Wikipedia
tlwiki
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina
MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.25
first-letter
Midya
Natatangi
Usapan
Tagagamit
Usapang tagagamit
Wikipedia
Usapang Wikipedia
Talaksan
Usapang talaksan
MediaWiki
Usapang MediaWiki
Padron
Usapang padron
Tulong
Usapang tulong
Kategorya
Usapang kategorya
Portada
Usapang Portada
TimedText
TimedText talk
Module
Module talk
Gadget
Gadget talk
Gadget definition
Gadget definition talk
Berlin
0
11824
1963926
1963751
2022-08-19T14:28:14Z
Ryomaandres
8044
/* Ika-12 hanggang ika-16 na siglo */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement|name=Berlin|subdivision_type=Bansa|subdivision_name=Alemanya|subdivision_type1=[[Landstadt ng Alemanya|Estado]]|subdivision_name1=[[Mga boro at kapitbahayan ng Berlin|Berlin]]|settlement_type=Kabeserang lungsod, [[Landstadt ng Alemanya|Estado]], at [[Mga munisipalidad ng Alemanya|munisipalidad]]|image_skyline={{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Siegessaeule Aussicht 10-13 img4 Tiergarten.jpg
| photo2a = Brandenburger Tor abends.jpg
| photo2b = Berliner Dom, Westfassade, Nacht, 160309, ako.jpg
| photo3a = Schloss Charlottenburg (233558373).jpeg
| photo3b = Berlin_Museumsinsel_Fernsehturm.jpg
| photo4a = Siegessäule-Berlin-Tiergarten.jpg
| photo4b = Hochhäuser am Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, 160606, ako.jpg
| photo5a = Reichstag Berlin Germany.jpg
| color_border = white
| color = white
| spacing = 2
| size = 270
| foot_montage = '''Mula itaas, kaliwa pakanan''': [[Tiergarten, Berlin|Tiergarten]] skyline; [[Tarangkahang Brandeburgo]]; [[Katedral ng Berlin]]; [[Palasyo ng Charlottenburg]]; [[Pulo ng mga Museo]], at [[Toreng Pang-TV ng Berlin]]; [[Haligi ng Tagumpay ng Berlin|Haligi ng Tagumpay]]; [[Plaza Potsdam]]; at [[gusaling Reichstag]]
}}|image_shield=Coat of arms of Berlin.svg|shield_size=70px|pushpin_map=Germany#Europe|pushpin_relief=yes|pushpin_map_caption=Kinaroroonan sa Alemanya|coordinates={{coord|52|31|12|N|13|24|18|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|image_flag=Flag_of_Berlin.svg|image_map={{maplink|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape<!--line-->|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-color=|stroke-width=2|frame-width=250|frame-height=300}}|total_type=Lungsod/Estado|area_total_km2=891.7|area_footnotes=<ref name="statoffice">{{cite web |access-date=2 May 2019 |title=Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |language=de |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308125331/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Statistiken/inhalt-statistiken.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>|population_total=3769495|population_footnotes=<ref name="pop-detail"/>|population_as_of=Disyembre 31, 2020|population_urban=4473101|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="citypopulation_urban">{{cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|author=citypopulation.de quoting Federal Statistics Office|title=Germany: Urban Areas|access-date=2021-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603133151/https://citypopulation.de/en/germany/urbanareas/|archive-date=2020-06-03|url-status=live}}</ref>|population_metro=6144600|population_metro_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2019/19-02-08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827224549/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/pms/2019/19-02-08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 August 2021 |title=Bevölkerungsanstieg in Berlin und Brandenburg mit nachlassender Dynamik |date=8 February 2019 |website=statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de |publisher=Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg |access-date=24 November 2019}}</ref>|elevation_m=34|population_demonyms=Berlines<br/>Berliner (m), Berlinerin (f) (Aleman)|blank_name_sec1=[[Gross regional product|GRP (nominal)]]|blank_info_sec1=€155 billion (2020)<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.statistikportal.de/en/node/649|title = Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2020|website = www.statistikportal.de|access-date = 1 April 2021|archive-date = 1 April 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210401011816/https://www.statistikportal.de/en/node/649|url-status = live}}</ref>|blank1_name_sec1=GRP kada tao|blank1_info_sec1=€41,000 (2020)|blank2_name_sec2=[[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2018)|blank2_info_sec2=0.964<ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=13 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref><br/>{{color|green|very high}} · [[List of German states by Human Development Index|2nd of 16]]|timezone1=[[Central European Time|CET]]|utc_offset1=+01:00|timezone1_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]|utc_offset1_DST=+02:00|blank_name_sec2=[[GeoTLD]]|blank_info_sec2=[[.berlin]]|website={{URL|www.berlin.de/en/}}|governing_body=[[Abgeordnetenhaus ng Berlin]]|leader_title=[[Namumunong Alkalde ng Berlin|Namumunong Alkalde]]|leader_party=SPD|leader_name=[[Franziska Giffey]]|geocode=[[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS Region]]: DE3|area_code=[[List of dialling codes in Germany#030 – Berlin|030]]|registration_plate=B{{NoteTag |1 = Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945. Vehicles were registered under the following prefixes: "I A" (1906 – April 1945; devalidated on 11 August 1945); no prefix, only digits (from July to August 1945), "БГ" (=BG; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "ГФ" (=GF; 1945–46, for cars, trucks and busses), "БM" (=BM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "ГM" (=GM; 1945–47, for motor bikes), "KB" (i.e.: [[Allied Kommandatura|Kommandatura]] of Berlin; for all of Berlin 1947–48, continued for [[West Berlin]] until 1956), "GB" (i.e.: Greater Berlin, for [[East Berlin]] 1948–53), "I" (for East Berlin, 1953–90), "B" (for West Berlin from 1 July 1956, continued for all of Berlin since 1990).}}|iso_code=DE-BE|official_name=Berlin}}Ang '''Berlin''' ay ang [[kabisera|kabesera]] ng [[Alemanya]]. May 3.7 milyong naninirahan dito, ito ang [[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Alemanya batay sa populasyon|pinakamalaking lungsod]] sa bansa ayon sa lugar at populasyon<ref>{{Cite news |last=Milbradt |first=Friederike |date=6 February 2019 |title=Deutschland: Die größten Städte |language=de |work=[[Die Zeit]] (Magazin) |location=Hamburg |url=https://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/2019/07/flaechengroesste-staedte-deutschlandkarte |url-status=live |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183401/https://www.zeit.de/zeit-magazin/2019/07/flaechengroesste-staedte-deutschlandkarte |archive-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2019 |title=Leipzig überholt bei Einwohnerzahl Dortmund – jetzt Platz 8 in Deutschland |language=de |work=[[Leipziger Volkszeitung]] |location=Leipzig |url=https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Leipzig-ueberholt-bei-Einwohnerzahl-Dortmund-jetzt-Platz-8-in-Deutschland |url-status=dead |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113070247/https://www.lvz.de/Leipzig/Lokales/Leipzig-ueberholt-bei-Einwohnerzahl-Dortmund-jetzt-Platz-8-in-Deutschland |archive-date=13 November 2019}}</ref>, at ang pinakamalaking lungsod ayon sa populasyon sa [[Kaisahang Yuropeo|Unyong Europeo]], ayon sa populasyon sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng lungsod.<ref name="pop-detail">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> Isa sa [[Länder ng Alemanya|labing-anim na kinabibilangang estado]] ng Alemanya, ang Berlin ay napalilibutan ng [[Brandeburgo|Estado ng Brandeburgo]] at kadugtong ng [[Potsdam]], ang kabesera ng Brandeburgo. Ang urbanong pook ng Berlin, na may populasyon na humigit-kumulang 4.5 milyon, ay ang pangalawang pinakamataong urbanong pook sa Alemanya pagkatapos ng [[Ruhr]]. Ang [[Kalakhang Rehiyon ng Berlin-Brandeburgo|kabeserang rehiyon ng Berlin-Brandeburgo]] ay may humigit-kumulang 6.2 milyong mga naninirahan at ito ang [[Mga kalakhang rehiyon ng Alemanya|ikatlong pinakamalaking kalakhang rehiyon ng Alemanya]] pagkatapos ng mga rehiyon ng [[Rin-Ruhr]] at [[Francfort Rin-Meno|Rin-Meno]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2016 |title=Daten und Fakten zur Hauptstadtregion |url=https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175940/https://www.berlin-brandenburg.de/metropolregion/daten-und-fakten/ |archive-date=21 March 2019 |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=www.berlin-brandenburg.de}}</ref> Nagkaroon ng [[Pag-iisa ng Berlin at Brandeburgo|bigong pagtatangkang pag-isahin ang parehong estado noong 1996]], at sa kabila ng nananatiling hiwalay, ang dalawang estado ay nagtutulungan sa maraming bagay hanggang ngayon.
Ang Berlin ay tumatawid sa pampang ng [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]], na dumadaloy sa [[Havel]] (isang [[tributaryo]] ng [[Ilog Elba|Elbe]]) sa kanlurang boro ng [[Spandau]] . Kabilang sa mga pangunahing topograpikong tampok ng lungsod ay ang maraming lawa sa kanluran at timog-silangan na mga boro na nabuo ng [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]], [[Havel]], at [[Dahme (ilog)|Dahme]], na ang pinakamalakin ay ang [[Lawa ng Müggelsee|Lawa Müggelsee]]. Dahil sa lokasyon nito sa [[Kapatagang Europeo]], ang Berlin ay naiimpluwensiyahan ng isang [[Klimang banayad|banayad na pana-panahong klima]]. Halos sangkatlo ng lugar ng lungsod ay binubuo ng mga kagubatan, [[Tala ng mga liwasan at hardin sa Berlin|liwasan, hardin]], ilog, kanal, at lawa.<ref name="gruen">{{Cite web |last=Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün |title=Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin |url=https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003118/https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> Ang lungsod ay nasa lugar ng diyalektong [[Gitnang Aleman]], ang [[Alemang Berlin|diyalekto ng Berlin]] ay isang varyant ng mga [[Mga diyalektong Lausitzisch-Neumärkisch|diyalektong Lausitzisch-Neumärkisch]].
Unang naidokumento noong ika-13 siglo at sa pagtawid ng dalawang mahalagang makasaysayang [[Ruta ng kalakalan|rutang pangkalakalan]],<ref name="staple">{{Cite web |date=August 2004 |title=Niederlagsrecht |trans-title=Settlement rights |url=https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122025717/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |archive-date=22 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |publisher=Verein für die Geschichte Berlins |language=de}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay naging kabesera ng [[Margrabyato ng Brandeburgo]] (1417 – 1701), ang [[Kaharian ng Prusya]] (1701–1918), ang [[Imperyong Aleman]] (1871). –1918), ang [[Republikang Weimar]] (1919–1933), at [[Alemanyang Nazi]] (1933–1945). Ang [[Berlin noong dekada '20]] ay ang ikatlong pinakamalaking munisipalidad sa mundo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2009 |title=Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture and Politics in Germany) |url=https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706161901/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=23505 |archive-date=6 July 2018 |access-date=9 October 2009 |publisher=www.h-net.org}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] at ang kasunod na pananakop nito ng mga matagumpay na bansa, nahati ang lungsod; ang [[Kanlurang Berlin]] ay naging isang de facto na [[Engklabo at eksklabo|eksklabo]] ng [[Kanlurang Alemanya]], na napapalibutan ng [[Pader ng Berlin]] (mula Agosto 1961 hanggang Nobyembre 1989) at teritoryo ng Silangang Aleman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Wall |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630080628/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/62202/Berlin-Wall |archive-date=30 June 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]}}</ref> Ang [[Silangang Berlin]] ay idineklara na kabesera ng Silangang Alemanya, habang ang [[Bonn]] ay naging kabesera ng Kanlurang Alemanya. Kasunod ng [[muling pag-iisang Aleman]] noong 1990, ang Berlin ay muling naging kabesera ng buong Alemanya.
Ang Berlin ay isang [[Lungsod pandaigdig|pandaigdigang lungsod]] ng [[Kultura ng Berlin|kultura]], [[Politika ng Berlin|politika]], [[Media ng Berlin|media]], at agham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin – Capital of Germany |url=https://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/04__W__t__G/03/01/03/Feature__3.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112204045/https://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/04__W__t__G/03/01/03/Feature__3.html |archive-date=12 January 2012 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=German Embassy in Washington}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Catriona |date=10 April 2010 |title=Revealed: Cities that rule the world – and those on the rise |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/?hpt=C2 |url-status=live |access-date=11 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604014630/https://edition.cnn.com/2010/BUSINESS/04/10/cities.dominate.world/?hpt=C2 |archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sifton |first=Sam |date=31 December 1969 |title=Berlin, the big canvas |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012910/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/22/travel/22iht-22berlin.13882912.html |archive-date=12 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=22 October 2009 |title=Global Power City Index 2009 |url=https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Institute for Urban Strategies at the Mori Memorial Foundation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629143736/https://www.mori-m-foundation.or.jp/english/research/project/6/pdf/GPCI2009_English.pdf |archive-date=29 June 2014 |access-date=29 October 2009}}</ref> Nakabatay ang [[Ekonomiya ng Berlin|ekonomiya]] nito sa mga [[High tech|high-tech]] na kompanya at [[Tersiyaryong sektor ng ekonomiya|sektor ng serbisyo]], na sumasaklaw sa magkakaibang hanay ng mga [[Malilikhaing industriya|malikhaing industriya]], pasilidad ng pananaliksik, mga korporasyon ng media at mga lugar ng kumbensiyon.<ref name="congress">{{Cite web |title=ICCA publishes top 20 country and city rankings 2007 |url=https://www.iccaworld.com/npps/story.cfm?ID=1577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922094543/https://www.iccaworld.com/npps/story.cfm?ID=1577 |archive-date=22 September 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=ICCA}}</ref><ref name="Cityofdesign2">{{cite press release|url=https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080816140547/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2008|title=Berlin City of Design|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=18 August 2008}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay nagsisilbing isang kontinental na pusod para sa trapiko sa himpapawid at tren at may napakakomplikadong ugnayan ng pampublikong transportasyon. Ang metropolis ay isang sikat na destinasyong [[Turismo sa Alemanya|panturista]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=4 September 2014 |title=Berlin Beats Rome as Tourist Attraction as Hordes Descend |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html |url-status=live |journal=Bloomberg L.P. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911154443/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-03/berlin-beats-rome-as-tourist-attraction-as-hordes-descend.html |archive-date=11 September 2014 |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref> Kabilang din sa mga makabuluhang industriya ang [[Teknolohiyang pang-impormasyon|IT]], mga [[parmasyutiko]], [[inhinyeriyang biyomedikal]], [[malinis na teknolohiya]], [[biyoteknolohiya]], konstruksiyon, at [[Elektronika|electronika]].
Ang Berlin ay tahanan ng mga unibersidad na kilala sa buong mundo gaya ng [[Unibersidad ng Berlin Humboldt|Pamantasang Humboldt]], [[Pamantasang Teknikal ng Berlin|Pamantasang Teknikal]], [[Malayang Unibersidad ng Berlin|Malayang Unibersidad]], [[Pamantasan ng mga Sining ng Berlin|Pamantasan ng mga Sining]], [[ESMT Berlin]], [[Paaralang Hertie]], at [[Kolehiyong Bard ng Berlin]]. Ang [[Zoolohikong Hardin ng Berlin|Zoolohikong Hardin]] nito ay ang pinakabinibisitang zoo sa Europa at isa sa pinakasikat sa buong mundo. Dahil ang [[Estudyo ng Babelsberg|Babelsberg]] ang kauna-unahang malakihang estudyong pampelikulang kompleks sa mundo, ang Berlin ay isang lalong sikat na lokasyon para sa mga pandaigdigang [[Tala ng mga pelikulang isinagawa sa Berlin|paggawa ng pelikula]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2008 |title=Hollywood Helps Revive Berlin's Former Movie Glory |url=https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813010550/https://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3549403,00.html |archive-date=13 August 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> Kilala ang lungsod sa mga pagdiriwang, magkakaibang arkitektura, nightlife, kontemporaneong sining at napakataas na kalidad ng pamumuhay.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Flint |first=Sunshine |date=12 December 2004 |title=The Club Scene, on the Edge |work=The New York Times |url=https://travel2.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/travel/12surf.html |url-status=live |access-date=18 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402221310/https://travel2.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/travel/12surf.html |archive-date=2 April 2013}}</ref> Mula noong dekada 2000, saksi nag Berlin sa paglitaw ng isang kosmopolitang [[Startup ecosystem|eksenang]] [[entrepreneurship]].<ref>{{Cite journal |date=13 June 2014 |title=Young Israelis are Flocking to Berlin |url=https://www.newsweek.com/2014/06/20/young-israelis-are-flocking-berlin-262139.html |url-status=live |journal=Newsweek |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827183310/https://www.newsweek.com/2014/06/20/young-israelis-are-flocking-berlin-262139.html |archive-date=27 August 2014 |access-date=28 August 2014}}</ref>
Nagtataglay ang Berlin ng tatlong [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]]: [[Pulo ng mga Museo]]; ang mga [[Mga Palasyo at Liwasan ng Potsdam at Berlin|Palasyo at Liwasan ng Potsdam at Berlin]]; at ang mga [[Mga Modernismong Pabahay ng Berlin|Modernismong Pabahay ng Berlin]].<ref name="UNESCO">{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Site Museumsinsel |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506100913/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=6 May 2021 |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> Kabilang sa iba pang mga tanawin ang [[Tarangkahang Brandeburgo]], ang [[gusaling Reichstag]], [[Potsdamer Platz]], ang [[Alaala sa mga Pinaslang na Hudyo ng Europa]], ang [[Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer|Alaala ng Pader ng Berlin]], ang [[Galeriya ng Silangang Bahagi]], ang [[Haligi ng Tagumpay sa Berlin]], [[Katedral ng Berlin]], at ang [[Fernsehturm Berlin|Toreng Pantelebisyon ng Berlin]], ang pinakamataas na estruktura sa Alemanya. Maraming museo, galeriya, aklatan, orkestra, at mga pinagdadausan ng sports ang Berlin. Kabilang dito ang [[Altes Museum]], ang [[Alte Nationalgalerie|Lumang Pamabansang Galeriya]], ang [[Museong Bode]], ang [[Museong Pergamon|Museo Pergamo]], ang [[Deutsches Historisches Museum|Museuong Pangkasaysayang Aleman]], ang [[Museong Hudyo Berlin]], ang [[Museo ng Likas na Kasaysayan, Berlin|Museo ng Likas na Kasaysayan]], ang [[Foro Humboldt]], ang [[Aklatang Estatal ng Berlin]], ang [[Opera Estatal ng Berlin]], ang [[Filarmonika ng Berlin]], at ang [[Maraton ng Berlin]].
== Kasaysayan ==
=== Etimolohiya ===
Matatagpuan ang Berlin sa hilagang-silangan ng Alemanya, silangan ng Ilog [[Ilog Elba|Elbe]], na dating bumubuo, kasama ang Ilog (Sahon o Turingia) [[Saale]] (mula sa kanilang [[tagpuan]] sa [[Barby, Alemanya|Barby]] pataas), ang silangang hangganan ng [[Francia|Kahariang Franco]]. Habang ang Kahariang Franco ay pangunahing tinitirhan ng mga tribong [[Mga Aleman|Aleman]] tulad ng mga [[Mga Franco|Franco]] at mga [[Sakson|Sahon]], ang mga rehiyon sa silangan ng mga ilog sa hangganan ay pinaninirahan ng mga tribong [[Mga Eslabo|Eslabo]]. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit karamihan sa mga lungsod at nayon sa hilagang-silangan ng Alemanya ay may mga pangalang may pinagmulang [[Mga wikang Eslabo|Eslabo]] ([[Germania Slavica]]). Ang mga karaniwang [[Hermanisasyon|Hermanisadong]] pangalan ng lugar na [[Hulapi|hulaping]] Eslabo na pinagmulan ay ''-ow'', ''-itz'', ''-vitz'', ''-witz'', ''-itzsch'' at ''-in'', ang mga [[unlapi]] ay ''Windisch'' at ''Wendisch''. Ang pangalang ''Berlin'' ay nag-ugat sa wika ng mga naninirahan sa [[Mga Kanlurang Eslabo|Kanlurang Eslabo]] sa lugar ng Berlin ngayon, at maaaring nauugnay sa Lumang [[Wikang Polabo|Polabong]] tangkay na ''berl-'' / ''birl-'' ("latian").<ref>{{Cite book|last=Berger|first=Dieter|title=Geographische Namen in Deutschland|publisher=Bibliographisches Institut|year=1999|isbn=978-3-411-06252-2}}</ref> Dahil ang ''Ber-'' sa simula ay parang salitang Aleman na ''Bär'' ("oso"), lumilitaw ang isang oso sa eskudo de armas ng lungsod. Kaya ito ay isang halimbawa ng [[armas parlantes]].
Sa [[Mga boro at kapitbahayan ng Berlin|labindalawang boro]] ng Berlin, lima ang may (bahagya) na pangalang may pinagmulang Eslabo: [[Pankow]] (pinakamatao), [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf]], [[Marzahn-Hellersdorf]], [[Treptow-Köpenick]], at [[Spandau]] (pinangalanang Spandow hanggang 1878). Sa siyamnapu't anim na kapitbahayan nito, dalawampu't dalawa ang may (bahagya) na pangalang may pinagmulang Eslabo: [[Altglienicke]], [[Alt-Treptow]], [[Britz]], [[Buch (Berlin)|Buch]], [[Buckow (Berlin)|Buckow]], [[Gatow]], [[Karow (Berlin)|Karow]], [[Kladow]], [[Köpenick]], [[Lankwitz]], [[Lübars]], [[Malchow (Berlin)|Marchow]][[Pankow (lokalidad)|,]] [[Marzahn]], [[Pankow]], [[Prenzlauer Berg]], [[Rudow]], [[Schmöckwitz]], [[Spandau (lokalidad)|Spandau]], [[Stadtrandsiedlung Malchow]], [[Steglitz]], [[Tegel]], at [[Zehlendorf (Berlin)|Zehlendorf]]. Ang kapitbahayan ng [[Moabit]] ay may pangalang nagmula sa Pranses, at ang [[Französisch Buchholz]] ay ipinangalan sa mga [[Huguenot]].
=== Ika-12 hanggang ika-16 na siglo ===
[[Talaksan:ZLB-Berliner_Ansichten-Januar.jpg|thumb|Mapa ng Berlin noong 1688]]
[[Talaksan:Dom_und_Stadtschloss,_Berlin_1900.png|thumb|[[Katedral ng Berlin]] (kaliwa) at [[Palasyo ng Berlin]] (kanan), 1900]]
Ang pinakaunang katibayan ng mga pamayanan sa lugar ng Berlin ngayon ay mga labi ng isang pundasyon ng bahay na may petsang 1174, na natagpuan sa mga paghuhukay sa Berlin Mitte,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Berlin ist älter als gedacht: Hausreste aus dem Jahr 1174 entdeckt |language=de |trans-title=Berlin is older than thought: house remains from 1174 have been found |agency=dpa |url=https://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/berlin/2674414-958092-berlin-ist-aelter-als-gedacht-hausreste-.html |url-status=live |access-date=24 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120824212016/https://www.berlin.de/aktuelles/berlin/2674414-958092-berlin-ist-aelter-als-gedacht-hausreste-.html |archive-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> at isang barakilang kahoy na may petsang humigit-kumulang 1192.<ref name="zycwaq">{{Cite news |last=Rising |first=David |date=30 January 2008 |title=Berlin dig finds city older than thought |work=[[NBC News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/22920517/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/berlin-dig-finds-city-older-thought/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102013454/https://www.nbcnews.com/id/22920517/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/berlin-dig-finds-city-older-thought/ |archive-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> Ang unang nakasulat na mga talaan ng mga bayan sa lugar ng kasalukuyang Berlin ay mula sa huling bahagi ng ika-12 siglo. Ang [[Spandau]] ay unang binanggit noong 1197 at [[Köpenick]] noong 1209, bagaman ang mga lugar na ito ay hindi sumali sa Berlin hanggang 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2002 |title=Zitadelle Spandau |trans-title=Spandau Citadel |url=https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612020333/https://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/00175.html |archive-date=12 June 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH & Co. KG}}</ref> Ang gitnang bahagi ng Berlin ay maaaring masubaybayan pabalik sa dalawang bayan. Ang [[Cölln]] sa [[Fischerinsel]] ay unang binanggit sa isang dokumento noong 1237, at ang Berlin, sa kabila ng [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]] sa tinatawag ngayong [[Nikolaiviertel]], ay tinukoy sa isang dokumento mula 1244.<ref name="zycwaq" /> Ang 1237 ay itinuturing na petsa ng pagkakatatag ng lungsod.<ref name="Medtradc">{{Cite web |title=The medieval trading center |url=https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731190906/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-medieval-trading-center/ |archive-date=31 July 2016 |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH & Co. KG.}}</ref> Ang dalawang bayan sa paglipas ng panahon ay nabuo ang malapit na pang-ekonomiya at panlipunang ugnayan, at nakinabang mula sa [[Karapatan sa emporyo|pangunahing bahagi mismo]] sa dalawang mahalagang [[ruta ng kalakalan]] ng ''[[Via Imperii]]'' at mula [[Brujas]] hanggang [[Veliky Novgorod|Novgorod]].<ref name="staple2">{{Cite web |date=August 2004 |title=Niederlagsrecht |trans-title=Settlement rights |url=https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122025717/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlin-abc/stichwortehn/599-niederlagsrecht.html |archive-date=22 November 2015 |access-date=21 November 2015 |publisher=Verein für die Geschichte Berlins |language=de}}</ref> Noong 1307, bumuo sila ng isang alyansa na may isang karaniwang patakarang panlabas, bagaman ang kanilang mga panloob na pangangasiwa ay pinaghihiwalay pa rin.<ref name="Stöver2010">Stöver B. Geschichte Berlins.</ref><ref name="Lui stadtgr">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Stadtgründung Und Frühe Stadtentwicklung |trans-title=City foundation and early urban development |url=https://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130620011811/http://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr#selection-75.18-75.40 |archive-date=20 June 2013 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein |language=de}}</ref>
Noong 1415, si [[Federico I, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|Federico I]] ay naging [[Prinsipe-elektor|elektor]] ng [[Margrabyato ng Brandeburgo]], na pinamunuan niya hanggang 1440.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1993 |title=The Hohenzollern Dynasty |url=https://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807093738/https://www.west.net/~antipas/protected_files/news/europe/hohenzollerns.html |archive-date=7 August 2007 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=Antipas}}</ref> Noong ika-15 siglo, itinatag ng kaniyang mga kahalili ang Berlin-Cölln bilang kabesera ng margebyato, at ang mga sumunod na miyembro ng pamilyang [[Pamilya Hohenzollern|Hohenzollern]] ay namuno sa Berlin hanggang 1918, una bilang mga elektor ng Brandeburgo, pagkatapos ay bilang mga hari ng [[Prusya]], at kalaunan bilang mga [[emperador ng Alemanya]]. Noong 1443, sinimulan ni [[Federico II, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|Federico II Ngiping Bakal]] ang pagtatayo ng isang bagong [[Stadtschloss, Berlin|palasyo]] ng hari sa kambal na lungsod ng Berlin-Cölln. Ang mga protesta ng mga mamamayan ng bayan laban sa gusali ay nagtapos noong 1448, sa "Indignasyong Berlin" ("Berliner Unwille").<ref>{{Cite web |last=Komander |first=Gerhild H. M. |date=November 2004 |title=Berliner Unwillen |trans-title=Berlin unwillingness |url=https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919215632/https://www.diegeschichteberlins.de/geschichteberlins/berlinabc/stichworteag/555-berliner-unwillen.html |archive-date=19 September 2013 |access-date=30 May 2013 |publisher=Verein für die Geschichte Berlins e. V. |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Conrad |first=Andreas |date=26 October 2012 |title=Was den "Berliner Unwillen" erregte |language=de |trans-title=What aroused the "Berlin unwillingness" |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/serie-was-den-berliner-unwillen-erregte/7301932.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008183148/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/serie-was-den-berliner-unwillen-erregte/7301932.html |archive-date=8 October 2018}}</ref> Hindi naging matagumpay ang protestang ito at nawalan ang mga mamamayan ng marami sa mga pampolitika at pang-ekonomiyang pribilehiyo. Nang matapos ang palasyo ng hari noong 1451, unti-unti itong nagamit. Mula 1470, kasama ang bagong elektor na si [[Alberto III Aquiles, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|Alberto III Aquiles]], naging bagong tirahan ng hari ang Berlin-Cölln.<ref name="Lui stadtgr2">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=Stadtgründung Und Frühe Stadtentwicklung |trans-title=City foundation and early urban development |url=https://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130620011811/http://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/articles/1_02_stadtgr#selection-75.18-75.40 |archive-date=20 June 2013 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein |language=de}}</ref> Opisyal, ang palasyo ng Berlin-Cölln ay naging permanenteng tirahan ng mga Brandeburgong elektor ng Hohenzollerns mula 1486, nang si [[John Cicero, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|John Cicero]] ay maupo sa kapangyarihan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The electors' residence |url=https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421214734/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/en/history/the-electors-residence/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |access-date=11 June 2013 |publisher=BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH & Co. KG}}</ref> Gayunpaman, kinailangan ng Berlin-Cölln na talikuran ang katayuan nito bilang isang malayang lungsod [[Ligang Hanseatico|Hanseatico]]. Noong 1539, opisyal na naging [[Luteranismo|Luterano]] ang mga botante at ang lungsod.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Cathedral |url=https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818100934/https://www.smp-protein.de/SMPConference/berlin.htm |archive-date=18 August 2006 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=SMPProtein}}</ref>
=== Ika-17 hanggang ika-19 na siglo ===
Ang [[Digmaan ng Tatlumpung Taon]] sa pagitan ng 1618 at 1648 ay nagwasak sa Berlin. Sangkatlo ng mga bahay nito ang nasira o nawasak, at ang lungsod ay nawalan ng kalahati ng populasyon nito.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brandenburg during the 30 Years War |url=https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928213849/https://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/germany/bra30.html |archive-date=28 September 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=World History at KMLA}}</ref> Si [[Federico Guillermo I, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|Federico Guillermo]], na kilala bilang "Dakilang Elektor", na humalili sa kanyang ama na si [[Jorge Guillermo, Elektor ng Brandeburgo|Jorge Guillermo]] bilang pinuno noong 1640, ay nagpasimula ng isang patakaran ng pagtataguyod ng imigrasyon at pagpaparaya sa relihiyon.<ref name="Carlyle18532">{{cite book|first=Thomas|last=Carlyle|title=Fraser's Magazine|url=https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog|year=1853|publisher=J. Fraser|page=[https://archive.org/details/frasersmagazine03carlgoog/page/n71 63]|access-date=11 February 2016}}</ref> Sa [[Kautusan ng Potsdam]] noong 1685, nag-alok si Frederick William ng pagpapakupkop para sa mga [[Huguenot]] na Pranses.<ref name="Plaut19952">{{cite book|first=W. Gunther|last=Plaut|title=Asylum: A Moral Dilemma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&pg=PA42|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-95196-2|page=42|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214210/https://books.google.com/books?id=oirvylPVAhAC&pg=PA42|url-status=live}}</ref>
Noong 1700, humigit-kumulang 30 porsiyento ng mga residente ng Berlin ay Pranses, dahil sa imigrasyon ng mga Huguenot.<ref name="Gray20072">{{cite book|first=Jeremy|last=Gray|title=Germany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&pg=PA49|year=2007|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74059-988-7|page=49|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915225030/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z5t5mZE_s5YC&pg=PA49|url-status=live}}</ref> Marami pang ibang imigrante ang nagmula sa [[Bohemya|Bohemia]], [[Mankomunidad ng Polonya-Litwanya|Polonya]], at [[Prinsipado-Arsobispado ng Salzburgo|Salzburgo]].<ref name="Cybriwsky20132">{{cite book|first=Roman Adrian|last=Cybriwsky|title=Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|date=23 May 2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-248-9|page=48|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915232139/https://books.google.com/books?id=qb6NAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA48|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[Talaksan:Berlin_Unter_den_Linden_Victoria_Hotel_um_1900.jpg|left|thumb|Ang Berlin ay naging kabesera ng [[Imperyong Aleman]] noong 1871 at mabilis na lumawak sa mga sumunod na taon.]]
Mula noong 1618, ang Margrabyato ng Brandeburgo ay [[Personal na unyon|personal]] na nakipag-isa sa [[Dukado ng Prusya]]. Noong 1701, nabuo ng dalawahang estado ang [[Kaharian ng Prusya]] habang si [[Federico III, Elektor ng Brandeburgo]], ay kinoronahan ang sarili bilang haring [[Federico I sa Prusya]]. Ang Berlin ay naging kabesera ng bagong Kaharian,<ref>Horlemann, Bernd (Hrsg.</ref> pinalitan ang [[Königsberg]]. Ito ay isang matagumpay na pagtatangka na isentralisa ang kabesera sa napakalayo na estado, at ito ang unang pagkakataon na ang lungsod ay nagsimulang lumago. Noong 1709, pinagsama ang Berlin sa apat na lungsod ng Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichstadt, at Dorotheenstadt sa ilalim ng pangalang Berlin, "Haupt- und Residenzstadt Berlin".<ref name="Stöver20102">Stöver B. Geschichte Berlins.</ref>
Noong 1740, si Federico II, na kilala bilang [[Federico II ng Prusya|Federico ang Dakila]] (1740–1786), ay naluklok sa kapangyarihan.<ref name="Zaide19652">{{cite book|first=Gregorio F.|last=Zaide|title=World History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|year=1965|publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc.|isbn=978-971-23-1472-8|page=273|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200510/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq512SmGMIsC&pg=PA273|url-status=live}}</ref> Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ni Federico II, ang Berlin ay naging sentro ng [[Panahon ng Kaliwanagan|Kaliwanagan]], ngunit saglit ding sinakop noong [[Digmaan ng Pitong Taon]] ng hukbong Ruso.<ref name="PerryChase20122">{{cite book|first1=Marvin|last1=Perry|first2=Myrna|last2=Chase|first3=James|last3=Jacob|first4=Margaret|last4=Jacob|first5=Theodore|last5=Von Laue|title=Western Civilization: Ideas, Politics, and Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|date=1 January 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-70864-3|page=444|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174457/https://books.google.com/books?id=YYIJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA444|url-status=live}}</ref> Kasunod ng tagumpay ng Pransiya sa [[Digmaan ng Ikaapat na Koalisyon|Digmaan ng Ika-apat na Koalisyon]], [[Pagbagsak ng Berlin (1806)|nagmartsa]] si [[Napoleon I ng Pransiya|Napoleon Bonaparte]] sa Berlin noong 1806, ngunit nagbigay ng nagsasariling pamahalaan sa lungsod.<ref name="Lewis20132">{{cite book|first=Peter B.|last=Lewis|title=Arthur Schopenhauer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|date=15 February 2013|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=978-1-78023-069-6|page=57|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914174348/https://books.google.com/books?id=6TBXX9KVtzsC&pg=PA57|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1815, ang lungsod ay naging bahagi ng bagong [[Lalawigan ng Brandeburgo]].<ref name="StaffInc.20102">{{cite book|author1=Harvard Student Agencies Inc. Staff|author2=Harvard Student Agencies, Inc.|title=Let's Go Berlin, Prague & Budapest: The Student Travel Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|date=28 December 2010|publisher=Avalon Travel|isbn=978-1-59880-914-5|page=83|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914181704/https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj0YqD4ntvIC&pg=PA83|url-status=live}}</ref>
Hinubog ng [[Rebolusyong Industriyal]] ang Berlin noong ika-19 na siglo; kapansin-pansing lumawak ang ekonomiya at populasyon ng lungsod, at naging pangunahing sentro ng riles at sentro ng ekonomiya ng Alemanya. Ang mga karagdagang suburb sa lalong madaling panahon ay umunlad at tumaas ang lugar at populasyon ng Berlin. Noong 1861, ang mga kalapit na suburb kasama ang [[Wedding (Berlin)|Wedding]], [[Moabit]], at ilang iba pa ay isinanib sa Berlin.<ref name="Schulte-Peevers20102">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|title=Lonel Berlin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|date=15 September 2010|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-407-9|page=25|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915214354/https://books.google.com/books?id=DKlXQS6c3p0C&pg=PA25|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1871, ang Berlin ay naging kabesera ng bagong itinatag na [[Imperyong Aleman]].<ref name="Stöver20132">{{cite book|first=Bernd|last=Stöver|title=Berlin: A Short History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|date=2 October 2013|publisher=C.H.Beck|isbn=978-3-406-65633-0|page=20|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=15 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915200615/https://books.google.com/books?id=LVA8AQAAQBAJ&pg=PT20|url-status=live}}</ref> Noong 1881, naging distritong lungsod ito na hiwalay sa Brandeburgo.<ref name="Strassmann20082">{{cite book|first=W. Paul|last=Strassmann|title=The Strassmanns: Science, Politics and Migration in Turbulent Times (1793–1993)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|date=15 June 2008|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-84545-416-6|page=26|access-date=20 June 2015|archive-date=10 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910121944/https://books.google.com/books?id=5cCuBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA26|url-status=live}}</ref>
=== Ika-20 hanggang ika-21 siglo ===
{{main|Berlin noong dekada 1920}}
Noong unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo, ang Berlin ay naging isang matabang lupa para sa kilusang [[Sineng Ekspresyonistang Aleman|Ekspresyonistang Aleman]].<ref name="HollandGawthrop20012">{{cite book|author1=Jack Holland|author2=John Gawthrop|title=The Rough Guide to Berlin|url=https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-85828-682-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/roughguidetoberl00holl/page/361 361]}}</ref> Sa mga larangan tulad ng arkitektura, pagpipinta, at sine ay naimbento ang mga bagong anyo ng artistikong estilo. Sa pagtatapos ng [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] noong 1918, isang [[Republikang Weimar|republika]] ang ipinahayag ni [[Philipp Scheidemann]] sa [[Reichstag (gusali)|gusaling Reichstag]]. Noong 1920, isinama ng [[Batas ng Kalakhang Berlin]] ang dose-dosenang mga suburban na lungsod, nayon, at pagmamay-ari sa paligid ng Berlin sa isang pinalawak na lungsod. Ang batas ay nagpalaki sa lugar ng Berlin mula 66 tungo 883 km<sup>2</sup> (25 tungo 341 sq mi). Halos dumoble ang populasyon, at ang Berlin ay may populasyon na humigit-kumulang apat na milyon. Sa panahon ng [[Kulturang Weimar|Weimar]], ang Berlin ay sumailalim sa kaguluhan sa politika dahil sa kawalan ng katiyakan sa ekonomiya ngunit naging isang kilalang sentro ng [[Rumaragasang Dekada '20]]. Naranasan ng metropolis ang kaniyang kapanahunan bilang isang pangunahing kabesera ng mundo at kilala sa mga tungkulin ng pamumuno nito sa agham, teknolohiya, sining, humanidades, pagpaplano ng lungsod, pelikula, mas mataas na edukasyon, pamahalaan, at mga industriya. Si [[Albert Einstein]] ay sumikat sa publiko noong mga taon niya sa Berlin, na ginawaran ng [[Gantimpalang Nobel para sa Pisika]] noong 1921.
[[Talaksan:Potsdamer_Platz_1945.jpg|left|thumb|Nawasak ang Berlin pagkatapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] ([[Potsdamer Platz]], 1945)]]
Noong 1933, si [[Adolf Hitler]] at ang [[Partidong Nazi|Partido Nazi]] ay [[Pag-angat sa kapangyarihan ni Adolf Hitler|naluklok sa kapangyarihan]]. Ang pamamahala ng NSDAP ay nagpabawas sa komunidad ng mga Hudyo ng Berlin mula 160,000 (isang-katlo ng lahat ng mga Hudyo sa bansa) sa humigit-kumulang 80,000 dahil sa pangingibang-bansa sa pagitan ng 1933 at 1939. Pagkatapos ng [[Kristallnacht]] noong 1938, libo-libong Hudyo ng lungsod ang ikinulong sa kalapit na [[kampong piitan ng Sachsenhausen]]. Simula noong unang bahagi ng 1943, marami ang ipinadala sa mga [[kampong piitan]], gaya ng [[Kampo ng konsentrasyon sa Auschwitz|Auschwitz]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Berlin |url=https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708152027/https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005450 |archive-date=8 July 2017 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Holocaust Encyclopedia}}</ref> Ang Berlin ay ang pinakamabigat na binomba na lungsod sa kasaysayan. Sa panahon ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ang malaking bahagi ng Berlin ay nawasak 1943–45 reyd sa himpapawid ng mga Alyado at sa 1945 [[Labanan ng Berlin]]. Ang mga Alyado ay naghulog ng 67,607 tonelada ng mga bomba sa lungsod, na sinira ang 6,427 ektarya ng tinayuang lugar. Humigit-kumulang 125,000 sibilyan ang napatay.<ref>{{Citation |last=Clodfelter |first=Micheal |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts- A Statistical Reference to Casualty and Other Figures, 1500–2000 |year=2002 |edition=2nd |publisher=McFarland & Company |isbn=978-0-7864-1204-4}}</ref> Matapos ang [[Pagtatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig sa Europa|pagtatapos ng digmaan sa Europa]] noong Mayo 1945, nakatanggap ang Berlin ng malaking bilang ng mga bakwit mula sa mga lalawigan sa Silangan. Hinati ng mga matagumpay na kapangyarihan ang lungsod sa apat na sektor, na kahalintulad sa mga lugar ng [[Alemanyang sakop ng mga Alyado|pananakop]] kung saan hinati ang Alemanya. Ang mga sektor ng [[Mga Alyado ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|Kanluraning Alyado]] (ang Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, at Pransiya) ay nabuo ang [[Kanlurang Berlin]], habang ang [[Unyong Sobyetika|Sobyetikong sektor]] ang bumuo ng [[Silangang Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Benz |first=Prof. Dr. Wolfgang |date=27 April 2005 |title=Berlin – auf dem Weg zur geteilten Stadt |trans-title=Berlin – on the way to a divided city |url=https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110120432/https://www.bpb.de/geschichte/nationalsozialismus/dossier-nationalsozialismus/39619/das-geteilte-berlin?p=all |archive-date=10 November 2018 |access-date=10 November 2018 |publisher=Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung |language=de}}</ref>
Lahat ng apat na [[Mga Alyado ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|Alyado]] ay nagbahagi ng mga tungkuling pampamahalaan para sa Berlin. Gayunpaman, noong 1948, nang palawigin ng Kanluraning Alyado ang reporma sa pera sa Kanlurang mga sona ng Alemanya sa tatlong kanlurang sektor ng Berlin, ang [[Unyong Sobyetika|Unyong Sobyetiko]] ay nagpataw ng [[Pagbangkulong ng Berlin|pagharang]] sa mga daanan patungo at mula sa Kanlurang Berlin, na ganap na nasa loob ng kontrolado ng Sobyet. teritoryo. Ang [[Pagbangkulong ng Berlin|airlift ng Berlin]], na isinagawa ng tatlong kanlurang Alyado, ay nagtagumpay sa pagharang na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagbibigay ng pagkain at iba pang mga suplay sa lungsod mula Hunyo 1948 hanggang Mayo 1949.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin Airlift / Blockade |url=https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318232831/https://www.western-allies-berlin.com/historic-events/detail/airlift-blockade |archive-date=18 March 2015 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=Western Allies Berlin}}</ref> Noong 1949, itinatag ang Pederal na Republika ng Alemanya sa [[Kanlurang Alemanya]] at kalaunan ay isinama ang lahat ng mga sonang Amerikano, Briton, at Pranses, hindi kasama ang mga sona ng tatlong bansang iyon sa Berlin, habang ang [[Marxismo–Leninismo|Marxista-Leninistang]] [[Silangang Alemanya|Demokratikong Republikang Aleman]] ay idineklara sa [[Silangang Alemanya]]. Ang Kanlurang Berlin ay opisyal na nanatiling isang sinasakop na lungsod, ngunit ito ay nakahanay sa politika sa Republikang Federal ng Alemanya sa kabila ng heyograpikong paghihiwalay ng Kanlurang Berlin. Ang serbisyo ng himpapawid sa Kanlurang Berlin ay ipinagkaloob lamang sa mga kompanyang panghimpapawid ng mga Amerikano, Briton, at Pranses.
[[Talaksan:Thefalloftheberlinwall1989.JPG|left|thumb|Ang [[Pader ng Berlin|pagbagsak ng Pader ng Berlin]] noong 9 Nobyembre 1989. Noong [[Araw ng Pagkakaisang Aleman|Oktubre 3, 1990]], pormal nang natapos ang proseso ng [[muling pag-iisa ng Alemanya]].]]
Ang pagkakatatag ng dalawang estadong Aleman ay nagpapataas ng tensiyon sa [[Digmaang Malamig]]. Ang Kanlurang Berlin ay napapaligiran ng teritoryo ng Silangang Aleman, at ang Silangang Alemanya ay nagpahayag ng Silangang bahagi bilang kabesera nito, isang hakbang na hindi kinilala ng mga kanluraning kapangyarihan. Kasama sa Silangang Berlin ang karamihan sa sentrong pangkasaysayan ng lungsod. Ang pamahalaang Kanlurang Aleman ay nagsariling nagtatag sa [[Bonn]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin after 1945 |url=https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412221115/https://www.berlin.de/berlin-im-ueberblick/geschichte/1945.en.html |archive-date=12 April 2009 |access-date=8 April 2009 |publisher=BerlinOnline Stadtportal GmbH & Co. KG.}}</ref> Noong 1961, sinimulan ng Silangang Alemanya na itayo ang [[Pader ng Berlin]] sa paligid ng Kanlurang Berlin, at ang mga pangyayari ay umabot sa isang tangke na paghaharap sa [[Tsekpoint Charlie]]. Ang Kanlurang Berlin ay de facto na ngayong bahagi ng Kanlurang Alemanya na may natatanging legal na katayuan, habang ang Silangang Berlin ay de facto na bahagi ng Silangang Alemanya. Ibinigay ni [[John F. Kennedy]] ang kanyang "''[[Ich bin ein Berliner]]''" na talumpati noong Hunyo 26, 1963, sa harap ng bulwagan ng lungsod ng [[Schöneberg]], na matatagpuan sa kanlurang bahagi ng lungsod, na sinalungguhitan ang suporta ng Estados Unidos para sa Kanlurang Berlin.<ref>[[Andreas Daum]], ''Kennedy in Berlin''.</ref> Ang Berlin ay ganap na nahati. Bagaman posible para sa mga Kanluranin na dumaan sa kabilang panig sa pamamagitan ng mahigpit na kontroladong mga tsekpoint, para sa karamihan ng mga taga-Silangan, ang paglalakbay sa Kanlurang Berlin o Kanlurang Alemanya ay ipinagbabawal ng pamahalaan ng Silangang Alemanya. Noong 1971, ginagarantiyahan ng isang [[Kasunduan ng Apat na Kapangyarihan]] ang pagpunta sa at mula sa Kanlurang Berlin sa pamamagitan ng kotse o tren sa pamamagitan ng Silangang Alemanya.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1996 |title=Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971 |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042306/https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/ga5-710903.htm |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref>
Noong 1989, sa pagtatapos ng Cold War at panggigipit mula sa populasyon ng Silangang Aleman, ang [[Pagbagsak ng Pader ng Berlin|Berlin Wall ay bumagsak]] noong Nobyembre 9 at kasunod na karamihan ay giniba. Ngayon, pinapanatili ng [[East Side Gallery]] ang malaking bahagi ng pader. Noong Oktubre 1990, muling [[Muling pag-iisa ng Alemanya|pinagsama]] ang dalawang bahagi ng Alemanya bilang Republika Federal ng Alemanya, at muling naging lungsod ang Berlin.<ref>''Berlin ‒ Washington, 1800‒2000: Capital Cities, Cultural Representation, and National Identities'', ed.</ref> Si [[Walter Momper]], ang alkalde ng Kanlurang Berlin, ay naging unang alkalde ng muling pinagsamang lungsod sa pansamantala. Ang mga halalan sa buong lungsod noong Disyembre 1990 ay nagresulta sa unang "lahatang Berlin" na alkalde na nahalal na manungkulan noong Enero 1991, kung saan ang magkahiwalay na opisina ng mga alkalde sa Silangan at Kanlurang Berlin ay magtatapos sa panahong iyon, at si [[Eberhard Diepgen]] (isang dating alkalde ng Kanluran Berlin) ang naging unang nahalal na alkalde ng isang muling pinagsamang Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 1990 |title=Berlin Mayoral Contest Has Many Uncertainties |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617212414/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/01/world/berlin-mayoral-contest-has-many-uncertainties.html |archive-date=17 June 2019}}</ref> Noong Hunyo 18, 1994, ang mga sundalo mula sa Estados Unidos, Pransiya, at Britanya ay nagmartsa sa isang parada na bahagi ng mga seremonya upang markahan ang pag-alis ng mga kaalyadong tropang pananakop na nagpapahintulot sa [[Muling pag-iisa ng Alemanya|muling pinagsamang Berlin]]<ref name="ReUnificationParade">{{Cite news |last=Kinzer |first=Stephan |date=19 June 1994 |title=Allied Soldiers March to Say Farewell to Berlin |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York City |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121133602/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/19/world/allied-soldiers-march-to-say-farewell-to-berlin.html |archive-date=21 November 2015}}</ref> (ang huling tropang Ruso ay umalis noong Agosto 31, habang ang huling pag-alis ng mga puwersa ng Kanluraning Alyado ay noong Setyembre 8, 1994). Noong Hunyo 20, 1991, bumoto ang [[Bundestag]] (Parlamentong Aleman) na [[Pagpapasya para sa Kabesera ng Alemanya|ilipat ang luklukan]] ng kabesera ng Alemanya mula Bonn patungong Berlin, na natapos noong 1999.
{{multiple image|align=right|image1=Humboldt Forum 9155.jpg|width1=195|caption1=Ang muling itinayong [[Palasyo ng Berlin]] na nalalapit nang matapos noong 2021|width2=220|width3=215|direction=|total_width=|alt1=}}Ang [[Mga boro at kapitbahayan ng Berlin|repormang pampangasiwaan ng Berlin noong 2001]] ay pinagsama ang ilang borough, na binawasan ang kanilang bilang mula 23 hanggang 12.
Noong 2006, isinagawa sa Berlin ang [[2006 FIFA World Cup Final|FIFA World Cup Final]].
Sa isang [[Atake sa truck sa Berlin noong 2016|pag-atakeng terorista noong 2016]] na nauugnay sa [[Islamikong Estado|ISIL]], isang truck ang sadyang imaneho sa isang palengkeng pam-Pasko sa tabi ng [[Pang-alaalang Simbahang Kaiser Wilhelm]], na nag-iwan ng 13 kataong namatay at 55 nasugatan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2016 |title=IS reklamiert Attacke auf Weihnachtsmarkt für sich |language=de |trans-title=IS recalls attack on Christmas market for itself |work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/nach-anschlag-in-berlin-is-reklamiert-attentat-fuer-sich-14585337.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321175944/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/nach-anschlag-in-berlin-is-reklamiert-attentat-fuer-sich-14585337.html |archive-date=21 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC.Dies">{{Cite news |date=26 October 2021 |title=Berlin attack: First aider dies 5 years after Christmas market murders |work=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59048891 |url-status=live |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026190214/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59048891 |archive-date=26 October 2021}}</ref>
Binuksan ang [[Paliparang Berlin Brandeburgo]] (BER) noong 2020, pagkalipas ng siyam na taon kaysa binalak, kung saan papasok na ang Terminal 1 sa serbisyo sa katapusan ng Oktubre, at ang mga lipad papunta at mula sa [[Paliparang Tegel]] ay magtatapos sa Nobyembre.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Nicky |last2=Kries |first2=Susanne |date=8 November 2020 |title=Berlin's Tegel airport: A love letter as it prepares to close |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/berlin-tegel-airport-germany-closing-history-brandenburg-b672759.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205135633/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/berlin-tegel-airport-germany-closing-history-brandenburg-b672759.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=de}}</ref> Dahil sa pagbaba ng bilang ng mga pasahero na nagreresulta mula sa pandemya ng [[Pandemya ng COVID-19|COVID-19]], inihayag ang mga plano na pansamantalang isara ang Terminal 5 ng BER, ang dating [[Paliparang Berlin Schönefeld|Paliparang Schönefeld]], simula sa Marso 2021 nang hanggang isang taon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Stefan |date=January 29, 2021 |title=BER schließt Terminal in Schönefeld am 23. Februar |language=de |trans-title=BER closes the terminal in Schönefeld on February 23 |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/flugverkehr-wegen-corona-eingebrochen-berschliesst-terminal-in-schoenefeld-am-23-februar/26864858.html |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205134830/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/flugverkehr-wegen-corona-eingebrochen-berschliesst-terminal-in-schoenefeld-am-23-februar/26864858.html |archive-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> Ang nag-uugnay na linyang U-Bahn U5 mula Alexanderplatz hanggang Hauptbahnhof, kasama ang mga bagong estasyong Rotes Rathaus at Unter den Linden, ay binuksan noong Disyembre 4, 2020, kung saan inaasahang magbubukas ang estasyon ng Museumsinsel U-Bahn sa bandang Marso 2021, na kukumpleto sa lahat ng mga bagong gawa sa U5.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2020 |title=BVG will verlängerte U5 am 4. Dezember eröffnen |trans-title=BVG wants to open the extended U5 on December 4th |url=https://www.rbb24.de/panorama/beitrag/2020/08/berlin-bvg-u5-lueckenschluss-verlaengerung-start.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205133537/https://www.rbb24.de/panorama/beitrag/2020/08/berlin-bvg-u5-lueckenschluss-verlaengerung-start.html |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=5 February 2021 |website=[[Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg|rbb24]] |language=de}}</ref> Ang isang bahagyang pagbubukas sa pagtatapos ng 2020 na museong [[Foro Humboldt]], na makikita sa muling itinayong [[Palasyo ng Berlin]], na inihayag noong Hunyo, ay ipinagpaliban hanggang Marso 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 November 2020 |title=Humboldt Forum will zunächst nur digital eröffnen |language=de |trans-title=Humboldt Forum will initially only open digitally |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/museen-in-der-corona-pandemie-humboldt-forum-will-zunaechst-nur-digital-eroeffnen/26666500.html |access-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205133156/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/museen-in-der-corona-pandemie-humboldt-forum-will-zunaechst-nur-digital-eroeffnen/26666500.html |archive-date=5 February 2021}}</ref>
=== Pagtatangka ng pagsasanib ng Berlin-Brandeburgo ===
[[Talaksan:DEU_Berlin-Brandenburg_COA.svg|left|thumb|179x179px|Ang eskudo de armas na iminungkahi sa kontrata ng estado]]
Ang legal na batayan para sa pinagsamang estado ng Berlin at [[Brandeburgo|Brandeburgo]] ay iba sa ibang mga panukala sa pagsasanib ng estado. Karaniwan, ang Artikulo 29 ng [[Batayang Batas para sa Republikang Federal ng Alemanya|Batayang Batas]] ay nagsasaad na ang pagsasanib ng estado ay nangangailangan ng isang pederal na batas.<ref>{{cite act|type=|index=|date=24 May 1949|article=29|article-type=Article|legislature=Parlamentarischer Rat|title=Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland|trans-title=Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|page=|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_29.html|language=de}}</ref> Gayunpaman, ang isang sugnay na idinagdag sa Batayang Batas noong 1994, Artikulo 118a, ay nagpapahintulot sa Berlin at Brandeburgo na magkaisa nang walang pag-apruba ng federal, na nangangailangan ng isang reperendo at ratipikasyon ng mga parlamento ng parehong estado.<ref>{{cite act|type=|index=|date=27 October 1994|article=118a|article-type=Einzelnorm|legislature=Bundestag|title=Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland|trans-title=Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany|page=|url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gg/art_118a.html|language=de}}</ref>
Noong 1996, nagkaroon ng hindi matagumpay na pagtatangka na pag-isahin ang mga estado ng Berlin at Brandenburg.<ref name="berlingeschichte">{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=LÄNDERFUSION / FUSIONSVERTRAG (1995) |url=https://berlingeschichte.de/stadtentwicklung/texte/5_33_laefuver.htm |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref> Parehong may iisang kasaysayan, diyalekto, at kultura at sa 2020, mayroong mahigit 225,000 residente ng Brandeburgo na bumibiyahe patungong Berlin. Ang pagsasanib ay nagkaroon ng halos nagkakaisang suporta ng isang malawak na koalisyon ng parehong mga pamahalaan ng estado, mga partidong pampolitika, media, mga asosasyon ng negosyo, mga unyon ng manggagawa at mga simbahan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2016 |title=Die Brandenburger wollen keine Berliner Verhältnisse |language=de |work=Tagesspiegel |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/gescheiterte-laenderfusion-mit-berlin-die-brandenburger-wollen-keine-berliner-verhaeltnisse/13539146.html |access-date=30 March 2022}}</ref> Bagaman bumoto ang Berlin ng pabor sa maliit na palugit, higit sa lahat ay nakabatay sa suporta sa dating [[Kanlurang Berlin]], hindi inaprubahan ng mga botante ng Brandeburgo ang pagsasanib sa malaking margin. Nabigo ito higit sa lahat dahil sa ayaw ng mga botante ng Brandeburgo na tanggapin ang malaki at lumalaking utang ng publiko sa Berlin at takot na mawala ang pagkakakilanlan at impluwensiya sa kabesera.<ref name="berlingeschichte" />
== Heograpiya ==
=== Topograpiya ===
[[Talaksan:Berlin_by_Senitnel-2.jpg|thumb|Imaheng satellite ng Berlin]]
[[Talaksan:Luftbild_bln-schmoeckwitz.jpg|thumb|Ang labas ng Berlin ay nasasakupan ng mga kakahuyan at maraming lawa.]]
Ang Berlin ay nasa hilagang-silangan ng Alemanya, sa isang lugar ng mababang latiang makahoy na may pangunahing patag na [[topograpiya]], bahagi ng malawak na [[Hilagang Kapatagang Europeo]] na umaabot mula hilagang Pransiya hanggang kanlurang Rusya. Ang ''Berliner Urstromtal'' (isang panahon ng yelo [[lambak glasyar]]), sa pagitan ng mababang [[Talampas ng Barnim]] sa hilaga at ng [[Talampas ng Teltow]] sa timog, ay nabuo sa pamamagitan ng natunaw na tubig na dumadaloy mula sa mga yelo sa dulo ng huling [[glasyasyong Weichseliense]]. Ang [[Spree (ilog)|Spree]] ay sumusunod sa lambak na ito ngayon. Sa Spandau, isang boto sa kanluran ng Berlin, ang Spree ay umaagos sa ilog [[Havel]], na dumadaloy mula hilaga hanggang timog sa kanlurang Berlin. Ang daloy ng Havel ay mas katulad ng isang hanay ng mga lawa, ang pinakamalaki ay ang Tegeler See at ang [[Großer Wannsee]]. Ang isang serye ng mga lawa ay dumadaloy din sa itaas na Spree, na dumadaloy sa [[Müggelsee|Großer Müggelsee]] sa silangang Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Satellite Image Berlin |url=https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&spn=0.060339,0.085316&t=k |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://www.google.com/maps?ll=52.5333,13.38000&spn=0.060339,0.085316&t=k |archive-date=18 February 2022 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=Google Maps}}</ref>
Ang malalaking bahagi ng kasalukuyang Berlin ay umaabot sa mababang talampas sa magkabilang panig ng Lambak Spree. Malaking bahagi ng mga borough na [[Reinickendorf]] at [[Pankow]] ay nasa Talampas ng Barnim, habang ang karamihan sa mga boro ng [[Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf]], [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf]], [[Tempelhof-Schöneberg]], at [[Neukölln]] ay nasa Talampas ng Teltow.
Ang boro ng Spandau ay bahagyang nasa loob ng Lambak Glasyar ng Berlin at bahagyang nasa Kapatagang Nauen, na umaabot sa kanluran ng Berlin. Mula noong 2015, ang mga burol ng Arkenberge sa Pankow sa {{Convert|122|m}} taas, ay ang pinakamataas na punto sa Berlin. Sa pamamagitan ng pagtatapon ng mga labi ng konstruksiyon nalampasan nito ang [[Teufelsberg]] ({{Cvt|120.1|m}}), na kung saan mismo ay binubuo ng mga durog na bato mula sa mga guho ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Triantafillou |first=Nikolaus |date=27 January 2015 |title=Berlin hat eine neue Spitze |trans-title=Berlin has a new top |url=https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722225809/https://www.qiez.de/pankow/wohnen-und-leben/gruenes-berlin/der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-liegt-nun-in-pankow-arkenberge/169588800 |archive-date=22 July 2016 |access-date=11 November 2018 |publisher=Qiez |language=de}}</ref> Ang [[Müggelberge]] sa 114.7 {{Convert|114.7|m}} taas ang pinakamataas na natural na punto at ang pinakamababa ay ang Spektesee sa Spandau, sa {{Convert|28.1|m}} taas.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jacobs |first=Stefan |date=22 February 2015 |title=Der höchste Berg von Berlin ist neuerdings in Pankow |language=de |trans-title=The tallest mountain in Berlin is now in Pankow |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150519014725/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/bezirke/pankow/das-ist-die-hoehe-arkenberge-der-hoechste-berg-von-berlin-ist-neuerdings-in-pankow/11406254.html |archive-date=19 May 2015}}</ref>
=== Klima ===
Ang Berlin ay may [[klimang pangkaragatan]] ([[Kategoryang Köppen sa klima|Köppen]]: ''Cfb'');<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin, Germany Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase) |url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&cityname=Berlin,+Germany |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130184209/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&cityname=Berlin,+Germany |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=30 January 2019 |website=Weatherbase}}</ref> ang silangang bahagi ng lungsod ay may bahagyang impluwensiyang kontinental (''Dfb''), isa sa mga pagbabago ay ang taunang pag-ulan ayon sa [[masa ng hangin]] at ang mas malaking kasaganaan sa isang panahon ng taon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The different types of vertical greening systems and their relative sustainability |url=https://www.bc-naklo.si/fileadmin/Vertikalne_ozelenitve_pdf/Ang_3_poglavje/3.1.3.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220603/https://www.bc-naklo.si/fileadmin/Vertikalne_ozelenitve_pdf/Ang_3_poglavje/3.1.3.pdf |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="Elkins22">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|title=Berlin: The Spatial Structure of a Divided City|last1=Elkins|first1=Dorothy|last2=Elkins|first2=T. H.|last3=Hofmeister|first3=B.|date=4 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135835057|language=en|access-date=21 September 2020|archive-date=18 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131221/https://books.google.com/books?id=8VqRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA77|url-status=live}}</ref> Nagtatampok ang ganitong uri ng klima ng katamtamang temperatura ng tag-init ngunit kung minsan ay mainit (para sa pagiging semikontinental) at malamig na taglamig ngunit hindi mahigpit sa halos lahat ng oras.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin, Germany Climate Summary |url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&units= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629211853/https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58301&cityname=Berlin%2C+Berlin%2C+Germany&units= |archive-date=29 June 2015 |access-date=15 March 2015 |publisher=Weatherbase}}</ref><ref name="Elkins2">{{Cite book}}</ref>
Dahil sa mga transisyonal na sonang klima nito, karaniwan ang pagyeyelo sa taglamig, at may mas malaking pagkakaiba sa temperatura sa pagitan ng mga panahon kaysa sa karaniwan para sa maraming [[klimang pangkaragatan]]. Higit pa rito, ang Berlin ay inuri bilang isang [[Katamtamang klima|katamtamang]] [[Mabanas na klimang kontinental|klimang kontinental]] (''Dc'') sa ilalim ng iskema ng [[Kategoryang Trewartha sa klima|klima ng Trewartha]], gayundin ang mga suburb ng Lungsod ng Bagong York, bagaman inilalagay sila ng [[Kategoryang Köppen sa klima|sistemang Köppen]] sa iba't ibang uri.<ref>Gerstengarbe FW, Werner PC (2009) A short update on Koeppen climate shifts in Europe between 1901 and 2003.</ref>
Ang mga tag-araw ay mainit-init at kung minsan ay mahalumigmig na may karaniwang mataas na temperatura na {{Cvt|22|–|25|C}} at mababa sa {{Cvt|12|–|14|C}} . Ang mga taglamig ay malamig na may karaniwang mataas na temperatura na {{Cvt|3|C}} at mababa sa {{Cvt|−2|to|0|C}}. Ang tagsibol at taglagas ay karaniwang malamig hanggang banayad. Lumilikha ng mikroklima ang tinayuang bahagi ng Berlin, na may [[Pulo ng init sa lungsod|init na iniimbak ng mga gusali at bangketa ng lungsod]]. Ang mga temperatura ay maaaring {{Cvt|4|C-change}} mas mataas sa lungsod kaysa mga nakapaligid na lugar.<ref>{{Cite web |title=weather.com |url=https://www.weather.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323015551/https://www.weather.com/ |archive-date=23 March 2007 |access-date=7 April 2012 |publisher=weather.com}}</ref> Ang taunang pag-ulan ay {{Convert|570|mm}} na may katamtamang pag-ulan sa buong taon. Ang Berlin at ang nakapalibot na estado ng Brandeburgo ay ang pinakamainit at pinakatuyong rehiyon sa Alemanya.<ref name="berlinermorgenpost">{{Cite web |date=8 March 2016 |title=Berlin ist das wärmste und trockenste Bundesland |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article207136607/Berlin-ist-das-waermste-und-trockenste-Bundesland.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023193643/https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article207136607/Berlin-ist-das-waermste-und-trockenste-Bundesland.html |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=23 October 2021 |website=Berliner Morgenpost}}</ref> Ang pag-ulan ng niyebe ay pangunahing nangyayari mula Disyembre hanggang Marso.<ref name="worldweather2">{{Cite web |title=Climate figures |url=https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080817114255/https://www.worldweather.org/016/c00059.htm |archive-date=17 August 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |website=World Weather Information Service}}</ref> Ang pinakamainit na buwan sa Berlin ay Hulyo 1834, na may karaniwang temperatura na {{Cvt|23.0|C}} at ang pinakamalamig ay Enero 1709, na maykaraniwang temperatura na {{Cvt|-13.2|C}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Temperaturmonatsmittel BERLIN-TEMPELHOF 1701- 1993 |url=https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702031754/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tberlintem.html |archive-date=2 July 2019 |access-date=23 June 2019 |website=old.wetterzentrale.de}}</ref> Ang pinakamabasang buwan na naitala ay Hulyo 1907, na may {{Convert|230|mm}} ng pag-ulan, samantalang ang pinakamatuyo ay Oktubre 1866, Nobyembre 1902, Oktubre 1908 at Setyembre 1928, lahat ay may {{Convert|1|mm|3}} ng pag-ulan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Niederschlagsmonatssummen BERLIN-DAHLEM 1848– 1990 |url=https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707182905/https://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/pberlinda.html |archive-date=7 July 2019 |access-date=23 June 2019 |website=old.wetterzentrale.de}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=Berlin (Schönefeld), 1981–2010 normals, mga sukdulan 1957–kasalukuyan|metric first=Yes|single line=Yes|Jan record high C=15.1|Feb record high C=18.0|Mar record high C=25.8|Apr record high C=30.8|May record high C=32.7|Jun record high C=35.4|Jul record high C=37.3|Aug record high C=38.0|Sep record high C=32.3|Oct record high C=27.7|Nov record high C=20.4|Dec record high C=15.6|year record high C=38.0|Jan high C=2.8|Feb high C=4.3|Mar high C=8.7|Apr high C=14.3|May high C=19.4|Jun high C=22.0|Jul high C=24.6|Aug high C=24.2|Sep high C=19.3|Oct high C=13.8|Nov high C=7.3|Dec high C=3.3|year high C=13.7|Jan mean C=0.1|Feb mean C=0.9|Mar mean C=4.3|Apr mean C=9.0|May mean C=14.0|Jun mean C=16.8|Jul mean C=19.1|Aug mean C=18.5|Sep mean C=14.2|Oct mean C=9.4|Nov mean C=4.4|Dec mean C=1.0|year mean C=9.3|Jan low C=-2.8|Feb low C=-2.4|Mar low C=0.4|Apr low C=3.5|May low C=8.2|Jun low C=11.2|Jul low C=13.5|Aug low C=13.0|Sep low C=9.6|Oct low C=5.4|Nov low C=1.4|Dec low C=-1.6|year low C=5.0|Jan record low C=-25.3|Feb record low C=-22.0|Mar record low C=-16.0|Apr record low C=-7.4|May record low C=-2.8|Jun record low C=1.3|Jul record low C=4.9|Aug record low C=4.6|Sep record low C=-0.9|Oct record low C=-7.7|Nov record low C=-12.0|Dec record low C=-24.0|year record low C=-25.3|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=37.2|Feb precipitation mm=30.1|Mar precipitation mm=39.3|Apr precipitation mm=33.7|May precipitation mm=52.6|Jun precipitation mm=60.2|Jul precipitation mm=52.5|Aug precipitation mm=53.0|Sep precipitation mm=39.5|Oct precipitation mm=32.2|Nov precipitation mm=37.8|Dec precipitation mm=46.1|year precipitation mm=515.2|Jan sun=57.6|Feb sun=71.5|Mar sun=119.4|Apr sun=191.2|May sun=229.6|Jun sun=230.0|Jul sun=232.4|Aug sun=217.3|Sep sun=162.3|Oct sun=114.7|Nov sun=54.9|Dec sun=46.9|year sun=1727.6|Jan uv=1|Feb uv=1|Mar uv=2|Apr uv=4|May uv=5|Jun uv=6|Jul uv=6|Aug uv=5|Sep uv=4|Oct uv=2|Nov uv=1|Dec uv=0|source 1=[[DWD]]<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue
|title = Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte
|access-date = 2019-06-12
|archive-date = 12 June 2014
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140612043121/https://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue
|url-status = live
}}</ref> at Weather Atlas<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/berlin-climate|title=Berlin, Germany – Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast|last=d.o.o|first=Yu Media Group|website=Weather Atlas|language=en|access-date=2019-07-02|archive-date=25 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125121717/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/germany/berlin-climate|url-status=live}}</ref>}}{{Weather box|location=Berlin ([[Tempelhof]]), elevation: {{convert|48|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1971–2000 normals, extremes 1878–present|collapsed=y|metric first=yes|single line=yes|Jan record high C=15.5|Feb record high C=18.7|Mar record high C=24.8|Apr record high C=31.3|May record high C=35.5|Jun record high C=38.5|Jul record high C=38.1|Aug record high C=38.0|Sep record high C=34.2|Oct record high C=28.1|Nov record high C=20.5|Dec record high C=16.0|Jan high C=3.3|Feb high C=5.0|Mar high C=9.0|Apr high C=15.0|May high C=19.6|Jun high C=22.3|Jul high C=25.0|Aug high C=24.5|Sep high C=19.3|Oct high C=13.9|Nov high C=7.7|Dec high C=3.7|Jan mean C=0.6|Feb mean C=1.4|Mar mean C=4.8|Apr mean C=8.9|May mean C=14.3|Jun mean C=17.1|Jul mean C=19.2|Aug mean C=18.9|Sep mean C=14.5|Oct mean C=9.7|Nov mean C=4.7|Dec mean C=2.0|Jan low C=−1.9|Feb low C=−1.5|Mar low C=1.3|Apr low C=4.2|May low C=9.0|Jun low C=12.3|Jul low C=14.3|Aug low C=14.1|Sep low C=10.6|Oct low C=6.4|Nov low C=2.2|Dec low C=-0.4|Jan record low C=-23.1|Feb record low C=-26.0|Mar record low C=-16.5|Apr record low C=-8.1|May record low C=-4.0|Jun record low C=1.5|Jul record low C=6.1|Aug record low C=3.5|Sep record low C=-1.5|Oct record low C=-9.6|Nov record low C=-16.0|Dec record low C=-20.5|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=42.3|Feb precipitation mm=33.3|Mar precipitation mm=40.5|Apr precipitation mm=37.1|May precipitation mm=53.8|Jun precipitation mm=68.7|Jul precipitation mm=55.5|Aug precipitation mm=58.2|Sep precipitation mm=45.1|Oct precipitation mm=37.3|Nov precipitation mm=43.6|Dec precipitation mm=55.3|Jan precipitation days=10.0|Feb precipitation days=8.0|Mar precipitation days=9.1|Apr precipitation days=7.8|May precipitation days=8.9|Jun precipitation days=7.0|Jul precipitation days=7.0|Aug precipitation days=7.0|Sep precipitation days=7.8|Oct precipitation days=7.6|Nov precipitation days=9.6|Dec precipitation days=11.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|source 1=[[World Meteorological Organization|WMO]]<ref>{{cite web |url = https://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00059.htm |title = World Weather Information Service – Berlin |website = Worldweather.wmo.int |date = 5 October 2006 |access-date = 2012-04-07 |archive-date = 25 April 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130425001834/https://worldweather.wmo.int/016/c00059.htm |url-status = bot: unknown }} April 25, 2013, at the [[Wayback Machine]]</ref>|source 2=[[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web |url = https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php |title = Indices Data – Berlin/Tempelhof 2759 |access-date = 2019-05-13 |publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |archive-date = 9 July 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php |url-status = dead }}</ref>}}{{Weather box|collapsed=y|metric first=y|single line=y|location=Berlin ([[Dahlem (Berlin)|Dahlem]]), {{convert|58|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1961–1990 normals, extremes 1908–present{{NoteTag|Because the location of the [[weather station]] is furthest from the more densely urbanized region of Berlin and further away from the main [[Urban heat island|UHI]], its values will be somewhat higher, especially in the center and immediate regions.<ref>[https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/umweltatlas/ed413_13.htm Long-term Development of Selected Climate Parameters (Edition 2015)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308213004/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/umweltatlas/ed413_13.htm |date=8 March 2021 }}, Berlin Environmental Atlas. ''Senate Department for Urban Development and Housing''. Retrieved January 30, 2019.</ref>}}
<!--in the order as it appears in the table, not all of the following data may be available, especially records and days of precipitation -->|Jan record high C=15.2|Feb record high C=18.6|Mar record high C=25.1|Apr record high C=30.9|May record high C=33.3|Jun record high C=36.1|Jul record high C=37.9|Aug record high C=37.7|Sep record high C=34.2|Oct record high C=27.5|Nov record high C=19.5|Dec record high C=15.7|Jan mean C=-0.4|Feb mean C=0.6|Mar mean C=4.0|Apr mean C=8.4|May mean C=13.5|Jun mean C=16.7|Jul mean C=17.9|Aug mean C=17.2|Sep mean C=13.5|Oct mean C=9.3|Nov mean C=4.6|Dec mean C=1.2|Jan high C=1.8|Feb high C=3.5|Mar high C=7.9|Apr high C=13.1|May high C=18.6|Jun high C=21.8|Jul high C=23.1|Aug high C=22.8|Sep high C=18.7|Oct high C=13.3|Nov high C=7.0|Dec high C=3.2|Jan low C=-2.9|Feb low C=-2.2|Mar low C=0.5|Apr low C=3.9|May low C=8.2|Jun low C=11.4|Jul low C=12.9|Aug low C=12.4|Sep low C=9.4|Oct low C=5.9|Nov low C=2.1|Dec low C=-1.1|Jan record low C=-21.0|Feb record low C=-26.0|Mar record low C=-16.5|Apr record low C=-6.7|May record low C=-2.9|Jun record low C=0.8|Jul record low C=5.4|Aug record low C=4.7|Sep record low C=-0.5|Oct record low C=-9.6|Nov record low C=-16.1|Dec record low C=-20.2|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=43.0|Feb precipitation mm=37.0|Mar precipitation mm=38.0|Apr precipitation mm=42.0|May precipitation mm=55.0|Jun precipitation mm=71.0|Jul precipitation mm=53.0|Aug precipitation mm=65.0|Sep precipitation mm=46.0|Oct precipitation mm=36.0|Nov precipitation mm=50.0|Dec precipitation mm=55.0|Jan sun=45.4|Feb sun=72.3|Mar sun=122.0|Apr sun=157.7|May sun=221.6|Jun sun=220.9|Jul sun=217.9|Aug sun=210.2|Sep sun=156.3|Oct sun=110.9|Nov sun=52.4|Dec sun=37.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=10.0|Feb precipitation days=9.0|Mar precipitation days=8.0|Apr precipitation days=9.0|May precipitation days=10.0|Jun precipitation days=10.0|Jul precipitation days=9.0|Aug precipitation days=9.0|Sep precipitation days=9.0|Oct precipitation days=8.0|Nov precipitation days=10.0|Dec precipitation days=11.0|source 1=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="noaa">{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/DL/10381.TXT
| title = Berlin (10381) – WMO Weather Station
| access-date = 2019-01-30
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
}}{{dead link|date=June 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [https://archive.org/details/19611990NormalsNOAABerlin Archived] January 30, 2019, at the [[Wayback Machine]]</ref>|source 2=Berliner Extremwerte<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm |title = Berliner Extremwerte |access-date = 1 December 2014 |archive-date = 6 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200606191249/https://www.berliner-extremwerte.com/Berliner-Extremwerte.htm |url-status = live }}</ref>}}
=== Tanawin ng lungsod ===
[[Talaksan:16-07-04-Abflug-Berlin-DSC_0122.jpg|thumb|Larawang panghimpapawid sa gitna ng Berlin na nagpapakita ng [[Lungsod Kanluran|City West]], [[Potsdamer Platz]], [[Alexanderplatz]], at ang [[Tiergarten (liwasan)|Tiergarten]]]]
Ang kasaysayan ng Berlin ay nag-iwan sa lungsod ng isang [[wiktionary:polycentric|polisentrikong]] pagkakaayos at isang napakaeklektikong hanay ng arkitektura at mga gusali. Ang hitsura ng lungsod ngayon ay higit na nahubog ng pangunahing papel na ginampanan nito sa kasaysayan ng Germany noong ika-20 siglo. Lahat ng pambansang pamahalaan na nakabase sa Berlin{{Spaced en dash}}ang Kaharian ng Prusya, ang Ikalawang Imperyong Aleman ng 1871, ang Republikang Weimar, Alemanyang Nazi, Silangang Alemanya, pati na rin ang muling pinagsamang Alemanya{{Spaced en dash}}nagpasimula ng mga ambisyosong programa sa muling pagtatayo, na ang bawat isa ay nagdaragdag ng sarili nitong natatanging estilo sa arkitektura ng lungsod.
Sinalanta ang Berlin ng mga [[Pambobomba sa Berlin noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|pagsalakay sa himpapawid]], sunog, at labanan sa kalye noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, at marami sa mga gusaling nakaligtas sa parehong Silangan at Kanluran ay giniba noong panahon pagkatapos ng digmaan. Karamihan sa demolisyong ito ay pinasimulan ng mga programa sa arkitektura ng munisipyo upang magtayo ng mga bagong distrito ng negosyo o tirahan at ang mga pangunahing arterya. Karamihan sa mga [[Palamuti (sining)|palamuti]] sa mga gusali bago ang digmaan ay nawasak kasunod ng mga [[Palamuti at krimen|makabagong dogma]], at sa parehong mga sistema pagkatapos ng digmaan, gayundin sa muling pinagsamang Berlin, maraming mahahalagang estrukturang pamana ang ang [[Rekonstruksiyon (arkitektura)|muling itinayo]], kabilang ang ''Forum Fridericianum'' kasama ang, [[Operang Estatal ng Berlin|Operang Estatal]] (1955), [[Palasyo ng Charlottenburg|Palasyo Charlottenburg]] (1957), ang mga monumental na gusali sa [[Gendarmenmarkt]] (dekada '80), [[Alte Komandantur|Kommandantur]] (2003), at gayundin ang proyekto sa muling pagtatayo ng mga barokong patsada ng [[Palasyo ng Berlin|Palasyo ng Lungsod]]. Maraming mga bagong gusali ang naging inspirasyon ng kanilang makasaysayang mga nauna o ang pangkalahatang klasikal na estilo ng Berlin, gaya ng [[Otel Adlon]].
Ang mga kumpol ng mga [[Talaan ng mga pinakamataas na gusali sa Berlin|tore]] ay tumaas sa iba't ibang lokasyon: [[Potsdamer Platz]], ang [[Lungsod Kanluran|City West]], at [[Alexanderplatz]], ang huling dalawa ay naglalarawan sa mga dating sentro ng Silangan at Kanlurang Berlin, na ang una ay kumakatawan sa isang bagong Berlin noong ika-21 siglo, na bumangon mula sa mga guho no-man's land ng Pader ng Berlin. Ang Berlin ay may lima sa nangungunang 50 [[Talaan ng mga pinakamataas na gusali sa Alemanya|pinakamataas na gusali]] sa Alemanya.
Mahigit sa sangkatlo ng sakop ng lungsod ay binubuo ng luntiang espasyo, kakahuyan, at tubig.<ref name="gruen2">{{Cite web |last=Senatsverwaltung für Umwelt, Verkehr und Klimaschutz Berlin, Referat Freiraumplanung und Stadtgrün |title=Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin |url=https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225003118/https://www.berlin.de/senuvk/umwelt/stadtgruen/gruenanlagen/de/daten_fakten/downloads/ausw_5.pdf |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=2020-01-10}}</ref> Ang pangalawang pinakamalaking at pinakasikat na liwasan ng Berlin, ang [[Tiergarten (liwasan)|Großer Tiergarten]], ay matatagpuan sa gitna mismo ng lungsod. Sinasaklaw nito ang isang lugar na 210 ektarya at umaabot mula [[Himpilan ng tren ng Berlin Zoologischer Garten|Bahnhof Zoo]] sa City West hanggang sa [[Tarangkahang Brandeburgo]] sa silangan.
Kabilang sa mga tanyag na kalye, ang [[Unter den Linden]] at [[Friedrichstraße]] ay matatagpuan sa lumang sentro ng lungsod (at kasama sa dating Silangang Berlin). Ang ilan sa pangunahing kalye sa City West ay ang [[Kurfürstendamm]] (o pinaikling Ku´damm) at [[Kantstraße]].
=== Arkitektura ===
[[Talaksan:Gendarmenmarkt_Panorama.jpg|thumb|Panorama ng [[Gendarmenmarkt]], na nagpapakita ng [[Konzerthaus Berlin]], nasa gilid ng [[Neue Kirche, Berlin|Simbahang Aleman]] (kaliwa) at [[Katedral na Pranses, Berlin|Simbahang Pranses]] (kanan)]]
[[Talaksan:Berliner_Dom_seen_from_James_Simon_Park.jpg|thumb|Ang [[Katedral ng Berlin]] sa [[Pulo ng mga Museo]]]]
Ang [[Fernsehturm Berlin|Fernsehturm]] (tore ng TV) sa [[Alexanderplatz]] sa [[Mitte]] ay kabilang sa pinakamataas na estruktura sa Unyong Europeo sa {{Cvt|368|m}}. Itinayo noong 1969, makikita ito sa karamihan ng mga sentral na distrito ng Berlin. Ang lungsod ay makikita mula sa {{Convert|204|m|ft|-high}} palapag ng pagmamasid. Simula rito, ang [[Karl-Marx-Allee]] ay patungo sa silangan, isang abenida na may linya ng mga monumental na gusali ng tirahan, na dinisenyo sa istilong [[Arkitekturang Stalinista|Sosyalismong Klasisismo]]. Katabi ng lugar na ito ay ang [[Rotes Rathaus]] (Bulwagang Panlungsod), na may natatanging pulang-ladrilyong arkitektura nito. Sa harap nito ay ang [[Neptunbrunnen]], isang balong na nagtatampok ng mitolohikong pangkat ng mga [[Triton (mitolohiya)|Triton]], mga [[personipikasyon]] ng apat na pangunahing Prusong ilog, at [[Neptuno (mitolohiya)|Neptuno]] sa ibabaw nito.
Ang [[Tarangkahang Brandeburgo]] ay isang ikonikong tanawin ng Berlin at Alemanya; ito ay tumatayo bilang isang simbolo ng pangyayaring Europeo at ng pagkakaisa at kapayapaan. Ang [[gusaling Reichstag]] ay ang tradisyonal na luklukan ng Parlamentong Aleman. Hinubog muli ito ng arkitektrong Briton na si [[Norman Foster (arkitekto)|Norman Foster]] noong dekada '90 at nagtatampok ng salaming simboryo sa ibabaw ng pook ng pagpupulong, na nagbibigay-daan sa libreng pampublikong tanaw sa mga pinagdadausang parlamento at magagandang tanawin ng lungsod.
Ang [[Galeriyang East Side]] ay isang open-air na eksibisyong sining na direktang ipininta sa mga huling bahagi ng Pader ng Berlin. Ito ang pinakamalaking natitirang ebidensiya ng makasaysayang dibisyon ng lungsod.
Ang [[Gendarmenmarkt]] ay isang [[Arkitekturang Neoklasiko|neoklasikong liwasan]] sa Berlin, ang pangalan ay nagmula sa punong-tanggapan ng sikat na Gens d'armes regiment na matatagpuan dito noong ika-18 siglo. Dalawang katulad na disenyong katedral ang hangganan nito, ang [[Französischer Dom]] kasama ang platapormang pang-obserbasyon nito at ang [[Deutscher Dom]]. Ang Konzerthaus (Bulwagang Pangkonsiyerto), tahanan ng Orkestra Sinfonika ng Berlin, ay nakatayo sa pagitan ng dalawang katedral.
[[Talaksan:MJK_46430_Schloss_Charlottenburg.jpg|left|thumb|[[Palasyo Charlottenburg]]]]
[[Talaksan:Berlin_Hackesche_Höfe1.jpg|left|thumb|[[Hackesche Höfe]]]]
Ang [[Pulo ng mga Museo]] sa [[Spree (ilog)|Ilog Spree]] ay naglalaman ng [[Berlin#Mga%20museo|limang museo]] na itinayo mula 1830 hanggang 1930 at isang [[Tala ng mga Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook sa Alemanya|Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]] ng [[UNESCO]]. Ang pagpapanumbalik at pagtatayo ng isang pangunahing lagusan sa lahat ng mga museo, pati na rin ang muling pagtatayo ng [[Stadtschloss, Berlin|Stadtschloss]] ay nagpapatuloy.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2011 |title=Neumann: Stadtschloss wird teurer |trans-title=Neumann: Palace is getting more expensive |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200703/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/neumann--stadtschloss-wird-teurer,10917074,10924086.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=7 April 2012 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2010 |title=Das Pathos der Berliner Republik |trans-title=The pathos of the Berlin republic |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203200702/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/die-nullerjahre--nation-building---der-wiedervereinigte-staat-baut-sich-eine-neue-hauptstadt-das-pathos-der-berliner-republik,10810590,10717494.html |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=7 April 2012 |website=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |language=de}}</ref> Gayundin sa pulo at sa tabi ng [[Lustgarten]] at palasyo ay ang [[Katedral ng Berlin]], ang ambisyosong pagtatangka ni emperador Guillermo II na lumikha ng Protestanteng karibal sa [[Basilika ni San Pedro]] sa Roma. Ang isang malaking kripta ay naglalaman ng mga labi ng ilan sa mga naunang Prusong maharlikang pamilya. Ang [[Katedral ni Santa Eduvigis]] ay ang Katoliko Romanong katedral ng Berlin.
[[Talaksan:Bikinihaus_Berlin-1210760.jpg|thumb|Ang [[Breitscheidplatz]] kasama ang [[Pang-alaalang Katedral ni Kaiser Guillermo]] ay ang sentro ng [[Lungsod Kanluran|City West]].]]
Ang [[Unter den Linden]] ay isang silangan–kanlurang abenidang nalilinyahan ng mga puno na mula sa Tarangkahang Brandeburgo hanggang sa pook ng dating Berliner Stadtschloss, at dating pangunahing promenada ng Berlin. Maraming Klasikong gusali ang nakahanay sa kalye, at naroon ang bahagi ng [[Unibersidad ng Berlin Humboldt|Pamantasang Humboldt]]. Ang [[Friedrichstraße]] ay ang maalamat na kalye ng Berlin noong [[Ginintuang Dekada Beynte]]. Pinagsasama nito ang mga tradisyon ng ika-20 siglo sa modernong arkitektura ng Berlin ngayon.
Ang [[Potsdamer Platz]] ay isang buong kuwarto na binuo mula sa simula pagkatapos bumaba ang [[Pader ng Berlin|Pader]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction and redevelopment since 1990 |url=https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610103008/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/baubilanz/en/potsdamer_platz.html |archive-date=10 June 2008 |access-date=18 August 2008 |publisher=Senate Department of Urban Development}}</ref> Sa kanluran ng Potsdamer Platz ay ang Kulturforum, na naglalaman ng [[Gemäldegalerie, Berlin|Gemäldegalerie]], at nasa gilid ng [[Neue Nationalgalerie]] at ng [[Berliner Philharmonie]] . Ang [[Alaala sa mga Pinaslang na Hudyo ng Europa]], isang alaalang pang-[[Holokausto]], ay nasa hilaga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ouroussoff |first=Nicolai |date=9 May 2005 |title=A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable |work=The New York Times |url=https://travel2.nytimes.com/2005/05/09/arts/design/09holo.html |access-date=18 August 2008}}</ref>
Ang lugar sa paligid ng [[Hackescher Markt]] ay tahanan ng mga kulturang moda, na may 'di-mabilang na mga bilihan ng damit, club, bar, at galeriya. Kabilang dito ang [[Hackesche Höfe]], isang kalipunan ng mga gusali sa paligid ng ilang patyo, na muling itinayo noong 1996. Ang kalapit na [[Bagong Sinagoga, Berlin|Bagong Sinagoga]] ay ang sentro ng kultura ng mga Hudyo.
Ang [[Straße des 17. Juni]], na nagkokonekta sa Tarangkahang Brandeburgo at Ernst-Reuter-Platz, ay nagsisilbing gitnang silangan-kanlurang axis. Ang pangalan nito ay ginugunita ang mga [[Pag-aalsa noong 1953 sa Silangang Alemanya|pag-aalsa sa Silangang Berlin noong Hunyo 17, 1953]]. Humigit-kumulang sa kalahati mula sa Tarangkahang Brandeburgo ay ang Großer Stern, isang isla ng sirkulong trapiko kung saan matatagpuan ang [[Haligi ng Tagumpay sa Berlin|Siegessäule]] (Haligi ng Tagumpay). Ang monumentong ito, na itinayo upang gunitain ang mga tagumpay ng Prusya, ay inilipat noong 1938–39 mula sa dati nitong posisyon sa harap ng Reichstag.
Ang [[Kurfürstendamm]] ay tahanan ng ilan sa mga mararangyang tindahan ng Berlin kung saan ang [[Pang-alaalang simbahan ni Kaiser Guillermo]] sa silangang dulo nito sa [[Breitscheidplatz]] . Ang simbahan ay nawasaknoonga Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig at iniwang sira. Ang malapit sa Tauentzienstraße ay ang [[KaDeWe]], na sinasabing pinakamalaking department store sa kontinental na Europa. Ang [[Rathaus Schöneberg]], kung saan ginawa ni [[John F. Kennedy]] ang kaniyang tanyag na talumpating "[[Ich bin ein Berliner]]!", ay nasa [[Tempelhof-Schöneberg]].
Kanluran ng sentro, ang [[Palasyo Bellevue, Alemanya|Palasyo Bellevue]] ay ang tirahan ng Pangulo ng Alemanya. Ang [[Palasyo Charlottenburg]], na nasunog noong Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, ay ang pinakamalaking makasaysayang palasyo sa Berlin.
Ang [[Funkturm Berlin]] ay isang {{Convert|150|m|ft|-tall}} lattice tore ng radyo sa pook fairground, na itinayo sa pagitan ng 1924 at 1926. Ito ang tanging toreng pang-obserbasyon na nakatayo sa mga insulator at may restawran {{Cvt|55|m}} at isang larangang pantanaw {{Cvt|126|m}} sa ibabaw ng lupa, na mapupuntahan ng elevator na may bintana.
Ang [[Oberbaumbrücke]] sa ibabaw ng ilog Spree ay ang pinakaikonikong tulay ng Berlin, na nag-uugnay sa pinagsama-samang mga boro ng [[Friedrichshain]] at [[Kreuzberg]]. Nagdadala ito ng mga sasakyan, tao, at linyang U1 ng [[Berlin U-Bahn]]. Ang tulay ay nakumpleto sa isang estilong [[ladrilyong gotiko]] noong 1896, na pinapalitan ang dating kahoy na tulay na may isang pang-itaas na daanan para sa U-Bahn. Ang gitnang bahagi ay giniba noong 1945 upang pigilan ang [[Hukbong Pula|Pulang Hukbo]] sa pagtawid. Pagkatapos ng digmaan, ang inayos na tulay ay nagsilbing [[Mga tawiran sa hangganan ng Berlin|checkpoint at tawiran sa hangganan]] sa pagitan ng mga sektor ng Sobyetiko at Amerikano, at kalaunan sa pagitan ng Silangan at Kanlurang Berlin. Noong kalagitnaan ng dekada '50, ito ay sarado sa mga sasakyan, at pagkatapos ng pagtatayo ng Pader ng Berlin noong 1961, ang trapiko ng tao ay mahigpit na pinaghigpitan. Kasunod ng muling pagsasama-samang Aleman, ang gitnang bahagi ay muling itinayo gamit ang isang kuwadrong asero, at ipinagpatuloy ang serbisyo ng U-Bahn noong 1995.
== Demograpiya ==
[[Talaksan:Berlin_population2.svg|left|thumb|Populasyon ng Berlin, 1880–2012]]
Sa pagtatapos ng 2018, ang lungsod-estado ng Berlin ay mayroong 3.75 milyong rehistradong naninirahan<ref name="pop-detail3">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> sa isang lugar na {{Cvt|891.1|km2}}. Ang densidad ng populasyon ng lungsod ay 4,206 na naninirahan bawat km<sup>2</sup>. Ang Berlin ang [[Talaan ng mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Unyong Europeo ayon sa populasyon sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng lungsod|pinakamataong lungsod]] sa [[Unyong Europeo]]. Noong 2019, ang urbanong sakop ng Berlin ay may humigit-kumulang 4.5 milyong naninirahan. {{Magmula noong|2019}} ang [[Kalakhang sonang urbano|gumaganang urbanong pook]] ay tahanan ng humigit-kumulang 5.2 milyong tao.<ref>[https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – functional urban areas, Eurostat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903213351/https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=urb_lpop1&lang=en|date=3 September 2015}}.</ref> Ang buong [[Kalakhang Rehiyon ng Berlin/Brandeburgo|rehiyon ng kabisera ng Berlin-Brandeburgo]] ay may populasyon na higit sa 6 milyon sa isang lugar na {{Cvt|30546|km2|0}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2020 |title=Initiativkreis Europäische Metropolregionen in Deutschland: Berlin-Brandenburg |url=https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190817083458/https://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/mitglieder/berlin-brandenburg/ |archive-date=17 August 2019 |access-date=6 February 2013 |website=www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org}}</ref>{{Historical populations|1721|65300|1750|113289|1800|172132|1815|197717|1825|220277|1840|330230|1852|438958|1861|547571|1871|826341|1880|1122330|1890|1578794|1900|1888848|1910|2071257|1920|3879409|1925|4082778|1933|4221024|1939|4330640|1945|3064629|1950|3336026|1960|3274016|1970|3208719|1980|3048759|1990|3433695|2000|3382169|2010|3460725|53=2020|54=3664088}}Noong 2014, ang lungsod-estado na Berlin ay nagkaroon ng 37,368 buhay na panganak (+6.6%), isang rekord na bilang mula noong 1991. Ang bilang ng mga namatay ay 32,314. Halos 2.0 milyong kabahayan ang binilang sa lungsod. 54 porsiyento ng mga ito ay mga sambahayang iisa ang naninirahan. Mahigit sa 337,000 pamilya na may mga batang wala pang 18 taong gulang ang nanirahan sa Berlin. Noong 2014, ang kabeserang Aleman ay nagrehistro ng dagdag sa paglipat ng humigit-kumulang 40,000 katao.<ref>[https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_en_2015_be.pdf statistics Berlin Brandenburg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315084534/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_en_2015_be.pdf|date=15 March 2016}}. www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de Retrieved 10 October 2016.</ref>
=== Mga nasyonalidad ===
{| class="infobox" style="float:right;"
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''Mga residente ayon sa Pagkamamamayan''' <small>(31 Disyembre 2019)</small> <ref name="pop-detail6">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref>
|-
!Bansa
!Populasyon
|-
|Kabuuang mga rehistradong residente
|3,769,495
|-
|{{Flag|Germany}}
|2,992,150
|-
|{{Flag|Turkey}}
|98,940
|-
|{{Flag|Poland}}
|56,573
|-
|{{Flag|Syria}}
|39,813
|-
|{{Flag|Italy}}
|31,573
|-
|{{Flag|Bulgaria}}
|30,824
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|26,640
|-
|{{Flag|Romania}}
|24,264
|-
|{{Flag|United States}}
|22,694
|-
|{{Flag|Vietnam}}
|20,572
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|20,223
|-
|{{Flag|Serbia}}
|20,109
|-
|{{Flag|United Kingdom}}
|16,751
|-
|{{Flag|Spain}}
|15,045
|-
|{{Flag|Greece}}
|14,625
|-
|{{Flag|Croatia}}
|14,430
|-
|{{Flag|India}}
|13,450
|-
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
|13,410
|-
|{{Flag|Afghanistan}}
|13,301
|-
|{{Flag|China}}
|13,293
|-
|{{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
|12,691
|-
|Iba pang Gitnang Silangan at Asya
|88,241
|-
|Ibang Europa
|80,807
|-
|Africa
|36,414
|-
|Iba pang mga America
|27,491
|-
|Oceania at [[Antarctica]]
|5,651
|-
|Walang estado o Hindi Malinaw
|24,184
|}
Ang pambansa at pandaigdigang paglipat sa lungsod ay may mahabang kasaysayan. Noong 1685, pagkatapos ng pagpapawalang-bisa ng [[Kautusan ng Nantes]] sa Pransiya, tumugon ang lungsod sa pamamagitan ng [[Kautusan ng Potsdam]], na ginagarantiyahan ang kalayaan sa relihiyon at katayuang walang buwis sa mga Pranses na Huguenot na bakwit sa loob ng sampung taon. Ang [[Batas ng Kalakhang Berlin]] noong 1920 ay nagsama ng maraming suburb at nakapalibot na mga lungsod ng Berlin. Binuo nito ang karamihan sa teritoryo na binubuo ng modernong Berlin at pinalaki ang populasyon mula sa 1.9 milyon hanggang 4 milyon.
Ang aktibong imigrasyon at asilo na politika sa Kanlurang Berlin ay naghudyat ng mga alon ng imigrasyon noong dekada '60 at '70. Ang Berlin ay tahanan ng hindi bababa sa 180,000 residenteng [[Mga Turko|Turko]] at [[Mga Turko sa Alemanya|Turko-Aleman]],<ref name="pop-detail4">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> na ginagawa itong pinakamalaking komunidad ng Turko sa labas ng Turkiya. Noong dekada '90 ang ''Aussiedlergesetze ay'' nagbigay-daan sa imigrasyon sa Alemanya ng ilang residente mula sa dating [[Unyong Sobyetiko]]. Sa ngayon, ang mga etnikong [[Kasaysayan ng mga Aleman sa Rusya, Ukranya, at Unyong Sobyetiko|Aleman]] mula sa mga bansa ng dating Unyong Sobyetiko ang bumubuo sa pinakamalaking bahagi ng komunidad na nagsasalita ng Ruso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dmitry Bulgakov |date=11 March 2001 |title=Berlin is speaking Russians' language |url=https://www.russiajournal.com/node/4653 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406142034/https://www.russiajournal.com/node/4653 |archive-date=6 April 2013 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=Russiajournal.com}}</ref> Ang huling dekada ay nakaranas ng pagdagsa mula sa iba't ibang bansa sa Kanluran at ilang rehiyon sa Africa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Heilwagen |first=Oliver |date=28 October 2001 |title=Berlin wird farbiger. Die Afrikaner kommen – Nachrichten Welt am Sonntag – Welt Online |language=de |work=Die Welt |url=https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515022639/https://www.welt.de/print-wams/article616463/Berlin_wird_farbiger_Die_Afrikaner_kommen.html |archive-date=15 May 2011}}</ref> Ang isang bahagi ng mga imigranteng Aprikano ay nanirahan sa [[Afrikanisches Viertel]].<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=6 February 2009|title=Zweites Afrika-Magazin "Afrikanisches Viertel" erschienen Bezirksbürgermeister Dr. Christian Hanke ist Schirmherr|url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html|location=Berlin|publisher=berlin.de|access-date=27 September 2016|archive-date=21 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021050530/https://www.berlin.de/ba-mitte/aktuell/presse/archiv/20090206.1305.119894.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Ang mga batang Aleman, EU-Europeo, at Israeli ay nanirahan na rin sa lungsod.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=12 December 2014 |title=Hummus in the Prenzlauer Berg |url=https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg |url-status=live |journal=The Jewish Week |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230010937/https://www.thejewishweek.com/special-sections/jewish-journeys/hummus-prenzlauer-berg |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014}}</ref>
Noong Disyembre 2019, mayroong 777,345 na rehistradong residente ng dayuhang nasyonalidad at dagdag pang 542,975 mamamayang Aleman na may "pinanggalingang imgrante" ''(Migrationshintergrund, MH)'',<ref name="pop-detail5">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> ibig-sabihin sila o ang isa sa kanilang mga magulang ay nandayuhan sa Alemanya pagkatapos ng 1955. Ang mga dayuhang residente ng Berlin ay nagmula sa mga 190 bansa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2011 |title=457 000 Ausländer aus 190 Staaten in Berlin gemeldet |trans-title=457,000 Foreigners from 190 Countries Registered in Berlin |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428201553/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/berlin/article104791484/457-000-Auslaender-aus-190-Staaten-in-Berlin-gemeldet.html |archive-date=28 April 2019 |access-date=28 April 2019 |website=[[Berliner Morgenpost]] |language=de}}</ref> 48 porsiyento ng mga residenteng wala pang 15 taong gulang ay may pinagmulang imigrante.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fast jeder Dritte in Berlin hat einen Migrationshintergrund |url=https://www.rbb-online.de/politik/beitrag/2017/05/migrationshintergrund-berlin-jeder-dritte.html |website=www.rbb-online.de}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ang Berlin noong 2009 ay tinatayang mayroong 100,000 hanggang 250,000 hindi rehistradong mga naninirahan.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Von Andrea Dernbach |date=23 February 2009 |title=Migration: Berlin will illegalen Einwanderern helfen – Deutschland – Politik – Tagesspiegel |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |publisher=Tagesspiegel.de |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/deutschland/berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131251/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/migration-berlin-will-illegalen-einwanderern-helfen/1452916.html |archive-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> Ang mga Boro ng Berlin na may malaking bilang ng mga migrante o populasyon na ipinanganak sa ibang bansa ay ang [[Mitte]], [[Neukölln]], at [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 September 2016 |title=Zahl der Ausländer in Berlin steigt auf Rekordhoch |url=https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804053354/https://jungefreiheit.de/politik/deutschland/2016/zahl-der-auslaender-in-berlin-steigt-auf-rekordhoch/ |archive-date=4 August 2017 |access-date=13 June 2017 |website=jungefreiheit.de |language=de}}</ref>
Mayroong higit sa 20 hindi katutubong komunidad na may populasyong hindi bababa sa 10,000 katao, kabilang ang mga [[Mga Turko sa Berlin|Turko]], Polako, Ruso, Lebanes, Palestino, Serbio, Italyano, Indiyano, Bosnio, [[Pamayanang Biyetnames ng Berlin|Biyetnames]], Amerikano, Rumano, Bulgari, Croata, Tsino, Austriako, Ukrano, Pranses, Briton, Españo, Israeli, Thai, Irani, Ehipsiyo, at Siryo na mga komunidad.
=== Mga wika ===
Ang Aleman ay ang opisyal at nangingibabaw na sinasalitang wika sa Berlin. Ito ay isang [[Mga wikang Kanlurang Aleman|wikang Kanlurang Aleman]] na nagmula ang karamihan ng bokabularyo nito mula sa sangay ng Aleman ng pamilya ng wikang [[Mga wikang Indo-Europeo|Indo-Europeo]]. Ang Aleman ay isa sa 24 na wika ng Unyong Europeo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=European Commission |title=Official Languages |url=https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926004848/https://ec.europa.eu/languages/policy/linguistic-diversity/official-languages-eu_en.htm |archive-date=26 September 2014 |access-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> at isa sa tatlong [[wikang pantrabaho]] ng [[Komisyong Europeo]].
Ang Berlinerisch o Berlinisch ay hindi isang diyalekto sa lingguwistika. Ito ay sinasalita sa Berlin at sa [[Kalakhang Rehiyon ng Berlin/Brandeburgo|nakapaligid na kalakhang pook]]. Nagmula ito sa isang [[Diyalektong Brandeburges|Brandeburges]] na varyant. Ang diyalekto ay nakikita na ngayon na mas katulad ng isang [[sosyolekto]], higit sa lahat sa pamamagitan ng pagtaas ng imigrasyon at mga uso sa mga edukadong populasyon na magsalita ng [[karaniwang Aleman]] sa pang-araw-araw na buhay.
Ang pinakakaraniwang ginagamit na wikang banyaga sa Berlin ay Turko, Polako, Ingles, Persa, Arabe, Italyano, Bulgaro, Ruso, Rumano, Kurdo, Serbo-Croata, Pranses, Español, at Biyentames. Mas madalas na naririnig ang Truko, Arabe, Kurdo, at Serbo-Croata sa kanlurang bahagi dahil sa malalaking komunidad ng Gitnang Silangan at dating Yugoslavia. Ang Polako, Ingles, Ruso, at Biyetnames ay may mas maraming katutubong nagsasalita sa Silangang Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2010 |title=Studie – Zwei Millionen Berliner sprechen mindestens zwei Sprachen – Wirtschaft – Berliner Morgenpost – Berlin |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/wirtschaft/article1309952/Zwei-Millionen-Berliner-sprechen-mindestens-zwei-Sprachen.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522160634/https://www.morgenpost.de/printarchiv/wirtschaft/article1309952/Zwei-Millionen-Berliner-sprechen-mindestens-zwei-Sprachen.html |archive-date=22 May 2011 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Morgenpost.de}}</ref>
=== Relihiyon ===
Ayon sa senso noong 2011, humigit-kumulang 37 porsiyento ng populasyon ang nag-ulat na mga miyembro ng isang legal na kinikilalang simbahan o relihiyosong organisasyon. Ang iba ay hindi kabilang sa naturang organisasyon, o walang impormasyong makukuha hinggil sa kanila.<ref name="Census 2011">{{Cite web |title=Zensus 2011 – Bevölkerung und Haushalte – Bundesland Berlin |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303193809/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/zensus/gdb/bev/be/11_Berlin_bev.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=23 February 2019 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=6–7 |language=de}}</ref>
Ang pinakamalaking relihiyong denominasyon na naitala noong 2010 ay ang [[Protestantismo|Protestanteng]] [[Landeskirche|rehiyonal na samahang simbahan]] —ang [[Ebanghelikong Simbahan ng Berlin-Brandeburgo-Mataas na Lusacia Silesiana]] (EKBO) —isang [[Iisa at nagkakaisang simbahan|nagkakaisang simbahan]]. Ang EKBO ay miyembro ng [[Simbahang Ebanghelika sa Alemanya|Simbahang Ebanghelika sa Alemanya (EKD)]] at [[Union Evangelischer Kirchen|Union Evangelischer Kirchen (UEK)]]. Ayon sa EKBO, ang kanilang kasapian ay umabot sa 18.7 porsyento ng lokal na populasyon, habang ang [[Simbahang Katolikong Romano]] ay mayroong 9.1 porsyento ng mga residenteng nakarehistro bilang mga miyembro nito.<ref name="kirchenmitglieder2010">{{Cite web |date=November 2011 |title=Kirchenmitgliederzahlen am 31.12.2010 |trans-title=Church membership on 31 December 2010 |url=https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209204513/https://www.ekd.de/ekd_de/ds_doc/Ber_Kirchenmitglieder_2010.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2018 |access-date=10 March 2012 |publisher=[[Evangelical Church in Germany]] |language=de}}</ref> Humigit-kumulang 2.7% ng populasyon ang nakikilala sa iba pang mga denominasyong Kristiyano (karamihan sa [[Simbahang Ortodokso ng Silangan|Silangang Ortodokso]], ngunit iba't ibang mga Protestante rin).<ref name="klStatistik2010">{{Cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Die kleine Berlin–Statistik 2010 |trans-title=The small Berlin statistic 2010 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085946/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=4 January 2011 |publisher=[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg]] |language=de}}</ref> Ayon sa rehistro ng mga residente ng Berlin, noong 2018, 14.9 porsiyento ay miyembro ng Simbahang Ebanghelika, at 8.5 porsiyento ay miyembro ng Simbahang Katolika.<ref name="pop-detail7">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref> Ang gobyerno ay nagpapanatili ng rehistro ng mga miyembro ng mga simbahang ito para sa mga layunin ng buwis, dahil kinokolekta nito ang [[buwis sa simbahan]] sa ngalan ng mga simbahan. Hindi ito nag-iingat ng mga rekord ng mga miyembro ng ibang relihiyosong organisasyon na maaaring mangolekta ng kanilang sariling buwis sa simbahan, sa ganitong paraan.
Noong 2009, humigit-kumulang 249,000 [[Muslim]] ang iniulat ng [[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg|Tanggapan ng Estadistika]] na mga miyembro ng mga Masjid at Islamikong relihiyosong organisasyon sa Berlin,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statistisches Jahrbuch für Berlin 2010 |trans-title=Statistical yearbook for Berlin 2010 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120202750/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/jahrbuch/jb2010/JB_201004_BE.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2012 |access-date=10 February 2013 |publisher=[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg]] |language=de}}</ref> habang noong 2016, tinatantya ng pahayagang ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]'' na humigit-kumulang 350,000 Muslim ang nag-obserba ng [[Ramadan]] sa Berlin.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Melanie |date=6 June 2016 |title=Ramadan in Flüchtlingsheimen und Schulen in Berlin |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html |url-status=live |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212013247/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html |archive-date=12 December 2019}}</ref> Noong 2019, humigit-kumulang 437,000 rehistradong residente, 11.6% ng kabuuan, ang nag-ulat na mayroong pinanggalingan sa paglilipat mula sa isa sa mga [[Mga miyembrong estado ng Organisasyon ng Kooperasyong Islamiko|estadong Miyembro ng Organisasyon ng Kooperasyong Islamiko]].<ref name="pop-detail8">{{Cite web |title=Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. Dezember 2019 |trans-title=Statistical Report: Residents in the state of Berlin on 31 December 2019 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223110544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/publikationen/stat_berichte/2020/SB_A01-05-00_2019h02_BE.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |website=[[Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg]] |pages=4, 10, 13, 18–22 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Melanie |date=6 June 2016 |title=Ramadan in Flüchtlingsheimen und Schulen in Berlin |language=de |trans-title=Ramadan in refugee camps and schools in Berlin |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712125538/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/muslime-im-fastenmonat-ramadan-in-fluechtlingsheimen-und-schulen-in-berlin/13696160.html |archive-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> Sa pagitan ng 1992 at 2011 halos dumoble ang populasyon ng Muslim.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schupelius |first=Gunnar |date=28 May 2015 |title=Wird der Islam künftig die stärkste Religion in Berlin sein? |work=[[Berliner Zeitung]] |url=https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein |url-status=live |access-date=13 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170603092248/https://www.bz-berlin.de/berlin/kolumne/wird-der-islam-kuenftig-die-staerkste-religion-in-berlin-sein |archive-date=3 June 2017}}</ref>
Humigit-kumulang 0.9% ng mga Berlines ay kabilang sa ibang mga relihiyon. Sa tinatayang populasyon na 30,000–45,000 na mga residenteng Hudyo,<ref name="The Boston Globe 2014-11-01">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Mike |date=1 November 2014 |title=In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222235631/https://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2014/11/01/germany-jewish-community-now-thrives/fcPnmnfpbLQ0hM1A6zDyNN/story.html |archive-date=22 December 2016 |access-date=19 August 2016 |website=[[The Boston Globe]]}}</ref> humigit-kumulang 12,000 ang mga rehistradong miyembro ng mga relihiyosong organisasyon.<ref name="klStatistik20102">{{Cite web |date=December 2010 |title=Die kleine Berlin–Statistik 2010 |trans-title=The small Berlin statistic 2010 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085946/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/Produkte/kleinestatistik/kBEst_2010.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2011 |access-date=4 January 2011 |publisher=[[List of statistical offices in Germany|Amt für Statistik Berlin–Brandenburg]] |language=de}}</ref>
Ang Berlin ay ang luklukan ng [[Katoliko Romanong Arkidiyosesis ng Berlin|Katoliko Romanong arsobispo ng Berlin]] at ang nahalal na tagapangulo ng [[Ebanghelikong Simbahan ng Berlin-Brandeburgo-Mataas na Lusacia Silesiana|EKBO]] ay pinamagatang obispo ng EKBO. Higit pa rito, ang Berlin ay ang luklukan ng maraming mga Ortodoksong katedral, tulad ng Katedral ni San Boris ang Bautista, isa sa dalawang luklukan ng [[Simbahang Bulgarong Ortodokso|Bulgarong Ortodokso]] na Diyosesis ng Kanluran at Gitnang Europa, at ang Katedral ng Muling Pagkabuhay ni Kristo ng Diyosesis ng Berlin (Patriarkado ng Moscow).
{{multiple image|align=right|perrow=2|total_width=400|width1=500|width2=500|width3=500|width4=500|height1=350|height2=350|height3=350|height4=350|image1=Berliner Dom - panoramio (20).jpg|image2=NeueSynagogue.JPG|image3=2020-04-16 P4160889 St.Hedwigs-Kathedrale, Bebelplatz.jpg|image4=Şehitlik mosque Berlin by ZUFAr.jpg|footer=Paikot pa kanan mula sa taas pakaliwa: [[Katedral ng Berlin]], [[Bagong Sinagoga (Berlin)|Bagong Sinagoga]], Moske Şehitli, at [[Katedral ni Santa Eduvigis]]}}
Ang mga mananampalataya ng iba't ibang relihiyon at denominasyon ay nagpapanatili ng maraming [[Listahan ng mga lugar ng pagsamba sa Berlin|lugar ng pagsamba sa Berlin]]. Ang [[Malayang Simbahang Ebangheliko-Luterano]] ay may walong parokya na may iba't ibang laki sa Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lutheran Diocese Berlin-Brandenburg |url=https://www.selk-berlin.de/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080328152944/https://www.selk-berlin.de/ |archive-date=28 March 2008 |access-date=19 August 2008 |publisher=Selbständige Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche}}</ref> Mayroong 36 na kongregasyong [[Mga Bautista|Bautista]] (sa loob [[Samahan ng mga Ebanghelikong Malayang Simbahang Kongregasyon sa Alemanya]]), 29 [[Bagong Apostolikong Simbahan]], 15 [[Nagkakaisang Metodistang Simbahan|Nagkakaisang Metodista]] na simbahan, walong Malayang Ebanghelika na Kongregasyon, apat na [[Simbahan ni Kristo, Siyentipiko]] (una, iklawa, ikatlo, at ikalabing-anim), anim mga kongregasyon ng [[Ang Simbahan ni Jesucristo ng mga Banal sa mga Huling Araw]], isang [[Lumang Simbahang Katoliko|Lumang Simbahan]], at isang [[Anglikanismo|Anglicanong]] simbahan sa Berlin. Ang Berlin ay may higit sa 80 moske,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin's mosques |url=https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093250/https://www.dw.com/en/berlins-mosques/g-17572423 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> sampung sinagoga,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Keller |first=Claudia |date=10 November 2013 |title=Berlins jüdische Gotteshäuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religiösen Vielfalt |language=de |trans-title=Berlin's jewish places of worship before the Pogromnacht 1938: Decline of a religious diversity |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111093246/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berlins-juedische-gotteshaeuser-vor-der-pogromnacht-1938-untergang-einer-religioesen-vielfalt/9052966.html |archive-date=11 November 2018 |quote=Von den weit mehr als 100 jüdischen Gotteshäusern sind gerade einmal zehn übrig geblieben. (in english: Of the far more than 100 synagogues, only ten are left.)}}</ref> at dalawang templong [[Budismo|Budista]].
== Gobyerno at politika ==
{{main|Politika ng Berlin}}
=== Estadong lungsod ===
[[Talaksan:Rotes_Rathaus.jpg|left|thumb|[[Rotes Rathaus]] (''Pulang Munisipyo''), luklukan ng Senado at Alkalde ng Berlin.]]
Mula noong [[Muling pag-iisang Aleman|muling pag-iisa]] noong Oktubre 3, 1990, ang Berlin ay isa sa tatlong [[Länder ng Alemanya|estadong lungsod sa Alemanya]] na kabilang sa kasalukuyang 16 na estado ng Alemanya. Ang [[Abgeordnetenhaus ng Berlin|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]] (''Abgeordnetenhaus'') ay kumakatawan bilang parlamento ng lungsod at estado, na mayroong 141 na luklukan. Ang ehekutibong tanggapan ng Berlin ay ang [[Senado ng Berlin]] (''Senat von Berlin''). Binubuo ang Senado ng [[Talaan ng mga alkalde ng Berlin|Namamahalang Alkalde]] (''Regierender Bürgermeister''), at hanggang sampung senador na may hawak na ministeryal na posisyon, dalawa sa kanila ang may hawak na titulong "Alkalde" (''Bürgermeister'') bilang kinatawan ng Namamahalang Alkalde.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-01 |title=Verfassung von Berlin – Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung |url=https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008025644/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/regierender-buergermeister/verfassung/artikel.41527.php |archive-date=8 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=www.berlin.de |language=de}}</ref> Ang kabuuang taunang badyet ng estado ng Berlin noong 2015 ay lumampas sa €24.5 ($30.0) bilyon kabilang ang surplus sa badyet na €205 ($240) milyon.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig |work=Berliner Zeitung |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-24702234 |url-status=live |access-date=20 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218131248/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/sport-leidenschaft/berliner-haushalt-finanzsenator-kollatz-ahnen-bleibt-trotz-sprudelnder-steuereinnahmen-vorsichtig-li.6132?pid=true |archive-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> Ang estado ay nagmamay-ari ng malawak na pag-aari, kabilang ang mga gusaling pang-administratibo at pamahalaan, mga kompanya ng real estate, pati na rin ang mga stake sa Estadio Olimpiko, mga paliguan, mga kompanya ng pabahay, at maraming mga pampublikong negosyo at mga subsidiyaryo na kompanya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2017 |title=Vermögen |trans-title=Assets |url=https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928151604/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/de-plain/vermoegen/artikel.92737.de-plain.php |archive-date=28 September 2019 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=[[Berlin.de]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2019 |title=Beteiligungen des Landes Berlin |trans-title=Holdings of the State of Berlin |url=https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219070001/https://www.berlin.de/sen/finanzen/vermoegen/beteiligungen/artikel.7208.php |archive-date=19 December 2019 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=[[Berlin.de]] |language=de}}</ref>
Hawak ng [[Partido Sosyo-Demokratiko ng Alemanya|Partido Sosyo-Demokratiko]] (''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands'' o SPD) at ng [[Ang Kaliwa (Alemanya)|Kaliwa]] (Die Linke) ang pamahalaang lungsod pagkatapos ng [[Halalan estatal ng Berlin, 2001|halalang estatal noong 2001]] at nanalo ng isa pang termino sa [[Halalang estatal ng Berlin, 2006|halalang estatal noong 2006]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin state election, 2006 |url=https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323161037/https://www.statistik-berlin.de/produkte/Faltblatt_Brochure/berlin_in_Zahlen_engl.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2012 |access-date=17 August 2008 |website=Der Landeswahlleiter für Berlin |language=de}}</ref> Mula noong [[Halalang estatal ng Berlin, 2016|halalang estatal noong 2016]], nagkaroon ng koalisyon sa pagitan ng Partido Sosyo-Demokratiko, mga Lunti, at Kaliwa.
Ang Namumunong Alkalde ay magkasabay na Panginoong Alkalde ng Lungsod ng Berlin (''Oberbürgermeister der Stadt'') at Ministro na Pangulo ng Estado ng Berlin (''Ministerpräsident des Bundeslandes''). Ang tanggapan ng Namamahalang Alkalde ay nasa [[Rotes Rathaus|Rotes Rathaus (Pulang Munisipyo)]]. Mula noong 2014 ang tanggapang ito ay hawak ni [[Michael Müller (politiko, ipinanganak noong 1964)|Michael Müller]] ng mga Sosyo-Demokratiko.<ref>{{Cite magazine|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time Europe]]}}</ref>
=== Mga boro ===
[[Talaksan:Berlin_Subdivisions.svg|right|thumb|[[Mga boro at kapitbahayan ng Berlin|12 boro ng Berlin at ang kanilang 96 na kapitbahayan]]]]
Ang Berlin ay nahahati sa 12 boro o distrito (''Bezirke''). Ang bawat boro ay may ilang mga subdistrito o mga kapitbahayan (''Ortsteile''), na nag-ugat sa mas matatandang munisipalidad na nauna sa pagbuo ng Kalakhang Berlin noong Oktubre 1, 1920. Ang mga subdistritong ito ay naging urbanisado at isinama sa lungsod nang maglaon. Maraming residente ang lubos na nakikilala sa kanilang mga kapitbahayan, na kolokyal na tinatawag na ''[[Kiez]]''. Sa kasalukuyan, ang Berlin ay binubuo ng 96 na mga subdistrito, na karaniwang binubuo ng ilang mas maliliit na pook residensiyal o kuwarto.
Ang bawat borough ay pinamamahalaan ng isang sangguniang pamboro (''Bezirksamt'') na binubuo ng limang konsehal (''Bezirksstadträte'') kasama ang alkalde ng boro (''Bezirksbürgermeister''). Ang konseho ay inihahalal ng asamblea ng boro (''Bezirksverordnetenversammlung''). Gayunpaman, ang mga indibidwal na boro ay hindi mga independiyenteng munisipalidad, ngunit nasa ilalim ng Senado ng Berlin. Ang mga alkalde ng boro ay bumubuo sa konseho ng mga alkalde (''Rat der Bürgermeister''), na pinamumunuan ng Namamahalang Alkalde ng lungsod at nagpapayo sa Senado. Ang mga kapitbahayan ay walang mga lokal na katawan ng pamahalaan.
=== Kakambal na bayan – mga kinakapatid na lungsod ===
Ang Berlin ay nagpapanatili ng opisyal na pakikipagsosyo sa 17 lungsod.<ref name="Berlintwins">{{Cite web |title=City Partnerships |url=https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205104217/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/ |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Berlin.de |publisher=Governing Mayor of Berlin, Senate Chancellery, Directorate for Protocol and International Relations |type=official web site}}</ref> Ang [[Kakambal na lungsod|pagkakambal ng lungsod]] sa pagitan ng Berlin at iba pang mga lungsod ay nagsimula sa kapatid nitong lungsod na Los Angeles noong 1967. Kinansela ang mga pagsosyo ng Silangang Berlin sa panahon ng muling pag-iisa ng Alemanya ngunit kalaunan ay bahagyang muling itinatag. Ang mga pakikipagsosyo ng Kanlurang Berlin ay dati nang pinaghihigpitan sa antas ng boro. Noong panahon ng Digmaang Malamig, ang mga partnership ay sumasalamin sa iba't ibang hanayan ng kapangyarihan, kung saan ang Kanlurang Berlin ay nakikipagsosyo sa mga kabesera sa Kanluraning Mundo at Silangang Berlin na karamihan ay nakikipagsosyo sa mga lungsod mula sa [[Pakto ng Barsobya]] at mga kaalyado nito.
Mayroong ilang magkasanib na proyekto sa maraming iba pang mga lungsod, tulad ng [[Beirut]], Belgrade, São Paulo, [[Copenhague]], Helsinki, [[Amsterdam]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Mumbai]], Oslo, [[Hanoi]], Shanghai, [[Seoul]], [[Sopiya|Sofia]], [[Sydney]], Lungsod ng New York, at [[Viena]]. Lumalahok ang Berlin sa mga pandaigdigang asosasyon ng lungsod gaya ng Samahan ng mga Kabesera ng Unyong Europeo, Eurocities, Ugnayan ng mga mga Europeong Lungsod ng Kultura, Metropolis, Pagpupulong Kumperensiya ng mga Pangunahing Lungsod ng Mundo, at Kumperensiya ng mga Kabeserang Lungsod ng Mundo.
Ang Berlin ay kakambal sa:<ref name="Berlintwins2">{{Cite web |title=City Partnerships |url=https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205104217/https://www.berlin.de/rbmskzl/en/international-relations/city-partnerships/ |archive-date=5 February 2021 |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=Berlin.de |publisher=Governing Mayor of Berlin, Senate Chancellery, Directorate for Protocol and International Relations |type=official web site}}</ref>{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*Los Angeles, Estados Unidos (1967)
<!--Paris - not twinning, does not consider Berlin as its twin town-->
*[[Madrid]], España (1988)
*[[Istanbul]], Turkiya (1989)
*[[Barsobya]] Polonya (1991)
*Mosku, Rusya (1991)
*[[Bruselas]], Belhika (1992)
*[[Budapest]], Unggarya (1992)
*[[Tashkent]], Uzbekistan (1993)
*[[Lungsod Mehiko]], Mehiko (1993)
*[[Jakarta]], Indonesia (1993)
*Beijing, Tsina (1994)
*Tokyo, Hapon (1994)
*[[Buenos Aires]], Arhentina (1994)
*[[Praga]], Republikang Tseko (1995)
*[[Windhoek]], Namibia (2000)
*Londres, Nagkakaisang Kaharian (2000)
{{div col end}}Mula noong 1987, ang Berlin ay mayroon ding opisyal na pakikipagsosyo sa Paris, Pransiya. Ang bawat boro ng Berlin ay nagtatag din ng sarili nitong kambal na bayan. Halimbawa, ang borough ng [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]] ay may pagsosyo sa Israeling lungsod ng [[Kiryat Yam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Städtepartnerschaftsverein Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg e. V. |url=https://www.berlin.de/ba-friedrichshain-kreuzberg/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.149158.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309000305/https://www.berlin.de/ba-friedrichshain-kreuzberg/ueber-den-bezirk/staedtepartner/artikel.149158.php |archive-date=9 March 2021 |access-date=8 February 2021 |website=berlin.de |language=de}}</ref>
== Ekonomiya ==
{{main|Ekonomiya ng Berlin}}
[[Talaksan:Berlin_Mitte_by_night.JPG|left|thumb|Ang Berlin ay isang UNESCO "Lungsod ng Disenyo" at kinikilala para sa mga [[Mga malikhaing industriya|malikhaing industriya]] nito at [[ekosistema ng startup]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin – Europe's New Start-Up Capital |url=https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/news-and-expertise/entrepreneurs/articles/news-and-expertise/2015/08/en/berlin-europes-new-start-up-capital.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331043259/https://www.credit-suisse.com/us/en/news-and-expertise/entrepreneurs/articles/news-and-expertise/2015/08/en/berlin-europes-new-start-up-capital.html |archive-date=31 March 2016 |access-date=27 March 2016 |website=Credit Suisse}}</ref>]]
Ang Berlin ay isang UNESCO "City of Design" at kinikilala para sa mga [[Mga malikhaing industriya|malikhaing industriya]] nito at [[startup ecosystem]].
Noong 2018, ang GDP ng Berlin ay umabot sa €147 bilyon, isang pagtaas ng 3.1% kumpara sa nakaraang taon. Ang ekonomiya ng Berlin ay pinangungunahan ng [[Tersiyaryong sektor ng ekonomiya|sektor ng serbisyo]], na may humigit-kumulang 84% ng lahat ng kompanya na nagnenegosyo sa mga serbisyo. Noong 2015, ang kabuuang lakas-paggawa sa Berlin ay 1.85 milyon. Ang tantos ng walang trabaho ay umabot sa 24 na taon na mababang noong Nobyembre 2015 at tumayo sa 10.0%.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht |language=de |work=Berliner Zeitung |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/wirtschaft/arbeitsmarkt-in-berlin-berlin-hat-so-wenig-arbeitslose-wie-seit-24-jahren-nicht,10808230,32678128.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203224849/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/wirtschaft/arbeitsmarkt-in-berlin-berlin-hat-so-wenig-arbeitslose-wie-seit-24-jahren-nicht,10808230,32678128.html |archive-date=3 December 2015}}</ref> Mula 2012 hanggang 2015, ang Berlin, bilang isang estado ng Aleman, ay may pinakamataas na taunang tantos ng paglago ng trabaho. Humigit-kumulang 130,000 trabaho ang naidagdag sa panahong ito.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 January 2015 |title=In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschäftigte wie nie zuvor |language=de |work=Berliner Zeitung |url=https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/rekord-in-der-hauptstadt-in-berlin-gibt-es-so-viele-beschaeftigte-wie-nie-zuvor,10809148,33634676.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224010722/https://www.berliner-zeitung.de/berlin/rekord-in-der-hauptstadt-in-berlin-gibt-es-so-viele-beschaeftigte-wie-nie-zuvor,10809148,33634676.html |archive-date=24 February 2016}}</ref>
Kabilang sa mahahalagang sektor ng ekonomiya sa Berlin ang mga agham pambuhay, transportasyon, impormasyon at mga teknolohiya sa komunikasyon, media at musika, pananalastas at disenyo, bioteknolohiya, mga serbisyong pangkapaligiran, konstruksiyon, e-komersiyo, retail, negosyo sa hotel, at inhinyeriyang medikal.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 September 2006 |title=Poor but sexy |work=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479 |url-status=live |access-date=19 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622201720/https://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=7953479 |archive-date=22 June 2008}}</ref>
Ang pananaliksik at pag-unlad ay may kahalagahang pang-ekonomiya para sa lungsod.<ref name="factsheet">{{Cite web |title=Die kleine Berlin Statistik |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014 |website=berlin.de}}</ref> Maraming malalaking korporasyon tulad ng Volkswagen, Pfizer, at SAP ang nagpapatakbo ng mga laboratoryong pang-inobasyon sa lungsod.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins |publisher=Berliner Morgenpost |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116150546/https://www.morgenpost.de/wirtschaft/article208628997/Immer-mehr-Konzerne-suchen-den-Spirit-Berlins.html |archive-date=16 January 2017}}</ref> Ang Science and Business Park sa Adlershof ay ang pinakamalaking parke ng teknolohiya sa Alemanya na sinusukat ng kita. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof |url=https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117042743/https://www.adlershof.de/en/facts-figures/adlershof-in-numbers/ |archive-date=17 January 2017 |access-date=13 January 2017 |website=Berlin Adlershof: Facts and Figures |publisher=Adlershof}}</ref> Sa loob ng [[Eurozone]], ang Berlin ay naging sentro para sa paglipat ng negosyo at internasyonal na [[Pamumuhunan (macroeconomics)|pamumuhunan]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Global Cities Investment Monitor 2012 |publisher=KPMG |url=https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102003006/https://www.kpmg.com/FR/fr/IssuesAndInsights/News/Documents/GPIA-KPMG-CIM-2012.pdf |archive-date=2 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 {{!}} Statista |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627171657/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/36651/umfrage/arbeitslosenquote-in-deutschland-nach-bundeslaendern/ |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=13 November 2018 |website=Statista |language=de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
!Taon <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arbeitslosenquote in Berlin bis 2018 |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/2519/umfrage/entwicklung-der-arbeitslosenquote-in-berlin-seit-1999/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211194253/https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/2519/umfrage/entwicklung-der-arbeitslosenquote-in-berlin-seit-1999/ |archive-date=11 December 2019 |access-date=11 December 2019 |website=Statista}}</ref>
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
|-
|Tantos ng walang trabaho sa %
|15.8
|16.1
|16.9
|18.1
|17.7
|19.0
|17.5
|15.5
|13.8
|14.0
|13.6
|13.3
|12.3
|11.7
|11.1
|10.7
|9.8
|9.0
|8.1
|7.8
|}
== Edukasyon at Pananaliksik ==
<!--{{Pangunahin|Edukasyon sa Berlin}}-->[[Talaksan:Berlin-Mitte_Humboldt-Uni_05-2014.jpg|right|thumb|Ang [[Unibersidad ng Berlin Humboldt]] ay kaugnay sa 57 nagwagi sa Gantimpalang Nobel.]]
{{Magmula noong|2014}}, ang Berlin ay may 878 na paaralan, na nagtuturo sa 340,658 mag-aaral sa 13,727 klase, at 56,787 nagsasanay sa mga negosyo at saanman.<ref name="factsheet22">{{cite web |title=Die kleine Berlin Statistik |url=https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163544/https://www.statistik-berlin-brandenburg.de/produkte/kleinestatistik/AP_kleinestatistik_de_2013_be.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014 |website=berlin.de}}</ref> Ang lungsod ay may 6 na taong programa sa primaryang edukasyon. Pagkatapos matapos ang elementarya, magpapatuloy ang mga mag-aaral sa ''Sekundarschule'' (isang komprehensibong paaralan) o ''Gymnasium'' (paaralan para sa paghahanda sa kolehiyo). Ang Berlin ay may natatanging na programa sa paaralang bilingual sa ''Europaschule'', kung saan tinuturuan ang mga bata ng kurikulum sa Alemanya at isang wikang banyaga, simula sa elementarya at magpapatuloy sa mataas na paaralan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jahrgangsstufe Null |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520234625/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/;art270,2185300 |archive-date=20 May 2008 |access-date=19 August 2008 |website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |language=de}}</ref>
Ang [[Französisches Gymnasium Berlin]], na itinatag noong 1689 upang turuan ang mga anak ng bakwit na Huguenot, ay nag-aalok ng pagtuturo (Aleman/Pranses).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geschichte des Französischen Gymnasiums |url=https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615205603/https://www.fg-berlin.de/WebObjects/FranzGym.woa/wa/CMSshow/1064384 |archive-date=15 June 2008 |access-date=17 August 2008 |website=Französisches Gymnasium Lycée Français Berlin |language=de, fr}}</ref> Ang [[Paaralang John F. Kennedy, Berlin|Paaralang John F. Kennedy]], isang bilingweng Aleman–Ingles na pampublikong paaralan sa [[Zehlendorf (Berlin)|Zehlendorf]], ay partikular na tanyag sa mga anak ng mga diplomat at komunidad ng ekspatriado na nagsasalita ng Ingles. 82 {{Lang|de|Gymnasien}} ang nagtutro ng [[Wikang Latin|Latin]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2013 |title=Latein an Berliner Gymnasien |url=https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004133934/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/latein |archive-date=4 October 2017 |access-date=6 May 2018 |language=de}}</ref> at 8 ang nagtuturo ng [[Wikang Sinaunang Griyego|Sinaunang Griyego]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2013 |title=Alt-Griechisch an Berliner Gymnasien |url=https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012215308/https://www.gymnasium-berlin.net/alt-griechisch |archive-date=12 October 2017 |access-date=6 May 2018 |language=de}}</ref>
== Kultura ==
[[Talaksan:Alte_Nationalgalerie_abends_(Zuschnitt).jpg|thumb|200x200px|Ang [[Alte Nationalgalerie]] ay bahagi ng [[Pulo ng mga Museo]], isang [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook|Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook ng UNESCO]].]]
[[Talaksan:Cafe_am_Holzmarkt,_River_Spree,_Berlin_(46636049685).jpg|left|thumb|Ang [[Alternatibong kultura|alternatibong]] Holzmarkt, [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]]]]
{{main|Kultura sa Berlin|Media sa Berlin}}
Kilala ang Berlin sa maraming institusyong pangkultura nito, na marami sa mga ito ay tumatangkilik sa pandaigdigang reputasyon.<ref name="UNESCO2">{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Site Museumsinsel |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506100913/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=6 May 2021 |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO2" /> Ang pagkakaiba-iba at kasiglahan ng metropolis ay humantong sa isang trendsetting na eksena.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hub Culture's 2009 Zeitgeist Ranking |url=https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331064158/https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/ |archive-date=31 March 2009 |access-date=30 April 2009 |website=Hub Culture}}</ref> Isang makabagong musika, sayaw at eksena sa sining ang nabuo noong ika-21 siglo.
Kilala ang Berlin sa maraming institusyong pangkultura nito, na marami sa mga ito ay tumatangkilik sa pandaigdigang reputasyon.<ref name="UNESCO3">{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Site Museumsinsel |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506100913/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/896 |archive-date=6 May 2021 |access-date=6 May 2021 |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref><ref name="UNESCO22">{{Cite web |title=World Heritage Site Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080808091530/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532 |archive-date=8 August 2008 |access-date=19 August 2008 |website=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> Ang pagkakaiba-iba at kasiglahan ng metropolis ay humantong sa isang trendsetting na eksena.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hub Culture's 2009 Zeitgeist Ranking |url=https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331064158/https://www.hubculture.com/groups/hubnews/news/162/ |archive-date=31 March 2009 |access-date=30 April 2009 |website=Hub Culture}}</ref> Isang makabagong musika, sayaw at eksena sa sining ang nabuo noong ika-21 siglo.
Ang lumalawak na kultural na pangyayari sa lungsod ay binibigyang-diin ng paglipat ng [[Pangkalahatang Grupo ng Musika|Universal Music Group]] na nagpasya na ilipat ang kanilang punong-tanggapan sa pampang ng Ilog Spree.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin's music business booms |url=https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911125347/https://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/bauen/bueroflaechen/en/friedrichshain.shtml |archive-date=11 September 2007 |access-date=19 August 2008 |website=Expatica}}</ref> Noong 2005, ang Berlin ay pinangalanang "Lungsod ng Disenyo" ng [[UNESCO]] at naging bahagi na ng [[Malikhaing Network ng Lungsod|Creative Cities Network]] mula noon.<ref name="Cityofdesign32">{{cite press release|url=https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080816140547/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2008|title=Berlin City of Design|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=18 August 2008}}</ref><ref name="Cityofdesign4">{{cite press release|url=https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080816140547/https://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=29376&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 August 2008|title=Berlin City of Design|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=18 August 2008}}</ref>
== Mga tala ==
<references group="note"/>
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />{{Geographic location
|Centre = Berlin
|North = [[Neubrandenburg]], [[Rostock]]
|Northeast = [[Szczecin]] ([[Polonya]])
|East = [[Frankfurt (Oder)]]
|Southeast = [[Cottbus]]
|South = [[Dresden]]
|Southwest = [[Potsdam]], [[Dessau]], [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Leipzig]]
|West = [[Brandenburg an der Havel]], [[Braunschweig]]
|Northwest = [[Hamburg]], [[Lübeck]]
}}
{{Navboxes
|list=
{{Berlin}}
{{Mga Borough ng Berlin}}
{{Mga lungsod sa Alemanya}}
{{Germany states}}
{{Kabiserang lungsod ng Unyong Europeo}}
{{Talaan ng mga kabiserang European batay sa rehiyon}}
{{Kabiserang Kultural sa Europa}}
{{Hanseatic League}}
}}
{{stub}}
[[Kategorya:Mga estado ng Alemanya|Berlin]]
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod sa Alemanya|Berlin]]
[[Kategorya:Kabisera sa Europa|Berlin]]
[[Kategorya:Berlin]]
fsmb6m637nefp8kcl14r40b2ijzq27v
Wuhan
0
37735
1963929
1963826
2022-08-19T21:44:54Z
InternetArchiveBot
113521
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Wuhan}}
| official_name = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|武汉市}}}}}}
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Antas-prepektura na lungsod|Antas-prepektura]] at [[Sub-probinsiyal na lungsod]]
| image_skyline ={{Photomontage
| photo1a = Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge in 2020.jpg
| photo2a = Gude Buddhist Temple in Wuhan.jpg
| photo2b = 武汉大学老图书馆侧面.jpg
| photo3a = Yellow Crane Tower, 2013 photo.jpg
| photo3b =
| photo4a =
| size = 250
| position = center
| spacing = 1
| color = transparent
| border = 0
| foot_montage = Mula taas, kaliwa-pakanan: [[Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan]], Budistang Templo ng Gude, Lumang Aklatan ng [[Unibersidad ng Wuhan]], [[Toreng Yellow Crane]]
}}
| image_seal =
<!--| image_seal_caption= ancient form of the characater ''Hàn'' (汉/漢) used in 'Wuhan'-->
| motto = {{lang|zh-hans|武汉, 每天不一样}}{{spaces|2}}<br><small>([[Pinapayak na Tsino]] "Wuhan, Kakaiba Araw-Araw!")</small>
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=7}}
| image_map1 = Wuhan in Hubei.png
| mapsize1 =
| map_caption1 = Kinaroroonan ng nasasakupan ng Lungsod ng Wuhan sa Hubei
| pushpin_map = China#Asia
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Kinaroroonan sa Tsina
| coordinates = {{coord|30|35|N|114|17|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-42|display=it}}
| subdivision_type = [[Talaan ng mga bansa|Bansa]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|PRC}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Mga lalawigan ng Republikang Bayan ng Tsina|Lalawigan]]
| subdivision_type4 =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Hubei]]
| subdivision_name4 =
| established_title = Tinirhan
| established_date = 1500 BK
| established_title2 = Unang pinag-isa
| established_date2 = Enero 1, 1927<ref name="history2"/>
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3 =
| population_demonym = ''Wuhanese''; taga-Wuhan
| nickname = {{lang|zh-hans|九省通衢}}{{spaces|2}}<ref name="图文:黄金十字架写就第一笔">{{cite web|url=http://www.readmeok.com/2012-5/21_11860.html|script-title=zh:图文:"黄金十字架"写就第一笔|publisher=Sina|date=30 March 2009|accessdate=21 February 2018|quote={{lang|zh-hans|武汉历史上就是“九省通衢”,在中央促进中部崛起战略中被定位为“全国性综合交通运输枢纽”。}}|deadurl=no|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113420/http://www.readmeok.com/2012-5/21_11860.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wh.gov.cn/theme/include/htm/whgl/frame04.htm|title=九省通衢|last=|first=|date=|website=The government of Wuhan|archive-url=https://archive.is/20121127235821/http://www.wh.gov.cn/theme/include/htm/whgl/frame04.htm|archive-date=27 Nov 2012|dead-url=yes|access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref><br><small>([[Pinapayak na Tsino]] "Ang Lansangambayan ng Tsina")</small><br>Ang Chicago ng Tsina<ref name="timemagazine">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848985,00.html |title=Foreign News: On To Chicago |work=Time |accessdate=November 20, 2011 |date=June 13, 1938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105114835/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848985,00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Chicago is all over the place">{{cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-13/news/ct-talk-nato-chicago-0513-20120513_1_violent-crime-chicago-connection-south-america-s-chicago |title=Chicago is all over the place |publisher=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=May 22, 2012 |author=Jacob, Mark |date=May 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511215253/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-13/news/ct-talk-nato-chicago-0513-20120513_1_violent-crime-chicago-connection-south-america-s-chicago |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="水野幸吉 Mizuno Kokichi 2014 3">{{cite book |script-title=zh:中国中部事情:汉口 |trans-title=Central China: Hankou |publisher=Wuhan Press |author={{lang|ja|水野幸吉}} (Mizuno Kokichi) |year=2014 |pages=3 |isbn=9787543084612}}</ref><br>江城{{spaces|2}}<small>([[Pinapayak na Tsino]] "Ang Lungsod na Ilog")</small>
| parts_type = Mga paghahati<ref name="history2">{{cite web|script-title=zh:武汉市历史沿革|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225_2.html|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=10 February 2018|language=zh-hans|publisher=www.xzqh.org ({{lang|zh-hans|行政区划网站}})|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120959/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225_2.html|archive-date=February 10, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="xingzhengquhua">{{cite web|script-title=zh:行政建置|url=http://www.wh.gov.cn/2018wh/zjwh_5785/whgk/201808/t20180824_223224.html|date=8 January 2018|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=zh-hans|publisher=Wuhan Municipal People's Government ({{lang|zh-hans|武汉市人民政府门户网站}})|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082522/http://www.wh.gov.cn/2018wh/zjwh_5785/whgk/201808/t20180824_223224.html|archive-date=October 17, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref><br /> [[Paghahating antas-kondado|Antas-kondado]]<br /> [[Mga paghahating pampangasiwaan ng Republikang Bayan ng Tsina#Antas-township|Antas-township]]
| parts = <br />[[Talaan ng antas-township na mga dibisyon ng Hubei#Wuhan|13 distrito]]<br />156 subdistrito, 1 bayan, 3 mga township
| government_footnotes =
| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Kalihim ng Partido Komunista|Kalihim ng Partido]]
| leader_name = Ma Guoqiang
| leader_title1 = Alkalde
| leader_name1 = Zhou Xianwang ({{lang|zh-hans|周先旺}},agent)<ref name="wanyong">{{cite web|script-title=zh:武汉市信息公开|url=http://www.wh.gov.cn/whszfwz/szzc/sztlz/|accessdate=5 April 2018|quote={{lang|zh-hans|2017年2月19日,在武汉市第十四届人民代表大会第一次会议上当选为武汉市政府市长。}}|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102552/http://www.wh.gov.cn/whszfwz/szzc/sztlz/|archive-date=April 6, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| unit_pref =
| area_footnotes = <ref name="yearbook">{{cite web|title=Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2010|url=http://www.whtj.gov.cn/documents/tjnj2010.pdf|publisher=Wuhan Statistics Bureau|accessdate=July 31, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105213243/http://www.whtj.gov.cn/documents/tjnj2010.pdf|archivedate=November 5, 2011|df=mdy-all}}p. 15</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 8494.41
| area_land_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 = 1,528
| area_urban_footnotes = (2018)<ref name="demo 14th 22">{{Cite book|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition|last=Cox|first=W|publisher=Demographia|year=2018|isbn=|location=St. Louis|pages=22|access-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|archive-date=May 3, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| population_urban = 7,980,000
| population_urban_footnotes = (2018)<ref name="demo 14th 22" />
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_percent =
| elevation_footnotes = {{citation needed|date=February 2018}}
| elevation_m = 37
| elevation_ft = 121
| population_total = 10,607,700
| population_as_of = 2015
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 19 milyon
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="oecd2015"/>
| demographics_type2 = Pangunahing [[Talaan ng mga pangkat etniko sa Tsina|mga pangkat etniko]]
| demographics2_title1 = Mga pangunahing pangkat etniko
| demographics2_info1 = [[Tsinong Han|Han]]
| demographics_type1 = Mga wika
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>
tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = Mga wika
| demographics1_info1 = [[Wikaing Wuhan]], [[Pamantayang Tsino]]
| postal_code_type = [[Mga kodigong postal sa Tsina|Kodigong postal]]
| postal_code = '''4300'''00–'''4304'''00
| area_code = 0027
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-HB-01]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = Puno ng lungsod
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Metasequoia]]<ref>{{cite web|title=THE CHRONOLOGY OF THE "LIVING FOSSIL" METASEQUOIA GLYPTOSTROBOIDES (TAXODIACEAE): A REVIEW (1943–2003)|url=http://www.metasequoia.org/chronicle.pdf|publisher=Harvard College|page=15|quote=1984 In the spring, Metasequoia was chosen as the “City Tree” of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei.|date=2003|accessdate=January 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306151512/http://www.metasequoia.org/chronicle.pdf|archive-date=March 6, 2016|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}
</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.wuhan.gov.cn|武汉政府门户网站 (Wuhan Government Web Portal)|}} {{zh-hans icon}}; {{URL|english.wh.gov.cn|English Wuhan|}} (in English)
| timezone = [[Pamantayang Oras ng Tsina|Pamantayang Tsina]]
| utc_offset = +8
| blank_name = [[Kabuuan ng Gawang Katutubo|GDP]]<ref name="GDP2010">{{cite web|script-title=zh:武汉市2010年国民经济和社会发展统计公报|url=http://www.tjcn.org/tjgb/201103/18954.html|publisher=Wuhan Statistics Bureau|date=May 10, 2011|accessdate=July 31, 2011|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023035033/http://www.tjcn.org/tjgb/201103/18954.html|archive-date=October 23, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| blank_info = 2018
| blank1_name = - Kabuuan
| blank1_info = [[CNY]] 1.485 trilyon<br />USD 224.28 bilyon ([[List of Chinese municipalities and prefecture-level cities by GDP|8th]])
| blank2_name = - Sa bawat tao
| blank2_info = CNY 138,759<br />USD 20,960 (nominal) - 40,594 ([[Kapantayan ng lakas ng pagbili|PPP]]) ([[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad at antas-prepekturang dibisyon sa Tsina ayon sa GDP kada tao|Pan-11]])
| blank3_name = - Paglago
| blank3_info = {{increase}} 8% (2018)
| blank4_name = [[Plaka ng sasakyan (Tsina)|Mga unlapi ng plaka ng sasakyan]]
| blank4_info = {{lang|zh-cn|鄂A}}<br />{{lang|zh-cn|鄂O}} (kapulisan at mga awtoridad)
| blank2_name_sec2 = Bulaklak ng lungsod
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Prunus mume|Plum blossom]]<ref name="torchrelay"/>
}}
Ang '''Wuhan''' ({{IPAc-cmn|AUD|zh-Wuhan.ogg|wu|3|.|h|an|4}}; {{zh|s={{linktext|武汉}}|t={{linktext|武漢}}}}) ay ang kabisera at pinakamalaking lungsod ng lalawigan ng [[Hubei]], [[Tsina]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43585.htm|publisher=PRC Central Government Official Website|accessdate=2018-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140619213235/http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43585.htm|archive-date=June 19, 2014|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Ito ang [[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Tsina ayon sa populasyon|pinakamataong lungsod]] sa [[Gitnang Tsina]]<ref name="Focus on Wuhan, China">{{cite web |url=http://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/document.jsp?did=96289&cid=512&oid=32 |title=Focus on Wuhan, China |publisher=The Canadian Trade Commissioner Service |accessdate=February 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212120036/http://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/eng/document.jsp?did=96289&cid=512&oid=32 |archive-date=December 12, 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}</ref> na may populasyon ng higit sa 10 milyon, ang [[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Tsina ayon sa populasyon|pampitong pinakamataong lungsod ng bansa]], at isa sa siyam na mga [[Pambansang Gitnang Lungsod]] ng Tsina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/09/WS5a7ce35fa3106e7dcc13baec.html |script-title=zh:国家中心城市 |trans-title=National central cities |author=Zhao Manfeng ({{lang|zh-hans|赵满丰}}) |website=usa.chinadaily.com.cn |access-date=2018-05-20 |title=Archived copy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124743/http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201802/09/WS5a7ce35fa3106e7dcc13baec.html |archive-date=May 20, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Ito ay nasa silangang [[Kapatagan ng Jianghan]], sa gitnang kahabaan ng tagpuan ng [[Ilog Yangtze]] sa [[Ilog Han (Hubei)|Ilog Han]]. Bilang isang lungsod na nagmumula sa pagsasama ng tatlong mga lungsod, [[Distrito ng Wuchang|Wuchang]], [[Hankou]], at [[Distrito ng Hanyang|Hanyang]], nakilala ang Wuhan bilang "Lansangang bayan ng Tsina" (九省通衢),<ref name="图文:黄金十字架写就第一笔"/> at hawak nito ang katayuang [[sub-probinsiyal]].
Umaabot nang 3,500 taon ang kasaysayan ng Wuhan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Wuhan|title=Wuhan {{!}} China|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> Ito ang kinalalagyan ng [[Himagsikan ng Wuchang]], na humantong sa pagbagsak ng [[Dinastiyang Qing]] at ang pagtatag ng [[Republika ng Tsina (1912–1949)|Republika ng Tsina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.britannica.com/2011/10/wuchang-uprising-double-ten-10101911.html|title=The Wuchang Uprising on Double Ten (10/10/1911) {{!}} Britannica Blog|website=blogs.britannica.com|access-date=2019-06-13|archive-date=2018-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408204155/http://blogs.britannica.com/2011/10/wuchang-uprising-double-ten-10101911.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Panandaliang naging kabisera ng Tsina ang Wuhan noong 1927 sa ilalim ng [[Makakaliwang politika|kaliwang kapulungan]] [[Pamahalaan ng Republika ng Tsina sa Wuhan|pamahalaan]] ng [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) na pinamunuan ni [[Wang Jingwei]].<ref name="Remaking the Chinese City">{{cite book|title=Remaking the Chinese City: Modernity and National Identity, 1900-1950|author=Stephen R. MacKinnon|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0824825188|pages=161|authorlink=Wuhan's Search for Identity in the Republican Period}}</ref> Kalaunan ay naglingkod ang lungsod ay bilang kabisera ng Tsina sa kasagsagan ng digmaan noong 1937 sa loob ng 10 buwan, noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Tsino-Hapones]].<ref name="AN AMERICAN IN CHINA: 1936-39 A Memoir">{{cite web|url=http://www.willysthomas.net/HankowInfo.htm|title=AN AMERICAN IN CHINA: 1936-39 A Memoir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512075531/http://www.willysthomas.net/HankowInfo.htm|archive-date=May 12, 2013|dead-url=yes|accessdate=February 10, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Wuhan, 1938">{{cite book|title=Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China|author=Stephen R. MacKinnon|date=2008-05-21|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520254459|pages=12}}</ref> Noong [[Himagsikang Pangkalinangan]], naganap ang isang armadong labanan sa pagitan ng dalawang magkasalungat na mga pangkat na naglalaban para sa kapangyarihan sa lungsod; ito ay naging kilala bilang [[Insidente sa Wuhan]].
Kasalukuyang kilala ang Wuhan bilang sentro ng politika, ekonomiya, pananalapi, komersiyo, kalinangan, at edukasyon ng Gitnang Tsina.<ref name="Focus on Wuhan, China" /> Ito ay isang pangunahing pusod ng transportasyon, kalakip ng dose-dosenang mga daambakal, daan at mabilisang daanan na dumaraan sa lungsod at nag-uugnay sa ibang mga pangunahing lungsod.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/resume/n/200906/20090606358864.html|title=武汉获批全国首个交通枢纽研究试点城市|last=|first=|date=2009-06-25|website=Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> Dahil sa napakahalagang gampanin nito sa panloob na transportasyon, minsang tinutukoy ang Wuhan bilang "ang [[Chicago]] ng Tsina" ng banyagang mga sanggunian.<ref name="timemagazine" /><ref name="Chicago is all over the place" /><ref name="水野幸吉 Mizuno Kokichi 2014 3" /> Ang "Ginintuang Daanang-tubig" ng [[Yangtze|Ilog Yangtze]] at ng pinakamalaking sangay nito, ang [[Ilog Han (Hubei)|Ilog Han]], ay bumabagtas sa pook urbano at hinahati ang Wuhan sa tatlong mga distrito: [[Distrito ng Wuchang|Wuchang]], [[Hankou]], at [[Distrito ng Hanyang|Hanyang]]. Tumatawid sa Yangtze sa lungsod ang [[Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan]]. Di-kalayuan matatagpuan ang [[Saplad ng Tatlong Bangin]], ang [[Talaan ng pinakamalaking mga estasyon ng kuryente sa mundo|pinakamalaking estasyon ng kuryente sa mundo]] ayon sa [[nakakabit na kapasidad]].
Habang naging isang nakagisnang lugar ng paggawa ang Wuhan sa loob ng maraming mga dekada, isa na rin ito sa naging mga lugar na naghihikayat ng makabagong pagbabago sa industriya. Ang Wuhan ay binubuo ng tatlong mga pambansang sona ng pagpapaunlad, apat na siyentipiko at teknolohikong mga liwasang pagpapaunlad, higit sa 350 mga suriang pananaliksik, 1,656 na mga negosyo sa makabagong teknolohiya, maraming mga ''enterprise incubator'', at mga pamumuhunan mula sa 230 Fortune Global ng 500 mga kompanya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/china-chine/market-facts-faits-sur-le-marche/96289.aspx?lang=eng|title=Focus on Wuhan, China|last=Government of Canada|first=Foreign Affairs Trade and Development Canada|date=2009-09-08|website=www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> Nakalikha ito ng [[Kabuuan ng Gawang Katutubo|GDP]] na US$ 224 bilyon noong 2018. Nakahimpil sa lungsod ang [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation]], isang tagagawa ng mga kotse. Tahanan din ang Wuhan ng maraming mga kilalang surian sa mataas na edukasyon, kabilang na ang [[Unibersidad ng Wuhan]] na pumapangatlo sa buong bansa noong 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2014/xjindex.shtml|title=校友会2017中国大学排行榜700强揭晓,北京大学十连冠--艾瑞深校友会网2019中国大学排行榜,中国大学研究生院排行榜,中国一流大学,中国大学创业富豪榜,中国独立学院排行榜,中国民办大学排行榜|website=www.cuaa.net|language=en|access-date=2019-06-13|archive-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606145337/http://www.cuaa.net/cur/2014/xjindex.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> at ang [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]].
Dumanas ang Wuhan noon sa mga banta ng [[pagbaha]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/jan/23/inside-chinas-leading-sponge-city-wuhans-war-with-water|title=Inside China's leading 'sponge city': Wuhan's war with water|last=Jing|first=Li|date=2019-01-23|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-06-13|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> na nagpa-udyok sa pamahalaan na maglunsad ng mga mekanismong absorsiyon na di-nakapipinsala sa kalikasan upang maibsan ang pagbaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/17/asia/china-sponge-cities/index.html|title=China's 'sponge cities' aim to re-use 70% of rainwater|last=Hartley|first=Asit K. Biswas, Kris|website=CNN|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> Noong 2017, itinalaga ng [[UNESCO]] ang Wuhan bilang isang [[Creative Cities Network|Malikhaing Lungsod]] sa larangan ng pagdidisenyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities//node/1086|title=Wuhan {{!}} Creative Cities Network|website=en.unesco.org|access-date=2019-06-13}}</ref> Ibinukod ng ''[[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]]'' ang Wuhan bilang isang ''Beta world city''.
Dinaos ang [[2011 FIBA Asia Championship]] sa [[Himnasyon ng Wuhan]], at isa ito sa mga naging tagpo ng [[2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup]].<ref name="fiba.com">[http://www.fiba.com/basketballworldcup/2019 The Official website of the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170527030949/http://www.fiba.com/basketballworldcup/2019|date=May 27, 2017}}, FIBA.com, Retrieved 9 March 2016.</ref> Idinaos din sa lungsod ang Ikapitong ''[[Military World Games]]'' mula Oktubre 18 hanggang 27, 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/26/c_136780684.htm|title=7th Military World Games to be held in Wuhan in 2019 - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn|website=www.xinhuanet.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520124235/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-11/26/c_136780684.htm|archive-date=May 20, 2018|dead-url=no|access-date=2018-05-20|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>http://www.wuhan2019mwg.com official site</ref>
Magmula noong kahulihan ng Enero 2020, nasa ilalim ng [[Mga lockdown sa Hubei (2020)|paglo-lockdown ang lungsod]] dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19|kamakailang paglaganap]] ng [[SARS-CoV-2]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/27/asia/china-wuhan-coronavirus-reaction-intl-hnk/index.html|title=China's unprecedented reaction to the Wuhan virus probably couldn't be pulled off in any other country|first=James|last=Griffiths|website=CNN|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128015515/https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/27/asia/china-wuhan-coronavirus-reaction-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=Enero 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Ipinalalagay ng ilan na lumitaw ang epidemya sa [[Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market|Pamilihang Pakyawan ng Pagkaing-dagat ng Huanan]] sa [[Distrito ng Jianghan]], na nakasara na mula noon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://globalnews.ca/news/6457872/wuhan-china-coronavirus-quarantine/|title=Here’s what Wuhan, China looks like under quarantine for coronavirus|website=Global News|language=en|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref> Tinatayang nasa limang milyong katao ang nakaalis ng lungsod bago nagsimula ang lockdown, na nag-udyok ng poot at pagbatikos sa pamahalaan dahil sa huling [[Kuwarentenas|pagkukuwarentenas]] sa lungsod.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/5-million-left-wuhan-before-coronavirus-quarantine-2020-1|title=5 million people left Wuhan before China quarantined the city to contain the coronavirus outbreak|last=Collman|first=Ashley|website=Business Insider|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/29/800938047/angry-chinese-ask-why-their-government-waited-so-long-to-act-on-coronavirus|title=Angry Chinese Ask Why Their Government Waited So Long To Act On Coronavirus|website=NPR.org|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref>
==Etimolohiya==
{{Infobox Chinese
|pic=Wuhan (Chinese characters).svg
|piccap="{{link text|Wuhan}}" sa [[Pinapayak na panitik ng wikang Intsik|Pinapayak]] (itaas) at [[Tradisyonal na panitik ng wikang Intsik|Nakagisnang]] (ibaba) mga Tsinong panitik
|picupright=0.425
|w=Wu<sup>3</sup>-han<sup>4</sup>
|gr=Wuuhann
|bpmf=ㄨˇ ㄏㄢˋ
|s={{link text|武汉}}
|t={{link text|武漢}}
|p=Wǔhàn
|mi={{IPAc-cmn|AUD|zh-Wuhan.ogg|wu|3|.|h|an|4}}
|suz=Vû-hǒe
|j=Mou<sup>5</sup>-hon<sup>3</sup>
|y=Móuh-hon
|ci={{IPAc-yue|m|ou|5|.|h|on|3}}
|poj=Bú-hàn
|order=st
|l="[Ang pinagsamang mga lungsod ng] Wǔ[chāng] at Hàn[kǒu]"
}}
Ang pangalang "Wuhan" ay isang ''[[portmanteau]]'' o pagsasama ng dalawang pangunahing mga lungsod sa hilaga at katimugang mga pampang ng [[Ilog Yangtze]] na bumubuo sa daklungsod ng Wuhan. Tumutukoy ang "Wu" sa lungsod ng [[Distrito ng Wuchang|Wuchang]] ({{zh|c=武昌}}), na nasa katimugang pampang ng Yangtze, habang ang "Han" naman ay tumutukoy sa [[Hankou]] ({{zh|s=汉口}}), na nasa hilagang pampang ng Yangtze.
Noong 1926, umabot ang [[Northern Expedition]] sa lugar ng Wuhan at ipinasiyang isanib ang Hankou, Wuchang at [[Distrito ng Hanyang|Hanyang]] para maging isang lungsod upang makalikha ng bagong kabisera para sa Nasyonalistang Tsina. Noong Enero 1, 1927,<ref name="history1">{{cite web|script-title=zh:武汉市历史沿革|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225.html|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=6 April 2018|website=XZQH.org |quote={{lang|zh-hans|1927年1月1日,中央临时联席会议宣布,国民政府在汉口开始办公。国民政府命令将武昌、汉口、汉阳三镇合为京兆区,定名"武汉",作为临时首都。4月16日,武汉市政委员会成立,武昌市政厅撤销;三镇首次统一行政建制。}}|language=zh-hans|publisher=行政区划网站xzqh.org|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211161122/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225.html|archive-date=December 11, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ang naging lungsod ay inihayag bilang '{{zh|t={{linktext|武漢}}|labels=no}}' (ang tradisyonal na mga Tsinong panitik para sa 'Wuhan'), na paglaon ay [[Pinapayak na panitik ng wikang Intsik|ginawang payak]] bilang '{{lang|zh-hans|武汉}}'.<ref name="历史沿革">{{cite web| url=http://jianghan.gov.cn/zoujinjianghan/lsyg/201202/t20120214_41133.html|script-title=zh:历史沿革| accessdate=March 21, 2012| url-status=dead| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120625224752/http://www.jianghan.gov.cn/zoujinjianghan/lsyg/201202/t20120214_41133.html| archivedate=June 25, 2012}}</ref><ref name="江汉综述">{{cite web | url=http://www.whfz.gov.cn:8080/pub/dqwx/qnj/jhnj07/content.htm | script-title=zh:江汉综述 | accessdate=March 21, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202181053/http://www.whfz.gov.cn:8080/pub/dqwx/qnj/jhnj07/content.htm | archive-date=February 2, 2014 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="武汉的由来">{{cite web | url=http://www.whdaj.gov.cn/jcfm/zg-01.htm | script-title=zh:"武汉"的由来 | accessdate=March 31, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425210116/http://www.whdaj.gov.cn/jcfm/zg-01.htm | archive-date=April 25, 2012 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
==Kasaysayan==
===Sinaunang kasaysayan===
Pinamayanan na ang lugar ng Wuhan sa loob ng 3,500 taon. Matatagpuan sa kasalukuyang [[Distrito ng Huangpi]] ang [[Panlongcheng]], isang sityong arkeolohiko na pangunahing ini-uugnay sa [[kultura ng Erligang]] (mga 1510 – mga 1460 B.K.) (na kakaunti lamang ang nakatira noong unang bahagi ng [[Kultura ng Erlitou|panahon ng Erlitou]]).
Noong [[Kanluraning Zhou]] ang [[E (estado)|Estado ng E]], na isinunod ang pangalan sa isang panitik na daglat ng lalawigan ng Hubei, ay humawak sa kasalukuyang lugar ng Wuchang sa timog ng Ilog Yangtze. Pagkaraang sakupin ang estado ng E noong 863 B.K., pinamumuan ng [[Chu (estado)|Estado ng Chu]] ang kasalukuyang lugar ng Wuhan sa loob ng nalalabing mga panahon ng Kanluraning Zhou at [[Silanganing Zhou]]. <!-- This claim needs documentation- I've seen it on a bunch of threads but I haven't seen good proof------After the [[State of Huang]] was conquered by State of Chu in the summer of 648 BC,<ref>《左传·僖公十二年》:“黄人恃诸侯之睦于齐也,不共楚职,曰:“自郢及我九百里,焉能害我?” 夏,楚灭黄。”</ref> the people of Huang were moved into the area in and around present-day Wuhan. Local geographical terms including the name of Wuhan's Huangpi District were named after the State of Huang.-->
===Sinaunang Imperyo ng Tsina===
Noong [[dinastiyang Han]], naging isang maabalang pantalan ang Hanyang. Ang [[Labanan sa Xiakou]] noong 203 P.K. at ang [[Labanan sa Jiangxia]] limang taon pagkaraan ng nasabing labanan ay ipinakipaglaban dahil sa kontrol sa Jiangxia Commandery (kasalukuyang [[Distrito ng Xinzhou, Wuhan|Distrito ng Xinzhou]] sa hilagang-silangang Wuhan). Noong taglamig ng 208/9 P.K., naganap sa lugar ng mga bangin malapit sa Wuhan ang [[Labanan sa mga Pulang Bangin]], ang isa sa pinakatanyag na mga labanan sa [[kasaysayan ng Tsina]] at mahalagang kaganapan sa ''[[Romansa ng Tatlong Kaharian]]'' (''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'').<ref>"The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the 13th year of Jian'an, probably about the end of 208."{{Harvcol|de Crespigny|1990|pp=264}}</ref> Noong mga panahong iyon, itinayo ang mga pader upang maprotektahan ang Hanyang (206 P.K.) at Wuchang (223 P.K.). Ang huling nabanggit na kaganapan ay tumatanda sa pagtatatag ng Wuhan. Noong 223 P.K., itinayo sa Wuchang na panig ng Ilog Yangtze ang [[Toreng Yellow Crane]], isa sa [[Apat na mga Dakilang Tore ng Tsina]], sa utos ni [[Sun Quan]], pinuno ng [[Silanganing Wu]]. Naging banal na lugar ng [[Taoismo]] ang tore.<ref>Images of the Immortal: The Cult of [[Lü Dongbin]] at the Palace of Eternal Joy by Paul R. Katz, University of Hawaii Press, 1999, page 80</ref>
Dahil sa mga kaguluhan sa pagitan ng mga estado ng Silanganing Wu at [[Cao Wei]], noong taglagas ng 228 P.K.,{{efn|name=fn1|Nabanggit sa biograpiya ni Man Chong sa ''Sanguozhi'' na naganap ang mga kaganapang ito sa ikatlong taon ng panahon ng Taihe (227–233) ng pamumuno ni Cao Rui, iyan ay ang taong 229 P.K. o Pagkaraan ng kapanganakan ni Kristo. Mali ito. Ito ay sa katunayan ang ikalawang taon ng panahon ng Taihe iyan ay ang taong 228 P.K., ayon sa ''Zizhi Tongjian''.<ref>''Zizhi Tongjian'' vol. 71.</ref>}} Iniutos ni [[Cao Rui]], apo ni [[Cao Cao]] at ang ikalawang emperador ng estado ng Cao Wei, si heneral [[Man Chong]] upang mamuno ng mga kawal papuntang Xiakou ({{lang|zh-hant|夏口}}; sa kasalukuyang Wuhan).<ref>http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/06dat/geo.html#wuhan {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180408204923/http://www.ibiblio.org/chinesehistory/contents/06dat/geo.html#wuhan |date=April 8, 2018 }} Hanyang was founded during the Sui dynasty (581-618); and Hankou, then known as Hsia-k'ou, during the Song (Sung) dynasty (960-1279).</ref><ref>(秋,使曹休從廬江南入合肥,令寵向夏口。) ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 26.</ref> Noong 279 P.K., sinakop ni [[Wang Jun (dinastiyang Jin)|Wang Jun]] at ng kaniyang mga hukbo ang mga estratehikong pook sa teritoryo ng Wu tulad ng [[Distrito ng Xiling|Xiling]] (sa kasalukuyang [[Yichang]], Hubei), Xiakou ({{lang|zh-hant|夏口}}; kasalukuyang Hankou) at Wuchang ({{lang|zh|武昌}}; kasalukuyang [[Ezhou]], Hubei).
Noong taglagas ng 550 P.K., ipinadala ni [[Hou Jing]] si Ren Yue upang salakayin si Xiao Si ({{lang|zh-hant|蕭嗣}}), anak nina Xiao Daxin at Xiao Fan. Napatay ni Ren si Xiao Si sa labanan, at nang hindi na niya kayang lumaban, sumuko si Xiao Daxin, kaya nakuha at nakontrol ni Hou ang kaniyang lupa. Samantala, binalak ni Xiao Guan (na sa mga panahong iyon ay nakatira sa Jiangxia, {{lang|zh-hant|江夏}}, sa kasalukuyang Wuhan), na salakayin si Hou, ngunit ikinagalit ito ni Xiao Yi na naniniwalang may balak si Xiao Guan para sa trono, at ipinadala niya si Wang para salakayin siya. Noong tag-init ng 567 P.K., inatasan ni Chen Xu si [[Wu Mingche]] bilang gobernador ng Lalawigan ng Xiang at ibinigay sa kaniya ang pamumuno ng malaking bahagi ng mga hukbo laban sa Hua, kasama ang Chunyu Liang ({{lang|zh|淳于量}}). Nagkatagpo ang magkalabang mga panig sa Zhuankou ({{lang|zh|沌口}}, sa kasalukuyang Wuhan).
Matagal nang kilala ang lungsod bilang sentro ng mga sining (lalo na sa tula) at mga pag-aaral na intelektuwal. Bumisita si [[Cui Hao (manunula)|Cui Hao]], isang bantog na manunula ng [[dinastiyang Tang]], sa Toreng Yellow Crane noong unang bahagi ng ika-8 siglo; sa tulong ng kaniyang tula, naging pinakabantog na gusali ito sa katimugang Tsina.<ref name="Wan1">Wan: Page 42.</ref>
Noong tagsibol ng 877 P.K., binihag ni [[Wang Xianzhi (rebelde)|Wang Xianzhi]] ang Prepektura ng E ({{lang|zh-hant|鄂州}}, sa kasalukuyang Wuhan). Bumalik muli siya sa hilaga, sumama muli sa mga puwersa ni Huang, at pinalibutan nila ang Song Wei sa Prepektura ng Song ({{lang|zh-hant|宋州}}, sa kasalukuyang [[Shangqiu]], [[Henan]]). Noong taglamig ng 877 P.K., sinamsam ni [[Huang Chao]] ang mga Prepektura ng Qi at Huang ({{lang|zh-hant|黃州}}, sa kasalukuyang Wuhan).
Bago dumating si [[Kublai Khan]] noong 1259, nakarating sa kaniya ang balitang namatay na si [[Möngke]]. Ipinasiya niyang ilihim ang kamatayan ng kaniyang kapatid at ipinagpatuloy ang pananalakay sa lugar ng Wuhan, malapit sa [[Yangtze]]. Habang pinalibutan ng hukbo ni Kublai ang [[Distrito ng Wuchang|Wuchang]], sumama sa kaniya si Uryankhadai.{{Citation needed|date=Abril 2012}} Ang kasalukuyang [[Pagoda ng Wuying]] ay itinayo sa kahulihan ng [[dinastiyang Song]] sa kasagsagan ng mga pag-atake ng mga puwersang Monggol. Sa ilalim ng mga pinunong [[Monggol]] ([[dinastiyang Yuan]], pagkaraan ng taong 1301), naging kabisera ng lalawigan ng Hubei ang [[prepektura]] ng Wuchang, na nakahimpil sa bayan. Ang Hankou mula [[Dinastiyang Ming|Ming]] hanggang sa huling bahagi ng [[Dinastiyang Qing|Qing]] ay nasa ilalim ng pamamahala ng lokal na pamahalaan sa [[Distrito ng Hanyang|Hanyang]], bagamat isa na ito sa apat na pangunahing mga pamilihang pambansa ({{zh|labels=no|s=[[:zh:四大名镇]]}}) ng dinastiyang Ming.
===Dinastiyang Qing===
Itinayo ang [[Templo ng Guiyuan]] ng Hanyang sa ika-15 taon ni Shunzhi (1658).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.guiyuanchansi.com.cn/list.php?fid=82 |script-title=zh:归元描述 - 归元禅寺 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203235744/http://www.guiyuanchansi.com.cn/list.php?fid=82 |archivedate=February 3, 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-Hans|归元禅寺位于武汉市汉阳区,东眺晴川阁、南滨鹦鹉洲、北邻古琴台,占地153亩,是湖北省重点文物保护单位。由浙江僧人白光、主峰于清顺治十五年(1658年)依王氏葵园而创建。}}}}</ref> Sa pasimula ng ika-18 siglo, ang Hankou ay naging isa sa apat na pinakamahalagang mga bayan ng Tsina sa kalakalan. Noong kahulihan ng ika-19 siglo, idinugtong ang mga daambakal sa hilaga–patimog na aksis sa lungsod, kaya naging isang mahalagang lugar ang Wuhan ng [[Paglipat-lipat ng barko|paglipat-lipat ng mga kalakal at kargamento]] (''transshipment'') sa pagitan ng trapikong riles at trapikong ilog. Sa panahon ding ito nakakuha ang mga banyagang kapangyarihan ng mga konsesyon sa kalakalan. Hinati sa mga distritong pangkalakalan na hawak ng mga dayuhan ang baybay ng ilog ng Hankou. Ang mga distritong ito ay may mga tanggapan ng kompanyang pangangalakal, bodega, at pasilidad ng daungan. Ang mga Pranses ay may [[Konsesyon (teritoryo)|konsesyon]] sa Hankou.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=USFD_d-d7FhgC&pg=PA83&dq=french+Guangzhouwan&cd=2#v=onepage&qa=french%20Guangzhouwan&f=false ''Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion'', Google Print, p. 83], Robert Aldrich, Palgrave Macmillan, 1996, {{ISBN|0-312-16000-3}}</ref>
[[Talaksan:Wuhan 1864.jpg|thumb|left|Wuhan noong 1864]]
Sa kasagsagan ng [[Himagsikang Taiping]], hinawak ng mga puwersa ng mga rebelde ang lugar ng Wuhan sa loob ng maraming mga taon, at winasak ang Toreng Yellow Crane, [[Pagoda ng Wuying|Templong Xingfu]], [[Templong Zhuodaoquan]] at iba pang mga gusali. Noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Opyo]] (kilala sa Kanluranin bilang Digmaang Arrow, 1856–1860), tinalo ng mga banyagang kapangyarihan ang pamahalaan ng dinastiyang Qing, at nilagdaan nito ang [[mga Kasunduan ng Tianjin]] at ang [[Kumbensiyon ng Peking]], na nagtatakdang gawing mga daungang pangangalakal (''trading ports'') ang labing-isang mga lungsod, kabilang ang Hankou. Noong Disyembre 1858, pinamunuan ni [[James Bruce, Ikawalong Erl ng Elgin]], Mataas na Komisyoner sa Tsina, ang pagbiyahe ng apat na mga barkong pandigma sa Ilog Yangtze patungong Wuhan upang mangalap ng kinakailangang impormasyon para sa pagbubukas ng daungang pangangalakal sa Wuhan.
Noong tagsibol ng 1861, ipinadala sa Wuhan sina Tagapayo Harry Parkes at Almirante Herbert upang buksan ang isang daungang pangangalakal. Sa batayan ng Kumbensiyon ng Peking, tinapos ni Harry Parkes ang Kasunduang Hankou Lend-Lease kasama si Guan Wen, ang gobernador-heneral ng Hunan at Hubei. Ito ay nagpabili ng 30.53 kilometro kuwadrado (11.79 milyang kuwadrado) na sakop sa kahabaan ng Ilog Yangtze (mula sa kasalukuyang Daang Jianghan hanggang Daang Hezuo) upang maging isang Konsesyong Briton at pinahintulutan ang Britanya na makapagtatag ng kanilang konsulado sa konsesyon. Kaya naging isang bukas na daungang pangangalakal ang Hankou.{{citation needed|date=Agosto 2019}}
[[Talaksan:Hankow Bund c. 1900.jpg|thumb|Mga dayuhang konsesyon sa kahabaan ng Hankow Bund, mga taong 1900.]]
Noong 1889, inilipat si [[Zhang Zhidong]], opisyal ng Qing, mula puwestong [[Birey ng Liangguang]] (mga lalawigan ng [[Guangdong]] at [[Guangxi]]) sa [[Birey ng Huguang]] (mga lalawigan ng [[Hunan]] at [[Hubei]]). Pinamunuan niya ang lalawigan s loob ng 18 taon, hanggang 1907. Sa panahong ito, ipinaliwanag niya ang teoriya ng "Tsinong pag-aaral bilang saligan, Kanluraning pag-aaral para sa paglalapat," na kilala bilang huwarang ti-yong. Nagtayo siya ng maraming mga industriyang mabibigat, nagtatag siya Hanyang Steel Plant, Minahang Bakal ng [[Huangshi|Daye]], Minahang Karbón ng Pingxiang, at Hubei Arsenal at nagtayo ng pampook na mga industriyang tela, na nagpasulong sa lumalagong makabagong industriya sa Wuhan. Samantala, sinimulan niya ang pagbabago sa edukasyon. Binuksan niya ang dose-dosenang mga makabagong organisasyon sa edukasyon, tulad ng Akademya ng Klasikong Pag-aaral ng Lianghu (Hunan at Hubei; ''Lianghu Academy of Classical Learning''), Pangkalahatang Suriang Pambayan (''Civil General Institute''), Pangkalahatang Suriang Pangmilitar (''Military General Institute''), Surian ng mga Wikang Dayuhan (''Foreign Languages Institute'') at Pangkalahatang Paaralang Pantagapagturo ng Lianghu (Hunan and Hubei; ''Lianghu General Normal School''), at pumili siya ng maraming mga estudyante para makapag-aral sa ibayong-dagat, na nagpataguyod sa pagpapaunlad ng makabagong edukasyon ng Tsina. Dagdag pa ang pagsasanay niya ng isang makabagong militar at pagbubuo niya ng isang makabagong hukbo sa Hubei. Lahat ng mga ito ay nakapaglatag ng matibay na pundasyon para sa modernisasyon ng Wuhan.{{citation needed|date=Agosto 2019}}
Unang nakilala bilang Hubei Arsenal, ang [[Hanyang Arsenal]] ay itinatag ni [[Zhang Zhidong]] noong 1891. Pinauwi niya ang mga pondong para sa [[Plota ng Nanyang]] sa [[Guangdong]] upang maitayo ang taguan ng mga sandata. Nagkakahalaga ito ng humigit-kumulang 250,000 [[libra esterlina]] at itinayo ito sa loob ng 4 na taon.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=V682XHpDLXoC&pg=PA414&dq=new+chinese+rifle+factory+han+yang#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Chinese Recorder|author=Kathleen L Lodwick|year=2009|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|location=|page=414|isbn=978-1-115-48856-3|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref> On 23 April 1894, construction was completed and the arsenal, occupying some {{Convert|40|acre|m2}}, could start production of small-caliber cannons. It built magazine-fed rifles, Gruson quick fire guns, and cartridges.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=-dlcXDzGf4EC&pg=PA386&dq=new+chinese+rifle+factory+han+yang#v=onepage&q=new%20chinese%20rifle%20factory%20han%20yang&f=false|title=Northern China, the Valley of the Blue River, Korea. 43 Maps and Plans|author=Anon|year=2009|publisher=READ BOOKS|location=|page=386|isbn=978-1-4446-7840-6|accessdate=2010-06-28}}</ref>
====Himagsikang Wuchang====
{{Main|Himagsikang Wuchang}}
[[Talaksan:WuchangUprising.jpg|thumb|left|Memoryal ng Himagsikang Wuchang, ang unang sityo ng pamahalaang rebolusyonaryo noong 1911]]
[[Talaksan:Hankow 1915.jpg|right|thumb|Ang kasalukuyang Wuhan noong 1915]]
Pagsapit ng 1900, ayon sa magasin ng Collier's, Hankau, ang mabilis na lumalago at papaunlad na komunidad sa Ilog Yangtze, ay "ang St. Louis at Chicago ng Tsina."<ref name="Chicago is all over the place" /> Noong Oktubre 10, 1911, inilunsad ng mga tagasunod ni [[Sun Yat-sen]] ang [[Himagsikang Wuchang]] (''Wuchang Uprising''),<ref name="tonsi86">{{cite book |last1=Dai |first1=Yi (戴逸) |last2=Gong |first2=Shuduo (龔書鐸) |year=2003 |script-title=zh:中國通史. 清 |publisher=Intelligence press |isbn=962-8792-89-X |pages=86–89}}</ref> na humantong sa pagbagsak ng [[dinastiyang Qing]],<ref name="fenby">Fenby, Jonathan. [2008] (2008). The History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power. {{ISBN|978-0-7139-9832-0}}. pg 107, pg 116, pg 119.</ref> gayon din ang pagtatatag ng [[Republika ng Tsina (1912–1949)|Republika ng Tsina]].<ref name="Welland, Sasah Su-ling 2007 pg 87">Welland, Sasah Su-ling. [2007] (2007). A Thousand Miles of Dreams: The Journeys of Two Chinese Sisters. Rowman Littlefield Publishing. {{ISBN|0-7425-5314-0}}, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-5314-9}}. pg 87.</ref> Naging kabisera ang Wuhan ng [[Makakaliwang politika|makakaliwa]]ng [[Pamahalaan ng Republika ng Tsina (Wuhan)|pamahalaan]] ng [[Kuomintang]] na pinamunuan ni [[Wang Jingwei]], bilang pagsalungat sa [[Pamahalaang nasyonalista|makakanang pamahalaan]] ni [[Chiang Kai-shek]] noong dekada-1920.
Nagsimula sa Wuhan ang Himagsikang Wuchang ng Oktubre 1911 na nagpatalsik sa dinastiyang Qing.<ref name="tonsi86"/> Bago ang himagsikan, masigasig sa lungsod ang mga samaháng tutol sa Qing. Noong Setyembre 1911, isang pagsiklab ng mga pagtutol sa Sichuan ay pumilit sa mga awtoridad ng Qing na magpadala ng bahagi ng Bagong Hukbong nakahimpil sa Wuhan upang supilin ang panghihimagsik.<ref name="Wangke">Wang, Ke-wen. [1998] (1998). Modern China: An Encyclopedia of History, Culture and Nationalism. Taylor & Francis Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8153-0720-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8153-0720-4}}. pp 390-391.</ref> Noong Setyembre 14, natatag ang ''Literary Society'' ({{zh|labels=no|t=文學社}}) at ang ''Progressive Association'' ({{zh|labels=no|t=共進會}}), dalawang pampook na mga samaháng rebolusyonaryo sa Hubei,<ref name="Wangke"/> ng kanilang magkatulong na himpilan sa Wuchang at nagplano ng isang himagsikan. Sa umaga ng Oktubre 9, sumabog ang isang bomba sa tanggapan ng politikal na kaayusan nang wala pa sa panahon at nagpababala sa mga lokal na awtoridad.<ref name="gongtong6-3">{{cite book |last1=Wang |first1=Hengwei (王恆偉) |year=2006 |script-title=zh:中國歷史講堂 #6 民國. |publisher=[[Zhonghua Book Company]] |isbn=962-8885-29-4 |pages=3–7}}</ref> Ang pagpapahayag ng himagsikan, ''beadroll'' at ang opisyal na sagisag ng mga rebolusyonaryo ay napunta sa mga kamay ni noo'y gobernador-heneral ng Hunan at Hubei na si Rui Cheng, na pinag-utos ang paggiba ng himpilan sa parehong araw at humayo upang huliin ang mga rebolusyonaryong nakatala sa ''beadroll''.<ref name="gongtong6-3"/> Ito ay nagpapilit sa mga rebolusyonaryong maglunsad ng himagsikan nang mas-maaga.<ref name="tonsi86"/>
Sa gabi ng Oktubre 10, nagpaputok ng mga armas ang rebolusyonaryo para ihudyat ang himagsikan sa mga kuwartel inhenyeriya ng [[Bagong Hukbo]] ng Hubei.<ref name="tonsi86"/> Namuno naman sila sa Bagong Hukbo ng lahat ng mga kuwartel para sumali sa rebolusyon.<ref name="spence">Spence, Jonathan D. [1990] (1990). The Search for Modern China. W. W. Norton & Company. {{ISBN|0-393-30780-8}}, {{ISBN|978-0-393-30780-1}}. pp 250-256.</ref> Sa ilalim ng paggabay nina Wu Zhaolin, Cai Jimin at iba pa, kinuha ng hukbong rebolusyonaryo na ito ang opisyal na tiráhan ng gobernador at mga tanggapan ng pamahalaan.<ref name="Wangke"/> Nagsitakas si Rui Cheng papunta sa barkong Chuyu. Tumakas din sa lungsod si Zhang Biao, ang komandante ng hukbong Qing. Umaga ng ika-11, nakuha ng hukbo rebolusyonaryo ang buong lungsod ng Wuchang, ngunit naglaho ang mga pinuno tulad nina Jiang Yiwu at Sun Wu.<ref name="tonsi86"/> Kaya inirekomenda ng walang pinuno na hukbong rebolusyonaryo si [[Li Yuanhong]], ang pangalawang gobernador ng hukbong Qing, bilang púnong komandante.<ref name="Harrison">Harrison Henrietta. [2000] (2000). The Making of the Republican Citizen: Political Ceremonies and Symbols in China, 1911-1929. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-829519-7}}, {{ISBN|978-0-19-829519-8}}. pp 16-17.</ref> Itinatag ni Li ang Pamahalaang Militar ng Hubei, inihayag ang pagbuwag ng pamumunong Qing sa Hubei, ang pagtatatag ng ng Republika ng Tsina at inilathala ang isang bukas na telegrama na humihikayat sa ibang mga lalawigan na sumama sa rebolusyon.<ref name="tonsi86"/><ref name="Wangke"/>
Pagkalat ng rebolusyon sa ibang mga bahagi ng bansa, itinuon ng pamahalaang Qing ang mga puwersang militar na loyalista upang supilin ang himagsikan sa Wuhan. Mula Oktubre 17 hanggang Disyembre 1, ipinagtanggol ng hukbong rebolusyonaryo at mga pampook na boluntaryo ang lungsod sa [[Labanan sa Yangxia]] laban sa mas-marami at mas-malakas sa armas na mga puwersang Qing na pinamunuan ni [[Yuan Shikai]]. Darating sa Wuhan si [[Huang Xing]] noong unang bahagi ng Nobyembre upang pamunuan ang hukbong rebolusyonaryo.<ref name="Wangke"/> Kasunod ng matinding labanan at maraming namatay at nasugatan, sinakop ng mga puwersa ng Qing ang Hankou at Hanyang. Subalit nagkasundo si Yuan na ihinto ang naka-ambang na pagsakop sa Wuchang at sumali sa mga usapang pangkapayapaan, na magbubunga paglaon sa pagbalik ni Sun Yat-sen mula sa pagkatapon at pagtatatag ng Republika ng China noong Enero 1, 1912.<ref name="Welland, Sasah Su-ling 2007 pg 87"/><ref name="Bergere">Bergere, Marie-Claire. Lloyd Janet. [2000] (2000). Sun Yat-sen. Stanford University Press. {{ISBN|0-8047-4011-9}}, {{ISBN|978-0-8047-4011-1}}. p 207.</ref> Sa pamamagitan ng Himagsikang Wuchang, nakilala rin ang Wuhan bilang dakong sinilangan ng [[Rebolusyong Xinhai]] na ipinangalan mula sa taong Xinhai sa kalendaryong Tsino.<ref name="tvbs">{{cite web |url=http://www.tvbs.com.tw/news/news_list.asp?no=yehmin20101010132707 |script-title=zh:雙十節是? 陸民眾:「國民黨」國慶 |publisher=TVBS |language=zh-tw |accessdate=2011-10-08 |title=Archived copy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110111857/http://www.tvbs.com.tw/news/news_list.asp?no=yehmin20101010132707 |archive date=November 10, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> May mga museo at memoryal ang lungsod bilang pag-ala-ala sa rebolusyon at libu-libong mga martir na namatay habang ipinagtatanggol ang rebolusyon.
===Republika ng Tsina===
[[Talaksan:Hankou 1930.jpg|thumb|left|Isang mapa ng Wuhan na ipininta ng mga Hapones noong 1930, kalakip ang Hankou bilang pinakamaunlad na bahagi]]
Kalakip ng hilagang karugtong ng [[Northern Expedition]], lumipat ang sentro ng Dakilang Rebolusyon sa limasan ng Ilog Yangtze mula sa limasan ng [[Ilog Perlas (Tsina)|Ilog Perlas]]. Noong Nobyembre 26, ipinasya ng KMT Central Political Committee na [[Mga makasaysayang kabisera ng Tsina|ilipat ang kabisera]] sa Wuhan mula Guangzhou. Noong kalagitnaan ng Disyembre, dumating sa Wuhan ang karamihan sa mga komisyoner ng ehekutibong sentral ng KMT at komisyoner ng pamahalaang pambansa, nagtatag ng pansamantalang pagpupulong na magkasama ang komisyoner ng ehekutibong sentral ng KMT at komisyoner ng pamahalaang pambansa, ginampanan ang pangunahing mga aktibidad ng punong tanggapan ng partidong sentral at ng Pamahalaang Nasyonal, inihayag na magtatrabaho sila sa Wuhan noong Enero 1, 1927, at ipinasiyang pagsamahin ang mga bayan ng Wuchang, Hankou, at Hanyang para gawing Lungsod ng Wuhan, na tinawag na "Distritong Kapital". Ang pamahalaang pambansa ay nasa Gusaling Nanyang sa Hankou, habang pinili ng mga punong tanggapn ng partidong sentral at ng ibang mga samahán na maghimpil sa Hankou o Wuchang.<ref name="Remaking the Chinese City"/>
Noong Marso 1927, dumalo si [[Mao Zedong]] sa Ikatlong Plenum ng Komite ng Ehekutibong Sentral ng KMT sa Wuhan, na nilayong tanggalan si Heneral Chiang ng kaniyang kapangyarihan at hirangin si [[Wang Jingwei]] bilang pinuno. Naantala ang unang yugto ng Northern Expedition dahil sa hidwaang politikal sa Kuomintang kasunod ng pagbubuo ng pangkat sa [[Nanjing]] noong Abril 1927 laban sa umiiral na pangkat sa Wuhan.{{sfn|Taylor|2009|page=68}} Nagkita sa Wuhan ang mga kasapi ng [[Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]] na nakaligtas mula sa masaker ng Abril 12 atmuling inihalal si [[Chen Duxiu]] (Ch'en Tu-hsiu) bilang Kalihim Heneral ng Partido.<ref>Robert Jackson Alexander, ''International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement'' (Duke University Press, 1991) p206</ref> May bahaging inudyukan ng [[Masaker sa Shanghai|paglilinis ng mga Komunista]] sa loob ng partido ang politikal na hidwaan, na tumanda ng katapusan ng [[First United Front]], at samdaling bumaba sa puwesto ng pagiging komandante ng Pambansang Hukbong Katihan ng Rebolusyonaryo si [[Chiang Kai-shek]].{{sfn|Taylor|2009|page=72}}
Noong Hunyo 1927, nagpadala si [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]] ng isang telegrama sa mga Komunista sa Wuhan, na humihiling ng mobilisasyon ng isang hukbo ng mga manggagawa at magsasaká.<ref>Harrison, ''The Long March to Power'', p. 111</ref> Ikina-alarma ito ni Wang Jingwei, na pumasiyang wakasan ang ugnayan sa mga Komunista at makipagkasundo kay Chiang Kai-shek. Ang [[kudeta sa Wuhan]] ay isang pagbabagong pampolitika noong Hulyo 15, 1927 na ginawa ni Wang Jingwei tungo kay Chiang Kai-shek at sa kaniyang karibal na pangkat ng KMT na nakabase sa [[Shanghai]]. Itinatag sa Wuhan noong Pebrero 21, 1927 ang Pamahalaang Nasyonalista ng Wuhan, at natapos noong Agosto 19, 1927.<ref name="Clark">Clark, Anne Biller. Clark, Anne Bolling. Klein, Donald. Klein, Donald Walker. [1971] (1971). Harvard Univ. Biographic Dictionary of Chinese communism. Original from the University of Michigan v.1. Digitized Dec 21, 2006. p 134.</ref> Pagkaraan ng katapusan ng Northern Expedition, itinaas ang pangmunisipyong antas ng Hankou sa munisipalidad na kontrolado ng pambansang pamahalaan.
Noong [[pagbaha sa Tsina ng 1931]] na isa sa pinakanakamamatay na pagbaha sa kasaysayan ng mundo, naging kanlungan ang Wuhan para sa mga biktima ng pagbaha mula sa mga kalapit na lugar, na dumaragsa na simula noong kahulihan ng tagsibol. Ngunit nang bumaha mismo ang lungsod noong simula ng tag-init, at kasunod ng nakamiminsalang pagbigay ng dike bago mag-alas-6 ng umaga noong Hulyo 27,<ref name=Graves>{{cite book|author=William Graves|title=The Torrent of Life (Journey into China)|url=https://archive.org/details/journeyintochina00nati|year=1982|edition=5th|publisher=National Geographic Society|isbn=978-0-87044-437-1}}</ref>{{rp|270}} tinatayang 782,189 urbanong mamamayan at rural na mga bakwit ang nawalan ng tirahan. Sumakop ang baha sa lawak na 32 milya kuwadrado, at nasa maraming talampakan ng tubig ang taas ng baha sa lungsod na tumagal ng halos tatlong mga buwan.<ref name=Graves/>{{rp|269–270}} Maraming nagtipon sa mga pulo o mga tuyong bahagi ng lupa ng lungsod, kalakip ng 30,000 na kumubli sa isang pilapil ng daambakal sa gitnang Hankou. Dahil sa kakulangan ng makakain at pagguho ng kalagayang pangkalinisan sa lungsod, libu-libo ang binawian ng buhay dulot ng mga sakit.<ref name=Courtney>{{cite book|author=Chris Courtney|title=The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1DhFDwAAQBAJ|year=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-41777-8}}</ref>Inilarawan ni Jin Shilong, Nakatataas na Inhinyero sa Hubei Flood Prevention Agency, ang pagbaha (sa Ingles):<blockquote>''There was no warning, only a sudden great wall of water. Most of Wuhan's buildings in those days were only one story high, and for many people there was no escape- they died by the tens of thousands. ... I was just coming off duty at the company's main office, a fairly new three-story building near the center of town ... When I heard the terrible noise and saw the wall of water coming, I raced to the top story of the building. ... I was in one of the tallest and strongest buildings left standing. At that time no one knew whether the water would subside or rise even higher.''<ref name="Graves" />{{rp|270}}</blockquote>Umabot ang pinakamataas na marka ng tubig-baha noong Agosto 19 sa [[Hankou]], na umabot ng 16 metro (53 talampakan) na higit pa sa karaniwan.<ref name="pietz">Pietz, David (2002). ''Engineering the State: The Huai River and Reconstruction in Nationalist China 1927–1937''. Routledge. {{ISBN|0-415-93388-9}}. pp. xvii, 61–70.</ref><ref>[[Winchester, Simon]] (2004). ''[[The River at the Center of the World: A Journey Up the Yangtze, and Back in Chinese Time]].'' Macmillan. {{ISBN|0-312-42337-3}}.</ref> Noong 1936, nang tumama ang likas na sakuna sa [[Gitnang China]] na nagdulot ng malawakang pagbaha sa [[Hebei]], [[Hunan]], [[Jiangxi]], Wuhan at [[Chongqing]] sanhi ng pag-apaw ng mga Ilog [[Yangtze]] at [[Ilog Huai|Huai]], lumikom ng pera at mga materyal si [[Ong Seok Kim]], Kalihim ng Sitiawan Fundraising and Disaster Relief Committee, bilang suporta sa mga biktima.<ref name=eresources>'http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Searchresults.aspx?q=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8F%94%E9%87%91&ct=article&ct=advertisement&ct=illustration&ct=letter&df=01%2F01%2F1923&dt=31%2F12%2F1970&t=nysp&mode=advanced&lang {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131132320/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Searchresults.aspx?q=%E7%8E%8B%E5%8F%94%E9%87%91&ct=article&ct=advertisement&ct=illustration&ct=letter&df=01%2F01%2F1923&dt=31%2F12%2F1970&t=nysp&mode=advanced&lang |date=January 31, 2016 }}</ref><ref>''Nanyang Siang Pau''. Kuala Lumpur, 20 April 1940, p.13</ref><ref>''Nanyang Siang Pau''. Kuala Lumpur, 2 September 1935, p.8</ref><ref>''Nanyang Siang Pau''. Kuala Lumpur, 21 May 1938, p.14</ref>
[[Talaksan:Zhongshan Warship 1.jpg|thumb|Bapor kanyonero ng ''Zhongshan'']]
Noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Tsino-Hapones]] at kasunod ng pagbagsak ng Nanking noong Disyembre 1937, naging pansamantalang kabisera ng pamahalaang Kuomintang ng Tsina ang Wuhan, at naging isa pang sentro ng pakikipaglaban sa himpapawid simula noong unang bahagi ng 1938 sa pagitan ng makabagong [[pang-isahang eroplano]] na nagdadala ng bomba at eroplanong pandigma ng mga puwersa ng Hukbong Imperyal ng Hapon at ang [[Hukbong Himpapawid ng Tsina (paglilinaw)|Hukbong Himpapawid ng Tsina]], na kinabibilangan ng suporta mula sa [[Soviet Volunteer Group]] sa kapuwang mga eroplano at tauhan, habang naglaho ang suporta mula sa Estados Unidos sa mga kagamitang pandigma.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1938.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806215340/http://surfcity.kund.dalnet.se/sino-japanese-1938.htm |archive-date=August 6, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Habang nagpatuloy ang labanan noong 1938, ang Wuhan pati ang nakapaligid na rehiyon ay naging sityo ng [[Labanan sa Wuhan]]. Pagkaraang kinuha ng mga Hapones noong kahulihan ng 1938, naging isang pangunahing sentro ng mga operasyong lohistika ng mga Hapones ang Wuhan sa katimugang Tsina.
[[Talaksan:Chiang Kai-Shek in Wuhan University.jpg|left|thumb|Si Chiang Kai-Shek na sinusuri ang mga sundalong Tsino sa Wuhan habang papalapit ang mga puwersang Hapones sa lungsod]]
Noong unang bahagi ng Oktubre 1938, pumunta sa silangan at hilaga ang mga hukbong Hapones sa dakong labas ng Wuhan. Dahil diyan, kinailangang lumipat pakanluran sa Hubei at Sichuan ang maraming mga kompanya at negosyo pati maraming bilang ng tao. Ang hukbong dagat ng KMT ay bumalikat ng pananagutan ng pagdepensa ng Ilog Yangtze sa pamamagitan ng pagpapatrolya. Noong Oktubre 24, nakipagdigma ang ''[[Tsinong bapor kanyonero Chung Shan|Zhongshan]]'', [[bapor kanyonero]] ng KMT, sa anim na mga sasakyang panghimpapawid ng mga Hapones habang nagpapatrolya ng mga katubigan ng Ilog Yangtze malapit sa bayan ng Jinkou (Distrito ng Jiangxia sa Wuhan) sa Wuchang. Bagamat napabagsak ng ''Zhongshan'' ang dalawa sa mga eroplano, pinalubog ng mga Hapones ang bapor kanyonero na ikinasawi ng 25. Noong 1997 iniahon ito mula sa kailaliman ng Ilog Yangtze at inayos ito sa isang pampook na gawaan ng barko. Kasalukuyang nasa isang museong itinayo nang may layon sa [[Distrito ng Jiangxia]] ang ''Zhongshan'', na binuksan noong Setyembre 26, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://newscontent.cctv.com/news.jsp?fileId=117667|title=HOME-CCTVPLUS|website=newscontent.cctv.com}}{{Dead link|date=August 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Bilang mahalagang sentro sa Yangtze, isang mahalagang base ang Wuhan para sa mga operasyong Hapones sa Tsina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinaww2.com/2015/09/12/the-us-firebombing-of-wuhan-part-1/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210230/http://www.chinaww2.com/2015/09/12/the-us-firebombing-of-wuhan-part-1/ |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Noong Disyembre 18, 1944, binomba ang Wuhan ng 77 eroplanong Amerikano na nagdadala ng bomba, at humantong sa isang mapaminsalang sunog na ikinawasak sa malaking bahagi ng lungsod.<ref name="Fenby, Jonathan page 447">Fenby, Jonathan ''Chiang Kai-Shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost'', New York: Carroll & Graf, 2004 page 447.</ref> Sa loob ng susunod na tatlong mga araw, binomba ng mga Amerikano ang Wuhan, na nagpawasak sa lahat ng mga daungan at bodega ng lungsod, pati na ang mga baseng panghimpapawid ng mga Hapones sa lungsod. Ikinasawi ng libu-libong mga Tsinong sibilyan ang mga pambobombang ito.<ref name="Fenby, Jonathan page 447"/> "Ayon sa estadistika ng mga nadisgrasya na tinipon ng lungsod ng Hankou noong 1946, higit sa 20,000 katao ang namatay o nasugatan sa mga pambobomba noong Disyembre 1944."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chinaww2.com/2015/09/16/the-us-firebombing-of-wuhan-part-2/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210205/http://www.chinaww2.com/2015/09/16/the-us-firebombing-of-wuhan-part-2/ |archive-date=February 18, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
Bumalik ang Wuhan sa pamamahala ng Tsina noong Setyembre 1945. Sa pangasiwaan, unang sinama ang Wuchang at Hanyang upang mabuo ang bagong Lungsod ng Wuchang, subalit noong Oktubre 1946 hiniwalay ang mga ito bilang Lungsod ng Wuchang (kasama ang Wuchang) at Kondado ng Hanyang. Naging isang munisipalidad na kontrolado ng estado ang Hankou noong Agosto 1947. Sa militar na pangasiwaan, itinatag sa Wuhan ang Wuhan Forward Headquarters na pinamunuan ni [[Bai Chongxi]].<ref>{{harvnb|皮明庥,郑自来|2011|pp=108–109}}</ref>
[[Talaksan:PLA troops enter to Hankou.jpg|thumb|Mga hukbo ng [[Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan]] sa Abenida Zhongshan, Hankou noong Mayo 16, 1949]]
Sa kasagsagan ng mga huling yugto ng [[Digmaang Sibil ng Tsina]], hinangad ni Bai na makipagpayapaan, at ipinanukala na maaring mamuno sa hilagang Tsina ang Partido Komunista habang sa katimugang Tsina naman ang pamahalaang Nasyonalista. Hindi ito tinanggap, at nilisan ni Bai at ng garison ng Wuhan ang lungsod noong Mayo 15, 1949. Pumasok sa Wuhan ang mga hukbo ng Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan noong hapon ng Mayo 16, 1949, Lunes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lifeweek.com.cn/2009/0407/24556.shtml|script-title=zh:1949年5月的武汉_三联生活周刊|last=三联生活周刊|website=www.lifeweek.com.cn|quote={{lang|zh-Hans|在一片树林里找到了解放军118师的师部,然后带着部队走进了武汉,进武汉市的时候已经是18点了"。{...}16日,解放军进城,{...}5月16日17点,张林苏就进了武汉。}}|title=Archived copy|access-date=February 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210757/http://www.lifeweek.com.cn/2009/0407/24556.shtml|archive-date=February 18, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|script-title=zh:武汉地下斗争回忆录|publisher=Hubei People's Press |year=1981|last1=Hu |first1=Puchen (胡甫臣) |page=383|quote={{lang|zh-Hans|共军于下午二时初刻自两端入城}}|id = [[:zh:统一书号|统一书号 (National Standard Book Number of China)]] 11106·136}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=陈芳国|year=2009|title=武汉解放述略|journal=武汉文史资料|volume=|issue=4|pages=4–10}}</ref>
===Republikang Bayan ng Tsina===
[[Talaksan:Wuhan-Flood-Memorial-0220.jpg|thumb|Sa kaniyang tula na "''Swimming''" (1956) na nakaukit sa Bantayóg ng [[Mga pagbaha sa Ilog Yangtze ng 1954|Pagbaha noong 1954]] sa Wuhan, nakikini-kinita ni [[Mao Zedong]] ang "mga pader ng bato" na itatayo salungat sa agos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/poems/poems23.htm |title="Swimming" by Mao Zedong |publisher=Marxists.org |accessdate=August 1, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912071107/http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/poems/poems23.htm |archive-date=September 12, 2009 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>|left]]
Muling itinatag ang [[Komisyon ng Katubigan ng Changjiang]] noong Pebrero 1950 kalakip ng mga punong tanggapan nito sa Wuhan. Mula Hunyo hanggang Setyembre 1954, naganap sa lalawigan ng Hubei ang nakamiminsalang [[Mga pagbaha sa Ilog Yangtze ng 1954|mga pagbaha sa Ilog Yangtze]]. Dahil sa di-karaniwang dami ng pag-ulan gayon din ang pambihirang mahabang tag-ulan sa gitnang kahabaan ng Ilog Yangtze noong tag-sibol ng 1954, nagsimulang tumaas ang ilog mula sa karaniwang lebel nito noong huling bahagi ng Hunyo. Noong 1969, itinayo ang isang malaking bantayog na bato sa liwasan sa tabi ng ilog sa Hankou upang bigyang parangal sa mga kabayanihan sa paglaban sa mga pagbaha noong 1954.
Bago ang pagtatayo ng [[Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan]], binuo ng [[Kompanyang Makina ng Hunslet]] ang dalawang mabibigat na mga lokomotibong [[0-8-0]] para ilulan ang mga [[train ferry]] para makatawid sa Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan.
Ang proyektong pagtatayo ng Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan, kilala rin bilang Unang Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze, ay tinuring na isa sa pangunahing mga proyekto ng unang panlimang taon na panukala. Nagsimula ang pagtatayo sa mismong tulay noong Oktubre 25, 1955. Sa parehong araw ng 1957 natapos ang proyekto, at idinaos ang seremonya ng pagbubukas nito sa trapiko noong Oktubre 15. Pinagsama ng Unang Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze ang [[Daambakal ng Beijing–Hankou]] sa [[Daambakal ng Guangdong–Hankou]] upang maging [[Daambakal ng Beijing–Guangzhou]], kaya binansagang 'lansangang bayan sa siyam na mga lalawigan' ({{zh|labels=no|t={{linktext|九省通衢}}}}) ang Wuhan.
Kasunod ng Kumperensiya ng Chengdu, pumunta si Mao sa Chongqing at Wuhan noong Abril upang suriin ang kanayunan at mga pabrika. Sa Wuhan, tinawagan niya ang lahat ng mga pinuno ng mga lalawigan at munisipalidad na hindi dumalo sa kumperensiya na magbigay ng ulat ng kanilang trabaho. Ayon kay Tian Jiaying na kalihim ni Mao, ang Kumperensiya ng Wuhan ay pandagdag sa Kumperensiya ng Chengdu.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=Li Rui wen ji.|last=1917-|first=Li, Rui|last2=1917-|first2=李锐|date=2007|publisher=Xianggang she hui ke xue jiao yu chu ban you xian gong si|isbn=9789889958114|location=[Xianggang]|pages=|oclc=688480117}}</ref>
Noong Hulyo 1967, sumiklab ang alitang sibil sa lungsod sa kasagsagan ng [[Insidente sa Wuhan]] ("Insidente ng ika-20 ng Hulyo"), isang armadong labanan sa pagitan ng dalawang magkalabang mga pangkat na nakikilaban para sa pamumuno ng lungsod noong karurukan ng [[Himagsikang Pangkalinangan]].<ref>{{Cite journal | author=Thomas W. Robinson| jstor=652320 | title=The Wuhan Incident: Local Strife and Provincial Rebellion During the Cultural Revolution | journal=[[The China Quarterly]] | date=1971 | issue=47 | pages=413–18}}</ref>
Noong 1981, sinimulan ng pamahalaang lungsod ng Wuhan ang muling pagtatayo ng [[Toreng Yellow Crane]] sa bagong lokasyon, mga 1 kilometro (0.62 milya) mula sa sinaunang sityo, at natapos ito noong 1985. Nawasak ang pinakahuling tore sa orihinal na lokasyon nito noong 1884, at nang itinayo ang Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan noong 1957 ang isa sa mga ''trestle'' nito ay nasa dating sityo ng tore.<ref name="Wang2016">{{cite book|author=Fang Wang|title=Geo-Architecture and Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context: Volume 1 Geo-Architecture Wandering in the Landscape|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFUWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|date=14 April 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-981-10-0483-4|pages=43–|access-date=March 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304052932/https://books.google.com/books?id=oFUWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA43|archive-date=March 4, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Noong kasagsagan ng [[mga pagpoprotesta sa Liwasan ng Tiananmen noong 1989]], hinarang ng mga mag-aaral sa Wuhan ang [[Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan|tulay pandaambakal ng Ilog Yangtze]] at nagtipon ang 4,000 pang mag-aaral sa estasyong daambakal.<ref name="Zhang2001">{{cite book |last=Zhang |first=Liang |editor1-first=Andrew |editor1-last=Nathan |editor1-link=Andrew Nathan |editor2-first=Perry|editor2-last=Link |editor2-link=Perry Link |title=The Tiananmen Papers |publisher= Public Affairs |year=2001 |isbn = 978-1-58648-122-3 |ref=harv |title-link=The Tiananmen Papers }}</ref>{{rp|400}} Nagsagawa ng isang <nowiki>'</nowiki>''sit-in''<nowiki>'</nowiki> sa riles ang humigit-kumulang sanlibong mga estudyante. Natigil ang daloy ng trapikong riles sa kahabaan ng mga linyang Beijing-Guangzhou at Wuhan-Dalian. Hinikayat din ng mga mag-aaral ang mga empleyado ng pangunahing mga negosyong pagmamay-ari ng pamahalaan na magwelga.<ref name="Zhang2001"/>{{rp|405}} Napakaigting ng sitwasyon kaya iniulat na nag-''bank run'' {{efn|name=fn2|Ang ''[[bank run]]'' sa wikang Ingles ay ang nagkakaisang pagkilos ng maraming mga ''depositor'' na nais i-''withdraw'' ang kanilang pera mula sa isang bangko dahil sa pag-aakala o sa tingin nila ay babagsak ito.<ref>https://glosbe.com/en/tl/bank%20run</ref>}} ang mga residente at nag-''[[panic-buying]]'' sila.<ref name="Zhang2001"/>{{rp|408}}
[[Talaksan:HUST-Main-building-4112.jpg|thumb|Ang pangunahing gusali ng [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]], kasama ang bantayog ni Mao Zedong sa harap nito]]
Bunga ng [[pagbobomba ng Estados Unidos sa embahada ng Tsina sa Belgrade]] noong Mayo 7, 1999, sumiklab ang mga pagpoprotesta sa Tsina, kasama sa Wuhan.<ref name="washpost">{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/stories/beijing050999.htm|date=9 May 1999|accessdate=7 May 2019|quote=Xian, Wuhan and Chongqing, as well as Hong Kong, were among other cities where protests exploded.|title=Thousands Vent Anger in China's Cities|author=John Pomfret, Michael Laris|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315015246/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/balkans/stories/beijing050999.htm|archive-date=March 15, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
Noong Hunyo 22, 2000, isang [[Wuhan Airlines Flight 343|lipad ng Wuhan Airlines]] mula [[Paliparan ng Enshi Xujiaping|Enshi]] papuntang Wuhan ay napilitang umikot sa loob ng 30 minuto dahil sa pagkidlat at pagkulog. Bumagsak ang eroplano kalaunan sa mga pampang ng [[Ilog Han (Hubei)|Ilog Han]] sa [[Distrito ng Hanyang]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/china/2000-06-22/100012.html|script-title=zh:祸从天降:汉江边4人被武汉坠毁飞机扫入江中|date=2000-06-22|publisher=Sina|language=zh-hans|accessdate=2009-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180221035549/http://news.sina.com.cn/china/2000-06-22/100012.html|archive-date=February 21, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> na ikinasawi ng lahat na nakasakay rito (may samu't-saring mga tala ng bilang ng mga pasahero at tripulante). Pitong katao sa kalupaan ang namatay rin sa pagkabagsak nito.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4493047.stm|title=How planes survive lightning|date=2005-04-28|last=Geoghegan|first=Tom|work=BBC News Magazine|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220213140/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/4493047.stm|archive-date=February 20, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airsafe.com/events/airlines/prc.htm|title=Fatal Events Since 1970 for Airlines of the People's Republic of China|date=2007-12-10|publisher=AirSafe.com|accessdate=2009-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220212824/http://www.airsafe.com/events/airlines/prc.htm|archive-date=February 20, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06222000®=B-3479&airline=Wuhan+Airlines |title=Accident Report |access-date=February 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103012719/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=06222000®=B-3479&airline=Wuhan+Airlines |archive-date=January 3, 2009 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
[[Ugnayang Tsina–Pransiya#Mga hidwaan noong 2008|Nagorganisa ang mga nagpoprotestang Tsino protesters ng mga boykot]] sa tingiang tindahan ng Pranses na [[Carrefour]] sa pangunahing mga lungsod kabilang na sa [[Kunming]], [[Hefei]] at Wuhan. Ipinaratang nila sa bansang Pransiya ang sabwatang maka-sesyonista at [[kontra-Tsino]]ng rasismo.<ref name="reuters1">{{cite news | url = https://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/searchpopup?picId=3943345 | title = National flag of France with Hakenkreuz added by Chinese protesters | work = Reuters | date = April 19, 2008 | accessdate = April 19, 2008 | language = French | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110525003022/http://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/searchpopup?picId=3943345 | archive-date = May 25, 2011 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Iniulat ng BBC na daan-daang katao ang nag-demonstrasyon sa Beijing, Wuhan, Hefei, Kunming at [[Qingdao]].<ref name="news1">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7356107.stm "Anti-French rallies across China"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218212727/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7356107.stm |date=February 18, 2018 }}, BBC, April 19, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/searchpopup?picId=3943345 |title=National flag of France with Hakenkreuz added by Chinese protesters |work=Reuters |date=2008-04-19 |accessdate=2008-04-19 |language=French |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525003022/http://www.reuters.com/news/pictures/searchpopup?picId=3943345 |archive-date=May 25, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Noong Mayo 19, 2011, tinamaan sa kaniyang dibdib si [[Fang Binxing]], punong guro ng [[Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications]] at kilala ring "Ama ng [[Dakilang Firewall ng Tsina]]",<ref name=WSJ>{{cite news|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2010/12/20/father-of-chinas-great-firewall-shouted-off-own-microblog/|title='Father' of China's Great Firewall Shouted Off Own Microblog – China Real Time Report – WSJ|date=20 December 2010|newspaper=[[Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=25 December 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119154634/https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2010/12/20/father-of-chinas-great-firewall-shouted-off-own-microblog/|archive-date=November 19, 2017|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|publisher=Yunnan Information Times|script-title=zh:"防火墙之父"北邮校长方滨兴微博遭网民"围攻"|url=http://china.nfdaily.cn/content/2010-12/23/content_18691581.htm|date=23 December 2010|accessdate=20 May 2011|language=zh-hans|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721182306/http://china.nfdaily.cn/content/2010-12/23/content_18691581.htm|archive-date=July 21, 2011|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ng isang sapatos na inihagis ng isang mag-aaral sa [[Huazhong University of Science and Technology]] na kinilala ang sarili bilang "hanjunyi" ({{lang|zh|寒君依}} o {{lang|zh-hant|小湖北}}), habang nagbibigay siya ng isang lektyur sa [[Unibersidad ng Wuhan]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13455819 |title=China's Great Firewall designer 'hit by shoe |publisher=BBC |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529220019/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-13455819 |archive-date=May 29, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chinese.rfi.fr/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20110519-gfw%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%B6%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E9%81%AD%E9%81%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%89%94%E9%9E%8B%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE |script-title=zh:GFW之父武汉大学演讲遭遇学生扔鞋抗议 |publisher=RTI |language=zh-hans |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141117044555/http://www.chinese.rfi.fr/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20110519-gfw%E4%B9%8B%E7%88%B6%E6%AD%A6%E6%B1%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%B2%E9%81%AD%E9%81%87%E5%AD%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%89%94%E9%9E%8B%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE |archive-date=November 17, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2011-05-19-AS-China-Great-Firewall/id-8d49097381ed4d75a49869d917315339 |title=Designer of Chinese web controls hit by shoe |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=19 May 2011 |publisher=Associated Press |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524000331/http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/495d344a0d10421e9baa8ee77029cfbd/Article_2011-05-19-AS-China-Great-Firewall/id-8d49097381ed4d75a49869d917315339 |archivedate=24 May 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/world/asia/20china.html |title=Chinese Student Takes Aim, Literally, at Internet Regulator |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=20 May 2011 |newspaper=NY Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710031853/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/world/asia/20china.html |archive-date=July 10, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://china.nfdaily.cn/content/2011-05/20/content_24355339.htm |script-title=zh:微博热点:方滨兴武汉大学遇"扔鞋"抗议? |work=Yunnan Information Times |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=20 May 2011 |language=zh-hans |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523071733/http://china.nfdaily.cn/content/2011-05/20/content_24355339.htm |archive-date=May 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8tohFUmhv3P-HvuaY64AFNcz2DA?docId=CNG.d3d11f5391ecef13ea0a591708a328de.651 |title=Shoe attack on China web censor sparks online buzz(AFP) |date=19 May 2011 |accessdate=11 January 2012 |publisher=AFP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110804071905/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j8tohFUmhv3P-HvuaY64AFNcz2DA?docId=CNG.d3d11f5391ecef13ea0a591708a328de.651 |archive-date=August 4, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
Matagal nang puntirya ng nakapipinsalang mga pagbaha ang lungsod, at sinasabing makokontrol ang mga ito ng mapaghangad na proyektong [[Saplad ng Tatlong Bangin]], na natapos noong 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/1039/60370/62598/63180/4385148.html |script-title= zh:三峡工程的防洪作用将提前两年实现-经济-人民网 |work= People's Daily |accessdate= August 1, 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110719143742/http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/1039/60370/62598/63180/4385148.html |archive-date= July 19, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chn-consulate-sapporo.or.jp/chn/ztxw/t252626.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20071225105726/http://www.chn-consulate-sapporo.or.jp/chn/ztxw/t252626.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 25, 2007 |script-title=zh:三峡工程防洪、通航、发电三大效益提前全面发挥 |publisher=Chn-consulate-sapporo.or.jp |date=May 16, 2006 |accessdate=August 1, 2009 }}</ref> Ikinasira ng [[bagyong taglamig sa Tsina noong 2008]] ang panustos mg tubig sa Wuhan: aabot sa 100,000 katao ang nawalan ng suplay ng tubig nang pumutok ang ilang tubo.<ref name = reuteralertnet>{{cite news
| author = Reuters Alertnet
| title = CWS appeal: China winter storm response
| publisher = Reuters Alertnet
| url = http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/284081/120233093434.htm%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0%0A%C2%A0
| date = 2008-02-06
| access-date = February 18, 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090416020815/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/fromthefield/284081/120233093434.htm
| archive-date = Abril 16, 2009
| url-status = dead
| df = mdy-all
}}</ref> Tumama ang [[bugso ng init sa Hilagang Emisperyo noong tag-init ng 2010|bugso ng init sa Hilagang Emisperyo ng 2010]] sa Wuhan noong Hulyo 3.<ref name="english.sina.com">{{cite web|url=http://english.sina.com/china/p/2010/0704/327546.html|title=Heat wave sweeps parts of China - China News|publisher=SINA English|accessdate=2010-07-28| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100707102157/http://english.sina.com/china/p/2010/0704/327546.html| archivedate= 7 July 2010 | url-status= live}}</ref>
Noong [[pagbaha sa Tsina ng 2010]], naranasan ng [[Ilog Han (Hubei)|Ilog Han]] sa Wuhan ang pinakamalalang pagbaha sa loob ng dalawampung mga tao, habang ipinagpatuloy ng mga opisyal ang pagsasalansan ng mga sako ng buhangin (''sandbags'') sa kahabaan ng mg Ilog Han at Yangtze sa lungsod at isinuri ang mga imbakan ng tubig.<ref name="guardian28">{{cite news |last=Associated Press |first=Guardian |title=China's Three Gorges dam close to limit as heavy rains persist |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/28/china-dam-rain-floods |accessdate=6 August 2010 |newspaper=guardian.co.uk |date=28 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622232710/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/28/china-dam-rain-floods |archive-date=June 22, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Binaha muli ang lungsod noong [[Pagbaha sa Tsina ng 2011|pagbaha ng 2011]], at ilang bahagi nito ay nawalan ng kuryente.<ref>{{cite web|title=Heavy rainfall hits Wuhan, causing waterlogging and power interruption|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2011-06/10/c_13922074.htm|publisher=Xinhua|accessdate=10 June 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107215231/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/photo/2011-06/10/c_13922074.htm|archive-date=November 7, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Noong [[pagbaha sa Tsina ng 2016]], naranasan ng Wuhan ang 570 milimetro (22 pulgada) ng pag-ulan sa unang linggo ng Hulyo, lagpas sa tala ng pag-ulan noong 1991. Itinaas ang ''[[Babala sa baha|red alert]]'' para sa mabigat na pag-ulan noong Hulyo 2, ang parehong araw kung kailang namatay ang walong katao nang bumagsak sa kanila ang isang 15-metro (49 talampakang) bahagi ng isang mataas na pader na 2 metro (6.6 talampakan) ang taas.<ref>{{cite news|title=8 dead after rain topples wall in C. China- China.org.cn|url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2016-07/02/content_38798450.htm|accessdate=8 July 2016|work=China Internet Information Center|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010184416/http://www.china.org.cn/china/2016-07/02/content_38798450.htm|archive-date=October 10, 2016|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Bahagyang lumubog sa baha ang sistemang subway ng lungsod, ang [[Wuhan Metro]], pati ang [[Estasyong daangbakal ng Wuhan|pangunahing estasyong daangbakal]] ng lungsod.<ref name=scmp>{{cite news|last1=Li|first1=Jing|last2=Lau|first2=Mimi|title=Super typhoon Nepartak threatens further flood misery in mainland China|url=http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1986124/super-typhoon-nepartak-threatens-further-flood-misery-mainland|accessdate=8 July 2016|work=South China Morning Post|date=7 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210152/http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/1986124/super-typhoon-nepartak-threatens-further-flood-misery-mainland|archive-date=February 18, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Hindi bababa sa 14 residente ng lungsod ang namatay, isa ang nawawala, at higit sa 80,000 ang inilikas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/725468/chinas-devastating-floods-can-be-traced-back-to-corruption-and-overbuilding/|title=China's devastating floods can be traced back to corruption and overbuilding|first=Zheping|last=Huang|access-date=February 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218210403/https://qz.com/725468/chinas-devastating-floods-can-be-traced-back-to-corruption-and-overbuilding/|archive-date=February 18, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
Noong Enero 31, 2018, bumisita si [[Theresa May]], [[Punong Ministro ng United Kingdom]], sa Wuhan at binisitahan ang Toreng Yellow Crane at ang Tulay ng Ilog Yangtze sa Wuhan.<ref name="dzwww.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dzwww.com/xinwen/guoneixinwen/201802/t20180201_16992854.htm |title=Archived copy |access-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180303111621/http://www.dzwww.com/xinwen/guoneixinwen/201802/t20180201_16992854.htm |archive-date=March 3, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Noong Abril 26 sa parehong taon, bumisita si Punong Ministro [[Narendra Modi]] sa lungsod sa loob ng dalawang araw ng di-pormal na mga pagpupulong niya kay Pangulong Xi Jinping ng Tsina. Sa gitna ng pulong na ito, binisita nila ang Silangang Lawa at ang Museong Panlalawigan ng Hubei.
Noong unang bahagi ng Hulyo 2019, may mga pagtutol sa mga panukala para sa pagtatayo ng isang [[Pagsusunog ng basura|sunugan ng basura]] sa [[Distrito ng Xinzhou, Wuhan|Distrito ng Xinzhou]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Wuhan protests: Incinerator plan sparks mass unrest|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-china-blog-48904350|date=8 July 2019|accessdate=11 July 2019|publisher=BBC News|quote=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711160150/https://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-china-blog-48904350|archive-date=July 11, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Idinaos sa lungsod ang Ikapitong [[Military World Games]] noong Oktubre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.wuhan2019mwg.cn/|title=7th CISM Military World Games|website=en.wuhan2019mwg.cn|access-date=2019-09-21|archive-date=2020-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126043946/http://en.wuhan2019mwg.cn/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.milsport.one/events/cism-world-summer-games/wuhan-chn-2019|title=Wuhan (CHN) 2019|website=www.milsport.one|language=en|access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref>
Noong Disyembre 2019, unang lumitaw ang [[Pandemya ng coronavirus ng 2019–20|pagkalat ng novel coronavirus ng 2019–20]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/08/health/china-wuhan-pneumonia-virus-intl-hnk/index.html|title=A new virus related to SARS is the culprit in China's mysterious pneumonia outbreak, scientists say|author=Nectar Gan|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=9 January 2020|accessdate=9 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109110458/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/08/health/china-wuhan-pneumonia-virus-intl-hnk/index.html|archive-date=January 9, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mga lockdown sa Hubei (2020)|Naka-''lockdown'']] na ang lungsod mula pa noong kahulihan ng Enero 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/news/china-quarantines-wuhan-to-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus/|title=China Quarantines Wuhan to Prevent Spread of Coronavirus|date=2020-01-22|website=National Review|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128195422/https://www.nationalreview.com/news/china-quarantines-wuhan-to-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus/|archive-date=January 28, 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
==Klima==
{{Weather box
|location = Wuhan (1981–2010, extremes 1951–present)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan high C = 8.1
|Feb high C = 10.7
|Mar high C = 15.2
|Apr high C = 22.1
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 30.2
|Jul high C = 32.9
|Aug high C = 32.5
|Sep high C = 28.5
|Oct high C = 23.0
|Nov high C = 16.8
|Dec high C = 10.8
|Jan mean C = 4.0
|Feb mean C = 6.6
|Mar mean C = 10.9
|Apr mean C = 17.4
|May mean C = 22.6
|Jun mean C = 26.2
|Jul mean C = 29.1
|Aug mean C = 28.4
|Sep mean C = 24.1
|Oct mean C = 18.2
|Nov mean C = 11.9
|Dec mean C = 6.2
|Jan low C = 1.0
|Feb low C = 3.5
|Mar low C = 7.4
|Apr low C = 13.6
|May low C = 18.9
|Jun low C = 22.9
|Jul low C = 26.0
|Aug low C = 25.3
|Sep low C = 20.7
|Oct low C = 14.7
|Nov low C = 8.4
|Dec low C = 2.9
|Jan record high C= 25.4
|Feb record high C= 29.1
|Mar record high C= 32.4
|Apr record high C= 35.1
|May record high C= 36.1
|Jun record high C= 37.8
|Jul record high C= 39.7
|Aug record high C= 39.6
|Sep record high C= 37.6
|Oct record high C= 34.4
|Nov record high C= 30.4
|Dec record high C= 23.3
|Jan record low C = −18.1
|Feb record low C = −14.8
|Mar record low C = -5.0
|Apr record low C = −0.3
|May record low C = 7.2
|Jun record low C = 13.0
|Jul record low C = 17.3
|Aug record low C = 16.4
|Sep record low C = 10.1
|Oct record low C = 1.3
|Nov record low C = −7.1
|Dec record low C = −10.1
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 48.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 65.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 91.0
|Apr precipitation mm = 135.7
|May precipitation mm = 166.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 218.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 228.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 117.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 74.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 80.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 60.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 29.6
|Jan humidity = 76
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 76
|Apr humidity = 75
|May humidity = 74
|Jun humidity = 77
|Jul humidity = 77
|Aug humidity = 77
|Sep humidity = 75
|Oct humidity = 76
|Nov humidity = 75
|Dec humidity = 73
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 9.5
|Feb precipitation days = 9.8
|Mar precipitation days = 13.1
|Apr precipitation days = 12.5
|May precipitation days = 12.2
|Jun precipitation days = 11.8
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.6
|Sep precipitation days = 7.5
|Oct precipitation days = 9.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.0
|Dec precipitation days = 6.9
|Jan sun = 101.9 |Jan percentsun = 33
|Feb sun = 97.0 |Feb percentsun = 33
|Mar sun = 121.8 |Mar percentsun = 31
|Apr sun = 152.8 |Apr percentsun = 39
|May sun = 181.0 |May percentsun = 43
|Jun sun = 170.9 |Jun percentsun = 43
|Jul sun = 220.2 |Jul percentsun = 54
|Aug sun = 226.4 |Aug percentsun = 59
|Sep sun = 175.8 |Sep percentsun = 48
|Oct sun = 151.9 |Oct percentsun = 46
|Nov sun = 139.3 |Nov percentsun = 45
|Dec sun = 126.5 |Dec percentsun = 43
|source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="cma graphical">
{{cite web
|url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html
|script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data
|publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]]
|accessdate=2018-11-09
|title=Archived copy
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923231541/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherbk.html
|archive-date=September 23, 2017
|dead-url=no
|df=mdy-all
}}
</ref><ref name=CMA>
{{cite web
|url = http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger
|script-title = zh:中国气象局 国家气象信息中心(1981-2010年)
|publisher = [[China Meteorological Administration]]
| language = zh-hans
|accessdate = 2017-12-28
|deadurl = yes
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140710164442/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger
|archivedate = July 10, 2014
|df = mdy-all
}}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
==Pamahalaan at mga polisiya==
[[Talaksan:The main gate of Wuhan Municipal Party Committee.jpg|thumb|Ang pangunahing tarangkahan ng komite ng Partidong Pangmunisipyo ng Wuhan]]
Isang [[sub-probinsiyal na lungsod]] ang Wuhan. Pinangangasiwaan ng pampook na [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina]] (CPC) ang pamahalaang pangmunisipyo, na pinamumunuan ng [[Kalihim ng CPC]] ng Wuhan ({{zh|武汉市委书记}}) (kasalukuyang si Ma Guoqiang , {{zh|labels=no|s=马国强}}. Ang pampook na CPC ay naglalabas ng mga kautusang pampangasiwaan, naniningil ng mga buwis, nangangasiwa sa ekonomiya, at namamahala sa isang tumatayong komite ng Kongresong Bayan ng Munisipyo sa paggawa ng mga pagpapasiyang pampolisiya at sa pamamahala sa lokal na pamahalaan.
Kabilang sa mga opisyal na pamahalaan ang [[Alkalde ng Wuhan|alkalde]] ({{zh|labels=no|s=市长}}), kasalukuyang si Zhou Xianwang ({{zh|labels=no|c=周先旺}}), at mga bise-alkalde. Maraming mga kawanihan ay nakatuon sa batas, pampublikong seguridad, at ibang mga kapakanan.
===Mga paghahating pang-administratibo===
{{Main|Talaan ng mga paghahating pampangasiwaan sa Hubei#Mga paghahating pampangasiwaan|Talaan ng antas-township na mga dibisyon sa Hubei#Wuhan}}
Ang sub-probinsiyal na lungsod ng Wuhan ay kasalukuyang binubuo ng 13 [[Mga distrito ng Tsina|mga distrito]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/42/4201.html|script-title=zh:2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码:武汉市|language=zh-hans|publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]]|quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 420101000000 市辖区 420102000000 江岸区 420103000000 江汉区 420104000000 硚口区 420105000000 汉阳区 420106000000 武昌区 420107000000 青山区 420111000000 洪山区 420112000000 东西湖区 420113000000 汉南区 420114000000 蔡甸区 420115000000 江夏区 420116000000 黄陂区 420117000000 新洲区}}|date=2016|accessdate=30 March 2018|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212501/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/42/4201.html|archive-date=March 30, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Magmula noong [[Ika-anim na Pambansang Senso ng Populasyon ng Republikang Bayan ng Tsina|Ika-anim na Senso ng Tsina noong 2010]], binubuo ang 13 mga distrito ng 160 [[antas-township na mga dibisyon]] kabilang ang 156 na [[Subdistrito (Tsina)|mga subdistrito]], 3 [[Bayan (Tsina)|mga bayan]], at 1 [[Township (Tsina)|township]].<ref name="history2"/><ref name="xingzhengquhua"/>
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; margin:auto;"
! Mapa
! Distrito
! Wikang Tsino ([[Pinapayak na panitik ng wikang Intsik|Pinapayak]])
! Pinyin
! Populasyon<br />(Senso 2010)<ref name="census2010">{{cite web |script-title=zh:武汉市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报|url=http://www.whtj.gov.cn/Article/ShowArticle.aspx?id=6417|publisher=Wuhan Statistics Bureau|date=May 10, 2011|accessdate=July 31, 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025103716/http://www.whtj.gov.cn/Article/ShowArticle.aspx?id=6417|archivedate=October 25, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="history2"/><ref name="xingzhengquhua"/><!--Population figures slightly different in 武汉市历史沿 source-->
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="yearbook"/>
! Density<br />(/km<sup>2</sup>)
|-
|rowspan="18" style="text-align:center;"|
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Wuhan.png|width=534}}
{{Image label|x=790|y=1060|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Jiang'an|'''1''']]}}
{{Image label|x=720|y=1120|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Jianghan|'''2''']]}}
{{Image label|x=655|y=1130|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Qiaokou|'''3''']]}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=1220|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Hanyang|'''Hanyang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=775|y=1220|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Wuchang|'''Wuchang''']]}}
{{Image label|x=855|y=1090|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Qingshan, Wuhan|'''Qingshan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=950|y=1180|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Hongshan, Wuhan|'''Hongshan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=430|y=1010|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Dongxihu|'''Dongxihu''']]}}
{{Image label|x=340|y=1550|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Hannan|'''Hannan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=330|y=1350|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Caidian|'''Caidian''']]}}
{{Image label|x=820|y=1630|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Jiangxia|'''Jiangxia''']]}}
{{Image label|x=810|y=610|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Huangpi|'''Huangpi''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1320|y=800|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Xinzhou, Wuhan|'''Xinzhou''']]}}
{{Image label|x=100|y=340|scale=534/1780|text=[[Hankou|'''''Mga distrito ng Hankou''''']]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=400|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Jiang'an|'''1. Jiang'an''']]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=460|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Jianghan|'''2. Jianghan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=520|scale=534/1780|text=[[Distrito ng Qiaokou|'''3. Qiaokou''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|'''Mga distritong sentral'''
||6,434,373
||888.42
||7,242
|-
|[[Distrito ng Jiang'an|Jiang'an]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|江岸|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Jiāng'àn Qū}}
|895,635
|64.24
|13,942
|-
|[[Distrito ng Jianghan|Jianghan]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|江汉|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Jiānghàn Qū}}
|683,492
|33.43
|20,445
|-
|[[Distrito ng Qiaokou|Qiaokou]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|硚口|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Qiáokǒu Qū}}
|828,644
|46.39
|17,863
|-
|[[Distrito ng Hanyang|Hanyang]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|汉阳|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Hànyáng Qū}}
|792,183<ref>kasama ang 208,106 katao sa [[Sona ng Ekonomikong Pagpapaunlad ng Wuhan]] ({{lang|zh-hans|武汉经济技术开发区}})</ref>
|108.34
|7,312
|-
|[[Distrito ng Wuchang|Wuchang]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|武昌|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Wǔchāng Qū}}
|1,199,127
|87.42
|13,717
|-
|[[Distrito ng Qingshan, Wuhan|Qingshan]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|青山|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Qīngshān Qū}}
|485,375
|68.40
|7,096
|-
|[[Distrito ng Hongshan, Wuhan|Hongshan]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|洪山|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Hóngshān Qū}}
|1,549,917<ref>kasama ang 396,597 katao sa [[Sonang Pagpapaunlad ng Bagong Teknolohiya ng Donghu]] ({{lang|zh-hans|东湖新技术开发区}}), 67,641 katao sa Matanawing Sona ng Paglalakbay ng Donghu (''Donghu Scenic Travel Zone''; {{lang|zh-hans|东湖生态旅游风景区}}), at 36,245 katao sa Sona ng Industriyang Kimikal ng Wuhan ({{lang|zh-hans|武汉化学工业区}})</ref>
|480.20
|3,228
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan=3 style="text-align:center; "|'''Mga Distritong Naik at Rural'''
||3,346,271
||7,605.99
||440
|-
|[[Distrito ng Dongxihu|Dongxihu]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|东西湖|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Dōngxīhú Qū}}
|451,880
|439.19
|1,029
|-
|[[Distrito ng Hannan|Hannan]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|汉南|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Hànnán Qū}}
|114,970
|287.70
|400
|-
|[[Distrito ng Caidian|Caidian]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|蔡甸|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Càidiàn Qū}}
|410,888
|1,108.10
|371
|-
|[[Distrito ng Jiangxia|Jiangxia]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|江夏|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Jiāngxià Qū}}
|644,835
|2,010.00
|321
|-
|[[Distrito ng Huangpi|Huangpi]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|黄陂|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Huángpí Qū}}
|874,938
|2,261.00
|387
|-
|[[Distrito ng Xinzhou, Wuhan|Xinzhou]]
|{{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|新洲|区}}}}
|{{transl|zh|Xīnzhōu Qū}}
|848,760
|1,500.00
|566
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan=3 style="text-align:center; "|'''Rehiyong Katubigan''' ({{lang|zh-hans|水上地区}})
||4,748
||-
||-
|- style="background:#d3d3d3;"
|colspan=3 style="text-align:center; "|'''Kabuoan'''
||'''9,785,392'''
||'''8,494.41'''
||'''1,152'''
|}
===Mga misyong diplomatiko===
{{Main|Talaan ng mga misyong diplomatiko sa Tsina#Wuhan}}
May apat na mga bansang mayroong konsulado sa Wuhan:
{|border="1" cellpadding="2" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#fff; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|-
! style="width:350px; background:#f9f9f9;"|Konsulado
! style="width:150px; background:#f9f9f9;"|Taon
! style="width:175px; background:#f9f9f9;"|Distritong konsular
|-
| {{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Talaan ng mga misyong diplomatiko ng Pransiya#Asya|France Consulate General Wuhan]]<ref>{{cite web|author = French Foreign Ministry|title = Consulat General de France a Wuhan|date = August 2, 2012|url = http://www.consulfrance-wuhan.org/accueil.html?lang=fr|access-date = August 2, 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120510071008/http://www.consulfrance-wuhan.org/accueil.html?lang=fr|archive-date = May 10, 2012|url-status = live|df = mdy-all}}</ref>
| Oktubre 10, 1998
| Hubei/[[Hunan]]/[[Jiangxi]]
|-
| {{flagdeco|US}} [[Talaan ng mga misyong diplomatiko ng Estados Unidos#Asya|United States Consulate General Wuhan]]<ref>{{cite web|author = US Department of State|title = Consulate General of the United States Wuhan, China|date = November 23, 2008|url = http://wuhan.usembassy-china.org.cn/index.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090629102818/http://wuhan.usembassy-china.org.cn/index.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = June 29, 2009}}</ref>
| Nobyembre 20, 2008
| Hubei/[[Hunan]]/[[Henan]]/[[Jiangxi]]
|-
| {{flagdeco|ROK}} [[Talaan ng mga misyong diplomatiko ng Timog Korea#Asya|Republic of Korea Consulate General Wuhan]]<ref>{{cite web|author = Embassy of the Republic of Korea in China|title = Welcome to the Embassy of the Republic of Korea in China|date = December 23, 2010|url = http://china.koreanembassy.cn/consular/consular_02.aspx?bm=4&sm=2|access-date = December 23, 2010|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113044337/http://china.koreanembassy.cn/consular/consular_02.aspx?bm=4&sm=2|archive-date = November 13, 2011|url-status = dead|df = mdy-all}}</ref>
| Oktubre 25, 2010
| Hubei/[[Hunan]]/[[Henan]]/[[Jiangxi]]
|-
| {{flagdeco|UK}} [[Talaan ng mga misyong diplomatiko ng United Kingdom#Asya|United Kingdom Consulate General Wuhan]]<ref>{{cite web|author = UK Government|title = Consulate General of the United Kingdom Wuhan, China|date = January 6, 2015|url = https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-minister-launches-new-consulate-in-wuhan|access-date = February 23, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216040859/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/british-minister-launches-new-consulate-in-wuhan|archive-date = February 16, 2015|url-status = live|df = mdy-all}}</ref>
| Enero 8, 2015
| Hubei/[[Henan]]
|}
Ang kasalukuyang Konsul Heneral ng Estados Unidos, ang Kagalang-galang na si Ginoong Jamie Fouss, ay itinalaga sa Wuhan noong Agosto 2017. Ipinagdiwang ng tanggapan ng [[Konsulado Heneral ng Estados Unidos, Wuhan|Konsulado Heneral ng Estados Unidos]], Gitnang Tsina (matatagpuan sa Wuhan) ang opisyal na pagbubukas nito noong Nobyembre 20, 2008, at ito ang kauna-unahang bagong konsulado ng Estados Unidos sa Tsina sa loob ng higit 20 mga taon.<ref>{{cite news |agency = Associated Press |title = U.S. Opens Consulate in China Industry Center Wuhan|date =November 20, 2008 |url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5i9eETZIZiun01Oj6prVkAdZwW8DAD94IJQ180}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author = US Department of State|title = The United States Consulate General in Wuhan, China Opens on November 20, 2008|date = November 20, 2008|url = http://wuhan.usembassy-china.org.cn/112008p_wuhan.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090419132218/http://wuhan.usembassy-china.org.cn/112008p_wuhan.html|url-status = dead|archive-date = April 19, 2009}}</ref> Nakatakdang magbibigay ang konsulado ng mga serbisyo ng visa at mamamayan sa taglagas ng 2018.
Magtatatag ang mga bansang Hapon<ref name="日本计划在汉设领事办事处">{{cite web |url=http://news.cjn.cn/sywh/201305/t2274006.htm |script-title=zh:日本计划在汉设领事办事处 |accessdate=February 23, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150223045701/http://news.cjn.cn/sywh/201305/t2274006.htm |archive-date=February 23, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
at Rusya<ref name="Putin assures that Russia and China are getting closer">{{cite web |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/putin-assures-that-russia-and-china-are-getting-closer-2015-9 |title=Putin assures that Russia and China are getting closer |accessdate=September 9, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905160624/http://www.businessinsider.com/putin-assures-that-russia-and-china-are-getting-closer-2015-9 |archive-date=September 5, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref> ng mga tanggapang konsular sa Wuhan.
==Demograpiya==
{{Historical populations
|type=China
|align=left
|percentages = pagr
|1953|1427300
|1982|4101000
|1990|6901911
|2000|8312700
|2007|7243000
|2010|9785388
|2014|10338000
|2015|10607700
|footnote = Ang laki ng populasyon ay maaaring naapektuhan ng mga pagbabago sa mga dibisyong pampangasiwaan. 1953,<ref name="Shabad">Shiger, A.G. ''The Administrative-Territorial Divisions of Foreign Countries'', 2d ed, pp. 142–144. (Moscow), 1957 (Using 1953 census). Op cit. in Shabad, Theodore. "{{cite journal|title=The Population of China's Cities |journal = Geographical Review|volume = 49|issue = 1|pages = 32–42|jstor = 211567|last1 = Shabad|first1 = Theodore|year = 1959|doi = 10.2307/211567}}". ''Geographical Review'', Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 32–42. American Geographical Society, Jan. 1959. Accessed 8 October 2011.</ref><ref name="GreatSovy">''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', 2d ed. (Moscow), 1958. Op cit. in Shabad, supra.</ref> 1982,<ref>中国人口统计年鉴1982. pp.43.(3rd Census)</ref> 1990,<ref>中国人口统计年鉴1990. pp.164.(4th Census)</ref> 2000 <ref name="census2010"/> 2007<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Wuhan |title=Wuhan (China) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2017-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310072538/https://www.britannica.com/place/Wuhan |archive-date=March 10, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> 2015<ref name="cnhub16">{{Cite web|url=http://news.cnhubei.com/xw/wuhan/201602/t3552237.shtml|script-title=zh:武汉市去年净流入人口突破230万人_荆楚网|last=丁燕飞|website=news.cnhubei.com|access-date=2016-03-06|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227114558/http://news.cnhubei.com/xw/wuhan/201602/t3552237.shtml|archive-date=February 27, 2016|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|}}
{{clear}}
==Mga kapatid na lungsod==
{{See also|Talaan ng mga kambal at kapatid na lungsod sa Tsina#Wuhan_(武汉)|l1=Talaan ng mga kambal at kapatid na lungsod sa Tsina}}
[[Mga kambal at kapatid na lungsod|Magkakambal]] ang Wuhan sa:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsb.wuhan.gov.cn/html/friendly/201602/t20160203_45633.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413010101/http://wsb.wuhan.gov.cn/html/friendly/201602/t20160203_45633.shtml|script-title=zh:武汉国际友好城市一览表(List of sister cities of Wuhan)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.whfao.gov.cn(Foreign Affairs Office of Wuhan Municipal Government)|archive-date=2018-04-13|dead-url=yes|access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref>
{{location map+|float=left|World|width=900|caption=Sister cities of Wuhan<br/>1.[[Manchester]] 2.[[Swansea]] 3.[[Essonne]] 4.[[Bordeaux]] 5.[[Arnhem]] 6.[[Duisburg]] 7.[[Sankt Pölten]] 8.[[Győr]]|places=
{{Location map~ |World|mark = Green pog.svg <!--green dot--> |coordinates = {{coord|30|35|N|114|17|E}}|label='''Wuhan''' |position=top |marksize=10 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|33|14|0|N|131|36|24|E}} |label=[[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]] |position=bottom |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|40|26|23|N|79|58|35|W}} |label=[[Pittsburgh]] |position=bottom |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|51|26|6|N|6|45|45|E}} |label=6 |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|53|28|46|N|2|14|43|W}} |label=1 |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|45|25|24|N|28|2|33|E}} |label=[[Galați]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|50|27|0|N|30|31|24|E}} |label=[[Kiev]] |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|15|30|2|N|32|33|36|E}} |label=[[Khartoum]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|47|41|3|N|17|38|3|E}} |label=8 |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|44|50|N|0|35|W}} |label=4 |position=left |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|51|59|N|5|55|E}} |label=5 |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|36|38|N|127|29|E}} |label=[[Cheongju]] |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|48|12|N|15|37|E}} |label=7 |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|43|31|48|S|172|37|13|E}} |label=[[Christchurch]] |position=left |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|43|52|36|N|79|15|48|W}} |label=[[Markham, Ontario|Markham]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|60|29|08|N|15|26|11|E}} |label=[[Borlänge]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|64|06|N|21|54|W}} |label=[[Kópavogur]] |position=bottom |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|31|48|N|34|39|E}} |label=[[Ashdod]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|48|30|N|2|17|E}} |label=3 |position=top |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|38|25|12|N|27|8|24|E}} |label=[[İzmir]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|32|31|30|N|117|2|0|W}} |label=[[Tijuana]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|51|32|N|46|1|E}} |label=[[Saratov]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|36|49|41|S|73|3|5|W}} |label=[[Concepción, Tsile|Concepción]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|42|52|29|N|74|36|44|E}} |label=[[Bishkek]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|38|28|N|23|36|E}} |label=[[Chalcis]] |position=left |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|56|50|N|53|11|E}} |label=[[Izhevsk]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|51|37|N|3|57|W}} |label=2 |position=left |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|0|3|0|N|32|27|36|E}} |label=[[Entebbe]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
{{Location map~ |World|coordinates = {{coord|13|45|9|N|100|29|39|E}} |label=[[Bangkok]] |position=right |marksize=6 }}
}}
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"|
|-
! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:120px;"| Bansa
! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| Lungsod
! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| Mula noong
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Hapon}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Symbol of Oita Oita.svg|25px]] [[Ōita, Ōita|Ōita]]
|! !| Setyembre 7, 1979
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Pittsburgh city coat of arms.svg|25px]] [[Pittsburgh]]
|! !| Setyembre 8, 1982
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Alemanya}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Stadtwappen der Stadt Duisburg.svg|25px]] [[Duisburg]]
|! !| Oktubre 8, 1982
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Nagkakaisang Kaharian}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Arms of the City of Manchester.svg|25px]] [[Manchester]]
|! !| Setyembre 16, 1986<ref>http://www.visitoruk.com/Manchester/20th-century-T1235.html 1986 Manchester was twinned with Wuhan in China.</ref>
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Romania}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:ROU GL Galati CoA.png|25px]] [[Galați]]
|! !| Agosto 12, 1987
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Ukraine}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg|25px]] [[Kiev]]
|! !| Oktubre 19, 1990
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Sudan}}
|! !| [[Khartoum]]
|! !| Setyembre 27, 1995
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Hungary}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Győr COA.png|25px]] [[Győr]]
|! !| Oktubre 19, 1995
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Pransiya}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of Arms of Bordeaux.svg|25px]] [[Bordeaux]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international |title=Bordeaux, ouverte sur l'Europe et sur le monde |accessdate=1 September 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316134534/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international |archivedate=March 16, 2015}}</ref>
|! !| Hunyo 18, 1998
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Netherlands}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of arms of Arnhem.svg|25px]] [[Arnhem]]
|! !| Setyembre 6, 1999
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Cheongju City logo(without text).png|25px]] [[Cheongju]]
|! !| Oktubre 29, 2000
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Austria}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:AUT Sankt Poelten COA.svg|25px]] [[Sankt Pölten]]
|! !| Disyembre 20, 2005
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|New Zealand}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Chch COA.JPG|25px]] [[Christchurch]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccc.govt.nz/culture-and-community/civic-and-international-relations/sister-cities-programme/wuhan-china/|title=Wuhan, China : Christchurch City Council|publisher=Christchurch City Council|quote=A Friendship City Agreement was signed between the Mayors of Wuhan and Christchurch on Tuesday 4 April 2006.|accessdate=1 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919112358/http://www.ccc.govt.nz/culture-and-community/civic-and-international-relations/sister-cities-programme/wuhan-china|archive-date=September 19, 2015|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|! !| Abril 4, 2006
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Canada}}
|! !| [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]]
|! !| Setyembre 12, 2006
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Sweden}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Borlänge vapen.svg|25px]] [[Borlänge]]
|! !| Setyembre 28, 2007
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Iceland}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Kópavogur COA.svg|25px]] [[Kópavogur]]
|! !| Abril 25, 2008
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Israel}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat_of_arms_of_Ashdod.png|25px]] [[Ashdod]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201204/t20120421_346446.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025234559/http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201204/t20120421_346446.shtml |archive-date=October 25, 2017 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|! !| Nobyembre 8, 2011
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Pransiya}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason_d%C3%A9partement_fr_Essonne.svg|25px]] [[Essonne]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201604/t20160422_823950.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907110148/http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201604/t20160422_823950.shtml |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|! !| Disyembre 21, 2012
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Turkiya}}
|! !| [[İzmir]]
|! !| Hunyo 6, 2013
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Mehiko}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Tijuana, Mexico, COA, Escudo.jpg|25px]] [[Tijuana]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.wh.gov.cn/publish/english/2013-07/22/1201307220851050080.html|title=Tijuana, Mexico becomes Wuhan's 20th sister city|accessdate=1 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402090709/http://english.wh.gov.cn/publish/english/2013-07/22/1201307220851050080.html|archive-date=April 2, 2015|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|! !| Hulyo 12, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201305/t20130521_449893.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907071125/http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201305/t20130521_449893.shtml |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Rusya}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat_of_Arms_of_Saratov.svg|25px]] [[Saratov]]<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201508/t20150807_701015.shtml |title=Wuhan - Saratov, Russia |access-date=February 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126110432/http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201508/t20150807_701015.shtml |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|! !| Agosto 7, 2015
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Tsile}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Escudo_de_Concepci%C3%B3n_(Chile).svg|25px]] [[Concepción, Tsile|Concepción]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201604/t20160425_824857.shtml |title=Archived copy |access-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409161844/http://en.hubei.gov.cn/opening/sister_provinces_cities/201604/t20160425_824857.shtml |archive-date=April 9, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
|! !| Abril 7, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Kyrgyzstan}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of arms of Bishkek Kyrgyzstan.svg|25px]] [[Bishkek]]
|! !| Nobyembre 15, 2016
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Gresya}}
|! !|[[Chalcis]]
|! !| Mayo 11, 2017
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Rusya}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of Arms of Izhevsk (Udmurtia).svg|25px]] [[Izhevsk]]
|! !| Hunyo 16, 2017
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Nagkakaisang Kaharian}}
|! !| [[Swansea]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.163.com/18/0201/06/D9HPCFR0000187VI.html|script-title=zh:图文:武汉与英国斯旺西结为友好城市|title=Archived copy|access-date=February 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180217082403/http://news.163.com/18/0201/06/D9HPCFR0000187VI.html|archive-date=February 17, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|! !| January 31, 2018
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| {{flagu|Uganda}}
|! !| [[Entebbe]]
|! !| Abril 13, 2018
|-
|! !| {{flagu|Thailand}}
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Bangkok Metro Authority.png|25px]] [[Bangkok]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.hbtv.com.cn/p/1648990.html|script-title=zh:刚刚!武汉和曼谷正式缔结为友好城市!|title=Archived copy|access-date=November 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119091922/http://news.hbtv.com.cn/p/1648990.html|archive-date=November 19, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|! !| Nobyembre 16, 2018
|}
At mayroon ding magkasundo na ugnayang palitan ang Wuhan sa:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wsb.wuhan.gov.cn/html/exchanges/201602/t20160204_45939.shtml|script-title=zh:武汉市国际友好交流城市结好时间表|trans-title=List of Dates of Establishment for Overseas Cities With Friendly Exchange Relationship|last=|first=|date=|website=www.whfao.gov.cn(Foreign Affairs Office of Wuhan Municipal Government)|access-date=November 15, 2018|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115113616/http://wsb.wuhan.gov.cn/html/exchanges/201602/t20160204_45939.shtml|archive-date=November 15, 2018|dead-url=no|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" "text-align:left;font-size:100%;"|
|-
! style="background:#39e; color:white; height:17px; width:140px;"| Lungsod
! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:120px;"| Bansa
! ! style="background:#39e; color:white; width:140px;"| Mula noong
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Emblem of Kobe, Hyogo.svg|25px]] [[Lungsod ng Kobe]]
|! !| {{flagu|Hapon}}
|! !| Pebrero 16, 1998
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Symbol of Hirosaki Aomori.svg|25px]] [[Hirosaki]]
|! !| {{flagu|Hapon}}
|! !| Oktubre 17, 2003
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Saint Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Setyembre 27, 2004
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Atlanta.png|25px]] [[Atlanta]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Setyembre 9, 2006
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Daejeon]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Nobyembre 1, 2006
|-
|! !| [[Gwangju]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Setyembre 6, 2007
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Kolkata]]
|! !| {{flagu|Indiya}}
|! !| Hulyo 24, 2008
|-
|! !| [[Suwon]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Disyembre 5, 2008
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Taebaek]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Disyembre 5, 2008
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Columbus, Ohio.svg|25px]] [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Oktubre 30, 2009
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Grosses Wappen Bremen.png|25px]] [[Bremen (state)|Bremen]]
|! !| {{flagu|Alemanya}}
|! !| Nobyembre 6, 2009
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of arms of Port Louis, Mauritius.svg|25px]] [[Port Louis]]
|! !| {{flagu|Mauritius}}
|! !| Nobyembre 10, 2009
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Lungsod ng Cebu]]
|! !| {{flagu|Pilipinas}}
|! !| Agosto 19, 2011
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of the City of Yogyakarta.svg|25px]] [[Yogyakarta]]
|! !| {{flagu|Indonesya}}
|! !| Nobyembre 12, 2011
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of Arms of Perm.svg|25px]] [[Perm]]
|! !| {{flagu|Rusya}}
|! !| Setyembre 10, 2012
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Chicago, Illinois.svg|25px]] [[Chicago]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Setyembre 20, 2012
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !|[[Košice]]
|! !| {{flagu|Slovakia}}
|! !| Nobyembre 6,2012
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:CoA Città di Napoli.svg|25px]] [[Naples]]
|! !| {{flagu|Italya}}
|! !| Setyembre 18, 2012
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason département fr Moselle.svg|25px]] [[Moselle (department)|Moselle]]
|! !| {{flagu|Pransiya}}
|! !| Hulyo 16, 2013
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of San Francisco.svg|25px]] [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]]
|! !| {{flagu|United States}}
|! !| Nobyembre 21, 2013
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Lalawigan ng Siem Reap]]
|! !| {{flagu|Cambodia}}
|! !| Nobyembre 21, 2013
|-
|! !| [[Biratnagar]]
|! !| {{flagu|Nepal}}
|! !| Nobyembre 21, 2013
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Bangkok Metro Authority.png|25px]] [[Bangkok]]
|! !| {{flagu|Thailand}}
|! !| Nobyembre 21, 2013
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:POL Częstochowa COA.svg|25px]] [[Częstochowa]]
|! !| {{flagu|Poland}}
|! !| Marso 14, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:OAZ.png|25px]] [[Oliveira de Azeméis]]
|! !| {{flagu|Portugal}}
|! !| Abril 11, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Sydney COA.gif|25px]] [[Sydney]]
|! !| {{flagu|Australya}}
|! !| Mayo 30, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:DurbanCoatOfArms.jpg|25px]] [[Durban]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Aprika}}
|! !| Hunyo 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Burlingame, California.png|25px]] [[Burlingame, California|Burlingame]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Menlo Park California Logo.gif|25px]] [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Cupertino, California.png|25px]] [[Cupertino, California|Cupertino]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:East Palo Alto California seal.png|25px]] [[East Palo Alto, California|East Palo Alto]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Hayward, California|Hayward]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Citysealmillbrae.png|25px]] [[Millbrae, California|Millbrae]]
|! !| {{flagu|United States}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Moraga, California|Moraga]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Flag of Morgan Hill, California.svg|25px]] [[Morgan Hill, California|Morgan Hill]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Mountain View, California|Mountain View]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Oakley California Logo.png|25px]] [[Oakley, California|Oakley]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Union City, California|Union City]]
|! !| {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}
|! !| Hunyo 23, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Betong, Thailand|Betong]]
|! !| {{flagu|Thailand}}
|! !| Hunyo 25, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Halikko vaakuna.svg|25px]] [[Salo, Finland|Salo]]
|! !| {{flagu|Finland}}
|! !| Agosto 25, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Gävle vapen.svg|25px]] [[Gävle]]
|! !| {{flagu|Sweden}}
|! !| Agosto 27, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Patan]]
|! !| {{flagu|Nepal}}
|! !| Oktubre 20, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Pattaya seal.png|25px]] [[Pattaya]]
|! !| {{flagu|Thailand}}
|! !| Oktubre 24, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:BeraneCoatOfArms.png|25px]] [[Berane]]
|! !| {{flagu|Montenegro}}
|! !| Oktubre 24, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Escudo ciudad de cordoba argentina.svg|25px]] [[Córdoba, Arhentina|Córdoba]]
|! !| {{flagu|Arhentina}}
|! !| Oktubre 24, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason liege.svg|25px]] [[Liège]]
|! !| {{flagu|Belgium}}
|! !| Oktubre 29, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason ville fr Lille (Nord).svg|25px]] [[Lille]]
|! !| {{flagu|France}}
|! !| Nobyembre 3, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of arms of Holbæk.svg|25px]] [[Holbæk]]
|! !| {{flagu|Denmark}}
|! !| Nobyembre 24, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Heraklion (yunit panrehiyon)|Heraklion]]
|! !| {{flagu|Greece}}
|! !| Disyembre 11, 2014
|-
|! !| [[Cape Town]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Aprika}}
|! !| Disyembre 9, 2014
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Brasão de São Luís.svg|25px]] [[São Luís, Maranhão|São Luís]]
|! !| {{flagu|Brazil}}
|! !| Abril 29, 2015
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Varaždin (grb).gif|25px]] [[Varaždin]]
|! !| {{flagu|Croatia}}
|! !| Mayo 7, 2015
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Kota Kinabalu.svg|25px]] [[Kota Kinabalu]]
|! !| {{flagu|Malaysia}}
|! !| Mayo 20, 2015
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coa_Hungary_Town_Erdőkertes.svg|25px]] [[Erdőkertes]], [[File:HUN Pest megye COA.png|25px]] [[Pest County|Pest Megye]]
|! !| {{flagu|Hungary}}
|! !| Hulyo 4, 2015
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]]
|! !| {{flagu|Australya}}
|! !| Setyembre 29, 2015
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason ville fr Le Mans (Sarthe) (orn ext).svg|25px]] [[Le Mans]]
|! !| {{flagu|France}}
|! !| Nobyembre 1, 2015
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Flag of the Southern Province (Sri Lanka).PNG|25px]] [[Southern Province, Sri Lanka|Southern Province]]
|! !| {{flagu|Sri Lanka}}
|! !| Disyembre 3, 2015
|-
|! !| [[Galle]]
|! !| {{flagu|Sri Lanka}}
|! !| Disyembre 5, 2015
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Mungyeong]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Disyembre 22, 2015
|-
|! !| [[Daegu]]
|! !| {{flagu|Timog Korea}}
|! !| Marso 25, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]]
|! !| {{flagu|United States}}
|! !| Abril 5, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of arms of Lima.svg|25px]] [[Lima]]
|! !| {{flagu|Peru}}
|! !| Abril 8, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Tabriz]]
|! !| {{flagu|Iran}}
|! !| Mayo 28, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Marrakesh]]
|! !| {{flagu|Morocco}}
|! !| Hunyo 3, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Phnom Penh.svg|25px]] [[Phnom Penh]]
|! !| {{flagu|Cambodia}}
|! !| Hulyo 11, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat-of-arms-of-Dublin.svg|25px]] [[Dublin]]
|! !| {{flagu|Ireland}}
|! !| Setyembre 5, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Seal of Houston, Texas.svg|25px]] [[Houston]]
|! !| {{flagu|United States}}
|! !| Setyembre 10, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]]
|! !| {{flagu|Uganda}}
|! !| Setyembre 20, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Escudo de Pucallpa.svg|25px]] [[Pucallpa]]
|! !| {{flagu|Peru}}
|! !| Setyembre 20, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Maribor]]
|! !| {{flagu|Slovenia}}
|! !| Setyembre 23, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Montego Bay]]
|! !| {{flagu|Jamaica}}
|! !| Setyembre 28, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]]
|! !| {{flagu|Seychelles}}
|! !| Oktubre 17, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Kemi.vaakuna.svg|25px]] [[Kemi]]
|! !| {{flagu|Finland}}
|! !| Nobyembre 25, 2016
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Sannicolas arroy escudo.png|25px]] [[San Nicolás de los Arroyos]]
|! !| {{flagu|Argentina}}
|! !| Disyembre 16, 2016
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Brasão de Armas do Município de Foz do Iguaçu.png|25px]] [[Foz do Iguaçu]]
|! !| {{flagu|Brazil}}
|! !| Marso 9, 2017
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Greater Coat of Arms of Dunkerque.svg|25px]] [[Dunkirk]]
|! !| {{flagu|Pransiya}}
|! !| Marso 20, 2017
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Jihlava (CZE) - coat of arms.gif|25px]] [[Jihlava]]
|! !| {{flagu|Czech}}
|! !| Mayo 10, 2017
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of Arms of Brest, Belarus.svg|25px]] [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]]
|! !| {{flagu|Belarus}}
|! !| Agosto 29, 2017
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Coat of Arms of Zhytomyr.svg|25px]] [[Zhytomyr]]
|! !| {{flagu|Ukraine}}
|! !| Nobyembre 14, 2017
|-
|! !| [[Talaksan:Armoiries de Marseille.svg|25px]] [[Marseille]]
|! !| {{flagu|France}}
|! !| Nobyembre 20, 2017
|- style="color:black; background:white;"
|! !| [[Talaksan:Blason Herstal.svg|25px]] [[Herstal]]
|! !| {{flagu|Belgium}}
|! !| Mayo 21, 2018
|-
|! !| [[Fergana]]
|! !| {{flagu|Uzbekistan}}
|! !| Oktubre 14, 2018
|}
==Tingnan rin==
* [[Wuhan birus]]
==Talasanggunian==
<!--9infobox refs-->
{{Reflist
|refs=
<!--For 九省通衢 nickname -->
<ref name="Readmeok Sina">{{cite web|url=http://www.readmeok.com/2012-5/21_11860.html|script-title=zh:图文:"黄金十字架"写就第一笔|publisher=Sina|date=30 March 2009|accessdate=21 February 2018|quote={{lang|zh-hans|武汉历史上就是"九省通衢",在中央促进中部崛起战略中被定位为"全国性综合交通运输枢纽"。}}|url-status=live|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113420/http://www.readmeok.com/2012-5/21_11860.html|archive-date=March 4, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="City government 九省通衢">{{Cite web|url=http://www.wh.gov.cn/theme/include/htm/whgl/frame04.htm |script-title=zh:九省通衢|website=The government of Wuhan|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121127235821/http://www.wh.gov.cn/theme/include/htm/whgl/frame04.htm|archive-date=27 November 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=5 May 2019}}</ref>
<!--For Chicago nickname -->
<ref name="timemagazine">{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848985,00.html |title=Foreign News: On To Chicago |work=Time |accessdate=November 20, 2011 |date=June 13, 1938 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120105114835/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848985,00.html |archive-date=January 5, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="Chicago is all over the place">{{cite news |url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-13/news/ct-talk-nato-chicago-0513-20120513_1_violent-crime-chicago-connection-south-america-s-chicago |title=Chicago is all over the place |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |accessdate=May 22, 2012 |author=Jacob, Mark |date=May 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511215253/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-13/news/ct-talk-nato-chicago-0513-20120513_1_violent-crime-chicago-connection-south-america-s-chicago |archive-date=May 11, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="水野幸吉 Mizuno Kokichi 2014 3">{{cite book |script-title=zh:中国中部事情:汉口 |trans-title=Central China: Hankou |publisher=Wuhan Press |author={{Nihongo2|水野幸吉}} (Mizuno Kokichi) |year=2014 |pages=3 |isbn=9787543084612}}</ref>
<!--For divisions -->
<ref name="history2">{{cite web|script-title=zh:武汉市历史沿革|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225_2.html|date=6 August 2014|accessdate=10 February 2018|language=zh-hans|publisher=www.XZQH.org|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210120959/http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15225_2.html|archive-date=February 10, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="xingzhengquhua">{{cite web|script-title=zh:行政建置|url=http://www.wh.gov.cn/2018wh/zjwh_5785/whgk/201808/t20180824_223224.html|date=8 January 2018|accessdate=17 October 2018|language=zh-hans|publisher=Wuhan Municipal People's Government |title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017082522/http://www.wh.gov.cn/2018wh/zjwh_5785/whgk/201808/t20180824_223224.html|archive-date=October 17, 2018|url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
}}
===Talababa===
{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}
{{Mga pinakamalaking lungsod ng Republikang Bayan ng Tsina}}
{{Mga kalakhang lungsod ng Tsina}}
{{Mga pangunahing lungsod sa kahabaan ng Ilog Yangtze}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod sa Hubei]]
1j5f2ts1um2k3nn2dxj9y41ku50zk8z
Cossignano
0
138195
1963940
1926726
2022-08-20T06:08:54Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/943161181|Cossignano]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Cossignano|official_name=Comune di Cossignano|native_name=|image_skyline=Cossignano.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|59|N|13|41|E|type:city(1,029)_region:IT|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)|frazioni=Ponte|mayor_party=|mayor=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=15.1|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Cossignanesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=400|saint=|day=|postal_code=63030|area_code=0735|website={{official website|http://www.provincia.ap.it/Cossignano}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Cossignano''' ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|70|km|mi}} timog ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} hilagang-silangan ng [[Ascoli Piceno]]. Noong Disyembre 31, 2004, mayroon itong populasyon na 1,029 at may lawak na {{Convert|15.1|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>
Ang munisipalidad ng Cossignano ay naglalaman ng ''[[frazione]]'' (pagkakahati) ng Ponte.
May hangganan ang Cossignano sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: [[Carassai]], [[Castignano]], [[Montalto delle Marche]], [[Ripatransone|Offida]], ar [[Offida|Ripatransone]].
== Ebolusyong demograpiko ==
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:455 height:303
PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:3000
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1861 text:1861
bar:1871 text:1871
bar:1881 text:1881
bar:1901 text:1901
bar:1911 text:1911
bar:1921 text:1921
bar:1931 text:1931
bar:1936 text:1936
bar:1951 text:1951
bar:1961 text:1961
bar:1971 text:1971
bar:1981 text:1981
bar:1991 text:1991
bar:2001 text:2001
PlotData=
color:barra width:20 align:left
bar:1861 from: 0 till:1319
bar:1871 from: 0 till:1439
bar:1881 from: 0 till:1534
bar:1901 from: 0 till:1798
bar:1911 from: 0 till:2053
bar:1921 from: 0 till:2090
bar:1931 from: 0 till:2005
bar:1936 from: 0 till:2070
bar:1951 from: 0 till:2127
bar:1961 from: 0 till:1743
bar:1971 from: 0 till:1262
bar:1981 from: 0 till:1113
bar:1991 from: 0 till:1043
bar:2001 from: 0 till:1036
PlotData=
bar:1861 at:1319 fontsize:XS text: 1319 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1871 at:1439 fontsize:XS text: 1439 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1881 at:1534 fontsize:XS text: 1534 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1901 at:1798 fontsize:XS text: 1798 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1911 at:2053 fontsize:XS text: 2053 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1921 at:2090 fontsize:XS text: 2090 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1931 at:2005 fontsize:XS text: 2005 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1936 at:2070 fontsize:XS text: 2070 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1951 at:2127 fontsize:XS text: 2127 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1961 at:1743 fontsize:XS text: 1743 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1971 at:1262 fontsize:XS text: 1262 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1981 at:1113 fontsize:XS text: 1113 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1991 at:1043 fontsize:XS text: 1043 shift:(-8,5)
bar:2001 at:1036 fontsize:XS text: 1036 shift:(-8,5)
TextData=
fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:Datos mula sa ISTAT
</timeline>
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061229130010/http://www.provincia.ap.it/Cossignano/ www.provincia.ap.it/Cosignano]
{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
ey3nppwpvnemz04vfeb5cxzunk5309w
1963945
1963940
2022-08-20T06:21:04Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Cossignano|official_name=Comune di Cossignano|native_name=|image_skyline=Cossignano.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|59|N|13|41|E|type:city(1,029)_region:IT|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)|frazioni=Ponte|mayor_party=|mayor=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=15.1|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Cossignanesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=400|saint=|day=|postal_code=63030|area_code=0735|website={{official website|http://www.provincia.ap.it/Cossignano}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Cossignano''' ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|70|km|mi}} timog ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} hilagang-silangan ng [[Ascoli Piceno]]. Noong Disyembre 31, 2004, mayroon itong populasyon na 1,029 at may lawak na {{Convert|15.1|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>
Ang munisipalidad ng Cossignano ay naglalaman ng ''[[frazione]]'' (pagkakahati) ng Ponte.
May hangganan ang Cossignano sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: [[Carassai]], [[Castignano]], [[Montalto delle Marche]], [[Ripatransone|Offida]], ar [[Offida|Ripatransone]].
== Ekonomiya ==
=== Yaring-kamay ===
Kabilang sa mga pinakatradisyonal, laganap, at aktibong pang-ekonomiyang aktibidad ay may mga [[Yaring-kamay|gawaing-kamay]], tulad ng sining ng [[puntas]] na kilala sa buong Italya.<ref name="Aci">{{cita libro|titolo=Atlante cartografico dell'artigianato|editore=A.C.I.|città=Roma|anno=1985|volume=2|p=12}}</ref>
== Sport ==
=== Futbol ===
Ang lokal na koponan ng futbol ay Cossinea, na kasalukuyang naglalaro sa Unang Kategorya-Group D. Sa 2018/2019 season, na-promote ito sa Unang Kategorya, ang unang pagkakataon sa kasaysayan ng club.
== Ebolusyong demograpiko ==
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:455 height:303
PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:3000
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:200 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1861 text:1861
bar:1871 text:1871
bar:1881 text:1881
bar:1901 text:1901
bar:1911 text:1911
bar:1921 text:1921
bar:1931 text:1931
bar:1936 text:1936
bar:1951 text:1951
bar:1961 text:1961
bar:1971 text:1971
bar:1981 text:1981
bar:1991 text:1991
bar:2001 text:2001
PlotData=
color:barra width:20 align:left
bar:1861 from: 0 till:1319
bar:1871 from: 0 till:1439
bar:1881 from: 0 till:1534
bar:1901 from: 0 till:1798
bar:1911 from: 0 till:2053
bar:1921 from: 0 till:2090
bar:1931 from: 0 till:2005
bar:1936 from: 0 till:2070
bar:1951 from: 0 till:2127
bar:1961 from: 0 till:1743
bar:1971 from: 0 till:1262
bar:1981 from: 0 till:1113
bar:1991 from: 0 till:1043
bar:2001 from: 0 till:1036
PlotData=
bar:1861 at:1319 fontsize:XS text: 1319 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1871 at:1439 fontsize:XS text: 1439 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1881 at:1534 fontsize:XS text: 1534 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1901 at:1798 fontsize:XS text: 1798 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1911 at:2053 fontsize:XS text: 2053 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1921 at:2090 fontsize:XS text: 2090 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1931 at:2005 fontsize:XS text: 2005 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1936 at:2070 fontsize:XS text: 2070 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1951 at:2127 fontsize:XS text: 2127 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1961 at:1743 fontsize:XS text: 1743 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1971 at:1262 fontsize:XS text: 1262 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1981 at:1113 fontsize:XS text: 1113 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1991 at:1043 fontsize:XS text: 1043 shift:(-8,5)
bar:2001 at:1036 fontsize:XS text: 1036 shift:(-8,5)
TextData=
fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:Datos mula sa ISTAT
</timeline>
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061229130010/http://www.provincia.ap.it/Cossignano/ www.provincia.ap.it/Cosignano]
{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
aro4y7iygvfzcrg03sb28ix8cruehj8
Cupra Marittima
0
138197
1963943
1926728
2022-08-20T06:17:21Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1094469535|Cupra Marittima]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Cupra Marittima|official_name=Comune di Cupra Marittima|native_name=|image_skyline=Cupra Marittima 1.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=Tanaw mula sa lumang bayan|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|43|1|N|13|52|E|type:city(5,134)_region:IT|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)|frazioni=|mayor_party=|mayor=Alessio Piersimoni|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=17.2|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Cuprensi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=4|saint=[[Basso ng Niza|San Basso]]|day=Disyembre 5|postal_code=63012|area_code=0735|website={{official website|http://www.comune.cupra-marittima.ap.it/}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Cupra Marittima''' ({{Lang-la|Cupra Maritima}})<ref>{{cite book|title=Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World: Map-By-Map Directory|editor=Richard J.A. Talbert|volume=I|year=2000|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, NJ and Oxford, UK|isbn=0691049459|page=608}}</ref> ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris, W. |title=Places: 413112 (Cupra Maritima) |url=http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/413112 |access-date=May 31, 2016 |publisher=Pleiades}}</ref> sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|70|km|mi}} timog-silangan ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|30|km|mi}} hilagang-silangan ng [[Ascoli Piceno]]. Noong Enero 1, 2008, mayroon itong populasyon na 5,252 at may lawak na {{Convert|17.2|km2}}.<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>
Ang Cupra Marittima ay may hangganan sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: [[Grottammare]], [[Massignano]], at [[Ripatransone]].
== Kasaysayan ==
Ang pamayanan ng Cupra Maritina ay umiral malapit sa kasalukuyang bayan, sa kapitbahayan ng isang sinaunang templo ng [[Mga Sabino|Sabinang]] diyosa na si [[Cupra (diyosa)|Cupra]], na ibinalik ni [[Adriano]] noong 127 CE. Sa pook, ang mga labi ng kung ano ang pinaniniwalaan na ang templo ay mas malamang na ang mga foro ng bayan, gaya ng ipinahiwatig ng pagkatuklas ng mga labi ng isang kalendaryo at ng isang estatwa ni Adriano. Ang ilang estatwa ni [[Juno (mitolohiya)|Juno]] ay kabilang din sa mga nahanap. Ang isang inskripsiyon ng isang imbakan ng tubig na itinayo noong 7 BCE ay naitala din. Ngunit lumilitaw na ang mas sinaunang bayang [[Picenum|Piceno]] ay matatagpuan malapit sa burol ng S. Andrea, medyo malayo sa timog, kung saan natuklasan ang mga libingan bago ang panahong Romano.<ref>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Cupra|volume=7|page=635}}</ref>
== Ebolusyong demograpiko ==
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:455 height:303
PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:5500
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1861 text:1861
bar:1871 text:1871
bar:1881 text:1881
bar:1901 text:1901
bar:1911 text:1911
bar:1921 text:1921
bar:1931 text:1931
bar:1936 text:1936
bar:1951 text:1951
bar:1961 text:1961
bar:1971 text:1971
bar:1981 text:1981
bar:1991 text:1991
bar:2001 text:2001
PlotData=
color:barra width:20 align:left
bar:1861 from: 0 till:2165
bar:1871 from: 0 till:2309
bar:1881 from: 0 till:2262
bar:1901 from: 0 till:2735
bar:1911 from: 0 till:3077
bar:1921 from: 0 till:3213
bar:1931 from: 0 till:3412
bar:1936 from: 0 till:3595
bar:1951 from: 0 till:3985
bar:1961 from: 0 till:3925
bar:1971 from: 0 till:4093
bar:1981 from: 0 till:4287
bar:1991 from: 0 till:4564
bar:2001 from: 0 till:5017
PlotData=
bar:1861 at:2165 fontsize:XS text: 2165 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1871 at:2309 fontsize:XS text: 2309 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1881 at:2262 fontsize:XS text: 2262 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1901 at:2735 fontsize:XS text: 2735 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1911 at:3077 fontsize:XS text: 3077 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1921 at:3213 fontsize:XS text: 3213 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1931 at:3412 fontsize:XS text: 3412 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1936 at:3595 fontsize:XS text: 3595 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1951 at:3985 fontsize:XS text: 3985 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1961 at:3925 fontsize:XS text: 3925 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1971 at:4093 fontsize:XS text: 4093 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1981 at:4287 fontsize:XS text: 4287 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1991 at:4564 fontsize:XS text: 4564 shift:(-8,5)
bar:2001 at:5017 fontsize:XS text: 5017 shift:(-8,5)
TextData=
fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:Datos mula sa ISTAT
</timeline>
== Tingnan din ==
* [[Riviera delle Palme (Marche)]]
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* [http://www.comune.cupra-marittima.ap.it/ www.comune.cupra-marittima.ap.it/]
{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
cyt9w768i1xqdzivj8qtnt0geyy5h12
Folignano
0
138198
1963941
1926729
2022-08-20T06:13:26Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1041817740|Folignano]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Folignano|official_name=Comune di Folignano|native_name=|image_skyline=Confine Abruzzo-Marche - panoramio.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|49|N|13|38|E|type:city(9,214)_region:IT|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)|frazioni=Castel Folignano, Villa Pigna, Piane di Morro, Case di Coccia|mayor_party=|mayor=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=14.8|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Folignanesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=310|saint=|day=|postal_code=63040|area_code=0736|website={{official website|http://www.comunedifolignano.it}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Folignano''' ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|90|km|mi}} timog ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|6|km|mi|0}} timog-silangan ng [[Ascoli Piceno]]. Noong Disyembre 31, 2004, mayroon itong populasyon na 9,214 at may lawak na {{Convert|14.8|km2|mi2}}.<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>
Ang munisipalidad ng Folignano ay naglalaman ng mga ''[[frazione]]'' (mga pagkakahati, pangunahin ay mga nayon at pamayanan) ng Castel Folignano, Case di Coccia, Sant'Antonio, San Cipriano, San Benedetto, Piane di Morro, at Villa Pigna.
Ang Folignano ay may hangganan sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: [[Ascoli Piceno]], [[Civitella del Tronto]], [[Maltignano]], at [[Sant'Egidio alla Vibrata]].
Ang sentrong pangkasaysayan ng bayan ay nahahati sa ilang sona: Capolavilla (luklukan ng bayan), Spiazzo (Liwasan), Colle Pasquale (Burol ng Pasquale), Pielavilla (paa ng bayan).
== Ebolusyong demograpiko ==
<timeline>
Colors=
id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8)
id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1)
id:barra value:rgb(0.6,0.7,0.8)
ImageSize = width:455 height:303
PlotArea = left:50 bottom:50 top:30 right:30
DateFormat = x.y
Period = from:0 till:9000
TimeAxis = orientation:vertical
AlignBars = justify
ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:500 start:0
ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:100 start:0
BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo
BarData=
bar:1861 text:1861
bar:1871 text:1871
bar:1881 text:1881
bar:1901 text:1901
bar:1911 text:1911
bar:1921 text:1921
bar:1931 text:1931
bar:1936 text:1936
bar:1951 text:1951
bar:1961 text:1961
bar:1971 text:1971
bar:1981 text:1981
bar:1991 text:1991
bar:2001 text:2001
PlotData=
color:barra width:20 align:left
bar:1861 from: 0 till:1842
bar:1871 from: 0 till:1973
bar:1881 from: 0 till:2030
bar:1901 from: 0 till:2452
bar:1911 from: 0 till:2494
bar:1921 from: 0 till:2645
bar:1931 from: 0 till:2645
bar:1936 from: 0 till:2855
bar:1951 from: 0 till:2873
bar:1961 from: 0 till:2587
bar:1971 from: 0 till:2558
bar:1981 from: 0 till:5193
bar:1991 from: 0 till:8079
bar:2001 from: 0 till:8844
PlotData=
bar:1861 at:1842 fontsize:XS text: 1842 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1871 at:1973 fontsize:XS text: 1973 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1881 at:2030 fontsize:XS text: 2030 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1901 at:2452 fontsize:XS text: 2452 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1911 at:2494 fontsize:XS text: 2494 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1921 at:2645 fontsize:XS text: 2645 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1931 at:2645 fontsize:XS text: 2645 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1936 at:2855 fontsize:XS text: 2855 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1951 at:2873 fontsize:XS text: 2873 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1961 at:2587 fontsize:XS text: 2587 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1971 at:2558 fontsize:XS text: 2558 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1981 at:5193 fontsize:XS text: 5193 shift:(-8,5)
bar:1991 at:8079 fontsize:XS text: 8079 shift:(-8,5)
bar:2001 at:8844 fontsize:XS text: 8844 shift:(-8,5)
TextData=
fontsize:S pos:(20,20)
text:Datos mula sa ISTAT
</timeline>
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060905043803/http://www.comunedifolignano.it/ www.comunedifolignano.it]
{{Clear}}{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
tcgx592hmwgo4mbflikelozpv3g02f7
Force, Marche
0
138199
1963944
1926730
2022-08-20T06:18:21Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/943232347|Force, Marche]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Force|official_name=Comune di Force|native_name=|image_skyline=Panorama di Force.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|58|N|13|29|E|type:city(1,565)_region:IT|display=inline}}|coordinates_footnotes=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=34.31|population_footnotes=|population_total=1281|population_as_of=Agosto 31, 2017<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>|population_demonym=Forcesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=689|postal_code=63086|area_code=0736|website={{official website|http://www.comune.force.ap.it/}}|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Force''' ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|70|km|mi}} timog ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} hilagang-kanluran ng [[Ascoli Piceno]].
Ang pangalan ng "Force" ay nagmula sa salitang Italyano para sa "pitchfork", dahil ito ay matatagpuan sa pagitan ng mga lambak ng mga ilog Aso, [[Tesino]], at [[Tronto]]. Ang paninirahan ay nagsimula noong ika-5 siglo AD, nang, dahil sa mga pagsalakay ng mga barbaro, ang mga tao mula sa mga karatig na nayon ay nakahanap ng kanlungan dahil sa estratehikong depensibong posisyon nito.
Kasama sa mga pasyalan ang Cottage Verrucci (1936), at ang Kumbento ng Pinagpalang Maria Assunta Pallotta.
Kasama sa mga aktibidad sa bayan ang pagproseso ng tanso.
== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
40mn434czcplgvfpp72sgu5myklwnhr
1963947
1963944
2022-08-20T06:26:33Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Force|official_name=Comune di Force|native_name=|image_skyline=Panorama di Force.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_shield=|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|58|N|13|29|E|type:city(1,565)_region:IT|display=inline}}|coordinates_footnotes=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=34.31|population_footnotes=|population_total=1281|population_as_of=Agosto 31, 2017<ref name="istat">All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].</ref>|population_demonym=Forcesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=689|postal_code=63086|area_code=0736|website={{official website|http://www.comune.force.ap.it/}}|region=[[Marche]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
Ang '''Force''' ay isang [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|70|km|mi}} timog ng [[Ancona]] at mga {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} hilagang-kanluran ng [[Ascoli Piceno]].
Ang pangalan ng "Force" ay nagmula sa salitang Italyano para sa "pitchfork", dahil ito ay matatagpuan sa pagitan ng mga lambak ng mga ilog Aso, [[Tesino]], at [[Tronto]]. Ang paninirahan ay nagsimula noong ika-5 siglo AD, nang, dahil sa mga pagsalakay ng mga barbaro, ang mga tao mula sa mga karatig na nayon ay nakahanap ng kanlungan dahil sa estratehikong depensibong posisyon nito.
Kasama sa mga pasyalan ang Cottage Verrucci (1936), at ang Kumbento ng Pinagpalang Maria Assunta Pallotta.
Kasama sa mga aktibidad sa bayan ang pagproseso ng tanso.
== Pisikal na heograpiya ==
Ang munisipalidad ay kabilang sa komunidad ng [[Kabundukang Pamayanan ng Sibilino|Kabundukang Sibilino]].
== Sport ==
Ang lokal na koponan, ang Forcese football, ay naglalaro sa [[Ikatlong Kategorya]].
== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
fdlslu99clzfsdg1k6b6v9a76hxwp03
Grottammare
0
138200
1963942
1926731
2022-08-20T06:15:11Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/943238781|Grottammare]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Grottammare|official_name=Città di Grottammare|image_skyline=Grottamare panoramica.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=Tanaw mula sa lumang bayan|image_shield=Grottammare-Stemma.png|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|59|23|N|13|51|57|E|region:IT_type:city(15206)|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region={{RegioneIT|sigla=MAR}}|province={{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=AP}} (AP)|frazioni=Ischia|mayor_party=|mayor=Enrico Piergallini (simula Mayo 2013)|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=17.66|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Grottammaresi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=4|saint=[[San Paterniano]]|day=Hulyo 10|postal_code=63066|area_code=0735|website={{official website|http://www.comune.grottammare.ap.it/}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
{{Commons|Grottammare}}
Ang '''Grottammare''' ay isang bayan sa baybaying [[Dagat Adriatico|Adriatico]] at [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]].
Ang bayan ay tinatawid ng [[43rd parallel north]]. Ang ekonomiya ay kadalasang nakabatay sa turismo sa tag-init; kabilang sa iba pang sektor ang produksyon ng pagkain at gulay, mekanika, at komersiyo.
== Mga mamamayan ==
* [[Papa Sixto V]] (1521–1590), ipinanganak dito
* [[Pericle Fazzini]] (1913–1987), artista, ay lumikha ng bronseng eskulturang ''La Resurrezione'' sa Bulwagang Paul VI sa [[Lungsod ng Vaticano|Lungsod Vaticano]].
== Mga kinakapatid na bayan ==
* {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Napoles|Naples]], Italya
* {{Flagicon|Cape_Verde}} [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal, Cabo Verde]]
* {{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Gjirokastër]], Albania
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Itiúba]], Brazil
* {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Sant'Agata de' Goti]], Italya
== Tingnan din ==
* [[Riviera delle Palme (Marche)]]
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* ''[[Red Pepper (magazine)|Red Pepper]]'', Agosto 2004, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050410173556/http://www.redpepper.org.uk/Aug2004/x-Aug2004-Grottammare.html "Local Democracy Italian style"]
{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
00924pmyyf315asx5j2w8s6x31ztxmt
1963946
1963942
2022-08-20T06:23:21Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Grottammare|official_name=Città di Grottammare|image_skyline=Grottamare panoramica.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=Tanaw mula sa lumang bayan|image_shield=Grottammare-Stemma.png|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|42|59|23|N|13|51|57|E|region:IT_type:city(15206)|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region={{RegioneIT|sigla=MAR}}|province={{ProvinciaIT (short form)|sigla=AP}} (AP)|frazioni=Ischia|mayor_party=|mayor=Enrico Piergallini (simula Mayo 2013)|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=17.66|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Grottammaresi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=4|saint=[[San Paterniano]]|day=Hulyo 10|postal_code=63066|area_code=0735|website={{official website|http://www.comune.grottammare.ap.it/}}|footnotes=}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with image map1 but not image map]]
{{Commons|Grottammare}}
Ang '''Grottammare''' ay isang bayan sa baybaying [[Dagat Adriatico|Adriatico]] at [[komuna]] (munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno]] sa rehiyon ng [[Marche]] ng [[Italya]].
Ang bayan ay tinatawid ng [[43rd parallel north]]. Ang ekonomiya ay kadalasang nakabatay sa turismo sa tag-init; kabilang sa iba pang sektor ang produksyon ng pagkain at gulay, mekanika, at komersiyo.
== Mga mamamayan ==
* [[Papa Sixto V]] (1521–1590), ipinanganak dito
* [[Pericle Fazzini]] (1913–1987), artista, ay lumikha ng bronseng eskulturang ''La Resurrezione'' sa Bulwagang Paul VI sa [[Lungsod ng Vaticano|Lungsod Vaticano]].
== Mga kinakapatid na bayan ==
* {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Napoles|Naples]], Italya
* {{Flagicon|Cape_Verde}} [[Sal, Cape Verde|Sal, Cabo Verde]]
* {{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Gjirokastër]], Albania
* {{Flagicon|Brazil}} [[Itiúba]], Brazil
* {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Sant'Agata de' Goti]], Italya
== Sport ==
=== Futbol ===
Ang makasaysayang club ng futbol na Grottammare Calcio 1899, na nagsulat ng mahahalagang pahina ng panrehiyong futbol, ay nakabase sa munisipalidad. Sa kasalukuyan ang koponan ay naglalaro sa championship ng Eccellenza , ang pinakamataas na amateur na kampeonatong rehiyonal. Ang isa pang club ng futbol, ang GMD Grottammare, na naglalaro sa Ikalawang Kategorya, ay palaging nakabase sa munisipalidad.
== Tingnan din ==
* [[Riviera delle Palme (Marche)]]
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* ''[[Red Pepper (magazine)|Red Pepper]]'', Agosto 2004, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050410173556/http://www.redpepper.org.uk/Aug2004/x-Aug2004-Grottammare.html "Local Democracy Italian style"]
{{Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
18knwoz3u2panttjxqcz8d03j3uz7aw
A-1 Pictures
0
152243
1963913
1963910
2022-08-19T12:04:22Z
GinawaSaHapon
102500
/* 2010s */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Infobox company
| name = A-1 Pictures Inc.
| native_name = 株式会社A-1 Pictures
| romanized_name = Kabushiki gaisha Ē-wan Pikuchāzu
| logo = A-1 Pictures Logo.svg
| logo_size = 130px
| slogan =
| vector_logo =
| type = [[Kabushiki gaisha]]<br>[[Subsidiary]]
| genre =
| foundation = {{start date and age|2005|5|9}}
| founder = Mikihiro Iwata
| location = [[Suginami, Tokyo]], [[Hapón]]
| origins =
| key_people = Shinichiro Kashiwada <small>(Pangulo)</small><br />Masuo Ueda <small>(Pangalawang Pangulo)</small>
| area_served =
| industry = [[Istudyong pang-animasyon]]
| products = [[Anime]]
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| owner = [[Sony Group Corporation]]
| num_employees = 157 (Pebrero 2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kyuujin Hyou (Sakuga)|script-title=ja:求 人 票 【作画】,|trans-title=Balota sa Alok na Trabaho (Animasyon)|format=pdf|url=https://a1p.jp/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2022jobpostingshain2.pdf}}</ref>
| parent = [[Aniplex]]
| subsid =
| divisions = {{plainlist|Dibisyon ng Animasyon{{efn|{{nihongo|Dibisyon ng Animasyon ng A-1 Pictures|A-1 Pictures 動画部}}, ang namamahala sa animasyon.}}<br/>Dibisyon ng Sining{{efn|{{nihongo|Dibisyon ng Sining ng A-1 Pictures|A-1 Pictures 美術部}}, ang namamahala sa sining.}}<br/>Dibisyon ng Potograpiya{{efn|{{nihongo|Dibisyon ng Potograpiya ng A-1 Pictures|A-1 Pictures 撮影部}}, ang namamahala sa ''compositing'' (pagpapatong-patong) at epektong biswal.}}<br/>Dibisyon ng Kulay{{efn|{{nihongo|Dibisyon ng Pagtapos ng A-1 Pictures|A-1 Pictures 仕上部}}, ang namamahala sa kulay at pagpinta.}}}}
| homepage = {{URL|https://a1p.jp/}} (sa Hapón)
| footnotes =
}}
Ang '''A-1 Pictures'''{{efn|{{lang-ja|株式会社A-1 Pictures|translit=Kabushiki gaisha Ē-wan Pikuchāzu}}}} ay isang [[istudyong pang-animasyon]] na nakabase sa [[Suginami, Tokyo]] sa [[Hapón]]. Itinatag ito noong 2005 ng dating producer ng [[Sunrise]] na si Mikihito Iwata.<ref name="cbrTop10">{{cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/best-a-1-pictures-anime/|title=10 Best Anime from A-1 Pictures (According to IMDb)|trans-title=20 Pinakamagagandang Anime mula sa A-1 Pictures (Ayon sa IMDb)|lang=en|last=Jones|first=Isaiah|website=CBR|access-date=11 Agosto 2022|date=4 Oktubre 2019}}</ref> Subsidiary ito ng [[Aniplex]].<ref name="a1about">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808204732/https://a1p.jp/about/|url=https://a1p.jp/about/|archive-date=8 Agosto 2022|access-date=11 Agosto 2022|title=About|trans-title=Patungkol|lang=ja|website=A-1 Pictures}}</ref> Ilan sa mga sikat nilang ginawa ang ''[[Fairy Tail]]'' (2009–2019), ''[[Anohana]]'' (2011), ''[[Sword Art Online]]'' (2012–), ''[[Your Lie in April|Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso]]'' (2014–2015), at ''[[Kaguya-sama wa Kokurasetai: Tensaitachi no Ren'ai Zonousen]]'' (2019–).
== Kasaysayan ==
=== Pagtatag at mga unang taon ===
Itinatag ang A-1 Pictures noong ika-9 ng Mayo 2005 sa ilalim ng [[Aniplex]], ang sangay ng [[Sony Music Entertainment Japan]] para sa mga produksiyon ng [[anime]]. Una nilang prinodyus ang orihinal na anime na ''[[Zenmai Zamurai]]'' noong 2006 hanggang 2009. Noong 2007 naman, inilabas nila ang anime ng sikat na [[baseball]] [[manga]] na ''[[Big Windup!|Ookiku Furikabutte]]'', at nagdaos ng panel para rito sa [[Tokyo International Anime Fair]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-03-27/taf-2007-a-1-pictures-discusses-ookiku-furikabutte|date=28 Marso 2007|title=TAF 2007: A-1 Pictures Discusses ''Ookiku Furikabutte''|trans-title=TAF 2007: Pinag-usapan ng A-1 Pictures ang ''Ookiku Furikabutte''|lang=en|last=Miller|first=Evan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=11 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Sa parehong taon, nagdaos rin sila ng panel sa [[Anime Expo]] na ginanap sa [[Long Beach, California]] sa [[Estados Unidos]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-05-21/new-aniplex-backed-studio-to-hold-panel-at-anime-expo|date=22 Mayo 2007|access-date=11 Agosto 2022|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=New Aniplex-Backed Studio to Hold Panel at Anime Expo|trans-title=Bagong Istudyo ng Aniplex, Magdadaos ng Panel sa Anime Expo|lang=en}}</ref>
Sila ang napiling istudyo ng cable channel na [[Animax]] para isa-anime ang ''Takane no Jitensha'', ang nanalong script sa ika-6 na edisyon ng [[Gawad Animax|Animax Awards]], na ipinalabas sa naturang channel noong 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=6th Animax Award-Winning Scripts Announced|trans-title=Inanunsyo na ang mga Nanalong Script sa Ika-6 na Animax Awards|lang=en|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-09-10/6th-animax-award-winning-scripts-announced|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=10 Setyembre 2007|access-date=11 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref> Noong ika-8 ng Nobyembre, inanunsyo nila ang pagsasa-anime nila sa popular na video game na ''[[Persona 3]]''. Pinamagatang ''[[Persona: Trinity Soul]]'', sequel ito ng laro na ipinalabas noong Enero 2008.<ref>{{cite web|title=''Persona 3'' Game Adapted as Television Anime for January (Updated)|trans-title=Isina-anime ang Larong ''Persona 3'' na ipapalabas sa Enero (Na-update)|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=8 Nobyembre 2008|access-date=11 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2007-11-07/persona-3-game-adapted-as-television-anime|lang=en}}</ref> Samantala, inanunsyo naman noong Marso 2008 sa [[Tokyo International Anime Fair]] ang pagprodyus nila sa bagong anime ng seryeng ''[[Tetsuwan Birdy]]''.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 Marso 2008|access-date=12 Agosto 2022|title=New ''Birdy's'' Title Revealed: ''Birdy the Mighty Decode''|trans-title=Binunyag na ang Bagong ''Birdy's'': ''Birdy the Mighty Decode''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-03-22/new-birdy-title-revealed-birdy-the-mighty-decode|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Pinamagatang ''Tetsuwan Birdy Decode'', inilabas ito noong Hulyo 2008 hanggang Marso 2009. Inanunsyo naman sa isyu ng magasin na ''[[Animedia]]'' para sa Agosto 2008 ang anime ng manga na ''[[Black Butler|Kuroshitsuji]]'', na inilabas noong Oktubre ng taong ding yon, hanggang Marso 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-07-11/kuroshitsuji-anime-confirmed-to-premiere-this-fall|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=11 Hulyo 2008|access-date=12 Agosto 2022|title=Kuroshitsuji Anime Confirmed to Premiere This Fall|trans-title=Kumpirmadong Magpi-premiere Ngayon Taglagas ang Anime ng ''Kuroshitsuji''|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref> Sa parehong buwan din nila inilabas ang anime ng manga na ''[[Kannagi]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-08-15/kannagi-crazy-shrine-maidens-anime-trailer-streamed|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=16 Agosto 2008|access-date=12 Agosto 2022|title=''Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens'' Anime Trailer Streamed|trans-title=Nai-stream na ang Trailer ng Anime ng ''Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens''|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref> Samantala, inanunsyo naman noong Nobyembre 2008 na sila ang gagawa sa anime ng [[larong bidyo|video game]] ng [[Sega]] na ''[[Senjou no Valkyria]]'', na inilabas naman noong Abril hanggang Setyembre 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-11-12/valkyria-chronicles-game-to-get-tv-anime-next-spring|date=12 Nobyembre 2008|access-date=13 Agosto 2022|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=''Valkyria Chronicles'' Game to Get TV Anime Next Spring (Updated)|trans-title=Magkakaroon ng TV Anime ang Larong ''Valkyria Chronicles'' sa Darating na Tagsibol (Na-update)|lang=en}}</ref>
Sila ang pangunahing istudyo na gumawa sa anime ng [[shounen]] manga na ''[[Fairy Tail]]''. Nagkaroon ito ng tatlong magkakahiwalay na serye: ang una mula 2009 hanggang 2013,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-06-26/fairy-tail-manga-gets-anime-adaptation-green-lit|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=''Fairy Tail'' Manga Gets TV Anime Green-Lit for Fall (Updated)|trans-title=Nakuha ng Manga na ''Fairy Tail'' ang Greenlit sa TV Anime (Na-update)|lang=en|date=27 Hunyo 2009|access-date=13 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-02/fairy-tail-anime-tv-run-to-end-on-march-30|title=''Fairy Tail'' Anime's TV Run to End on March 30 (Updated)|trans-title=Magtatapos sa Marso 30 ang Pagpapalabas sa TV ng Anime ng ''Fairy Tail''|lang=en|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=2 Marso 2013|access-date=13 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> pangalawa noong 2015 hanggang 2016,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2013/12/28/fairy-tail-anime-scheduled-for-spring-return|title="Fairy Tail" Anime Scheduled for Spring Return|trans-title=Naka-iskedyul para sa Pagbabalik sa Tagsibol ang Anime na "Fairy Tail"|lang=en|website=[[Crunchyroll]]|last=Green|first=Scott|date=28 Disyembre 2013|access-date=13 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-03-19/fairy-tail-tv-anime-has-new-project-in-the-works/.99990|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=19 Marso 2016|access-date=13 Agosto 2022|title=''Fairy Tail'' TV Anime Has New Project in the Works|trans-title=May Bagong Ginagawang Proyekto ang TV Anime na ''Fairy Tail''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> at pangatlo mula 2018 hanggang 2019, para sa kabuuan na 328 episode.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2018-08-21/final-fairy-tail-tv-anime-reveals-visual-october-7-premiere/.135727|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|date=21 Agosto 2018|access-date=13 Agosto 2022|title=Final ''Fairy Tail'' TV Anime Reveals Visual, October 7 Premiere|trans-title=Binunyag ng Huling TV Anime na ''Fairy Tail'' ang Visual, Premiere sa Oktubre 7|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2019-07-27/fairy-tail-tv-anime-confirmed-to-end-in-328th-episode/.149400|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=27 Hulyo 2019|access-date=13 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|title=''Fairy Tail'' TV Anime Confirmed to End in 328th Episode|trans-title=Kumpirmadong Magtatapos ang TV Anime na ''Fairy Tail'' sa ika-328 na Episode|lang=en}}</ref>
Inanunsyo naman noong Enero 2008 na sila ang gagawa sa isang [[sci-fi]] na pelikula na may tentatibong pamagat na ''The Uchuu Show'', na nakatakdang ipalabas sa taong 2008.<ref>{{cite web|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=''Read or Die'' Team to Create ''The Uchū Show'' Movie in 2008|trans-title=Gagawin ng ''Read or Die'' Team ang Pelikulang ''The Uchū Show'' [ngayong] 2008.|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2008-01-07/read-or-die-team-to-create-the-uchu-show-movie-in-2008|date=8 Enero 2008|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Gayunpaman, inurong ito sa 2010 na may bagong pamagat na ''[[Uchuu Show e Youkoso]]'' at nag-premiere sa [[Berlin International Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-01-14/read-or-die-team-welcome-to-the-space-show-at-berlin|title=''Read or Die'' Team's ''Welcome to the Space Show'' at Berlin|trans-title=''Welcome to the Space Show'' ng ''Read or Die'' Team sa Berlin|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=14 Enero 2010|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
=== 2010s ===
Noong 2010, nakipagtulungan ang A-1 Pictures sa isang proyekto ng [[Aniplex]] at ng [[TV Tokyo]] na ''Anime no Chikara''.{{efn|{{lang-ja|アニメノチカラ}}; {{literal|lk=yes|Lakas ng Anime}}}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-03/aniplex-tv-tokyo-work-on-anime-no-chikara-project|title=Aniplex, TV Tokyo Work on ''Anime no Chikara'' Project|trans-title=Magtatrabaho ang Aniplex, TV Tokyo sa Proyektong ''Anime no Chikara''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=3 Agosto 2009|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Tatlo ang nagawang orihinal na anime sa ilalim nito noong 2010: ''[[Sora no Woto]]'', ''[[Senkou no Night Raid]]'', at ''[[Seikimatsu Occult Gakuin]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dengekionline.com/elem/000/000/186/186035/|website=[[Dengeki Bunko|Dengeki Online]]|title=TV Tokyo × Aniplex Shin Project "Anime no Chikara" wo Happyou|script-title=ja:テレビ東京×アニプレックスの新プロジェクト“アニメノチカラ”を発表!|trans-title=Inanunsyo na ang Bagong Proyekto ng TV Tokyo × Aniplex na "Anime no Chikara"|date=11 Agosto 2009|access-date=15 Agosto 2022|lang=ja}}</ref> Bukod sa proyektong ito, inilabas din nila ang mga anime ng [[yaoi]] na [[nobelang biswal]] na ''[[Togainu no Chi]]'' at ang [[slice of life]] na [[yonkoma]] na ''[[Working!!]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-03-22/togainu-no-chi-tv-anime-officially-announced|title=''Togainu no Chi'' TV Anime Officially Announced|trans-title=Opisyal na Inanunsyo na ang TV Anime ng ''Togainu no Chi''|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=22 Marso 2010|last=Loo|first=Egan|access-date=15 Agosto 2022|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-08-09/karino-takatsu-working-manga-gets-anime-green-lit|date=9 Agosto 2009|access-date=14 Agosto 2022|title=Karino Takatsu's ''Working!!'' Manga Gets Anime Green-Lit (Update 2)|trans-title=Nakakuha ng Greenlit sa Anime ang Manga na ''Working!!'' ni Karino Takatsu|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Loo|first=Egan}}</ref> pati na rin ang mga pangalawang season ng ''[[Black Butler|Kuroshitsuji]]'' at ''[[Big Windup!|Ookiku Furikabutte]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2009-06-14/kuroshitsuji-anime-second-season-green-lit|title=''Kuroshitsuji'' Anime's Second Season Green-Lit (Updated)|trans-title=Na-greenlit na ang Pangalawang Season ng Anime na ''Kuroshitsuji'' (Na-update)|date=14 Hunyo 2009|access-date=14 Agosto 2022|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-02-26/2nd-ookiku-furikabutte-tv-anime-series-titled-dated|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=2nd ''Ookiku Furikabutte'' TV Anime Series Titled, Dated|trans-title=Napamagatan, napetsahan na ang Ika-2 Serye ng Anime sa TV ng ''Ookiku Furikabutte''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=27 Pebrero 2010|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
Anim na anime ang nagawa ng istudyo noong 2011. Ang una sa mga ito ay ang orihinal na anime na ''[[Fractale]]'', na inilabas mula Enero hanggang Marso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-08-05/fractal-noitamaina-anime-with-yamakan-revealed|title=''Fractale'' Noitamina Anime with ''Kannagi'''s Yamakan Revealed (Updated)|trans-title=Binunyag na ang Anime sa Noitamina na ''Fractale'' kasama si Yamakan [Yutaka Yamamoto] ng ''Kannagi'' (Na-update)|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=6 Agosto 2010|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Samantala, inilabas naman mula Abril hanggang Hunyo ang ''[[Anohana]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-02-25/anohana-lotte-aria-the-scarlet-ammo-promos-streamed|title=''Anohana'', ''Lotte'', ''Aria the Scarlet Ammo'' Promos Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang mga Promo ng ''Anohana'', ''Lotte'', ''Aria the Scarlet Ammo''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=26 Pebrero 2011|access-date=14 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Tungkol sa kuwento ng isang grupo ng mga magkakaibigang namatayan ng kaibigan noong bata pa sila, nakatanggap ito ng mga parangal at papuri mula sa mga kritiko, at itinuturing bilang isa sa mga pinakamagagandang nagawang anime ng dekada 2010s.<ref name="colliderBest">{{cite web|url=https://collider.com/10-best-anime-from-the-2010s/|title=10 Best Anime From The 2010s|trans-title=10 Pinakamagagandang Anime Mula sa [Dekada] 2010s|lang=en|website=[[Collider (magasin)|Collider]]|last=St. James|first=Jordan|date=16 Hunyo 2022|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref name="polygonBest">{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/platform/amp/2019/11/6/20948241/best-new-anime-of-the-decade-2010s|website=[[Polygon (magasin)|Polygon]]|title=The best anime of the decade|trans-title=Ang mga pinakamagagandang anime ng dekada|lang=en|date=6 Nobyembre 2019|access-date=14 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Bukod dito, isina-anime rin nila ang shounen manga na ''[[Ao no Exorcist]]'', na inilabas mula Abril hanggang Oktubre,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-01-30/blue-exorcist-eva-2.22-k-on-durarara-promos-streamed|title=''Blue Exorcist'', ''Eva 2.22'', ''K-ON'', ''Durarara'' Promos Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang mga Promo ng ''Blue Exorcist'', ''Eva 2.22'', ''K-ON'', ''Durarara''|lang=en|last=Manry|first=Gia|date=31 Enero 2011|access-date=15 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> gayundin ang mga [[Idol (Hapon)|idol]] na video game na ''[[Uta no Prince-sama]]'' at ''[[The Idolmaster]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-02-06/uta-no-prince-sama-idol-romance-game-gets-tv-anime|title=''Uta no Prince-sama''— Idol Romance Game Gets TV Anime|trans-title=Nakakuha ng TV Anime ang Larong Romansang Idol na ''Uta no Prince-sama''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=7 Pebrero 2011|access-date=15 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-01-10/the-idolm@ster-game-gets-anime-green-lit|title=''The Idolm@ster'' Game Gets TV Anime Green-Lit (Updated)|trans-title=Nakakuha ng Greenlit sa TV Anime ang Larong ''The Idolm@ster'' (Na-update)|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=10 Enero 2011|access-date=15 Agosto 2022|lang=en}}</ref> Sa parehong taon din nila inilabas ang pangalawang season ng ''Working!!''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-08-15/working-tv-sequel-comic-market-promo-streamed|title=''Working'!!'' TV Sequel's Comic Market Promo Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang Promo sa Comic Market ng TV Sequel na ''Working'!!''|date=15 Agosto 2011|access-date=15 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|last=Loo|first=Egan|lang=en}}</ref>
Anim din na anime ang ginawa nila noong 2012, kabilang na ang mga sikat na serye tulad ng ''[[Magi (manga)|Magi]]'' at ''[[Sword Art Online]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-06-24/magi-the-labyrinth-of-magic-anime-1st-preview-streamed|title=''Magi - The Labyrinth of Magic'' Anime's 1st Preview Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang ika-1 Pasikip sa Anime na ''Magi - The Labyrinth of Magic''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=24 Hunyo 2012|access-date=16 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-12-10/sword-art-online-anime-slated-for-year-next-july|title=''Sword Art Online'' Anime Slated for 1/2 Year Next July|trans-title=Inilagay para sa 1/2 taon sa Darating na Hulyo ang Anime na ''Sword Art Online''|last=First|first=Joseph|date=11 Disyembre 2011|access-date=16 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref> Bukod sa dalawang ito, isina-anime rin nila ang manga na ''[[Uchuu Kyoudai]]'' at ang [[nobela|nobelang]] ''[[Shinsekai Yori]]'',<ref name="uchuuZero">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-04-15/space-brothers-anime-film-1st-key-visual-story-details-revealed|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|title=''Space Brothers'' Anime Film's 1st Key Visual, Story Details Revealed|trans-title=Binunyag na ang Pangunahing Visual, Detalye ng Kuwento ng Pelikula ng Anime na ''Space Brothers''|date=15 Abril 2014|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2012-03-07/2-yusuke-kishi-novels-with-screen-projects-get-manga|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|title=2 Yūsuke Kishi Novels With Screen Projects Get Manga|trans-title=2 Nobela ni Yūsuke Kishi na may Proyekto sa Screen ang Magkakaroon ng Manga|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=8 Marso 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref> gayundin ang video game na ''[[Chousoku Henkei Gyrozetter]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-12-01/square-enix-gyrozetter-card-game-gets-tv-anime|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Square Enix's ''Gyrozetter'' Card Game Gets 2012 TV Anime|trans-title=Nakakuha ng TV Anime sa 2012 ang Card Game na ''Gyrozetter'' ng Square Enix|lang=en|date=1 Disyembre 2011|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Naglabas rin sila ng isang orihinal na anime, ''[[Tsuritama]]'', na ipinalabas mula Abril hanggang Hunyo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-08/tsuritama-tv-anime-2nd-promo-streamed|last=Sherman|first=Jennifer|title=''Tsuritama'' TV Anime's 2nd Promo Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang Ika-2 Promo ng TV Anime na ''Tsuritama''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=9 Marso 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Bukod sa mga ito, inilabas rin nila ang mga pelikula ng ''Fairy Tail'' at ng ''Ao no Exorcist''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-10-12/fairy-tail-adventure-manga-gets-film-next-august|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=Fairy Tail Adventure Manga Gets Film on August 18 (Updated)|trans-title=Nakakuha ng Pelikula ang Adventure Manga na Fairy Tail sa Darating na Agosto 18 (Na-update)|lang=en|date=13 Oktubre 2011|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-03-30/blue-exorcist-film-staff-key-visual-revelaed|last=First|first=Joseph|title=''Blue Exorcist'' Film's Staff, Key Visual Revealed|trans-title=Binunyag na ang Staff, Pangunahing Visual ng Pelikula ng ''Blue Exorcist''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=31 Marso 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
Walo ang inilabas nilang anime noong 2013, kabilang na ang dalawang orihinal na gawa: ''[[Vividred Operation]]'' at ''[[Galilei Donna]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-05-29/strike-witches-takamura-launches-vivid-red-operation-anime|title=''Strike Witches''' Takamura Launches ''Vividred Operation'' Anime (Update 2)|trans-title=Nilunsad ni [Kazuhiro] Takamura ng ''Strike Witches'' ang Anime na ''Vividred Operation'' (Update 2)|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=29 Mayo 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-07-05/galileo-donna-anime-by-kite-umetsu-to-air-on-noitamina|title=''Galilei Donna'' Anime by ''Kite'''s Umetsu to Air on Noitamina|trans-title=Eere sa Noitamina ang anime na ''Galilei Donna'' ni [Yasuomi] Umetsu ng ''Kite''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=5 Hulyo 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Isina-anime rin nila sa taong ito ang nobelang magaan na ''[[Oreshura]]'' at ang mga manga na ''[[Servant × Service]]'' at ''[[Gin no Saji]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-09-16/oreshura-romantic-comedy-tv-anime-ad-staff-unveiled|title=''OreShura'' Romantic Comedy TV Anime's Ad, Staff Unveiled|trans-title=Inihayag na ang Ad, Staff ng Romantic Comedy TV Anime na ''OreShura''|lang=en|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=17 Setyembre 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-29/karino-takatsu-servant-service-manga-gets-tv-anime|title=Karino Takatsu's ''Servant × Service'' Manga Gets TV Anime|trans-title=Nakakuha ng TV Anime ang Manga ni Karino Takatsu na ''Servant × Service''|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=30 Marso 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]|lang=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-12/silver-spoon-anime-staff-at-a-1-key-visual-revealed|title=''Silver Spoon'' Anime's Staff at A-1, Key Visual Revealed|trans-title=Binunyag na ang Staff sa A-1 [Pictures], Pangunahing Visual ng Anime na ''Silver Spoon''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=12 Abril 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Noong ika-7 ng Oktubre 2012, inanunsyo na nilipat sa kanila ang pagprodyus sa ikalawang season ng ''[[Oreimo]]'' mula sa [[Anime International Company|AIC Build]], na ipinalabas mula Abril hanggang Hunyo 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-02-27/oreimo-2nd-season-slated-for-april-6|last=Loo|first=Egan|title=''Oreimo'''s 2nd Season Slated for April 6|trans-title=Nakatakda sa Abril 6 ang Ika-2 Season ng ''Oreimo''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=28 Pebrero 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-29/otakon-to-host-oreimo-2-finale-premiere-with-creator-director|title=Otakon to Host ''Oreimo 2'' Finale's Premiere With Creator, Director|trans-title=Iho-host ng Otakon ang Premiere ng Finale ng ''Oreimo 2'' Kasama ang Gumawa, Direktor|lang=en|last=Loveridge|first=Lynzee|date=30 Hunyo 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Bukod rito, ginawan rin nila ng pangalawang season ang mga seryeng ''Uta no Prince-sama'' at ''Magi''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-03-29/uta-no-prince-sama-maji-love-2000-percent-anime-trailer-ad-streamed|title=''Uta no Prince-sama - Maji Love 2000%'' Anime's Trailer, Ad Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang Trailer, Ad ng Anime na ''Uta no Prince-sama - Maji Love 2000%''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=30 Marso 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-08-04/magi-anime-october-sequel-previewed-in-1st-promo-video|title=''Magi'' Anime's October Sequel Previewed in 1st Promo Video|trans-title=Pinasilip sa Unang Promo Video ang Sequel sa Oktubre ng Anime na ''Magi''|lang=en|last=Nelkin|first=Sarah|date=4 Agosto 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Ginawan rin nila ng pelikula ang ''Anohana'' at ang manga na ''[[Saint Onii-san]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-04-01/anohana-film-1st-trailer-special-video-2nd-ad-streamed|title=''Anohana'' Film's 1st Trailer, Special Video, 2nd Ad Streamed|trans-title=Ini-stream na ang Unang Trailer, Espesyal na Video, Ika-2 Ad ng Pelikula ng ''Anohana''|lang=en|last=Loo|first=Egan|date=1 Abril 2013|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2012-11-17/saint-young-men-anime-film-slated-for-may-10|title=''Saint Young Men'' Anime Film Slated for May 10|trans-title=Nakatakda sa Mayo 10 ang Pelikulang Anime na ''Saint Young Men''|lang=en|date=18 Nobyembre 2012|access-date=17 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref>
May siyam na anime na nailabas nila noong 2014. Dalawa sa mga ito ay orihinal na gawa: ''[[Sekai Seifuku: Bouryaku no Zvezda]]'' na nilabas noong Enero,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-11-09/blue-exorcist-director-okamura-unveils-2nd-sekai-seifuku-ad|title=''Blue Exorcist'' Director Okamura Unveils 2nd ''Sekai Seifuku'' Ad|trans-title=Ipinakita ng Direktor ng ''Blue Exorcist'' na si [Tensai] Okamura ang Ika-2 Ad ng ''Sekai Seifuku''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=10 Nobyembre 2013|last=Loo|first=Egan|access-date=19 Agosto 2022}}</ref> at ''[[Aldnoah.Zero]]'' na inilabas noong Hulyo at ginawa sa pakikipagtulungan sa [[Troyca]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-02-15/fate/zero-aoki-helms-nitro+and-urobuchi-aldnoah.zero-tv-anime|title=''Fate/Zero'''s Aoki Helms Nitro+ & Urobuchi's ''Aldnoah.Zero'' TV Anime|trans-title=Papangunahan ni [Ei] Aoki ng ''Fate/Zero'' ang TV Anime ng Nitro+ at ni [Gen] Urobuchi na ''Aldnoah.Zero''|lang=en|website=[[Anime News Network]]|date=16 Pebrero 2014|last=Loo|first=Egan|access-date=19 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Inilabas nila noong Abril ang anime ng nobelang magaan na ''[[Ryuugajou Nanana no Maizoukin]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-12-12/nanana-buried-treasure-novel-gets-noitamina-anime-from-a-1-pictures|title=''Nanana's Buried Treasure'' Novel Gets Noitamina Anime from A-1 Pictures|trans-title=Nakakuha ng Anime sa Noitamina mula sa A-1 Pictures ang Nobelang ''Nanana's Buried Treasure''|lang=en|last=Hodgkins|first=Crystalyn|date=13 Disyembre 2013|access-date=19 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Samantala, inanunsyo naman na sila ang gagawa sa anime ng manga na ''[[Magic Kaito]]'', isang spinoff ng ''[[Detective Conan]]'', na ipinalabas mula Oktubre hanggang Marso ng sumunod na taon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-09-01/kappei-yamaguchi-m.a.o-star-in-magic-kaito-tv-anime-series/.78249|title=Kappei Yamaguchi, M.A.O Star in ''Magic Kaito'' TV Anime Series|trans-title=Bibida sina Kappei Yamaguchi, M.A.O sa Serye ng TV Anime na ''Magic Kaito''|lang=en|date=1 Setyembre 2014|last=Loo|first=Egan|website=[[Anime News Network]]|access-date=19 Agosto 2022}}</ref> Gumawa rin sila ng isang anime na base sa video game na ''[[Persona 4]]'', na ipinalabas mula Hulyo hanggang Setyembre sa ilalim ng pamagat na ''[[Persona 4: The Animation|Persona 4: The Golden Animation]]''.{{efn|Wag ikalito sa ''Persona 4: The Animation'', na orihinal na ginawa noong 2011 ng [[Anime International Company|AIC ASTA]].<ref name="persona4"/>}}<ref name="persona4">{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2014-05-02/persona-4-golden-gets-tv-anime-by-a-1-pictures-in-july|title=''Persona 4 Golden'' Gets TV Anime by A-1 Pictures in July|trans-title=Nakakuha ng TV Anime ng A-1 Pictures ang ''Persona 4 Golden'' sa [darating na] Hulyo|lang=en|last=Nelkin|first=Sarah|date=2 Mayo 2014|access-date=19 Agosto 2022|website=[[Anime News Network]]}}</ref> Nilabas rin nila ang pangalawang season ng ''Sword Art Online'' at ang pangatlong season ng ''Kuroshitsuji'' noong Hulyo.
Inanunsyo rin na sila ang gagawa sa popular na manga na ''[[Nanatsu no Taizai]]'', na ipinalabas mula Oktubre hanggang Marso ng sumunod na taon. Sa parehong panahon din nila nilabas ang anime ng manga na ''[[Your Lie in April|Shigatsu wa Kimi no Uso]]'', na umani ng mga papuri mula sa mga kritiko at itinuturing din bilang isa sa mga pinakamagagandang anime ng dekada 2010s.
=== 2020s ===
==Mga Gawa==
===Seryeng Pantelebisyon===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Pamagat !! Orihinal na Channel !! Simula ng unang pagpapalabas !! Katapusan ng unang pagpapalabas !! Mga banggit
|-
| ''[[Zenmai Zamurai]]'' || [[NHK Educational TV|NHK E]] || 3 Abril 2006 || 26 Marso 2010 || Orihinal na gawa<br/>Katulong ang No Side
|-
| ''Robby & Kerobby'' || [[TV Tokyo]] || 1 Abril 2007 || 30 Marso 2008 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Big Windup!]]'' || [[Tokyo Broadcasting System|TBS]], [[Mainichi Broadcasting System|MBS]] || 12 Abril 2007 || 28 Setyembre 2007 || Base sa manga ni [[Asa Higuchi]]
|-
| ''[[Persona: Trinity Soul]]'' || [[Tokyo Metropolitan Television|Tokyo MX]], [[Nippon BS Broadcasting|BS11]] || 5 Enero 2008 || 28 Hunyo 2008 || Base sa laro ng [[Atlus]]
|-
| ''[[Tetsuwan Birdy|Tetsuwan Birdy: Decode]]'' || [[Television Saitama|TV Saitama]] || 4 Hulyo 2008 || 29 Setyembre 2008 || Base sa manga ni [[Masami Yuki]]
|-
| ''[[Black Butler]]'' || MBS || 3 Oktubre 2008 || 27 Marso 2009 || Base sa manga ni [[Yana Toboso]]
|-
| ''[[Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens]]'' || Tokyo MX || 4 Oktubre 2008 || 27 Disyembre 2008 || Base sa manga ni Eri Takenashi<br/>Katulong ang [[Ordet (company)|Ordet]]
|-
| ''[[Tetsuwan Birdy|Tetsuwan Birdy: Decode 2]]'' || [[Sun Television|SUN-TV]] || 9 Enero 2009 || 28 Mayo 2009 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Tetsuwan Birdy: Decode''
|-
| ''[[Valkyria Chronicles]]'' || MBS || 4 Abril 2009 || 26 Setyembre 2009 || Based on a video game by [[Sega]]
|-
| ''[[Fairy Tail]]'' || [[TX Network|TXN]] (TV Tokyo) || 12 Oktubre 2009 (first series)<br/>5 Abril 2014 (second series)|| 30 Marso 2013 (first series)<br/>26 Marso 2016 (second series)|| Base sa manga ni [[Hiro Mashima]]<br/>Katulong ang [[Satelight]] (unang serye) at Bridge (pangalawang series)
|-
| ''[[Sound of the Sky]]'' || TV Tokyo || 5 Enero 2010 || 22 Marso 2010 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Ōkiku Furikabutte|Ōkiku Furikabutte ~Natsu no Taikai-hen~]]'' || MBS, TBS || 1 Abril 2010 || 24 Hunyo 2010 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Big Windup!''
|-
| ''[[Working!!]]'' || Tokyo MX || 4 Abril 2010 || 26 Hunyo 2010 || Base sa manga ni Karino Takatsu
|-
| ''[[Night Raid 1931]]'' || TV Tokyo || 5 Abril 2010 || 28 Hunyo 2010 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Black Butler|Black Butler II]]'' || MBS || 2 Hulyo 2010 || 17 Setyembre 2010 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Black Butler''
|-
| ''[[Occult Academy]]'' || TV Tokyo || 6 Hulyo 2010 || 27 Setyembre 2010 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Togainu no Chi]]'' || MBS, TBS || 7 Oktubre 2010 || 23 Disyembre 2010 || Base sa laro ng [[Nitro+chiral]]
|-
| ''[[Fractale]]'' || [[Fuji TV]] || 14 Enero 2011 || 1 Abril 2011 || Orihinal na gawa<br/>Katulong ang Ordet
|-
| ''[[Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day]]'' || Fuji TV || 15 Abril 2011 || 24 Hunyo 2011 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Blue Exorcist]]'' || [[Japan News Network|JNN]] (MBS) || 17 Abril 2011 || 2 Oktubre 2011 || Base sa manga ni Kazue Kato
|-
| ''[[Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love 1000%]]'' || Tokyo MX || 3 Hulyo 2011 || 24 Setyembre 2011 || Base sa laro ng [[Nippon Ichi Software]]
|-
| ''[[The Idolmaster]]'' || TBS || 8 Hulyo 2011 || 23 Disyembre 2011 || Base sa laro ng [[Namco Bandai]]
|-
| ''[[Working!!|Working'!!]]'' || Tokyo MX || 1 Oktubre 2011 || 24 Disyembre 2011 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Working!!''
|-
| ''[[Space Brothers (manga)|Space Brothers]]'' || [[Nippon Television Network System|NNS]] ([[Yomiuri Telecasting Corporation|ytv]]) || 1 Abril 2012 || 22 Marso 2014 || Base sa manga ni Chūya Koyama
|-
| ''[[Tsuritama]]'' || Fuji TV || 12 Abril 2012 || 28 Hunyo 2012 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Sword Art Online]]'' || Tokyo MX || 7 Hulyo 2012 || 22 Disyembre 2012 || Base sa magaang nobela ni [[Reki Kawahara]]
|-
| ''[[From the New World (novel)|From the New World]]'' || [[TV Asahi]] || 28 Setyembre 2012 || 23 Marso 2013 || Base sa nobela ni Yūsuke Kishi
|-
| ''[[Chō Soku Henkei Gyrozetter]]'' || TXN (TV Tokyo) || 2 Oktubre 2012 || 24 Setyembre 2013 || Base sa laro ng [[Square Enix]]
|-
| ''[[Magi (manga)|Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic]]'' || JNN (MBS) || 7 Oktubre 2012 || 31 Marso 2013 || Base sa manga ni [[Shinobu Ohtaka]]
|-
| ''[[Ore no Kanojo to Osananajimi ga Shuraba Sugiru]]'' || Tokyo MX || 6 Enero 2013 || 31 Marso 2013 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Yūji Yūji
|-
| ''[[Vividred Operation]]'' || MBS || 11 Enero 2013 || 29 Marso 2013 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love 1000%|Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love 2000%]]'' || [[Television Aichi Broadcasting|TV Aichi]] || 3 Abril 2013 || 26 Hunyo 2013 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love 1000%''
|-
| ''[[Ore no Imōto ga Konnani Kawaii Wake ga Nai]].'' || Tokyo MX || 7 Abril 2013 || 30 Hunyo 2013 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Tsukasa Fushimi<br/>Pagpapatuloy sa ''Ore no Imōto ga Konnani Kawaii Wake ga Nai''
|-
| ''[[Servant x Service]]'' || [[Asahi Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] || 4 Hulyo 2013 || 26 Setyembre 2013 || Base sa manga ni Karino Takatsu
|-
| ''[[Silver Spoon (manga)|Silver Spoon]]'' || Fuji TV || 11 Hulyo 2013 || 19 Setyembre 2013 || Base sa manga ni [[Hiromu Arakawa]]
|-
| ''[[Magi (manga)|Magi: The Kingdom of Magic]]'' || JNN (MBS) || 6 Oktubre 2013 || 30 Marso 2014 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic''
|-
| ''[[Galilei Donna]]'' || Fuji TV || 10 Oktubre 2013 || 20 Disyembre 2013 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Silver Spoon (manga)|Silver Spoon II]]'' || Fuji TV || 9 Enero 2014 || 27 Marso 2014 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Silver Spoon''
|-
| ''[[World Conquest Zvezda Plot]]'' || Tokyo MX || 11 Enero 2014 || 29 Marso 2014 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[Nanana's Buried Treasure]]'' || Fuji TV || 10 Abril 2014 || 19 Hunyo 2014 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Kazuma Ōtorino
|-
| ''[[Aldnoah.Zero]]'' || Tokyo MX || 5 Hulyo 2014 (Part 1)<br/>10 Enero 2015 (Part 2) || 20 Setyembre 2014 (Part 1)<br/>28 Marso 2015 (Part 2)<br/> || Orihinal na gawa<br/>Katulong ang [[Troyca|TROYCA]]
|-
| ''[[Sword Art Online|Sword Art Online II]]'' || Tokyo MX || 5 Hulyo 2014 || 20 Disyembre 2014 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Sword Art Online''
|-
| ''[[Persona 4: The Animation|Persona 4: The Golden Animation]]'' || MBS || 10 Hulyo 2014 || 25 Setyembre 2014 || Base sa laro ng [[Atlus]]
|-
| ''[[Black Butler|Black Butler: Book of Circus]]'' || MBS || 10 Hulyo 2014 || 11 Setyembre 2014|| Kaugnay sa ''Black Butler''
|-
| ''[[Magic Kaito|Magic Kaito 1412]]'' || NNS (ytv) || 4 Oktubre 2014 || 28 Marso 2015 || Base sa manga ni [[Gosho Aoyama]]
|-
| ''[[The Seven Deadly Sins (manga)|The Seven Deadly Sins]]'' || JNN (MBS) || 5 Oktubre 2014 || 29 Marso 2015 || Base sa manga ni [[Nakaba Suzuki]]
|-
| ''[[Your Lie in Abril]]'' || Fuji TV || 9 Oktubre 2014 || 19 Marso 2015 || Base sa manga ni Naoshi Arakawa
|-
| ''[[Saekano: How to Raise a Boring Girlfriend]]'' || Fuji TV || 8 Enero 2015 || 26 Marso 2015 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Fumiaki Maruto
|-
| ''[[The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls]]'' || Tokyo MX || 10 Enero 2015 || 11 Abril 2015 || Base sa isang larong pang-sosyal ng [[Namco Bandai]] seryeng ''[[The Idolmaster]]''
|-
| ''[[Magical Girl Lyrical Nanoha ViVid]]'' || Tokyo MX || 3 Abril 2015 || 19 Hunyo 2015 || Base sa manga ni Masaki Tsuzuki
|-
| ''[[Gunslinger Stratos|Gunslinger Stratos: THE ANIMATION]]'' || Tokyo MX || 4 Abril 2015 || 20 Hunyo 2015 || Base sa laro ng [[Square Enix]]
|-
| ''[[Ultimate Otaku Teacher]]'' || NNS (ytv) || 4 Abril 2015 || 26 Setyembre 2015 || Base sa manga ni Takeshi Azuma
|-
| ''[[Uta no Prince-sama|Uta no Prince-sama: Maji Love Revolutions]]'' || Tokyo MX || 5 Abril 2015 || 28 Hunyo 2015 || Kaugnay sa ''Uta no Prince-sama''
|-
| ''[[Gate (novel series)|Gate: Jieitai Kanochi nite, Kaku Tatakaeri]]'' || Tokyo MX || 3 Hulyo 2015 || 25 Marso 2016 || Base sa nobela ni Takumi Yanai
|-
| ''[[Working!!|Working!!!]]'' || Tokyo MX || 4 Hulyo 2015 || 26 Disyembre 2015 || Pangalawang pagpapatuloy sa ''Working!!''
|-
| ''[[The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls|The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls: 2nd Season]]'' || Tokyo MX || 17 Hulyo 2015 || 17 Oktubre 2015 || Pagpapatuloy sa ''The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls''
|-
| ''[[Subete ga F ni Naru]]'' || Fuji TV || 8 Oktubre 2015 || 17 Disyembre 2015 || Base sa nobela ni [[Hiroshi Mori (writer)|Hiroshi Mori]]
|-
| ''[[The Asterisk War]]'' || Tokyo MX || 3 Oktubre 2015 || 18 Hunyo 2016 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Yuu Miyazaki
|-
| ''[[Erased (manga)|Erased]]'' || Fuji TV || 7 Enero 2016 || 24 Marso 2016 || Base sa manga ni [[Kei Sanbe]]
|-
| ''[[Grimgar of Fantasy and Ash]]'' || Tokyo MX || 10 Enero 2016 || 26 Marso 2016 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Ao Jūmonji
|-
| ''[[Ace Attorney: I Object to that "Truth"!]]'' || NNS (ytv) || 2 Abril 2016 || 24 Setyembre 2016 || Base sa laro ng [[Capcom]]
|-
| ''[[B-Project: Kodou*Ambitious]]'' || Tokyo MX || 3 Hulyo 2016 || 25 Setyembre 2016 || Orihinal na gawa<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-03-26/mages-b-project-fictional-male-idol-project-gets-tv-anime-in-Hulyo/.100327|title=MAGES' 'B-Project' Fictional Male Idol Project Gets TV Anime in Hulyo|date=2016-03-27|website=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2016-05-09}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Qualidea Code]]'' || Tokyo MX || 10 Hulyo 2016 || 24 Setyembre 2016 || Orihinal na gawa
|-
| ''[[The Seven Deadly Sins (manga)|The Seven Deadly Sins: Signs of Holy War]]'' || JNN (MBS, TBS) || 28 Agosto 2016 || 18 Setyembre 2016 || Kaugnay sa ''The Seven Deadly Sins''
|-
| ''[[Working!!|WWW.Working!!]]'' || Tokyo MX || 1 Oktubre 2016 || 24 Disyembre 2016 || Spin-off sa ''Working!!''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-04-01/working-wagnaria-web-comic-edition-gets-tv-anime/.100552|title=Working/Wagnaria's Web Comic Edition Gets TV Anime|date=2016-04-01|website=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2016-04-01}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Uta no Prince-sama|Uta no Prince-sama Maji LOVE Legend Star]]'' || Tokyo MX || 2 Oktubre 2016 || 25 Disyembre 2016 || Kaugnay sa ''Uta no Prince-sama''
|-
| ''[[Occultic;Nine]]'' || Tokyo MX || 9 Oktubre 2016 || 25 Disyembre 2016 || Base sa magaang nobela ni Chiyomaru Shikura
|-
| ''[[Blue Exorcist|Blue Exorcist: Kyoto Saga]]'' || JNN (MBS) || 7 Enero 2017 || TBA || Kaugnay sa ''Blue Exorcist''
|-
| ''[[Interviews with Monster Girls]]'' || Tokyo MX || 7 Enero 2017 || TBA || Base sa manga ni Petos
|-
| ''[[Eromanga Sensei]]'' || Tokyo MX, MBS || Abril 2017 || TBA || Base sa magaang nobela ni [[Tsukasa Fushimi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2016-03-13/eromanga-sensei-anime-casts-akane-fujita-as-sagiri-izumi/.99737|title=Eromanga Sensei Anime Casts Akane Fujita as Sagiri Izumi|date=2016-03-13|website=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=2016-03-13}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Granblue Fantasy#Anime|Granblue Fantasy The Animation]]'' || Tokyo MX || Abril 2017 || TBA || Base sa laro ng Cygames<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2015-09-17/granblue-fantasy-smartphone-game-gets-anime-manga-adaptations/.93036|title=Granblue Fantasy Smartphone Game Gets Anime, Manga Adaptations|date=17 Setyembre 2015|website=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=13 Marso 2016}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Saekano: How to Raise a Boring Girlfriend|Saekano: How to Raise a Boring Girlfriend Flat]]'' || Fuji TV || Abril 2017 || TBA || Pagpapatuloy sa ''Saekano: How to Raise a Boring Girlfriend''
|-
| ''[[Fate/Apocrypha]]'' || TBA || 2017 || TBA || Base sa magaang nobela ni Yūichirō Higashide
|}
===Produkyong Pampelikula===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Pamagat !! Araw ng Paglabas !! Mga banggit
|-
| ''[[Welcome to the Space Show]]'' || 26 Hunyo 2010 ||
|-
| ''[[Fairy Tail the Movie: The Phoenix Priestess]]'' || 18 Agosto 2012 ||
|-
| ''[[Blue Exorcist|Blue Exorcist: The Movie]]'' || 28 Disyembre 2012 ||
|-
| ''[[Saint Young Men]]'' || 10 Mayo 2013 ||
|-
| ''[[Anohana: The Flower We Saw That Day]]'' || 31 Agosto 2013 ||
|-
| ''[[The Idolmaster Movie: Beyond the Brilliant Future!]]'' || 25 Enero 2014 ||
|-
| ''[[Young Animator Training Project|Ookii 1 Nensei to Chiisana 2 Nensei]]'' || 1 Marso 2014 ||
|-
| ''[[Persona 3 The Movie: No. 2, Midsummer Knight's Dream|Persona 3 The Movie: #2 Midsummer Knight's Dream]]'' || 7 Hunyo 2014 ||
|-
| ''[[Space Brothers (manga)|Space Brothers #0]]'' || 9 Agosto 2014 ||
|-
| ''[[Persona 3 The Movie: No. 3, Falling Down|Persona 3 The Movie: #3 Falling Down]]'' || 4 Abril 2015 ||
|-
| ''[[The Anthem of the Heart]]'' || 19 Setyembre 2015 ||
|-
| ''[[Garakowa: Restore the World]]'' || 9 Enero 2016 ||
|-
| ''[[Persona 3 The Movie: No. 4, Winter of Rebirth|Persona 3 The Movie: #4 Winter of Rebirth]]'' || 23 Enero 2016 ||
|-
| ''Doukyuusei'' || 20 Pebrero 2016 ||
|-
| ''[[Black Butler: Book of the Atlantic]]'' || 21 Enero 2017 ||
|-
| ''[[Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale]]'' || 18 Pebrero 2017 ||
|-
| ''[[Fairy Tail|Fairy Tail Movie 2: Dragon Cry]]'' || Q2 2017 ||
|}
===OVA/ONA===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Pamagat !! Araw ng Paglabas !! Mga banggit
|-
|''[[Big Windup!]]''
|2007
|
|-
|''[[Black Butler]]''
|2009
|
|-
|''[[Kannagi: Crazy Shrine Maidens]]''
|2009
|
|-
|''[[Sound of the Sky]]''
|2010
|
|-
|''[[Night Raid 1931]]''
|2010
|
|-
| ''[[Valkyria Chronicles III]]'' || 27 Enero 2011 ||
|-
| ''[[Black Butler|Black Butler: Book of Murder]]'' || 25 Oktubre 2014 (Part 1)<br />15 Nobyembre 2014 (Part 2)||
|-
| ''[[Brotherhood: Final Fantasy XV]]'' || 30 Marso 2016 – 30 Setyembre 2016 || Katulong ang [[Square Enix]]. Base sa mundo at pagpapatuloy sa 2016 na larong, ''[[Final Fantasy XV]]''.
|-
| ''[[Shelter (song)|Shelter]]''
|2016
| Bidyong pangmusika para sa Amerikanong musikano ng EDM na si [[Porter Robinson]]
|}
===Iba pa===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Pamagat !! Taon !! Mga banggit
|-
| ''[[Namisuke]]'' || 2007 ||
|-
| ''[[Takane no Jitensha]]'' (a.k.a. Takane's Bike) || 2008 || Nanalo ng award mula sa [[Animax Taishō]] ng [[Animax]]
|-
| ''[[Ōkiku Furikabutte: Honto no Ace ni Nareru Kamo]]'' || || Larong pang-[[Nintendo DS]]; Ginawa ang animasyon at ilan sa mga CG
|-
| ''[[Shin Megami Tensei: Persona 4]]'' || 2008 || Larong pang-[[PlayStation 2]]; Ginawa ng animasyon kasabay ang [[Studio Hibari]]
|-
| ''[[Valkyria Chronicles II]]'' || 2010 || Larong pang-[[PlayStation Portable]]
|-
| ''[[Phoenix Wright: Ace Attorney − Spirit of Justice]]'' || 2016 || Larong pang-[[Nintendo 3DS]]
|-
|}
<!--Don't add Shelter here; it's already listed under "Film"-->
== Talababa ==
{{notelist}}
== Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}
== Link sa labas ==
* {{official website|http://www.a1p.jp/}} {{in lang|ja}}
* {{ann|company|6177}}
[[Kategorya:A-1 Pictures]]
[[Kategorya:Mga naitatag noong 2005 sa Hapon]]
[[Kategorya:Aniplex]]
[[Kategorya:Mga istudyong pang-animasyon sa Tokyo]]
[[Kategorya:Mga istudyong pang-animasyon sa Hapon]]
[[Kategorya:Mga kumpanyang pangmidya na naitatag noong 2005]]
elkqdlylxx54e1yzzn9mxjh5y1qn9wp
Pamamaril sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook
0
197330
1963927
1963519
2022-08-19T14:55:28Z
Ivan P. Clarin
84769
/* Mga biktima */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{For|Pamamaril sa eskuwelahan|Pamamaril sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Robb}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
| partof = Bahagi ng pamamaril sa Estados Unidos
| image = Police at Sandy Hook.PNG
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Law enforcement at the scene of the shooting.<!--Newtown CT lg.PNG Newtown, located within <br /> [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]-->
{{-}}
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = {{nowrap|Sandy Hook Elementary School<br />Sandy Hook, Newtown, [[Connecticut]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}
| target = Students and staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School
| coordinates = {{coord|41|25|12|N|73|16|43|W|region:US-CT_type:event|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GNIS">{{cite web |title=GNIS for Sandy Hook School |publisher=[[USGS]] |date=October 24, 2001 |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1942891 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131141822/https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=GNISPQ:3:::NO::P3_FID:1942891 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| date = {{start date and age|2012|12|14}}
| time-begin = {{Circa|9:35 a.m.}}
| time-end = {{nowrap|{{Circa|9:40 a.m.}}}}<ref name="oakpresstimeline">{{cite news|last=Scinto|first=Rich|title=Sandy Hook Elementary: Newtown, Connecticut shooting timeline|url=http://www.theoaklandpress.com/articles/2012/12/15/news/nation_and_world/doc50cd1eec00eb9242897410.txt|access-date=December 17, 2012|newspaper=[[The Oakland Press]]|date=December 15, 2012|archive-date=December 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221111722/http://theoaklandpress.com/articles/2012/12/15/news/nation_and_world/doc50cd1eec00eb9242897410.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NbcNewsUSCfE">{{cite news | url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/19/16019514-call-for-everything-police-scanner-recording-reveals-early-moments-of-newtown-tragedy | title='Call for everything': Police scanner recording reveals early moments of Newtown tragedy | date=December 19, 2012 | access-date=December 19, 2012 | publisher=NBC News | first=Tracy | last=Connor | archive-date=December 19, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219214054/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/19/16019514-call-for-everything-police-scanner-recording-reveals-early-moments-of-newtown-tragedy | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CTPost March 28, 2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Access-to-weapons-made-tragedy-possible-4392681.php|title=Access to weapons made tragedy possible|date=March 28, 2013|newspaper=Connecticut Post|access-date=April 3, 2013|archive-date=June 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624145607/http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Access-to-weapons-made-tragedy-possible-4392681.php|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| timezone = [[UTC−05:00]]
| type = [[School shooting]], [[murder–suicide]], [[Child murder|pedicide]], [[matricide]], [[Spree killer|spree shooting]], [[mass shooting]], [[mass murder]]
| fatalities = 28 (27 at the school, including the perpetrator; and the perpetrator's mother at home)<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |title=Children Were All Shot Multiple Times With a Semiautomatic, Officials Say |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 15, 2012 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/nyregion/gunman-kills-20-children-at-school-in-connecticut-28-dead-in-all.html |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=December 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216184847/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/nyregion/gunman-kills-20-children-at-school-in-connecticut-28-dead-in-all.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/12/14/connecticut-school-shooting.html|publisher=[[CBC News]]|title=20 children among dead at school shooting in Connecticut|access-date=December 14, 2012|date=December 14, 2012|archive-date=December 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214173829/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/12/14/connecticut-school-shooting.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| injuries = 2<ref name="Police: Second person injured in Connecticut school shooting survived">{{cite web|title=Police: Second person injured in Connecticut school shooting survived|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/17/15969867-police-second-person-injured-in-connecticut-school-shooting-survived?lite|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=December 17, 2012|archive-date=April 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416220342/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/17/15969867-police-second-person-injured-in-connecticut-school-shooting-survived?lite|url-status=live}}</ref>
| perp = Adam Lanza<ref name="ID">{{cite news|first=Miguel|last=Llanos|title=Authorities ID gunman who killed 27 in elementary school massacre|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15911025-authorities-id-gunman-who-killed-27-in-elementary-school-massacre?lite|publisher=[[NBC News]]|agency=Associated Press|access-date=December 14, 2012|date=December 14, 2012|archive-date=December 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216022608/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15911025-authorities-id-gunman-who-killed-27-in-elementary-school-massacre?lite|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|last=Jennings|first=Natalie|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2012/12/14/mark-kelly-action-on-guns-can-no-longer-wait|title=Mark Kelly: Action on guns 'can no longer wait'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 14, 2012|access-date=December 17, 2012|archive-date=December 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215215956/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2012/12/14/mark-kelly-action-on-guns-can-no-longer-wait/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| weapons = {{bulleted list|[[Bushmaster XM-15|Bushmaster XM15-E2S]] rifle|[[Glock#10mm Auto|Glock 20SF]] handgun| [[.22 Long Rifle|.22LR]] [[Savage Arms|Savage Mark II]] [[Bolt action|bolt-action]] rifle}}<ref name="CTSP-20130118">{{cite web|last=Vance|first=J. Paul|title=Update: State Police Identify Weapons Used in Sandy Hook Investigation|url=http://www.ct.gov/despp/cwp/view.asp?Q=517284&A=4226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517175905/http://www.ct.gov/despp/cwp/view.asp?A=4226&Q=517284|archive-date=May 17, 2016|publisher=State of Connecticut Department of Emergency Services & Public Protection Connecticut State Police|access-date=December 15, 2016|url-status=dead |quote=Seized inside the school: #1. Bushmaster .223 caliber model XM15-E2S rifle with high capacity 30 round magazine #2. Glock 10 mm handgun #3. Sig-Sauer P226 9mm handgun ... The shooter used the Bushmaster .223 to murder 20 children and six adults inside the school; he used a handgun to take his own life inside the school. No other weapons were used in this crime.}}</ref><ref name="conn-school">{{cite news |title=Conn. school shooter had 4 weapons |publisher=CBS News |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57559395/conn-school-shooter-had-4-weapons/ |access-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215184407/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57559395/conn-school-shooter-had-4-weapons/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newtown shooter's guns: What we know">{{cite news |last=Almasy |first=Steve |title=Newtown shooter's guns: What we know |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/18/us/connecticut-lanza-guns/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=December 30, 2012 |date=December 19, 2012 |quote=The primary weapon used in the attack was a "Bushmaster AR-15 assault-type weapon," said Connecticut State Police Lt. Paul Vance. The rifle is a Bushmaster version of a widely made AR-15, the civilian version of the M-16 rifle used by the U.S. military. The original M-16 patent ran out years ago, and now the AR-15 is manufactured by several gunmakers. Unlike the military version, the AR-15 is a semiautomatic, firing one bullet per squeeze of the trigger. But like the M-16, ammunition is loaded through a magazine. In the school shooting, police say Lanza's rifle used numerous 30-round magazines. |archive-date=December 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229142140/http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/18/us/connecticut-lanza-guns/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hc" /><ref name="cnn20130329" /><ref name="esposito">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/twenty-children-died-newtown-connecticut-school-shooting/story?id=17973836 |title=20 Children Died in Newtown, Conn., School Massacre |agency=Associated Press |first1=Richard |last1=Esposito |first2=Candice |last2=Smith |first3=Christina |last3=Ng |publisher=ABC News |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=December 14, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215031441/http://abcnews.go.com/US/twenty-children-died-newtown-connecticut-school-shooting/story?id=17973836 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="49IYz">{{Cite web|last=Research|first=CNN Editorial|date=2013-06-07|title=Sandy Hook School Shootings Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/us/connecticut-shootings-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>
| motive = Inconclusive<ref name="LP2oO">{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Tom |last2=Riordan Seville |first2=Lisa |title=Newtown report: Shooter Adam Lanza had no clear motive, was obsessed with Columbine |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/newtown-report-shooter-adam-lanza-had-no-clear-motive-was-flna2D11651840 |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=25 November 2013 |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024103534/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/newtown-report-shooter-adam-lanza-had-no-clear-motive-was-flna2D11651840 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DBLvX">{{cite news |last1=Richinick |first1=Michele |title='No conclusive motive' in Newtown shootings, report says |url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/no-conclusive-motive-sandy-hook-massacre |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[MSNBC]] |date=25 November 2013 |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529191007/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/no-conclusive-motive-sandy-hook-massacre |url-status=live}}</ref>
| litigation = Wrongful death lawsuit against Remington Arms settled for $73 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/02/15/sandy-hook-families-reach-settlement-remington-arms/6797030001|title=Sandy Hook families agree to $73 million settlement with gunmaker Remington|last=Fernando|first=Christine|date=2022-02-15|work=USA Today|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
}}
Naganap ang '''pamamaril sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook''' noong 14 Disyembre 2012, 9:30 a.m ng umaga na kung saan pumasok si Adam Lanza, edad 20, sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook sa Sandy Hook, isang nayon ng ''Newtown'', [[Connecticut]] sa [[Estados Unidos]]. Ibinaril niyang patay ang 27 katao, kabilang ang 20 bata, sa isang "maramihang pamamaril". Ipinadala sa mga kalapit na ospital ang tatlo sa mga ibinaril na nasa kritikal na kalagayan, at namatay ang dalawa sa kanila dahil sa mga sugat na kanilang naitamo. Nagpakamatay naman si Lanza sa panahon ng pamamaril.
==Pangyayari==
[[Talaksan:Map of Sandy Hook shooting.png|thumb|Ang Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook at tahanan ni Lanza.]]
Itong pamamaril ang pinakamapagkamatay sa mga pamamaril sa paaralang naganap sa Estados Unidos makatapos ng "Pamamaril sa Virginia Tech" noong 2007, at ikatlo sa pinakamapagkamatay sa lahat ng mga masaker na naganap sa paaralan sa naturang bansa.
Bago naganap ang pamamaril sa Sandy Hook, ibinaril at ipinatay ni Lanza ang kaniyang ina na si Nancy Lanza, isang gurong pang-kindergarten sa paaralan, sa bahay na kinatitirahan nila sa Newtown. Pagkatapos nito, nag-maneho siya patungong paaralan. Iniulat din na nawawala ang ka-relasyon at isang kaibigan ni Lanza sa estado ng [[New Jersey|Bagong Jersey]].
===Buod===
; Patuloy na pamamaril
Bago maganap ang pamamaril sa Elementarya ng Sandy Hook, unang napaslang ni Adam ang mismong sariling ina na si Nancy Lanza, ng mag laon gamit ang kanyang sasakyang kotse ay tumungo ito sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook suot suot ang itim na damit, bonet, yellow earplugs, sunglasses at gamit ang .22-caliber Savage Mark II rifle at body wearing armor, Sina Principal Dawn Hochsprung at school psychologist Mary Sherlach habang nagpupulong sa kanilang guidance office ay may narinig na unang putok, nabasag ang mga wall glass paraan para makabaril ng mga tao, unang narinig ni Natalie Hammond papunta sa hall upang malaman kung saang galing ang tunog ng pamamaril, na mapagalaman na si Lanza ay pumasok sa unang lagusan, unang pinuntirya nito ang silid aralan ni Lauren Rousseau ay mahigit na 15 mga batang mag-aaral na nasa-edad na 6 at 7 maliban sa isang batang babae na nakaitim ang damit na nagpangap na patay na nakahilera ang kanyang mga kaklase na duguan, sa mismong harapan ni Lanza bago ito magpakamatay gamit ang baril na binaril niya ang kanyang noo.
; Bago ang pangyayari
Ang isang batang 9 taong gulang na lalaki ay narinig niya ang mga pulis na "Put your hands up" at "Don't shoot" habang nag tatago ito, habang ang maraming tao ay nagsisigawan dahil sa pinsala ng pamamaril, nagtungo sila ng kanyang mga kaklase at kanyang guro sa isang closet sa gymnasium upang doon muna magtago, Si Diane Dy ay isang therapist na kung saan ito ay nasa faculty habang nagpupulong kasama si Dawn Hochsprung, ay narinig pa ang ilang hiyaw sa magkakasunod na putok ng [[baril]], Ang panglawang guro na nasa ilalim ng kindergarten ay sinira nito ang mga durungawan (bintana) upang hindi makapasok ang suspek na si Adam at bigo nga itong mapasok ang silid aralan.
===Pamamaril sa mga silid aralan===
[[Talaksan:Sandy Hook Elementary floorplan.svg|thumb|upright|Floorplan of Sandy Hook Elementary; Classrooms 8 (Rousseau/D'Avino), 10 (Soto/Murphy) and 12 (Roig) are labeled along with the main office (o) and Conference Room 9 (Hochsprung/Sherlach/Hammond)]].
Si Lanza, Adam ay unang lumusob sa paaralan No. 8 na kung saan si Lauren Rousseau isang substitute na guro sa loob ng ilang buwan (2012) ay unang napuntirya na kinitil ang mga mag-aaral na sina; Ana Márquez-Greene, Benjamin Wheeler, Caroline Previdi, Catherine Hubbard, Charlotte Bacon, Chase Kowalski, Daniel Barden, Emilie Parker, Grace McDonnell, [[Jack Pinto]], James Mattioli, Jessica Rekos, Josephine Gay, Madeline Hsu at Noah Pozner ang natagpuan ng mga Pulis Newtown na utas at naliligong duguan, maliban sa isa pa nilang kaklase na napanggap na patay, Siya ay nakaupo malapit sa palikuran ng kanilang silid, Ang kanyang pamilya ay isang pastor sa isang Gosphel church, Na iyon ang dahilan na hindi pa niya oras na nagpanggap na utas, Sabi ay "Mommy, I'm okay, but all my friends are dead.", Ipinaliwanag ng batang sole survivor na si Adam Lanza ay galit na galit habang pinagbabaril ang kanyang mga kaklase sa harapan niya, Habang ang isa pang batang babae ay nagtatago kabilang ang ilang guro ay sa palikuran ay may narinig sila sa kabilang silid na kung saan ang klase ni "Victoria Leigh Soto", ang isang batang lalaki sa palikuran ay nagsisigaw na "Help me! I don't want to be here!", ng marinig ni Lanza ang hiyaw ng bata ito ang paraan ng pag patay.
Habang napaslang ni Lanza ang mga bata sa silid 8, nagtungo ito sa silid 10 kung nasaan si ''Victoria Leigh Soto'' na itinago ang 7 na kanyang mag-aaral sa ilalim ng mesa at ang iba ay sa aparador at banyo, Si Soto ay naglakad-lakad upang silayan ang silid dahil sa pag-atake ng suspek "Adam", Habang patungo si Lanza kanilang silid ay nakita nito si Jesse Lewis (6) na nakaupo at sinabi nito sa kanyang mga kaklase ay magtago at tumakbo ngunit ito ay binaril sa noo, nakita ni Lanza si Olivia Engel na tumakas at binaril sa ulo, iilan pa ang mga magaaral na nasawi na sina Avielle Richman, Allyson Wyatt at Dylan Hockley.
Ayon sa ulat ng ''Hartford Courant'' ay sinabi ng anim na estudyante paraan ng kanilang pagtakas kay Lanza, ito ay huminto sa kanyang pamamaril habang nilalagyan niya ng bala ang kanyang "22 rifle", Ang maagang ulat na si Lanza ay pumasok sa silid 8 at hinahanap ang ibang batang mag-aaral kay Sotto, sinabi ng guro na wala ang mga bata sila ay nasa isang awditoryum, habang kasami ni Sotto ang tatlong bata hawak ng kanyang mga kamay saka umano binaril ni Lanza sina Sotto, Richman at Wyatt, Si Anne Marie Murphy, isang special education teacher na nagtatrabaho sa isang special-needs students in Soto's classroom ay kasama niya si Dylan Hockley ay kasama rin sa mga namatay, Si Victoria Sotto sa kanyang silid ay malapit sa north wall sa key, Ang unang bata nakita sa ospital ng Danbury ngunit ito ay ideneklarang "dead on arrival", 6 na mag-aaral ang nakaligtas at 1 school bus driver ng "Sandy Hook" upang iuwi ang mga bata sa kani-kanilang tahanan.
Ayon sa opisyal na ulat ang 9 mag-aaral kabilang si Ashley ang nagpalabas ng kanyang pahayag taong 2018, Batay sa mga pulis nagtago ang iilan sa banyo paraan ng kanilang pag-ligtas ngunit 5 na mga bata ni Soto ang nasawi.
==Mga biktima==
[[Talaksan:VictoriaLeighSoto.jpg|thumb|Victoria Leigh Soto.]]
{{div col|colwidth=17em}}
Mga napatay:
'''Ina ng salarin'''
Nancy Lanza, 52 (shot at home)
'''Personnel ng eskuwelahan'''
* Rachel D'Avino, 29, behavior therapist
* Dawn Hochsprung, 47, principal
* Anne Marie Murphy, 52, special education teacher
* Lauren Rousseau, 30, teacher
* Mary Sherlach, 56, school psychologist
* Victoria Leigh Soto, 27, teacher
'''Mga estudyante'''
* Charlotte Bacon, 6
* Daniel Barden, 7
* Olivia Engel, 6
* Josephine Gay, 7
* Dylan Hockley, 6
* Madeleine Hsu, 6
* Catherine Hubbard, 6
* Chase Kowalski, 7
* Jesse Lewis, 6
* Ana Márquez-Greene, 6
* James Mattioli, 6
* Grace McDonnell, 7
* Emilie Parker, 6
* [[Jack Pinto]], 6
* Noah Pozner, 6
* Caroline Previdi, 6
* Jessica Rekos, 6
* Avielle Richman, 6
* Benjamin Wheeler, 6
* Allison Wyatt, 6
'''''Salarin'''''
* Adam Lanza, 20 (suicide)
Mga nabuhay:
'''Sugatan'''
* Natalie Hammond, 40, lead teacher
* Deborah Pisani
'''Mga nakaligtas'''
* Ashley Hubner, 6
* Andrew
* Jackie
* Daniel Sibley
* Nicole
* Maggie LaBlanca
* Lauren Milgram
{{div col end}}
==Galeriya==
===Mga estudyante===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Noah Pozner - 2010.jpg|Noah Pozner
Talaksan:Jack Pinto, 6.jpg|Jack Pinto Jr.
Talaksan:Benjamin Wheeler.jpg|Benjamin Wheeler
Talaksan:Dylan Hockley, 6.jpg|Dylan Hockley
Talaksan:Jesse Lewis.jpg|Jesse Lewis
</gallery>
===Memoriam===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial 12-26.jpg|Sandy Hook Elem School Memoriam
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial.PNG|Sandy Hook Elem School Memorial
</gallery>
===Seremonya===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial Flag Flying 130114-N-TR763-029.jpg|Pagtaas ng watawat ng U.S.
Talaksan:A Sailor lowers the flag to half-mast. (8283346037).jpg|Pagbaba ng watawat ng U.S.
</gallery>
==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pamamaril]]
{{usbong|Estados Unidos|Kasaysayan}}
11wzy03o3paxnpve2489dxd3cc57fre
1963928
1963927
2022-08-19T14:56:02Z
Ivan P. Clarin
84769
/* Mga biktima */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{For|Pamamaril sa eskuwelahan|Pamamaril sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Robb}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
| partof = Bahagi ng pamamaril sa Estados Unidos
| image = Police at Sandy Hook.PNG
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Law enforcement at the scene of the shooting.<!--Newtown CT lg.PNG Newtown, located within <br /> [[Fairfield County, Connecticut]]-->
{{-}}
| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| location = {{nowrap|Sandy Hook Elementary School<br />Sandy Hook, Newtown, [[Connecticut]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}
| target = Students and staff at Sandy Hook Elementary School
| coordinates = {{coord|41|25|12|N|73|16|43|W|region:US-CT_type:event|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GNIS">{{cite web |title=GNIS for Sandy Hook School |publisher=[[USGS]] |date=October 24, 2001 |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1942891 |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131141822/https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=GNISPQ:3:::NO::P3_FID:1942891 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| date = {{start date and age|2012|12|14}}
| time-begin = {{Circa|9:35 a.m.}}
| time-end = {{nowrap|{{Circa|9:40 a.m.}}}}<ref name="oakpresstimeline">{{cite news|last=Scinto|first=Rich|title=Sandy Hook Elementary: Newtown, Connecticut shooting timeline|url=http://www.theoaklandpress.com/articles/2012/12/15/news/nation_and_world/doc50cd1eec00eb9242897410.txt|access-date=December 17, 2012|newspaper=[[The Oakland Press]]|date=December 15, 2012|archive-date=December 21, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221111722/http://theoaklandpress.com/articles/2012/12/15/news/nation_and_world/doc50cd1eec00eb9242897410.txt|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NbcNewsUSCfE">{{cite news | url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/19/16019514-call-for-everything-police-scanner-recording-reveals-early-moments-of-newtown-tragedy | title='Call for everything': Police scanner recording reveals early moments of Newtown tragedy | date=December 19, 2012 | access-date=December 19, 2012 | publisher=NBC News | first=Tracy | last=Connor | archive-date=December 19, 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219214054/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/19/16019514-call-for-everything-police-scanner-recording-reveals-early-moments-of-newtown-tragedy | url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CTPost March 28, 2013">{{cite news|url=http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Access-to-weapons-made-tragedy-possible-4392681.php|title=Access to weapons made tragedy possible|date=March 28, 2013|newspaper=Connecticut Post|access-date=April 3, 2013|archive-date=June 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624145607/http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Access-to-weapons-made-tragedy-possible-4392681.php|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| timezone = [[UTC−05:00]]
| type = [[School shooting]], [[murder–suicide]], [[Child murder|pedicide]], [[matricide]], [[Spree killer|spree shooting]], [[mass shooting]], [[mass murder]]
| fatalities = 28 (27 at the school, including the perpetrator; and the perpetrator's mother at home)<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news |last=Barron |first=James |title=Children Were All Shot Multiple Times With a Semiautomatic, Officials Say |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 15, 2012 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/nyregion/gunman-kills-20-children-at-school-in-connecticut-28-dead-in-all.html |access-date=December 17, 2012 |archive-date=December 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216184847/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/16/nyregion/gunman-kills-20-children-at-school-in-connecticut-28-dead-in-all.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cbc">{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/12/14/connecticut-school-shooting.html|publisher=[[CBC News]]|title=20 children among dead at school shooting in Connecticut|access-date=December 14, 2012|date=December 14, 2012|archive-date=December 14, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121214173829/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2012/12/14/connecticut-school-shooting.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| injuries = 2<ref name="Police: Second person injured in Connecticut school shooting survived">{{cite web|title=Police: Second person injured in Connecticut school shooting survived|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/17/15969867-police-second-person-injured-in-connecticut-school-shooting-survived?lite|website=[[NBC News]]|access-date=December 17, 2012|archive-date=April 16, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416220342/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/17/15969867-police-second-person-injured-in-connecticut-school-shooting-survived?lite|url-status=live}}</ref>
| perp = Adam Lanza<ref name="ID">{{cite news|first=Miguel|last=Llanos|title=Authorities ID gunman who killed 27 in elementary school massacre|url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15911025-authorities-id-gunman-who-killed-27-in-elementary-school-massacre?lite|publisher=[[NBC News]]|agency=Associated Press|access-date=December 14, 2012|date=December 14, 2012|archive-date=December 16, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216022608/http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/12/14/15911025-authorities-id-gunman-who-killed-27-in-elementary-school-massacre?lite|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="washingtonpost">{{cite news|last=Jennings|first=Natalie|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2012/12/14/mark-kelly-action-on-guns-can-no-longer-wait|title=Mark Kelly: Action on guns 'can no longer wait'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 14, 2012|access-date=December 17, 2012|archive-date=December 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215215956/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-politics/wp/2012/12/14/mark-kelly-action-on-guns-can-no-longer-wait/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| weapons = {{bulleted list|[[Bushmaster XM-15|Bushmaster XM15-E2S]] rifle|[[Glock#10mm Auto|Glock 20SF]] handgun| [[.22 Long Rifle|.22LR]] [[Savage Arms|Savage Mark II]] [[Bolt action|bolt-action]] rifle}}<ref name="CTSP-20130118">{{cite web|last=Vance|first=J. Paul|title=Update: State Police Identify Weapons Used in Sandy Hook Investigation|url=http://www.ct.gov/despp/cwp/view.asp?Q=517284&A=4226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517175905/http://www.ct.gov/despp/cwp/view.asp?A=4226&Q=517284|archive-date=May 17, 2016|publisher=State of Connecticut Department of Emergency Services & Public Protection Connecticut State Police|access-date=December 15, 2016|url-status=dead |quote=Seized inside the school: #1. Bushmaster .223 caliber model XM15-E2S rifle with high capacity 30 round magazine #2. Glock 10 mm handgun #3. Sig-Sauer P226 9mm handgun ... The shooter used the Bushmaster .223 to murder 20 children and six adults inside the school; he used a handgun to take his own life inside the school. No other weapons were used in this crime.}}</ref><ref name="conn-school">{{cite news |title=Conn. school shooter had 4 weapons |publisher=CBS News |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57559395/conn-school-shooter-had-4-weapons/ |access-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215184407/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-201_162-57559395/conn-school-shooter-had-4-weapons/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Newtown shooter's guns: What we know">{{cite news |last=Almasy |first=Steve |title=Newtown shooter's guns: What we know |url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/18/us/connecticut-lanza-guns/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=December 30, 2012 |date=December 19, 2012 |quote=The primary weapon used in the attack was a "Bushmaster AR-15 assault-type weapon," said Connecticut State Police Lt. Paul Vance. The rifle is a Bushmaster version of a widely made AR-15, the civilian version of the M-16 rifle used by the U.S. military. The original M-16 patent ran out years ago, and now the AR-15 is manufactured by several gunmakers. Unlike the military version, the AR-15 is a semiautomatic, firing one bullet per squeeze of the trigger. But like the M-16, ammunition is loaded through a magazine. In the school shooting, police say Lanza's rifle used numerous 30-round magazines. |archive-date=December 29, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229142140/http://www.cnn.com/2012/12/18/us/connecticut-lanza-guns/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="hc" /><ref name="cnn20130329" /><ref name="esposito">{{cite news |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/twenty-children-died-newtown-connecticut-school-shooting/story?id=17973836 |title=20 Children Died in Newtown, Conn., School Massacre |agency=Associated Press |first1=Richard |last1=Esposito |first2=Candice |last2=Smith |first3=Christina |last3=Ng |publisher=ABC News |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=December 14, 2012 |archive-date=December 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121215031441/http://abcnews.go.com/US/twenty-children-died-newtown-connecticut-school-shooting/story?id=17973836 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="49IYz">{{Cite web|last=Research|first=CNN Editorial|date=2013-06-07|title=Sandy Hook School Shootings Fast Facts|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/us/connecticut-shootings-fast-facts/index.html|access-date=2021-04-20|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref>
| motive = Inconclusive<ref name="LP2oO">{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Tom |last2=Riordan Seville |first2=Lisa |title=Newtown report: Shooter Adam Lanza had no clear motive, was obsessed with Columbine |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/newtown-report-shooter-adam-lanza-had-no-clear-motive-was-flna2D11651840 |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[NBC News]] |date=25 November 2013 |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024103534/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/newtown-report-shooter-adam-lanza-had-no-clear-motive-was-flna2D11651840 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DBLvX">{{cite news |last1=Richinick |first1=Michele |title='No conclusive motive' in Newtown shootings, report says |url=http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/no-conclusive-motive-sandy-hook-massacre |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=[[MSNBC]] |date=25 November 2013 |archive-date=May 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529191007/http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/no-conclusive-motive-sandy-hook-massacre |url-status=live}}</ref>
| litigation = Wrongful death lawsuit against Remington Arms settled for $73 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/02/15/sandy-hook-families-reach-settlement-remington-arms/6797030001|title=Sandy Hook families agree to $73 million settlement with gunmaker Remington|last=Fernando|first=Christine|date=2022-02-15|work=USA Today|access-date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
}}
Naganap ang '''pamamaril sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook''' noong 14 Disyembre 2012, 9:30 a.m ng umaga na kung saan pumasok si Adam Lanza, edad 20, sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook sa Sandy Hook, isang nayon ng ''Newtown'', [[Connecticut]] sa [[Estados Unidos]]. Ibinaril niyang patay ang 27 katao, kabilang ang 20 bata, sa isang "maramihang pamamaril". Ipinadala sa mga kalapit na ospital ang tatlo sa mga ibinaril na nasa kritikal na kalagayan, at namatay ang dalawa sa kanila dahil sa mga sugat na kanilang naitamo. Nagpakamatay naman si Lanza sa panahon ng pamamaril.
==Pangyayari==
[[Talaksan:Map of Sandy Hook shooting.png|thumb|Ang Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook at tahanan ni Lanza.]]
Itong pamamaril ang pinakamapagkamatay sa mga pamamaril sa paaralang naganap sa Estados Unidos makatapos ng "Pamamaril sa Virginia Tech" noong 2007, at ikatlo sa pinakamapagkamatay sa lahat ng mga masaker na naganap sa paaralan sa naturang bansa.
Bago naganap ang pamamaril sa Sandy Hook, ibinaril at ipinatay ni Lanza ang kaniyang ina na si Nancy Lanza, isang gurong pang-kindergarten sa paaralan, sa bahay na kinatitirahan nila sa Newtown. Pagkatapos nito, nag-maneho siya patungong paaralan. Iniulat din na nawawala ang ka-relasyon at isang kaibigan ni Lanza sa estado ng [[New Jersey|Bagong Jersey]].
===Buod===
; Patuloy na pamamaril
Bago maganap ang pamamaril sa Elementarya ng Sandy Hook, unang napaslang ni Adam ang mismong sariling ina na si Nancy Lanza, ng mag laon gamit ang kanyang sasakyang kotse ay tumungo ito sa Paaralang Elementarya ng Sandy Hook suot suot ang itim na damit, bonet, yellow earplugs, sunglasses at gamit ang .22-caliber Savage Mark II rifle at body wearing armor, Sina Principal Dawn Hochsprung at school psychologist Mary Sherlach habang nagpupulong sa kanilang guidance office ay may narinig na unang putok, nabasag ang mga wall glass paraan para makabaril ng mga tao, unang narinig ni Natalie Hammond papunta sa hall upang malaman kung saang galing ang tunog ng pamamaril, na mapagalaman na si Lanza ay pumasok sa unang lagusan, unang pinuntirya nito ang silid aralan ni Lauren Rousseau ay mahigit na 15 mga batang mag-aaral na nasa-edad na 6 at 7 maliban sa isang batang babae na nakaitim ang damit na nagpangap na patay na nakahilera ang kanyang mga kaklase na duguan, sa mismong harapan ni Lanza bago ito magpakamatay gamit ang baril na binaril niya ang kanyang noo.
; Bago ang pangyayari
Ang isang batang 9 taong gulang na lalaki ay narinig niya ang mga pulis na "Put your hands up" at "Don't shoot" habang nag tatago ito, habang ang maraming tao ay nagsisigawan dahil sa pinsala ng pamamaril, nagtungo sila ng kanyang mga kaklase at kanyang guro sa isang closet sa gymnasium upang doon muna magtago, Si Diane Dy ay isang therapist na kung saan ito ay nasa faculty habang nagpupulong kasama si Dawn Hochsprung, ay narinig pa ang ilang hiyaw sa magkakasunod na putok ng [[baril]], Ang panglawang guro na nasa ilalim ng kindergarten ay sinira nito ang mga durungawan (bintana) upang hindi makapasok ang suspek na si Adam at bigo nga itong mapasok ang silid aralan.
===Pamamaril sa mga silid aralan===
[[Talaksan:Sandy Hook Elementary floorplan.svg|thumb|upright|Floorplan of Sandy Hook Elementary; Classrooms 8 (Rousseau/D'Avino), 10 (Soto/Murphy) and 12 (Roig) are labeled along with the main office (o) and Conference Room 9 (Hochsprung/Sherlach/Hammond)]].
Si Lanza, Adam ay unang lumusob sa paaralan No. 8 na kung saan si Lauren Rousseau isang substitute na guro sa loob ng ilang buwan (2012) ay unang napuntirya na kinitil ang mga mag-aaral na sina; Ana Márquez-Greene, Benjamin Wheeler, Caroline Previdi, Catherine Hubbard, Charlotte Bacon, Chase Kowalski, Daniel Barden, Emilie Parker, Grace McDonnell, [[Jack Pinto]], James Mattioli, Jessica Rekos, Josephine Gay, Madeline Hsu at Noah Pozner ang natagpuan ng mga Pulis Newtown na utas at naliligong duguan, maliban sa isa pa nilang kaklase na napanggap na patay, Siya ay nakaupo malapit sa palikuran ng kanilang silid, Ang kanyang pamilya ay isang pastor sa isang Gosphel church, Na iyon ang dahilan na hindi pa niya oras na nagpanggap na utas, Sabi ay "Mommy, I'm okay, but all my friends are dead.", Ipinaliwanag ng batang sole survivor na si Adam Lanza ay galit na galit habang pinagbabaril ang kanyang mga kaklase sa harapan niya, Habang ang isa pang batang babae ay nagtatago kabilang ang ilang guro ay sa palikuran ay may narinig sila sa kabilang silid na kung saan ang klase ni "Victoria Leigh Soto", ang isang batang lalaki sa palikuran ay nagsisigaw na "Help me! I don't want to be here!", ng marinig ni Lanza ang hiyaw ng bata ito ang paraan ng pag patay.
Habang napaslang ni Lanza ang mga bata sa silid 8, nagtungo ito sa silid 10 kung nasaan si ''Victoria Leigh Soto'' na itinago ang 7 na kanyang mag-aaral sa ilalim ng mesa at ang iba ay sa aparador at banyo, Si Soto ay naglakad-lakad upang silayan ang silid dahil sa pag-atake ng suspek "Adam", Habang patungo si Lanza kanilang silid ay nakita nito si Jesse Lewis (6) na nakaupo at sinabi nito sa kanyang mga kaklase ay magtago at tumakbo ngunit ito ay binaril sa noo, nakita ni Lanza si Olivia Engel na tumakas at binaril sa ulo, iilan pa ang mga magaaral na nasawi na sina Avielle Richman, Allyson Wyatt at Dylan Hockley.
Ayon sa ulat ng ''Hartford Courant'' ay sinabi ng anim na estudyante paraan ng kanilang pagtakas kay Lanza, ito ay huminto sa kanyang pamamaril habang nilalagyan niya ng bala ang kanyang "22 rifle", Ang maagang ulat na si Lanza ay pumasok sa silid 8 at hinahanap ang ibang batang mag-aaral kay Sotto, sinabi ng guro na wala ang mga bata sila ay nasa isang awditoryum, habang kasami ni Sotto ang tatlong bata hawak ng kanyang mga kamay saka umano binaril ni Lanza sina Sotto, Richman at Wyatt, Si Anne Marie Murphy, isang special education teacher na nagtatrabaho sa isang special-needs students in Soto's classroom ay kasama niya si Dylan Hockley ay kasama rin sa mga namatay, Si Victoria Sotto sa kanyang silid ay malapit sa north wall sa key, Ang unang bata nakita sa ospital ng Danbury ngunit ito ay ideneklarang "dead on arrival", 6 na mag-aaral ang nakaligtas at 1 school bus driver ng "Sandy Hook" upang iuwi ang mga bata sa kani-kanilang tahanan.
Ayon sa opisyal na ulat ang 9 mag-aaral kabilang si Ashley ang nagpalabas ng kanyang pahayag taong 2018, Batay sa mga pulis nagtago ang iilan sa banyo paraan ng kanilang pag-ligtas ngunit 5 na mga bata ni Soto ang nasawi.
==Mga biktima==
<!--[[Talaksan:VictoriaLeighSoto.jpg|thumb|Victoria Leigh Soto.]]-->
{{div col|colwidth=17em}}
Mga napatay:
'''Ina ng salarin'''
Nancy Lanza, 52 (shot at home)
'''Personnel ng eskuwelahan'''
* Rachel D'Avino, 29, behavior therapist
* Dawn Hochsprung, 47, principal
* Anne Marie Murphy, 52, special education teacher
* Lauren Rousseau, 30, teacher
* Mary Sherlach, 56, school psychologist
* Victoria Leigh Soto, 27, teacher
'''Mga estudyante'''
* Charlotte Bacon, 6
* Daniel Barden, 7
* Olivia Engel, 6
* Josephine Gay, 7
* Dylan Hockley, 6
* Madeleine Hsu, 6
* Catherine Hubbard, 6
* Chase Kowalski, 7
* Jesse Lewis, 6
* Ana Márquez-Greene, 6
* James Mattioli, 6
* Grace McDonnell, 7
* Emilie Parker, 6
* [[Jack Pinto]], 6
* Noah Pozner, 6
* Caroline Previdi, 6
* Jessica Rekos, 6
* Avielle Richman, 6
* Benjamin Wheeler, 6
* Allison Wyatt, 6
'''''Salarin'''''
* Adam Lanza, 20 (suicide)
Mga nabuhay:
'''Sugatan'''
* Natalie Hammond, 40, lead teacher
* Deborah Pisani
'''Mga nakaligtas'''
* Ashley Hubner, 6
* Andrew
* Jackie
* Daniel Sibley
* Nicole
* Maggie LaBlanca
* Lauren Milgram
{{div col end}}
==Galeriya==
===Mga estudyante===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Noah Pozner - 2010.jpg|Noah Pozner
Talaksan:Jack Pinto, 6.jpg|Jack Pinto Jr.
Talaksan:Benjamin Wheeler.jpg|Benjamin Wheeler
Talaksan:Dylan Hockley, 6.jpg|Dylan Hockley
Talaksan:Jesse Lewis.jpg|Jesse Lewis
</gallery>
===Memoriam===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial 12-26.jpg|Sandy Hook Elem School Memoriam
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial.PNG|Sandy Hook Elem School Memorial
</gallery>
===Seremonya===
<gallery>
Talaksan:Sandy Hook Memorial Flag Flying 130114-N-TR763-029.jpg|Pagtaas ng watawat ng U.S.
Talaksan:A Sailor lowers the flag to half-mast. (8283346037).jpg|Pagbaba ng watawat ng U.S.
</gallery>
==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pamamaril]]
{{usbong|Estados Unidos|Kasaysayan}}
21fy4m3mjsjg7m8jtrzuug6n9hk63n9
Pagbisita ni Papa Francisco sa Pilipinas
0
241963
1963922
1917134
2022-08-19T14:20:03Z
49.144.31.16
+img
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Talaksan:Pope Francis Tacloban 1.jpg|300px|thumbnail|Si [[Papa Francisco]] sa [[Tacloban]]]]
Ang '''Pagbisita ni [[Papa Francisco]] sa [[Pilipinas]]''' mula Enero 15 hanggang 19, 2015, ay ang unang pagbistang pang-estado at pastoral ni [[Papa Francisco]] sa bansa. Si Francisco ang ikatlong santo papa na bumisita sa Pilipinas pagkatapos ng pagbisita nila Papa [[Pablo VI]] at [[Juan Pablo II]]. Ang pagbisita ay minarkahan ang unang bisita ng isang santo papa sa Pilipinas sa ika-21 siglo at ang huling pagbisita ng isang santo papa sa Pilipinas ay ang pagbisita ni Papa Juan Pablo II noong 1995.<ref name="abscbn1">{{cite news | url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/focus/01/07/15/what-you-should-know-about-pope-francis-ph-visit | title=What you should know about Pope Francis' PH visit | publisher= [[ABS CBN News]] | date=7 Enero 2015 | accessdate=8 Enero 2015 | first1=Dharel | last1=Placido}}</ref> Binisita ng papa ang [[Maynila]] kasama na ang lungsod ng [[Tacloban]] at ang bayan ng [[Palo, Leyte|Palo]] sa [[Leyte]], upang bisitahin ang mga naging bikitma ng [[Bagyong Yolanda]].<ref name="turkishweekly">{{cite news|url=http://www.inbais.com/news/hindi-rss-news-feed/|title=Security bolstered for Pope's Philippines visit|work=[[Turkish Weekly]]|date=6 January 2015|accessdate=8 January 2015|first1=Roy|last2=Glang|first2=Hader|last1=Ramos|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518001702/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/178215/security-bolstered-for-pope-39-s-philippines-visit.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Si Papa Francisco ang ikalawang santo papa na lumabas ng maynila sa isang pagbisitang papal sa Pilipinas, pagkatapos ni Papa Juan Pablo II na nagbisita sa [[Cebu]], [[Davao City|Davao]], [[Bacolod]], [[Iloilo]], [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]], [[Bataan]], at [[Baguio]], kasama ang Maynila noong Pebrero 17 hanggang 22, 1981.<ref name="rappler1">{{cite news | url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/62632-pope-francis-visayas-disaster-philippine-trip | title=Pope chooses Visayas as core of Philippine trip | work=[[Rappler]] | date=7 July 2014 | accessdate= 14 January 2015 | first1=Paterno II | last1=Esmaquel}}</ref> Ang pagbisita ni papa Francisco sa Pilipinas ay naging pinakamalaking kaganapang papal sa kasaysayan na may 6-7 milyong katao na pumunta sa huling misa sa [[Luneta]] at hinigitan nito ang [[World Youth Day 1995]] sa parehas na lugar 20 taong nakaraan.<ref>http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/01/18/15/luneta-mass-largest-papal-event-history</ref><ref>http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/01/15/1413239/pope-francis-arrives-philippines</ref><ref>http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30809472</ref>
Ang tema ng Pagbisita ni Papa Francisco ay "Habag at Malasakit" ({{lang-en|Mercy and Compassion|}}).
==Mga lugar==
'''Kalakhang Maynila'''
*[[Villamor Air Base]], [[Pasay]]
*[[Katedral ng Maynila]], [[Maynila]]
*[[Mall of Asia Arena]], Pasay
*[[Parang ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas]], Maynila
*[[Grandstand ng Quirino]], Maynila
*[[Nunsiaturang Apostoliko]], Maynila
'''Leyte'''
*[[Paliparan ng Daniel Z. Romualdez]], [[Tacloban]]
*[[Katolikong Arkidiyosesis ng Palo|Bahay ng Arsobispo]], [[Palo, Leyte|Palo]]
*Pope Francis Center for the Poor, Palo
*[[Katedral ng Palo|Kalakhang Katedral Pagbabagong-anyo ng Ating Panginoon]], Palo
<gallery heights="150px" mode="packed" caption="Mga lugar sa loob ng Kalakhang Maynila">
VillamorAirBasej-Bulacanf0894_11.JPG|Villamor Air Base
Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception.jpg|Katedral ng Maynila
Mall of Asia Arena 2019.jpg|Mall of Asia Arena
UST Grandstand.jpg|Ang Grandstand ng UST sa Parang ng Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas
Quirino Grandstand.jpg|Grandstand ng Quirino
</gallery>
<gallery heights="150px" mode="packed" caption="Mga lugar sa Leyte">
Papal Mass stage in Tacloban.JPG|Paliparan ng Daniel Z. Romualdez
Palo_Cathedral_01.JPG|Katedral Metropolitan ng Transpigurasyon ng ating Panginoon, o ang Katedral ng Palo
</gallery>
==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:2015 sa Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Kalakhang Maynila]]
3h8mzm5j9zb806oholrqsphg5bdtpal
Mall of Asia Arena
0
243133
1963921
1945450
2022-08-19T14:18:54Z
49.144.31.16
+img
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox venue
| stadium_name = Mall of Asia Arena
| nickname =
| logo_image =
| image = Mall of Asia Arena 2019.jpg
| caption =
| location = [[Bay City, Metro Manila|Bay City]], [[Pasay]], [[Metro Manila]], [[Philippines]]
| scoreboard = [[Daktronics]] Galaxy 4-side JumboTron with Daktronics All-Sport 5000 Series
| broke_ground = 2010<ref name ="MOA-arena_stats">[http://business.inquirer.net/53605/the-arena-elevates-viewing-to-a-new-level The Arena elevates viewing to a new level], Sharon Robas-Macawile, [[Philippine Daily Inquirer]], April 14, 2012</ref>
| opened = June 16, 2012<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120829054344/http://manilatimes.net/index.php/sunday-times/the-sunday-times-magazines/25433-opm-icons-shine-at-moa-arena OPM Icons shine at MOA Arena], Ed Uy, [[The Manila Times]], June 24, 2012</ref>
| owner = [[SM Prime Holdings]]
| operator = SM Tickets
| construction_cost = [[United States dollar|USD]] 77 million <br> {{Philippine peso|3.6 billion}}<ref name ="MOA-arena_stats"/>
| architect = [[Arquitectonica]]<ref>[http://www.malaya.com.ph/index.php/special-features/property/5688-all-eyes-on-the-arena All eyes on the Arena] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610055632/http://www.malaya.com.ph/index.php/special-features/property/5688-all-eyes-on-the-arena |date=2012-06-10 }}, Malaya, June 7, 2012</ref>
| project_manager = Jose Siao Ling & Associates<ref>[http://siaoling.com/projects/mall-of-asia-arena-pasay-city/]</ref>
| suites = 41<ref>[http://mallofasia-arena.com/index.php/premiersuites Mall of Asia Arena Premier Suites] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201191803/http://mallofasia-arena.com/index.php/premiersuites |date=2014-02-01 }}</ref>
| tenants = [[Philippine Basketball Association|PBA]] (2012–kasalukuyan) <br>[[University Athletic Association of the Philippines|UAAP]] (2012–kasalukuyan)<br>[[National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines)|NCAA]] (2012–kasalukuyan)<br>[[Premier Volleyball League|PVL]] (2018-kasalukuyan)<br> [[National Basketball Training Center|SM NBTC]] (2015-kasalukuyan) <br> [[Philippine Mavericks]] (2014-15)
| seating_capacity = Seated: 15,000<ref name="rappler.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.rappler.com/specials/pope-francis-ph/stories/80678-fast-facts-mall-of-asia-arena|title=FAST FACTS: Mall of Asia Arena|author=|date=|work=rappler.com|access-date=2018-07-26|archive-date=2018-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923125428/https://www.rappler.com/specials/pope-francis-ph/stories/80678-fast-facts-mall-of-asia-arena|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>Full house: 20,000<ref name="rappler.com"/>
| website = http://mallofasia-arena.com/
}}
Ang '''Mall of Asia Arena''' (kolokyal '''MoA Arena''') ay isang panloob na arena na nasa loob ng langkapan ng [[SM Mall of Asia]]. Naglalaman ito ng halos 16,000 na upuan<ref name=sminvestments18052012>{{cite web|url=http://sminvestments.com/smic/?p=357&type=2&sec=34&aid=12191|title=SM MALL OF ASIA ARENA OPENS FOR LADY GAGA CONCERT - SM Investments Corporation|date=18 May 2012|access-date=20 Oktubre 2015|archive-date=2 Pebrero 2013|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130202110357/http://sminvestments.com/smic/?p=357&type=2&sec=34&aid=12191|url-status=dead}}</ref> for sporting events, and a full house capacity of 20,000.<ref name=sminvestments18052012/> para sa mga kaganapang pampalakasan, at may punong kapasidad ng 20,000 na upuan.
Ang Mall of Asia ang alternatibong lugar para sa [[Philippine Basketball Association|Kapisanang Basketbol ng Pilipinas]] noong panahong hindi magamit ang [[Smart Araneta Coliseum]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/big-dome-still-main-pba-venue-but-moa-arena-an-alternative-option |access-date=2015-10-20 |archive-date=2014-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306225704/http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/big-dome-still-main-pba-venue-but-moa-arena-an-alternative-option |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://hatawtabloid.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=42950:-paglalaro-ng-pba-sa-moa-arena-inaayos-na&catid=35:catsports&Itemid=69</ref> Ang arena din ang bagong tahanan ng [[Pampamantasang Asosyasyong Atletiko ng Pilipinas|Kapisanang Atletikong Pampamantasan ng Pilipinas]] (UAAP).<ref>[http://www.coolbuster.net/2011/06/sm-arena-home-of-ncaa-88-uaap-season-75.html] SM Arena: Home of NCAA 88, UAAP Season 75 Retrieved 06 July 2011</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/new-sm-arena-to-host-majority-of-uaap-basketball-games|title=New SM arena to host majority of UAAP basketball games|publisher=InterAKTV|date=13 May 2012|access-date=20 October 2015|archive-date=15 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120615012847/http://www.interaksyon.com/interaktv/new-sm-arena-to-host-majority-of-uaap-basketball-games|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Tingnan din==
*[[SM Mall of Asia]]
==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}
==Kawing panlabas==
{{Commons category}}
*{{Official website|http://www.mallofasia-arena.com}}
{{Coord|14|31|55|N|120|59|1|E|type:landmark|display=title}}
{{Usbong}}
[[Kategorya:Mga gusali at estruktura sa Pasay]]
[[Kategorya:Sining]]
[[Kategorya:Pilipinas]]
7wg70mzha29i4hyo95ygvu83wmm0fa8
Kanojo, Okarishimasu
0
302749
1963933
1946624
2022-08-20T01:32:29Z
RenzJaredRolle
78556
/* Mga episode */ Binago ang maling pagsasalin
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header|name=Kanojo, Okarishimasu|image=Talaksan:Kanojo, Okarishimasu logo.png|caption=Logo ng serye|ja_kanji=彼女、お借りします|ja_romaji=Rent-A-Girlfriend|filipino=Parenta ng Kasintahan|genre=[[Romantic comedy|Romcom]]}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print|type=manga|author=Reiji Miyajima|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|publisher_en={{English manga publisher|NA=[[Kodansha USA#Kodansha Comics|Kodansha Comics]]}}|demographic=''[[Shōnen manga|Shounen]]''|magazine=[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]|first={{Start date|2020|07|12}}|last=|volumes=18|volume_list=}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print|type=manga|title='''Kanojo, Hitomishirimasu'''<br/>
{{small|''Mahiyain ang Kasintahan Ko''{{efn|name=salin1}} }}|author=Reiji Miyajima|publisher=Kodansha|publisher_en=|demographic=''Shounen''|magazine=Magazine Pocket|first=Hunyo 21, 2020|last=|volumes=1|volume_list=}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video|type=teleseryeng anime|director=Kazuomi Koga|writer=Mitsutaka Hirota|music=[[Hyadain]]|studio=[[TMS Entertainment]]|licensee=[[Crunchyroll]] {{English anime licensee|SEA=Muse Communication}}|network=[[Japan News Network|JNN]] ([[MBS TV|MBS]], [[TBS Television|TBS]])|first=Hulyo 11, 2020|last=Setyembre 26, 2020|episodes=12|talaan-ep=Kanojo, Okarishimasu#Mga episode}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
Ang '''''Kanojo, Okarishimasu''',''{{Efn|彼女、お借りします, [[Filipino]]: ''Parenta ng Kasintahan'', kilala rin sa pinaiksing tawag nitong '''''KanoKari'''''.}} kilala rin sa Ingles nitong pamagat na '''''Rent-A-Girlfriend''''', ay isang serye ng [[manga]] mula sa bansang [[Hapon|Hapón]] na isinulat at iginuhit ni Reiji Miyajima. Baha-bahagi itong nilalabas sa magasing ''Weekly Shōnen'' ng [[Kodansha]] noong pang Hulyo 2017. Nakapaglimbag na ito ng 17 mga tomo pagdating ng Setyembre 2020. Lisensyado para ilabas sa [[Hilagang Amerika]] ang [[Kodansha Comics]], kung saan nilabas nila ang unang tomo nito sa wikang [[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] noong Hunyo 2020.
Nagkaroon ito ng isang teleseryeng [[anime]], na ginawa ng istudyong [[TMS Entertainment]]. Umere ito mula Hulyo hanggang Setyembre 2020 sa ''Super Animeism'' ng [[MBS-Network|MBS]]. Inanunsyo ang ikalawang season nito noong ika-25 ng Setyembre 2020.
== Kuwento ==
Nakipaghiwalay ang kasintahan ni Kazuya Kinoshita na si Mami Nanami sa kanya matapos makipag-''date'' nang isang buwan. Malubhang nasaktan, nagdesisyon si Kazuya na rentahan si Chizuru Mizuhara, isang rinerentahang kasintahan (レンタル彼女, ''rentaru kanojo''), mula sa isang ''online'' na ''dating app''. Napakaganda at napakaperpekto ni Chizuru, na nangunguna sa listahan ng mga baguhang rerentahan sa ''app''. Iritado, binigyan ni Kazuya siya ng isang mababang iskor sa ''app''. Noong minaliit ni Chizuru siya dahil rito, nalaman niyang di pala ito perpekto tulad ng inaasahan niya. Gayunpaman, nang malaman ni Kazuya na naospital ang lola niya, sinama niya si Chizuru sa ospital. Pinuri ng lola niya siya dahil nakakuha siya ng isang maganda at mabuting kasintahan. Walang kaalam-alam ang lola niya sa tunay na sitwasyon, at dahil rito, patuloy niyang rinentahan si Chizuru sa tuwing bibisita siya sa ospital. Gayunpaman, lalo pang naging komplikado ang lahat nang nalaman nilang dalawa na pareho sila ng pinapasukang pamantasan at magkapitbahay pa. Hindi pa nakatulong na nalaman din ng mga kaibigan ni Kazuya na may "kasintahan" ito, at wala ring kaalam-alam sa tunay na sitwasyon. Sa kalagitnaan ng serye, sumali ang iba pang mga babae mula sa kaparehong ''app'' para lalo pang gawing komplikado ang komplikado na'ng sitwasyon ng dalawa.
== Mga karakter ==
{{nihongo|'''Kazuya Kinoshita'''|木ノ下 和也|Kinoshita Kazuya}}
:{{voiced by|[[Jun Fukushima]] (2017 patalastas),<ref name="reiji-tweet">{{cite tweet|number=924807586909642752|user=Miyajimareiji|title=Kinou yoru yori Yūchūbu nite "Kanojo, Okarishimasu" TVCM koukai saretemasu! CV wa nanto Kazuya: Fukushima Jun-san Chizuru: Amamiya Sora-san desu! Jibun ga "KonoSuba" fanda to tsutaetara kon'na yume mitaina koto ni…!! Zehi goran ni natte kudasai|script-title=ja:昨日夜よりYouTubeにて「彼女、お借りします」TVCM公開されてます!CVはなんと 和也:福島潤さん 千鶴:雨宮天さん です! 自分が「このすば」ファンだと伝えたらこんな夢みたいなことに…!!是非ご覧になってください|trans-title=Nilabas na sa [[YouTube]] ang patalastas sa TV ng "Kanojo, Okarishimasu" kagabi! Ang mga nagboses - Kazuya: Jun Fukushima at Chizuru: Sora Amamiya! Kung fan ka ng ''[[KonoSuba]]'', mala-panaginip 'to...!! Panoorin po sana natin 'to|last=Miyajima|first=Reiji|date=Oktubre 29, 2017|accessdate=Nobyembre 5, 2020|language=ja}}</ref> [[Haruki Ishiya]] (2018 patalastas),<ref name="pv2">{{cite tweet|number=1010136924059680769|user=okarishimasu|title=["Utaite wa dare deshou?" PV seikai happyou] ↓ zenkai no hitori futayaku & chou hayakuchina, geki muzu PV ↓|script-title=ja:【「歌い手は誰でしょう?」PV正解発表】 ↓前回の一人二役&超早口な、激ムズPV↓|trans-title="Sino ang kumanta? Anunsyo ng tamang sagot sa PV"↓ Nakaraang dalawahang pagganap & mabilisang pananalita, mabilisang PV↓|author=彼女、お借りします【公式】(Kanojo, Okarishimasu [Opisyal])|date=Hunyo 22, 2018|accessdate=Nobyembre 5, 2020|language=ja}}</ref> [[Shun Horie]] (2020 anime)<ref name="anime-adaptation"/>|Aleks Le<ref name="dub cast">{{cite web|first=Joseph|last=Luster|title=Crunchyroll Lines Up Dub Plans for The God of High School, Re:ZERO Season 2, and More|trans-title=Crunchyroll, nilinya ang mga planong pag-dub sa The God of High School, ikalawang season ng Re:ZERO, at iba pa|language=en|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/08/11/crunchyroll-lines-up-dub-plans-for-the-god-of-high-school-rezero-season-2-and-more|website=Crunchyroll|date=Agosto 12, 2020|accessdate=Nobyembre 5, 2020}}</ref>}}
:Isang lalaking edad 20 taong gulang na nag-aaral sa isang kolehiyo at naninirahan sa [[Tokyo]]. Matapos masaktan mula sa hiwalayan nila ng kasintahan niyang si Mami Nanami, nagrenta siya ng kasintahan. Matapos ang ilang mga pangyayari, napilitan siyang tuloy-tuloy na rentahan si Chizuru Mizuhara para may maipakita sa pamilya niya (lalo na sa lola niya sa ospital) at sa mga katropa niya. Nahulog ang loob niya kalaunan kay Chizuru. Parati siyang di makapagdesisyon para sa sarili niya, at madalas nakikitang sumusuko na lang agad. Sa kabilang banda naman, mabait naman siya, parating inaalala ang mga taong nasa paligid niya.
{{nihongo|'''Chizuru Mizuhara'''|水原 千鶴|Mizuhara Chizuru}}
:{{voiced by|[[Sora Amamiya]] (2017 commercial, 2020 anime),<ref name="reiji-tweet"/><ref name="anime-adaptation"/> [[Aoi Yūki]] (2018 commercial)<ref name="pv2"/>|Lizzie Freeman<ref name="dub cast"/>}}
:Isang kolehiyanang nagtatrabaho bilang isang nirerentahang kasintahan para kumpanyang Diamond. Ipinagmamalaki niya ang mga napakataas na ''rating'' sa kanya sa app, ngunit nainis agad siya kay Kazuya dahil sa binigay nitong mababang rating. Ginagamit niya ang pangalang "Chizuru Ichinose" habang nag-aaral, at may personalidad at pananamit na ibang-iba sa sinusuot niya't ugali kapag nagtatrabaho siya. Ibinunyag kalaunan ng serye na magkapitbahay lang sila ni Kazuya sa tinitirhan nilang apartment. Pumayag si Chizuru na rentahan siya ni Kazuya nang paulit-ulit para sa lola nito at nang makapag-''move on'' na ito mula kay Mami. Kalaunan sa serye, ibinunyag naman ang dahilan niya kung bakit ganito ang trabaho niya - gusto niyang maging isang aktres.
{{nihongo|'''Mami Nanami'''|七海 麻美|Nanami Mami}}
:{{voiced by|Aoi Yūki (2018 commercial, 2020 anime)<ref name="pv2"/><ref name="anime-adaptation"/>|Laura Stahl<ref name="dub cast"/>}}
:Ang dating kasintahan ni Kazuya. May maiksi siyang buhok na mala-ginto ang kulay. Mukha siyang palakaibigan ngunit may personalidad na mainggitin at mapang-angkin na nagpapatakot kahit ng mga kaibigan niya. Nagulat na siya nang malaman niyang may kasintahan na agad si Kazuya matapos ng hiwalayan nila, at nanghihinala sa tunay na kalagayan ng dalawa.
{{nihongo|'''Ruka Sarashina'''|更科 るか|Sarashina Ruka}}
:{{voiced by|[[Nao Tōyama]]<ref name="anime-adaptation"/>|[[Sarah Anne Williams]]<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1312199896011689985|user=SarahAnneWillia|title=New character I voice: Ruka Sarashina in the english dub of Rent-a-Girlfriend, currently streaming on @Crunchyroll! Episode 6 of the dub just went up today!|trans-title=Bagong karakter na binosesan ko: si Ruka Sarashina mula sa Ingles na dub ng Rent-a-Girlfriend, kasalukuyang ini-stream sa @Crunchyroll! Kakalabas lang ng ika-6 na episode ngayong araw!|language=en|last=Williams|first=Sarah Anne|date=Oktubre 2, 2020|accessdate=Nobyembre 5, 2020}}</ref>}}
:Isang babaeng unang ipinakilala ng serye bilang kasintahan ng isa sa mga kaibigan ni Kazuya, ngunit agad ding nabukong nirerentahang kasintahan din pala siyang nagtatrabaho sa isang kumpanya. May suot-suot siyang headband na laso. Gusto niyang i-date si Kazuya nang totohanan matapos niyang makita itong masigasig na nakikitungo sa kanya at kay Chizuru. Mababa ang pulso ng puso niya, na palagian niyang minomonitor. Si Kazuya ang kauna-unahang lalaking nagpataas sa pulso niya.
{{nihongo|'''Sumi Sakurasawa'''|桜沢 墨|Sakurasawa Sumi}}
:{{voiced by|[[Rie Takahashi]]<ref name="anime-adaptation"/>}}
:Isang babaeng nagtatrabaho rin bilang nirerentahang kasintahan ng kaparehong kumpanya ni Chizuru. Nasa unang taon siya ng kolehiyo, at baguhan sa industriya. Mahiyain siya, at sinubukan niyang i-date si Kazuya, sa pamimilit ni Chizuru, upang humusay siya sa larangan. Kalaunan, nahulog ang loob niya kay Kazuya. Sa ''spinoff'' na mangang ''Kanojo, Hitomishirimasu'',{{efn|name=salin1|彼女、人見知ります, [[Filipino]]: ''Mahiyain Siya'' o ''Mahiyain ang Kasintahan Ko''.}} ibinunyag na gusto niyang maging isang idol kaya nagtrabaho siyang bilang isang nirerentahang kasintahan.
== Midya ==
=== Manga ===
Parehong isinulat at iginuhit ni Reiji Miyajima ang ''Kanojo, Okarishimasu''. Nagsimula itong baha-bahaging ilabas sa magasing ''[[Weekly Shōnen]]'' ng [[Kodansha]] noong ika-12 ng Hulyo 2017,<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:「AKB49」宮島礼吏が描く、“レンタル”から始まるラブコメディ始動|url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/240542|website=Natalie|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=ja|date=Hulyo 12, 2017|title="AKB49" Miyajima Reiji ga kaku,“rentaru” kara hajimaru rabukomedi shidō|trans-title=Iginuhit ni Reiji Miyajima ng [mangang] "AKB49" ang isang romcom na nagsisimula sa "rental"}}</ref> at nakagawa na ito ng 18 ''[[Tankōbon|tankobon]]'' pagdating ng Nobyembre 2020.<ref name="kodansha">{{cite web|url=https://kc.kodansha.co.jp/title?code=1000029912|title="Kanojo, Okarishimasu" kikan ichiran Kōdansha Komikku Purasu|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|language=ja|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|script-title=ja:「彼女、お借りします」既刊一覧 講談社コミックプラス|trans-title="Kanojo, Okarishimasu" Talaan ng mga nailathalang Kodansha Comic Plus}}</ref> Lisensiyado ang [[Kodansha Comics]] para ilabas ang Ingles na salin nito sa [[Hilagang Amerika]], kung saan inilabas nila ang una sa mga ito noong ika-2 ng Hunyo 2020.<ref name="ann license">{{cite web|first=Rafael Antonio|last=Pineda|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-07-06/kodansha-licenses-6-new-manga-acquires-saiyuki-chobits-clover/.148703|title=Kodansha Licenses 6 New Manga, Acquires Saiyuki, Chobits, Clover|date=Hulyo 7, 2019|website=Anime News Network|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|trans-title=Nakuha ng Kodansha ang lisensiya para sa 6 na bagong manga, nakuha ang Saiyuki, Chobits, [at] Clover|language=en}}</ref> Naglabas din ang Kodansha Comics ng isang antolohiya ng serye noong ika-17 ng Agosto 2020.<ref>{{cite web|first=Alex|last=Mateo|title=Rent-A-Girlfriend Gets Manga Anthology on August 17|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-07-10/rent-a-girlfriend-gets-manga-anthology-on-august-17/.161655|website=Anime News Network|date=Hulyo 10, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Magkakaroon ng antolohiyang manga ang Rent-A-Girlfriend sa [darating na] Agosto 17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kc.kodansha.co.jp/product?item=0000343493|title=Kanojo, Okarishimasu Kōshiki Ansorojī Komikku|publisher=Kodansha|language=ja|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|script-title=ja:彼女、お借りします 公式アンソロジーコミック|trans-title=Kanojo, Okarishimasu Ang Opisyal na Antolohiyang Komiks}}</ref>
Samantala, sinimulan naman ang baha-bahaging paglabas ng ''spinoff'' na serye nitong ''Kanojo, Hitoshimirimasu{{efn|name=salin1|彼女、人見知ります, [[Filipino]]: ''Mahiyain Siya'' o ''Mahiyain ang Kasintahan Ko''.}}'' noong ika-21 ng Hunyo 2020 sa app ng Kodansha na ''Magazine Pocket''. Isinulat at iginuhit rin ito ni Miyajima. Umiikot ang kuwento nito kay Sumi Sakurasawa.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hodgkins|first1=Crystalyn|title=Rent-A-Girlfriend Manga Gets Spinoff About Sumi|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-06-15/rent-a-girlfriend-manga-gets-spinoff-about-sumi/.160642|website=Anime News Network|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|date=Hunyo 15, 2020|trans-title=Nakakuha ng isang spinoff patungkol kay Sumi ang Rent-A-Girlfriend|language=en}}</ref> Ginawan na ito ng isang ''tankobon'' pagdating ng Setyembre 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kc.kodansha.co.jp/search?_sw=彼女、人見知ります|title="Kanojo, Hitomishirimasu" kikan ichiran Kōdansha Komikku Purasu|publisher=[[Kodansha]]|language=ja|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|script-title=ja:「彼女、人見知ります」既刊一覧 講談社コミックプラス|trans-title="Kanojo, Hitomishirimasu" Talaan ng mga nailathalang Kodansha Comic Plus}}</ref>
=== Anime ===
Inanunsyo noong ika-15 ng Disyembre 2019 ang pagsasa-anime nito.<ref name="anime-adaptation">{{cite web|first=Egan|last=Loo|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2019-12-15/rent-a-girlfriend-manga-gets-tv-anime-in-july/.154396|title=Rent-A-Girlfriend Manga Gets TV Anime in July|trans-title=Magkakaroon ng TV anime ang mangang Rent-A-Girlfriend sa Hulyo|language=en|date=Disyembre 15, 2019|website=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=Nobyembre 29, 2019}}</ref> Ang istudyong [[TMS Entertainment]] ang namahala sa produksiyon nito. Dinirek ito ni Kazuomi Kaga, at si Mitsutaka Hirota ang namahala naman sa komposisyon ng serye.<ref name="anime-adaptation" /> Si Kanna Hirayama naman ang gumawa ng mga disenyo ng karakter, at si Hyadain naman ang bumuo ng musika.<ref name="anime-adaptation" />
Ang bandang [[The Peggies]] ang kumanta ng pambungad na tema ng serye, ''Centimeter.''{{Efn|センチメートル, Senchimētoru, literal na ''Sentimetro''.}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Egan|last=Loo|date=Marso 24, 2020|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-05-24/rent-a-girlfriend-anime-new-ad-unveils-more-cast-july-10-premiere/.159870|title=Rent-A-Girlfriend Anime's New Ad Unveils More Cast, July 10 Premiere|website=Anime News Network|accessdate=Nobyembre 29, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Ibinunyag ng bagong patalastas ng anime na Rent-A-Girlfriend ang karagdagang cast, premiere na Hulyo 10}}</ref> Para naman sa pangwakas na tema nito, kinanta ni [[Halca]] ang ''Kokuhaku Bungee Jump''{{Efn|告白バンジージャンプ, Kokuhaku Banjī Janpu, literal na ''Pag-amin Bungee Jump''.}} na pinatugtog sa lahat ng episode maliban sa una, ika-7, at ika-12 episode.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kanokari-official.com/news/499/|title=Endingu tēma gakkyoku "Kokuhaku Banjī Janpu" no jōhō ga kaikin!|website=kanokari-official.com|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=ja|trans-title=Inilantad na ang impormasyon patungkol sa pangwakas na tema "Kokuhaku Bungee Jump"!|script-title=ja:エンディングテーマ楽曲「告白バンジージャンプ」の情報が解禁!}}</ref>{{efn|Gayunpaman, ginamit ito bilang isang isiningit na kanta sa panghuling episode (ika-12 episode).|name=ep12|group=note}} Si Halca rin ang kumanta ng ikalawang pangwakas na tema nito, ''First Drop,'' na ginamit ng ika-7 episode.''{{Efn|literal na ''Unang Hulog''. Unang narinig sa dulo ng ika-7 episode.}}''<ref>{{cite web|first=Daryl|last=Harding|title=halca Gets Girlfriend Advice from Chizuru in Rent-a-Girlfriend TV Anime Chibi Short|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/08/23-1/halca-gets-girlfriend-advice-from-chizuru-in-rent-a-girlfriend-tv-anime-chibi-short|website=Crunchyroll|date=Agosto 23, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|trans-title=Nakakuha ng payong pangkasintahan si halca mula kay Chizuru sa chibi short ng TV anime na Rent-a-Girlfriend|language=en}}</ref> Kinanta naman ni [[Sora Amamiya]], ang nagboses kay Chizuru Mizuhara, ang pangatlong pangwakas na tema nito, ''Kimi wo Tousite'',''{{Efn|君を通して, [[Filipino]]: ''Sa Pamamagitan Mo''}}<ref>{{cite web|first=Mikikazu|last=Komatsu|title=Sora Amamiya to Digitally Release Rent-A-Girlfriend Final Episode Insert Song Tomorrow|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/09/26/sora-amamiya-to-digitally-release-rent-a-girlfriend-final-episode-insert-song-tomorrow|website=Crunchyroll|date=Setyembre 26, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Ilalabas nang pa-digital ni Sora Amamiya ang isiningit na kanta ng panghuling episode ng Rent-A-Girlfriend bukas}}</ref>'' na ginamit sa ika-12 episode.
Umere ang serye sa [[MBS-Network|MBS]] at iba pang mga network sa bansang [[Hapon|Hapón]] mula ika-11 ng Hulyo hanggang ika-26 ng Setyembre.<ref name="Episodes">{{cite web|first=Crystalyn|last=Hodgkins|title=Rent-A-Girlfriend Anime Listed With 12 Episodes|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/daily-briefs/2020-06-15/rent-a-girlfriend-anime-listed-with-12-episodes/.160638|website=Anime News Network|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|date=Hunyo 15, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Inilista ang anime na Rent-A-Girlfriend na may 12 episode}}</ref><ref name="Airing">{{cite web|url=https://kanokari-official.com/onair/|title=ONAIR <nowiki>|</nowiki> TV anime "Kanojo, Okarishimasu" kōshiki saito|website=kanokari-official.com|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=ja|script-title=ja:ONAIR <nowiki>|</nowiki> TVアニメ「彼女、お借りします」公式サイト|trans-title=ONAIR <nowiki>|</nowiki> TV anime "Kanojo, Okarishimasu" Opisyal na Sayt|archive-date=Disyembre 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213145832/https://kanokari-official.com/onair/|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{efn|Inilista ng MBS ang premiere ng serye sa 25:25 ng ika-10 ng Hulyo 2020, na katumbas ng 1:25 n.u. kinabukasan (ika-11 ng Hulyo).<ref name="Episodes"/><ref name="Airing"/>|name=MBS|group=note}} Nagkaroon ito ng labindalawang episode.<ref name="Episodes" /> Noong ika-25 ng Setyembre, inanunsyong magkakaroon ito ng pangalawang season.<ref>{{cite web|first=Joseph|last=Luster|title=Rent-a-Girlfriend Season 2 Announced!|url=https://www.crunchyroll.com/anime-news/2020/09/25-1/rent-a-girlfriend-season-2-announced|website=Crunchyroll|date=Setyembre 25, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|trans-title=Inanunsyo na ang Season 2 ng Rent-a-Girlfriend!|language=en}}</ref>
Lisensiyado ang [[Crunchyroll]] para maipalabas ito sa labas ng [[Asya]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Alex|last=Mateo|title=Crunchyroll to Stream Rent-A-Girlfriend Anime|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-06-10/crunchyroll-to-stream-rent-a-girlfriend-anime/.160476|website=Anime News Network|date=Hunyo 10, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|trans-title=Ii-stream ng Crunchyroll ang anime ng Rent-A-Girlfriend|language=en}}</ref> Sa [[Timog-Silangang Asya]], lisensiyado ang Muse Communication para maipalabas ito sa naturang rehiyon, kung saan pinalabas nila ito sa serbisyong pang-stream [[iQIYI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-07-27/iqiyi-adds-7-summer-anime-for-southeast-asia/.162251|title=iQiyi Adds 7 Summer Anime for Southeast Asia|first=Rafael Antonio|last=Pineda|website=Anime News Network|date=Hulyo 27, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Nagdagdag ng 7 anime sa tag-init ang iQiyi para sa Timog-Silangang Asya}}</ref> Noong ika-11 ng Agosto 2020, inanunsyo ng Crunchyroll na magkakaroon ito ng dub sa Ingles. Nilabas nila ang dub na ito noong ika-28 ng Agosto.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2020-08-11/crunchyroll-announces-english-dub-casts-august-premieres-for-monster-girl-doctor-the-god-of-high-school-rent-a-girlfriend/.162828|title=Crunchyroll Announces English Dub Casts, August Premieres for Monster Girl Doctor, The God of High School, Rent-a-Girlfriend|first=Jennifer|last=Sherman|website=Anime News Network|date=Agosto 11, 2020|accessdate=Disyembre 17, 2020|language=en|trans-title=Inanunsyo ng Crunchyroll ang mga cast ng dub sa Ingles, premiere sa Agosto para sa [mga anime na] Monster Girl Doctor, The God of High School, Rent-a-Girlfriend}}</ref>
==== Mga episode ====
{{Episode table|background=#FF578F|overall=|title=|titleR=|airdate=|airdateR=<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:彼女、お借りします <nowiki>|</nowiki> MBS動画イズム|title=Kanojo, Okarishimasu <nowiki>|</nowiki> MBS Animeismu |trans-title=Kanojo, Okarishimasu<nowiki>|</nowiki> MBS Animeism|url=https://dizm.mbs.jp/title/?program=kanokari|website=MBS|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016152409/https://dizm.mbs.jp/title/?program=kanokari|archivedate=Oktubre 16, 2020|accessdate=Nobyembre 29, 2020|language=ja}}</ref>{{efn|
name=MBS|group=note}}|episodes={{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 1
| Title = Rentaru Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Nirerentahang Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = レンタル彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|7|11}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 2
| Title = Moto Kano to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Dati at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 元カノと彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|7|18}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 3
| Title = Umi to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Dagat at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 海と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|7|25}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 4
| Title = Tomodachi to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Kaibigan at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 友達と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|1}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 5
| Title = Onsen to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Onsen at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 温泉と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|8}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 6
| Title = Kanojo to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Kasintahan at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 彼女と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|15}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 7
| Title = Kari Kano to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Pansamantala at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 仮カノと彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|22}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 8
| Title = Kurisumasu to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Pasko at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = クリスマスと彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|8|29}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 9
| Title = Uso to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Palusot at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 嘘と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|9|5}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 10
| Title = Tomodachi no Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Kasintahan ng Kaibigan
| NativeTitle = 友達の彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|9|12}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 11
| Title = Shinjitsu to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Katotohanan at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 真実と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|9|19}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber = 12
| Title = Kokuhaku to Kanojo
| TranslitTitle = Pag-amin at Kasintahan
| NativeTitle = 告白と彼女
| NativeTitleLangCode = ja
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2020|9|26}}
| LineColor = FF578F
}}}}
== Talababa ==
'''Paglilinaw'''
<references group="note" />
'''Pagsasalin'''
<references group="lower-alpha" />
== Mga sanggunian ==
<references />
{{Stub}}
[[Kategorya:Anime na base sa manga]]
[[Kategorya:Crunchyroll]]
[[Kategorya:Manga ng Kodansha]]
[[Kategorya:Romcom na anime at manga]]
[[Kategorya:Shōnen manga]]
[[Kategorya:TMS Entertainment]]
[[Kategorya:Anime ng 2020]]
[[Kategorya:Manga ng 2017]]
[[Kategorya:Manga ng 2018]]
[[Kategorya:Manga ng 2019]]
[[Kategorya:Manga ng 2020]]
8wjfnfk5pqrup9vca8m5joou62lamh2
Miss Earth 2022
0
315377
1963934
1963412
2022-08-20T02:41:45Z
Elysant
118076
/* Mga Kalahok */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ang '''Miss Earth 2022''' ay ang ika-22 edisyon ng [[Miss Earth]] pageant. Si '''Destiny Wagner''' ng [[Belize|Belis]] ang magpuputong sa kanyang kahalili sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss Earth 2022
| image =
| image size =
| image alt =
| caption =
| date = 2022
| presenters =
| entertainment =
| theme =
| venue = [[Pilipinas]]
| broadcaster =
| director =
| producer =
| owner =
| sponsor =
| entrants =
| placements =
| debuts = {{Hlist|[[Benin]]|[[Somalya]]|[[Tunisya]]}}
| withdrawals =
| returns = {{Hlist|[[Ecuador|Ekwador]]|[[Honduras]]|[[Kasakstan]]|[[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]|[[Kroasya]]|[[Liberya]]|[[Turkiya]]}}
| winner =
| represented =
| congeniality =
| personality =
| best national costume =
| best state costume =
| photogenic =
| miss internet =
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| opening trailer =
| before =
| next =
}}
==Mga Kalahok==
Sa kasalukuyan ({{date}}), mayroon nang 44 kalahok na kumpirmado:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Kandidata
! Edad
! Bayan
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]'''
| Rigelsa Cybi
| 25
| [[Tirana]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Arhentina]]'''
|Sofia Martinoli
|23
|Berisso
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
| Katharina Prager<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spitzauer |first=Maximilian |date=24 Hulyo 2022 |title=Katharina Prager zur neuen Miss Earth Austria 2022 gekrönt |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/wien/c-leute/katharina-prager-zur-neuen-miss-earth-austria-2022-gekroent_a5492023 |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=MeinBezirk.at |language=de}}</ref>
| 19
| Weitra
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
| Daphné Nivelles<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Mayo 2022 |title=Vlaamse Daphne Nivelles is de nieuwe Miss Exclusive. En ze is absoluut niet mis… (foto’s) |url=https://www.clint.be/dames/vlaamse-daphne-nivelles-is-de-nieuwe-miss-exclusive-en-ze-is-absoluut-niet-mis-fotos/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Clint.be |language=nl}}</ref>
| 22
| [[Sint-Truiden]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vietnam|Biyetnam]]'''
| Thạch Thu Thảo<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 Hulyo 2022 |title=Thạch Thu Thảo thi Miss Earth 2022 |url=https://vnexpress.net/thach-thu-thao-thi-miss-earth-2022-4489242.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=VnExpress |language=vi}}</ref>
| 21
| Trà Vinh
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bosnia at Herzegovina|Bosnya at Hersegobina]]'''
| Dajana Šnjegota<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Marso 2022 |title=Dajana Šnjegota iz Srpca je nova Miss Earth BiH |url=https://www.una.world/ba/ljepota/dajana-snjegota-iz-srpca-je-nova-miss-earth-bih/08c7b707-4673-4bb5-8c34-a8a1be84dc4b |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Una.world |language=ba}}</ref>
| 19
| Srbac
|-
|{{Flagicon|COD}} '''[[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]'''
|Abuana Nkumu
|
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]'''
| Marcie Reid
| 27
| [[Glasgow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Espanya]]'''
| Aya Kohen
| 21
| [[Sevilla, Espanya|Sevilla]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
| Brielle Simmons
| 21
| Fort Washington
|-
| '''{{flagicon|EST}} [[Estonia|Estonya]]'''
| Liisi Tammoja<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Hulyo 2022 |title=Vau! Tõsielusaatest "Tüdrukute õhtu" kuulsaks saanud Liisi osaleb missivõistlusel |url=https://www.tv3.ee/3-portaal/seltskond/vau-tosielusaatest-tudrukute-ohtu-kuulsaks-saanud-liisi-osaleb-missivoistlusel/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=TV3 Estonia |language=et}}</ref>
| 20
| Pärn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]'''
| Shereen Brogan
| 24
| [[Cardiff]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GHA}} '''[[Ghana|Gana]]'''
|Eunice Nkeyasen
|23
|Nkwanta
|-
| '''{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Gresya]]'''
| Georgia Nastou
| 23
| [[Athens]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Eilyn Lira
|
|Zacapa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
| Manae Matsumoto
| 25
| [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Hilagang Macedonia]]'''
| Angela Vasilevska
| 24
| [[Skopje]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Idania Santos
|22
|Valle
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]'''
| Beth Rice
| 27
| Suffolk
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]'''
| Alannah Larkin
| 18
| Eyrecourt
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} '''[[Cameroon|Kamerun]]'''
| Prandy Noella
| 22
| Douala
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
| Jessica Cianchino
| 23
| Markham
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]'''
| Anna Glubokovskaya
| 20
| Karaganda
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]'''
| Aizhan Chanacheva
| 23
| Naryn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
| Sheyla Ravelo
| 22
| San Antonio de los Baños
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]'''
| Ayah Bajouk
|
| [[Beirut]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]'''
| Essiana Weah
| 25
| Harper
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]'''
| Eissya Thong
| 21
| [[Ipoh]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
| Indira Pérez
| 23
| [[Veracruz]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]'''
| Sareesha Shrestha
| 25
| Lalitpur
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]'''
| Lilly Sødal
| 19
| Kristiansand
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
| Merel Hendriksen
| 24
| Kesteren
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]'''
| Nadeen Ayoub
| 27
| Ramallah
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} '''[[Peru]]
| Nancy Salazar
| 23
| Piura
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Pilipinas]]'''
|Jenny Ramp<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=6 Agosto 2022 |title=Jenny Ramp overwhelmed by Miss PH Earth title win |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/06/22/jenny-ramp-overwhelmed-by-miss-ph-earth-title-win |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|19
|[[Santa Ignacia]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]'''
| Alison Carrasco<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Marso 2022 |title=Une nouvelle Miss Élégance nationale venue de Guadeloupe est sacrée à Forges-les-Eaux |url=https://actu.fr/normandie/forges-les-eaux_76276/une-nouvelle-miss-elegance-nationale-venue-de-guadeloupe-est-sacree-a-forges-les-eaux_49391268.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Actu.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
| 25
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
| Paulina Avilés-Feshold<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 Enero 2022 |title=De Carolina la nueva Miss Earth Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/moda-y-belleza/de-carolina-la-nueva-miss-earth-puerto-rico/article_bfda2ba8-8230-11ec-8def-83235831ebdf.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=El Vocero |language=es}}</ref>
| 21
| Carolina
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portugal]]'''
| Maria Rosado<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmtv.sapo.pt/maria-rosado-foi-eleita-miss-queen-portugal/|title=Maria Rosado foi eleita Miss Queen Portugal|website=VMTV|language=pt|date=15 Abril 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 21
| Ourém
|-
| '''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
| Nieves Marcano
| 24
| Maria Trinidad Sanchez
|-
| '''[[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|border|23px]] [[Réunion]]'''
| Gwenaëlle Laugier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedom.fr/miss-earth-reunion-2022-felicitations-a-gwenaelle/|title=Miss Earth Réunion 2022 : félicitations à Gwenaëlle Laugier de Bras-Panon!|website=Freedom|language=fr|date=26 Hunyo 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 20
| Saint-Benoît
|-
| '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusya]]'''
| Ekaterina Velmakina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maximonline.ru/devushki/kto-takaya-ekaterina-velmakina-smotrim-foto-pobeditelnicy-konkursa-krasa-rossii-2021-id693021/|title=Кто такая Екатерина Вельмакина? Смотрим фото победительницы конкурса «Краса России — 2021»|website=Maxim|language=ru|date=19 Nobyembre 2021|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 19
| [[Moscow]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Daniela Riquelme
|22
|Los Ángeles
|-
| '''{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisya]]'''
| Imen Mehrzi
| 26
| Kairouan
|-
| {{flagicon|URY}} '''[[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
| Lesly Lemos
|
| San Carlos
|-
|}
==Mga Tala==
===Bagong Sali===
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]]
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Somalia|Somalya]]
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
===Bumalik===
Huling sumabak noong 2013:
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2015:
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2016:
*{{flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]
Huling sumabak noong 2017:
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
*{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2019:
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kazakhstan|Kasakstan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2020:
*{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
*{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
==Paparating na pambansang patimpalak==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Petsa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]]'''
| Agosto 20, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalya]]'''
| Agosto 26, 2022
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Nigeria|Niherya]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paragway]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
| Agosto 29, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[India|Indiya]]'''
| Setyembre 3, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
| Setyembre 4, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Eslobenya]]'''
| Setyembre 24, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
| Oktubre 12, 2022
|}
==Mga Sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}
7d1weyigdl45a2leoprddlms2586l14
1963935
1963934
2022-08-20T02:43:28Z
Elysant
118076
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ang '''Miss Earth 2022''' ay ang ika-22 edisyon ng [[Miss Earth]] pageant. Si '''Destiny Wagner''' ng [[Belize|Belis]] ang magpuputong sa kanyang kahalili sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss Earth 2022
| image =
| image size =
| image alt =
| caption =
| date = 2022
| presenters =
| entertainment =
| theme =
| venue = [[Pilipinas]]
| broadcaster =
| director =
| producer =
| owner =
| sponsor =
| entrants =
| placements =
| debuts = {{Hlist|[[Benin]]|[[Somalya]]|[[Tunisya]]}}
| withdrawals =
| returns = {{Hlist|[[Ecuador|Ekwador]]|[[Honduras]]|[[Kasakstan]]|[[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]|[[Kroasya]]|[[Liberya]]|[[Turkiya]]}}
| winner =
| represented =
| congeniality =
| personality =
| best national costume =
| best state costume =
| photogenic =
| miss internet =
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| opening trailer =
| before = 2021
| next = 2023
}}
==Mga Kalahok==
Sa kasalukuyan ({{date}}), mayroon nang 44 kalahok na kumpirmado:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Kandidata
! Edad
! Bayan
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]'''
| Rigelsa Cybi
| 25
| [[Tirana]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Arhentina]]'''
|Sofia Martinoli
|23
|Berisso
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
| Katharina Prager<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spitzauer |first=Maximilian |date=24 Hulyo 2022 |title=Katharina Prager zur neuen Miss Earth Austria 2022 gekrönt |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/wien/c-leute/katharina-prager-zur-neuen-miss-earth-austria-2022-gekroent_a5492023 |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=MeinBezirk.at |language=de}}</ref>
| 19
| Weitra
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
| Daphné Nivelles<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Mayo 2022 |title=Vlaamse Daphne Nivelles is de nieuwe Miss Exclusive. En ze is absoluut niet mis… (foto’s) |url=https://www.clint.be/dames/vlaamse-daphne-nivelles-is-de-nieuwe-miss-exclusive-en-ze-is-absoluut-niet-mis-fotos/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Clint.be |language=nl}}</ref>
| 22
| [[Sint-Truiden]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vietnam|Biyetnam]]'''
| Thạch Thu Thảo<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 Hulyo 2022 |title=Thạch Thu Thảo thi Miss Earth 2022 |url=https://vnexpress.net/thach-thu-thao-thi-miss-earth-2022-4489242.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=VnExpress |language=vi}}</ref>
| 21
| Trà Vinh
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bosnia at Herzegovina|Bosnya at Hersegobina]]'''
| Dajana Šnjegota<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Marso 2022 |title=Dajana Šnjegota iz Srpca je nova Miss Earth BiH |url=https://www.una.world/ba/ljepota/dajana-snjegota-iz-srpca-je-nova-miss-earth-bih/08c7b707-4673-4bb5-8c34-a8a1be84dc4b |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Una.world |language=ba}}</ref>
| 19
| Srbac
|-
|{{Flagicon|COD}} '''[[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]'''
|Abuana Nkumu
|
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]'''
| Marcie Reid
| 27
| [[Glasgow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Espanya]]'''
| Aya Kohen
| 21
| [[Sevilla, Espanya|Sevilla]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
| Brielle Simmons
| 21
| Fort Washington
|-
| '''{{flagicon|EST}} [[Estonia|Estonya]]'''
| Liisi Tammoja<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Hulyo 2022 |title=Vau! Tõsielusaatest "Tüdrukute õhtu" kuulsaks saanud Liisi osaleb missivõistlusel |url=https://www.tv3.ee/3-portaal/seltskond/vau-tosielusaatest-tudrukute-ohtu-kuulsaks-saanud-liisi-osaleb-missivoistlusel/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=TV3 Estonia |language=et}}</ref>
| 20
| Pärn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]'''
| Shereen Brogan
| 24
| [[Cardiff]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GHA}} '''[[Ghana|Gana]]'''
|Eunice Nkeyasen
|23
|Nkwanta
|-
| '''{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Gresya]]'''
| Georgia Nastou
| 23
| [[Athens]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Eilyn Lira
|
|Zacapa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
| Manae Matsumoto
| 25
| [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Hilagang Macedonia]]'''
| Angela Vasilevska
| 24
| [[Skopje]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Idania Santos
|22
|Valle
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]'''
| Beth Rice
| 27
| Suffolk
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]'''
| Alannah Larkin
| 18
| Eyrecourt
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} '''[[Cameroon|Kamerun]]'''
| Prandy Noella
| 22
| Douala
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
| Jessica Cianchino
| 23
| Markham
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]'''
| Anna Glubokovskaya
| 20
| Karaganda
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]'''
| Aizhan Chanacheva
| 23
| Naryn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
| Sheyla Ravelo
| 22
| San Antonio de los Baños
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]'''
| Ayah Bajouk
|
| [[Beirut]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]'''
| Essiana Weah
| 25
| Harper
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]'''
| Eissya Thong
| 21
| [[Ipoh]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
| Indira Pérez
| 23
| [[Veracruz]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]'''
| Sareesha Shrestha
| 25
| Lalitpur
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]'''
| Lilly Sødal
| 19
| Kristiansand
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
| Merel Hendriksen
| 24
| Kesteren
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]'''
| Nadeen Ayoub
| 27
| Ramallah
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} '''[[Peru]]
| Nancy Salazar
| 23
| Piura
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Pilipinas]]'''
|Jenny Ramp<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=6 Agosto 2022 |title=Jenny Ramp overwhelmed by Miss PH Earth title win |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/06/22/jenny-ramp-overwhelmed-by-miss-ph-earth-title-win |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|19
|[[Santa Ignacia]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]'''
| Alison Carrasco<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Marso 2022 |title=Une nouvelle Miss Élégance nationale venue de Guadeloupe est sacrée à Forges-les-Eaux |url=https://actu.fr/normandie/forges-les-eaux_76276/une-nouvelle-miss-elegance-nationale-venue-de-guadeloupe-est-sacree-a-forges-les-eaux_49391268.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Actu.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
| 25
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
| Paulina Avilés-Feshold<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 Enero 2022 |title=De Carolina la nueva Miss Earth Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/moda-y-belleza/de-carolina-la-nueva-miss-earth-puerto-rico/article_bfda2ba8-8230-11ec-8def-83235831ebdf.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=El Vocero |language=es}}</ref>
| 21
| Carolina
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portugal]]'''
| Maria Rosado<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmtv.sapo.pt/maria-rosado-foi-eleita-miss-queen-portugal/|title=Maria Rosado foi eleita Miss Queen Portugal|website=VMTV|language=pt|date=15 Abril 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 21
| Ourém
|-
| '''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
| Nieves Marcano
| 24
| Maria Trinidad Sanchez
|-
| '''[[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|border|23px]] [[Réunion]]'''
| Gwenaëlle Laugier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedom.fr/miss-earth-reunion-2022-felicitations-a-gwenaelle/|title=Miss Earth Réunion 2022 : félicitations à Gwenaëlle Laugier de Bras-Panon!|website=Freedom|language=fr|date=26 Hunyo 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 20
| Saint-Benoît
|-
| '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusya]]'''
| Ekaterina Velmakina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maximonline.ru/devushki/kto-takaya-ekaterina-velmakina-smotrim-foto-pobeditelnicy-konkursa-krasa-rossii-2021-id693021/|title=Кто такая Екатерина Вельмакина? Смотрим фото победительницы конкурса «Краса России — 2021»|website=Maxim|language=ru|date=19 Nobyembre 2021|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 19
| [[Moscow]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Daniela Riquelme
|22
|Los Ángeles
|-
| '''{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisya]]'''
| Imen Mehrzi
| 26
| Kairouan
|-
| {{flagicon|URY}} '''[[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
| Lesly Lemos
|
| San Carlos
|-
|}
==Mga Tala==
===Bagong Sali===
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]]
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Somalia|Somalya]]
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
===Bumalik===
Huling sumabak noong 2013:
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2015:
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2016:
*{{flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]
Huling sumabak noong 2017:
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
*{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2019:
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kazakhstan|Kasakstan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2020:
*{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
*{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
==Paparating na pambansang patimpalak==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Petsa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]]'''
| Agosto 20, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalya]]'''
| Agosto 26, 2022
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Nigeria|Niherya]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paragway]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
| Agosto 29, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[India|Indiya]]'''
| Setyembre 3, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
| Setyembre 4, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Eslobenya]]'''
| Setyembre 24, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
| Oktubre 12, 2022
|}
==Mga Sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}
s6fz85qap3ggmsgnaqyu3silihpxij5
1963936
1963935
2022-08-20T02:59:45Z
Elysant
118076
/* Mga Kalahok */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ang '''Miss Earth 2022''' ay ang ika-22 edisyon ng [[Miss Earth]] pageant. Si '''Destiny Wagner''' ng [[Belize|Belis]] ang magpuputong sa kanyang kahalili sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss Earth 2022
| image =
| image size =
| image alt =
| caption =
| date = 2022
| presenters =
| entertainment =
| theme =
| venue = [[Pilipinas]]
| broadcaster =
| director =
| producer =
| owner =
| sponsor =
| entrants =
| placements =
| debuts = {{Hlist|[[Benin]]|[[Somalya]]|[[Tunisya]]}}
| withdrawals =
| returns = {{Hlist|[[Ecuador|Ekwador]]|[[Honduras]]|[[Kasakstan]]|[[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]|[[Kroasya]]|[[Liberya]]|[[Turkiya]]}}
| winner =
| represented =
| congeniality =
| personality =
| best national costume =
| best state costume =
| photogenic =
| miss internet =
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| opening trailer =
| before = 2021
| next = 2023
}}
==Mga Kalahok==
Sa kasalukuyan ({{date}}), mayroon nang 44 kalahok na kumpirmado:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Kandidata
! Edad
! Bayan
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]'''
| Rigelsa Cybi
| 25
| [[Tirana]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Arhentina]]'''
|Sofia Martinoli
|23
|Berisso
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
| Katharina Prager<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spitzauer |first=Maximilian |date=24 Hulyo 2022 |title=Katharina Prager zur neuen Miss Earth Austria 2022 gekrönt |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/wien/c-leute/katharina-prager-zur-neuen-miss-earth-austria-2022-gekroent_a5492023 |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=MeinBezirk.at |language=de}}</ref>
| 19
| Weitra
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
| Daphné Nivelles<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Mayo 2022 |title=Vlaamse Daphne Nivelles is de nieuwe Miss Exclusive. En ze is absoluut niet mis… (foto’s) |url=https://www.clint.be/dames/vlaamse-daphne-nivelles-is-de-nieuwe-miss-exclusive-en-ze-is-absoluut-niet-mis-fotos/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Clint.be |language=nl}}</ref>
| 22
| [[Sint-Truiden]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vietnam|Biyetnam]]'''
| Thạch Thu Thảo<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 Hulyo 2022 |title=Thạch Thu Thảo thi Miss Earth 2022 |url=https://vnexpress.net/thach-thu-thao-thi-miss-earth-2022-4489242.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=VnExpress |language=vi}}</ref>
| 21
| Trà Vinh
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bosnia at Herzegovina|Bosnya at Hersegobina]]'''
| Dajana Šnjegota<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Marso 2022 |title=Dajana Šnjegota iz Srpca je nova Miss Earth BiH |url=https://www.una.world/ba/ljepota/dajana-snjegota-iz-srpca-je-nova-miss-earth-bih/08c7b707-4673-4bb5-8c34-a8a1be84dc4b |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Una.world |language=ba}}</ref>
| 19
| Srbac
|-
|{{Flagicon|COD}} '''[[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]'''
|Abuana Nkumu
|
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]'''
| Marcie Reid
| 27
| [[Glasgow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Espanya]]'''
| Aya Kohen
| 21
| [[Sevilla, Espanya|Sevilla]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
| Brielle Simmons
| 21
| Fort Washington
|-
| '''{{flagicon|EST}} [[Estonia|Estonya]]'''
| Liisi Tammoja<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Hulyo 2022 |title=Vau! Tõsielusaatest "Tüdrukute õhtu" kuulsaks saanud Liisi osaleb missivõistlusel |url=https://www.tv3.ee/3-portaal/seltskond/vau-tosielusaatest-tudrukute-ohtu-kuulsaks-saanud-liisi-osaleb-missivoistlusel/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=TV3 Estonia |language=et}}</ref>
| 20
| Pärn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]'''
| Shereen Brogan
| 24
| [[Cardiff]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GHA}} '''[[Ghana|Gana]]'''
|Eunice Nkeyasen
|23
|Nkwanta
|-
| '''{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Gresya]]'''
| Georgia Nastou
| 23
| [[Athens]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Eilyn Lira
|
|Zacapa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
| Manae Matsumoto
| 25
| [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Hilagang Macedonia]]'''
| Angela Vasilevska
| 24
| [[Skopje]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Idania Santos
|22
|Valle
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]'''
| Beth Rice
| 27
| Suffolk
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]'''
| Alannah Larkin
| 18
| Eyrecourt
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} '''[[Cameroon|Kamerun]]'''
| Prandy Noella
| 22
| Douala
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
| Jessica Cianchino
| 23
| Markham
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]'''
| Anna Glubokovskaya
| 20
| Karaganda
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]'''
| Aizhan Chanacheva
| 23
| Naryn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
| Sheyla Ravelo
| 22
| San Antonio de los Baños
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]'''
| Ayah Bajouk
|
| [[Beirut]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]'''
| Essiana Weah
| 25
| Harper
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]'''
| Eissya Thong
| 21
| [[Ipoh]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
| Indira Pérez
| 23
| [[Veracruz]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]'''
| Sareesha Shrestha
| 25
| Lalitpur
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]'''
| Lilly Sødal
| 19
| Kristiansand
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
| Merel Hendriksen
| 24
| Kesteren
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]'''
| Nadeen Ayoub
| 27
| Ramallah
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} '''[[Peru]]
| Nancy Salazar<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monzón|first=Nilo Vilela|date=15 Agosto 2022|title=La bella piurana Nancy Salazar es elegida “Miss Earth Perú 2022″|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/piura/la-bella-piurana-nancy-salazar-es-elegida-miss-earth-peru-2022-noticia/|access-date=20 Agosto 2022|website=Diario Correo|language=es}}</ref>
| 23
| Piura
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Pilipinas]]'''
|Jenny Ramp<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=6 Agosto 2022 |title=Jenny Ramp overwhelmed by Miss PH Earth title win |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/06/22/jenny-ramp-overwhelmed-by-miss-ph-earth-title-win |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|19
|[[Santa Ignacia]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]'''
| Alison Carrasco<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Marso 2022 |title=Une nouvelle Miss Élégance nationale venue de Guadeloupe est sacrée à Forges-les-Eaux |url=https://actu.fr/normandie/forges-les-eaux_76276/une-nouvelle-miss-elegance-nationale-venue-de-guadeloupe-est-sacree-a-forges-les-eaux_49391268.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Actu.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
| 25
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
| Paulina Avilés-Feshold<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 Enero 2022 |title=De Carolina la nueva Miss Earth Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/moda-y-belleza/de-carolina-la-nueva-miss-earth-puerto-rico/article_bfda2ba8-8230-11ec-8def-83235831ebdf.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=El Vocero |language=es}}</ref>
| 21
| Carolina
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portugal]]'''
| Maria Rosado<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmtv.sapo.pt/maria-rosado-foi-eleita-miss-queen-portugal/|title=Maria Rosado foi eleita Miss Queen Portugal|website=VMTV|language=pt|date=15 Abril 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 21
| Ourém
|-
| '''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
| Nieves Marcano
| 24
| Maria Trinidad Sanchez
|-
| '''[[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|border|23px]] [[Réunion]]'''
| Gwenaëlle Laugier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedom.fr/miss-earth-reunion-2022-felicitations-a-gwenaelle/|title=Miss Earth Réunion 2022 : félicitations à Gwenaëlle Laugier de Bras-Panon!|website=Freedom|language=fr|date=26 Hunyo 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 20
| Saint-Benoît
|-
| '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusya]]'''
| Ekaterina Velmakina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maximonline.ru/devushki/kto-takaya-ekaterina-velmakina-smotrim-foto-pobeditelnicy-konkursa-krasa-rossii-2021-id693021/|title=Кто такая Екатерина Вельмакина? Смотрим фото победительницы конкурса «Краса России — 2021»|website=Maxim|language=ru|date=19 Nobyembre 2021|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 19
| [[Moscow]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Daniela Riquelme
|22
|Los Ángeles
|-
| '''{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisya]]'''
| Imen Mehrzi
| 26
| Kairouan
|-
| {{flagicon|URY}} '''[[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
| Lesly Lemos
|
| San Carlos
|-
|}
==Mga Tala==
===Bagong Sali===
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]]
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Somalia|Somalya]]
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
===Bumalik===
Huling sumabak noong 2013:
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2015:
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2016:
*{{flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]
Huling sumabak noong 2017:
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
*{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2019:
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kazakhstan|Kasakstan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2020:
*{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
*{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
==Paparating na pambansang patimpalak==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Petsa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]]'''
| Agosto 20, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalya]]'''
| Agosto 26, 2022
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Nigeria|Niherya]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paragway]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
| Agosto 29, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[India|Indiya]]'''
| Setyembre 3, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
| Setyembre 4, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Eslobenya]]'''
| Setyembre 24, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
| Oktubre 12, 2022
|}
==Mga Sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}
gf08lcq03dlw3kr8601ovs1jd4udmu0
1963937
1963936
2022-08-20T03:09:00Z
Elysant
118076
/* Mga Kalahok */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ang '''Miss Earth 2022''' ay ang ika-22 edisyon ng [[Miss Earth]] pageant. Si '''Destiny Wagner''' ng [[Belize|Belis]] ang magpuputong sa kanyang kahalili sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss Earth 2022
| image =
| image size =
| image alt =
| caption =
| date = 2022
| presenters =
| entertainment =
| theme =
| venue = [[Pilipinas]]
| broadcaster =
| director =
| producer =
| owner =
| sponsor =
| entrants =
| placements =
| debuts = {{Hlist|[[Benin]]|[[Somalya]]|[[Tunisya]]}}
| withdrawals =
| returns = {{Hlist|[[Ecuador|Ekwador]]|[[Honduras]]|[[Kasakstan]]|[[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]|[[Kroasya]]|[[Liberya]]|[[Turkiya]]}}
| winner =
| represented =
| congeniality =
| personality =
| best national costume =
| best state costume =
| photogenic =
| miss internet =
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| opening trailer =
| before = 2021
| next = 2023
}}
==Mga Kalahok==
Sa kasalukuyan ({{date}}), mayroon nang 44 kalahok na kumpirmado:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Kandidata
! Edad
! Bayan
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]'''
| Rigelsa Cybi
| 25
| [[Tirana]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Arhentina]]'''
|Sofia Martinoli
|23
|Berisso
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
| Katharina Prager<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spitzauer |first=Maximilian |date=24 Hulyo 2022 |title=Katharina Prager zur neuen Miss Earth Austria 2022 gekrönt |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/wien/c-leute/katharina-prager-zur-neuen-miss-earth-austria-2022-gekroent_a5492023 |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=MeinBezirk.at |language=de}}</ref>
| 19
| Weitra
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
| Daphné Nivelles<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Mayo 2022 |title=Vlaamse Daphne Nivelles is de nieuwe Miss Exclusive. En ze is absoluut niet mis… (foto’s) |url=https://www.clint.be/dames/vlaamse-daphne-nivelles-is-de-nieuwe-miss-exclusive-en-ze-is-absoluut-niet-mis-fotos/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Clint.be |language=nl}}</ref>
| 22
| [[Sint-Truiden]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vietnam|Biyetnam]]'''
| Thạch Thu Thảo<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 Hulyo 2022 |title=Thạch Thu Thảo thi Miss Earth 2022 |url=https://vnexpress.net/thach-thu-thao-thi-miss-earth-2022-4489242.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=VnExpress |language=vi}}</ref>
| 21
| Trà Vinh
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bosnia at Herzegovina|Bosnya at Hersegobina]]'''
| Dajana Šnjegota<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Marso 2022 |title=Dajana Šnjegota iz Srpca je nova Miss Earth BiH |url=https://www.una.world/ba/ljepota/dajana-snjegota-iz-srpca-je-nova-miss-earth-bih/08c7b707-4673-4bb5-8c34-a8a1be84dc4b |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Una.world |language=ba}}</ref>
| 19
| Srbac
|-
|{{Flagicon|COD}} '''[[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]'''
|Abuana Nkumu
|
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]'''
| Marcie Reid
| 27
| [[Glasgow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Espanya]]'''
| Aya Kohen
| 21
| [[Sevilla, Espanya|Sevilla]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
| Brielle Simmons
| 21
| Fort Washington
|-
| '''{{flagicon|EST}} [[Estonia|Estonya]]'''
| Liisi Tammoja<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Hulyo 2022 |title=Vau! Tõsielusaatest "Tüdrukute õhtu" kuulsaks saanud Liisi osaleb missivõistlusel |url=https://www.tv3.ee/3-portaal/seltskond/vau-tosielusaatest-tudrukute-ohtu-kuulsaks-saanud-liisi-osaleb-missivoistlusel/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=TV3 Estonia |language=et}}</ref>
| 20
| Pärn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]'''
| Shereen Brogan
| 24
| [[Cardiff]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GHA}} '''[[Ghana|Gana]]'''
|Eunice Nkeyasen
|23
|Nkwanta
|-
| '''{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Gresya]]'''
| Georgia Nastou
| 23
| [[Athens]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Eilyn Lira
|
|Zacapa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
| Manae Matsumoto
| 25
| [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Hilagang Macedonia]]'''
| Angela Vasilevska
| 24
| [[Skopje]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Idania Santos
|22
|Valle
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]'''
| Beth Rice
| 27
| Suffolk
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]'''
| Alannah Larkin
| 18
| Eyrecourt
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} '''[[Cameroon|Kamerun]]'''
| Prandy Noella
| 22
| Douala
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
| Jessica Cianchino
| 23
| Markham
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]'''
| Anna Glubokovskaya
| 20
| Karaganda
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]'''
| Aizhan Chanacheva
| 23
| Naryn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
| Sheyla Ravelo
| 22
| San Antonio de los Baños
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]'''
| Ayah Bajouk
|
| [[Beirut]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]'''
| Essiana Weah
| 25
| Harper
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]'''
| Eissya Thong
| 21
| [[Ipoh]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
| Indira Pérez
| 23
| [[Veracruz]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]'''
| Sareesha Shrestha
| 25
| Lalitpur
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]'''
| Lilly Sødal
| 19
| Kristiansand
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
| Merel Hendriksen
| 24
| Kesteren
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]'''
| Nadeen Ayoub
| 27
| Ramallah
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} '''[[Peru]]
| Nancy Salazar<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monzón|first=Nilo Vilela|date=15 Agosto 2022|title=La bella piurana Nancy Salazar es elegida “Miss Earth Perú 2022″|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/piura/la-bella-piurana-nancy-salazar-es-elegida-miss-earth-peru-2022-noticia/|access-date=20 Agosto 2022|website=Diario Correo|language=es}}</ref>
| 23
| Piura
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Pilipinas]]'''
|Jenny Ramp<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=6 Agosto 2022 |title=Jenny Ramp overwhelmed by Miss PH Earth title win |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/06/22/jenny-ramp-overwhelmed-by-miss-ph-earth-title-win |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|19
|[[Santa Ignacia]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]'''
| Alison Carrasco<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Marso 2022 |title=Une nouvelle Miss Élégance nationale venue de Guadeloupe est sacrée à Forges-les-Eaux |url=https://actu.fr/normandie/forges-les-eaux_76276/une-nouvelle-miss-elegance-nationale-venue-de-guadeloupe-est-sacree-a-forges-les-eaux_49391268.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Actu.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
| 25
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
| Paulina Avilés-Feshold<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 Enero 2022 |title=De Carolina la nueva Miss Earth Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/moda-y-belleza/de-carolina-la-nueva-miss-earth-puerto-rico/article_bfda2ba8-8230-11ec-8def-83235831ebdf.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=El Vocero |language=es}}</ref>
| 21
| Carolina
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portugal]]'''
| Maria Rosado<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmtv.sapo.pt/maria-rosado-foi-eleita-miss-queen-portugal/|title=Maria Rosado foi eleita Miss Queen Portugal|website=VMTV|language=pt|date=15 Abril 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 21
| Ourém
|-
| '''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
| Nieves Marcano
| 24
| Maria Trinidad Sanchez
|-
| '''[[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|border|23px]] [[Réunion]]'''
| Gwenaëlle Laugier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedom.fr/miss-earth-reunion-2022-felicitations-a-gwenaelle/|title=Miss Earth Réunion 2022 : félicitations à Gwenaëlle Laugier de Bras-Panon!|website=Freedom|language=fr|date=26 Hunyo 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 20
| Saint-Benoît
|-
| '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusya]]'''
| Ekaterina Velmakina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maximonline.ru/devushki/kto-takaya-ekaterina-velmakina-smotrim-foto-pobeditelnicy-konkursa-krasa-rossii-2021-id693021/|title=Кто такая Екатерина Вельмакина? Смотрим фото победительницы конкурса «Краса России — 2021»|website=Maxim|language=ru|date=19 Nobyembre 2021|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 19
| [[Moscow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
| Daniela Riquelme<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vidal|first=María Jesús|date=11 Agosto 2022|title=Estudiante de medicina se corona como Miss Earth Chile 2022: representará al país en Filipinas|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-del-bio-bio/2022/08/11/estudiante-de-medicina-se-corona-como-miss-earth-chile-2022-representara-al-pais-en-filipinas.shtml|access-date=20 Agosto 2022|website=BioBioChile|language=es}}</ref>
| 22
| Los Ángeles
|-
| '''{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisya]]'''
| Imen Mehrzi
| 26
| Kairouan
|-
| {{flagicon|URY}} '''[[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
| Lesly Lemos
|
| San Carlos
|-
|}
==Mga Tala==
===Bagong Sali===
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]]
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Somalia|Somalya]]
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
===Bumalik===
Huling sumabak noong 2013:
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2015:
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2016:
*{{flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]
Huling sumabak noong 2017:
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
*{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2019:
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kazakhstan|Kasakstan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2020:
*{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
*{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
==Paparating na pambansang patimpalak==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Petsa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]]'''
| Agosto 20, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalya]]'''
| Agosto 26, 2022
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Nigeria|Niherya]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paragway]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
| Agosto 29, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[India|Indiya]]'''
| Setyembre 3, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
| Setyembre 4, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Eslobenya]]'''
| Setyembre 24, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
| Oktubre 12, 2022
|}
==Mga Sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}
matmfbdhi8zfwva449qt7kigdy6czvw
1963938
1963937
2022-08-20T03:23:50Z
Elysant
118076
/* Mga Kalahok */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Ang '''Miss Earth 2022''' ay ang ika-22 edisyon ng [[Miss Earth]] pageant. Si '''Destiny Wagner''' ng [[Belize|Belis]] ang magpuputong sa kanyang kahalili sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.
{{Infobox beauty pageant
| name = Miss Earth 2022
| image =
| image size =
| image alt =
| caption =
| date = 2022
| presenters =
| entertainment =
| theme =
| venue = [[Pilipinas]]
| broadcaster =
| director =
| producer =
| owner =
| sponsor =
| entrants =
| placements =
| debuts = {{Hlist|[[Benin]]|[[Somalya]]|[[Tunisya]]}}
| withdrawals =
| returns = {{Hlist|[[Ecuador|Ekwador]]|[[Honduras]]|[[Kasakstan]]|[[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]|[[Kroasya]]|[[Liberya]]|[[Turkiya]]}}
| winner =
| represented =
| congeniality =
| personality =
| best national costume =
| best state costume =
| photogenic =
| miss internet =
| award1 label =
| award1 =
| award2 label =
| award2 =
| opening trailer =
| before = 2021
| next = 2023
}}
==Mga Kalahok==
Sa kasalukuyan ({{date}}), mayroon nang 44 kalahok na kumpirmado:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Kandidata
! Edad
! Bayan
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]'''
| Rigelsa Cybi
| 25
| [[Tirana]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|ARG}} '''[[Arhentina]]'''
|Sofia Martinoli
|23
|Berisso
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
| Katharina Prager<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spitzauer |first=Maximilian |date=24 Hulyo 2022 |title=Katharina Prager zur neuen Miss Earth Austria 2022 gekrönt |url=https://www.meinbezirk.at/wien/c-leute/katharina-prager-zur-neuen-miss-earth-austria-2022-gekroent_a5492023 |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=MeinBezirk.at |language=de}}</ref>
| 19
| Weitra
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
| Daphné Nivelles<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Mayo 2022 |title=Vlaamse Daphne Nivelles is de nieuwe Miss Exclusive. En ze is absoluut niet mis… (foto’s) |url=https://www.clint.be/dames/vlaamse-daphne-nivelles-is-de-nieuwe-miss-exclusive-en-ze-is-absoluut-niet-mis-fotos/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Clint.be |language=nl}}</ref>
| 22
| [[Sint-Truiden]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|VIE}} [[Vietnam|Biyetnam]]'''
| Thạch Thu Thảo<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=18 Hulyo 2022 |title=Thạch Thu Thảo thi Miss Earth 2022 |url=https://vnexpress.net/thach-thu-thao-thi-miss-earth-2022-4489242.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=VnExpress |language=vi}}</ref>
| 21
| Trà Vinh
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BIH}} [[Bosnia at Herzegovina|Bosnya at Hersegobina]]'''
| Dajana Šnjegota<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 Marso 2022 |title=Dajana Šnjegota iz Srpca je nova Miss Earth BiH |url=https://www.una.world/ba/ljepota/dajana-snjegota-iz-srpca-je-nova-miss-earth-bih/08c7b707-4673-4bb5-8c34-a8a1be84dc4b |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Una.world |language=ba}}</ref>
| 19
| Srbac
|-
|{{Flagicon|COD}} '''[[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]'''
|Abuana Nkumu
|
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]'''
| Marcie Reid
| 27
| [[Glasgow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Espanya]]'''
| Aya Kohen
| 21
| [[Sevilla, Espanya|Sevilla]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
| Brielle Simmons
| 21
| Fort Washington
|-
| '''{{flagicon|EST}} [[Estonia|Estonya]]'''
| Liisi Tammoja<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 Hulyo 2022 |title=Vau! Tõsielusaatest "Tüdrukute õhtu" kuulsaks saanud Liisi osaleb missivõistlusel |url=https://www.tv3.ee/3-portaal/seltskond/vau-tosielusaatest-tudrukute-ohtu-kuulsaks-saanud-liisi-osaleb-missivoistlusel/ |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=TV3 Estonia |language=et}}</ref>
| 20
| Pärn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]'''
| Shereen Brogan
| 24
| [[Cardiff]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GHA}} '''[[Ghana|Gana]]'''
|Eunice Nkeyasen
|23
|Nkwanta
|-
| '''{{flagicon|GRC}} [[Gresya]]'''
| Georgia Nastou
| 23
| [[Athens]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GTM}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Eilyn Lira
|
|Zacapa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
| Manae Matsumoto
| 25
| [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MKD}} [[Hilagang Macedonia]]'''
| Angela Vasilevska
| 24
| [[Skopje]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Idania Santos
|22
|Valle
|-
| '''{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]'''
| Beth Rice
| 27
| Suffolk
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]'''
| Alannah Larkin
| 18
| Eyrecourt
|-
| {{flagicon|CMR}} '''[[Cameroon|Kamerun]]'''
| Prandy Noella
| 22
| Douala
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
| Jessica Cianchino
| 23
| Markham
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]'''
| Anna Glubokovskaya
| 20
| Karaganda
|-
| '''{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]'''
| Aizhan Chanacheva
| 23
| Naryn
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
| Sheyla Ravelo
| 22
| San Antonio de los Baños
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]'''
| Ayah Bajouk
|
| [[Beirut]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]'''
| Essiana Weah
| 25
| Harper
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]'''
| Eissya Thong
| 21
| [[Ipoh]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
| Indira Pérez
| 23
| [[Veracruz]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]]'''
| Sareesha Shrestha
| 25
| Lalitpur
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]'''
| Lilly Sødal
| 19
| Kristiansand
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
| Merel Hendriksen
| 24
| Kesteren
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]'''
| Nadeen Ayoub<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alhadath.ps/article/155815/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%91%D8%AC-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86|title=نادين أيوب تتوّج رسميًا بلقب ملكة جمال فلسطين|website=alhadath.ps|language=ar|date=18 Hunyo 2022|access-date=20 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 27
| Ramallah
|-
| {{flagicon|PER}} '''[[Peru]]
| Nancy Salazar<ref>{{Cite web|last=Monzón|first=Nilo Vilela|date=15 Agosto 2022|title=La bella piurana Nancy Salazar es elegida “Miss Earth Perú 2022″|url=https://diariocorreo.pe/edicion/piura/la-bella-piurana-nancy-salazar-es-elegida-miss-earth-peru-2022-noticia/|access-date=20 Agosto 2022|website=Diario Correo|language=es}}</ref>
| 23
| Piura
|-
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} '''[[Pilipinas]]'''
|Jenny Ramp<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=6 Agosto 2022 |title=Jenny Ramp overwhelmed by Miss PH Earth title win |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/06/22/jenny-ramp-overwhelmed-by-miss-ph-earth-title-win |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en}}</ref>
|19
|[[Santa Ignacia]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]'''
| Alison Carrasco<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 Marso 2022 |title=Une nouvelle Miss Élégance nationale venue de Guadeloupe est sacrée à Forges-les-Eaux |url=https://actu.fr/normandie/forges-les-eaux_76276/une-nouvelle-miss-elegance-nationale-venue-de-guadeloupe-est-sacree-a-forges-les-eaux_49391268.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=Actu.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
| 25
| [[Toulouse]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
| Paulina Avilés-Feshold<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=31 Enero 2022 |title=De Carolina la nueva Miss Earth Puerto Rico |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/moda-y-belleza/de-carolina-la-nueva-miss-earth-puerto-rico/article_bfda2ba8-8230-11ec-8def-83235831ebdf.html |access-date=8 Agosto 2022 |website=El Vocero |language=es}}</ref>
| 21
| Carolina
|-
| '''{{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portugal]]'''
| Maria Rosado<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vmtv.sapo.pt/maria-rosado-foi-eleita-miss-queen-portugal/|title=Maria Rosado foi eleita Miss Queen Portugal|website=VMTV|language=pt|date=15 Abril 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 21
| Ourém
|-
| '''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
| Nieves Marcano
| 24
| Maria Trinidad Sanchez
|-
| '''[[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|border|23px]] [[Réunion]]'''
| Gwenaëlle Laugier<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://freedom.fr/miss-earth-reunion-2022-felicitations-a-gwenaelle/|title=Miss Earth Réunion 2022 : félicitations à Gwenaëlle Laugier de Bras-Panon!|website=Freedom|language=fr|date=26 Hunyo 2022|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 20
| Saint-Benoît
|-
| '''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Rusya]]'''
| Ekaterina Velmakina<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maximonline.ru/devushki/kto-takaya-ekaterina-velmakina-smotrim-foto-pobeditelnicy-konkursa-krasa-rossii-2021-id693021/|title=Кто такая Екатерина Вельмакина? Смотрим фото победительницы конкурса «Краса России — 2021»|website=Maxim|language=ru|date=19 Nobyembre 2021|access-date=8 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
| 19
| [[Moscow]]
|-
| '''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
| Daniela Riquelme<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vidal|first=María Jesús|date=11 Agosto 2022|title=Estudiante de medicina se corona como Miss Earth Chile 2022: representará al país en Filipinas|url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/nacional/region-del-bio-bio/2022/08/11/estudiante-de-medicina-se-corona-como-miss-earth-chile-2022-representara-al-pais-en-filipinas.shtml|access-date=20 Agosto 2022|website=BioBioChile|language=es}}</ref>
| 22
| Los Ángeles
|-
| '''{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisya]]'''
| Imen Mehrzi
| 26
| Kairouan
|-
| {{flagicon|URY}} '''[[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
| Lesly Lemos
|
| San Carlos
|-
|}
==Mga Tala==
===Bagong Sali===
*{{flagicon|BEN}} [[Benin]]
*{{flagicon|SOM}} [[Somalia|Somalya]]
*{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
===Bumalik===
Huling sumabak noong 2013:
*{{flagicon|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2015:
*{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
Huling sumabak noong 2016:
*{{flagicon|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
*{{flagicon|PLE}} [[Estado ng Palestina|Palestina]]
Huling sumabak noong 2017:
*{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
*{{flagicon|KGZ}} [[Kyrgyzstan|Kirgistan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2019:
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Kazakhstan|Kasakstan]]
Huling sumabak noong 2020:
*{{flagicon|HND}} [[Honduras]]
*{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
*{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
==Paparating na pambansang patimpalak==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-
! Bansa/Teritoryo
! Petsa
|-
| '''{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Uganda]]'''
| Agosto 20, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Somalia}} [[Somalya]]'''
| Agosto 26, 2022
|-
| {{flagicon|NGA}} '''[[Nigeria|Niherya]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Paraguay}} [[Paragway]]'''
| Agosto 27, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
| Agosto 29, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|IND}} [[India|Indiya]]'''
| Setyembre 3, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
| Setyembre 4, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Eslobenya]]'''
| Setyembre 24, 2022
|-
| '''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
| Oktubre 12, 2022
|}
==Mga Sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}
f6il2otjhhcoubk19f7cqtykzt5gu4b
Tagagamit:Allyriana000/burador
2
317588
1963931
1962580
2022-08-20T00:26:18Z
Allyriana000
119761
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Contestants ==
=== Miss Universe 1952 ===
Mga sanggunian:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Shirley Burnett<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=30 Setyembre 2016 |title=The first (1952) Miss U pageant |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2016/09/30/1628771/first-1952-miss-u-pageant |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref>
|
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Renate Hoy<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1952 |title=18-year old beauty defeats girls from 29 other nations |language=en |pages=4 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QP9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2930%2C7987739 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Leah MacCartney<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Melbourne]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Myriam Lynn<ref name=":1" />
|25
|Eynatten
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Sofía Silva<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galicia |first=Elier |date=7 Hunyo 2022 |title=¿Quién era Sofía Silva Inserri, la primera Miss Venezuela de la historia? |url=https://nuevodia.com.ve/2022/06/07/quien-era-sofia-silva-inserri-la-primera-miss-venezuela-de-la-historia/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref>
|23
|Tumeremo
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Hanne Sørensen<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Copenhague]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Jacqueleen Loughery<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1952 |title=Named "Miss U.S.," seeks world title |language=en |pages=1 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pv9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1192%2C7267286 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Brooklyn]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gran Britanya]]'''
|Aileen Chase<ref name=":1" />
|21
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Ntaizy Mavraki<ref name=":0" />
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Himeko Kojima
|20
|[[Prepektura ng Osaka|Osaka]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Elza Edsman<ref name=":0" />
|19
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Judy Dan<ref name=":0" />
|21
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]'''
|Indrani Rahman<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Mayo 2016 |title=Indrani Rahman Was Married With A Kid When She Represented India At The First Miss Universe! |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/indrani-rahman-was-married-with-a-kid-when-she-went-on-to-become-the-first-miss-universe-in-1952_-255340.html |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|22
|Chennai
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ora Vered<ref name=":1" />
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Giovanna Mazzotti<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Lombardia]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Ruth Carrier<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gladys López<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Olga Llorens Pérez<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Silvia Derbez y el día que representó a San Luis Potosí en Miss México |url=https://sanluis.eluniversal.com.mx/mas-de-san-luis/silvia-derbez-y-el-dia-que-represento-san-luis-potosi-en-miss-mexico |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=San Luis Potosí |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Chihuahua
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Eva Røine<ref name=":1" />
|24
|Mysen
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Elzibir Gisela Malek<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Cocle
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Ada Gabriela Bueno<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Apurimac
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Teresita Sanchez<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Malolos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|'''[[Armi Kuusela]]'''<ref name=":0" />
|17
|Muhos
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Marilia Levy Bernal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez Caraballo |first=Harry |date=11 Agosto 2022 |title=Estos son los pueblos que más han ganado coronas en Miss Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2022/08/11/estos-son-los-pueblos-que-mas-han-ganado-coronas-en-miss-puerto-rico/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Metro Puerto Rico |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Lares
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Goddart<ref name=":1" />
|22
|[[Burdeos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Anne Marie Thistler<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Catherine Higgins<ref name=":1" />
|19
|Transvaal
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Esther Saavedra<ref name=":1" />
|23
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Gelengul Tayforoglu<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Ankara]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Gladys Rubio Fajardo<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1953 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Muriel Hagberg
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Christel Schaack
|18
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Maxine Morgan
|20
|[[Sydney]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
|Lore Felger
|18
|[[Viena]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Elayne Cortois
|23
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Gisela Bolaños
|18
|Valencia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Jytte Olsen
|18
|Gilleleje
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Myrna Hansen
|18
|[[Chicago]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Doreta Xirou
|
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Kinuko Ito
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Aileen Stone
|20
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Rita Stazzi
|21
|[[Milan]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Thelma Elizabeth Brewis
|21
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Ana Bertha Lepe
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Synnøve Gulbrandsen
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Emita Arosemena
|22
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Mary Ann Sarmiento
|
|Ucayali
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Cristina Pacheco
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Teija Anneli Sopanen
|20
|Tampere
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Wanda Irizarry
|20
|Río Piedras
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|'''Christiane Martel'''
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ulla Sandkler
|18
|Gothenburg
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]'''
|Danielle Oudinet
|
|Lausanne
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Ingrid Rita Mills
|20
|Salisbury
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Ayten Akyol
|21
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ada Alicia Ibáñez
|23
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1954 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Charlein Lander
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Regina Ernst
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad ng Lalawigan ng Pavia|Bremen]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Ivana Olga Kislinger
|22
|Temperley
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Shirley Bliss
|20
|Narrandera
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Bagong Silandiya]]'''
|Moana Manley
|18
|Auckland
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Christiane Neckaerts
|19
|Nodebais
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Martha Rocha
|21
|Salvador
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Myrna Ros Orozco
|20
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|'''Miriam Stevenson'''
|21
|Winnsboro
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Rika Dialina
|22
|[[Creta|Heraklion]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Mieko Kondo
|18
|[[Nagoya]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Lilliam Padilla
|21
|[[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Virginia June Lee
|20
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Aviva Pe’er
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Maria Teresa Paliani
|18
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Joyce Mary Landry
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Marian Esquivel
|18
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Isis Finlay
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Elvira Castillo Olivera
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Mona Stornes
|19
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Liliana Torre
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Isabella León
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Lima]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Blesilda Ocampo
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Lenita Airisto
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Lucy Santiago
|23
|San Juan
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Jacqueline Beer
|21
|Bois-Colombes
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Singapore (1952–1959).svg}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]'''
|Marjorie Wee
|21
|Singapura
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ragnhild Olausson
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
|Amara Asavananda
|18
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kae Sun-hee
|19
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Gloria Leguisos
|21
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ana Moreno
|22
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Jamaica|West Indies]]'''
|Evelyn Andrade
|18
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1955 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Lorna McLeod
|21
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Margit Nünke
|24
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Isabel Sarli
|25
|Concordia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Nicole De Mayer
|
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Susana Duijm
|18
|Aragua de Barcelona
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Emília Barreto
|18
|Sobral
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]'''
|Maureen Hingert
|18
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|Leonor Carcache
|20
|Guayaquil
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Maribel Arrieta
|19
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Carlene King Johnson
|22
|[[Rutland, Vermont|Rutland]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Sonia Zoidou
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|María del Rosario Molina
|16
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Keiko Takahashi
|21
|Tokyo
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Pastora Pagán
|18
|San Pedro Sula
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|Margaret Rowe
|19
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ilana Carmel
|19
|Tientsin
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Elena Fancera
|20
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Cathy Diggles
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Clemencia Martínez
|19
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gilda Marín
|24
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Lebanon|Líbano]]'''
|Hanya Beydoun
|19
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Yolanda Mayén
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Mehiko|Tijuana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]'''
|Rosa Argentina Lacayo
|19
|[[Managua]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Solveig Borstad
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Yvonne de los Reyes
|
|[[Arayat]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Sirkku Talja
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Carmen Laura Betancourt
|
|Trujillo Alto
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Petit
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|'''Hillevi Rombin'''
|21
|Uppsala
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kim Mee-chong
|21
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Rosa Merello Catalán
|18
|[[Antofagasta]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Inge Hoffmann
|19
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Jamaica|West Indies]]'''
|Noreen Campbell
|
|[[Port of Spain]]
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
5qn31z5iul2hujfiuy7jfvepcz6odf0
1963932
1963931
2022-08-20T00:51:59Z
Allyriana000
119761
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Contestants ==
=== Miss Universe 1952 ===
Mga sanggunian:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Shirley Burnett<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=30 Setyembre 2016 |title=The first (1952) Miss U pageant |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2016/09/30/1628771/first-1952-miss-u-pageant |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref>
|
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Renate Hoy<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1952 |title=18-year old beauty defeats girls from 29 other nations |language=en |pages=4 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QP9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2930%2C7987739 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Leah MacCartney<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Melbourne]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Myriam Lynn<ref name=":1" />
|25
|Eynatten
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Sofía Silva<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galicia |first=Elier |date=7 Hunyo 2022 |title=¿Quién era Sofía Silva Inserri, la primera Miss Venezuela de la historia? |url=https://nuevodia.com.ve/2022/06/07/quien-era-sofia-silva-inserri-la-primera-miss-venezuela-de-la-historia/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref>
|23
|Tumeremo
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Hanne Sørensen<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Copenhague]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Jacqueleen Loughery<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1952 |title=Named "Miss U.S.," seeks world title |language=en |pages=1 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pv9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1192%2C7267286 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Brooklyn]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gran Britanya]]'''
|Aileen Chase<ref name=":1" />
|21
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Ntaizy Mavraki<ref name=":0" />
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Himeko Kojima
|20
|[[Prepektura ng Osaka|Osaka]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Elza Edsman<ref name=":0" />
|19
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Judy Dan<ref name=":0" />
|21
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]'''
|Indrani Rahman<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Mayo 2016 |title=Indrani Rahman Was Married With A Kid When She Represented India At The First Miss Universe! |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/indrani-rahman-was-married-with-a-kid-when-she-went-on-to-become-the-first-miss-universe-in-1952_-255340.html |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|22
|Chennai
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ora Vered<ref name=":1" />
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Giovanna Mazzotti<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Lombardia]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Ruth Carrier<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gladys López<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Olga Llorens Pérez<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Silvia Derbez y el día que representó a San Luis Potosí en Miss México |url=https://sanluis.eluniversal.com.mx/mas-de-san-luis/silvia-derbez-y-el-dia-que-represento-san-luis-potosi-en-miss-mexico |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=San Luis Potosí |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Chihuahua
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Eva Røine<ref name=":1" />
|24
|Mysen
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Elzibir Gisela Malek<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Cocle
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Ada Gabriela Bueno<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Apurimac
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Teresita Sanchez<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Malolos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|'''[[Armi Kuusela]]'''<ref name=":0" />
|17
|Muhos
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Marilia Levy Bernal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez Caraballo |first=Harry |date=11 Agosto 2022 |title=Estos son los pueblos que más han ganado coronas en Miss Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2022/08/11/estos-son-los-pueblos-que-mas-han-ganado-coronas-en-miss-puerto-rico/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Metro Puerto Rico |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Lares
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Goddart<ref name=":1" />
|22
|[[Burdeos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Anne Marie Thistler<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Catherine Higgins<ref name=":1" />
|19
|Transvaal
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Esther Saavedra<ref name=":1" />
|23
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Gelengul Tayforoglu<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Ankara]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Gladys Rubio Fajardo<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1953 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Muriel Hagberg
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Christel Schaack
|18
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Maxine Morgan
|20
|[[Sydney]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
|Lore Felger
|18
|[[Viena]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Elayne Cortois
|23
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Gisela Bolaños
|18
|Valencia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Jytte Olsen
|18
|Gilleleje
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Myrna Hansen
|18
|[[Chicago]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Doreta Xirou
|
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Kinuko Ito
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Aileen Stone
|20
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Rita Stazzi
|21
|[[Milan]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Thelma Elizabeth Brewis
|21
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Ana Bertha Lepe
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Synnøve Gulbrandsen
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Emita Arosemena
|22
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Mary Ann Sarmiento
|
|Ucayali
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Cristina Pacheco
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Teija Anneli Sopanen
|20
|Tampere
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Wanda Irizarry
|20
|Río Piedras
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|'''Christiane Martel'''
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ulla Sandkler
|18
|Gothenburg
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]'''
|Danielle Oudinet
|
|Lausanne
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Ingrid Rita Mills
|20
|Salisbury
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Ayten Akyol
|21
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ada Alicia Ibáñez
|23
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1954 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Charlein Lander
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Regina Ernst
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad ng Lalawigan ng Pavia|Bremen]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Ivana Olga Kislinger
|22
|Temperley
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Shirley Bliss
|20
|Narrandera
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Bagong Silandiya]]'''
|Moana Manley
|18
|Auckland
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Christiane Neckaerts
|19
|Nodebais
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Martha Rocha
|21
|Salvador
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Myrna Ros Orozco
|20
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|'''Miriam Stevenson'''
|21
|Winnsboro
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Rika Dialina
|22
|[[Creta|Heraklion]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Mieko Kondo
|18
|[[Nagoya]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Lilliam Padilla
|21
|[[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Virginia June Lee
|20
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Aviva Pe’er
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Maria Teresa Paliani
|18
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Joyce Mary Landry
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Marian Esquivel
|18
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Isis Finlay
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Elvira Castillo Olivera
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Mona Stornes
|19
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Liliana Torre
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Isabella León
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Lima]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Blesilda Ocampo
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Lenita Airisto
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Lucy Santiago
|23
|San Juan
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Jacqueline Beer
|21
|Bois-Colombes
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Singapore (1952–1959).svg}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]'''
|Marjorie Wee
|21
|Singapura
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ragnhild Olausson
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
|Amara Asavananda
|18
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kae Sun-hee
|19
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Gloria Leguisos
|21
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ana Moreno
|22
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Jamaica|West Indies]]'''
|Evelyn Andrade
|18
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1955 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Lorna McLeod
|21
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Margit Nünke
|24
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Isabel Sarli
|25
|Concordia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Nicole De Mayer
|
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Susana Duijm
|18
|Aragua de Barcelona
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Emília Barreto
|18
|Sobral
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]'''
|Maureen Hingert
|18
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|Leonor Carcache
|20
|Guayaquil
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Maribel Arrieta
|19
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Carlene King Johnson
|22
|[[Rutland, Vermont|Rutland]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Sonia Zoidou
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|María del Rosario Molina
|16
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Keiko Takahashi
|21
|Tokyo
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Pastora Pagán
|18
|San Pedro Sula
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|Margaret Rowe
|19
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ilana Carmel
|19
|Tientsin
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Elena Fancera
|20
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Cathy Diggles
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Clemencia Martínez
|19
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gilda Marín
|24
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Lebanon|Líbano]]'''
|Hanya Beydoun
|19
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Yolanda Mayén
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Mehiko|Tijuana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]'''
|Rosa Argentina Lacayo
|19
|[[Managua]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Solveig Borstad
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Yvonne de los Reyes
|
|[[Arayat]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Sirkku Talja
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Carmen Laura Betancourt
|
|Trujillo Alto
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Petit
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|'''Hillevi Rombin'''
|21
|Uppsala
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kim Mee-chong
|21
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Rosa Merello Catalán
|18
|[[Antofagasta]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Inge Hoffmann
|19
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Trinidad at Tobago|West Indies]]'''
|Noreen Campbell
|
|[[Port of Spain]]
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
pr73gadqnfqvtacytbdoaou4nwh7f83
1963939
1963932
2022-08-20T05:49:11Z
Allyriana000
119761
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Contestants ==
=== Miss Universe 1952 ===
Mga sanggunian:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Shirley Burnett<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=30 Setyembre 2016 |title=The first (1952) Miss U pageant |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2016/09/30/1628771/first-1952-miss-u-pageant |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref>
|
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Renate Hoy<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1952 |title=18-year old beauty defeats girls from 29 other nations |language=en |pages=4 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QP9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2930%2C7987739 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Leah MacCartney<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Melbourne]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Myriam Lynn<ref name=":1" />
|25
|Eynatten
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Sofía Silva<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galicia |first=Elier |date=7 Hunyo 2022 |title=¿Quién era Sofía Silva Inserri, la primera Miss Venezuela de la historia? |url=https://nuevodia.com.ve/2022/06/07/quien-era-sofia-silva-inserri-la-primera-miss-venezuela-de-la-historia/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref>
|23
|Tumeremo
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Hanne Sørensen<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Copenhague]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Jacqueleen Loughery<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1952 |title=Named "Miss U.S.," seeks world title |language=en |pages=1 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pv9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1192%2C7267286 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Brooklyn]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gran Britanya]]'''
|Aileen Chase<ref name=":1" />
|21
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Ntaizy Mavraki<ref name=":0" />
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Himeko Kojima
|20
|[[Prepektura ng Osaka|Osaka]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Elza Edsman<ref name=":0" />
|19
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Judy Dan<ref name=":0" />
|21
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]'''
|Indrani Rahman<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Mayo 2016 |title=Indrani Rahman Was Married With A Kid When She Represented India At The First Miss Universe! |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/indrani-rahman-was-married-with-a-kid-when-she-went-on-to-become-the-first-miss-universe-in-1952_-255340.html |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|22
|Chennai
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ora Vered<ref name=":1" />
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Giovanna Mazzotti<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Lombardia]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Ruth Carrier<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gladys López<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Olga Llorens Pérez<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Silvia Derbez y el día que representó a San Luis Potosí en Miss México |url=https://sanluis.eluniversal.com.mx/mas-de-san-luis/silvia-derbez-y-el-dia-que-represento-san-luis-potosi-en-miss-mexico |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=San Luis Potosí |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Chihuahua
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Eva Røine<ref name=":1" />
|24
|Mysen
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Elzibir Gisela Malek<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Cocle
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Ada Gabriela Bueno<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Apurimac
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Teresita Sanchez<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Malolos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|'''[[Armi Kuusela]]'''<ref name=":0" />
|17
|Muhos
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Marilia Levy Bernal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez Caraballo |first=Harry |date=11 Agosto 2022 |title=Estos son los pueblos que más han ganado coronas en Miss Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2022/08/11/estos-son-los-pueblos-que-mas-han-ganado-coronas-en-miss-puerto-rico/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Metro Puerto Rico |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Lares
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Goddart<ref name=":1" />
|22
|[[Burdeos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Anne Marie Thistler<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Catherine Higgins<ref name=":1" />
|19
|Transvaal
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Esther Saavedra<ref name=":1" />
|23
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Gelengul Tayforoglu<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Ankara]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Gladys Rubio Fajardo<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1953 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Muriel Hagberg
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Christel Schaack
|18
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Maxine Morgan
|20
|[[Sydney]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
|Lore Felger
|18
|[[Viena]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Elayne Cortois
|23
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Gisela Bolaños
|18
|Valencia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Jytte Olsen
|18
|Gilleleje
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Myrna Hansen
|18
|[[Chicago]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Doreta Xirou
|
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Kinuko Ito
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Aileen Stone
|20
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Rita Stazzi
|21
|[[Milan]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Thelma Elizabeth Brewis
|21
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Ana Bertha Lepe
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Synnøve Gulbrandsen
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Emita Arosemena
|22
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Mary Ann Sarmiento
|
|Ucayali
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Cristina Pacheco
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Teija Anneli Sopanen
|20
|Tampere
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Wanda Irizarry
|20
|Río Piedras
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|'''Christiane Martel'''
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ulla Sandkler
|18
|Gothenburg
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]'''
|Danielle Oudinet
|
|Lausanne
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Ingrid Rita Mills
|20
|Salisbury
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Ayten Akyol
|21
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ada Alicia Ibáñez
|23
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1954 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Charlein Lander
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Regina Ernst
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad ng Lalawigan ng Pavia|Bremen]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Ivana Olga Kislinger
|22
|Temperley
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Shirley Bliss
|20
|Narrandera
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Bagong Silandiya]]'''
|Moana Manley
|18
|Auckland
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Christiane Neckaerts
|19
|Nodebais
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Martha Rocha
|21
|Salvador
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Myrna Ros Orozco
|20
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|'''Miriam Stevenson'''
|21
|Winnsboro
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Rika Dialina
|22
|[[Creta|Heraklion]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Mieko Kondo
|18
|[[Nagoya]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Lilliam Padilla
|21
|[[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Virginia June Lee
|20
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Aviva Pe’er
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Maria Teresa Paliani
|18
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Joyce Mary Landry
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Marian Esquivel
|18
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Isis Finlay
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Elvira Castillo Olivera
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Mona Stornes
|19
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Liliana Torre
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Isabella León
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Lima]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Blesilda Ocampo
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Lenita Airisto
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Lucy Santiago
|23
|San Juan
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Jacqueline Beer
|21
|Bois-Colombes
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Singapore (1952–1959).svg}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]'''
|Marjorie Wee
|21
|Singapura
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ragnhild Olausson
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
|Amara Asavananda
|18
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kae Sun-hee
|19
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Gloria Leguisos
|21
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ana Moreno
|22
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Jamaica|West Indies]]'''
|Evelyn Andrade
|18
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1955 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Lorna McLeod
|21
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Margit Nünke
|24
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Isabel Sarli
|25
|Concordia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Nicole De Mayer
|
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Susana Duijm
|18
|Aragua de Barcelona
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Emília Barreto
|18
|Sobral
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]'''
|Maureen Hingert
|18
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|Leonor Carcache
|20
|Guayaquil
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Maribel Arrieta
|19
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Carlene King Johnson
|22
|[[Rutland, Vermont|Rutland]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Sonia Zoidou
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|María del Rosario Molina
|16
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Keiko Takahashi
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Pastora Pagán
|18
|San Pedro Sula
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|Margaret Rowe
|19
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ilana Carmel
|19
|Tientsin
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Elena Fancera
|20
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Cathy Diggles
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Clemencia Martínez
|19
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gilda Marín
|24
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Lebanon|Líbano]]'''
|Hanya Beydoun
|19
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Yolanda Mayén
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Mehiko|Tijuana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]'''
|Rosa Argentina Lacayo
|19
|[[Managua]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Solveig Borstad
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Yvonne de los Reyes
|
|[[Arayat]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Sirkku Talja
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Carmen Laura Betancourt
|
|Trujillo Alto
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Petit
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|'''Hillevi Rombin'''
|21
|Uppsala
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kim Mee-chong
|21
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Rosa Merello Catalán
|18
|[[Antofagasta]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Inge Hoffmann
|19
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Trinidad at Tobago|West Indies]]'''
|Noreen Campbell
|
|[[Port of Spain]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1956 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''British Guiana'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''[[Iceland|Lupangyelo]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''[[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
|
|
|
|-
||'''{{flagicon|PER}} [[Peru]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Pilipinas]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''[[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|
|
|
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|
|
|
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
7y7dxjlrjhmj3b21kf0frwwgqt677cf
1963948
1963939
2022-08-20T07:56:18Z
Allyriana000
119761
wikitext
text/x-wiki
== Contestants ==
=== Miss Universe 1952 ===
Mga sanggunian:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Shirley Burnett<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=30 Setyembre 2016 |title=The first (1952) Miss U pageant |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2016/09/30/1628771/first-1952-miss-u-pageant |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref>
|
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Renate Hoy<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1952 |title=18-year old beauty defeats girls from 29 other nations |language=en |pages=4 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QP9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2930%2C7987739 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Leah MacCartney<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Melbourne]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Myriam Lynn<ref name=":1" />
|25
|Eynatten
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Sofía Silva<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galicia |first=Elier |date=7 Hunyo 2022 |title=¿Quién era Sofía Silva Inserri, la primera Miss Venezuela de la historia? |url=https://nuevodia.com.ve/2022/06/07/quien-era-sofia-silva-inserri-la-primera-miss-venezuela-de-la-historia/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Nuevo Día |language=es}}</ref>
|23
|Tumeremo
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Hanne Sørensen<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Copenhague]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Jacqueleen Loughery<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1952 |title=Named "Miss U.S.," seeks world title |language=en |pages=1 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Pv9fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=01cMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1192%2C7267286 |access-date=12 Agosto 2022}}</ref>
|21
|[[Brooklyn]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gran Britanya]]'''
|Aileen Chase<ref name=":1" />
|21
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Ntaizy Mavraki<ref name=":0" />
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Himeko Kojima
|20
|[[Prepektura ng Osaka|Osaka]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Elza Edsman<ref name=":0" />
|19
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Judy Dan<ref name=":0" />
|21
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]'''
|Indrani Rahman<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 Mayo 2016 |title=Indrani Rahman Was Married With A Kid When She Represented India At The First Miss Universe! |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/culture/who-we-are/indrani-rahman-was-married-with-a-kid-when-she-went-on-to-become-the-first-miss-universe-in-1952_-255340.html |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=India Times |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|22
|Chennai
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ora Vered<ref name=":1" />
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Giovanna Mazzotti<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Lombardia]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Ruth Carrier<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gladys López<ref name=":1" />
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Olga Llorens Pérez<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Silvia Derbez y el día que representó a San Luis Potosí en Miss México |url=https://sanluis.eluniversal.com.mx/mas-de-san-luis/silvia-derbez-y-el-dia-que-represento-san-luis-potosi-en-miss-mexico |access-date=2022-08-08 |website=San Luis Potosí |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Chihuahua
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Eva Røine<ref name=":1" />
|24
|Mysen
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Elzibir Gisela Malek<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Cocle
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Ada Gabriela Bueno<ref name=":1" />
|18
|Apurimac
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Teresita Sanchez<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Malolos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|'''[[Armi Kuusela]]'''<ref name=":0" />
|17
|Muhos
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Marilia Levy Bernal<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodríguez Caraballo |first=Harry |date=11 Agosto 2022 |title=Estos son los pueblos que más han ganado coronas en Miss Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2022/08/11/estos-son-los-pueblos-que-mas-han-ganado-coronas-en-miss-puerto-rico/ |access-date=13 Agosto 2022 |website=Metro Puerto Rico |language=es}}</ref>
|
|Lares
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Goddart<ref name=":1" />
|22
|[[Burdeos]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Anne Marie Thistler<ref name=":1" />
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Catherine Higgins<ref name=":1" />
|19
|Transvaal
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Esther Saavedra<ref name=":1" />
|23
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Gelengul Tayforoglu<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Ankara]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Gladys Rubio Fajardo<ref name=":1" />
|
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1953 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Muriel Hagberg
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Christel Schaack
|18
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Maxine Morgan
|20
|[[Sydney]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austriya]]'''
|Lore Felger
|18
|[[Viena]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Elayne Cortois
|23
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Gisela Bolaños
|18
|Valencia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]'''
|Jytte Olsen
|18
|Gilleleje
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Myrna Hansen
|18
|[[Chicago]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Doreta Xirou
|
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Kinuko Ito
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Hawaii}} [[Hawaii]]'''
|Aileen Stone
|20
|[[Honolulu]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Rita Stazzi
|21
|[[Milan]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Thelma Elizabeth Brewis
|21
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Ana Bertha Lepe
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Synnøve Gulbrandsen
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Emita Arosemena
|22
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Mary Ann Sarmiento
|
|Ucayali
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Cristina Pacheco
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Teija Anneli Sopanen
|20
|Tampere
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Wanda Irizarry
|20
|Río Piedras
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|'''Christiane Martel'''
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ulla Sandkler
|18
|Gothenburg
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]'''
|Danielle Oudinet
|
|Lausanne
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928–1994).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]'''
|Ingrid Rita Mills
|20
|Salisbury
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Ayten Akyol
|21
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ada Alicia Ibáñez
|23
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1954 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Charlein Lander
|18
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Regina Ernst
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad ng Lalawigan ng Pavia|Bremen]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Ivana Olga Kislinger
|22
|Temperley
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]'''
|Shirley Bliss
|20
|Narrandera
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Bagong Silandiya]]'''
|Moana Manley
|18
|Auckland
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Christiane Neckaerts
|19
|Nodebais
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Martha Rocha
|21
|Salvador
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Myrna Ros Orozco
|20
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|'''Miriam Stevenson'''
|21
|Winnsboro
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Rika Dialina
|22
|[[Creta|Heraklion]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Mieko Kondo
|18
|[[Nagoya]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Lilliam Padilla
|21
|[[Tegucigalpa]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]'''
|Virginia June Lee
|20
|Hong Kong
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Aviva Pe’er
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Maria Teresa Paliani
|18
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Joyce Mary Landry
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Marian Esquivel
|18
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San Jose]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Isis Finlay
|20
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Elvira Castillo Olivera
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Mona Stornes
|19
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{PAN}}'''
|Liliana Torre
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|'''{{PER}}'''
|Isabella León
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Lima]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Blesilda Ocampo
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Lenita Airisto
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Lucy Santiago
|23
|San Juan
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Jacqueline Beer
|21
|Bois-Colombes
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Singapore (1952–1959).svg}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]'''
|Marjorie Wee
|21
|Singapura
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ragnhild Olausson
|19
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]'''
|Amara Asavananda
|18
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kae Sun-hee
|19
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Gloria Leguisos
|21
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Ana Moreno
|22
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Jamaica|West Indies]]'''
|Evelyn Andrade
|18
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1955 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Lorna McLeod
|21
|Fairbanks
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Margit Nünke
|24
|[[Munich]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Isabel Sarli
|25
|Concordia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Nicole De Mayer
|
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Susana Duijm
|18
|Aragua de Barcelona
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Emília Barreto
|18
|Sobral
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]]'''
|Maureen Hingert
|18
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|Leonor Carcache
|20
|Guayaquil
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador|El Salbador]]'''
|Maribel Arrieta
|19
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|Carlene King Johnson
|22
|[[Rutland, Vermont|Rutland]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Sonia Zoidou
|18
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|María del Rosario Molina
|16
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Keiko Takahashi
|21
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]'''
|Pastora Pagán
|18
|San Pedro Sula
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|Margaret Rowe
|19
|[[Londres]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Ilana Carmel
|19
|Tientsin
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Elena Fancera
|20
|[[Roma]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Cathy Diggles
|20
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Clemencia Martínez
|19
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Gilda Marín
|24
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Lebanon|Líbano]]'''
|Hanya Beydoun
|19
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Yolanda Mayén
|18
|[[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Mehiko|Tijuana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]'''
|Rosa Argentina Lacayo
|19
|[[Managua]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]'''
|Solveig Borstad
|23
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Miss Universe Philippines|Pilipinas]]'''
|Yvonne de los Reyes
|
|[[Arayat]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|Sirkku Talja
|18
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Carmen Laura Betancourt
|
|Trujillo Alto
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Claude Petit
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|'''Hillevi Rombin'''
|21
|Uppsala
|-
|'''{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]'''
|Kim Mee-chong
|21
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Rosa Merello Catalán
|18
|[[Antofagasta]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Inge Hoffmann
|19
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962).svg}}''' '''[[Trinidad at Tobago|West Indies]]'''
|Noreen Campbell
|
|[[Port of Spain]]
|}
=== Miss Universe 1956 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad
!Bayan
|-
|'''{{flag|Alaska}}'''
|Barbara Maria Sellar
|
|[[Fairbanks, Alaska|Fairbanks]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GER}} [[Alemanya]]'''
|Marina Orschel
|19
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]'''
|Ileana Carré
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]'''
|Lucienne Auquier
|19
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|Blanca Heredia
|22
|[[Caracas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]'''
|Maria José Cardoso
|21
|Porto Alegre
|-
|[[Guyana|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of British Guiana (1955–1966).svg}}''' '''British Guiana''']]
|Rosalind Iva Joan Fung
|
|[[Georgetown]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]'''
|Mercedes Flores
|24
|Guayaquil
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg}} [[Estados Unidos]]'''
|'''Carol Morris'''
|20
|[[Des Moines]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]'''
|Rita Gouma
|20
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]'''
|Ileana Garlinger
|
|Chiquimula
|-
|'''{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]'''
|Yoshie Baba
|19
|Aizuwakamatsu
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} '''[[Inglatera]]'''
|Iris Alice Kathleen Waller
|19
|Gateshead
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]'''
|Sara Tal
|22
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]'''
|Rossana Galli
|21
|Lazio
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Canada|variant=1921}} [[Canada|Kanada]]'''
|Elaine Bishenden
|18
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]'''
|Anabella Granados
|16
|Heredia
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]'''
|Marcia Rodríguez
|19
|[[Havana]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Iceland|Lupangyelo]]'''
|Guðlaug Guðmundsdóttir
|19
|[[Reikiavik]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]'''
|Erna Marta Bauman
|18
|[[Lungsod ng Mehiko]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]'''
|Rita Schmidt
|21
|Hilagang Olanda
|-
||'''{{flagicon|PER}} [[Peru]]'''
|Lola Sabogal
|21
|[[Lungsod ng Lima]]
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Pilipinas]]'''
|Isabel Rodriguez
|
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]'''
|Paquita Vivo
|
|San Lorenzo
|-
|'''{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Pransiya]]'''
|Anita Treyens
|18
|[[Paris]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]'''
|Olga Fiallo
|
|Santiago
|-
|'''{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]'''
|Ingrid Goude
|19
|Sandviken
|-
|'''{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]'''
|Concepción Obach Chacana
|19
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey|Turkya]]'''
|Can Yusal
|18
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]'''
|Titina Aguirre
|19
|[[Montevideo]]
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
9v3y4uw3wpvubay9rj057i5b25xi5fi
Brujas
0
319221
1963914
2022-08-19T13:42:04Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1105213157|Bruges]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Belgium municipality|65=20.09|name=Bruges|native_name={{native name|nl|Brugge}}|picture=Bruges Belgium De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg|picture-legend=The {{Interlanguage link multi|Rozenhoedkaai|nl}} (canal) in Bruges with the [[Belfry of Bruges|belfry]] in the background|map=Brugge West-Flanders Belgium Map.svg|map-legend=Location of Bruges in West Flanders|arms=BEL COA Bruges.svg|flag=Flag of Bruges.svg|region={{BE-REG-FLE}}|community={{BE-NL}}|province={{BE-PROV-WV}}|arrondissement=[[Arrondissement of Bruges|Bruges]]|nis=31005|pyramid-date=1 January 2006|0-19=20.57|20-64=59.34|foreigners=3.52|foreigners-date=1 January 2007|mayor=[[Dirk De fauw]] (CD&V)|majority=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[Vooruit (political party)|Vooruit]], [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open VLD]]|postal-codes=8000, 8200, 8310, 8380|telephone-area=050|web={{URL|www.visitbruges.be/en}}|coordinates={{coord|51|12|32|N|03|13|27|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}|module={{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child = yes
| official_name = Historic Centre of Brugge
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iv)(vi)}}(ii)(iv)(vi)
| ID = 996
| year = 2000
| area = {{convert|410|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|168|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}}}
Ang '''Brujas''' o '''Bruges''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|uː|ʒ}} {{Respell|BRUHGZH}}, {{Lang-nl|'''Brugge'''}} [ˈbrʏɣə] {{IPA-nl|ˈbrʏɣə||nl-Brugge.ogg}}) ay ang kabesera at pinakamalaking lungsod ng [[Mga lalawigan ng Belhika|lalawigan]] ng [[Kanlurang Flandes]] sa [[Rehiyong Flandes]] ng [[Belhika]], sa hilagang-kanluran ng bansa, at ang ikaanim na pinakamalaking lungsod ng bansa ayon sa populasyon.
Ang lawak ng buong lungsod ay umaabot sa higit sa 13,840 ektarya (138.4 km <sup>2</sup> ; 53.44 sq miles), kabilang ang 1,075 ektarya sa baybayin, sa [[Zeebrugge]] (mula sa {{Lang|nl|Brugge aan zee}},<ref>{{cite book|title=Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen 1807-1914|first1=Hugo|last1=Degraer|publisher=Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan|year=1968|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> na nangangahulugang 'Brujas sa tabi ng Dagat').<ref>{{cite book|title=Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism|edition=3|first1=Brian G.|last1=Boniface|first2=Christopher P.|last2=Cooper|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7506-4231-6|page=140|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC}}</ref> Ang makasaysayang sentro ng lungsod ay isang kilalang [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]] ng [[UNESCO]]. Ito ay hugis-itlog at humigit-kumulang 430 ektarya ang sukat. Ang kabuuang populasyon ng lungsod ay 117,073 (Enero 1, 2008),<ref name="BelMun20082">[http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls Statistics Belgium; ''Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008'' ('''excel-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126165629/http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls|date=26 January 2009}} Population of all municipalities in Belgium, as of 1 January 2008.</ref> kung saan humigit-kumulang 20,000 ang nakatira sa sentro ng lungsod. Ang [[kalakhang pook]], kabilang ang sona ng panlabas na pamamasahe, ay sumasaklaw sa lawak na {{Convert|616|km²|0}} at may kabuuang 255,844 na naninirahan mula noong 1 Enero 1, 2008.<ref name="BelMetr2">[http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf Statistics Belgium; ''De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001'' ('''pdf-file''')] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029020131/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf|date=29 October 2008}} Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium.</ref>
Kasama ng ilang iba pang lungsod sa hilagang nakabatay sa kanal, gaya ng [[Amsterdam]] at [[San Petersburgo]], kung minsan ay tinutukoy ito bilang [[Venecia ng Hilaga]]. Ang Brujas ay may malaking kahalagahan sa ekonomiya, salamat sa [[Brujas#pantalan|daungan]] nito, at sa isang banda ay isa sa mga pangunahing lungsod sa komersyo sa mundo.<ref name="world and its people2">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|title=The World and Its People|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n166|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=158}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charlier |first=Roger H. |author-link=Roger Charlier |date=2005 |title=Grandeur, Decadence and Renaissance |journal=Journal of Coastal Research |pages=425–447 |jstor=25737011 |quote=Rise, fall and resurrection make up the life story of Bruges, a city that glittered in Northern Europe with as much panache as Venice did in the Mediterranean World.}}</ref> Ang Brujas ay isang destinasyon ng turismo sa loob ng Belhika, at kilala bilang luklukan ng [[Kolehiyo ng Europa]], isang suriang pamantasan para sa araling Europeo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adam Fleming |date=25 October 2013 |title=College of Europe in Bruges: Home of Thatcher speech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-24662050 |access-date=10 July 2015 |website=BBC}}</ref>
== Mga Tala ==
{{Reflist}}
== Karagdagang pagbabasa ==
* {{cite book|last=Murray|first=James M.|title=Bruges, Cradle of Capitalism 1280–1390|year=2005}}
* {{Cite web |last=Sewell |first=Abby |year=2018 |title=Discover Belgium's Beautiful Medieval City |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/brugge-bruges-unesco-world-heritage-guide/ |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |format=video+text}}
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* {{Official website|https://bezoekers.brugge.be/en}} {{In lang|en}}
* {{Wikisource-inline|list=**{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Bruges|volume=4|short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bruges |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bruges|year=1920|short=x |noicon=x}}}}{{Wikisource-inline|list=**{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Bruges|volume=4|short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bruges |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bruges|year=1920|short=x |noicon=x}}}}
{{Geographic location|Centre=Bruges|North=''[[North Sea]]''|Northeast=[[Knokke-Heist]]|East=[[Damme]]|Southeast=[[Beernem]]|South=[[Oostkamp]]|Southwest=[[Zedelgem]]|West=[[Zuienkerke]]<br />[[Jabbeke]]|Northwest=[[Blankenberge]]}}{{Municipalities in West Flanders}}{{Kabiserang Kultural sa Europa}}{{World Heritage Sites in Belgium}}{{Hanseatic League}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Olandes ng CS1 (nl)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong may hAudio microformats]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Olandes]]
sjn0y5x96q5fog61uakka43hnadqniw
1963920
1963914
2022-08-19T14:18:17Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Belgium municipality|65=20.09|name=Brujas|native_name={{native name|nl|Brugge}}|picture=Bruges Belgium De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg|picture-legend=Ang {{Interlanguage link multi|Rozenhoedkaai|nl}} (kanal) sa Brujas kasama ang [[kampanaryo ng Bruges|belfry]] sa likuran|map=Brugge West-Flanders Belgium Map.svg|map-legend=Kinaroroonan ng Bruges sa Kanlurang Flandes|arms=BEL COA Bruges.svg|flag=Flag of Bruges.svg|region={{BE-REG-FLE}}|community={{BE-NL}}|province={{BE-PROV-WV}}|arrondissement=[[Mga distrito ng Brujas|Brujas]]|nis=31005|pyramid-date=January 1, 2006|0-19=20.57|20-64=59.34|foreigners=3.52|foreigners-date=January 1, 2007|mayor=[[Dirk De fauw]] (CD&V)|majority=[[Christian Democratic and Flemish|CD&V]], [[Vooruit (political party)|Vooruit]], [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|Open VLD]]|postal-codes=8000, 8200, 8310, 8380|telephone-area=050|web={{URL|www.visitbruges.be/en}}|coordinates={{coord|51|12|32|N|03|13|27|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}|module={{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
| child = yes
| official_name = Historic Centre of Brugge
| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii)(iv)(vi)}}(ii)(iv)(vi)
| ID = 996
| year = 2000
| area = {{convert|410|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
| buffer_zone = {{convert|168|ha|acre|abbr=on}}
}}}}
Ang '''Brujas''' o '''Bruges''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|uː|ʒ}} {{Respell|BRUHGZH}}, {{Lang-nl|'''Brugge'''}} [ˈbrʏɣə] {{IPA-nl|ˈbrʏɣə||nl-Brugge.ogg}}) ay ang kabesera at pinakamalaking lungsod ng [[Mga lalawigan ng Belhika|lalawigan]] ng [[Kanlurang Flandes]] sa [[Rehiyong Flandes]] ng [[Belhika]], sa hilagang-kanluran ng bansa, at ang ikaanim na pinakamalaking lungsod ng bansa ayon sa populasyon.
Ang lawak ng buong lungsod ay umaabot sa higit sa 13,840 ektarya (138.4 km <sup>2</sup> ; 53.44 sq miles), kabilang ang 1,075 ektarya sa baybayin, sa [[Zeebrugge]] (mula sa {{Lang|nl|Brugge aan zee}},<ref>{{cite book|title=Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen 1807-1914|first1=Hugo|last1=Degraer|publisher=Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan|year=1968|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> na nangangahulugang 'Brujas sa tabi ng Dagat').<ref>{{cite book|title=Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism|edition=3|first1=Brian G.|last1=Boniface|first2=Christopher P.|last2=Cooper|publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7506-4231-6|page=140|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC}}</ref> Ang makasaysayang sentro ng lungsod ay isang kilalang [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]] ng [[UNESCO]]. Ito ay hugis-itlog at humigit-kumulang 430 ektarya ang sukat. Ang kabuuang populasyon ng lungsod ay 117,073 (Enero 1, 2008),<ref name="BelMun20082">[http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls Statistics Belgium; ''Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008'' ('''excel-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126165629/http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls|date=26 January 2009}} Population of all municipalities in Belgium, as of 1 January 2008.</ref> kung saan humigit-kumulang 20,000 ang nakatira sa sentro ng lungsod. Ang [[kalakhang pook]], kabilang ang sona ng panlabas na pamamasahe, ay sumasaklaw sa lawak na {{Convert|616|km²|0}} at may kabuuang 255,844 na naninirahan mula noong 1 Enero 1, 2008.<ref name="BelMetr2">[http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf Statistics Belgium; ''De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001'' ('''pdf-file''')] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029020131/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf|date=29 October 2008}} Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium.</ref>
Kasama ng ilang iba pang lungsod sa hilagang nakabatay sa kanal, gaya ng [[Amsterdam]] at [[San Petersburgo]], kung minsan ay tinutukoy ito bilang [[Venecia ng Hilaga]]. Ang Brujas ay may malaking kahalagahan sa ekonomiya, salamat sa [[Brujas#pantalan|daungan]] nito, at sa isang banda ay isa sa mga pangunahing lungsod sa komersyo sa mundo.<ref name="world and its people2">{{cite book|last=Dunton|first=Larkin|title=The World and Its People|url=https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n166|publisher=Silver, Burdett|year=1896|page=158}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Charlier |first=Roger H. |author-link=Roger Charlier |date=2005 |title=Grandeur, Decadence and Renaissance |journal=Journal of Coastal Research |pages=425–447 |jstor=25737011 |quote=Rise, fall and resurrection make up the life story of Bruges, a city that glittered in Northern Europe with as much panache as Venice did in the Mediterranean World.}}</ref> Ang Brujas ay isang destinasyon ng turismo sa loob ng Belhika, at kilala bilang luklukan ng [[Kolehiyo ng Europa]], isang suriang pamantasan para sa araling Europeo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adam Fleming |date=25 October 2013 |title=College of Europe in Bruges: Home of Thatcher speech |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-24662050 |access-date=10 July 2015 |website=BBC}}</ref>
== Mga Tala ==
{{Reflist}}
== Karagdagang pagbabasa ==
* {{cite book|last=Murray|first=James M.|title=Bruges, Cradle of Capitalism 1280–1390|year=2005}}
* {{Cite web |last=Sewell |first=Abby |year=2018 |title=Discover Belgium's Beautiful Medieval City |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/brugge-bruges-unesco-world-heritage-guide/ |website=[[National Geographic Society]] |format=video+text}}
== Mga panlabas na link ==
* {{Official website|https://bezoekers.brugge.be/en}} {{In lang|en}}
* {{Wikisource-inline|list=**{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Bruges|volume=4|short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bruges |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bruges|year=1920|short=x |noicon=x}}}}{{Wikisource-inline|list=**{{Cite EB9|wstitle=Bruges|volume=4|short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Bruges |short=x |noicon=x}}
**{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Bruges|year=1920|short=x |noicon=x}}}}
{{Geographic location|Centre=Bruges|North=''[[North Sea]]''|Northeast=[[Knokke-Heist]]|East=[[Damme]]|Southeast=[[Beernem]]|South=[[Oostkamp]]|Southwest=[[Zedelgem]]|West=[[Zuienkerke]]<br />[[Jabbeke]]|Northwest=[[Blankenberge]]}}{{Municipalities in West Flanders}}{{Kabiserang Kultural sa Europa}}{{World Heritage Sites in Belgium}}{{Hanseatic League}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Olandes ng CS1 (nl)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong may hAudio microformats]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Olandes]]
pgaqo0imirf8nd18h2oq4uhxgxkbgye
Padron:Infobox Belgium municipality
10
319222
1963915
2022-08-19T13:43:30Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Bagong pahina: <includeonly>{{Infobox settlement <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | name = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} | native_name = {{{native_name|}}} | native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang|}}} | other_name = {{#if:{{{namefr|}}} | {{native name|fr|{{{namefr}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namenl|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}} |<br/>}} {{native name|nl|{{{namenl}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namede|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}}|<br/...
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<includeonly>{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}
| native_name = {{{native_name|}}}
| native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang|}}}
| other_name = {{#if:{{{namefr|}}} | {{native name|fr|{{{namefr}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namenl|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}} |<br/>}} {{native name|nl|{{{namenl}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namede|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}}|<br/>|{{#if:{{{namenl|}}}|<br/>}}}} {{native name|de|{{{namede}}}}}}}
| settlement_type = [[Mga munisipalidad ng Belhika|Munisipalidad]]
| image_skyline = {{{picture|}}}
| image_caption = {{{picture-legend|}}}
| imagesize = {{{imagesize|250x210px}}}
| image_flag = {{{flag|}}}
| flag_size = 100x67px
| image_shield = {{{arms|}}}
| shield_size = 100x80px
| mapsize = 220x200px
| pushpin_map = Belgium
| pushpin_label = {{#if:{{{map_dot_label|}}} | {{{map_dot_label}}} | {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Belgium
<!-- Wedge district map in box after pushpin map -->{{#if:{{{map|}}}| {{hidden | title = {{{map-legend|Location of {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}} | content = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size=240x250px}} | titlestyle = font-size:115%; text-align: left; height:auto; padding:0.2em; padding-left:0.6em; padding-right:2em; | style = margin-top:2px; border:1px solid grey; | contentstyle = text-align: center; }}
}}
| coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|region:BE|type:city}}}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Belgium
| subdivision_type1 = [[Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium|Community]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Flemish Community]]<br/>[[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 23|24 = [[Flemish Community]] | 25 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Flemish Community]] | 5|8|9 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 6 = {{#switch: {{{nis|}}} | 63001|63012|63087|63013|63023|63040|63048|63061|63067 = {{BE-DE}} | #default = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }}|#default = community }}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Brussels]] | 23|24 = [[Flemish Region]] | 25 = [[Wallonia]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Flemish Region]] | 5|6|8|9 = [[Wallonia]] |#default = region }}
| subdivision_type3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = |#default = [[Provinces of Belgium|Province]] }}
| subdivision_name3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = | 23|24 = [[Flemish Brabant]] | 25 = [[Walloon Brabant]] }} | 1 = [[Antwerp (province)|Antwerp]] | 3 = [[West Flanders]] | 4 = [[East Flanders]] | 7 = [[Limburg (Belgium)|Limburg]] | 5 = [[Hainaut (province)|Hainaut]] | 6 = [[Liège (province)|Liège]] | 8 = [[Luxembourg (Belgium)|Luxembourg]] | 9 = [[Namur (province)|Namur]] |#default = province }}
| subdivision_type4 = [[Arrondissements of Belgium#Administrative|Arrondissement]]
| subdivision_name4 = {{{arrondissement|}}}
| leader_title = {{#if:{{{list_of_mayors|}}} | [[{{{list_of_mayors}}}|Mayor (list)]]| Mayor }}
| leader_name = {{{mayor|}}}
| leader_title1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | Governing party/ies }}
| leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | {{{majority}}} }}
| area_total_km2 = {{Infobox Belgium municipality/Geography|Geography={{{nis}}}}}
| population_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_total = {{wikidata|property|raw|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_as_of = 2018-01-01
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = {{{population_demonym|}}}
| postal_code_type = Postal codes
| postal_code = {{{postal-codes|}}}
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Belgium|Area codes]]
| area_code = {{{telephone-area|}}}
| website = {{{web|}}}
| footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}}
| module = {{{module|}}}
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here -->
</noinclude>
kfk6s5l52ijs73maxy1fdmfox18kmjy
1963916
1963915
2022-08-19T13:47:47Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<includeonly>{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}
| native_name = {{{native_name|}}}
| native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang|}}}
| other_name = {{#if:{{{namefr|}}} | {{native name|fr|{{{namefr}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namenl|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}} |<br/>}} {{native name|nl|{{{namenl}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namede|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}}|<br/>|{{#if:{{{namenl|}}}|<br/>}}}} {{native name|de|{{{namede}}}}}}}
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of Belgium|Municipality]]
| image_skyline = {{{picture|}}}
| image_caption = {{{picture-legend|}}}
| imagesize = {{{imagesize|250x210px}}}
| image_flag = {{{flag|}}}
| flag_size = 100x67px
| image_shield = {{{arms|}}}
| shield_size = 100x80px
| mapsize = 220x200px
| pushpin_map = Belgium
| pushpin_label = {{#if:{{{map_dot_label|}}} | {{{map_dot_label}}} | {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Belgium
<!-- Wedge district map in box after pushpin map -->{{#if:{{{map|}}}| {{hidden | title = {{{map-legend|Location of {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}} | content = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size=240x250px}} | titlestyle = font-size:115%; text-align: left; height:auto; padding:0.2em; padding-left:0.6em; padding-right:2em; | style = margin-top:2px; border:1px solid grey; | contentstyle = text-align: center; }}
}}
| coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|region:BE|type:city}}}}
| subdivision_type = Bansa
| subdivision_name = Belhika
| subdivision_type1 = [[Mga pamayanan, rehiyon, at pook pangwika ng Belhika|Pamayanan]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Flemish Community]]<br/>[[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 23|24 = [[Flemish Community]] | 25 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Flemish Community]] | 5|8|9 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 6 = {{#switch: {{{nis|}}} | 63001|63012|63087|63013|63023|63040|63048|63061|63067 = {{BE-DE}} | #default = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }}|#default = community }}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Mga pamayanan, rehiyon, at pook pangwika ng Belhika|Rehiyon]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Brussels]] | 23|24 = [[Flemish Region]] | 25 = [[Wallonia]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Flemish Region]] | 5|6|8|9 = [[Wallonia]] |#default = region }}
| subdivision_type3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = |#default = [[Mga lalawigan ng Belhika|Lalawigan]] }}
| subdivision_name3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = | 23|24 = [[Flemish Brabant]] | 25 = [[Walloon Brabant]] }} | 1 = [[Amberes (lalawigan)|Amberes]] | 3 = [[Kanlurang Flandes]] | 4 = [[Kanlurang Flandes]] | 7 = [[Limburgo (Belgium)|Limburgo]] | 5 = [[Henao (lalawigan)|Henao]] | 6 = [[Lieja (lalawigan)|Lieja]] | 8 = [[Luxemburgo (Belhika)|Luxemburgo]] | 9 = [[Namur (lalawigan)|Namur]] |#default = province }}
| subdivision_type4 = [[Arrondissements of Belgium#Administrative|Arrondissement]]
| subdivision_name4 = {{{arrondissement|}}}
| leader_title = {{#if:{{{list_of_mayors|}}} | [[{{{list_of_mayors}}}|Mayor (list)]]| Mayor }}
| leader_name = {{{mayor|}}}
| leader_title1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | Governing party/ies }}
| leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | {{{majority}}} }}
| area_total_km2 = {{Infobox Belgium municipality/Geography|Geography={{{nis}}}}}
| population_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_total = {{wikidata|property|raw|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_as_of = 2018-01-01
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = {{{population_demonym|}}}
| postal_code_type = Postal codes
| postal_code = {{{postal-codes|}}}
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Belgium|Area codes]]
| area_code = {{{telephone-area|}}}
| website = {{{web|}}}
| footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}}
| module = {{{module|}}}
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here -->
</noinclude>
ccrycoc2hdce9xyd0xk8o8fao5mkn66
1963917
1963916
2022-08-19T13:52:38Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<includeonly>{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}
| native_name = {{{native_name|}}}
| native_name_lang = {{{native_name_lang|}}}
| other_name = {{#if:{{{namefr|}}} | {{native name|fr|{{{namefr}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namenl|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}} |<br/>}} {{native name|nl|{{{namenl}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{namede|}}} |{{#if:{{{namefr|}}}|<br/>|{{#if:{{{namenl|}}}|<br/>}}}} {{native name|de|{{{namede}}}}}}}
| settlement_type = [[Mga munisipalidad ng Belhika|Munisipalidad]]
| image_skyline = {{{picture|}}}
| image_caption = {{{picture-legend|}}}
| imagesize = {{{imagesize|250x210px}}}
| image_flag = {{{flag|}}}
| flag_size = 100x67px
| image_shield = {{{arms|}}}
| shield_size = 100x80px
| mapsize = 220x200px
| pushpin_map = Belgium
| pushpin_label = {{#if:{{{map_dot_label|}}} | {{{map_dot_label}}} | {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Belgium
<!-- Wedge district map in box after pushpin map -->{{#if:{{{map|}}}| {{hidden | title = {{{map-legend|Location of {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}} | content = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size=240x250px}} | titlestyle = font-size:115%; text-align: left; height:auto; padding:0.2em; padding-left:0.6em; padding-right:2em; | style = margin-top:2px; border:1px solid grey; | contentstyle = text-align: center; }}
}}
| coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates|}}}|region:BE|type:city}}}}
| subdivision_type = Bansa
| subdivision_name = Belhika
| subdivision_type1 = [[Mga pamayanan, rehiyon, at pook pangwika ng Belhika|Pamayanan]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Pamayanang Flamenca]]<br/>[[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 23|24 = [[Pamayanang Flamenca]] | 25 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Pamayanang Flamenca]] | 5|8|9 = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] | 6 = {{#switch: {{{nis|}}} | 63001|63012|63087|63013|63023|63040|63048|63061|63067 = {{BE-DE}} | #default = [[French Community of Belgium|French Community]] }}|#default = community }}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Mga pamayanan, rehiyon, at pook pangwika ng Belhika|Rehiyon]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = [[Brussels]] | 23|24 = [[Rehiyong Flamenca]] | 25 = [[Wallonia]] }} | 1|3|4|7 = [[Rehiyong Flamenca]] | 5|6|8|9 = [[Wallonia]] |#default = region }}
| subdivision_type3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = |#default = [[Mga lalawigan ng Belhika|Lalawigan]] }}
| subdivision_name3 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|1}} | 2 = {{#switch: {{str left|{{{nis|}}}|2}} | 21 = | 23|24 = [[Brabante Flamenco]] | 25 = [[Walloon Brabant]] }} | 1 = [[Amberes (lalawigan)|Amberes]] | 3 = [[Kanlurang Flandes]] | 4 = [[Kanlurang Flandes]] | 7 = [[Limburgo (Belgium)|Limburgo]] | 5 = [[Henao (lalawigan)|Henao]] | 6 = [[Lieja (lalawigan)|Lieja]] | 8 = [[Luxemburgo (Belhika)|Luxemburgo]] | 9 = [[Namur (lalawigan)|Namur]] |#default = province }}
| subdivision_type4 = [[Arrondissements of Belgium#Administrative|Arrondissement]]
| subdivision_name4 = {{{arrondissement|}}}
| leader_title = {{#if:{{{list_of_mayors|}}} | [[{{{list_of_mayors}}}|Mayor (list)]]| Mayor }}
| leader_name = {{{mayor|}}}
| leader_title1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | Governing party/ies }}
| leader_name1 = {{#if:{{{majority|}}} | {{{majority}}} }}
| area_total_km2 = {{Infobox Belgium municipality/Geography|Geography={{{nis}}}}}
| population_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_total = {{wikidata|property|raw|P1082|P585=2018-01-01}}
| population_as_of = 2018-01-01
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = {{{population_demonym|}}}
| postal_code_type = Postal codes
| postal_code = {{{postal-codes|}}}
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Belgium|Area codes]]
| area_code = {{{telephone-area|}}}
| website = {{{web|}}}
| footnotes = {{{footnotes|}}}
| module = {{{module|}}}
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation}}
<!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here -->
</noinclude>
1g0ed5ygzqikcfkgn5d1ojtvyz4x9ol
Bruges
0
319223
1963918
2022-08-19T13:54:19Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Ikinakarga sa [[Brujas]]
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#REDIRECT [[Brujas]]
tim1fui9lunj0oo4gbw5aj2nlmjl2ho
SM Mall of Asia Arena
0
319224
1963919
2022-08-19T14:17:35Z
49.144.31.16
#REDIRECT [[Mall of Asia Arena]]
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#REDIRECT [[Mall of Asia Arena]]
n0hi5oe0zhnvsa0l4eq36wgypah00rd
Foro Humboldt
0
319225
1963923
2022-08-19T14:24:49Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1101549452|Humboldt Forum]]"
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox museum
| name = Foro Humboldt
| native_name_lang = de
| logo = HF Logo quer rgb-01.svg
| logo_upright = 1
| logo_alt = Logo ng Foro Humboldt
| image = File:Humboldt Forum-9148.jpg
| image_upright = 1.23
| caption = Tanaw ng Foro Humboldt sa muling itinayong Palasyo ng Berlin (2020)
| alt = Palasyo ng Berlin
| map_caption = Kinaroroonan sa Berlin
| former_name = <!-- or |former_names= -->
| established = 2020
| dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| location = [[Palasyo ng Berlin]], [[Berlin]], [[Alemanya]]
| coordinates = {{coord|52|31|03|N|13|24|10|E|region:DE-BE_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Museong pansining]]
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections = non-European art
| collection_size =
| visitors =
| founder =
| director = Hartmut Dorgerloh
| curator =
| architect = [[Franco Stella]]
| historian =
| owner =
| employees =
| publictransit = '''[[Berlin U-Bahn|U]]:''' [[Museumsinsel (Berlin U-Bahn)|Museumsinsel]] ({{Rail-interchange|berlin|U5}})
| parking = <!-- or |car_park= -->
| website = {{URL|https://www.humboldtforum.org/en/}}
| network =
| embedded = <!-- or |nrhp= -->
}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
Ang '''Foro Humboldt''' o '''Humboldt Forum''' ay isang museo na nakatuon sa [[Kasaysayan ng mundo|pantaong kasaysayan]], sining, at kultura, na matatagpuan sa [[Palasyo ng Berlin]] sa [[Pulo ng mga Museo]] sa sentrong pangkasaysayan ng [[Berlin]]. Ito ay bilang parangal sa mga iskolar ng [[Prusya|Pusya]] na sina [[Wilhelm von Humboldt|Wilhelm]] at [[Alexander von Humboldt]]. Itinuturing na "katumbas ng Aleman" ng [[Museong Britaniko]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2016 |title=Neil MacGregor: ‘Britain forgets its past. Germany confronts it’ |url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/apr/17/neil-macgregor-britain-germany-humboldt-forum-berlin |website=the Guardian}}</ref> ang Humboldt Forum ay nagtataglay ng mga 'di-Europeong koleksiyon ng [[Mga Museong Estatal ng Berlin]], pansamantalang mga eksibisyon at pampublikong pangyayari. Dahil sa pandemya ng [[Pandemya ng COVID-19|COVID-19]], binuksan ito nang dihital noong Disyembre 16, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin’s newest landmark is ready and waiting |url=https://www.humboldtforum.org/en/presse/mitteilungen/berlins-newest-landmark-is-ready-and-waiting/ |website=Humboldt Forum}}</ref> at naging maaaring puntahan ng pangkalahatang publiko noong Hulyo 20, 2021.
== Gusali ==
[[Talaksan:Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg/220px-Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg|thumb| Hilaga at silangang patsada ng Foro Humboldt.]]
Ang Foro Humboldt ay may luklukan sa muling itinayong [[Palasyo ng Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scaturro |first=Michael |title=Berlin's rebuilt Prussian palace to address long-ignored colonial atrocities |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/18/berlins-rebuilt-prussian-palace-to-address-long-ignored-colonial-atrocities |access-date=2015-10-30 |website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=So verlief das Richtfest am Berliner Schloss (Topping-out wreath ceremony at the Palace, German article) |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/menschen-steine-sensationen-so-verlief-das-richtfest-am-berliner-schloss/11911454.html |access-date=13 June 2015 |website=Tagesspiegel}}</ref> Ang pundasyong bato ay inilatag ni Pangulong [[Joachim Gauck]] sa isang seremonya noong Hunyo 12, 2013.<ref name="12 Jun 2013">{{Cite web |last=Harriet Alexander |date=12 Jun 2013 |title=Berlin begins reconstruction of King Frederick the Great's palace |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10117103/Berlin-begins-reconstruction-of-King-Frederick-the-Greats-palace.html |access-date=14 June 2013 |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref>
== Tingnan din ==
* [[Pulo ng mga Museo]]
== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist|3}}{{Museum Island, Berlin}}{{Visitor attractions in Berlin}}
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata]]
j04jot1xnrlpwdwkbzotyqk0gbm7t7o
1963925
1963923
2022-08-19T14:25:39Z
Ryomaandres
8044
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox museum
| name = Foro Humboldt
| native_name_lang = de
| logo = HF Logo quer rgb-01.svg
| logo_upright = 1
| logo_alt = Logo ng Foro Humboldt
| image = File:Humboldt Forum-9148.jpg
| image_upright = 1.23
| caption = Tanaw ng Foro Humboldt sa muling itinayong Palasyo ng Berlin (2020)
| alt = Palasyo ng Berlin
| map_caption = Kinaroroonan sa Berlin
| former_name = <!-- or |former_names= -->
| established = 2020
| dissolved = <!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} -->
| location = [[Palasyo ng Berlin]], [[Berlin]], [[Alemanya]]
| coordinates = {{coord|52|31|03|N|13|24|10|E|region:DE-BE_type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Museong pansining]]
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections = non-European art
| collection_size =
| visitors =
| founder =
| director = Hartmut Dorgerloh
| curator =
| architect = [[Franco Stella]]
| historian =
| owner =
| employees =
| publictransit = '''[[Berlin U-Bahn|U]]:''' [[Museumsinsel (Berlin U-Bahn)|Museumsinsel]] ({{Rail-interchange|berlin|U5}})
| parking = <!-- or |car_park= -->
| website = {{URL|https://www.humboldtforum.org/en/}}
| network =
| embedded = <!-- or |nrhp= -->
}}
[[Category:Articles with short description]]
[[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]]
Ang '''Foro Humboldt''' o '''Humboldt Forum''' ay isang museo na nakatuon sa [[Kasaysayan ng mundo|pantaong kasaysayan]], sining, at kultura, na matatagpuan sa [[Palasyo ng Berlin]] sa [[Pulo ng mga Museo]] sa sentrong pangkasaysayan ng [[Berlin]]. Ito ay bilang parangal sa mga iskolar ng [[Prusya|Pusya]] na sina [[Wilhelm von Humboldt|Wilhelm]] at [[Alexander von Humboldt]]. Itinuturing na "Aleman na katumbas" ng [[Museong Britaniko]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2016 |title=Neil MacGregor: ‘Britain forgets its past. Germany confronts it’ |url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2016/apr/17/neil-macgregor-britain-germany-humboldt-forum-berlin |website=the Guardian}}</ref> ang Humboldt Forum ay nagtataglay ng mga 'di-Europeong koleksiyon ng [[Mga Museong Estatal ng Berlin]], pansamantalang mga eksibisyon at pampublikong pangyayari. Dahil sa pandemya ng [[Pandemya ng COVID-19|COVID-19]], binuksan ito nang dihital noong Disyembre 16, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Berlin’s newest landmark is ready and waiting |url=https://www.humboldtforum.org/en/presse/mitteilungen/berlins-newest-landmark-is-ready-and-waiting/ |website=Humboldt Forum}}</ref> at naging maaaring puntahan ng pangkalahatang publiko noong Hulyo 20, 2021.
== Gusali ==
[[Talaksan:Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg/220px-Humboldt_Forum_10493.jpg|thumb| Hilaga at silangang patsada ng Foro Humboldt.]]
Ang Foro Humboldt ay may luklukan sa muling itinayong [[Palasyo ng Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Scaturro |first=Michael |title=Berlin's rebuilt Prussian palace to address long-ignored colonial atrocities |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/18/berlins-rebuilt-prussian-palace-to-address-long-ignored-colonial-atrocities |access-date=2015-10-30 |website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=So verlief das Richtfest am Berliner Schloss (Topping-out wreath ceremony at the Palace, German article) |url=http://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/menschen-steine-sensationen-so-verlief-das-richtfest-am-berliner-schloss/11911454.html |access-date=13 June 2015 |website=Tagesspiegel}}</ref> Ang pundasyong bato ay inilatag ni Pangulong [[Joachim Gauck]] sa isang seremonya noong Hunyo 12, 2013.<ref name="12 Jun 2013">{{Cite web |last=Harriet Alexander |date=12 Jun 2013 |title=Berlin begins reconstruction of King Frederick the Great's palace |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/10117103/Berlin-begins-reconstruction-of-King-Frederick-the-Greats-palace.html |access-date=14 June 2013 |publisher=The Telegraph}}</ref>
== Tingnan din ==
* [[Pulo ng mga Museo]]
== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist|3}}{{Museum Island, Berlin}}{{Visitor attractions in Berlin}}
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Infobox mapframe without OSM relation ID on Wikidata]]
nh16novme8414f6tbvskoqz9mcdfr3a
Humboldt Forum
0
319226
1963924
2022-08-19T14:24:57Z
Ryomaandres
8044
Ikinakarga sa [[Foro Humboldt]]
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#REDIRECT [[Foro Humboldt]]
bj9cf3pr16lwa7m1lkztpdnsjs5ef50
Rafael Orozco Maestre
0
319227
1963930
2022-08-19T23:52:17Z
Gilbert050
124245
Si Rafael José Orozco Maestre ay isang na mang-aawit at manunulat ng kanta, tagapagtatag at nangungunang boses ng grupong El Binomio de Oro De América kasama si Israel Romero mula 1976 hanggang 1992.
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians -->|Name=Rafael Orozco Maestre|image=WhatsApp-Image-2021-06-11-at-7.16.39-AM-1024x1024.jpg|Image_size=|Landscape=|Alt=|Caption=|Background=solo_singer|Birth_name=Rafael José Orozco Maestre|birth_date={{Birth date|1954|3|24|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Becerril]], Colombia|Origin=|death_date={{Death date and age|1992|6|11|1954|3|24|df=yes}}|death_place=[[Barranquilla]], Colombia|Instrument=Vocals|Voice_type=|Genre=[[Vallenato music|Vallenato]]|Occupation=|Years_active=1976-1992|Label=[[Codiscos S.A.S|Codiscos]]|Associated_acts=[[Binomio de Oro]]|Notable_instruments=}}
Si '''Rafael José Orozco Maestre''' ([[Marso 24]], [[1954]] – [[Hunyo 11]], [[1992]]) ay isang na mang-aawit at manunulat ng kanta, tagapagtatag at nangungunang boses ng grupong El [[Binomio de Oro De América]] kasama si Israel Romero mula [[1976]] hanggang 1992.
== Mga album ==
* 1975 - ''Adelante''
* 1975 - ''Con emoción''
* 1977 - ''Binomio de oro''
* 1977 - ''Por lo alto''
* 1978 - ''Enamorado como siempre''
* 1978 - '' Los Elegidos''
* 1979 - ''Súper vallenato''
* 1980 - ''Clase aparte''
* 1980 - ''De caché''
* 1981 - ''5 años de oro''
* 1982 - ''Festival vallenato''
* 1982 - ''Fuera de serie''
* 1983 - ''Mucha calidad''
* 1984 - ''Somos vallenato''
* 1985 - ''Superior''
* 1986 - ''Binomio de oro''
* 1987 - ''En concierto''
* 1988 - ''Internacional''
* 1989 - ''De Exportación''
* 1990 - ''De fiesta con binomio de oro''
* 1991 - ''De américa''
* 1991 - ''Por siempre''
{{stub|Kolombiya|Tao|Musika}}
[[Kategorya:Mga Colombiano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Colombia]]
omy5ggps3vzbtcwi65rl8fqetyvdycc