miss Turkey'' mwaka 2006 na anafanya kazi ya uanamitindo. Inadaiwa kuwa Büyüksaraç alichapisha shairi la kejeli kwenye [[Instagram]] mwaka 2014, ambalo baadaye lilisambazwa maelfu ya mara kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. Waendesha mashtaka waliona kuwa shairi hilo lilikuwa na maudhui ya matusi. Kesi yake ilianza kusikilizwa mjini [[Istanbul]] mwezi Mei 2016 na kutolewa uamuzi mwishoni mwa mwezi huo. Adhabu yake ilisimamishwa kwa sharti kwamba hatatenda kosa kama hilo tena ndani ya kipindi cha miaka mitano iliyofuata.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36419723</ref><ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/05/miss-turkey-erdogan/484949/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} areiep2fzh5bedow5jrzlao6zrd3kzf 0 256931 1614181 2026-11-06T07:27:53Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1614181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Arzu Yanardağ.jpg|thumb|Arzu Yanardağ]] '''Arzu Yanardağ''' (alizaliwa [[31 Agosti]], [[1977]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa [[Uturuki]]. == Maisha na kazi == Alisoma katika Shule ya Msingi ya ''Bakırköy'' na Shule ya Sekondari ya Wasichana ya Kianatolia ya Bakırköy. Mwaka [[1994]], alianza kazi yake ya uanamitindo katika Shirika la Wanamitindo la ''Başak Görsoy'' na baadaye akawa mmoja wa wanamitindo mashuhuri zaidi nchini Uturuki. Alianza kazi ya uigizaji kwa kucheza nafasi kuu katika [[tamthilia]] ya [[televisheni]] Unutabilsem, iliyoongozwa na Kaya Ererez mwaka [[1997]]. Yanardağ alisomea uigizaji katika Kituo cha Sanaa cha ''Müjdat Gezen''. Katika kipindi hicho, alikutana na Mustafa Altıoklar, aliyempa nafasi katika filamu yake ''Asansör'' (Lifti). Ameachika katika ndoa mara mbili na ana binti mmoja anayeitwa Alara.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0945884/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110605045927/http://www.maviruj.com/arzu-yanardag-bosandi.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uturuki]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} o47qnazi52mpz1cdxj66htuw9xjhvr8 0 256932 1614187 2026-11-06T08:16:11Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carina Helen Boberg''' ([[12 Mei]] [[1952]] – [[31 Mei]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya kuigiza mhusika Bettan katika kipindi cha vichekesho cha [[televisheni]] Rena Rama Rolf, kilichoonyeshwa kupitia kituo cha TV4. Katika kipindi hicho aliigiza pamoja na Lasse Brandeby<ref>https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/skadespelaren-carina-boberg-dod/</ref>. Boberg alizaliwa jijini [[Gothenburg]], nchini Uswid...' 1614187 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carina Helen Boberg''' ([[12 Mei]] [[1952]] – [[31 Mei]] [[2020]]) alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alijulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya kuigiza mhusika Bettan katika kipindi cha vichekesho cha [[televisheni]] Rena Rama Rolf, kilichoonyeshwa kupitia kituo cha TV4. Katika kipindi hicho aliigiza pamoja na Lasse Brandeby<ref>https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/skadespelaren-carina-boberg-dod/</ref>. Boberg alizaliwa jijini [[Gothenburg]], nchini Uswidi. Alihitimu katika Chuo cha [[Sanaa]] za Maigizo cha Gothenburg mwaka 1978. Mwaka 1983, aliajiriwa na Ukumbi wa Maigizo wa Jiji la Gothenburg (Gothenburg City Theatre), ambako alikuwa sehemu ya kundi la kudumu la waigizaji kuanzia mwaka huo hadi 2019. Pia aliwahi kuigiza kama mgeni katika majukwaa ya kumbi nyingine za maigizo nchini Uswidi, zikiwemo Dalateatern, Uppsala Stadsteater na Östgötateatern. Boberg alikuwa ameolewa na mwigizaji Göran Ragnerstam<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150107011920/http://www.stadsteatern.goteborg.se/om-oss/konstnarlig-personal/carina-boberg/</ref>. == Filamu na vipindi vya televisheni == * 1994–1998 – Rena rama Rolf (kipindi cha televisheni) * 1997 – Skallgång * 1997 – Glappet (kipindi cha televisheni) * 2000 – Soldater i månsken (kipindi cha televisheni) * 2001 – Bekännelsen * 2002 – Suxxess * 2002 – Skeppsholmen (kipindi cha televisheni) * 2003 – Miffo * 2003 – Kopps * 2003 – En ö i havet (kipindi cha televisheni) * 2004 – Lokalreportern (kipindi cha televisheni) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1952]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] 4pe5vz3zw3h2vdi5lzh470kj6pbk847 0 256933 1614189 2026-11-06T08:23:36Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 #100WikiDaysChallengeRDC2026 " Création en Traduction Article | Rolly Fula Nganga " 1614189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolly Fula Nganga''', aliyezaliwa tarehe (2 Februari 1993), huko [[Lubumbashi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka [[Kongo]] anayecheza katika nafasi ya 'shooting guard'. Yeye ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI001">{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.proballers.com/fr/basketball/joueur/278104/rolly-fula-nganga Rolly Fula Nganga : "statistiques"], sur www.proballers.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002">{{fr}} ; ''[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/347647 #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur basketball.eurobasket.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == === Miaka ya Mapema nchini Kongo === Rolly Fula Nganga, alianza soka lake akiwa na ASB Soyo ya Matadi, SCTP, na Ravens, kabla ya kusajiliwa na BC Mazembe ya [[Lubumbashi]] huko<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI003">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga Player Profile : "Rolly Fula Nganga SG #15"], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alikaa huko kwa miaka minne na kushinda Kombe la Kongo mara tatu, mnamo 2014, 2017, na 2018. Kisha akachezea Espoir Fukash, timu yenye makao yake jijini [[Kinshasa]], kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi. === Uchambuzi wa AfroCan 2019 === Mnamo 2019, alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC), akiwa pamoja na [[Maxi Munanga Shamba]], ambayo ilishinda mashindano ya AfroCan jijini [[Bamako]], [[Mali]]. Katika mchezo wa fainali, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC) iliishinda [[Kenya]] kwa alama 82–61<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004">{{en}} ; ''FIBA AfroCan : [https://www.fiba.basketball/afrocan/2019 FIBA AfroCan 2019], sur FIBA.basketball, du 19 au 28 Juillet 2019, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> Fula Nganga anachangia wastani wa pointi 17.0 na ribaundi 4.5 katika mashindano hayo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002" />. === Bangui Sports Club na BAL === Mnamo Novemba 2022, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha Club Sporting Bangui cha Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati kwa ajili ya mashindano ya 'Road to BAL' ya mwaka 2023L<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005">{{fr}} ; ''The BAL Report : [https://thebalreport.com/fr/teams/208-bangui-sporting-club/rtb Bangui Sporting Club : "Bangui, République centrafricaine, Bangui SC"], sur thebalreport.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI006">{{fr}} ; ''FIBA BASKETBALL : [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/history/104-africa-champions-clubs-road-to-bal/208719/players/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur wwww.fiba.basketball, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Bingwa nchini Rwanda na APR === Mnamo Januari 2023, alijiunga na APR ya Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya [[Rwanda]] (RBL)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI007">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4225/sports/basketball/basketball-congolese-guard-fula-nganga-signs-for-apr Basketball: Congolese guard Fula Nganga signs for APR], sur www.newtimes.co.rw, 13 janvier 2023, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alishinda ubingwa wa RBL wa mwaka 2023, ikiwa ni taji la kwanza kwa APR katika kipindi cha miaka 14. === Kurejea Bangui katika mchakato wa kufuzu kwa BAL === Mnamo Oktoba 2023, alirejea katika klabu ya Bangui Sporting Club kwa ajili ya awamu ya pili ya mchakato wa "Road to BAL" (Njia ya kuelekea BAL). Alisaidia timu ya Bangui kufuzu kushiriki Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu Afrika (BAL) ya mwaka 2024. Mnamo Novemba 5, 2023, alifunga goli la pointi tatu lililoipa timu yake ushindi katika mchezo wa fainali ya Kanda ya Magharibi dhidi ya FUS Rabat. Katika mchakato huo wa "Road to BAL," alikuwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2, mipira 3.2 iliyonaswa kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds), na mipira 2 iliyoibwa kutoka kwa wapinzani (steals), huku akifanikiwa kufunga kwa asilimia 47.8 kutoka eneo la pointi tatu, kiwango cha juu zaidi katika taaluma yake. Katika michuano ya BAL ya mwaka 2024, alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Bangui, akiwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa kila mchezo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI008">{{fr}} ; ''ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/24/bal-pour-la-2eme-fois-de-suite-rolly-fula-nganga-porte-bangui-sporting-club-face-al-ahly BAL: Pour la 2ème fois de suite, Rolly Fula Nganga porte Bangui Sporting Club face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, mercredi, le 24 avril 2024 à 16:13', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Timu ya Taifa === Yeye ni mchezaji wa kimataifa katika timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] tangu mwaka 2019. Anaikongoza timu ya DR Kongo kama nahodha katika michuano ya AfroBasket ya mwaka [[2025]] nchini [[Angola]], akiwa amevaa jezi namba 15 na kuiwakilisha klabu yake, Val de Seine Basket<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI009">{{fr}} ; ''CARRÉSPORTS : ''[https://carresports.com/road-to-bal-rolly-fula-inscrit-24-points-face-a-nadi-basket-staoueli/ ROAD TO BAL : ROLLY FULA INSCRIT 24 POINTS FACE À NADI BASKET STAOUELI], sur carresports.com, 23 octobre 2026, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI010">{{fr}} ; ''[url=https://basketafrik.com/fr/africains-dans-le-monde/joueurs/rolly-fula-nganga/, Rolly Fula Nganga : "NBA"], sur basketafrik.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Mtindo wa Uchezaji == Akiwa na urefu wa mita 1.98, Fula Nganga ni mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kufunga mabao (kwa kurusha mpira kwenye kikapu), ikiwemo kufunga kwa kurusha kutoka nje ya eneo la alama mbili (three-pointers), na kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika nyakati za maamuzi, kama vile alipofunga goli la ushindi dhidi ya ''FUS Rabat'' mwaka 2023. == Takwimu == === Timu ya Taifa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za timu ya taifa<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004" /> ! Umri !! Mashindano !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb |- | 2019 || AfroCan || 5 || 17,0 || 4,5 |} === Klabuni - BAL === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za BAL<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" /> ! Msimu!! Klabu !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb !! Int |- | 2023-24 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - Road to BAL || - || 20,2 || 3,2 || 2,0 |- | 2024 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - BAL || - || 20,2 || - || - |} == Mafanikio == === Timu ya Taifa === * '''AfroCan''': ''AfroCan 2019'' – Medali ya dhahabu nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] === Klabu === * Ubingwa wa [[Rwanda]]: 2023 akiwa na ''APR'' * Kombe la BC Mazembe: 2014, 2017, 2018 * ''Basketball Africa League'' (BAL) Draft: 2024 akiwa na ''Bangui Sporting Club'' === Tuzo Binafsi === * Mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa klabu ya Bangui katika ligi ya BAL: 2024 (wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa mchezo)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI011">{{fr}} ; ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/19/bal-rolly-fula-nganga-meilleur-marqueur-du-bangui-sporting-club-malgre-le-revers-face-al, BAL: Rolly Fula Nganga, meilleur marqueur du Bangui Sporting Club malgré le revers face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, vendredi, le 19 avril 2024 à 18:01', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> * Kapteni wa timu ya taifa ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] : == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{en}} [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolly_Fula_Nganga Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya en.wikipedia * [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/events/fiba-afrobasket-2025/teams/congo-dr/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''fiba.basketball'' * [https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''RealGM'' * [https://bal.nba.com/ Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''BAL'' [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] l7pzapywgw7gzq0j2n8c9dm23o44fbe 1614190 1614189 2026-11-06T08:37:41Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 /* Tuzo Binafsi */ 1614190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolly Fula Nganga''', aliyezaliwa tarehe (2 Februari 1993), huko [[Lubumbashi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka [[Kongo]] anayecheza katika nafasi ya 'shooting guard'. Yeye ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI001">{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.proballers.com/fr/basketball/joueur/278104/rolly-fula-nganga Rolly Fula Nganga : "statistiques"], sur www.proballers.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002">{{fr}} ; ''[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/347647 #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur basketball.eurobasket.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == === Miaka ya Mapema nchini Kongo === Rolly Fula Nganga, alianza soka lake akiwa na ASB Soyo ya Matadi, SCTP, na Ravens, kabla ya kusajiliwa na BC Mazembe ya [[Lubumbashi]] huko<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI003">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga Player Profile : "Rolly Fula Nganga SG #15"], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alikaa huko kwa miaka minne na kushinda Kombe la Kongo mara tatu, mnamo 2014, 2017, na 2018. Kisha akachezea Espoir Fukash, timu yenye makao yake jijini [[Kinshasa]], kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi. === Uchambuzi wa AfroCan 2019 === Mnamo 2019, alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC), akiwa pamoja na [[Maxi Munanga Shamba]], ambayo ilishinda mashindano ya AfroCan jijini [[Bamako]], [[Mali]]. Katika mchezo wa fainali, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC) iliishinda [[Kenya]] kwa alama 82–61<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004">{{en}} ; ''FIBA AfroCan : [https://www.fiba.basketball/afrocan/2019 FIBA AfroCan 2019], sur FIBA.basketball, du 19 au 28 Juillet 2019, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> Fula Nganga anachangia wastani wa pointi 17.0 na ribaundi 4.5 katika mashindano hayo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002" />. === Bangui Sports Club na BAL === Mnamo Novemba 2022, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha Club Sporting Bangui cha Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati kwa ajili ya mashindano ya 'Road to BAL' ya mwaka 2023L<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005">{{fr}} ; ''The BAL Report : [https://thebalreport.com/fr/teams/208-bangui-sporting-club/rtb Bangui Sporting Club : "Bangui, République centrafricaine, Bangui SC"], sur thebalreport.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI006">{{fr}} ; ''FIBA BASKETBALL : [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/history/104-africa-champions-clubs-road-to-bal/208719/players/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur wwww.fiba.basketball, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Bingwa nchini Rwanda na APR === Mnamo Januari 2023, alijiunga na APR ya Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya [[Rwanda]] (RBL)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI007">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4225/sports/basketball/basketball-congolese-guard-fula-nganga-signs-for-apr Basketball: Congolese guard Fula Nganga signs for APR], sur www.newtimes.co.rw, 13 janvier 2023, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alishinda ubingwa wa RBL wa mwaka 2023, ikiwa ni taji la kwanza kwa APR katika kipindi cha miaka 14. === Kurejea Bangui katika mchakato wa kufuzu kwa BAL === Mnamo Oktoba 2023, alirejea katika klabu ya Bangui Sporting Club kwa ajili ya awamu ya pili ya mchakato wa "Road to BAL" (Njia ya kuelekea BAL). Alisaidia timu ya Bangui kufuzu kushiriki Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu Afrika (BAL) ya mwaka 2024. Mnamo Novemba 5, 2023, alifunga goli la pointi tatu lililoipa timu yake ushindi katika mchezo wa fainali ya Kanda ya Magharibi dhidi ya FUS Rabat. Katika mchakato huo wa "Road to BAL," alikuwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2, mipira 3.2 iliyonaswa kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds), na mipira 2 iliyoibwa kutoka kwa wapinzani (steals), huku akifanikiwa kufunga kwa asilimia 47.8 kutoka eneo la pointi tatu, kiwango cha juu zaidi katika taaluma yake. Katika michuano ya BAL ya mwaka 2024, alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Bangui, akiwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa kila mchezo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI008">{{fr}} ; ''ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/24/bal-pour-la-2eme-fois-de-suite-rolly-fula-nganga-porte-bangui-sporting-club-face-al-ahly BAL: Pour la 2ème fois de suite, Rolly Fula Nganga porte Bangui Sporting Club face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, mercredi, le 24 avril 2024 à 16:13', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Timu ya Taifa === Yeye ni mchezaji wa kimataifa katika timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] tangu mwaka 2019. Anaikongoza timu ya DR Kongo kama nahodha katika michuano ya AfroBasket ya mwaka [[2025]] nchini [[Angola]], akiwa amevaa jezi namba 15 na kuiwakilisha klabu yake, Val de Seine Basket<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI009">{{fr}} ; ''CARRÉSPORTS : ''[https://carresports.com/road-to-bal-rolly-fula-inscrit-24-points-face-a-nadi-basket-staoueli/ ROAD TO BAL : ROLLY FULA INSCRIT 24 POINTS FACE À NADI BASKET STAOUELI], sur carresports.com, 23 octobre 2026, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI010">{{fr}} ; ''[url=https://basketafrik.com/fr/africains-dans-le-monde/joueurs/rolly-fula-nganga/, Rolly Fula Nganga : "NBA"], sur basketafrik.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Mtindo wa Uchezaji == Akiwa na urefu wa mita 1.98, Fula Nganga ni mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kufunga mabao (kwa kurusha mpira kwenye kikapu), ikiwemo kufunga kwa kurusha kutoka nje ya eneo la alama mbili (three-pointers), na kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika nyakati za maamuzi, kama vile alipofunga goli la ushindi dhidi ya ''FUS Rabat'' mwaka 2023. == Takwimu == === Timu ya Taifa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za timu ya taifa<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004" /> ! Umri !! Mashindano !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb |- | 2019 || AfroCan || 5 || 17,0 || 4,5 |} === Klabuni - BAL === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za BAL<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" /> ! Msimu!! Klabu !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb !! Int |- | 2023-24 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - Road to BAL || - || 20,2 || 3,2 || 2,0 |- | 2024 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - BAL || - || 20,2 || - || - |} == Mafanikio == === Timu ya Taifa === * '''AfroCan''': ''AfroCan 2019'' – Medali ya dhahabu nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] === Klabu === * Ubingwa wa [[Rwanda]]: 2023 akiwa na ''APR'' * Kombe la BC Mazembe: 2014, 2017, 2018 * ''Basketball Africa League'' (BAL) Draft: 2024 akiwa na ''Bangui Sporting Club'' === Tuzo Binafsi === * Mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa klabu ya Bangui katika ligi ya BAL: 2024 (wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa mchezo)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI011">{{fr}} ; ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/19/bal-rolly-fula-nganga-meilleur-marqueur-du-bangui-sporting-club-malgre-le-revers-face-al, BAL: Rolly Fula Nganga, meilleur marqueur du Bangui Sporting Club malgré le revers face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, vendredi, le 19 avril 2024 à 18:01', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> * Kapteni wa timu ya taifa ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] : 2025 == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{en}} [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolly_Fula_Nganga Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya en.wikipedia * [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/events/fiba-afrobasket-2025/teams/congo-dr/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''fiba.basketball'' * [https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''RealGM'' * [https://bal.nba.com/ Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''BAL'' [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] ozhungpkd7eifbsnxeom47no6004fyc 1614192 1614190 2026-11-06T08:48:17Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 /* Bangui Sports Club na BAL */ 1614192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rolly Fula Nganga''', aliyezaliwa tarehe (2 Februari 1993), huko [[Lubumbashi]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]], ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka [[Kongo]] anayecheza katika nafasi ya 'shooting guard'. Yeye ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI001">{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.proballers.com/fr/basketball/joueur/278104/rolly-fula-nganga Rolly Fula Nganga : "statistiques"], sur www.proballers.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002">{{fr}} ; ''[https://basketball.eurobasket.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/347647 #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur basketball.eurobasket.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu == === Miaka ya Mapema nchini Kongo === Rolly Fula Nganga, alianza soka lake akiwa na ASB Soyo ya Matadi, SCTP, na Ravens, kabla ya kusajiliwa na BC Mazembe ya [[Lubumbashi]] huko<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI003">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga Player Profile : "Rolly Fula Nganga SG #15"], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alikaa huko kwa miaka minne na kushinda Kombe la Kongo mara tatu, mnamo 2014, 2017, na 2018. Kisha akachezea Espoir Fukash, timu yenye makao yake jijini [[Kinshasa]], kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi. === Uchambuzi wa AfroCan 2019 === Mnamo 2019, alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC), akiwa pamoja na [[Maxi Munanga Shamba]], ambayo ilishinda mashindano ya AfroCan jijini [[Bamako]], [[Mali]]. Katika mchezo wa fainali, [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (DRC) iliishinda [[Kenya]] kwa alama 82–61<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004">{{en}} ; ''FIBA AfroCan : [https://www.fiba.basketball/afrocan/2019 FIBA AfroCan 2019], sur FIBA.basketball, du 19 au 28 Juillet 2019, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> Fula Nganga anachangia wastani wa pointi 17.0 na ribaundi 4.5 katika mashindano hayo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002" />. === Bangui Sports Club na BAL === Mnamo Novemba 2022, alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha Club Sporting Bangui cha [[Jamhuri|Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] kwa ajili ya mashindano ya 'Road to BAL' ya mwaka [[2023]]<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005">{{fr}} ; ''The BAL Report : [https://thebalreport.com/fr/teams/208-bangui-sporting-club/rtb Bangui Sporting Club : "Bangui, République centrafricaine, Bangui SC"], sur thebalreport.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI006">{{fr}} ; ''FIBA BASKETBALL : [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/history/104-africa-champions-clubs-road-to-bal/208719/players/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga], sur wwww.fiba.basketball, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Bingwa nchini Rwanda na APR === Mnamo Januari 2023, alijiunga na APR ya Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya [[Rwanda]] (RBL)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI007">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4225/sports/basketball/basketball-congolese-guard-fula-nganga-signs-for-apr Basketball: Congolese guard Fula Nganga signs for APR], sur www.newtimes.co.rw, 13 janvier 2023, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. Alishinda ubingwa wa RBL wa mwaka 2023, ikiwa ni taji la kwanza kwa APR katika kipindi cha miaka 14. === Kurejea Bangui katika mchakato wa kufuzu kwa BAL === Mnamo Oktoba 2023, alirejea katika klabu ya Bangui Sporting Club kwa ajili ya awamu ya pili ya mchakato wa "Road to BAL" (Njia ya kuelekea BAL). Alisaidia timu ya Bangui kufuzu kushiriki Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu Afrika (BAL) ya mwaka 2024. Mnamo Novemba 5, 2023, alifunga goli la pointi tatu lililoipa timu yake ushindi katika mchezo wa fainali ya Kanda ya Magharibi dhidi ya FUS Rabat. Katika mchakato huo wa "Road to BAL," alikuwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2, mipira 3.2 iliyonaswa kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds), na mipira 2 iliyoibwa kutoka kwa wapinzani (steals), huku akifanikiwa kufunga kwa asilimia 47.8 kutoka eneo la pointi tatu, kiwango cha juu zaidi katika taaluma yake. Katika michuano ya BAL ya mwaka 2024, alikuwa mfungaji bora wa Bangui, akiwa na wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa kila mchezo<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" />{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI008">{{fr}} ; ''ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/24/bal-pour-la-2eme-fois-de-suite-rolly-fula-nganga-porte-bangui-sporting-club-face-al-ahly BAL: Pour la 2ème fois de suite, Rolly Fula Nganga porte Bangui Sporting Club face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, mercredi, le 24 avril 2024 à 16:13', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. === Timu ya Taifa === Yeye ni mchezaji wa kimataifa katika timu ya taifa ya mpira wa kikapu ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] tangu mwaka 2019. Anaikongoza timu ya DR Kongo kama nahodha katika michuano ya AfroBasket ya mwaka [[2025]] nchini [[Angola]], akiwa amevaa jezi namba 15 na kuiwakilisha klabu yake, Val de Seine Basket<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI009">{{fr}} ; ''CARRÉSPORTS : ''[https://carresports.com/road-to-bal-rolly-fula-inscrit-24-points-face-a-nadi-basket-staoueli/ ROAD TO BAL : ROLLY FULA INSCRIT 24 POINTS FACE À NADI BASKET STAOUELI], sur carresports.com, 23 octobre 2026, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI010">{{fr}} ; ''[url=https://basketafrik.com/fr/africains-dans-le-monde/joueurs/rolly-fula-nganga/, Rolly Fula Nganga : "NBA"], sur basketafrik.com, consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref>. == Mtindo wa Uchezaji == Akiwa na urefu wa mita 1.98, Fula Nganga ni mchezaji mwenye uwezo wa kufunga mabao (kwa kurusha mpira kwenye kikapu), ikiwemo kufunga kwa kurusha kutoka nje ya eneo la alama mbili (three-pointers), na kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika nyakati za maamuzi, kama vile alipofunga goli la ushindi dhidi ya ''FUS Rabat'' mwaka 2023. == Takwimu == === Timu ya Taifa === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za timu ya taifa<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004" /> ! Umri !! Mashindano !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb |- | 2019 || AfroCan || 5 || 17,0 || 4,5 |} === Klabuni - BAL === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za BAL<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI005" /> ! Msimu!! Klabu !! MJ !! Pts !! Reb !! Int |- | 2023-24 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - Road to BAL || - || 20,2 || 3,2 || 2,0 |- | 2024 || '''Bangui Sporting Club''' - BAL || - || 20,2 || - || - |} == Mafanikio == === Timu ya Taifa === * '''AfroCan''': ''AfroCan 2019'' – Medali ya dhahabu nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] === Klabu === * Ubingwa wa [[Rwanda]]: 2023 akiwa na ''APR'' * Kombe la BC Mazembe: 2014, 2017, 2018 * ''Basketball Africa League'' (BAL) Draft: 2024 akiwa na ''Bangui Sporting Club'' === Tuzo Binafsi === * Mfungaji bora wa muda wote wa klabu ya Bangui katika ligi ya BAL: 2024 (wastani wa pointi 20.2 kwa mchezo)<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI011">{{fr}} ; ACTUALITE : [https://actualite.cd/2024/04/19/bal-rolly-fula-nganga-meilleur-marqueur-du-bangui-sporting-club-malgre-le-revers-face-al, BAL: Rolly Fula Nganga, meilleur marqueur du Bangui Sporting Club malgré le revers face à Al Ahly], sur actualite.cd, vendredi, le 19 avril 2024 à 18:01', consulté le 06 novembre 2026</ref> * Kapteni wa timu ya taifa ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] : 2025 == Marejeleo == {{reflist}} == Viungo vya nje == * {{en}} [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolly_Fula_Nganga Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya en.wikipedia * [https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/events/fiba-afrobasket-2025/teams/congo-dr/210468-rolly-fula-nganga #15 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''fiba.basketball'' * [https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Rolly-Fula-Nganga/Summary/121391 Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''RealGM'' * [https://bal.nba.com/ Rolly Fula Nganga] juu ya ''BAL'' [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] sfvm4964ebghsl43xbhzgsnde11sf9y 0 256934 1614191 2026-11-06T08:46:39Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johan von Blanc''', aliyezaliwa kwa [[jina]] la Michel Le Blanc (mwaka [[1738]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] – 21 Januari [[1796]] mjini [[Karlskrona]], [[Uswidi]]), alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mcheza sarakasi kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyefanya shughuli zake nchini Uswidi. Alikuwa kiongozi wa kikundi cha maigizo kilichosafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine kilichoitwa Gemenasiska Sällskapet (Kikundi cha Gemenasian). Pia alikuwa mkurugenzi wa ukumbi wa kwanza wa k...' 1614191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johan von Blanc''', aliyezaliwa kwa [[jina]] la Michel Le Blanc (mwaka [[1738]] nchini [[Ufaransa]] – 21 Januari [[1796]] mjini [[Karlskrona]], [[Uswidi]]), alikuwa [[mwigizaji]] na mcheza sarakasi kutoka [[Ufaransa]] aliyefanya shughuli zake nchini Uswidi. Alikuwa kiongozi wa kikundi cha maigizo kilichosafiri kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine kilichoitwa Gemenasiska Sällskapet (Kikundi cha Gemenasian). Pia alikuwa mkurugenzi wa ukumbi wa kwanza wa kudumu wa maigizo jijini Gothenburg, uliojulikana kama Comediehuset, kuanzia mwaka 1780 hadi 1786. Johan von Blanc alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika historia ya jiji la [[Gothenburg]] na maendeleo ya sanaa ya maigizo nchini Uswidi nje ya mji wa [[Stockholm]]<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books/about/Teater_och_drama_under_Gustaf_III.html?id=PgAhmAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1738]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji]] hup9lxwhjw82xtq2300h3tn7znm1ivv 0 256935 1614193 2026-11-06T09:03:34Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Natalia Fedner''' ni mbunifu wa usanifu wa [[mitindo]], mvumbuzi, [[msanii]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuvumbua kitambaa cha metali chenye uwezo wa kunyooshwa katika mielekeo sita.<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/natalia-fedner-metalwear-cardi-b-jennifer-lopez-megan-thee-stallion The Designer Creating the Hottest Celebrity Looks Made of Metal] Vogue.com, June 1, 2025</ref><ref>[http://www.dispatch.com/content/stori...' 1614193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Natalia Fedner''' ni mbunifu wa usanifu wa [[mitindo]], mvumbuzi, [[msanii]] na [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa kuvumbua kitambaa cha metali chenye uwezo wa kunyooshwa katika mielekeo sita.<ref>[https://www.vogue.com/article/natalia-fedner-metalwear-cardi-b-jennifer-lopez-megan-thee-stallion The Designer Creating the Hottest Celebrity Looks Made of Metal] Vogue.com, June 1, 2025</ref><ref>[http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2014/03/20/designer-boosting-her-profile-on-tv-show.html Fashion designer Natalia Fedner boosting her profile on TV show] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518080741/https://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/life_and_entertainment/2014/03/20/designer-boosting-her-profile-on-tv-show.html |date=May 18, 2021 }}. The Columbus Dispatch, Retrieved August 20, 2015</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1983|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] oopi8xlhz6y92p1lko7851ay4gxyvee 0 256936 1614194 2026-11-06T09:07:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Abi Ferrin''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye makao yake [[Dallas]], [[Texas]]. ==Wasifu== Ferrin alitumia utoto wake huko Wyoming, na hatimaye akasomea masomo ya serikali na uandishi wa habari za utangazaji katika chuo kikuu. Akichochewa na masomo yake, Abi alihamia [[Washington D.C.]] ili kufuatilia taaluma inayohusiana na masomo aliyokuwa amesomea chuoni.<ref>Stillo, Laura. February, 2011. [http://abiferrin.youplusdallas.com/ ''You Plus Dallas''] {...' 1614194 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abi Ferrin''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye makao yake [[Dallas]], [[Texas]]. ==Wasifu== Ferrin alitumia utoto wake huko Wyoming, na hatimaye akasomea masomo ya serikali na uandishi wa habari za utangazaji katika chuo kikuu. Akichochewa na masomo yake, Abi alihamia [[Washington D.C.]] ili kufuatilia taaluma inayohusiana na masomo aliyokuwa amesomea chuoni.<ref>Stillo, Laura. February, 2011. [http://abiferrin.youplusdallas.com/ ''You Plus Dallas''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718143317/http://abiferrin.youplusdallas.com/ |date=July 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>Rolon, Rosalind de. Dec. 2010. [http://www.goodnewsgirlz.com/story/abi-ferrin-part2 "Abi Ferrin Fashioning a Revolution: Part Two"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320114854/http://www.goodnewsgirlz.com/story/abi-ferrin-part2 |date=2011-03-20 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fv1bpch7hxy8re53ltv5naxjsfn2mi8 0 256937 1614196 2026-11-06T09:11:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Erin Fetherston''' (amezaliwa [[22 Agosti]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na usanifu wa mambo ya ndani kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizindua chapa yake ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] iliyopewa jina lake huko [[Paris]] mwaka 2005 na kuhamishia shughuli za biashara hiyo New York City miaka miwili baadaye, ambako alionyesha mikusanyo ya mavazi ya kuvaa moja kwa moja wakati wa New York Fashion Week.<ref name="soma">{{cite news |last=Latos |first=Hillary |tit...' 1614196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Erin Fetherston''' (amezaliwa [[22 Agosti]], [[1981]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na usanifu wa mambo ya ndani kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alizindua chapa yake ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] iliyopewa jina lake huko [[Paris]] mwaka 2005 na kuhamishia shughuli za biashara hiyo New York City miaka miwili baadaye, ambako alionyesha mikusanyo ya mavazi ya kuvaa moja kwa moja wakati wa New York Fashion Week.<ref name="soma">{{cite news |last=Latos |first=Hillary |title=Erin Fetherston |url=https://www.somamagazine.com/erin-fetherston/ |work=SOMA |language=en |access-date=July 28, 2026 }}</ref><ref name="npr2007">{{cite news |title=High Fashion Hits 'Target' |url=https://www.npr.org/2007/11/26/16611595/high-fashion-hits-target |work=NPR |language=en |date=November 26, 2007 |access-date=July 28, 2026 }}</ref><ref name="chd2021">{{cite news |last=Shook |first=Lindsey |title=15 Minutes with Erin Fetherston |url=https://www.californiahomedesign.com/trending/2021/08/09/15-minutes-with-erin-fetherston/ |work=California Home+Design |language=en |date=August 9, 2021 |access-date=July 28, 2026 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] p2l2eoexvutgtakoosykyygxaxmcwsk 0 256938 1614198 2026-11-06T09:16:09Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jimmie Carole Fife Stewart''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1940]]) ni [[mwalimu]] wa [[sanaa]], mbunifu wa mitindo ya Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]] na msanii mwenye asili ya Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Chilocco Indian School na kusoma kozi katika University of Arizona, alipata shahada kutoka Oklahoma State University na kuanza kufanya kazi kama [[mwalimu]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Carter |first1=Sue |title=Today in Oklahoma |magazine=Oklahoma...' 1614198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jimmie Carole Fife Stewart''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1940]]) ni [[mwalimu]] wa [[sanaa]], mbunifu wa mitindo ya Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]] na msanii mwenye asili ya Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Chilocco Indian School na kusoma kozi katika University of Arizona, alipata shahada kutoka Oklahoma State University na kuanza kufanya kazi kama [[mwalimu]].<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Carter |first1=Sue |title=Today in Oklahoma |magazine=[[Oklahoma Today]] |date=July–August 1985 |volume=35 |issue=4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/oklahoma-today-volume-35-issue-4/page/n3 4] |url=https://archive.org/details/oklahoma-today-volume-35-issue-4 |access-date=August 4, 2019 |publisher=Oklahoma Department of Tourism and Recreation |location=Oklahoma City, Oklahoma |issn=0030-1892}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1940|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 0s2hnlnd2i80jlx3lse3vrs7n3lcd7d 0 256939 1614200 2026-11-06T09:21:12Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Phyllis Fife''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1948]]) ni [[mchoraji]] na [[mwalimu]] mwenye asili ya Muscogee Creek kutoka [[Oklahoma]]. ==Maisha binafsi na elimu== Fife alizaliwa karibu na [[Dustin]], [[Oklahoma]], akiwa mtoto wa James Fife na Carmen Griffin Fife. Yeye ni mwanachama wa ukoo wa Raccoon na mji wa kikabila wa Tukvpvtce.<ref name=heller>{{cite book|author1=Jules Heller|author2=Nancy G. Heller|title=North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Centu...' 1614200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phyllis Fife''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1948]]) ni [[mchoraji]] na [[mwalimu]] mwenye asili ya Muscogee Creek kutoka [[Oklahoma]]. ==Maisha binafsi na elimu== Fife alizaliwa karibu na [[Dustin]], [[Oklahoma]], akiwa mtoto wa James Fife na Carmen Griffin Fife. Yeye ni mwanachama wa ukoo wa Raccoon na mji wa kikabila wa Tukvpvtce.<ref name=heller>{{cite book|author1=Jules Heller|author2=Nancy G. Heller|title=North American Women Artists of the Twentieth Century: A Biographical Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AYxmAgAAQBAJ&pg=PR11|date=19 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-63882-5}}</ref><ref name="ttr">{{cite news|title=2013 Mvskoke Hall Of Fame Inducts Jacobs, Thompson, and Fife|work=Tribal Town Radio|publisher=Muscogee Creek Nation|date=October 23, 2013}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1948|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 6sj9icbbk7ywm2vjghi0m7ydf8ciana 0 256940 1614202 2026-11-06T09:25:10Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Renée Firestone''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1924]]) ni manusura wa Maangamizi ya Wayahudi (Holocaust) mwenye asili ya [[Kiyahudi]] kutoka [[Chekoslovakia]] na [[mwalimu]], ambaye alijulikana kutokana na ubunifu wake wa mitindo katika miaka ya 1960 baada ya kuhamia [[Marekani]].<ref name=Scheck>{{Citation |last=Scheck |first=Frank |title='After Auschwitz': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/auschwitz-1104225/ | da...' 1614202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renée Firestone''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1924]]) ni manusura wa Maangamizi ya Wayahudi (Holocaust) mwenye asili ya [[Kiyahudi]] kutoka [[Chekoslovakia]] na [[mwalimu]], ambaye alijulikana kutokana na ubunifu wake wa mitindo katika miaka ya 1960 baada ya kuhamia [[Marekani]].<ref name=Scheck>{{Citation |last=Scheck |first=Frank |title='After Auschwitz': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/auschwitz-1104225/ | date=2018-04-19 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=2023-01-13}}</ref><ref name="MercuryNews-2018">{{Cite web|last=Salonga|first=Robert|date=2018-04-24|title=Holocaust survivor, 94, recounts atrocities to keep memory alive|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/23/holocaust-survivor-94-recounts-atrocities-to-keep-memory-alive/|work=[[The Mercury News]]|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ebc550bcqs590g98c0ghaqpizk1zgkh 1614204 1614202 2026-11-06T09:26:28Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1614204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Renée Firestone''' (amezaliwa [[13 Aprili]], [[1924]]) ni manusura wa Maangamizi ya Wayahudi (Holocaust) mwenye asili ya [[Kiyahudi]] kutoka [[Chekoslovakia]] na [[mwalimu]], ambaye alijulikana kutokana na ubunifu wake wa mitindo katika miaka ya 1960 baada ya kuhamia [[Marekani]].<ref name=Scheck>{{Citation |last=Scheck |first=Frank |title='After Auschwitz': Film Review |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/auschwitz-1104225/ | date=2018-04-19 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=2023-01-13}}</ref><ref name="MercuryNews-2018">{{Rejea tovuti|last=Salonga|first=Robert|date=2018-04-24|title=Holocaust survivor, 94, recounts atrocities to keep memory alive|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/23/holocaust-survivor-94-recounts-atrocities-to-keep-memory-alive/|work=[[The Mercury News]]|access-date=2021-06-25}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1924|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] lfl7yrph1wnwnxun2mpehb3yjoktch8 0 256941 1614205 2026-11-06T09:26:50Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 #100WikiDaysChallengeRDC2026 " Création en Traduction Article | Hervé Kabasele " 1614205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hervé Kabasele Kasonga''', alizaliwa (Oktoba 24, 1996), [[Mbuji-Mayi]]<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Herve-Kabasele/Summary/121392 Herve Kabasele Kasonga : C#14], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR002">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/history/200-fiba-basketball-world-cup-qualifiers/208424/players/221126-herve-kabasele-kasonga Herve Kabasele Kasonga], sur www.fiba.basketball, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>, Ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka Kongo. Anacheza katika nafasi ya 'center' na anawakilisha klabu ya Ciudad Molina Basket katika ligi ya Uhispania inayojulikana kama "Segunda FEB". == Wasifu == Alianza kujifunza mchezo huo katika klabu ya "New Generation" jijini [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003">{{en}} ; ''FIBA Basketball : [https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/afrobasket-2021-qualifiers-news-playing-at-afrobasket-made-me-a-better-player-says-dr-congos-herve-kabasele "Playing at AfroBasket made me a better player", says DR Congo's Herve Kabasele], sur www.fiba.basketball, Janvier 27, 2021, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. == Safari ya Kichezaji == Baada ya kukuza ujuzi wake akiwa na klabu ya “Nouvelle génération” jijini [[Kinshasa]] (2012–2015), alipata uzoefu wake wa kwanza nje ya nchi kwa kucheza katika ligi ya Tunisia akiwa na klabu ya Étoile Sportive Goulettoise. Baadaye alirejea “Nouvelle génération” (2016–2017), ambapo alitambuliwa kama mlinzi bora katika ligi ya huko. Kabasele ni mchezaji mwenye nguvu za kimwili, anayeweza kuhitimisha mashambulizi mbalimbali na mwenye uwezo mzuri wa kupiga risasi kutoka umbali wa kati; kutokana na maendeleo yanayoendelea katika uchezaji wake, bado ana nafasi kubwa ya kukua zaidi<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI001">{{es}} ; ''[https://zonadebasquet.com/2017/10/12/descubriendo-a-herve-kabasele-nuevo-pivot-del-cafes-candelas-breogan/ Descubriendo a Hervé Kabasele, nuevo pívot del Cafés Candelas Breogán], zonadebasquet.com, 05 11 2026}}</ref>. Mnamo Oktoba 2017, alijiunga na Club Baloncesto Breogán katika ligi ya LEB Oro, baada ya kupata wastani wa pointi 14.8 na mipira 6.5 iliyonaswa kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds) katika michezo 4 aliyoichezea timu ya taifa ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] kwenye hatua ya fainali ya Afrobasket 2017<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002">{{es}} ; ''[http://www.leboro.es/2017/10/12/baloncesto/cafes-candelas-breogan-incorpora-joven-jugador-herve-kabasele/72443.aspx El Cafés Candelas Breogán incorpora al joven jugador Herve Kabasele], www.leboro.es, 12 octobre 2017, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. Katika msimu wa 2019–2020, alicheza kwa mkopo katika timu ya wanaume ya Club Baloncesto Breogán kwenye ligi ya LEB Oro, akirekodi wastani wa ufanisi wa 11.9. Alifikia takwimu hizi kwa wastani wa pointi 8.1 na mipira iliyonaswa (rebounds) 6.6 kwa kila mchezo, ikiwemo mipira 2.87 iliyonaswa katika eneo la kushambulia, rekodi ya pili kwa ubora katika ligi ya LEB Oro msimu huo, pamoja na wastani wa kuzuia mipira (blocks) 1.6 kwa kila mchezo. Mnamo Januari 2020, alisaini mkataba na timu ya Erie BayHawks ya ligi ya G-League (yenye makao yake Pennsylvania), ambapo alifanya mazoezi na kushiriki katika michezo hadi ligi hiyo iliposimamishwa kutokana na janga la COVID-19. Mnamo Agosti 2020, alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Club Baloncesto Breogán kutoka Oviedo Club Baloncesto, timu nyingine inayoshiriki ligi ya Uhispania ya LEB Oro, kwa ajili ya msimu wa 2020–2021. Mnamo Julai 14, 2022, alisaini mkataba na Real Valladolid Baloncesto, katika ligi ya LEB Oro<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004">{{es}} ; ''realvalladolidbaloncesto.es, [https://realvalladolidbaloncesto.es/herve-kabasele-un-cinco-poderoso-para-el-uemc-rvb/, Herve Kabasele, un ‘cinco’ poderoso y conocedor de la categoría, es el nuevo jugador del UEMC Real Valladolid Baloncesto], juillet 2022, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. Kwa msimu wa 2024-2025, alijiunga na "Grupo Alega Cantabria" katika ligi ya "Primera FEB," ambapo alicheza kwa wastani wa dakika 12 kwa kila mchezo katika ligi hiyo na michuano ya Copa España, akishiriki jumla ya michezo 12 akiwa na timu hiyo ya Cantabria. Mnamo Januari 15, 2025, alisaini mkataba na Club Melilla Baloncesto, timu inayoshiriki ligi ya "Segunda FEB" nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Januari 14, 2026, alisaini mkataba na Ciudad Molina Basket, timu ambayo nayo inashiriki ligi ya "Segunda FEB" nchini Uhispania<ref>{{es}} ; ''www.feb.es, [https://www.feb.es/2025/1/15/baloncesto/melilla-ciudad-del-deporte-hace-con-los-servicios-herve-kabasele/101149.aspx El Melilla Ciudad del Deporte se hace con los servicios de Herve Kabasele], janvier 2025, consulté 05 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{es}} ; ''molinabasket.es, [https://www.molinabasket.es/es/news/segunda-feb--herve-kabasele-refuerzo-interior-contrastado-para-el-ciudad-molina-basket Herve Kabasele, refuerzo interior contrastado para el Ciudad Molina Basket], janvier 2026, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu wa kitaaluma == * 2016-2017: ''New Generation'' ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]]) * 2017-2018: Breogán (Hispania) * 2018-2019: Erie BayHawks (NBA G League)<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003"/> * 2019-2022 : ''Oviedo CB'' ('''LEB Oro''') * 2022- : ''Real Canoe NC''<ref name="ADAMWINEUR004">{{es}} ; ''[https://www.feb.es/competiciones/jugador/921670/2706090 KASONGA, HERVE KABASELE], sur www.feb.es, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref> == Timu ya taifa == * ''AfroBasket 2017'': Nafasi ya 6, alionyesha kipaji chake akiwa na umri wa miaka 20<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003"/> * ''AfroCan 2019'': mshindi (bingwa) nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] == Takwimu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za FIBA ​​katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] ! Mashindano !! Dakika Zilizochezwa !! Pointi !! Ripaundi |- | '''AfroBasket 2017''' || 4 || 6,5 || 5,0 |- | '''AfroBasket Qualif'''. 2021<ref name="ADAMWINEUR006">{{fr}} ; ''[https://actualite.cd/2022/08/09/elimcoupe-du-monde-2023-nous-avons-encore-de-lespoir-pour-avoir-la-qualification-voir Elim/Coupe du monde 2023: «Nous avons encore de l'espoir pour avoir la qualification voir même à 95%» (Hervé Kabasele)], sur actualite.cd, 09 août 2022, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref> || 3 || 8,3 || 4,7 |- | '''AfroCan 2019''' || 5 || 9,2 || 6,1 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za LEB Oro ! Kipindi !! Mabadiliko !! MJ !! Pointi !! Riboni |- | 2019-20 || '''Oviedo''' || 24 || 7,1 || 5,3 |- | 2020-21 || '''Oviedo'' || 26 || 8,4 || 6,0 |} == Vidokezo na marejeleo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] 12t7e7i3erffx7zdzaodgy0ytqnszog 1614213 1614205 2026-11-06T09:43:59Z AdamLynnMcGill007 72462 /* Safari ya Kichezaji */ 1614213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hervé Kabasele Kasonga''', alizaliwa (Oktoba 24, 1996), [[Mbuji-Mayi]]<ref name="ADAMWINEUR001">{{en}} ; ''[https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Herve-Kabasele/Summary/121392 Herve Kabasele Kasonga : C#14], sur basketball.realgm.com, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref name="ADAMWINEUR002">{{en}} ; ''[https://www.fiba.basketball/fr/history/200-fiba-basketball-world-cup-qualifiers/208424/players/221126-herve-kabasele-kasonga Herve Kabasele Kasonga], sur www.fiba.basketball, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>, Ni mchezaji wa mpira wa kikapu kutoka Kongo. Anacheza katika nafasi ya 'center' na anawakilisha klabu ya Ciudad Molina Basket katika ligi ya Uhispania inayojulikana kama "Segunda FEB". == Wasifu == Alianza kujifunza mchezo huo katika klabu ya "New Generation" jijini [[Kinshasa]], [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003">{{en}} ; ''FIBA Basketball : [https://www.fiba.basketball/en/news/afrobasket-2021-qualifiers-news-playing-at-afrobasket-made-me-a-better-player-says-dr-congos-herve-kabasele "Playing at AfroBasket made me a better player", says DR Congo's Herve Kabasele], sur www.fiba.basketball, Janvier 27, 2021, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. == Safari ya Kichezaji == Baada ya kukuza ujuzi wake akiwa na klabu ya “Nouvelle génération” jijini [[Kinshasa]] (2012–2015), alipata uzoefu wake wa kwanza nje ya nchi kwa kucheza katika ligi ya Tunisia akiwa na klabu ya Étoile Sportive Goulettoise. Baadaye alirejea “Nouvelle génération” (2016–2017), ambapo alitambuliwa kama mlinzi bora katika ligi ya huko. Kabasele ni mchezaji mwenye nguvu za kimwili, anayeweza kuhitimisha mashambulizi mbalimbali na mwenye uwezo mzuri wa kupiga risasi kutoka umbali wa kati; kutokana na maendeleo yanayoendelea katika uchezaji wake, bado ana nafasi kubwa ya kukua zaidi<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI001">{{es}} ; ''[https://zonadebasquet.com/2017/10/12/descubriendo-a-herve-kabasele-nuevo-pivot-del-cafes-candelas-breogan/ Descubriendo a Hervé Kabasele, nuevo pívot del Cafés Candelas Breogán], sur zonadebasquet.com, consulté le 05 11 2026</ref>. Mnamo Oktoba 2017, alijiunga na Club Baloncesto Breogán katika ligi ya LEB Oro, baada ya kupata wastani wa pointi 14.8 na mipira 6.5 iliyonaswa kutoka kwenye ubao (rebounds) katika michezo 4 aliyoichezea timu ya taifa ya [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] kwenye hatua ya fainali ya Afrobasket 2017<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI002">{{es}} ; ''[http://www.leboro.es/2017/10/12/baloncesto/cafes-candelas-breogan-incorpora-joven-jugador-herve-kabasele/72443.aspx El Cafés Candelas Breogán incorpora al joven jugador Herve Kabasele], www.leboro.es, 12 octobre 2017, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. Katika msimu wa 2019–2020, alicheza kwa mkopo katika timu ya wanaume ya Club Baloncesto Breogán kwenye ligi ya LEB Oro, akirekodi wastani wa ufanisi wa 11.9. Alifikia takwimu hizi kwa wastani wa pointi 8.1 na mipira iliyonaswa (rebounds) 6.6 kwa kila mchezo, ikiwemo mipira 2.87 iliyonaswa katika eneo la kushambulia, rekodi ya pili kwa ubora katika ligi ya LEB Oro msimu huo, pamoja na wastani wa kuzuia mipira (blocks) 1.6 kwa kila mchezo. Mnamo Januari 2020, alisaini mkataba na timu ya Erie BayHawks ya ligi ya G-League (yenye makao yake Pennsylvania), ambapo alifanya mazoezi na kushiriki katika michezo hadi ligi hiyo iliposimamishwa kutokana na janga la COVID-19. Mnamo Agosti 2020, alipelekwa kwa mkopo katika klabu ya Club Baloncesto Breogán kutoka Oviedo Club Baloncesto, timu nyingine inayoshiriki ligi ya Uhispania ya LEB Oro, kwa ajili ya msimu wa 2020–2021. Mnamo Julai 14, 2022, alisaini mkataba na Real Valladolid Baloncesto, katika ligi ya LEB Oro<ref name="ADAMNTUMBAMBAYI004">{{es}} ; ''realvalladolidbaloncesto.es, [https://realvalladolidbaloncesto.es/herve-kabasele-un-cinco-poderoso-para-el-uemc-rvb/, Herve Kabasele, un ‘cinco’ poderoso y conocedor de la categoría, es el nuevo jugador del UEMC Real Valladolid Baloncesto], juillet 2022, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. Kwa msimu wa 2024-2025, alijiunga na "Grupo Alega Cantabria" katika ligi ya "Primera FEB," ambapo alicheza kwa wastani wa dakika 12 kwa kila mchezo katika ligi hiyo na michuano ya Copa España, akishiriki jumla ya michezo 12 akiwa na timu hiyo ya Cantabria. Mnamo Januari 15, 2025, alisaini mkataba na Club Melilla Baloncesto, timu inayoshiriki ligi ya "Segunda FEB" nchini Uhispania. Mnamo Januari 14, 2026, alisaini mkataba na Ciudad Molina Basket, timu ambayo nayo inashiriki ligi ya "Segunda FEB" nchini Uhispania<ref>{{es}} ; ''www.feb.es, [https://www.feb.es/2025/1/15/baloncesto/melilla-ciudad-del-deporte-hace-con-los-servicios-herve-kabasele/101149.aspx El Melilla Ciudad del Deporte se hace con los servicios de Herve Kabasele], janvier 2025, consulté 05 novembre 2026</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{es}} ; ''molinabasket.es, [https://www.molinabasket.es/es/news/segunda-feb--herve-kabasele-refuerzo-interior-contrastado-para-el-ciudad-molina-basket Herve Kabasele, refuerzo interior contrastado para el Ciudad Molina Basket], janvier 2026, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref>. == Wasifu wa kitaaluma == * 2016-2017: ''New Generation'' ([[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]]) * 2017-2018: Breogán (Hispania) * 2018-2019: Erie BayHawks (NBA G League)<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003"/> * 2019-2022 : ''Oviedo CB'' ('''LEB Oro''') * 2022- : ''Real Canoe NC''<ref name="ADAMWINEUR004">{{es}} ; ''[https://www.feb.es/competiciones/jugador/921670/2706090 KASONGA, HERVE KABASELE], sur www.feb.es, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref> == Timu ya taifa == * ''AfroBasket 2017'': Nafasi ya 6, alionyesha kipaji chake akiwa na umri wa miaka 20<ref name="ADAMWINEUR003"/> * ''AfroCan 2019'': mshindi (bingwa) nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] == Takwimu == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za FIBA ​​katika [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo|DRC]] ! Mashindano !! Dakika Zilizochezwa !! Pointi !! Ripaundi |- | '''AfroBasket 2017''' || 4 || 6,5 || 5,0 |- | '''AfroBasket Qualif'''. 2021<ref name="ADAMWINEUR006">{{fr}} ; ''[https://actualite.cd/2022/08/09/elimcoupe-du-monde-2023-nous-avons-encore-de-lespoir-pour-avoir-la-qualification-voir Elim/Coupe du monde 2023: «Nous avons encore de l'espoir pour avoir la qualification voir même à 95%» (Hervé Kabasele)], sur actualite.cd, 09 août 2022, consulté le 05 novembre 2026</ref> || 3 || 8,3 || 4,7 |- | '''AfroCan 2019''' || 5 || 9,2 || 6,1 |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Takwimu za LEB Oro ! Kipindi !! Mabadiliko !! MJ !! Pointi !! Riboni |- | 2019-20 || '''Oviedo''' || 24 || 7,1 || 5,3 |- | 2020-21 || '''Oviedo'' || 26 || 8,4 || 6,0 |} == Vidokezo na marejeleo == {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa mpira wa kikapu]] flr9o4bui25v34plwwdrrf45ny730su 0 256942 1614206 2026-11-06T09:28:30Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eileen Fisher''' (amezaliwa [[6 Juni]], [[1951]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] ya Eileen Fisher Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paton |first=Elizabeth |date=2022-08-13 |title=The Queen of Slow Fashion on the Art of a Slow Exit |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/13/fashion/eileen-fisher-retirement.html |access-date=20...' 1614206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eileen Fisher''' (amezaliwa [[6 Juni]], [[1951]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mjasiriamali kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya [[wanawake]] ya Eileen Fisher Inc.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paton |first=Elizabeth |date=2022-08-13 |title=The Queen of Slow Fashion on the Art of a Slow Exit |language=en-US |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/13/fashion/eileen-fisher-retirement.html |access-date=2023-07-14 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="inc-magazine">{{cite journal |last1= Welch |first1= Liz |title= How I Did It | date= November 1, 2010 |url= http://www.inc.com/magazine/20101101/how-i-did-it-eileen-fisher.html |journal =Inc.}}</ref><ref name="inc-magazine"/> graduating in 1972.<ref>bloomberg.com [https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=6425301&privcapId=4271079 Executive Profile: Eileen Fisher]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] kkyfmlx2nemtdtk5tso2myj9ye04zua 0 256943 1614208 2026-11-06T09:32:39Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fanny Fern Fitzwater''' ([[1886]] – [[1966]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mchoraji wa vielelezo vya mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Fitzwater alizaliwa tarehe 25 Juni 1886 huko Penn Yan, New York. Alisoma katika Syracuse University na Art Students League of New York. Kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1920 hadi katikati ya miaka ya 1940, Fitzwater alikuwa mwandishi wa habari katika gazeti la New York Herald Tribune, akiripoti kuhusu mitindo na matukio y...' 1614208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fanny Fern Fitzwater''' ([[1886]] – [[1966]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mchoraji wa vielelezo vya mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Fitzwater alizaliwa tarehe 25 Juni 1886 huko Penn Yan, New York. Alisoma katika Syracuse University na Art Students League of New York. Kuanzia katikati ya miaka ya 1920 hadi katikati ya miaka ya 1940, Fitzwater alikuwa mwandishi wa habari katika gazeti la New York Herald Tribune, akiripoti kuhusu mitindo na matukio ya kijamii. Kwa kipindi fulani, safu yake ya habari ilisambazwa katika magazeti mbalimbali.<ref name="Missouri Remembers">{{cite web |title=Fanny Fern Fitzwater |url=https://missouriartists.org/person/morem164/ |website=Missouri Remembers |access-date=27 July 2026 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Victoria and Albert Museum">{{cite web |title=Fashion illustration |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O575672/fashion-illustration-fanny-fern-fitzwater/ |website=Victoria and Albert Museum |access-date=27 July 2026}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1886|1966}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fyrdatontt8rxsk84a00lqqbgn4sqop 0 256944 1614209 2026-11-06T09:33:52Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ingmar Bengtsson''' ([[2 Machi]] [[1920]] – [[3 Desemba]] [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] bingwa wa taaluma ya muziki (musicologist), mkosoaji wa muziki na [[mwalimu]] wa muziki kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Alipata elimu katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Muziki cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Music), ambako alisoma chini ya mwalimu Olof Wibergh. Pia alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala, ambako alijifunza taaluma...' 1614209 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingmar Bengtsson''' ([[2 Machi]] [[1920]] – [[3 Desemba]] [[1989]]) alikuwa [[mwanamuziki]] bingwa wa taaluma ya muziki (musicologist), mkosoaji wa muziki na [[mwalimu]] wa muziki kutoka [[Uswidi]]. Alizaliwa jijini [[Stockholm]], nchini Uswidi. Alipata elimu katika Chuo cha Kifalme cha Muziki cha Uswidi (Royal Swedish Academy of Music), ambako alisoma chini ya mwalimu Olof Wibergh. Pia alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala, ambako alijifunza taaluma ya uchunguzi na utafiti wa muziki chini ya Carl-Allan Moberg. Aidha, alipata mafunzo binafsi kutoka kwa Gottfrid Boon. Kuanzia mwaka 1943 hadi 1959, Bengtsson alikuwa mkosoaji wa muziki katika gazeti la Svenska Dagbladet. Kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi 1986, alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Jumuiya ya Uswidi ya Utafiti wa Muziki (Swedish Society for Music Research). Kwa miongo kadhaa, pia alihudumu kama mhariri wa jarida la kitaaluma la muziki Svensk tidskrift för musikforskning. Bengtsson alikuwa [[profesa]] mwandamizi wa taaluma ya muziki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala kuanzia mwaka 1961 hadi alipostaafu mwaka 1985<ref>https://runeberg.org/vemardet/1985/0092.html</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1920]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Uswidi]] h8dh2qnasf10mhyn4a27kx7652gdym6 0 256945 1614210 2026-11-06T09:36:25Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:Suzy Parker wearing Anne Fogarty, Bates Fabrics 1952.jpg|thumb|[[Suzy Parker]] akiwa amevaa vazi la Anne Fogarty, 1952]] '''Anne Fogarty''' ([[2 Februari]], [[1919]] – [[15 Januari]], [[1980]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyefanya kazi kati ya mwaka 1940 na 1980. Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya staha na ya kike, ambayo ilikuwa ya bei nafuu kwa [[wanawake]] wa Marekani wenye kipato kidogo.<ref name=wsj>{{cite news|last1=Br...' 1614210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Suzy Parker wearing Anne Fogarty, Bates Fabrics 1952.jpg|thumb|[[Suzy Parker]] akiwa amevaa vazi la Anne Fogarty, 1952]] '''Anne Fogarty''' ([[2 Februari]], [[1919]] – [[15 Januari]], [[1980]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], aliyefanya kazi kati ya mwaka 1940 na 1980. Alijulikana kwa mitindo yake ya staha na ya kike, ambayo ilikuwa ya bei nafuu kwa [[wanawake]] wa Marekani wenye kipato kidogo.<ref name=wsj>{{cite news|last1=Brinkley|first1=Christina|title=Does This Book Make Me Look Chic?|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB120597049502050273|accessdate=20 March 2017|work=Wall Street Journal {{subscription required}}|date=20 March 2008}}</ref><ref name=popobit>{{cite news|last1=van Gelder|first1=Lawrence|title=Poppy Cannon White, 69, Dead; Writer Was Authority on Food|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/02/archives/poppy-cannon-white-69-dead-writer-was-authority-on-food.html|accessdate=2023-07-14|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 April 1975}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1919|1980}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] rie5lq4rfvwmu5n61iiynpu2g6vsx5d 0 256946 1614211 2026-11-06T09:40:08Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Helena Leander.jpg|thumb|'''Helena Leander''']] '''Helena Leander''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] wa Chama cha Kijani (Green Party). Amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag) tangu mwaka 2006<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=1811&iid=0872978640827</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]]' 1614211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Helena Leander.jpg|thumb|'''Helena Leander''']] '''Helena Leander''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] wa Chama cha Kijani (Green Party). Amekuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag) tangu mwaka 2006<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=1811&iid=0872978640827</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]] cqxttf05oq1ebzdoaf6mvqst5nign0a 0 256947 1614212 2026-11-06T09:41:27Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Edith Magalis Foltz Stearns Grissom''' ([[17 Agosti]], [[1902]] – [[27 Juni]], [[1956]]) alikuwa [[rubani]] wa kwanza [[mwanamke]] wa usafiri wa anga katika [[Oregon]], na wa tano nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Accident Turns Edith Foltz From Career As Singer To Remarkable Flying Record|last=Jones|first=Webster A.|date=8 March 1931|work=The Oregonian|page=12}}</ref> na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa [[gavana]] wa jimbo katika Nation...' 1614212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edith Magalis Foltz Stearns Grissom''' ([[17 Agosti]], [[1902]] – [[27 Juni]], [[1956]]) alikuwa [[rubani]] wa kwanza [[mwanamke]] wa usafiri wa anga katika [[Oregon]], na wa tano nchini [[Marekani]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Accident Turns Edith Foltz From Career As Singer To Remarkable Flying Record|last=Jones|first=Webster A.|date=8 March 1931|work=The Oregonian|page=12}}</ref> na [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuwa [[gavana]] wa jimbo katika National Aeronautic Association.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=Villani|first=William|date=July 1995|title=Edith Foltz Stearns (Part II)|url=https://oregonaviation.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/1995-07-reduced.pdf|journal=Oregon Aviation Museum Newsletter|volume=4|pages=4}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29530290/edith_foltz_stearns_dies_pioneer_woman/|title=Edith Foltz Stearns Dies, Pioneer Woman Pilot|date=28 June 1956|work=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=15 March 2019|via=newspapers.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|1956}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nbt7ownvabi4l2zo7oemjzt51evpov8 0 256948 1614215 2026-11-06T09:45:42Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mia Fonssagrives-Solow''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1941]]) ni [[mchongaji]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo na mavazi ya maonyesho mwenye makao yake [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mia Fonssagrives-Solow |url=http://www.leilahellergallery.com/artists/mia-fonssagrives-solow |website=Leila Heller Gallery |access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref name=vogue1>{{cite journal |last1=Borrelli-Persson...' 1614215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mia Fonssagrives-Solow''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1941]]) ni [[mchongaji]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alikuwa mbunifu wa mitindo na mavazi ya maonyesho mwenye makao yake [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mia Fonssagrives-Solow |url=http://www.leilahellergallery.com/artists/mia-fonssagrives-solow |website=Leila Heller Gallery |access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref><ref name=vogue1>{{cite journal |last1=Borrelli-Persson |first1=Laird |title=Sculptor Mia Fonssagrives Solow Talks About Art, Fashion, Family, and Fembots |journal=Vogue |date=September 16, 2019 |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/mia-fonssagrives-solow-interview-robots-femmebots |access-date=December 21, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] qyodphcjbdkxdrc7l12xo84zt7kkejr 3 256949 1614217 2026-11-06T09:48:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614217 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) gd4jkf17wdb65lrcxztkn03yllphvb2 3 256950 1614218 2026-11-06T09:48:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614218 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) gd4jkf17wdb65lrcxztkn03yllphvb2 3 256951 1614219 2026-11-06T09:48:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614219 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) gd4jkf17wdb65lrcxztkn03yllphvb2 3 256952 1614220 2026-11-06T09:48:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614220 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) gd4jkf17wdb65lrcxztkn03yllphvb2 3 256953 1614221 2026-11-06T09:48:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614221 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) gd4jkf17wdb65lrcxztkn03yllphvb2 3 256954 1614222 2026-11-06T09:49:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614222 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 3 256955 1614223 2026-11-06T09:49:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614223 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 3 256956 1614224 2026-11-06T09:49:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614224 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 3 256957 1614225 2026-11-06T09:49:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614225 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 0 256958 1614226 2026-11-06T09:49:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lindsay Frimodt''' (amezaliwa [[28 Machi]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://legends.filminspector.com/2017/07/lindsay-frimodt-model-and-clothing.html|title=Lindsay Frimodt, Model and Clothing Designer|last=Bjorkman|first=James|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>Alishiriki katika onyesho la kila mwaka la mitindo la ''Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' mwaka 2002 na 2003.<re...' 1614226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lindsay Frimodt''' (amezaliwa [[28 Machi]], [[1981]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na mbunifu wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://legends.filminspector.com/2017/07/lindsay-frimodt-model-and-clothing.html|title=Lindsay Frimodt, Model and Clothing Designer|last=Bjorkman|first=James|language=en|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>Alishiriki katika onyesho la kila mwaka la mitindo la ''Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' mwaka 2002 na 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lebook.com/lindsayfrimodt|title=Lindsay FRIMODT {{!}} LE BOOK|website=www.lebook.com|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lindsayfrimodt.net/new-gallery|title=Gallery|website=LINDSAY FRIMODT|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] hpnmpfobbberafi6asw39kdm7p1935g 3 256959 1614227 2026-11-06T09:49:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614227 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 3 256960 1614228 2026-11-06T09:49:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614228 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 21rk947213mm55vcuxwcsqc4jvzmcpi 3 256961 1614229 2026-11-06T09:50:04Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614229 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 3 256962 1614230 2026-11-06T09:50:14Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614230 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 3 256963 1614231 2026-11-06T09:50:24Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614231 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 3 256964 1614232 2026-11-06T09:50:34Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614232 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 3 256965 1614233 2026-11-06T09:50:44Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614233 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 3 256966 1614234 2026-11-06T09:50:54Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1614234 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 6 Novemba 2026 (UTC) 489w3hmkqsbfd5gc89io6ivivi6ww8j 0 256967 1614235 2026-11-06T09:53:07Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Diane von Fürstenberg''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Diane Simone Michele Halfin'''; [[31 Desemba]], [[1946]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Ubelgiji]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa vazi lake maarufu la [[gauni]] linalofungwa kwa kuzungushwa kiunoni.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=2009-07-18|title=Tightening Belts? She's the Expert |language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/business/19di...' 1614235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane von Fürstenberg''' (amezaliwa kwa jina la '''Diane Simone Michele Halfin'''; [[31 Desemba]], [[1946]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Ubelgiji]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa vazi lake maarufu la [[gauni]] linalofungwa kwa kuzungushwa kiunoni.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Rosenbloom|first=Stephanie|date=2009-07-18|title=Tightening Belts? She's the Expert |language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/19/business/19diane.html|access-date=2021-03-05|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">Jess Cartner-Morley, [https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2014/jul/01/diane-von-furstenburg-stuido-54-google-wrap-dress-oprah-warhol-anna-wintour Diane von Furstenberg: "I danced at Studio 54. Now I work with Google"], [[The Guardian]], 1 July 2014.</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1946|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 3q3xqaqcc4mr1bo88g0jid4pw4drs7x 0 256968 1614236 2026-11-06T09:56:04Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:David Åhman (SWE) 2022.jpg|thumb|'''David Åhman''']] '''Klas David Åhman''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[20 Desemba]] [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa mchezo wa voliboli ya ufukweni kutoka [[Uswidi]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182227/https://www.olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/david-ahman_1934586</ref>. Akiwa pamoja na Jonatan Hellvig, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya mwaka 20...' 1614236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:David Åhman (SWE) 2022.jpg|thumb|'''David Åhman''']] '''Klas David Åhman''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[20 Desemba]] [[2001]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa mchezo wa voliboli ya ufukweni kutoka [[Uswidi]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20241007182227/https://www.olympics.com/en/paris-2024/athlete/david-ahman_1934586</ref>. Akiwa pamoja na Jonatan Hellvig, alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Kiangazi ya mwaka 2024. Wawili hao pia walishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Voliboli ya Ufukweni ya mwaka 2025<ref>https://en.volleyballworld.com/beachvolleyball/competitions/beach-volleyball-olympic-games-paris-2024/news/22-year-old-ahman-hellvig-storm-to-olympic-gold</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2001]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uswidi]] 78jgihecnasu3ae8n0ecjos8i72harl 0 256969 1614238 2026-11-06T10:00:02Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Princess Talita Natasha von Fürstenberg'''<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Donaldson|first=Becky|date=May 5, 2020|title=Talita von Furstenberg on dropping her Princess title and life as fashion royalty|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/hfm/2020050588867/talita-von-furstenberg-interview-about-life-growing-up/|magazine=Hello!|access-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref>(amezaliwa [[7 Mei]], [[1999]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Talita von Furstenberg''', n...' 1614238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Princess Talita Natasha von Fürstenberg'''<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Donaldson|first=Becky|date=May 5, 2020|title=Talita von Furstenberg on dropping her Princess title and life as fashion royalty|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/hfm/2020050588867/talita-von-furstenberg-interview-about-life-growing-up/|magazine=Hello!|access-date=November 8, 2020}}</ref>(amezaliwa [[7 Mei]], [[1999]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Talita von Furstenberg''', ni mtu mashuhuri katika jamii, mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na [[mwanamitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Malle |first1=Chloe |author-link=Chloe Malle |last2=Barsamian |first2=Edward |date=February 16, 2015 |title=Frigid Festivities: Diane von Furstenberg's Post-Show Dinner and Edun's Family-Style Celebration |url=http://www.vogue.com/10984867/diane-von-furstenberg-alexa-chung-edun-parties-fashion-week/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219110644/http://www.vogue.com/10984867/diane-von-furstenberg-alexa-chung-edun-parties-fashion-week |archivedate=February 19, 2015 |accessdate=April 30, 2016 |website=Vogue |language=English}}</ref>Yeye ni mjukuu wa wabunifu wa mitindo Diane von Fürstenberg na Prince Egon von Fürstenberg, na kwa kuzaliwa ni mwanachama wa Familia ya Kifalme ya Fürstenberg, familia ya kale ya kifahari ya [[Swabia]] nchini [[Ujerumani]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1999|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 85z63zypowbs9epkmxohlqh18rk7t0s 0 256970 1614239 2026-11-06T10:03:51Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Nina Björk.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Nina Björk, Swedish journalist and author.]] '''Nina Björk''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[18 Mei]] [[1967]] mjini [[Östersund]], katika eneo la [[Jämtlands län|Jämtland]], nchini [[Uswidi]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa masuala ya [[ufeministi]] kutoka Uswidi. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake cha ufeministi Under det rosa täcket (Chini ya Blanketi la Waridi), kilichoandikwa mwaka 1996. Anajulikana...' 1614239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Nina Björk.jpg|thumb|A portrait of Nina Björk, Swedish journalist and author.]] '''Nina Björk''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[18 Mei]] [[1967]] mjini [[Östersund]], katika eneo la [[Jämtlands län|Jämtland]], nchini [[Uswidi]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa masuala ya [[ufeministi]] kutoka Uswidi. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake cha ufeministi Under det rosa täcket (Chini ya Blanketi la Waridi), kilichoandikwa mwaka 1996. Anajulikana pia kwa uchambuzi wake wa fasihi, maandishi yake yaliyochapishwa katika magazeti mbalimbali na shughuli zake za kisiasa<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20051102093016/http://www.gp.se/gp/jsp/Crosslink.jsp?d=119</ref>. Björk amekuwa akipinga nadharia ya queer kwa mtazamo wa uyakinifu (materialism). Mwaka 2018, alisema kuwa haelewi maana ya kile ambacho watu waliobadili jinsia wanamaanisha, na alihoji uhalali wa dhana ya utambulisho wa kijinsia. Mara kadhaa ameeleza kuwa kujitambulisha kwa jinsia binafsi na kubadilika kwa maana ya jinsia ni tishio kwa ufeministi. Wachambuzi wa Uswidi wamemwelezea kuwa sehemu ya mkondo wa ufeministi unaotilia shaka masuala yanayohusu watu waliobadili jinsia. Mwaka 2025, alishiriki katika uzinduzi wa shirika la Uswidi lililoitwa Rättssäker, ambalo linalenga kuweka vikwazo katika huduma za afya kwa watu waliobadili jinsia. Björk anachukuliwa kuwa mfuasi wa ufeministi wa mrengo wa kushoto unaosisitiza usawa wa haki na fursa kati ya wanawake na wanaume (equity feminism). Mwaka 2008, alipata shahada ya uzamivu (PhD) katika uchambuzi wa fasihi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Gothenburg]]. Tasnifu yake ya uzamivu iliitwa Fria Själar. Pia anajulikana kama mwandishi wa safu za maoni katika gazeti la Dagens Nyheter. Mwaka 2021, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Lenin ya Uswidi. == Maisha binafsi == Nina Björk ana mume na watoto wawili ambao tayari ni watu wazima<ref>https://www.leninpriset.se/prisutdelning/kajsa-ekis-ekmans-speech-to-nina-bjork/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1967]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uswidi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Uswidi]] 9yvfyk5tni27iyk35ztjq6mgjy9s32l 0 256971 1614240 2026-11-06T10:07:55Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julie Haus-Alkire''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1973]] kwa jina la '''Julie Ann Hoeinghaus''') ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Amebuni mavazi kwa ajili ya chapa yake ya Julie Haus na mkusanyiko wa mavazi ya wabunifu wa [[wanawake]] Haus Alkire. Mwaka 2018, aliingizwa katika Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA).<ref>{{cite web|last=Iredale |first=Jessica |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/cfda-names-14-new-members-120292166...' 1614240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julie Haus-Alkire''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1973]] kwa jina la '''Julie Ann Hoeinghaus''') ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Amebuni mavazi kwa ajili ya chapa yake ya Julie Haus na mkusanyiko wa mavazi ya wabunifu wa [[wanawake]] Haus Alkire. Mwaka 2018, aliingizwa katika Council of Fashion Designers of America (CFDA).<ref>{{cite web|last=Iredale |first=Jessica |url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/cfda-names-14-new-members-1202921665/ |title=CFDA Names 14 New Members |publisher=WWD.com |date=2018-12-05 |access-date=2019-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/julie-haus-alkire/ |title= Designers: Julie Haus-Alkire |publisher= [[Fashion Model Directory]] (FMD)}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1973|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 5itora6zig37cl6y1tf5xk7z66wxpoi 0 256972 1614241 2026-11-06T10:09:23Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emma Helga Maria Brihall''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[24 Julai]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye amekuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Uswidi (Riksdag) tangu mwaka 2026. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Centre (Centre Party) katika Manispaa ya [[Jönköping]], nchini Uswidi<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-och-partier/ledamot/emma-brihall_d3c14c78-bca9-4563-97e6-c89a21cbf325/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997...' 1614241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emma Helga Maria Brihall''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[24 Julai]] [[1997]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] ambaye amekuwa mbunge wa [[Bunge]] la Uswidi (Riksdag) tangu mwaka 2026. Yeye ni mwenyekiti wa Chama cha Centre (Centre Party) katika Manispaa ya [[Jönköping]], nchini Uswidi<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-och-partier/ledamot/emma-brihall_d3c14c78-bca9-4563-97e6-c89a21cbf325/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]] n1esaelv55d7913jipxcpusnn3hqd7f 0 256973 1614243 2026-11-06T10:12:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marcy Harriell''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa maonyesho yake katika Broadway theatre, ambapo aliigiza katika tamthilia za muziki zilizoshinda tuzo ya Tony Award, yaani ''In the Heights'' na ''Rent (musical)'', na kwa kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha mitindo ''Re'' kwenye Craftsy ya TN Marketing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1996/legit/reviews/west-side-story-4-1200444347/|title=West Side...' 1614243 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marcy Harriell''' ni [[mwigizaji]], [[mwimbaji]] na mwandishi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa maonyesho yake katika Broadway theatre, ambapo aliigiza katika tamthilia za muziki zilizoshinda tuzo ya Tony Award, yaani ''In the Heights'' na ''Rent (musical)'', na kwa kuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha mitindo ''Re'' kwenye Craftsy ya TN Marketing.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1996/legit/reviews/west-side-story-4-1200444347/|title=West Side Story|first1=Alan|last1=Rich|date=25 January 1996|website=Variety.com|accessdate=29 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/rent-rubin-vega-moves-out-harriell-moves-in-com-69935|title=Rent: Rubin-Vega Moves Out, Harriell Moves In|first=David|last=Lefkowitz|date=1 April 1997|website=Playbill.com|accessdate=29 March 2019}}</ref><ref name=ibdb>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/marcy-harriell-82907|title=Marcy Harriell – Broadway Cast & Staff - IBDB|website=www.ibdb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/new-girl-in-the-heights-harriell-will-step-into-vanessas-high-heels-com-154952|title=New Girl In the Heights: Harriell Will Step Into Vanessa's High Heels|first=Kenneth|last=Jones|date=6 November 2008|website=Playbill.com|accessdate=29 March 2019}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] bsptwqf83gr44t37ya7lxwdticg7g55 0 256974 1614244 2026-11-06T10:14:01Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:Gudrun Brunegård2.jpg|thumb|Mbunge wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag)]] '''Gudrun Brunegård''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1957]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] anayewakilisha Chama cha Christian Democrats (Christian Democrats)<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-och-partier/ledamot/gudrun-brunegard_aecfc5a6-954f-41b7-8593-998f1c446e1b/</ref>. Aliwahi kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag), akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Kaunti ya Kalmar. Al...' 1614244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Gudrun Brunegård2.jpg|thumb|Mbunge wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag)]] '''Gudrun Brunegård''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1957]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] anayewakilisha Chama cha Christian Democrats (Christian Democrats)<ref>https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/ledamoter-och-partier/ledamot/gudrun-brunegard_aecfc5a6-954f-41b7-8593-998f1c446e1b/</ref>. Aliwahi kuwa mbunge wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag), akiwakilisha jimbo la uchaguzi la Kaunti ya Kalmar. Alichaguliwa tena kuwa mbunge katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Uswidi wa mwaka 2022<ref>https://www.dagensvimmerby.se/nyheter/politik/e/39111/brunegard-gor-sin-forsta-dag-i-riksdagen-kandes-ouppnaeligt/</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]] 6a69vqx6bzqsabq48u4vd7s1ltyv0of 0 256975 1614245 2026-11-06T10:16:12Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Helen Roberta Speller''' (pia aliyejulikana kama '''Holly Harp''') ([[24 Oktoba]], [[1939]] – [[24 Aprili]], [[1995]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] wa [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[Los Angeles]], aliyejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wenye mvuto wa nyakati zilizopita na mtindo uliokumbusha enzi za [[hippie]].<ref name="MET">{{cite web |title=Holly Harp {{!}} Evening dress {{!}} American |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/83516#:~:text=...' 1614245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Helen Roberta Speller''' (pia aliyejulikana kama '''Holly Harp''') ([[24 Oktoba]], [[1939]] – [[24 Aprili]], [[1995]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] wa [[Marekani]] mwenye makao yake [[Los Angeles]], aliyejulikana kwa ubunifu wake wenye mvuto wa nyakati zilizopita na mtindo uliokumbusha enzi za [[hippie]].<ref name="MET">{{cite web |title=Holly Harp {{!}} Evening dress {{!}} American |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/83516#:~:text=Holly%20Harp%20was%20a%20designer,integral%20qualities%20of%20the%20fabrics. |website=The Metropolitan Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYT">{{cite news |last1=Jr |first1=Robert Mcg Thomas |title=Holly Harp, Fashion Designer Inspired by Hippies, Was 55 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/30/obituaries/holly-harp-fashion-designer-inspired-by-hippies-was-55.html |work=The New York Times |date=30 April 1995}}</ref><ref name="FMD">{{cite web |title=Holly Harp - Fashion Designer {{!}} Designers {{!}} The FMD |url=https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/holly-harp/ |website=The FMD - FashionModelDirectory.com |publisher=Fashion Model Directory}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1939|1995}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] b67qmvsr4pxd93qe60kqtub9f1nu5nf 0 256976 1614246 2026-11-06T10:19:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Mary Alice Haney''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Mary Alice Haney alikulia [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]], alisoma katika Parsons School of Design jijini [[Paris]] huku akifanya kazi na jarida la ''Harper's Bazaar'', na kupata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa (MFA) katika masomo ya filamu kutoka American Film Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ig-haney-20131201-story.html|title = L.A...' 1614246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Alice Haney''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. ==Maisha ya awali== Mary Alice Haney alikulia [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]], alisoma katika Parsons School of Design jijini [[Paris]] huku akifanya kazi na jarida la ''Harper's Bazaar'', na kupata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa (MFA) katika masomo ya filamu kutoka American Film Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/fashion/alltherage/la-ig-haney-20131201-story.html|title = L.A. Stylist and society maven Mary Alice Haney draws her inspiration from Hollywood past and present| website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date = 27 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/designer-mary-alice-haney-explains-882601|title = Designer Mary Alice Haney Explains Why L.A. Is Her Biggest Muse| website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date = 12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/designer-mary-alice-haney-explains-882601|title = Designer Mary Alice Haney Explains Why L.A. Is Her Biggest Muse| website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date = 12 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wwd.com/markets-news/ready-to-wear-sportswear/haney-fall-2016-social-media-campaign-10341337/|title = Haney Pushes for Growth Via Social Media Campaign|date = 8 February 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 8t8g0b7hbe2smaoexknzocykzo3mcoc 0 256977 1614247 2026-11-06T10:20:23Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:OIF 09 Carlstrand Linus 260609 OIF-IFKV 3-0 191307 2895 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Linus Carlstrand''']] '''Linus Casper Carlstrand''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[31 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] anayecheza katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji wa kati katika klabu ya AIK<ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/carlstrand-linus/pIeIJzoE/</ref>. Yeye ni mtoto wa aliyekuwa mchezaji wa soka Lars-Gunnar Carlstrand. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu...' 1614247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:OIF 09 Carlstrand Linus 260609 OIF-IFKV 3-0 191307 2895 (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Linus Carlstrand''']] '''Linus Casper Carlstrand''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[31 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] anayecheza katika nafasi ya mshambuliaji wa kati katika klabu ya AIK<ref>https://www.soccerway.com/player/carlstrand-linus/pIeIJzoE/</ref>. Yeye ni mtoto wa aliyekuwa mchezaji wa soka Lars-Gunnar Carlstrand. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Uswidi]] cxmpptxupke66nzvip92xp7texgaibg 0 256978 1614248 2026-11-06T10:23:04Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kikka Hanazawa''' (amezaliwa [[26 Oktoba]], [[1970]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] wa kijamii na kiongozi wa shirika lisilo la faida anayejikita katika kuleta matokeo chanya kwa jamii, ujasiriamali wa wanawake na uendelevu katika ulimwengu wa mitindo. Kikka ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Yabbey, maktaba ya kidijitali ya mitindo, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Fashion Girls for Humanity, shirika lisilo la faida lililoshinda tuzo.<ref name="Uno Chiyo">{...' 1614248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kikka Hanazawa''' (amezaliwa [[26 Oktoba]], [[1970]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] wa kijamii na kiongozi wa shirika lisilo la faida anayejikita katika kuleta matokeo chanya kwa jamii, ujasiriamali wa wanawake na uendelevu katika ulimwengu wa mitindo. Kikka ni mwanzilishi mwenza na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Yabbey, maktaba ya kidijitali ya mitindo, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa Fashion Girls for Humanity, shirika lisilo la faida lililoshinda tuzo.<ref name="Uno Chiyo">{{cite web|title=The Sound of the Wind: The Life and Works of Uno Chiyo|url=http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/p-1374-9780824814090.aspx|work=[[University of Hawaii Press]]|date=May 1992}}</ref><ref name="Nikkei">{{cite web|title=「ファッションで社会に貢献する」Overview|url=https://style.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO88509070V20C15A6TY5000|work=Nikkei|date=June 28, 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1970|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 93n3phcrcmqreeyhz0n96w4oibwaz12 0 256979 1614250 2026-11-06T10:26:09Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[Faili:M.Ekeblad 1.jpg|thumb|'''Matilda Ekeblad''']] '''Matilda Ekeblad''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[21 Aprili]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] aliyechaguliwa kuwa [[mbunge]] wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag) mwaka 2026. Kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Vijana wa Chama cha Moderate (Moderate Youth League)<ref>https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/ost/petades-som-muf-ordforande-nu-siktar-matilda-m-pa-riksdagen</ref>....' 1614250 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:M.Ekeblad 1.jpg|thumb|'''Matilda Ekeblad''']] '''Matilda Ekeblad''' (aliyezaliwa tarehe [[21 Aprili]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Uswidi]] aliyechaguliwa kuwa [[mbunge]] wa Bunge la Uswidi (Riksdag) mwaka 2026. Kuanzia mwaka 2020 hadi 2022, alihudumu kama mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Vijana wa Chama cha Moderate (Moderate Youth League)<ref>https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/ost/petades-som-muf-ordforande-nu-siktar-matilda-m-pa-riksdagen</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uswidi]] 8b0zsg3axjdb3u8odyufadhhh1mep13 0 256980 1614251 2026-11-06T10:26:40Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Julia Haart''' (amezaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1971]]), ambaye awali alijulikana kama '''Yulia Leibov''', '''Julia Leibov''', '''Talia Leibov''', na '''Talia Hendler''',<ref name="brazen">{{cite book |last=Haart |first=Julia |author-link= |date= April 12, 2022|title=Brazen: My Unorthodox Journey from Long Sleeves to Lingerie |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/670348/brazen-by-julia-haart/ |location= |publisher=Crown |page= |isbn=978-0593239162}}<...' 1614251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Julia Haart''' (amezaliwa [[11 Aprili]], [[1971]]), ambaye awali alijulikana kama '''Yulia Leibov''', '''Julia Leibov''', '''Talia Leibov''', na '''Talia Hendler''',<ref name="brazen">{{cite book |last=Haart |first=Julia |author-link= |date= April 12, 2022|title=Brazen: My Unorthodox Journey from Long Sleeves to Lingerie |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/670348/brazen-by-julia-haart/ |location= |publisher=Crown |page= |isbn=978-0593239162}}</ref> ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]], mjasiriamali na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa Body by Julia, chapa ya [[mavazi]] ya ndani ya kubana mwili (shapewear) inayokubali na kuthamini maumbo mbalimbali ya miili na inayotumia teknolojia ya kisasa.<ref name="oprahdaily.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-11-08 |title=Julia Haart's Latest Venture Is a Shapewear Line |url=https://www.oprahdaily.com/style/a38161622/julia-haarts-size-inclusive-shapewear-line-is-designed-to-be-shown-off/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Oprah Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=Julia Haart Relaunches Her Shapewear Line for a Very Personal Reason: "For My Entire Life, My Body Wasn't My Own" |url=https://www.newbeauty.com/julia-haart-shapewear-line/ |access-date=2024-03-02 |website=NewBeauty |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] sl75jveynctxanbnx0d32wfq8dkms0c 0 256981 1614252 2026-11-06T10:31:52Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:C. G. Gunther's Sons, New York, Fifth Avenue, Furs since 1820, advertisement (1891).jpg|thumb]]'''Gunther Jaeckel''' alikuwa [[fundi]] wa kutengeneza na kushona bidhaa za manyoya ya wanyama (furrier) kutoka [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake jijini [[New York]]. Mwaka 1949, kampuni mbili za zamani zilizobobea katika bidhaa za manyoya, Gunther & Sons Inc. na Jaeckel Inc., ziliungana na kuunda Gunther Jaeckel ili kupanua aina ya bidhaa zao na kujumuisha...' 1614252 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:C. G. Gunther's Sons, New York, Fifth Avenue, Furs since 1820, advertisement (1891).jpg|thumb]]'''Gunther Jaeckel''' alikuwa [[fundi]] wa kutengeneza na kushona bidhaa za manyoya ya wanyama (furrier) kutoka [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake jijini [[New York]]. Mwaka 1949, kampuni mbili za zamani zilizobobea katika bidhaa za manyoya, Gunther & Sons Inc. na Jaeckel Inc., ziliungana na kuunda Gunther Jaeckel ili kupanua aina ya bidhaa zao na kujumuisha magauni na suti za [[wanawake]], pamoja na bidhaa za manyoya.<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=The Great Fashion Designers|author1=Polan, B.|author2=Tredre, R.|date=2009|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic|isbn=9781847882271|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H5oadQtleT4C&pg=PA61|page=61|accessdate=2015-07-08}}</ref><ref name="vintagefashionguild">{{cite web|url=http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/adrian/|title=Vintage Fashion Guild : Fashion History : Adrian|publisher=vintagefashionguild.org|accessdate=2015-07-08}}</ref><ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/15/opinion/l-where-are-the-stores-of-new-york-in-1955-086592.html|title=Where Are the Stores Of New York in 1955? - NYTimes.com|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=15 February 1992|accessdate=2015-07-08}}</ref><ref name="wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://playingintheworldgame.wordpress.com/tag/gunther-jaeckel/|title=Gunther-Jaeckel &#124; Playing in the World Game|date=27 October 2012 |publisher=playingintheworldgame.wordpress.com|accessdate=2015-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapersnid=888&dat=19700119&id=DUtSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1XsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5637,7541255|title = Google News| date=26 June 2023 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] a0u27e6c2xx5z2t0g5orqhg2q9eso5t 0 256982 1614253 2026-11-06T10:53:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Shoshanna Lonstein Gruss''' (amezaliwa [[29 Mei]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], na mwanzilishi pamoja na mkurugenzi wa ubunifu wa chapa ya mitindo ya Shoshanna, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1998.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=Shoshanna Gruss {{!}} Movies and Filmography |url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/shoshanna-gruss-an785279/filmography |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AllMovie |language=en |archive-date=Ju...' 1614253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shoshanna Lonstein Gruss''' (amezaliwa [[29 Mei]], [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] na mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], na mwanzilishi pamoja na mkurugenzi wa ubunifu wa chapa ya mitindo ya Shoshanna, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 1998.<ref name="about">{{Cite web |title=Shoshanna Gruss {{!}} Movies and Filmography |url=https://www.allmovie.com/artist/shoshanna-gruss-an785279/filmography |access-date=2025-05-31 |website=AllMovie |language=en |archive-date=June 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604163906/https://www.allmovie.com/artist/shoshanna-gruss-an785279/filmography |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Forbes">{{cite web | last=Moore | first=Kristina | title=Designer Spotlight: Shoshanna Designs Fit EveryBody | website=Forbes | date=2016-06-02 | url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesstylefile/2016/06/02/designer-spotlight-shoshanna-designs-fit-everybody/ | access-date=2025-01-06 | archive-date=January 6, 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106182336/https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesstylefile/2016/06/02/designer-spotlight-shoshanna-designs-fit-everybody/ | url-status=live }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nylw6gmifeacaapqw7tkhc80ko87red 0 256983 1614254 2026-11-06T10:56:43Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lynda Grose''' ni mbunifu, [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] anayejulikana kwa kazi yake ya upainia katika usanifu wa mitindo endelevu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.textileartscouncil.org/fashion-and-sustainability/|title=Fashion and Sustainability: Design for Change|website=Textile Arts Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.textileartscouncil.org/fashion-and-sustainability/|title=Sustainable Design |publisher=Textile Arts Council, Fine Arts Museum...' 1614254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lynda Grose''' ni mbunifu, [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] anayejulikana kwa kazi yake ya upainia katika usanifu wa mitindo endelevu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.textileartscouncil.org/fashion-and-sustainability/|title=Fashion and Sustainability: Design for Change|website=Textile Arts Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.textileartscouncil.org/fashion-and-sustainability/|title=Sustainable Design |publisher=Textile Arts Council, Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco|language=en-US|access-date=2017-03-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/13/news/patterns-070193.html|title=Patterns|last=Spindler|first=Amy M.|date=April 13, 1993|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=2023-07-14 |page=B9}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 7uy0sa5jkovnr3ckymkti15f1m1fhs2 0 256984 1614255 2026-11-06T11:00:54Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Odessa Warren Grey''' ([[13 Agosti]], [[1883]] – [[28 Aprili]], [[1960]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[kofia]], mjasiriamali na [[mwigizaji]] katika Harlem, [[New York]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa nyota wa filamu ya filamu zisizo na sauti, ''Lime Kiln Field Day'' (1913), ambamo aliigiza pamoja na Bert Williams.<ref>Mather, Frank Lincoln. "Grey, Odessa Warren." [https://books.google.com/books?id=RFZ2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA123&ci=37%2C983%2C437%2C374 ''Who's Who o...' 1614255 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Odessa Warren Grey''' ([[13 Agosti]], [[1883]] – [[28 Aprili]], [[1960]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[kofia]], mjasiriamali na [[mwigizaji]] katika Harlem, [[New York]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuwa nyota wa filamu ya filamu zisizo na sauti, ''Lime Kiln Field Day'' (1913), ambamo aliigiza pamoja na Bert Williams.<ref>Mather, Frank Lincoln. "Grey, Odessa Warren." [https://books.google.com/books?id=RFZ2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA123&ci=37%2C983%2C437%2C374 ''Who's Who of the Colored Race: A General Biographical Dictionary of Men and Women of African Descent'']. Vol. 1. Chicago: F.L. Mather, 1915. p. 123.</ref><ref>1900 Federal Census for Borough of Manhattan (New York County Enumeration District 720, Sheet 3-A, Lines 20-24 [223 West 40th Street])</ref><ref>''New York Dramatic Mirror'', September 9, 1899, p. 4</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-standard-union-the-policy-players/128214059/ |title='The Policy Players' |publication-place=Brooklyn, New York |newspaper=[[The Standard Union]] |page=3 |date=20 March 1900 |access-date=2023-07-14 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1883|1960}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] ih5un6k0x1hakwi8aavyi6cvaktmvp5 0 256985 1614256 2026-11-06T11:05:38Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gogo Graham''' (amezaliwa [[1991]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye hubuni mavazi yaliyokusudiwa mahususi kwa ajili ya [[wanawake]] waliobadili jinsia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Canjemanaden |first=Jessica |date=2019 |title=Gogo Graham's clubland clothing is a love letter to her trans sisterhood |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/beauty/article/45567/1/gogo-grahams-clubland-clothing-is-a-love-letter-to-her-trans-sisterhood |acc...' 1614256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gogo Graham''' (amezaliwa [[1991]]) ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye hubuni mavazi yaliyokusudiwa mahususi kwa ajili ya [[wanawake]] waliobadili jinsia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Canjemanaden |first=Jessica |date=2019 |title=Gogo Graham's clubland clothing is a love letter to her trans sisterhood |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/beauty/article/45567/1/gogo-grahams-clubland-clothing-is-a-love-letter-to-her-trans-sisterhood |access-date=2019-08-09 |work=Dazed Digital}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=To My Trans Sisters|last=Craggs|first=Charlie|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|year=2018|location=Philadelphia|pages=123}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] dpn2nbchj98dsps26t485g4gkyx8767 0 256986 1614257 2026-11-06T11:08:59Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jenny Gordy''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mtengenezaji wa ruwaza za [[nguo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake [[Portland, Oregon]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mmiliki wa Wiksten, kampuni inayotengeneza ruwaza za kushonea na kusokotolea kwa sindano.<ref name="NBC2011">{{cite news |title=One to Watch: Wiksten |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/local/thread-one-to-watch-wiksten/1918987/ |accessdate=24 January 2020 |work=NBC New York |date=24 May 2011}}</r...' 1614257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jenny Gordy''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na mtengenezaji wa ruwaza za [[nguo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake [[Portland, Oregon]]. Anajulikana zaidi kama mmiliki wa Wiksten, kampuni inayotengeneza ruwaza za kushonea na kusokotolea kwa sindano.<ref name="NBC2011">{{cite news |title=One to Watch: Wiksten |url=https://www.nbcnewyork.com/local/thread-one-to-watch-wiksten/1918987/ |accessdate=24 January 2020 |work=NBC New York |date=24 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Stively">{{cite web |last1=Stively |first1=Meg |title=Inside the Wiksten Studio |url=https://www.seamwork.com/issues/2018/12/inside-the-wiksten-studio |publisher=Seamwork Magazine |accessdate=24 January 2020 |date=December 2018}}</ref><ref name="Wiksten About">{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://shopwiksten.com/pages/about-us |website=Wiksten |accessdate=24 January 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] nch9cy5pppglqdyqgujkafhwgq5jv68 0 256987 1614259 2026-11-06T11:12:36Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dolores Consuelo Barcelo Gonzales''' ([[6 Juni]], [[1907]] – [[1994]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya Meksiko na uraia wa [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake [[Tucson, Arizona]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuchanganya mila za mavazi ya Wenyeji wa Amerika na za Meksiko ili kubuni magauni ya kipekee ya mtindo wa [[Kusini]]-[[Magharibi]] ya Marekani, yanayovaliwa wakati wa mapumziko na likizo (resort wear), yaliyojulikana kama magauni ya fiesta (a...' 1614259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dolores Consuelo Barcelo Gonzales''' ([[6 Juni]], [[1907]] – [[1994]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] mwenye asili ya Meksiko na uraia wa [[Marekani]], mwenye makao yake [[Tucson, Arizona]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuchanganya mila za mavazi ya Wenyeji wa Amerika na za Meksiko ili kubuni magauni ya kipekee ya mtindo wa [[Kusini]]-[[Magharibi]] ya Marekani, yanayovaliwa wakati wa mapumziko na likizo (resort wear), yaliyojulikana kama magauni ya fiesta (ambayo pia yalijulikana kwa majina mengine, yakiwemo jina la dharau la squaw).<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16627186/arizona_daily_star/|title='Dolores' Dresses Typify Southwest|date=1952-10-01|work=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-17|pages=41|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16626885/arizona_daily_star/|title='Dior of the Desert'|last=Henry|first=Bonnie|date=1995-02-23|work=Arizona Daily Star|access-date=2018-01-17|pages=29|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1907|1994}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 00cax6xp5twxb4lcr8fnrdia2dzzem2 0 256988 1614260 2026-11-06T11:15:57Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lori Goldstein''' ni mtaalamu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], mhariri,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Goldstein Won't Be A Train Wreck For Your Viewing Pleasure|url=http://www.style.com/stylefile/2009/09/lori-goldstein-wont-be-a-train-wreck-for-your-viewing-pleasure/|publisher=Style|accessdate=31 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Zee|first1=Joe|title=LEGENDARY STYLIST (AND ELLE FASHION EDITOR-AT-LARGE) LORI GOLDSTEIN ON THE STORIES BEHIND THE PICT...' 1614260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lori Goldstein''' ni mtaalamu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]], mhariri,<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Goldstein Won't Be A Train Wreck For Your Viewing Pleasure|url=http://www.style.com/stylefile/2009/09/lori-goldstein-wont-be-a-train-wreck-for-your-viewing-pleasure/|publisher=Style|accessdate=31 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Zee|first1=Joe|title=LEGENDARY STYLIST (AND ELLE FASHION EDITOR-AT-LARGE) LORI GOLDSTEIN ON THE STORIES BEHIND THE PICTURES|date=23 November 2013 |url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/spotlight/lori-goldstein-interview|publisher=Elle|accessdate=31 August 2014}}</ref> mbunifu wa bidhaa za chapa ya LOGO by Lori Goldstein kwa ajili ya [[QVC]], na mwandishi wa kitabu ''Lori Goldstein: Style Is Instinct''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lori Goldstein Profile|url=http://models.com/people/lori-goldstein|website=models.com|accessdate=15 July 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] piu19v7fhhy78tzdnnwjhu5u8i7ajza 0 256989 1614261 2026-11-06T11:18:36Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kym Gold''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na bidhaa za nyumbani, pamoja na mtendaji mkuu wa kampuni, kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa za Bella Dahl, Hippie Jeans, Babakul na Style Union Home, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa chapa ya jeans za wabunifu iitwayo True Religion.<ref name="skinny">{{cite web|last1=Evarts-Bosstick |first1=Lauryn |date=11 October 2015|title=Talking With the Co-Founder of True Religion: Kym Gold|url=https://www.theskinny...' 1614261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kym Gold''' ni mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] na bidhaa za nyumbani, pamoja na mtendaji mkuu wa kampuni, kutoka [[Marekani]]. Yeye ndiye mwanzilishi wa chapa za Bella Dahl, Hippie Jeans, Babakul na Style Union Home, na mwanzilishi mwenza wa chapa ya jeans za wabunifu iitwayo True Religion.<ref name="skinny">{{cite web|last1=Evarts-Bosstick |first1=Lauryn |date=11 October 2015|title=Talking With the Co-Founder of True Religion: Kym Gold|url=https://www.theskinnyconfidential.com/talking-with-the-co-founder-of-true-religion-kym-gold/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2023-07-14|website=The Skinny Confidential}}</ref><ref name="Goldbio">{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Kym |title=Gold Standard : How To Rock The World And Run An Empire |date=2015 |publisher=[[Skyhorse Publishing]]|location=New York, NY |isbn=9781634501286}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kym Gold Explains How She Started True Religion, Then Sold It for $835 Million |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/video/312574 |website=Entrepreneur|date=27 April 2018 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] fhuomoo338cuesqg672z2eg96pd2mrd 0 256990 1614262 2026-11-06T11:20:01Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Preston Withers Farrar''' (1805 au [[1806]] – 7 Machi [[1850]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Whig (Whig Party) na alihudumu kama Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Louisiana]] kuanzia mwaka 1848 hadi alipofariki mwaka 1850. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa mabunge yote mawili ya jimbo la Mississippi<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=54RYAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref>. == Wasifu == Far...' 1614262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Preston Withers Farrar''' (1805 au [[1806]] – 7 Machi [[1850]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Whig (Whig Party) na alihudumu kama Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Louisiana]] kuanzia mwaka 1848 hadi alipofariki mwaka 1850. Pia aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa mabunge yote mawili ya jimbo la Mississippi<ref>https://books.google.co.tz/books?id=54RYAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y</ref>. == Wasifu == Farrar alizaliwa mwaka 1805 au 1806 mjini [[Lexington, Kentucky|Lexington, Kentucky,]] nchini Marekani. Alikuwa na kaka aliyeitwa Daniel Foster Farrar, aliyefariki mwaka 1841. Alihitimu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Transylvania. Mwaka 1827, Farrar alihamia katika jimbo la Mississippi, ambako alianza kufanya kazi ya uwakili mjini Woodville. Mwezi Machi 1833, alimuoa Eliza Scott, binti pekee wa Abram M. Scott, aliyekuwa gavana wa [[Mississippi]]<ref>https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_History_of_Mississippi/UPExAQAAMAAJ</ref>. Baada ya kifo cha Abram Scott mwaka 1837, Farrar na mkewe walichukua usimamizi wa zaidi ya nusu ya shamba lake pamoja na watu waliokuwa watumwa katika Parokia ya Rapides, Louisiana. Mwaka 1838, waliweka rehani mali hiyo pamoja na watu 43 waliokuwa watumwa ili kupata mkopo wa dola za Marekani 29,000. Farrar alitumia fedha hizo kulipa deni la dola 24,443 alilokuwa anadaiwa na kampuni moja iliyokuwa [[New Orleans]]. Farrar na mkewe walishindwa kurejesha sehemu kubwa ya mkopo huo wa dola 29,000, hali iliyosababisha benki kutishia kuchukua shamba hilo kwa njia ya kisheria ili kufidia deni. Farrar alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Whig. Katika vikao vya mwaka 1836 na 1837, aliwakilisha Kaunti ya Wilkinson katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Mississippi. Kuanzia mwaka 1838 hadi 1841, aliwakilisha kaunti hiyo katika Seneti ya Jimbo la Mississippi. Mwaka 1839, baada ya kupata hasara kutokana na shughuli za benki, Farrar alihamia New Orleans, Louisiana. Mwaka 1847, Farrar alikuwa miongoni mwa wajumbe wa kwanza wa bodi ya Chuo Kikuu cha Louisiana, ambacho baadaye kilijulikana kama Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Katika mwaka huo huo, alihudumu kama Spika wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana. Alichaguliwa tena kuwa Spika katika vikao vya mwaka 1848 na 1850. Katika kipindi cha mwaka 1850, makao makuu ya serikali ya Louisiana yalihamishwa kutoka New Orleans kwenda Baton Rouge. Farrar alifariki tarehe 7 Machi 1850, akiwa na umri wa miaka 44, mjini Baton Rouge, Louisiana. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1806]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1850]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] 93zecvsntj6wo9floouo28ayas9lu90 0 256991 1614263 2026-11-06T11:26:15Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sophie Gimbel''' ([[1898]] – [[28 Novemba]], [[1981]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] katika Salon Moderne ya Saks Fifth Avenue. Alikuwa mbunifu mashuhuri kwa karibu miaka 40 na mbunifu mbunifu wa mtindo wa "New Look", ambao ulipata umaarufu baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref name=NYTSopObit>{{Cite news|last= Nemy |first= Enid |authorlink= |title= Sophie Gimbel, Leading American Designer for 40 Years, Dies at 83|newspaper=Th...' 1614263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sophie Gimbel''' ([[1898]] – [[28 Novemba]], [[1981]]) alikuwa mbunifu wa [[mitindo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] katika Salon Moderne ya Saks Fifth Avenue. Alikuwa mbunifu mashuhuri kwa karibu miaka 40 na mbunifu mbunifu wa mtindo wa "New Look", ambao ulipata umaarufu baada ya Vita vya Pili vya Dunia.<ref name=NYTSopObit>{{Cite news|last= Nemy |first= Enid |authorlink= |title= Sophie Gimbel, Leading American Designer for 40 Years, Dies at 83|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 29, 1981 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/11/29/obituaries/sophie-gimbel-leading-american-designer-for-40-years-dies-at-83.html |page=44 |accessdate=2023-07-14}}</ref><ref name=PBDN>{{Cite web|last=Donnelly |first= Shannon |authorlink= |title= Former president of local Red Cross dies at 92 - Jay H. Rossbach had spent his career in retailing, including 30 years at Saks Fifth Avenue.|work=[[Palm Beach Daily News]]|date=February 18, 2014 |url=http://www.palmbeachdailynews.com/lifestyles/former-president-local-red-cross-dies/ls1K7MtPpnPfdMcLO7cVzL/ |accessdate=}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1898|1981}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] cz9igrhlqpmzwqzavr9xexrmj4fzx7g 0 256992 1614265 2026-11-06T11:29:26Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Diane Gilman''' ni mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mtu mashuhuri katika televisheni ya kituo cha ununuzi kupitia televisheni Home Shopping Network,<ref name="FWD 2014">Eddie Roche (June 2014), [http://fashionweekdaily.com/meet-hsns-jean-queen-diane-gilman/ "Meet Diane Gilman, HSN's 'Jean Queen'"], Fashionweekdaily.com</ref>ambapo anajulikana kwa jina la utani la "Malkia wa Jeans" ("Jean Queen").<ref name="fashinvest13">[http://www.fashinves...' 1614265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Gilman''' ni mbunifu wa [[mavazi]] kutoka [[Marekani]] na mtu mashuhuri katika televisheni ya kituo cha ununuzi kupitia televisheni Home Shopping Network,<ref name="FWD 2014">Eddie Roche (June 2014), [http://fashionweekdaily.com/meet-hsns-jean-queen-diane-gilman/ "Meet Diane Gilman, HSN's 'Jean Queen'"], Fashionweekdaily.com</ref>ambapo anajulikana kwa jina la utani la "Malkia wa Jeans" ("Jean Queen").<ref name="fashinvest13">[http://www.fashinvest.com/designer-diane-gilman-receives-fashinvest-designer-award-3rd-annual-capital-conference/ "Designer Diane Gilman Receives Fashinvest Designer Award 3rd Annual Capital Conference"], FashInvest, December 12, 2012.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wwd.com/markets-news/denim/its-in-the-jeans-gilman-celebrates-20-years-on-hsn-7719001|title=It's in the Jeans: Diane Gilman Celebrates 20 Years on HSN|author=Sharon Edelson|work=WWD|date=9 June 2014 |access-date=28 October 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 8aukglk46xkuwaqc0m367rpbtkbjcj4 0 256993 1614272 2026-11-06T11:50:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Utilisateur:Fiston bamela/Brouillon5]] hadi [[Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia]]: Misspelled title 1614272 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Patrick Valançio Asumani Madropia]] 4rmy7vwgdk21rd9eawme1qpohnxpjtz 0 256994 1614274 2026-11-06T11:52:39Z Merci Kahubangwa 72758 Created by translating the page "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/241076346|Prisca Luanda Kamala]]" 1614274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}}'''Prisca Luanda Kamala''' ni mwanasiasa wa Kongo ( [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ). Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri wa [[Malezi|elimu]] wa mkoa [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|wa Kivu Kaskazini]] mnamo Agosti 20, 2019, kisha akahudumu chini ya hali ya kuzingirwa kama mshauri mkuu wa gavana wa kijeshi wa Kivu Kaskazini, haswa akisimamia elimu, [[afya]] na masuala ya kijamii.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|last=mediacongo.net|title=Actualité {{!}} Nord-Kivu : le gouvernement provincial connu ! {{!}} mediacongo.net|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-55552_nord_kivu_le_gouvernement_provincial_connu.html|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> <ref name="Rédaction2023-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=La|last=Rédaction|title=Nord-Kivu : voici la nouvelle composition du cabinet du gouverneur militaire intérimaire|url=https://infos.cd/actualite/politique/nord-kivu-voici-la-nouvelle-composition-du-cabinet-du-gouverneur-militaire-interimaire/34632/|date=2023-11-13|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=kivu7|title=Nord-Kivu : Prisca Luanda à Bweremana pour comprendre les défis auxquels la population est confrontée|url=https://kivu7.net/nord-kivu-prisca-luanda-a-bweremana-pour-comprendre-les-defis-auxquels-la-population-est-confrontee/|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> (kisha akahudumu chini ya hali ya kuzingirwa kama mshauri mkuu wa gavana wa kijeshi wa Kivu Kaskazini, haswa akisimamia elimu) == Wasifu == Prisca Luanda Kamala alisoma masomo yake ya chuo kikuu katika Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Mkoa wa Maziwa Makuu (ULPGL) huko Goma, katika Kitivo cha Sheria, ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili. ; utangulizi wa kazi yake unamwakilisha kama "Mwalimu Prisca Luanda Kamala".<ref name="blessingpublishers2020-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|last=blessingpublishers|title=Du nouveau regime de la responsabilité civile pour fait du véhicule automoteur en droit congolais : by LUANDA KAMALA Prisca – Blessing Publishers|url=https://blessingpublishers.com/?book=du-nouveau-regime-de-la-responsabilite-civile-pour-fait-du-vehicule-automoteur-en-droit-congolais|date=2020-04-20|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == === Waziri wa Elimu wa Mkoa kuanzia 2019 === Mnamo Agosti 20, 2019, Gavana Carly Nzanzu Kasivita alitangaza hadharani muundo wa serikali yake ya mkoa (mawaziri kumi na makamishna wakuu wanne). Prisca Luanda Kamala ameteuliwa kuwa waziri wa elimu, posta na mawasiliano ya simu wa mkoa, akianzisha teknolojia mpya za habari, michezo na burudani. Pamoja na waziri mwingine, yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake wawili kwenye timu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : 10 ministres et 4 commissaires au gouvernement provincial|url=https://www.radiomoto.net/2019/08/21/nord-kivu-10-ministres-et-de-4-commissaires-au-gouvernement-provincial/|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> ( Kikuu Huria cha Mkoa wa Maziwa Makuu (ULPGL) huko Goma, katika Kitivo cha Sheria, ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili. ; utangulizi wa kazi yake unamwakilisha kama "Mwalimu Prisca Luanda Kamala) Mnamo februari 17, 2021, aliongoza mkutano huko [[Goma]] kuhusu tatizo la walimu bandia katika eneo la elimu la Kivu Kaskazini 3, ambalo limeelezewa (kuripotiwa) tangu 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en|last=FAAPA|title=Les problèmes des fictifs de la zone éducationnelle Nord-Kivu 3 discutés au Ministère de l’éducation à Goma – FAAPA FR|url=http://www.faapa.info/blog/les-problemes-des-fictifs-de-la-zone-educationnelle-nord-kivu-3-discutes-au-ministere-de-leducation-a-goma/|accessdate=2026-11-06|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20210225214607/http://www.faapa.info/blog/les-problemes-des-fictifs-de-la-zone-educationnelle-nord-kivu-3-discutes-au-ministere-de-leducation-a-goma/|archivedate=2021-02-25}}</ref> (utangulizi wa kazi yake unamwakilisha kama "Mwalimu Prisca Luanda Kamala) Mnamo Novemba 13, 2023, muundo mpya wa baraza la mawaziri la gavana wa kijeshi wa mpito wa Kivu Kaskazini ulichapishwa. Prisca Luanda Kamala anasalia kuwa mshauri mkuu kwingineko yake inashughulikia mawasiliano na vyombo vya habari, elimu, afya, machapisho na mawasiliano ya simu, ustawi wa kazi na jamii, masuala ya kijamii na kibinadamu, jinsia, familia na watoto, vijana na sanaa, michezo na burudani.<ref name="Rédaction2023-1" /> (utangulizi wa kazi yake unamwakilisha kama "Mwalimu Prisca Luanda Kamala) Mnamo Oktoba 3, 2024, huko Goma, alizungumza kama mshauri mkuu wa gavana wa kijeshi ( Peter Cirimwami ) katika sherehe na mawakala na watendaji wa Kitengo cha Masuala ya Jamii cha Mkoa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : des agents et cadres des Affaires sociales invités à travailler pour population|url=https://acp.cd/genre/nord-kivu-des-agents-et-cadres-des-affaires-sociales-invites-a-travailler-pour-population/|date=2024-10-03|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> Mei 2026 : Anaonyesha, kama mshauri wa afya wa gavana, kwamba maiti inaweza kushughulikiwa tu kwa idhini ya mamlaka ya afya yenye uwezo, ndani ya mfumo wa marufuku ya kuzunguka na mwili ulioamuliwa na gavana wa kijeshi ( Evariste Kakule Somo ) ili kupunguza kuenea kwa [[Ebola|ugonjwa wa virusi vya Ebola]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-05-21 |title=Afrique: Ebola - Interdiction de circuler avec un corps sans vie pour freiner la propagation au Nord-Kivu |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202605210358.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Julai 6, 2026 : wakati wa ufunguzi wa kituo cha pili cha matibabu ya Ebola katika jimbo hilo, katika hospitali kuu huko [[Beni (mji)|Beni (jijini)]], alizungumza kwa niaba ya mamlaka ya jimbo ( Africanews ilimtaja kama waziri wa afya wa jimbo).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=AfricaNews |title=RDC : un deuxième centre de traitement d'Ebola ouvre dans le Nord-Kivu {{!}} Africanews |url=https://fr.africanews.com/2026/07/06/ebola-un-deuxieme-centre-de-traitement-ouvre-dans-le-nord-kivu/ |journal=Africanews |language=fr |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20261015103307/https://fr.africanews.com/2026/07/06/ebola-un-deuxieme-centre-de-traitement-ouvre-dans-le-nord-kivu/ |archive-date=2026-10-15 |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Julai 16, 2026 : huko [[Butembo]], anatoa wito kwa wakuu wa vituo vya afya vya kibinafsi kuheshimu viwango vinavyohusiana na Ebola.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-07-27 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ebola à Butembo - Les structures sanitaires privées appelées au respect strict des normes |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202607270142.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Oktoba 16, 2026 : aliongoza uzinduzi wa kampeni ya chanjo dhidi ya ugonjwa wa virusi vya Ebola (aina ya Bundibugyo) huko Kivu Kaskazini huko Beni, ili kuwalinda wafanyakazi wa afya, mbele ya mwakilishi wa [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : lancement à Beni de la campagne de vaccination contre Ebola pour protéger le personnel soignant|url=https://www.radiomoto.net/2026/10/17/nord-kivu-lancement-a-beni-de-la-campagne-de-vaccination-contre-ebola-pour-proteger-le-personnel-soignant/|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> == Chapisho == Kuhusu mfumo mpya wa dhima ya kiraia kwa matukio ya magari katika sheria ya Kongo (iliyowasilishwa kama kazi yake ya kwanza ya kisayansi katika uwanja wa sheria) ; imerejelewa kwenye tovuti ya Blessing Publishers).<ref name="blessingpublishers2020-1" /> == Vidokezo na marejeleo == <references /> {{Lango|politique|République démocratique du Congo|femmes}} [[Jamii:Goma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] n5le625etk06zfq1c130o3dox1onwcb 1614276 1614274 2026-11-06T11:55:11Z Merci Kahubangwa 72758 kusawanyisha 1614276 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Prisca Luanda Kamala''' ni mwanasiasa wa Kongo ( [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] ). Aliteuliwa kuwa waziri wa [[Malezi|elimu]] wa mkoa [[Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini|wa Kivu Kaskazini]] mnamo Agosti 20, 2019, kisha akahudumu chini ya hali ya kuzingirwa kama mshauri mkuu wa gavana wa kijeshi wa Kivu Kaskazini, haswa akisimamia elimu, [[afya]] na masuala ya kijamii.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr|last=mediacongo.net|title=Actualité {{!}} Nord-Kivu : le gouvernement provincial connu ! {{!}} mediacongo.net|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-55552_nord_kivu_le_gouvernement_provincial_connu.html|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> <ref name="Rédaction2023-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|first=La|last=Rédaction|title=Nord-Kivu : voici la nouvelle composition du cabinet du gouverneur militaire intérimaire|url=https://infos.cd/actualite/politique/nord-kivu-voici-la-nouvelle-composition-du-cabinet-du-gouverneur-militaire-interimaire/34632/|date=2023-11-13|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|last=kivu7|title=Nord-Kivu : Prisca Luanda à Bweremana pour comprendre les défis auxquels la population est confrontée|url=https://kivu7.net/nord-kivu-prisca-luanda-a-bweremana-pour-comprendre-les-defis-auxquels-la-population-est-confrontee/|date=2024-12-27|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> == Wasifu == Prisca Luanda Kamala alisoma masomo yake ya chuo kikuu katika Chuo Kikuu Huria cha Mkoa wa Maziwa Makuu (ULPGL) huko Goma, katika Kitivo cha Sheria, ambapo alipata shahada ya uzamili. ; utangulizi wa kazi yake unamwakilisha kama "Mwalimu Prisca Luanda Kamala".<ref name="blessingpublishers2020-1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=en-US|last=blessingpublishers|title=Du nouveau regime de la responsabilité civile pour fait du véhicule automoteur en droit congolais : by LUANDA KAMALA Prisca – Blessing Publishers|url=https://blessingpublishers.com/?book=du-nouveau-regime-de-la-responsabilite-civile-pour-fait-du-vehicule-automoteur-en-droit-congolais|date=2020-04-20|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> == Kazi ya kisiasa == === Waziri wa Elimu wa Mkoa kuanzia 2019 === Mnamo Agosti 20, 2019, Gavana Carly Nzanzu Kasivita alitangaza hadharani muundo wa serikali yake ya mkoa (mawaziri kumi na makamishna wakuu wanne). Prisca Luanda Kamala ameteuliwa kuwa waziri wa elimu, posta na mawasiliano ya simu wa mkoa, akianzisha teknolojia mpya za habari, michezo na burudani. Pamoja na waziri mwingine, yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake wawili kwenye timu.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : 10 ministres et 4 commissaires au gouvernement provincial|url=https://www.radiomoto.net/2019/08/21/nord-kivu-10-ministres-et-de-4-commissaires-au-gouvernement-provincial/|date=2019-09-20|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> Mnamo februari 17, 2021, aliongoza mkutano huko [[Goma]] kuhusu tatizo la walimu bandia katika eneo la elimu la Kivu Kaskazini 3, ambalo limeelezewa (kuripotiwa) tangu 2009.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=en|last=FAAPA|title=Les problèmes des fictifs de la zone éducationnelle Nord-Kivu 3 discutés au Ministère de l’éducation à Goma – FAAPA FR|url=http://www.faapa.info/blog/les-problemes-des-fictifs-de-la-zone-educationnelle-nord-kivu-3-discutes-au-ministere-de-leducation-a-goma/|accessdate=2026-11-06|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20210225214607/http://www.faapa.info/blog/les-problemes-des-fictifs-de-la-zone-educationnelle-nord-kivu-3-discutes-au-ministere-de-leducation-a-goma/|archivedate=2021-02-25}}</ref> Mnamo Novemba 13, 2023, muundo mpya wa baraza la mawaziri la gavana wa kijeshi wa mpito wa Kivu Kaskazini ulichapishwa. Prisca Luanda Kamala anasalia kuwa mshauri mkuu kwingineko yake inashughulikia mawasiliano na vyombo vya habari, elimu, afya, machapisho na mawasiliano ya simu, ustawi wa kazi na jamii, masuala ya kijamii na kibinadamu, jinsia, familia na watoto, vijana na sanaa, michezo na burudani.<ref name="Rédaction2023-1" /> Mnamo Oktoba 3, 2024, huko Goma, alizungumza kama mshauri mkuu wa gavana wa kijeshi ( Peter Cirimwami ) katika sherehe na mawakala na watendaji wa Kitengo cha Masuala ya Jamii cha Mkoa.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : des agents et cadres des Affaires sociales invités à travailler pour population|url=https://acp.cd/genre/nord-kivu-des-agents-et-cadres-des-affaires-sociales-invites-a-travailler-pour-population/|date=2024-10-03|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> Mei 2026 : Anaonyesha, kama mshauri wa afya wa gavana, kwamba maiti inaweza kushughulikiwa tu kwa idhini ya mamlaka ya afya yenye uwezo, ndani ya mfumo wa marufuku ya kuzunguka na mwili ulioamuliwa na gavana wa kijeshi ( Evariste Kakule Somo ) ili kupunguza kuenea kwa [[Ebola|ugonjwa wa virusi vya Ebola]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-05-21 |title=Afrique: Ebola - Interdiction de circuler avec un corps sans vie pour freiner la propagation au Nord-Kivu |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202605210358.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Julai 6, 2026 : wakati wa ufunguzi wa kituo cha pili cha matibabu ya Ebola katika jimbo hilo, katika hospitali kuu huko [[Beni (mji)|Beni (jijini)]], alizungumza kwa niaba ya mamlaka ya jimbo ( Africanews ilimtaja kama waziri wa afya wa jimbo).<ref>{{Rejea jarida |last=AfricaNews |title=RDC : un deuxième centre de traitement d'Ebola ouvre dans le Nord-Kivu {{!}} Africanews |url=https://fr.africanews.com/2026/07/06/ebola-un-deuxieme-centre-de-traitement-ouvre-dans-le-nord-kivu/ |journal=Africanews |language=fr |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20261015103307/https://fr.africanews.com/2026/07/06/ebola-un-deuxieme-centre-de-traitement-ouvre-dans-le-nord-kivu/ |archive-date=2026-10-15 |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Julai 16, 2026 : huko [[Butembo]], anatoa wito kwa wakuu wa vituo vya afya vya kibinafsi kuheshimu viwango vinavyohusiana na Ebola.<ref>{{Rejea jarida |date=2026-07-27 |title=Congo-Kinshasa: Ebola à Butembo - Les structures sanitaires privées appelées au respect strict des normes |url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/202607270142.html |journal=Radio Okapi |language=fr |access-date=2026-11-06}}</ref> Oktoba 16, 2026 : aliongoza uzinduzi wa kampeni ya chanjo dhidi ya ugonjwa wa virusi vya Ebola (aina ya Bundibugyo) huko Kivu Kaskazini huko Beni, ili kuwalinda wafanyakazi wa afya, mbele ya mwakilishi wa [[Shirika la Afya Duniani]] (WHO).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=fr-FR|title=Nord-Kivu : lancement à Beni de la campagne de vaccination contre Ebola pour protéger le personnel soignant|url=https://www.radiomoto.net/2026/10/17/nord-kivu-lancement-a-beni-de-la-campagne-de-vaccination-contre-ebola-pour-proteger-le-personnel-soignant/|accessdate=2026-11-06}}</ref> == Chapisho == Kuhusu mfumo mpya wa dhima ya kiraia kwa matukio ya magari katika sheria ya Kongo (iliyowasilishwa kama kazi yake ya kwanza ya kisayansi katika uwanja wa sheria) ; imerejelewa kwenye tovuti ya Blessing Publishers).<ref name="blessingpublishers2020-1" /> == Vidokezo na marejeleo == <references /> {{Lango|politique|République démocratique du Congo|femmes}} [[Jamii:Goma]] [[Jamii:Mkoa wa Kivu Kaskazini]] [[Jamii:Pages with unreviewed translations]] i2idjqgidilrzllxvfovap924omlout