Wikipediýa tkwiki https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9F_Sahypa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Media Ýörite Çekişme Ulanyjy Ulanyjy çekişme Wikipediýa Wikipediýa çekişme Faýl Faýl çekişme MediaWiki MediaWiki çekişme Şablon Şablon çekişme Ýardam Ýardam çekişme Kategoriýa Kategoriýa çekişme TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2079 269742 265137 2026-06-29T21:58:43Z Kxeon 24980 269742 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faýl:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|right|frameless|upright=2]] '''Iňlis dili''' (English, the English language): [[Angliýa]]­nyň we [[Beýik Britaniýa]]­nyň res­mi di­li, [[ABŞ]]-nyň [[ABŞ düzümindäki ştatlar|otuz bir şta­ty­]]<nowiki/>nyň res­mi di­li, [[Irlandiýa]]­nyň, [[Kanada]]­nyň we [[Malta (döwlet)|Malta]]­nyň res­mi iki di­li­niň bi­ri, [[Awstraliýa]]­nyň we [[Täze Zelandiýa]]­nyň res­mi di­li. Ol Azi­ýa­nyň kä­bir döw­let­in­de ([[Hindistan]], [[Päkistan]] we beý­le­ki­ler) res­mi dil hök­mün­de ula­nyl­ýar. Hin­di-­ýew­ro­pa dil­ler maş­ga­la­sy­nyň ger­man di­li­ne de­giş­li­. Ene di­li hök­mün­de ula­ny­jy­la­ryň sa­ny 410 mil­lio­na go­laý, ikin­ji di­li hök­mün­de gür­le­ýän­ler hem 1 mil­liard tö­we­re­gi. [[BMG]]-niň al­ty res­mi we iş dil­le­ri­niň bi­ri. Şu diliň lek­si­ka­sy­nyň 70 gö­te­ri­mi alyn­ma söz­ler­dendir. Ýa­zu­wy la­tyn elip­biý­si­niň esa­syn­da VII asyr­dan bä­ri do­wam edip gel­ýär. Dürs ýa­zu­wyn­da dä­be öw­rü­len ýa­zuw esa­sy orun eýe­le­ýär. {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="26" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" |'''[[Uly harplar]]''' |- | width="3%" align="center" |[[A]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[B]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[C]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[D]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[E]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[F]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[G]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[H]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[I]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[J]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[K]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[L]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[M]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[N]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[O]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[P]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Q]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[R]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[S]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[T]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[U]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[V]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[W]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[X]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Y]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Z]] |- | colspan="26" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" |'''[[Kiçi harplar]]''' |- | align="center" |a|| align="center" |b|| align="center" |c|| align="center" |d|| align="center" |e|| align="center" |f|| align="center" |g|| align="center" |h|| align="center" |i|| align="center" |j|| align="center" |k|| align="center" |l|| align="center" |m|| align="center" |n|| align="center" |o|| align="center" |p|| align="center" |q|| align="center" |r|| align="center" |s|| align="center" |t|| align="center" |u|| align="center" |v|| align="center" |w|| align="center" |x|| align="center" |y|| align="center" |z |} == Dürs ýazuwy == Iň­lis di­li­niň dürs ýa­zu­wyny hin­di­-ýew­ro­pa dil­ler maş­ga­la­sy­nyň ara­syn­da öw­ren­me­si iň kyny ha­sap­lan­ýar. Ol ir­ki Gal­ky­nyş döw­rü­niň iň­lis di­li­ni şöh­le­len­di­rip, hä­zir­ki bri­ta­ni­ýa­ly­la­ryň, ame­ri­ka­ly­la­ryň, awst­ra­li­ýa­ly­la­ryň we beý­le­ki di­li ula­ny­jy­la­ryň gep­le­şik di­li­ne bü­tin­leý ga­bat gel­me­ýär. Söz­le­riň hem­me­si di­ýen ýa­ly baş­ga­ça ýa­zy­lyp, oka­lan­da aý­dyl­ma­ýar. Şu­nuň ýa­ly “oka­ma­gyň düz­gü­ni” ka­da­ny boz­ma­gyň ýo­ka­ry gö­te­ri­mi bi­len çäk­len­di­ri­len bo­lup, nä­hi­li hem bol­sa ha­ky­ky ma­ny­sy­na tä­sir ýe­tir­ýär. Bu dili öwrenýänleriň her bi­ri tä­ze sö­züň ýa­zy­ly­şy­ny we oka­ly­şy­ny öw­ren­me­li bol­ýar­lar. Şo­nuň üçin söz­lük­ler­de her bir sö­züň ýa­zy­ly­şy­nyň usu­ly­ny gör­kez­mek düz­güne giripdir. == Taryhy == Häzirki zaman iňlis diliniň düýbüni tutanlar – german taýpalary angllar,sakslar we ýutlar bolup,V asyryň ortalarynda [[Britan adalary]]<nowiki/>na göçüp gelipdirler.Şu döwürde olaryň dilleri nemes we frisleriňkä ýakyn bolupdyr we ol özüniň soňky ösüşinde,beýleki german dillerinden arasyny açypdyr.Gadymy iňlis dili bolan,anglo-sakson dili (köp sanly barlag geçirijiler gadymy iňlis dili hasaplaýarlar) az özgerişlere sezewar bolupdyr.Iňlis dili ýüzýyllyklaryň dowamynda Ýerde iň köp ulanylýan dilleriň biri.Oňa Beýik Britaniýanyň alyp baran syýasaty,esasan hem Demirgazyk Amerikada we Awstraliýada alyp baran syýasatlary ýardam edipdir.Ikinji Jahan urşundan soňra iňlis diliniň ähmiýeti has artdy.Häzirki wagtda döwürleýin we döwürleýin däl neşirler,telewideniýe,kino,radio,kitaphana fondlary,iňlis Internet sektory we beýleki çeşmelerden ybarat iňlis dilindäki maglumatlar giňişligine,möçberine we mazmunyna görä deňsiz taýsyz.Inlis dilinde ägirt uly möçberde çeper we ylmy-tehniki edebiýatlar ýazylan.Tehniki,tehnologik,patent resminamalary,ylmy eserler köplenç iňlis dilinde ýazylyp,soňra beýleki dillere terjime edilipdir.Bularyň ählisi iňlis dilini dünýäde aragatnaşygynyň möhüm serişdesine öwürýär. === Ga­dy­my iň­lis dili === Hä­zir­ki za­man iň­lis di­li­niň düý­bü­ni tu­tan­lar – ger­man taý­pa­lary angl­lar, saks­lar we ýut­lar bo­lup, V asy­ryň or­ta­la­ryn­da Bri­tan ada­la­ry­na gö­çüp ge­lip­dir­ler. Şu dö­wür­de ola­ryň dil­le­ri ne­mes we fri­sleriňkä ýa­kyn bo­lup­dyr we ol özü­niň soň­ky ösü­şin­de, beý­le­ki ger­man dil­le­rin­den ara­sy­ny açyp­dyr. Ga­dy­my iň­lis dili bolan, ang­lo–sak­son di­li (köp san­ly bar­lag ge­çi­ri­ji­ler ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li ha­sap­la­ýar­lar) az öz­ge­ri­şe se­ze­war bo­lup­dyr. Angl-saks­lar Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa gö­çüp ge­lip, ýer­li ýa­şaý­jy­lar – kelt­le­re gar­şy gö­reş alyp ba­ryp­dyr­lar. Kelt­ler bi­len bu bag­la­ny­şyk ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­niň gur­lu­şy­na we onuň söz­le­ri­ne tä­sir et­män­dir di­ýen ýa­ly­dyr. Kelt­le­riň ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­ne şeý­le gow­şak tä­si­ri­ni, ang­lo-saks­lar bi­len de­ňeş­di­re­niň­de, kelt me­de­ni­ýe­ti­niň gow­şak bo­lan­ly­gy bi­len tes­wir­le­nýär. Bri­ta­ni­ýa­da rim­li­le­riň tä­si­ri ga­ty uly bolupdyr. La­tyn söz­le­ri ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­ne bir­nä­çe tap­gyr­lar­da gi­rip­dir. Bi­rin­ji­den, la­tyn di­lin­den al­nan söz­le­riň bir bö­le­gi­ni Ýew­ro­pa­nyň de­mir­ga­zyk se­bit­le­ri­niň ger­man dil­li ila­ty ola­ryň he­niz Bri­tan ada­la­ry­na gö­çüp bar­ma­zyn­dan ozal, ka­bul edipdirler. La­tyn söz­le­ri­niň ýe­ne-de bir bö­le­gi hris­ti­an­ly­gyň Britaniýa ara­la­şan döw­rü­ne de­giş­li­dir. === Or­ta asyr iň­lis dili === Iň­lis di­li­niň in­di­ki ösüş tap­gy­ry 1066 ýyl­dan 1485-nji ýyl­la­ra çen­li ara­ly­gy öz içi­ne al­ýar. 1066-njy ýyl­da ga­dy­my nor­man – fran­suz şi­we­sin­de gür­le­ýän nor­man­la­ryň gel­me­gi bi­len iň­lis di­li tä­ze lek­si­ka gat­la­gy­na eýe bo­lup­dyr. Uzak wagt­lap nor­man-fran­suz di­li Ang­li­ýa­da but­ha­na we ýo­ka­ry syn­pyň do­lan­dy­ryş di­li bol­ma­gyn­da gal­ýar. Nor­man - fran­suz di­li 1385-nji ýyl­da ýa­ty­ry­lyp, iň­lis di­li ula­ny­şa gi­ri­zi­lýär. 1483-nji ýyl­da par­la­ment ka­nun­la­ry iň­lis di­lin­de ne­şir edil­mä­ge baş­laýar. Iň­lis di­li­niň esa­sy ger­man di­li bol­sa-da ol öz dü­zü­mi­ne ga­dy­my fran­suz di­li­ni­niň ägirt yly möç­ber­dä­ki söz­le­ri­ni gi­ri­zip­dir we bu ýagdaý dil ga­ry­şyk­ly­gy­na alyp ba­ryp­dyr. Ga­dy­my fran­suz söz­le­ri­niň ara­laş­ma pro­se­si tak­my­nan 1200-nji ýyl­dan tä or­ta asyr iň­lis dili döw­rü­niň ahy­ry­na çen­li do­wam edip­dir. Bu ýag­daý 1250-1400 ýyl­lar ara­ly­gyn­da ýo­ka­ry de­re­jä ba­ryp ýet­ýär. === Tä­ze iň­lis dili döwri === Hä­zir­ki za­man Ang­li­ýa­nyň iň­lis di­li­niň ösüş döw­ri XV asy­ryň ahyr­la­ryn­dan baş­la­ýar. Ki­tap ne­şir et­megiň ös­me­gi we kitaplaryň giň­den ýaý­ra­dyl­ma­gy bi­len ki­tap di­li­niň ka­da­la­ry­nda dur­nuk­laş­ma­ bo­lup geç­ýär we fo­ne­ti­ka we gep­le­şik di­li öz­ge­rip baş­la­ýar. Iň­lis di­lin­de köp san­ly şi­we­ler bar. Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa­da ola­ryň gör­nüş­le­ri Ame­re­ka ga­ra­nyň­da, has köp bo­lup, XX asy­ryň or­ta­la­ry­na çen­li or­ta at­lan­tik (Mid-At­lan­tic) şi­we­si esa­sy ede­bi­ýat ka­da­sy bo­lup­dyr. Iň­lis di­li­ni we beý­le­ki giň­den ýaý­ran dil­le­ri ula­ny­jy­la­ryň ta­kyk sa­ny­ny kes­git­le­mek ýe­ňil däl. Dür­li çeş­me­ler iň­lis di­li­ni ula­nýanlaryň sanyny dün­ýä­de ikin­ji we dör­dün­ji ýe­re çen­li ara­lyk­da goý­ýar­lar. Bi­rin­ji ýe­ri iki es­se ara­ny açyp, hy­taý di­li eýe­le­ýär. Da­şa­ry ýurt di­li hök­mün­de iň­lis di­li­ni bil­ýän­le­riň sa­ny hak­da­ky mag­lu­mat­lar aý­dyň­laş­dy­ryl­ýar. Bu ba­ra­da 600 mil­li­on­dan tä 1,2 mil­li­ar­da çen­li ara­lyk­da­ky san­lar ag­zal­ýar. Iň­lis di­li ýüz­ýyl­lyk­la­ryň do­wa­myn­da Ýer­de iň köp ula­ny­lan dil­le­riň bi­ri. Oňa Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa­nyň alyp ba­ran sy­ýa­sa­ty, esa­san hem De­mir­ga­zyk Ame­ri­kada we Awst­ra­li­ýa­da alyp ba­ran sy­ýa­sa­tlary ýar­dam be­rip­dir. Ikin­ji ja­han ur­şun­dan soň­ra iň­lis di­li­niň äh­mi­ýe­ti has art­dy. Hä­zir­ki wagt­da dö­wür­le­ýin we dö­wür­le­ýin däl ne­şir­ler, te­le­wi­de­ni­ýa, ki­no, ra­dio, ki­tap­ha­na fond­la­ry, iň­lis In­ter­net sek­to­ry we beý­le­ki çeş­me­ler­den yba­rat iň­lis di­lin­dä­ki mag­lu­mat­lar gi­ňiş­li­gine, möç­be­rine we maz­mu­nyna görä, de­ňsiz – ta­ýsyzdyr. Iň­lis di­lin­de ägirt uly möç­ber­de çe­per we yl­my – teh­ni­ki ede­bi­ýat­lar ýa­zy­lan. Teh­ni­ki, teh­no­lo­gik, pa­tent res­mi­na­ma­la­ry, yl­my eser­ler köp­lenç iň­lis di­lin­de ýa­zy­lyp, soň­ra beý­le­ki dil­le­re ter­ji­me edi­lip­dir. Bu­la­ryň äh­li­si iň­lis di­li­ni dün­ýä­de ara­gat­na­şy­gy­nyň mü­hüm se­riş­de­si­ne öwür­ýär. == Daşarky çykgytlar == * [http://photos.state.gov/libraries/turkmenistan/868986/pdf/EnglishTurkmenEnglishDictionary.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308031634/http://photos.state.gov/libraries/turkmenistan/868986/pdf/EnglishTurkmenEnglishDictionary.pdf |date=2014-03-08 }} '''(Türkmen dili-Iňlis dili sözlük)/(English-Turkmen Dictionary)''' * [http://emingharib.persiangig.com/turkmensozluk/01.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421164032/http://emingharib.persiangig.com/turkmensozluk/01.htm |date=2014-04-21 }} '''Iňlis dili-Türkmen dili sözlük''' * [http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php Collection of English bilingual dictionaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301142208/http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php |date=2016-03-01 }} * [http://www.dict.org/ dict.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105173926/http://dict.org/ |date=2009-01-05 }} * [http://www.prefixsuffix.com/ English language word roots, prefixes and suffixes (affixes) dictionary] * [http://www.m-w.com/ Merriam-Webster's online dictionary] * [http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ Macquarie Dictionary Online] {{Bot|Harej}} {{Lang-stub}} [[Kategoriýa:Diller]] [[Kategoriýa:Lingwistika]] [[Kategoriýa:Turizm]] [[Kategoriýa:Syýahat]] [[Kategoriýa:German dilleri]] [[Kategoriýa:Iňlis dili]] gz4vgkfgtw5j0tx4vblzr0afpkkamx4 269743 269742 2026-06-29T21:59:10Z Kxeon 24980 269743 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faýl:Anglospeak (subnational version).svg|right|frameless|upright=2]] '''Iňlis dili''' (Iňlisçe: '''English, the English language'''): [[Angliýa]]­nyň we [[Beýik Britaniýa]]­nyň res­mi di­li, [[ABŞ]]-nyň [[ABŞ düzümindäki ştatlar|otuz bir şta­ty­]]<nowiki/>nyň res­mi di­li, [[Irlandiýa]]­nyň, [[Kanada]]­nyň we [[Malta (döwlet)|Malta]]­nyň res­mi iki di­li­niň bi­ri, [[Awstraliýa]]­nyň we [[Täze Zelandiýa]]­nyň res­mi di­li. Ol Azi­ýa­nyň kä­bir döw­let­in­de ([[Hindistan]], [[Päkistan]] we beý­le­ki­ler) res­mi dil hök­mün­de ula­nyl­ýar. Hin­di-­ýew­ro­pa dil­ler maş­ga­la­sy­nyň ger­man di­li­ne de­giş­li­. Ene di­li hök­mün­de ula­ny­jy­la­ryň sa­ny 410 mil­lio­na go­laý, ikin­ji di­li hök­mün­de gür­le­ýän­ler hem 1 mil­liard tö­we­re­gi. [[BMG]]-niň al­ty res­mi we iş dil­le­ri­niň bi­ri. Şu diliň lek­si­ka­sy­nyň 70 gö­te­ri­mi alyn­ma söz­ler­dendir. Ýa­zu­wy la­tyn elip­biý­si­niň esa­syn­da VII asyr­dan bä­ri do­wam edip gel­ýär. Dürs ýa­zu­wyn­da dä­be öw­rü­len ýa­zuw esa­sy orun eýe­le­ýär. {| class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- | colspan="26" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" |'''[[Uly harplar]]''' |- | width="3%" align="center" |[[A]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[B]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[C]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[D]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[E]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[F]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[G]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[H]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[I]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[J]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[K]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[L]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[M]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[N]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[O]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[P]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Q]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[R]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[S]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[T]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[U]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[V]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[W]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[X]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Y]]|| width="3%" align="center" |[[Z]] |- | colspan="26" bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" |'''[[Kiçi harplar]]''' |- | align="center" |a|| align="center" |b|| align="center" |c|| align="center" |d|| align="center" |e|| align="center" |f|| align="center" |g|| align="center" |h|| align="center" |i|| align="center" |j|| align="center" |k|| align="center" |l|| align="center" |m|| align="center" |n|| align="center" |o|| align="center" |p|| align="center" |q|| align="center" |r|| align="center" |s|| align="center" |t|| align="center" |u|| align="center" |v|| align="center" |w|| align="center" |x|| align="center" |y|| align="center" |z |} == Dürs ýazuwy == Iň­lis di­li­niň dürs ýa­zu­wyny hin­di­-ýew­ro­pa dil­ler maş­ga­la­sy­nyň ara­syn­da öw­ren­me­si iň kyny ha­sap­lan­ýar. Ol ir­ki Gal­ky­nyş döw­rü­niň iň­lis di­li­ni şöh­le­len­di­rip, hä­zir­ki bri­ta­ni­ýa­ly­la­ryň, ame­ri­ka­ly­la­ryň, awst­ra­li­ýa­ly­la­ryň we beý­le­ki di­li ula­ny­jy­la­ryň gep­le­şik di­li­ne bü­tin­leý ga­bat gel­me­ýär. Söz­le­riň hem­me­si di­ýen ýa­ly baş­ga­ça ýa­zy­lyp, oka­lan­da aý­dyl­ma­ýar. Şu­nuň ýa­ly “oka­ma­gyň düz­gü­ni” ka­da­ny boz­ma­gyň ýo­ka­ry gö­te­ri­mi bi­len çäk­len­di­ri­len bo­lup, nä­hi­li hem bol­sa ha­ky­ky ma­ny­sy­na tä­sir ýe­tir­ýär. Bu dili öwrenýänleriň her bi­ri tä­ze sö­züň ýa­zy­ly­şy­ny we oka­ly­şy­ny öw­ren­me­li bol­ýar­lar. Şo­nuň üçin söz­lük­ler­de her bir sö­züň ýa­zy­ly­şy­nyň usu­ly­ny gör­kez­mek düz­güne giripdir. == Taryhy == Häzirki zaman iňlis diliniň düýbüni tutanlar – german taýpalary angllar,sakslar we ýutlar bolup,V asyryň ortalarynda [[Britan adalary]]<nowiki/>na göçüp gelipdirler.Şu döwürde olaryň dilleri nemes we frisleriňkä ýakyn bolupdyr we ol özüniň soňky ösüşinde,beýleki german dillerinden arasyny açypdyr.Gadymy iňlis dili bolan,anglo-sakson dili (köp sanly barlag geçirijiler gadymy iňlis dili hasaplaýarlar) az özgerişlere sezewar bolupdyr.Iňlis dili ýüzýyllyklaryň dowamynda Ýerde iň köp ulanylýan dilleriň biri.Oňa Beýik Britaniýanyň alyp baran syýasaty,esasan hem Demirgazyk Amerikada we Awstraliýada alyp baran syýasatlary ýardam edipdir.Ikinji Jahan urşundan soňra iňlis diliniň ähmiýeti has artdy.Häzirki wagtda döwürleýin we döwürleýin däl neşirler,telewideniýe,kino,radio,kitaphana fondlary,iňlis Internet sektory we beýleki çeşmelerden ybarat iňlis dilindäki maglumatlar giňişligine,möçberine we mazmunyna görä deňsiz taýsyz.Inlis dilinde ägirt uly möçberde çeper we ylmy-tehniki edebiýatlar ýazylan.Tehniki,tehnologik,patent resminamalary,ylmy eserler köplenç iňlis dilinde ýazylyp,soňra beýleki dillere terjime edilipdir.Bularyň ählisi iňlis dilini dünýäde aragatnaşygynyň möhüm serişdesine öwürýär. === Ga­dy­my iň­lis dili === Hä­zir­ki za­man iň­lis di­li­niň düý­bü­ni tu­tan­lar – ger­man taý­pa­lary angl­lar, saks­lar we ýut­lar bo­lup, V asy­ryň or­ta­la­ryn­da Bri­tan ada­la­ry­na gö­çüp ge­lip­dir­ler. Şu dö­wür­de ola­ryň dil­le­ri ne­mes we fri­sleriňkä ýa­kyn bo­lup­dyr we ol özü­niň soň­ky ösü­şin­de, beý­le­ki ger­man dil­le­rin­den ara­sy­ny açyp­dyr. Ga­dy­my iň­lis dili bolan, ang­lo–sak­son di­li (köp san­ly bar­lag ge­çi­ri­ji­ler ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li ha­sap­la­ýar­lar) az öz­ge­ri­şe se­ze­war bo­lup­dyr. Angl-saks­lar Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa gö­çüp ge­lip, ýer­li ýa­şaý­jy­lar – kelt­le­re gar­şy gö­reş alyp ba­ryp­dyr­lar. Kelt­ler bi­len bu bag­la­ny­şyk ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­niň gur­lu­şy­na we onuň söz­le­ri­ne tä­sir et­män­dir di­ýen ýa­ly­dyr. Kelt­le­riň ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­ne şeý­le gow­şak tä­si­ri­ni, ang­lo-saks­lar bi­len de­ňeş­di­re­niň­de, kelt me­de­ni­ýe­ti­niň gow­şak bo­lan­ly­gy bi­len tes­wir­le­nýär. Bri­ta­ni­ýa­da rim­li­le­riň tä­si­ri ga­ty uly bolupdyr. La­tyn söz­le­ri ga­dy­my iň­lis di­li­ne bir­nä­çe tap­gyr­lar­da gi­rip­dir. Bi­rin­ji­den, la­tyn di­lin­den al­nan söz­le­riň bir bö­le­gi­ni Ýew­ro­pa­nyň de­mir­ga­zyk se­bit­le­ri­niň ger­man dil­li ila­ty ola­ryň he­niz Bri­tan ada­la­ry­na gö­çüp bar­ma­zyn­dan ozal, ka­bul edipdirler. La­tyn söz­le­ri­niň ýe­ne-de bir bö­le­gi hris­ti­an­ly­gyň Britaniýa ara­la­şan döw­rü­ne de­giş­li­dir. === Or­ta asyr iň­lis dili === Iň­lis di­li­niň in­di­ki ösüş tap­gy­ry 1066 ýyl­dan 1485-nji ýyl­la­ra çen­li ara­ly­gy öz içi­ne al­ýar. 1066-njy ýyl­da ga­dy­my nor­man – fran­suz şi­we­sin­de gür­le­ýän nor­man­la­ryň gel­me­gi bi­len iň­lis di­li tä­ze lek­si­ka gat­la­gy­na eýe bo­lup­dyr. Uzak wagt­lap nor­man-fran­suz di­li Ang­li­ýa­da but­ha­na we ýo­ka­ry syn­pyň do­lan­dy­ryş di­li bol­ma­gyn­da gal­ýar. Nor­man - fran­suz di­li 1385-nji ýyl­da ýa­ty­ry­lyp, iň­lis di­li ula­ny­şa gi­ri­zi­lýär. 1483-nji ýyl­da par­la­ment ka­nun­la­ry iň­lis di­lin­de ne­şir edil­mä­ge baş­laýar. Iň­lis di­li­niň esa­sy ger­man di­li bol­sa-da ol öz dü­zü­mi­ne ga­dy­my fran­suz di­li­ni­niň ägirt yly möç­ber­dä­ki söz­le­ri­ni gi­ri­zip­dir we bu ýagdaý dil ga­ry­şyk­ly­gy­na alyp ba­ryp­dyr. Ga­dy­my fran­suz söz­le­ri­niň ara­laş­ma pro­se­si tak­my­nan 1200-nji ýyl­dan tä or­ta asyr iň­lis dili döw­rü­niň ahy­ry­na çen­li do­wam edip­dir. Bu ýag­daý 1250-1400 ýyl­lar ara­ly­gyn­da ýo­ka­ry de­re­jä ba­ryp ýet­ýär. === Tä­ze iň­lis dili döwri === Hä­zir­ki za­man Ang­li­ýa­nyň iň­lis di­li­niň ösüş döw­ri XV asy­ryň ahyr­la­ryn­dan baş­la­ýar. Ki­tap ne­şir et­megiň ös­me­gi we kitaplaryň giň­den ýaý­ra­dyl­ma­gy bi­len ki­tap di­li­niň ka­da­la­ry­nda dur­nuk­laş­ma­ bo­lup geç­ýär we fo­ne­ti­ka we gep­le­şik di­li öz­ge­rip baş­la­ýar. Iň­lis di­lin­de köp san­ly şi­we­ler bar. Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa­da ola­ryň gör­nüş­le­ri Ame­re­ka ga­ra­nyň­da, has köp bo­lup, XX asy­ryň or­ta­la­ry­na çen­li or­ta at­lan­tik (Mid-At­lan­tic) şi­we­si esa­sy ede­bi­ýat ka­da­sy bo­lup­dyr. Iň­lis di­li­ni we beý­le­ki giň­den ýaý­ran dil­le­ri ula­ny­jy­la­ryň ta­kyk sa­ny­ny kes­git­le­mek ýe­ňil däl. Dür­li çeş­me­ler iň­lis di­li­ni ula­nýanlaryň sanyny dün­ýä­de ikin­ji we dör­dün­ji ýe­re çen­li ara­lyk­da goý­ýar­lar. Bi­rin­ji ýe­ri iki es­se ara­ny açyp, hy­taý di­li eýe­le­ýär. Da­şa­ry ýurt di­li hök­mün­de iň­lis di­li­ni bil­ýän­le­riň sa­ny hak­da­ky mag­lu­mat­lar aý­dyň­laş­dy­ryl­ýar. Bu ba­ra­da 600 mil­li­on­dan tä 1,2 mil­li­ar­da çen­li ara­lyk­da­ky san­lar ag­zal­ýar. Iň­lis di­li ýüz­ýyl­lyk­la­ryň do­wa­myn­da Ýer­de iň köp ula­ny­lan dil­le­riň bi­ri. Oňa Be­ýik Bri­ta­ni­ýa­nyň alyp ba­ran sy­ýa­sa­ty, esa­san hem De­mir­ga­zyk Ame­ri­kada we Awst­ra­li­ýa­da alyp ba­ran sy­ýa­sa­tlary ýar­dam be­rip­dir. Ikin­ji ja­han ur­şun­dan soň­ra iň­lis di­li­niň äh­mi­ýe­ti has art­dy. Hä­zir­ki wagt­da dö­wür­le­ýin we dö­wür­le­ýin däl ne­şir­ler, te­le­wi­de­ni­ýa, ki­no, ra­dio, ki­tap­ha­na fond­la­ry, iň­lis In­ter­net sek­to­ry we beý­le­ki çeş­me­ler­den yba­rat iň­lis di­lin­dä­ki mag­lu­mat­lar gi­ňiş­li­gine, möç­be­rine we maz­mu­nyna görä, de­ňsiz – ta­ýsyzdyr. Iň­lis di­lin­de ägirt uly möç­ber­de çe­per we yl­my – teh­ni­ki ede­bi­ýat­lar ýa­zy­lan. Teh­ni­ki, teh­no­lo­gik, pa­tent res­mi­na­ma­la­ry, yl­my eser­ler köp­lenç iň­lis di­lin­de ýa­zy­lyp, soň­ra beý­le­ki dil­le­re ter­ji­me edi­lip­dir. Bu­la­ryň äh­li­si iň­lis di­li­ni dün­ýä­de ara­gat­na­şy­gy­nyň mü­hüm se­riş­de­si­ne öwür­ýär. == Daşarky çykgytlar == * [http://photos.state.gov/libraries/turkmenistan/868986/pdf/EnglishTurkmenEnglishDictionary.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140308031634/http://photos.state.gov/libraries/turkmenistan/868986/pdf/EnglishTurkmenEnglishDictionary.pdf |date=2014-03-08 }} '''(Türkmen dili-Iňlis dili sözlük)/(English-Turkmen Dictionary)''' * [http://emingharib.persiangig.com/turkmensozluk/01.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421164032/http://emingharib.persiangig.com/turkmensozluk/01.htm |date=2014-04-21 }} '''Iňlis dili-Türkmen dili sözlük''' * [http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php Collection of English bilingual dictionaries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160301142208/http://dicts.info/dictlist1.php |date=2016-03-01 }} * [http://www.dict.org/ dict.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105173926/http://dict.org/ |date=2009-01-05 }} * [http://www.prefixsuffix.com/ English language word roots, prefixes and suffixes (affixes) dictionary] * [http://www.m-w.com/ Merriam-Webster's online dictionary] * [http://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ Macquarie Dictionary Online] {{Bot|Harej}} {{Lang-stub}} [[Kategoriýa:Diller]] [[Kategoriýa:Lingwistika]] [[Kategoriýa:Turizm]] [[Kategoriýa:Syýahat]] [[Kategoriýa:German dilleri]] [[Kategoriýa:Iňlis dili]] 70ui0dmevcw69257xutfy0i9s9rkiio 0 5092 269744 197334 2026-06-30T00:07:15Z InternetArchiveBot 21623 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 269744 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faýl:Brno (znak).svg|right|thumb|110px|Brno şäheriniň gerbi]] '''Brno''' ([[nemesçe]]:'''Brünn''') [[Çehiýa]]nyň ikinji uly şäheridir. Onuň düýbi 1243-nji ýylda tutulypdyr. [[Faýl:StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg|right|thumb|Augustinian Monastyry, Brno.]] [[Faýl:Petrov (back view).JPG|thumb|Keramatly Peter we Paul kafedraly]] [[Faýl:Špilberk - vnitřní nádvoří.jpg|right|thumb|Špilberk galasynyň howlusy]] [[Faýl:Brno City Center 147.JPG|right|thumb|Şäher merkezindäki Dominikánská köçesi]] [[Faýl:Vila Tugendhat.jpg|right|thumb|Tugendhat willasy]] [[Faýl:Brno, Invex, Výstaviště II.JPG|right|thumb|Brno Sergi Merkezi]] == Howasy we klimaty == Klimat statistikalary: * Ortaça ýyllyk temperatura: +9.4&nbsp;°C/+48.9&nbsp;°F * Absolýut maksimum temperatura: +36.2&nbsp;°C/97.2&nbsp;°F (1952 we 1957) * Absolýut minimum temperatura: -26.4&nbsp;°C/-15.5&nbsp;°F (1920) * Ortaça tomusky temperatura ([[Iýun]]-[[Awgust]]): +17.8&nbsp;°C/+64.0&nbsp;°F * Ortaça gyşky temperatura ([[Dekabr]]-[[Fewral]]): -1.0&nbsp;°C/30.2&nbsp;°F * Ortaça ýyllyk [[ygal]]: 505mm * Ortaça ýyllyk gün şöhlesiniň dowamlylygy: 1771h * Ortaça ýyllyk ygally gün sany: 150 * Iň yssy aý: [[Iýul]] * Iň sowuk aý: [[Ýanwar]] * Häsiýetli şemal: Demirgazyk-günbatar {| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |- style="background: #efefef;" ! Aý!! Ýan !! Few !! Mar !! Apr !! Maý !! Iýn !! Iýl !! Awg !! Sen !! Okt !! Noý !! Dek |- ! Temperatura (°C) | -2.5 || -0.3 || 3.8 || 9.0 || 13.9 || 17.0 || 18.5 || 18.1 || 14.3 || 9.1 || 3.5 || -0.6 |- ! Temperatura (°F) | 27.5 || 31.4 || 38.8 || 48.2 || 57.0 || 62.6 || 65.3 || 64.6 || 57.7 || 48.4 || 38.3 || 30.9 |- ! Ygal(mm) | 24.6 || 23.8 || 24.1 || 31.5 || 61.0 || 72.2 || 63.7 || 56.2 || 37.6 || 30.7 || 37.4 || 27.1 |- ! Gün şöhlesiniň dowamlylygy (sag) | 45.3 || 71.6 || 121.5 || 169.1 || 219.1 || 221.0 || 234.9 || 217.9 || 161.9 || 124.0 || 51.3 || 40.1 |- |} == Salgylanmalar == * [http://www.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en Şäheriň resmi saýty(iňlis dilinde)] * [http://sova.rsh.ru/brno/index.html Brno şäheri barada fotogalereýa (rus dilinde)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204063932/http://sova.rsh.ru/brno/index.html |date=2008-12-04 }} 1ckld0lmeaq44ruhur8bm4l0eob7267 0 14578 269745 269595 2026-06-30T00:27:13Z InternetArchiveBot 21623 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 269745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tmguty | tekst = Bu makala maglumat bilen doly üpjün edilmedik.}} {{Tmguty | tekst = Bu makalanyň üstünde gyssagly işlenmeli.}} {{Infobox kärhana | ady = Google LLC | logo = Google 2015 logo.svg | logo_size = 250px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Googlepleks | image = Googleplex HQ (cropped).jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = Google-yň merkezi Googlepleks | former_name = Google Inc. (1998–2017) | görnüş = kömekçi | industriýa = {{Unbulleted list | Internet | Bulut maglumatlary (Cloud computing) | kompýuter programma üpjünçiligi (Computer software) | kompýuter enjamlary (Computer hardware) | Emeli zehin (Artificial intelligence) | Mahabatlandyryş (Advertising) }} | döredilen_ýyly = {{birth date and age |1998|09|04}}, Menlo Park, Kaliforniýa | esaslandyryjylar = {{Unbulleted list | [[Larry Peýj]] (Larry Page) | [[Sergeý Brin]] }} | hq_şäher_salgysy = Mowunteýn wiýw, Kaliforniýa <br> (Mountain View, California) | hq_ýurt_salgysy = ABŞ | area_served = Bütindünýä | möhüm_adam = {{Unbulleted list | [[Sundar Piçaý]] (CEO) | [[Rus Porat]] (CFO) }} | önümler = [[:en:List of Google products|Google önümleri]] | işgärleriniň_sany = 98,771<!--Ensure this is consistent throughout the entire article, especially the Employees section, whenever updating. Also, try and update each quarter.--> | website = {{URL|https://www.google.com/|google.com}} }} '''Google''' ([[NASDAQ]]: [http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/goog GOOG]), [[Gözleg motory|Internet gözlegi]], [[Bulut maglumatlary|onlaýn maglumat paýlanyşygy]], mahabat tehnologiýalary we gözleg motorlary üçin maýa goýumlar eden halkara Amerikan anonim şereketidir. [[Internet]] dabanly hyzmat we önümler ösdürýär, [[Google#Önümler we hyzmatlar|goşmaça bolup bulara öý eýeçiligi edýär]]. Peýdasynyň uly bölegini [[AdWords]] programmasy arkaly mahabatlardan gazanýar.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151217193016/http://investor.google.com/financial/tables.html "Financal Tables"]. Google Investor Relations. 17 Dekabr 2015 senesinde [http://investor.google.com/financial/tables.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen sene: 25 Fewral 2015.</ref> <ref>Vise, David A. (21 Oktýabr 2005). "Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit". ''The Washington Post''.</ref> Şereket, [[Larry Peýj]] we [[Sergeý Brin]] tarapyndan [[:en:Stanford University|Stanford Uniwersitetinde]] doktorantura okuwlaryny dowam etdirvqn wagtlary gurulandyr. Ikisi, ýygy-ýygydan "Google Guys" hökmünde hem tanalýar.<ref>Ignatius, Adi (12 Fewral 2006). [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html "Meet the Google Guys"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823131911/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1158956,00.html |date=2013-08-23}}. ''Time Magazine''. San Fransisco, CA: Time Inc. Ýetilen taryhy: 27 Mart 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4835250n&tag=mncol;lst;1 The Google Guys]{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}. ''CBS News.com''. CBS Interactive. 12 Mart 2009. Ýetilen taryhy: 27 Mart 2010.</ref><ref>Barrett, Brian (4 Fewral 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150317221454/http://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps "Google Wants to Add Store Interiors to Maps"]. Gizmodo. 17 Mart 2015 taryhynda [http://gizmodo.com/5464532/google-wants-to-add-store-interiors-to-maps çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 27 Mart 2010.</ref> Google, ilkinji bolup, 4 Sentýabr 1998 senesinde hususy şereket hökmünde guruldy we 19 Awgust 2004 senesinde halka hödürlendi. Şereketi halka tanadylýan döwründe Larry Peýj, Sergeý Brin we [[Erik Skmidt]] geljekki ýigrimi ýylyň dowamynda , ýagny 2024-nji ýyla çenli Google-da bile işlemek üçin razylaşdylar.<ref>Lashinsky, Adam (29 Ýanwar 2008). [http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm "Google wins again"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022200031/http://money.cnn.com/2008/01/18/news/companies/google.fortune/index.htm |date=2012-10-22 }}. ''Fortune.com''. Time Warner. Ýetilen taryhy: 22 Ýanwar 2011.</ref> Gurluşyndan şu wagta çenli [[Wezipe (iş)|wezipesi]] "dünýäde maglumaty organizasiýa etmek we muny halkara bolup elýeterli we ulanylyp bilinjek hala getirmekdir."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110426041405/http://www.google.com/corporate/ "Google Corporate Information"]. Google, Inc. 26 Aprel 2011 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/corporate/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 14 Fewral 2010.</ref> Gaýry resmi slogany bolsa, Google inženeri Amit Patel tarapyndan tapylan we [[Paul Buchheit]] tarapyndan goldaw berlen<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/biztech/dont-be-evil/2008/04/15/1208025168177.html?page=3 "Dont't Be Evil or don't lose value?"]. ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. 15 Aprel 2008.</ref> Şereketiň şygary [["Don't be evil"]] (Erbet bolma)-dyr. 2006-njy ýylda, häzir hem şereket merkezi ornunda bolan [[Mountain View]], [[Kaliforniýa]] geçirilendir.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150821150739/http://investor.google.com/conduct.html "Google Code of Conduct"]. Google, Inc. 8 Aprel 2009. 21 Awgust 2015 senesinde [http://investor.google.com/conduct.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 5 Iýul 2010.</ref><ref>Lenssen, Philip (16 Iýul 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150614042243/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html "Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More"]. Google Blogscoped. 14 Iýun 2015 senesinde [http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen senesi: 14 Fewral 2010.</ref> Google-yň bütin dünýäde maglumat merkezlerinde bir milliondan artyk serwerde işleýän,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131005181854/http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html "Pandita Search Engine News – Google: one million servers and couting"]. Pandita Search Engine News. 2 Iýul 2007. 5 Oktýabr 2013 taryhynda [http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 14 Fewral 2010.</ref> bir milliarddan artyk gözleg islegini işleýän<ref>Kuhn, Eric (18 Dekabr 2009). [http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/ "CNN Politics – Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012045324/http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/ |date=2012-10-12}}. CNN. Ýetilen wagty: 14 Fewral 2010.</ref> we ulanyjylary tarapyndan emele getirilen maglumatyň gün başyna ýigirimi dört [[petabaýt]] bolýandygy çak edilýär.<ref>[http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1327452.1327492 "MapReduce"]. Portal.acm.org. Ýetilen taryhy: 16 Awgust 2009.</ref><ref>Czajkowski, Grzegorz (21 Noýabr 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151205074353/https://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html "Sorting 1PB with MapReduce"]. ''Official Google Blog''. Google, Inc. 5 Dekabr 2015 taryhynda [http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2008/11/sorting-1pb-with-mapreduce.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 2 Iýul 2010.</ref><ref>Kennedy, Niall (8 Ýanwar 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928091137/http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html "Google processes over 20 petabytes of data per day"]. ''Niall Kennedy's Weblog''. Niall Kennedy. 28 Sentýabr 2015 taryhynda [http://www.niallkennedy.com/blog/2008/01/google-mapreduce-stats.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 5 Iýul 2010.</ref><ref>Schonfeld, Erick (9 Ýanwar 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150625054110/http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/ "Google Processing 20,000 Terabytes A Day, And Growing"]. ''TechCrunch''. TechCrunch. 25 Iýun 2015 taryhynda [http://techcrunch.com/2008/01/09/google-processing-20000-terabytes-a-day-and-growing/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 16 Fewral 2010.</ref> Gurluşyndan şu güne başa baran ösüş tizligi, şerekediň esas web gözleg motorynyň aňrysynyda önümler, satyn almalar we şäriklikler zynjyrynyň emele gelişini üpjün etdi. Şereket, [[Orkut]], [[Google Buzz]] we [[Google+]] ýaly [[Sosial tor hyzmaty|sosial tor]] gurallary bilen elektron poçta hyzmaty [[Gmail]] hyzmaty ýaly onlaýn hasyllylyk programmalary hödürlemekde, goşmaça bolup, web brauzeri [[Google Chrome]], surat görkezme we gurama programmasy [[Picasa]] we [[mahallyk habarlaşma]] [[Google Talk]] ýaly programmalar bilen iş stoluna çenli uzaýar. Bulardan başga, [[Android]] mobil [[Operasion Sistema|operasion sistemasynyň]] ösdürilmegine ýolbaşçylyk edendir. [[Cr-48]] baş operasion sistemasy bolup hem bilinýän täze [[Google Chrome OS]], 15 Iýun 2011 taryhyndan bäri, [[Samsung Series 5]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151225125204/http://www.samsung.com/us/computer/chromebook/ "Chromebook | All Samsung Google Chromebooks"]. Samsung. 25 Dekabr 2015 taryhynda [http://www.samsung.com/us/computer/chromebook çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 17 Awgust 2011.</ref> we [[Acer AC700]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=http://us.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/ac700-home |url=http://us.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/ac700-home |access-date=2019-06-12 |archive-date=2011-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828194422/http://us.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/ac700-home |dead-url=yes}}</ref> ýaly söwda [[Chromebook]]-larda<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150818022045/http://www.google.com/chromebook/ "Chromebook"]. Google.com. 28 Awgust 2015 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/chromebook çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 17 Awgust 2011.</ref> ulanylýar. [[Alexa]], internetde iň köp zyýarat edilen web saýty bolup ABŞ ünsli "google.com"-y sanawlaýar, [[YouTube]], [[Blogger]], [[Orkut]] ýaly Google-a degişli başga saýtlar we köp sanda halkara Google saýty (google.co.in, google.co.uk we ş.m.) bolsa iň köp zyýarat edilen saýtlaryň arasynda ilkinji ýüzligiň içinde ýer alýandyr.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151226074120/http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com "Alexa Traffic Rank for Google (three month average)"]. [[Alexa Internet]]. 26 Dekabr 2015 taryhynda [http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/google.com çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 6 Sentýabr 2009.</ref> Goşmaça bolup şereket, BrandZ marka bahasy maglumat dabanly sanawda ikinji orunda ýer aldy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140625124917/http://www.millwardbrown.com/libraries/optimor_brandz_files/2011_brandz_top100_chart.sflb.ashx "Top 100 Most Powerful Brands of 2011"]. BrandZ. 2010. 25 Iýun 2014 taryhynda [http://www.millwardbrown.com/libraries/optimor_brandz_files/2011_brandz_top100_chart.sflb.ashx çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 11 Iýul 2011.</ref> Muňa garşy Google, gizlinlik, şertnama haky we sensur ýaly temalarda kritiki teswirler alýar.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6740075.stm "Google ranked 'worst' on privacy"]. BBC News. 11 Iýul 2007. Ýetilen taryhy: 30 Aprel 2010.</ref><ref>Rosen, Jeffrey (30 Noýabr 2008). [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30google-t.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss&pagewanted=all "Google's Gatekeepers"]. ''New York Times''. Ýetilen taryhy: 5 Iýul 2010.</ref> == Taryhy == Google-yň gurulyş prosesi 1996-njy ýylyň Ýanwar aýynda [[Kaliforniýa|Kaliforniýaky]] [[Stanford Uniwersiteti|Stanford Uniwersitetinde]] doktorantura okuwçylary bolan [[Larry Peýj]] we [[Sergeý Brin|Sergeý Briniň]] barlag proýekti bilen başlady.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110520212930/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html "Google Milestones"]. ''Corporate Information''. Google, Inc. 20 Maý 2011 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 28 Sentýabr 2010.</ref> Tradisional gözleg motorlary bilen geçirilen gözleglerde, netijeler; gözlenen sözleriň sahypada näçe gezek görülendigi bilen hatarlanýardy, emma Google saýtlar arasy gatnaşyklaryň analizi babatda has amatly iki sistema teoriýasyny orta goýdy.<ref>Page, Lawrence; Motwani, Rajeev; Winograd, Terry (11 Noýabr 1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150721164042/http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/ "The PageRank Citation Ranking: Bringing Order to the Web"]. Stanford Uniwersiteti. 21 Iýul 2015 taryhynda [http://ilpubs.stanford.edu:8090/422/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 15 Fewral 2010.</ref> Bu täze tehnologiýa [[PageRank]] diýip atlandyryldy, bu sistema görä sahypa hatarlarynyň hakyky saýt bilen bolan baglanyşyk öwrülmelerini belläp; saýtlar, görkezilen gyzyklanma görä hatarlanýardy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110510214225/http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html "Technology Overview"]. ''Corporate Information''. Google, Inc. 10 Maý 2011 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/corporate/tech.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 15 Fewral 2010.</ref><ref>Page, Larry (18 Awgust 1997). [https://web.archive.org/web/20020506051802/http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 "PageRank: Bringing Order to the Web"]. ''Stanford Digital Library Project''. 6 Maý 2002 taryhynda [http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/WP/get/SIDL-WP-1997-0072?1 çeşmesinde] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 27 Noýabr 2010.</ref> Kiçi bir gözleg motory bolan we [[Robin Li]] tarapyndan IDD Tehnologiýa Hyzmatlary adyna ösdürilen "[[RankDex]]", onsuz hem 1996-njy ýyldan bäri saýt derejelenmegi we sahypa hatarlary üçin meňzeş strategiýa ulanýardy.<ref>Li, Yanhong (6 Awgust 2002). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118103932/http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=707687 "Toward a qualitative search engine"]. IEEE Computer Society. s. 24–29. [[San boýunça jisim tanaýjy|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1109/4236.707687 10.1109/4236.707687]. [[Halkara Standart Möhletli Publikasiýa Nomeri|ISSN]] [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1089-7801 1089-7801]. 18 Ýanwar 2012 taryhynda [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrchabstract.jsp?tp=&arnumber=707687 çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 14 Fewral 2010.</ref>RankDex, patentlidi<ref>Li, Yanhong (6 Iýul 1999). "Hypertext document retrieval system and method (patent no: 5920859)". IDD Enterprises, L.P.</ref> we Li-niň Hytaý-da guran [[Baidu]] adyny daşaýan gözleg motory hem bu sistema bilen işleýärdi.<ref>Greenberg, Andy (5 Oktýabr 2009). [http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/1005/technology-baidu-robin-li-man-whos-beating-google_2.html "The Man Who's Beating Google"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922194042/http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/1005/technology-baidu-robin-li-man-whos-beating-google_2.html |date=2009-09-22 }}. ''Forbes Magazine''. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150525015816/http://www.rankdex.com/about.html "About: RankDex"]. RankDex.com. 25 Maý 2015 taryhynda [http://www.rankdex.com/about.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref> Page we Brin täze döreden gözleg motoryna ilkinji nolup "BackRub" adyny goýupdy, sebäbi saýtlar üçin yz baglanyşyklara gözegçilik edilmeginiň ähmiýetiniň uludygyny çak edýärdiler.<ref>Battelle, John (Awgust 2005). [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/battelle.html?tw=wn_tophead_4 "The Birth of Google"]. ''Wired Magazine''. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140301214202/http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html "9 People, Places & Things That Changed Their Names"]. Mental Floss. 1 Mart 2014 taryhynda [http://blogs.static.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/22707.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 20 Dekabr 2009.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19961224105215/http://huron.stanford.edu/ "Backrub search engine at Stanford University"]. 24 Dekabr 1996 taryhynda [http://huron.stanford.edu/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Mart 2011.</ref> Emma has soňra, "googol" sözüniň üstünde özboluşly harp üýtgeşmesi edilip, bu gözleg motory Google diýip atlandyryldy,<ref>Koller, David (2004 Ýanwar). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151103175652/http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html "Origin of the name "Google"]. Stanford Uniwersiteti. 3 Noýabr 2015 taryhynda [http://graphics.stanford.edu/~dk/google_name_origin.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 15 Fewral 2010.</ref><ref>Hanley, Rachael (12 Fewral 2003). [http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ "From Googol to Google"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111017/http://www.stanforddaily.com/2003/02/12/from-googol-to-google/ |date=2011-05-11 }}. ''Stanford Daily''. Stanford Uniwersiteti. Ýetilen taryhy: 15 Fewral 2010.</ref> Google gözleg motory bilen adamlara uly maglumat çeşmesiniň hödürlenýändigi bellemek üçin bu at goýlupdy, sebäbi [[Googol|googol]] on üsti ýüz sanyny aňlatýardy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19990221202430/http://www.google.com/company.html "Google! Beta website"]. Google, Inc. 2 Fewral 1999 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/company.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref> Başlangyçta Google; Stanford Uniwersiteti-niň aşaky-meýdan ady bolup ''google.stanford.edu'' meýdan adyny ulandy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19981111183552/http://google.stanford.edu/ "Google! Search Engine"]. Stanford Uniwersiteti. 12 Noýabr 1998 taryhynda [http://google.stanford.edu/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref> Bu gün ulanýan meýdan ady 1997-njy ýylyň 15 Sentýabrynda işe girizildi<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120520022703/http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com "WHOIS – google.com"]. 20 Maý 2012 taryhynda [http://whois.dnsstuff.com/tools/whois.ch?ip=google.com çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 5 Iýul 2010.</ref> we 1998-nji ýylyň 4 Sentýabrynda Google şereketi resmi bolup guruldy. Şereket merkezi dostlary [[Susan Wojcicki]]-niň<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110520212930/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html "Google Milestones"]. ''Corporate Information''. Google, Inc. 20 Maý 2011 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 28 Sentýabr 2010.</ref> Menlo Park, Kaliforniýa-da ýerleşýän garažy bolup bellendi. Stanford Uniwersiteti-nde lukmana eden okuwçy bolan Craig Silverstein, ilkinji işgär bolup işe alyndy.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110520212930/http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html "Google Milestones"]. ''Corporate Information''. Google, Inc. 20 Maý 2011 taryhynda [http://www.google.com/intl/en/corporate/history.html çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 28 Sentýabr 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991002122809/http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ "Craig Silverstein's website"]. Stanford Uniwersiteti. 2 Oktýabr 1999 taryhynda [http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~csilvers/ çeşmesinden] arhiwlendi. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref><ref>Verne, Kopytoff (7 Sentýabr 2008). [http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-09-07/news/17161124_1_larry-page-google-search-engine "Craig Silverstein grew a decade with Google"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107075029/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Craig-Silverstein-grew-a-decade-with-Google-3270079.php |date=2012-11-07}}. ''San Fransisco Chronicle''. Hearst Communications, Inc. Ýetilen taryhy: 12 Oktýabr 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brin|first=Sergey|author-link=Sergey Brin|last2=Page|first2=Lawrence|author-link2=Larry Page|year=1998|title=The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine|url=http://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/google.pdf|journal=Computer Networks and ISDN Systems|volume=30|issue=1–7|pages=107–117|citeseerx=10.1.1.115.5930|doi=10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Barroso |first=L.A. |last2=Dean |first2=J. |last3=Holzle |first3=U. |date=April 29, 2003 |title=Web search for a planet: the google cluster architecture |journal=IEEE Micro |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=22–28 |doi=10.1109/mm.2003.1196112 |quote=We believe that the best price/performance tradeoff for our applications comes from fashioning a reliable computing infrastructure from clusters of unreliable commodity PCs.|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/8db8e53c92af2f97974707119525aa089f6ed53a}}</ref> Bir ýyl öňki san bolan 931 million tekil zyýaratçy sanyndaky 8,4%-lik bir artyş bilen, 2001-nji ýylyň Maý aýynda; Google-yň tekil zyýaratçy sany ilkinji gezek 1 milliard boldy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |url=http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |access-date=2019-06-13 |archive-date=2011-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921063544/http://itsalltech.com/2011/06/22/googles-new-record-1-billion-visitors-in-may/ |dead-url=yes}}</ref> === Maliýe we ilkinji halk arzy === === Ösüşi === === Satyn almalar we ortaklyklar === == Önümler we hyzmatlar == === Mahabat === === Gözleg motory === === Hasyllylyk gurallary === === Maýa goýum önümleri === === Beýleki önümler === == Gurama temalary we medeniýeti == === Işgärler === === Googlepex === === Pasha ýumurtgalary we 1 Aprel oýunlary === === Kömek işleri === === Tor tarapsyzlygy === === Gizlinlik === === Ýaryşmalar === == Daşarky çykgytlar == * [[google:|'''Google''' baş sahypasy]] * [https://www.blog.google/ '''Google''' resmi blogy] * [http://www.google.com.tr/intl/tr/about.html '''Google hakynda maglumatlar'''] == Salgylanmalar == {{Salgylanmalar|2}} {{Bot|Harej}} {{Tech-stub}}{{nano-ownuk}} [[Kategoriýa:Internet]] hibwq6vwzg82wnbup0gxyql3ib4n9x5