Lecco

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    <title>Lecco</title>
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      <text bytes="5312" sha1="7is5ogyw0j34qb90h6gtvcpe6t3itfl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune|name=Lecco|official_name=Città di Lecco|native_name={{native name|lmo|Lècch}}|image_skyline=Lecco Grigna.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=Piazza XX Settembre, sa sentro ng bayan, at ang Bundok San Martino|image_flag=|image_shield=Lecco-Stemma.svg|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|45|51|N|09|24|E|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Lombardia]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Lecco|Lecco]] (LC)|frazioni=[[Acquate]], Belledo, Bonacina, Castello, Chiuso, Germanedo, Laorca, Lecco, Maggianico, Malavedo, Olate, Pescarenico, Rancio, San Giovanni, Santo Stefano|mayor_party=[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|mayor=[[Mauro Gattinoni]]|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=45.14|population_footnotes=|population_total=48,366|population_as_of=Setyembre 30, 2017|pop_density_footnotes=|population_demonym=Lecchesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=214|twin1=|twin1_country=|istat=|saint=[[San Nicolas|San Nicolò]]|day=Disyembre 6|postal_code=23900|area_code=0341|website={{Official website|http://www.comune.lecco.it}}|footnotes=}}

Ang '''Lecco''' ({{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|oʊ|,_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|oʊ}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Lecco}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dop&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Migliorini |first=Bruno |last2=Tagliavini |first2=Carlo |last3=Fiorelli |first3=Piero |editor-last=Tommaso Francesco Borri |title=Dizionario italiano multimediale e multilingue d'ortografia e di pronunzia |url=http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=44126&amp;r=2572 |access-date=February 12, 2016 |website=dizionario.rai.it |publisher=Rai Eri |archive-date=Agosto 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818045143/http://www.dizionario.rai.it/poplemma.aspx?lid=44126&amp;r=2572 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Canepari |first=Luciano |title=Dizionario di pronuncia italiana ''online'' |url=http://www.dipionline.it/dizionario/ricerca?lemma=lecco |access-date=February 12, 2016 |website=dipionline.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;; &lt;ref name=&quot;dop&quot; /&gt; Lecchese: ''Lècch'' [ ˈlɛk ]) ay isang lungsod at ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) na may 48,131 naninirahan sa [[Lalawigan ng Lecco]], rehiyon ng [[Lombardia]], [[Hilagang Italya|hilagang]] [[Italya]]. Ito ay nasa dulo ng timog-silangang sangay ng [[Lawa ng Como]] (ang sangay ay pinangalanang ''Sangay ng Lecco'' / ''Ramo di Lecco''). Ang [[Alpes Bergamascos]] ay tumaas sa hilaga at silangan, na pinutol ng [[Valsassina]] kung saan ang Lecco ay nagmamarka sa katimugang dulo.

Ang lawa ay makitid upang mabuo ang [[Ilog Aggda|Ilog Adda]], kaya ang mga tulay ay ginawa upang mapabuti ang mga komunikasyon sa kalsada sa [[Como, Lombardia|Como]] at Milan. May apat na tulay na tumatawid sa ilog Adda sa Lecco: ang Tulay [[Azzone Visconti]] (1336–1338), ang Tulay Kennedy (1956), ang Tulay [[Alessandro Manzoni]] (1985), at isang tulay ng riles.

Ang Lecco ay [[Alpinong Bayan ng Taon]] noong 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lecco ist 'Alpenstadt des Jahres 2013' — |url=http://www.alpenstaedte.org/de/aktuell/news/4633 |access-date=April 7, 2018 |website=alpenstaedte.org |archive-date=Septiyembre 5, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905165509/http://www.alpenstaedte.org/de/aktuell/news/4633 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Itinaas sa lalawigan sa pamamagitan ng atas ng Pangulo ng Republika noong Marso 6, 1992, nakuha ng Lecco ang titulo ng lungsod noong Hunyo 22, 1848.

Kilala sa pagiging lugar kung saan itinakda ng manunulat na si Alessandro Manzoni ang [[The Betrothed (nobelang Manzoni)|The Betrothed]], ang lungsod ay matatagpuan sa isa sa mga vertex ng Triangulong Lariano. Tinatanaw nito ang silangang sangay ng Lawa ng Como at kasama sa Orobikong Prealpes, sa pagitan ng Kabundukang Grigne at ng Resegone.

== Ugnayang pandaigdig ==

=== Kakambal na bayan – Kinakapatid na lungsod ===
[[Kinakapatid na lungsod|Kakambal]] ng Lecco ang:

* {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Mâcon]], Pransiya simula 1973
* {{Flagicon|BEL}} [[Overijse]], [[Belhika]] simula 1981
* {{Flagicon|ESP}} [[Igualada]], España simula 1990
* {{Flagicon|HUN}} [[Szombathely]], [[Hungriya|Unggriya]] simula 1995
* {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[Mytishchi]], Rusya simula 2005

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Calcio Lecco 1912]]

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliograpiya ==

* Cattaneo Editore, Mariagrazia Furlani Marchi, Aroldo Benini, Massimiliano Bartesaghi, G. Scotti, Luoghi manzoniani at Lecco, 1991,{{ISBN|978-88-86509-18-3}} .
* Mondadori Electa, G. Luigi Daccò, Itinerari manzoniani at Lecco, 1997,{{ISBN|978-88-435-3901-7}} .
* Mondadori Electa, G. Luigi Daccò, Manzoni at Lecco. Luoghi e memory, 2009,{{ISBN|978-88-370-6923-0}} .

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* Tahanan (comune.lecco.it)
* Impormasyon at accoglienza turistica – Provincia di Lecco
* [http://trainspo.com/geo/8426348/gallery/ Mga larawan ng Lecco railway bridge]
* Infopoint Lecco (in-lombardia.it)
* Alessandro Manzoni Itinerary – Alessandro Manzoni – Cultural Tourism Lombardy – in-lombardia (in-lombardia.it)
* https://www.eccolecco.it/en/manzonian-places-lecco/
{{Lalawigan ng Lecco}}{{Lago di Como}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod at bayan sa Lombardy]]
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]</text>
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    <title>Livorno</title>
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Ang '''Livorno''' ({{IPA-it|liˈvorno|lang|It-Livorno.ogg}}) ay isang daungang lungsod sa [[Dagat Liguria]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mar Ligure |url=http://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/per-la-difesa-sicurezza/fari/Pagine/MarLigure.aspx |access-date=16 May 2019 |publisher=Marina Militare}}&lt;/ref&gt; sa kanlurang baybayin ng [[Toscana]], Italya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l4V50jYkWRgC&amp;pg=PA63|title=The World Today: Concepts and Regions in Geography|chapter=Regions of the Realm|page=63|first1=H. J.|last1=de Blij|first2=Peter|last2=O. Muller|first3=Jan|last3=Nijman|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|year=2010|isbn=9780470646380}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ito ang kabesera ng [[Lalawigan ng Livorno]], na mayroong populasyon na 158,493 residente noong Disyembre 2017. Ito ay tradisyonal na kilala sa Ingles bilang '''Leghorn''' (&lt;small&gt;binibigkas&lt;/small&gt; {{IPAc-en|l|ɛ|ˈ|ɡ|ɔːr|n}} {{Respell|leg|ORN}}, {{IPAc-en|'|l|ɛ|ɡ|h|ɔːr|n}} {{Respell|LEG|horn}} &lt;ref name=&quot;oxf&quot;&gt;[http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Leghorn &quot;Leghorn&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160529094352/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/leghorn |date=2016-05-29 }} in the [[Oxford Dictionaries Online]].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;o&lt;/small&gt; {{IPAc-en|'|l|ɛ|ɡ|ər|n}} {{Respell|LEG|ərn}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Livorno}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Leghorn |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/amp/english/leghorn |access-date=1 March 2019 |website=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |publisher=[[HarperCollins]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;The name &quot;Leghorn&quot; is not used much to refer to the city in English any more, with &quot;Livorno&quot; being favoured, although the traditional name is used now to refer to a popular [[Leghorn chicken|breed of chicken]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa panahon ng [[Renasimyentong Italyano|Renasimyento]], ang Livorno ay idinisenyo bilang isang &quot;[[ideal na bayan]]&quot;. Malaking pag-unlad mula sa ikalawang kalahati ng [[Ika-16 na dantaon|ika-16 na siglo]] sa pamamagitan ng kalooban ng [[Pamilya Medici]], ang Livorno ay isang mahalagang malayang daungan, na nagbunga ng matinding aktibidad sa komersiyo, sa mga kamay, sa karamihan, ng mga dayuhang mangangalakal, at luklukan ng mga konsulado. at mga kompanya ng pagpapadala, na naging pangunahing daungang-lungsod ng [[Dakilang Dukado ng Toscana]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Grenet |first=Mathieu |title=Livorno, 1680-1845 |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-de-l-ofce-2015-4-page-281.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang katayuan ng isang multietniko at multikultural Livorno ay tumagal hanggang sa ikalawang kalahati ng ikalabinsiyam na siglo; gayunpaman, ang mga bakas ng panahong iyon ay makikita pa rin sa mga simbahan, villa, at palasyo ng lungsod.&lt;ref name=&quot;treccanilivorno&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=LIVORNO in &quot;Enciclopedia Italiana&quot; |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/livorno_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ |access-date=30 March 2018 |website=www.treccani.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang Livorno ay itinuturing na pinakamoderno sa lahat ng lungsod ng Toscana, at ito ang pangatlo sa pinakamatao sa Toscana, pagkatapos ng [[Florencia]] at [[Prato]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Rivista Geografica Italiana, volume 65|pages=197|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Comuni della Toscana per popolazione |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/toscana/19-comuni/popolazione/ |access-date=2020-11-10 |website=Tuttitalia.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tingnan din ==

* [[US Livorno 1915]]

== Mga sanggunian ==

=== Mga tala ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Mga pinagkuhanan ===

*  {{cite book|last1=Vaccari|first1=Olimpia|last2=Frattarelli Fischer|first2=Lucia|last3=Mangio|first3=Carlo|author4=Panessa, Giangiacomo|author5=Bettini, Maurizio|title=Storia Illustrata di Livorno|series=Storie Illustrate|year=2006|publisher=Pacini Editore|location=Pisa|language=it|isbn=88-7781-713-5|pages=1–272}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/19961226221241/http://comune.livorno.it/ Website ng munisipyo] {{In lang|it}}
* [http://www.portolivorno.it/ Port of Livorno website]
* [http://www.fotolivorno.net/ENprima.htm Photographic na mapa ng lungsod ng Livorno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609113129/http://www.fotolivorno.net/ENprima.htm |date=2013-06-09 }} {{In lang|en}}
* [http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/ljs/PageLevel/index.cfm?option=view&amp;ManID=ljs379 Ferdinando I De Medici, Document Inviting Jewish Merchants to Settle in Livorno and Pisa, in Italian, Manuscript on Vellum, Florence, Italy, 10 June 1593 (fac-simile)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517090835/http://sceti.library.upenn.edu/sceti/ljs/PageLevel/index.cfm?option=view&amp;ManID=ljs379 |date=17 Mayo 2021 }}
* [http://www.webvisionitaly.com/category.php?id=241&amp;ref_genre=&amp;ref_item=349 Livorno Video Tour]
* [http://www.livornobyboat.com/livorno-boat-tours/ Livorno Boat Tour sa kahabaan ng mga Medicean canal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304002142/https://www.livornobyboat.com/livorno-boat-tours/ |date=2021-03-04 }}
{{Province of Livorno}}{{Cities in Italy}}

{{Uncategorized|date=Disyembre 2023}}</text>
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    <title>Verona</title>
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      <text bytes="4595" sha1="aoc22tlaoml66t76nr143pibmmnf6nq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune
| name                  = Verona 
| official_name         = Comune di Verona
| native_name           = {{lang|vec|Verona}} / {{native name|vec|Veròna}}
| image_skyline         = Collage Verona.jpg
| imagesize             = 270px
| image_caption         = Isan kolahe ng Verona, pakaliwa mula sa itaas na kaliwa tungong kanan: Tanaw ng Piazza Bra mula sa Arena ng Verona, Bahay ni Juliet, Arena ng Verona, Ponte Pietra sa paglubog ng araw, Bantayog ng Madonna sa bukal sa Piazza Erbe, tanaw ng Piazza Erbe mula sa Toreng Lamberti
| image_shield          = Verona-Stemma.svg
| shield_size           = 70px
| image_flag            = Flag of Verona.svg
| pushpin_map           = Italy Veneto#Italy#Europe
| coordinates           = {{coord|45|26|19|N|10|59|34|E|region:IT-VR_type:city|display=it}}
| region                = [[Veneto]]
| province              = [[lalawigan ng Verona|Verona]] (VR)
| frazioni              = Avesa, San Michele Extra, San Massimo all'Adige, Quinzano, Quinto di Valpantena, Poiano di Valpantena, Parona di Valpolicella, Montorio Veronese, Mizzole, Marchesino, Chievo, Cà di David e Moruri
| mayor_party           = Independiente
| mayor                 = Federico Sboarina
| area_total_km2        = 206.63
| population_total      = 259608
| population_as_of      = 2019
| population_demonym    = Veronese&lt;br&gt;Scaligero
| elevation_m           = 59
|istat=023091
| saint                 = San Zeno ng Verona
| day                   = 12 Abril
| postal_code           = 37100
| area_code             = 045
| website               = [http://portale.comune.verona.it/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1 Opisyal na websayt]
| footnotes             = 
  {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  |child = yes
  |ID = 797
  |Year = 2000
  |Criteria = Kultural: ii, iv
  |Area = 444.4 ha
  |Buffer_zone = 303.98 ha 
  }}
}}

Ang '''Verona''' ({{IPAc-en|v|ə|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|ə}} {{respell|və|ROH|nə}}, {{IPA-it|veˈroːna|lang|It-Verona.ogg}}; {{lang-vec|Verona}} o ''Veròna'') ay isang [[lungsod]] sa Ilog [[Adige|Adigio]] sa [[Lalawigan ng Verona]], rehiyon ng [[Veneto]], Italya, na may 259,610 naninirahan. Ito ang isa sa pitong panlalawigang kabesera ng rehiyon. Ito ang pinakamalaking lungsod na [[Comune|munisipalidad]] sa rehiyon at ang ikalawang pinakamalaki sa hilagang-silangang Italya. Sumasakop ang kalakhang lugar ng Verona ng {{convert|1,426|km²|2|abbr=on}} at may populasyon na 714,310.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tales of Verona&quot; (sa Ingles)&lt;/ref&gt; Ito ang isa sa mga destinasyong panturista sa hilagang [[Italya]] dahil sa artistiko nitong pamana at ilang taunang perya, palabas at [[opera]], tulad ng panahong liriko sa Arena, isang [[sinaunang Romano]]ng ampiteatro.

Sa pagitan ng [[ika-13 dantaon|ika-13]] at [[ika-14 na dantaon]], pinamunuan ang lungsod ng Pamilyang Della Scala. Sa ilalim ng pamumuno ng pamilya, partikular ni Cangrande I della Scala, nakaranas ang lungsod ng isang malaking pag-unlad, na naging mayaman at makapangyarihan at napapalibutan ng bagang pader.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.turismoverona.eu/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=52076&amp;lang=en|title=Verona city - Tourism|website=www.turismoverona.eu|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en|archive-date=2023-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230919172737/http://www.turismoverona.eu/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=52076&amp;lang=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nakaligtas ang panahon ng Della Scala sa maraming monumento sa palibot ng Verona.

Dalawa sa dula ni [[William Shakespeare]] ay sa Verona ang tagpuan: ang ''[[Romeo at Juliet]]'' (na tinampukan ng pamamalagi ni Romeo sa [[Mantua]]) at ''Ang Dalawang Maginoo ng Verona.'' Hindi alam kung nabisita ni Shakespeare kailanman ang Verona o Italya, ngunit naakit ng kanyang mga dula ang maraming bisita sa Verona at palibot na mga lungsod. Dito rin ipinanganak sa Verona si Isotta Nogarola, na sinasabing unang pangunahing babaeng humanista at isa sa pinakamahalagang humanista ng [[Renasimiyento]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Isotta Nogarola {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/isotta-nogarola|access-date=2020-12-24|website=www.encyclopedia.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Idineklera ang lungsod bilang isang [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]] ng [[UNESCO]] dahil sa urbanong istraktura at [[arkitektura]] nito.

== Tingnan din ==

* [[AC ChievoVerona]]
* [[Hellas Verona FC]]

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{Province of Verona}}
{{Veneto}}{{World Heritage Sites in Italy}}{{commons category|Verona}}

[[Kategorya:Mga bayan at lungsod ng Veneto|Verona]]
[[Kategorya:Mga munisipalidad ng Verona (lalawigan)]]</text>
      <sha1>aoc22tlaoml66t76nr143pibmmnf6nq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Crotona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241164</id>
      <parentid>2226764</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:08:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2647" sha1="7mrt26q40px3tg6uoq4aze5vaayag57" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Crotona|official_name=|native_name=|image_size=|image_shield=Crotone-Stemma.svg|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|39|05|N|17|07|E|region:IT_type:city(60157)|display=inline}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Calabria]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Crotona|Crotona]] (KR)|frazioni=Papanice, Apriglianello, Carpentieri, Cipolla, Farina, Gabella Grande, Iannello, Maiorano, Margherita|mayor_party=|mayor=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=179.8|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=8|saint=[[Dionisio ang Aeropagita]]|day=Oktubre 9|postal_code=88900|area_code=0962|website={{official website|http://www.comune.crotone.it}}|footnotes=|image_skyline=Crotone vista dal volo Ryanair FR5116 (BLQ-CRV).jpg}}Ang '''Crotona''' o '''Crotone''' {{IPAc-en|k|r|oʊ|ˈ|t|oʊ|n|eɪ|,_|k|r|ə|ˈ|-}};{{IPA|it|kroˈtoːne|lang|It-Crotone.ogg}}; {{Langx|nap|Cutrone}} o {{Lang|scn|Cutruni}}) ay isang lungsod at ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) ng [[Lalawigan ng Crotona]], rehiyon ng [[Calabria]], [[Katimugang Italya|Katimugang]] [[Italya]].

Itinatag noong {{Circa|710&amp;nbsp;BK}} bilang kolonya ng [[Achaea (sinaunang rehiyon)|Achaea]] ng '''Croton''' / '''Kroton''' ({{Langx|grc|Κρότων}} o {{Lang|grc|Ϙρότων}} {{Langx|la|Crotona}}), ito ay naging isang dakilang lungsod ng Gresya, tahanan ng kilalang matematiko-pilosopo na si [[Pythagoras|Pitagoras]] kasama ng iba pang mga kilalang mamamayan, at isa sa pinakamahalagang sentro ng [[Magna Graecia]].

Ito ay kilala bilang '''Cotrone''' mula noong [[Gitnang Kapanahunan]] hanggang 1928, nang ang pangalan nito ay binago sa kasalukuyan. Noong 1992, ito ay naging kabesera ng bagong tatag na kapangalang lalawigan.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang taluktok ng Kroton ay tinirhan ng mga katutubong populasyon, marahil mga [[Mga Enotrio|Enotrio]] at Japigi, noong Panahon ng Bronse at Maagang Panahon ng Bakal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Francesco Placco |date=2018-04-22 |title=La leggenda di Melise |url=https://briganteggiando.it/2018/04/22/la-leggenda-di-melise/ |access-date=2019-10-03 |website=Briganteggiando}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Crotone sa panitikan ==
Binanggit sa ''[[Florante at Laura]]'' ni [[Francisco Balagtas]] ang Crotone bilang kaharian ng lolo ni Florante.

== Tingnan din ==

* [[FC Crotone]]

== Mga sanggunian ==
[[Kategorya:Mga bayan at lungsod ng Calabria]]
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]
&lt;references /&gt;{{Lalawigan ng Crotona}}</text>
      <sha1>7mrt26q40px3tg6uoq4aze5vaayag57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Long Mejia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241078</id>
      <parentid>2198966</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T23:54:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59656-72</username>
        <id>168617</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Telebisyon */</comment>
      <origin>2241078</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="908" sha1="6yeftwn187ixlvny35qg22ov7hqwpoh" xml:space="preserve">Si Long Mejia ay isang artista sa Pilipinas na isinilang noong Oktubre 6, 1968. 

==Telebisyon==
*FPJs Ang Probinsyano
*Home Sweetie Home
*Kool Ka Lang (GMA 7)
*Maynilad (GMA 7)
*MTPB: Ang Sayad Sayad! (ABS-CBN)
*Maalaala Mo Sana: The Rene Requiestas Story (ABS-CBN)
*OK Fine Whatever Yaya (ABS-CBN)
*OK Fine Ito Ang Gusto Ko Sayo! (ABS-CBN)
*Quizon Avenue / Classmate (ABS-CBN)
*Home Along Da Airforce (ABS-CBN)
*Celebrity Samsara  (TV5)
*Everybody Hapi go lucky (TV5)
*Star Light Princess 1000 (TV5)
*Untold Stories Mula Sa Puso (TV5)
*Hapi Ebrywan (TV5)
*Usapang Lalakwe (Studio 23) - Guest
*Lokomotor(TV5)
*Lokomoko High 5 (TV5)
*Midnight DJ (TV5)
*Hey py Birthday(TV5)
*Tonight with Arnold Clavio (GMA 7)
*Sunday PinaSaya (GMA 7)
*It's Your Lucky Day (Kapamilya Channel)

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mejia, Long}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artista mula sa Pilipinas]]

{{Pilipinas-artista-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>6yeftwn187ixlvny35qg22ov7hqwpoh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241079</id>
      <parentid>2241078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T23:55:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59656-72</username>
        <id>168617</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Telebisyon */</comment>
      <origin>2241079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="909" sha1="lfisiy95v1k7wxtlmj5slgvzod83klq" xml:space="preserve">Si Long Mejia ay isang artista sa Pilipinas na isinilang noong Oktubre 6, 1968. 

==Telebisyon==
*FPJs Ang probinsyano
*Home sweetie home
*Kool Ka Lang (GMA 7)
*Maynilad (GMA 7)
*MTPB: Ang Sayad Sayad! (ABS-CBN)
*Maalaala Mo Sana: The Rene Requiestas Story (ABS-CBN)
*OK Fine Whatever Yaya (ABS-CBN)
*OK Fine Ito Ang Gusto Ko Sayo! (ABS-CBN)
*Quizon Avenue / Classmate (ABS-CBN)
*Home Along Da Airforce (ABS-CBN)
*Celebrity Samsara  (TV5)
*Everybody Hapi go lucky (TV5)
*Star Light Princess 1000 (TV5)
*Untold Stories Mula Sa Puso (TV5)
*Hapi Ebrywan (TV5)
*Usapang Lalakwe (Studio 23) - bisita
*Lokomotor(TV5)
*Lokomoko High 5 (TV5)
*Midnight DJ (TV5)
*Hey py Birthday(TV5)
*Tonight with Arnold Clavio (GMA 7)
*Sunday PinaSaya (GMA 7)
*It's Your Lucky Day (Kapamilya Channel)

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mejia, Long}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artista mula sa Pilipinas]]

{{Pilipinas-artista-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>lfisiy95v1k7wxtlmj5slgvzod83klq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>64082</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241205</id>
      <parentid>2240941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:10:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mapa at mga Estasyon */</comment>
      <origin>2241205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33089" sha1="lgvjxqoaex6jp1qi15vmuau0uqacthr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox rail line
 | box_width   = 300px
 | name        = Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila
 | logo        = LRT Line 1 icon (Metro Manila).svg
 | logo_width  = 90px
 | image       = Two LRT-1 4th Gen trains at EDSA 2025-02-05.jpg
 | image_width = 300px
 | color       = 007541
 | caption     = Ang ika-apat na henerasyong tren sa [[Estasyon ng EDSA (LRT)|Estasyon ng EDSA]], Pebrero 2025.
 | type        = [[Rapid transit]]
 | system      = [[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
 | status      = Nagagamit
 | locale      = [[Kalakhang Maynila]]
 | start       = [[Estasyong Roosevelt ng LRT|Roosevelt]] (Kasalukuyang hilagang hangganan)&lt;br&gt;[[Estasyon ng North Avenue (LRT)|'''''Unified Grand Central Station''''']] (Hinaharap na hilagang hangganan)
 | end         = [[Estasyon ng Dr. Santos|Dr. Santos]] (Kasalukuyang timog na hangganan)&lt;br&gt;
[[Estasyon ng Niog|'''''Niog''''']] (Hinaharap na timog na hangganan)
 | stations    = 25 &lt;!--18 sa orihinal na linya mula Baclaran hanggang Monumento, 2 sa ''north extension'' na linya mula Balintawak hanggang Fernando Poe Jr., at lima sa unang bahagi ng ''Cavite Extension'' na linya mula Redemptorist hanggang Dr. Santos--&gt;
 | routes      = 1
 | ridership   = 480,000 &lt;small&gt;(Oktubre 2012)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;658,627 &lt;small&gt;(Naitala noong 2012)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/kpi_line1.htm |access-date=2013-03-10 |archive-date=2012-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120901233922/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/kpi_line1.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | open        = 1 Disyembre 1984
 | close       =
 | owner       = [[Pangasiwaan ng Light Rail Transit]]
 | operator    = [[Pangasiwaan ng Light Rail Transit]]
 | character   =
 | stock       = BN ACEC 1st Generation LRV&lt;br&gt;[[Hyundai Rotem|Hyundai Precision]] and [[Adtranz]] 2nd Generation LRV&lt;br&gt;[[Kinki Sharyo]] and [[Nippon Sharyo]] 3rd Generation LRV&lt;br&gt;CAF Mitsubishi 4th Generation LRV
 | linelength  = {{convert|20.7|km|mi|abbr=on}}
 | tracklength =
 | notrack     =
 | gauge       = {{RailGauge|sg|al=on|allk=on}}
 | el          = Linyang Overhead
 | speed       = 40-60 km/h
 | elevation   =
 | map         = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}
 | map_state   = collapsed
}}

Ang '''Unang Linya''' o '''Linyang Berde ng LRT ng Maynila''' ([[Ingles]]: ''Green Line'') ay ang unang linya ng mabilis na linya ng transportasyong tren ng sistemang [[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]] (''Manila Light Rail Transit System'').  Sa kasalukuyan, binubuo ng labinwalong mga hintuan at tumatakbo ng higit sa labinlimang mga kilometro ng mga nakaangat na mga riles.  Katulad ng pinahihiwatig ng pangalan nito, kulay dilaw ang linya sa lahat ng mga mapa ng [[LRT]].

Tumatakbo ang linya sa hilaga-timog na direksiyon, at dumadaan sa mga lungsod ng [[Caloocan]], [[Maynila]], [[Pasay]], at [[Parañaque]]. Maaaring lumipat ang mga pasahero sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Asul]] sa [[Himpilang Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Doroteo Jose]], at sa [[Sistema ng Pangkalakhang Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Dilaw]] sa [[EDSA LRT Station|EDSA]].

Bago ipinalabas ang [[Strong Republic Transit System|Sistemang Panlulan ng Matatag na Republika]], tinatawag dati na Linyang Dilaw, Unang Linya at Metrorail.  Subalit, dilaw na ang kulay nito simula nang buksan ito noong 1984.

== Kasaysayan ==
* Disyembre 1, 1984: [[Baclaran LRT Station|Baclaran]] hanggang [[Central Terminal LRT Station|Central Terminal]]
* Mayo 12, 1985: Central Terminal hanggang [[Monumento LRT Station|Monumento]]
* Marso 22, 2010: Monumento hanggang [[Balintawak LRT Station|Balintawak]]
* Oktubre 22, 2010: Balintawak hanggang [[Roosevelt LRT Station|Fernando Poe Jr.]]
* Nobyembre 16, 2024: [[Estasyon ng Redemptorist|Redemptorist]] hanggang [[Estasyon ng Dr. Santos|Dr. Santos]]
* 2028: Fernando Poe Jr. hanggang '''''Unified Grand Central Station'''
* 2031: Dr. Santos hanggang [[Estasyon ng Niog|Niog]]

=== Ruta ng Linyang Berde ===
Dumadaan ang linya sa [[Taft Avenue]] ([[Radial Road 2]]), na pinili dahil sa mahaba ito.  Nang lumipas, dumadaan naman ito sa [[Rizal Avenue]] at Rizal Avenue Extension ([[Radial Road 9]]) bago magtapos sa sulok ng Rizal Avenue Extension at [[EDSA]].

=== Extension patungong Cavite ===
Ang extension ng LRT Line 1 sa timog, na kilala bilang South Extension Project o Cavite Extension Project, ay ginagawa at magsisilbi sa mga lugar ng Parañaque hanggang Cavite.  Ang extension ay magmumula sa intersection ng Quirino Avenue, Harrison Avenue, at Taft Avenue Extension, pagkatapos ay maglalakbay pababa mula sa Redemptorist Road hanggang Coastal Road, at dadaan sa Parañaque River at papasok sa Ninoy Aquino Avenue hanggang sa makarating at tumawid sa C5 Extension Road.  ;  at muling papasok sa Coastal Road, tatawid sa Las Piñas-Bacoor Boundary Bridge sa kahabaan ng Zapote River, at tatawid sa Alabang–Zapote Road at Aguinaldo Highway intersection, hanggang sa makarating sa Niog station na matatagpuan sa kahabaan ng Molino Boulevard sa Bacoor, Cavite.  Ang extension na proyekto ay magdaragdag ng 8 istasyon na sumasaklaw sa 11.7 kilometro (7.3 milya) ng mga bagong elevated na seksyon ng riles at magiging ikatlong linya ng tren na umaabot sa labas ng Metro Manila area (pagkatapos ng silangang extension ng Line 2 at ang pagtatayo ng Line 7). Ang proyekto ay nahahati sa dalawang yugto - Ang Phase 1 ay sumasaklaw sa limang istasyon mula Redemptorist hanggang Dr. Santos, habang ang Phase 2 ay sumasaklaw sa natitirang tatlong istasyon mula Las Piñas hanggang Niog.

Ang proyekto ay unang inaprubahan ng National Economic and Development Authority noong 2000, habang ang Implementing Agreement para sa proyekto ay inaprubahan noong 2002, na isasagawa ng SNC-Lavalin bilang public-private partnership project. Gayunpaman, ang panukala ay kasunod na winakasan noong 2006. Sa parehong taon, ang gobyerno ay nakipagtulungan sa mga tagapayo (International Finance Corporation, White &amp; Case, Halcrow at iba pa) upang magsagawa ng open-market na imbitasyon sa tender para sa extension at para sa isang 40-taon.  konsesyon upang patakbuhin ang pinalawig na linya. Gayunpaman, ang proyekto ay itinigil ilang buwan bago matapos ni Gloria Macapagal Arroyo ang kanyang termino bilang Pangulo.

Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 at inaasahang magsisimula sa pagtatayo noong 2014 ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way. Nalutas ang mga isyu noong 2016 at noong Mayo 4, 2017, idinaos ang groundbreaking para sa ₱64.915 bilyon ($1.36 bilyon) South Extension Project, sa tulong ng Light Rail Manila Corporation at ng Japan International Cooperation Agency. Tampok din sa extension project ang pagtatayo ng tatlong intermodal facility, isang satellite depot na matatagpuan sa Zapote, at mass upgrades sa kasalukuyang Baclaran depot.  Ang proyekto ay inaasahang makakatanggap ng higit sa 800,000 mga pasahero araw-araw sa sandaling makumpleto, kung saan ang kalihim ng DOTr na si Arthur Tugade ay inaasahang ang maagang pagkumpleto ng proyekto ay nasa loob ng 2020.

Ang linya ay palalawigin mula Parañaque patimog, na nagdudugtong sa Las Piñas at Bacoor sa network ng riles ng Mega Manila. Ang mga gawaing sibil sa extension ay nagsimula noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang mga right-of-way acquisition. Ang pagtatayo ng extension line ay itatayo gamit ang isang full span launching method, na kilala bilang isa sa pinakamabilis na paraan ng konstruksyon para sa mga tulay at elevated viaduct na nagbabawas ng oras at kabuuang espasyo ng lupa na kailangan para sa pagtatayo.  May kabuuang 203 pi-girder ang ginamit para sa pagtatayo ng unang yugto ng extension, ang huli ay inilatag sa kahabaan ng Redemptorist Road, Baclaran noong Pebrero 7, 2022. Nakipagtulungan ang LRMC sa Bouygues Construction para sa mga gawaing sibil, Alstom para sa pag-install ng mga sistema ng pagbibigay ng senyas at komunikasyon, at ang RATP Dev Transdev Asia para sa pangkalahatang serbisyo sa engineering, pagkuha, konsultasyon, konstruksiyon at tulong para sa proyekto. Ang extension project din ang magsisilbing unang railway line na gagamit ng bagong construction method.

Ang LRT Line 1 South Extension Project ay bubuuin ng mga sumusunod na walong istasyon:

# Redemptorist – Parañaque
# Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Maynila – Parañaque
# Asya World – Parañaque
# Ninoy Aquino – Parañaque
# Dr. Santos – Parañaque
# Las Piñas – Las Piñas
# Zapote – kasama ang mga hangganan ng Bacoor at Las Piñas
# Niog – Bacoor

Inilatag din ang mga plano upang isama ang 2 karagdagang istasyon para sa proyekto ng extension:

# Istasyon ng Manuyo Uno - Las Piñas
# Istasyon ng Talaba - Bacoor

Noong Nobyembre 14, 2022, 75.3% na ang kumpleto ng proyekto. Ang Phase 1 ng extension (mula sa Redemptorist station hanggang sa Dr. Santos station) ay nakatakdang gumana sa Setyembre 2024, na may ganap na operasyon sa 2027.

Noong Disyembre 19, 2023, matagumpay na naisagawa ng Alstom ang unang test run sa kahabaan ng extension gamit ang LRTA 1100 class na tren.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rappler.com/business/things-to-know-lrt-1-cavite-extension/&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong Abril 30, 2024, ang Phase 1 ay 98.2% na kumpleto,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies/909359/lrt1-cavite-extension-phase-1-98-2-complete/story/&lt;/ref&gt; at magbubukas ito sa Nobyembre 16, 2024&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9erXooYeP-4&amp;t=6&lt;/ref&gt;.  Inanunsyo ni DOTR Executive Assistant Jonathan Gesmundo ang pagtatayo ng 8 karagdagang istasyon sa kasalukuyang 20 istasyon ng LRT-1, na may 11-kilometro (6.8 mi) na extension.  Samantala, ang Phase 2 at 3 ay magsisimula ng operasyon sa 2031.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1226461&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilang paghahanda sa pagbubukas ng extension ng linya, nag-anunsyo ng LRMC ang 3 ''weekend closures'' (Agosto 17-18, Agosto 24-25, at Agosto 31-Setyembre 1) sa buong linya ng LRT 1.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V3OMnswHoW8&amp;t=1&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Extension patungong North Avenue ===
Ang orihinal na extension sa hilaga hanggang sa istasyon ng Roosevelt ay ipapalawig sa kasalukuyang ginagawang North Triangle Common Station.  Ang lugar ng proyekto ng common station ay pinagtatalunan sa loob ng maraming taon hanggang sa nalagdaan ang isang kasunduan sa mga stakeholder noong Enero 2017. Nagsimula ang pagtatayo ng istasyon noong Setyembre 29, 2017 at pinaplanong magbukas sa taong 2025.

== Mapa at mga Estasyon ==
{{update|date=Abril 2022}}
{| class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:10em; border-bottom:3px solid #008000;&quot;|Estasyon
!colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Layo (km) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Talaan ng mga layo ng bawat estasyon. |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/distance.php |access-date=2014-05-07 |archive-date=2014-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528154033/http://lrta.gov.ph/distance.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:3px solid #008000;&quot;|Paglipat
!rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:3px solid #008000;&quot;|Lokasyon
|-
!style=&quot;width:2.5em; border-bottom:3px solid #008000;&quot;|Sa pagitan ng&lt;br/&gt;estasyon
!style=&quot;width:2.5em; border-bottom:3px solid #008000;&quot;|Kabuuan
|-
| ''{{lrt|Niog}}''
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|27|29|31|name=Niog|icon=no}}|{{PUV stop|city|32|name=St. Dominic|icon=no}} }}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bacoor]], Cavite
|-
| ''{{lrt|Zapote}}''
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|23|27|29|31|32|name=Longos|icon=no}} }}
|-
| ''{{lrt|Las Piñas}}''
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|23|27|29|31|32|name=Las Pinas|icon=no}} }}
| [[Las Piñas]]
|-
| {{lrt|Dr. Santos}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.000
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.000
|
| San Dionisio, [[Parañaque]]
|-
| {{lrt|Ninoy Aquino}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.646
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.646
| {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|air}} [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true | Terminal 1 }}
| [[Abenida Ninoy Aquino|Abenida Ninoy Aquino, Parañaque]]
|-
| {{lrt|Asia World}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.393
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|3.039
| [[PITX|Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX)]]
| Tambo, [[Parañaque]]
|-
| {{lrt|Manila International Airport}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.141
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|4.180
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|35|49|name=MIA Road|icon=no}} }}
| [[Daang NAIA|Daang NAIA, Parañaque]]
|-
| {{lrt|Redemptorist}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.303
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|5.483
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|35|49|name=Baclaran|icon=no}} }}
| [[Bulebar Roxas|Bulebar Roxas, Parañaque]]
|-
| {{lrt|Baclaran}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.869
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6.352
| 
| [[Pasay]]
|-
| {{lrt|EDSA}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.588
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|6.940
| [[Ikatlong Linya ng Sistema ng Metro Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Dilaw]]: [[Estasyon ng Taft Avenue ng MRT|Taft Avenue]]
| San Rafael, Pasay
|-
| {{lrt|Libertad}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.010
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|7.950
|
| Santa Clara, Pasay
|-
| {{lrt|Gil Puyat}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.730
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|8.680
|
| San Isidro, Pasay
|-
| {{lrt|Vito Cruz}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.061
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|9.741
|
| [[Malate, Manila|Malate]], [[Maynila]]
|-
| {{lrt|Quirino}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.827
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|10.568
|
| Malate, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Pedro Gil}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.794
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|11.362
|
| [[Ermita, Maynila|Ermita]], Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|United Nations}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.754
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|12.116
| [[Abenida ng mga Nagkakaisang Bansa]]
| Ermita, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Central}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.214
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|13.33
|
| Ermita, Maynila
|- 
| {{lrt|Carriedo}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.725
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|14.055
|
| [[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Santa Cruz]] at [[Quiapo, Maynila|Quiapo]], Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Doroteo Jose}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.685
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|14.74
| [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]]: {{lrt|Recto}}
| Santa Cruz, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Bambang}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.648
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|15.388
|
| Santa Cruz, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Tayuman}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.618
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|16.006
|
| Santa Cruz, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Blumentritt}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.671
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|16.677
| [[Pambansang Daangbakal ng Pilipinas|PNR]]: [[Estasyong daangbakal ng Blumentritt|Blumentritt]]
| [[Sampaloc, Maynila|Sampaloc]], Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|Abad Santos}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.927
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|17.604
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[List of bus routes in Metro Manila|Bus Routes]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|8|42|54|name=Abad Santos|icon=no}} }}
| [[Tondo, Maynila|Tondo]], Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|R. Papa}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.660
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|18.264
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|8|42|54|name=R. Papa|icon=no}} }}
| Tondo, Maynila
|-
| {{lrt|5th Avenue}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|0.954
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|19.218
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila|Mga Ruta ng Bus]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|8|14|22|35|42|54|name=5th Avenue|icon=no}} }}
| Grace Park East, [[Caloocan]]
|-
| {{lrt|Monumento}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.087
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|20.305
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|rapid}} [[EDSA Carousel]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true | {{PUV stop|city|1|name=Monumento|icon=no}} }}

{{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[List of bus routes in Metro Manila|Bus Routes]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|9|14|35|37|42|54|name=Monumento|icon=no}} }}
| Grace Park East, Caloocan
|-
| {{lrt|Balintawak}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|2.250
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|22.555
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|rapid}} [[EDSA Carousel]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true | {{PUV stop|city|1|name=Balintawak|icon=no}} }}

{{Collapsible list| title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[List of bus routes in Metro Manila|Bus Routes]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true |{{PUV stop|city|5|8|9|13|19|20|21|22|37|38|40|42|name=[[Ayala Malls Cloverleaf]]|icon=no}} }}
| Balintawak, [[Lungsod Quezon]]
|-
| {{lrt|Fernando Poe Jr.}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|1.870
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|24.425
| style=&quot;text-align:left&quot; | {{Collapsible list |title=&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|rapid}} [[EDSA Carousel]]&lt;/div&gt; |liststyle=margin-left: 1.5em; margin-bottom:4px; |expand=true | {{PUV stop|city|1|name=Roosevelt|icon=no}} }}{{Collapsible list |title = &lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;{{rint|bus|1}} [[Serbisyo ng Bus ng Lungsod ng Quezon]]&lt;/div&gt; |expand = true|{{PUV stop|qc|8|name={{nowrap|Muñoz}}|icon=no}} }}
| Bago Bantay, Lungsod Quezon
|-
| ''{{lrt|North Avenue|'''Unified Grand Central Station'''}}''
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;|-
| [[Ikatlong Linya ng Sistema ng Metro Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Dilaw]]: [[Estasyon ng North Avenue ng MRT|North Avenue]]&lt;br&gt;''[[Ikapitong Linya ng Sistema ng Metro Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Pula]]'': [[Estasyon ng North Avenue ng Linyang Pula|North Avenue]]&lt;br&gt;''[[Subway ng Kalakhang Maynila|'''Metro Manila Subway''']]'': [[Estasyon ng North Avenue ng Sistemang Subway|North Avenue]]
| EDSA, Bagong Pag-asa (LRT-1 at MRT-3)&lt;br&gt;Bagong Pag-asa (MRT-7), Lungsod Quezon
|-
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{nobold|&lt;small&gt;Ang mga istasyon, linya, at/o iba pang koneksyon sa transportasyon na naka-italic ay kasalukuyang ginagawa, iminungkahi, hindi pa nabubuksan, o sarado pa.&lt;/small&gt;}}
|}

===Operasyon===
Ang linya ay tumatakbo mula 4:30 n.u. [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]] ([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+8) hanggang 10:45 n.g. tuwing mga karaniwang araw, at 5:00 n.u. hanggang 9:45 n.g. tuwing mga katapusan ng linggo at mga pista opisyal.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Palalawigin ng LRT-1 ang oras ng operasyon simula ika-26 ng Marso 2025 |website=Light Rail Manila Corporation |date=Marso 25, 2025 |url=https://lrmc.ph/2025/03/25/lrt-1-to-extend-operating-hours-starting-26-march-2025/ |access-date=Marso 28, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ito ay tumatakbo halos araw-araw ng taon maliban kung may ibang inanunsyo. Ang mga espesyal na iskedyul ay inaanunsyo sa pamamagitan ng [[Public address system|PA system]] sa bawat istasyon at gayundin sa mga pahayagan at iba pang mass media. Sa panahon ng [[Semana Santa]], isang [[Pista opisyal sa Pilipinas|mga pista opisyal sa Pilipinas]], ang linya ng tren ay sarado para sa taunang maintenance, dahil sa mas kaunting mga commuter at trapiko sa paligid ng metro. Magbabalik ang normal na operasyon sa unang araw ng trabaho pagkatapos ng [[Linggo ng Pagkabuhay]].&lt;ref name=&quot;holyweek&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Inilabas ng LRMC ang iskedyul ng tren ng LRT-1 para sa Semana Santa 2022 |url=https://manilastandard.net/business/314219713/lrmc-releases-lrt-1-train-schedule-for-2022-holy-week.html |work=Manila Standard |date=Abril 6, 2022 |access-date=Abril 6, 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa panahon ng [[Pasko sa Pilipinas|panahon ng Pasko]], ang mga oras ng operasyon ay karaniwang pinapalawig sa mga araw bago ang [[Araw ng Pasko]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Papalalawigin ng MRT-3, LRT-1, LRT-2 ang mga oras ng operasyon para sa mga pista opisyal —DOTr |date=Disyembre 5, 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/929075/mrt-3-lrt-1-lrt-2-to-extend-operating-hours-for-holidays-dotr/story/ |work=GMA Integrated News |access-date=Enero 31, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngunit pinaikli tuwing [[Bisperas ng Pasko]] at [[Bisperas ng Bagong Taon]] upang mabigyang-daan ang mga kawani nito na ipagdiwang ang mga pista opisyal kasama ang kanilang mga pamilya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Narito ang mga iskedyul ng LRT-1, LRT-2, MRT-3 para sa Pasko 2021|first=Leandre|last=Grecia|url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-mrt-train-schedules-christmas-2021-a4354-20211221|work=Top Gear Philippines|date=21 Dis 2021|access-date=2022-03-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga pasilidad, pasilidad, at serbisyo ng istasyon==
[[Image:LRT Baclaran Station.jpg|thumb|right|[[Estasyon ng Baclaran]] noong 2008]]
Lahat ng istasyon sa Linya 1 ay nakataas, maliban sa istasyon ng Zapote.

===Layout at aksesibilidad ng istasyon===
[[File:LRT-1 CEP Dr. Santos (2) 2024-11-24.jpg|thumb|[[Display ng plataporma]] ay ipinakilala sa pagbubukas ng extension ng Cavite noong Nobyembre 16, 2024]]
Karamihan sa mga istasyon ay binubuo lamang ng isang palapag, mapupuntahan mula sa kalye sa ibaba sa pamamagitan ng hagdan, na naglalaman ng mga concourse at platform area ng istasyon na pinaghihiwalay ng mga fare gate. Ang ilang mga istasyon ay may posibilidad na magkaroon ng concourse level sa ibaba ng mga platform. Gayunpaman, ang mga single-level na istasyon ng Linya 1 ay hindi itinayo nang isinasaalang-alang ang aksesibilidad, dahil sa kakulangan ng mga pasilidad na [[walang harang]] tulad ng mga escalator at elevator. Ang kakulangan ng air-conditioning at mga escalator sa partikular ay sadyang hindi isinama sa mga orihinal na istasyon at tren upang mabawasan ang mga gastos sa konstruksyon at pagpapanatili bilang bahagi ng mga pagsisikap na mapanatiling mura ang sistema.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dans1987&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Dans, Jr. |first=Jose P. |title=Metro Manila Mula sa Tuktok ng Sistema ng LRT |publisher=Systems &amp; Management Dynamics, Inc. |year=1987 |isbn=9718506004}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|p=75–76}}

Ang ilang istasyon ay konektado sa antas ng concourse sa mga kalapit na gusali, tulad ng mga shopping mall, para sa mas madaling pag-access. Ang ilang tren ay may mga espasyo para sa mga pasaherong gumagamit ng wheelchair. Ang mga mas bagong istasyon ay walang harang at may hiwalay na antas para sa platform at concourse. Kasama rin sa mga istasyon na itinayo para sa extension ng Cavite ang mga pasilidad tulad ng [[first aid room]] at [[lactation room]], pati na rin ang [[platform display]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Guiao |first=Micah Avry |date=Nobyembre 20, 2024 |title=LRT-1 Cavite Extension: Ang Iyong Pinakamahusay na Gabay Mula Redemptorist-Aseana hanggang Dr. Santos |url=https://www.spot.ph/things-to-do/weekend-guides/110516/lrt-1-cavite-extension-your-ultimate-guide-a5229-20241120-lfrm?s=g1bn0v7mrv9mkua3h74d6mkqvd |access-date=Nobyembre 23, 2024 |website=Spot.ph}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lahat ng istasyon ng Line 1 ay may [[Pampublikong palikuran|pampublikong banyo]]. Ang mga luma at mas maliliit na istasyon ay mayroon lamang mga banyo na pang-isahang tao habang ang mga mas bagong istasyon ay may mga hiwalay na banyo pati na rin ang mga banyo para sa mga taong may kapansanan.&lt;ref name=&quot;LRTRestroomsData&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pagkakaroon ng mga Palikuran sa mga Istasyon ng LRT-1 at LRT-2 |author=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]] |url=https://www.foi.gov.ph/agencies/lrta/availability-of-restrooms-on-lrt-1-and-lrt-2-stations/ |date=Oktubre 21, 2025 |access-date=Oktubre 22, 2025 |website=[[Freedom of Information Order (Philippines)|Freedom of Information Philippines]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang mga [[Natitiklop na bisikleta]] ay pinapayagang dalhin sa mga tren basta't hindi ito lumalagpas sa mga limitasyon sa laki ng bagahe ng LRTA na {{convert|2|by|2|ft|cm|sigfig=1}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;lrta-folding-bike-baggage-size&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Wala pong limit sa diameter ng wheels. Kaugnay naman po ng bagahe, hanggang 2 feet x 2 feet po ang maximum dimension na pinapayagan sa LRT-2. |url=https://twitter.com/officiallrta/status/1253850058690162688 |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=Twitter |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga huling bagon ng bawat tren ay itinalaga rin bilang &quot;mga berdeng sona&quot;, kung saan maaaring magbisikleta ang mga gumagamit ng natitiklop na bisikleta.&lt;ref name=&quot;lrta-bike-o2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dedace |first=Sophia |title=Mga bisikleta, tren, at mas kaunting bagon kasama ang proyektong Bike O2 ng LRT |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/177274/lifestyle/bikes-trains-and-fewer-cars-with-lrt-s-bike-o2-project/ |access-date=2022-05-15 |website=GMA News Online |date=Nobyembre 18, 2009 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lahat ng istasyon ay may gilid mga plataporma maliban sa Baclaran, na may isang gilid at isang plataporma sa isla. Dahil sa mataas na pagtangkilik ng linya, ang bahagi ng plataporma na katumbas ng harapang bagon ng tren ay nakakulong para sa paggamit ng mga kababaihan, bata, matatanda at mga pasaherong may mga espesyal na pangangailangan at/o kapansanan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite AV media|title=#LRT1 Customer Advisory |url=https://www.facebook.com/officialLRT1/photos/a.381575305516246/1679722252368205/ |date=Marso 9, 2022 |access-date=Marso 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Mga tindahan at serbisyo===
Sa loob ng concourse ng ilang istasyon ay may mga stall o tindahan kung saan maaaring bumili ng pagkain o inumin ang mga tao. Nag-iiba-iba ang mga stall ayon sa istasyon, at ang ilan ay may mga fast food stall. Nag-iiba-iba rin ang bilang ng mga stall ayon sa istasyon, at ang ilang istasyon ay may posibilidad na magkaroon ng iba't ibang uri.

Mga istasyon tulad ng Fernando Poe Jr. (WalterMart Muñoz), Balintawak ([[Ayala Malls Cloverleaf]]), Monumento ([[SM City Grand Central]] at Victory Central Mall Caloocan), Tayuman (SM City San Lazaro), Doroteo Jose ([[Isetann Cinerama Recto]]), Carriedo (Good EarthSM Plaza, Isetann] Manila Gil ([[Robinsons Place Manila]]), Vito Cruz (University Mall), Gil Puyat (Cartimar Shopping Center), Libertad (Victory Pasay Mall), EDSA (Metro Point Mall), Baclaran (Baclaran Super Mall), Redemptorist—Aseana (Parqal), MIA ([[Ayala Malls Manila Bay]]), Dr. Santos and the upcoming SM City Sucat Triangle]] ([[Ayala Malls Vertis North]], [[SM City North EDSA]], at Ang [[Trinoma]]) ay konektado o malapit sa mga shopping mall at/o iba pang malalaking lugar ng pamimili, kung saan ang mga commuter ay inaalok ng mas maraming uri ng pamimili.

Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga pangunahing terminal ng transportasyon sa Metro Manila tulad ng Avenida Bus Terminal via Doroteo Jose, [[Liwasang Bonifacio]] via Central Terminal, Buendia Bus Terminal via Gil Puyat, Pasay Rotonda via EDSA, [[Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange]] via PITX, at ang paparating na [[North Triangle Common Station]].
==Sakay==
Ang kasalukuyang dinisenyong pang-araw-araw na sakay ng linya ay 560,000 pasahero&lt;ref name=&quot;design-560k&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Marya |last=Salamat |title='Pinakamahusay na panatilihing pinamamahalaan ng mga lingkod-bayan ang LRT1' — mga grupo ng mamimili |url=https://www.bulatlat.com/2014/10/14/best-to-keep-lrt1-run-by-public-servants-consumer-groups/ |work=Bulatlat |date=2014-10-14 |access-date=2022-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang nilalayon na dagdagan ang bilang ng mga pasaherong pinaglilingkuran sa linya sa mahigit 800,000 pasahero, dahil ang patimog na extension ng linya ay nakatakdang maging ganap na operasyonal pagsapit ng 2031. Noong 2022, ang linya ay nagseserbisyo sa pang-araw-araw na average na 216,667, habang ang taunang kabuuang bilang ng mga pasaherong pinaglilingkuran ay umabot sa 78. milyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Abadilla |first=Emmie V. |date=2023-04-12 |title=10 paliparan sa rehiyon ang ibinebenta - Bautista |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/04/12/sec-bautista-transport-key-to-national-recovery |access-date=2023-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong 2018, ang linya ay nagdala ng 300,000 hanggang 500,000 pasahero araw-araw, dahil sa pagtaas ng bilang ng mga tren, mula 86 na sasakyan hanggang 113 na sasakyan na magagamit para sa pang-araw-araw na biyahe. Unti-unti nitong binabawasan ang oras ng paghihintay ng mga pasahero mula 5 minuto hanggang 2 hanggang 3.5 minuto.&lt;ref name=&quot;philstar.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2018/09/23/1853755/lrt-1-posts-record-1463-million-ridership-august |title=Nagtala ang LRT-1 ng 14.63 milyong pasahero noong Agosto |date=Setyembre 23, 2018 |last=Mercurio |first=Richmond}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;businessmirror.com&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/lrmc-sees-lrt-1-passengers-increasing-by-75-in-2021/ |title=Dumarami ang mga pasahero ng LRT 1 sa LRMC ng 75% noong 2021 |date=Mayo 24, 2018 |last=Marsigan |first=Lorenz S. |work=BusinessMirror }}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagsakay din ito ng hanggang 14.63 milyong pasahero buwan-buwan noong 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;philstar.com&quot; /&gt; Gayunpaman, noong 2023, ang oras ng paghihintay ay opisyal na naiulat na 5 hanggang 6 na minuto.&lt;ref name=&quot;2023WaitingTime&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1661158740408811520|user=officialLRT1|title=Kumusta! Ang pagitan ng minuto ay hindi ang pagdating ng tren sa istasyon kundi ang pagitan ng tren na umaalis sa dulong linya. Ang pagdating ng tren ay depende sa iyong lokasyon na bawat 5-6 na minuto sa bawat istasyon. Salamat sa iyong pag-unawa. Ingat po sa biyahe!|author=Light Rail Manila Corporation|date=Mayo 24, 2023|access-date=Hunyo 1, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa unang ilang quarter ng 2024, ang linya ay nagsilbi sa pang-araw-araw na average na pasahero na 298,740 na pasahero,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Rosales |first1=Elijah Felice |title=Walang inilaang badyet para sa rehab ng LRT sa 2025 |url=https://www.philstar.com/business/2024/08/29/2381237/no-budget-allotment-lrt-rehab-2025 |work=Philstar.com |date=Agosto 29, 2024 |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; at sa mga huling buwan, ang linya ay nagsilbi sa mahigit 323,000 pasahero araw-araw.&lt;ref name=&quot;ridership&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=7 Nobyembre 2024 |title=Magbubukas ng 5 istasyon ngayong buwan ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/corporate/2024/11/08/633597/lrt-1-cavite-extension-to-open-5-stations-this-month/ |work=BusinessWorld Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Medyo mataas ang bilang ng mga pasahero tuwing [[Pista ng Itim na Nazareno]], dahil ang ilan sa mga istasyon ng Line 1 ay malapit sa [[Simbahan ng Quiapo]] at sa ruta ng ''Traslación''. Pinapayagan ang mga deboto na walang sapin ang paa na sumakay sa tren tuwing Traslación kung kailan karaniwang ipinagbabawal ang pagsakay nang walang sapin ang paa sa mga regular na araw. Noong Enero 9, 2012, nakapagtala ang linya ng 620,987 na pasahero sa panahon ng kapistahan, at dahil ang araw ay natapat sa araw ng trabaho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Sammy|last=Martin|title=Nagtakda ang light rail transit ng bagong rekord ng mga pasahero|url=https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/manila-times/20120111/281513633019225|work=The Manila Times|date=11 Enero 2012|access-date=9 Enero 2022|via=[[PressReader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga bagon ==
=== Mga kasalukuyang bagon ===
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Manila LRT 1G EDSA.jpg|Unang-henerasyong tren, na inilunsad noong 1984. Tinatawag ding '''''LRTA 1000 class'''''.
LRT1 2G enters UN station.jpg|Pangalawang-henerasyong tren, na inilunsad noong 1999. Tinatawag ding '''''LRTA 1100 class'''''.
LRT-1 Blumentritt 2011.jpg|Pangatlong-henerasyong tren, na inilunsad noong 2007. Tinatawag ding '''''LRTA 1200 class'''''.
LRTA_13000_class_LRV_approaching_Central_Terminal.jpg|Pang-apat na henerasyong tren, na inilunsad noong 2023. Tinatawag ding '''''LRTA 13000 class'''''.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
`

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Biyaheng daang-bakal sa Kalakhang Maynila]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Katipunan</title>
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      <text bytes="4578" sha1="7n0b3uaiwzgxjdiwd8altcl726ck8md" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Katipunan
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Katipunan Station Platform 1.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Katipunan
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Bulebar Aurora]] pgt. [[Abenida Katipunan]] ([[Circumferential Road 5|C-5]]) &lt;br&gt;[[Lungsod ng Quezon#Loyola Heights|Loyola Heights]], [[Lungsod ng Quezon]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|51.95|N|121|04|22.65|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Ilalim ng lupa
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       ={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Santolan|next=Anonas}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Ka
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Katipunan''' o '''Himpilang Katipunan''' ay isang himpilan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Ito lamang ang himpilan sa linya na matatagpuan sa ilalim ng lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa Loyola Heights sa [[Lungsod ng Quezon]] at ipinangalan mula sa Abenida Katipunan. Nakuha ng abenida ang pangalan nito mula sa [[Katipunan]].

Nagsisilbi ang himpilang Katipunan bilang pansampung himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pangalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]]. Dahil katabi nito ang Abenida Katipunan, malapit ito sa mga paaralan tulad ng [[Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila]] at Kolehiyo ng Miriam na medyo malaya-layo rin sa himpilan. Bumababa rin sa himpilang Katipunan ang mga taong papunta ng [[Pamantasan ng Pilipinas]] sa Diliman, na medyo malayo-layo rin mula sa himpilan.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga bus, dyip, taksi, at mga traysikel na pwedeng sakyan upang ikutin ang Abenida Katipunan.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|[[Philippine School of Business Administration]], Tindahan
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''B1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=500 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''B2&lt;br&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Katipunan station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Katipunan]]</text>
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        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="4476" sha1="d1ctiaj0zqre5liuvk6r28167n0cnwi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Katipunan
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Katipunan Station Platform 1.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Katipunan
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Bulebar Aurora]] pgt. [[Abenida Katipunan]] ([[Circumferential Road 5|C-5]]) &lt;br&gt;[[Lungsod ng Quezon#Loyola Heights|Loyola Heights]], [[Lungsod ng Quezon]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|51.95|N|121|04|22.65|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Ilalim ng lupa
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       =
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Ka
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Katipunan''' o '''Himpilang Katipunan''' ay isang himpilan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Ito lamang ang himpilan sa linya na matatagpuan sa ilalim ng lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa Loyola Heights sa [[Lungsod ng Quezon]] at ipinangalan mula sa Abenida Katipunan. Nakuha ng abenida ang pangalan nito mula sa [[Katipunan]].

Nagsisilbi ang himpilang Katipunan bilang pansampung himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pangalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]]. Dahil katabi nito ang Abenida Katipunan, malapit ito sa mga paaralan tulad ng [[Pamantasang Ateneo de Manila]] at Kolehiyo ng Miriam na medyo malaya-layo rin sa himpilan. Bumababa rin sa himpilang Katipunan ang mga taong papunta ng [[Pamantasan ng Pilipinas]] sa Diliman, na medyo malayo-layo rin mula sa himpilan.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga bus, dyip, taksi, at mga traysikel na pwedeng sakyan upang ikutin ang Abenida Katipunan.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|[[Philippine School of Business Administration]], Tindahan
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''B1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 0 gray;&quot; width=500 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''B2&lt;br&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Katipunan station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Katipunan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Legarda</title>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>1944070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:31:34Z</timestamp>
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        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="4130" sha1="m2ujbp0igf5te5m6v1xlwm3wc3lf8yj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Legarda
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Legarda Station Platform 1.jpg 
 | image_size     = 300
 | color          = 324a9c
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Legarda
 | address        = [[Kalye Legarda]], [[San Miguel, Maynila|San Miguel]], [[Maynila]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|36|03.06|N|120|59|33.69|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other= 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = 
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2004
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Pureza|next=Recto}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Le
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Legarda''' o '''Himpilang Legarda''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Legarda ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa.  Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Sampaloc, Maynila|Sampaloc]] sa [[Maynila]] at ipinangalan sa [[Kalye Legarda]], kung saan nakaupo ang himpilan.

Nagsisilbi bilang pangalawang himpilan ang himpilang Legarda para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa  [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pansampung himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Himpilang Recto ng LRT|Recto]]. Malapit ito sa Palengke ng Sampaloc, isa sa mga pinakamalaking palengke sa [[Maynila]].  Malapit din ito sa [[University of the East]].

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa labas ng estasyon.  Ang mga bus at mga dyip ay dumadaan sa mga Abenida Legarda at C.M. Recto.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L3&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Tindahan
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Legarda]]</text>
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      <id>2241190</id>
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      <text bytes="4058" sha1="gqd6li7k5jozmro2or7ur407fdosbe9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Legarda
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Legarda Station Platform 1.jpg 
 | image_size     = 300
 | color          = 324a9c
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Legarda
 | address        = [[Kalye Legarda]], [[San Miguel, Maynila|San Miguel]], [[Maynila]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|36|03.06|N|120|59|33.69|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other= 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = 
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2004
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       =
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Le
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Legarda''' o '''Himpilang Legarda''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Legarda ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa.  Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Sampaloc, Maynila|Sampaloc]] sa [[Maynila]] at ipinangalan sa [[Kalye Legarda]], kung saan nakaupo ang himpilan.

Nagsisilbi bilang pangalawang himpilan ang himpilang Legarda para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa  [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pansampung himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Himpilang Recto ng LRT|Recto]]. Malapit ito sa Palengke ng Sampaloc, isa sa mga pinakamalaking palengke sa [[Maynila]].  Malapit din ito sa [[University of the East]].

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa labas ng estasyon.  Ang mga bus at mga dyip ay dumadaan sa mga Abenida Legarda at C.M. Recto.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L3&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Tindahan
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Legarda]]</text>
      <sha1>gqd6li7k5jozmro2or7ur407fdosbe9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241200</id>
      <parentid>2241190</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:02:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4158" sha1="bp751vvn2a9lhd6k9jy1vm3sahhoguu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Legarda
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Legarda Station Platform 1.jpg 
 | image_size     = 300
 | color          = 324a9c
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Legarda
 | address        = [[Kalye Legarda]], [[San Miguel, Maynila|San Miguel]], [[Maynila]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|36|03.06|N|120|59|33.69|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other= 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = 
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2004
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Pureza|next=Recto}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Le
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Legarda''' o '''Himpilang Legarda''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Legarda ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa.  Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Sampaloc, Maynila|Sampaloc]] sa [[Maynila]] at ipinangalan sa [[Kalye Legarda]], kung saan nakaupo ang himpilan.

Nagsisilbi bilang pangalawang himpilan ang himpilang Legarda para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa  [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pansampung himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Himpilang Recto ng LRT|Recto]]. Malapit ito sa Palengke ng Sampaloc, isa sa mga pinakamalaking palengke sa [[Maynila]].  Malapit din ito sa [[University of the East]].

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa labas ng estasyon.  Ang mga bus at mga dyip ay dumadaan sa mga Abenida Legarda at C.M. Recto.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L3&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Tindahan
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Legarda]]</text>
      <sha1>bp751vvn2a9lhd6k9jy1vm3sahhoguu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Recto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>69185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241201</id>
      <parentid>2119545</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:02:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5259" sha1="1kbvi0xk8ngfhisffdsj2p1raysnauj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Recto
 | type           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Recto Station Platform 3.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Recto
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Abenida Recto]]&lt;br&gt;[[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Santa Cruz]], [[Manila]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|36|12.59|N|120|59|00.25|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = Paglipat sa Linyang Lunti sa pamamagitan ng taas na lakaran papuntang Estasyon ng [[Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Doroteo Jose]].
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = 
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Oktubre 29, 2004 
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       ={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Legarda|next=}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Re
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | owned          =[[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       =[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Recto''' o '''Himpilang Recto''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Recto ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Sta. Cruz]] sa [[Maynila]] at ipinangalan sa [[Abenida Recto]], kung saan nakaupo ang himpilan. Ipinangalan naman ang abenida kay [[Claro M. Recto]], isang sikat na politiko.

Ang himpilang Recto ay ang kanlurang hangganan ng MRT-2 kung saan nagwawakas ang ruta ng mga treng MRT-2 mula sa [[Estasyon ng Antipolo (LRT)|Antipolo]]. Ito rin ang unang himpilan para sa mga tren na patungong Antipolo.

Malapit ang himpilan sa Ospital na Pangalaala ng Fabella o Fabella Memorial Hospital at sa  [[Kulungan ng Maynila (Kulungang Bilibid)]] kung saan itinatago ang mga kriminal sa Maynila.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa isang himpilang pantransportasyon sa labas ng estasyon. Ang himpilang iyon ay matatagpuan sa Abenida Recto.

May isang tulay rin na nagdudugtong sa Himpilang Recto ng Linyang Murado sa Himpilang [[Estasyong Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Doroteo Jose]] ng [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Luntian]].  Pwedeng sumakay ang mga pasahero ng mga tren ng Linyang Dilaw patungong [[Himpilang Baclaran ng LRT|Baclaran]] o [[Himpilang Monumento ng LRT|Monumento]] sa pagdaan sa tulay na ito.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L4&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papunta sa pagpapalit ng riles →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L3'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Tawiran/&lt;br&gt;Tulay&lt;br&gt;
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Tawiran, Tulay papuntang [[Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose]] ng [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|LRT-1]], Tulay papuntang Odeon Terminal Mall
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Isetann Recto, Odeon Terminal Mall, Nice Hotel
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Recto station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Recto]]</text>
      <sha1>1kbvi0xk8ngfhisffdsj2p1raysnauj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241202</id>
      <parentid>2241201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:03:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5266" sha1="ohkrpnegiez533h4dwcejr0aeldpcs9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Recto
 | type           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Recto Station Platform 3.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Recto
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Abenida Recto]]&lt;br&gt;[[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Santa Cruz]], [[Manila]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|36|12.59|N|120|59|00.25|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = Paglipat sa Linyang Lunti sa pamamagitan ng taas na lakaran papuntang Estasyon ng [[Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Doroteo Jose]].
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = 
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Oktubre 29, 2004 
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       ={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Legarda|next=Tutuban}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Re
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | owned          =[[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       =[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Recto''' o '''Himpilang Recto''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Recto ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Sta. Cruz]] sa [[Maynila]] at ipinangalan sa [[Abenida Recto]], kung saan nakaupo ang himpilan. Ipinangalan naman ang abenida kay [[Claro M. Recto]], isang sikat na politiko.

Ang himpilang Recto ay ang kanlurang hangganan ng MRT-2 kung saan nagwawakas ang ruta ng mga treng MRT-2 mula sa [[Estasyon ng Antipolo (LRT)|Antipolo]]. Ito rin ang unang himpilan para sa mga tren na patungong Antipolo.

Malapit ang himpilan sa Ospital na Pangalaala ng Fabella o Fabella Memorial Hospital at sa  [[Kulungan ng Maynila (Kulungang Bilibid)]] kung saan itinatago ang mga kriminal sa Maynila.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa isang himpilang pantransportasyon sa labas ng estasyon. Ang himpilang iyon ay matatagpuan sa Abenida Recto.

May isang tulay rin na nagdudugtong sa Himpilang Recto ng Linyang Murado sa Himpilang [[Estasyong Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Doroteo Jose]] ng [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Linyang Luntian]].  Pwedeng sumakay ang mga pasahero ng mga tren ng Linyang Dilaw patungong [[Himpilang Baclaran ng LRT|Baclaran]] o [[Himpilang Monumento ng LRT|Monumento]] sa pagdaan sa tulay na ito.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L4&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papunta sa pagpapalit ng riles →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L3'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Tawiran/&lt;br&gt;Tulay&lt;br&gt;
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Tawiran, Tulay papuntang [[Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose ng LRT|Estasyon ng Doroteo Jose]] ng [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|LRT-1]], Tulay papuntang Odeon Terminal Mall
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Isetann Recto, Odeon Terminal Mall, Nice Hotel
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Recto station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Recto]]</text>
      <sha1>ohkrpnegiez533h4dwcejr0aeldpcs9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Binondo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>75713</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241057</id>
      <parentid>2217230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T12:04:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>+ link sa [[baryong Tsino]]</comment>
      <origin>2241057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12058" sha1="c600x49j6fvp4496mypzlz2v6cy23aj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Settlement
|name                   = Binondo
| translit_lang1        = iba
| translit_lang1_type2  = [[Traditional Chinese character|Tsino]]
| translit_lang1_info2  = 岷倫洛區
|nickname               = [[Chinatown]]
|image_skyline          = Talaksan:Filipino-Chinese Friendship Arch at Binondo.jpg
|image_caption          = Arko ng Pagkakaibigan ng mga Pilipino at Tsino
|image_map              = Ph fil manila binondo.png
|map_caption            = Kinaroroonan ng Binondo sa Maynila
|subdivision_type       = Bansa
|subdivision_name       = [[Pilipinas]]
|subdivision_type1      = Rehiyon
|subdivision_name1      = [[Kalakhang Maynila|Pambansang Punong Rehiyon]]
|subdivision_type2      = Lungsod
|subdivision_name2      = [[Maynila]]
|subdivision_type3      = Distritong Pambatas
|subdivision_name3      = [[Distritong pambatas ng Lungsod ng Maynila|ika-3 distrito ng Maynila]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[Barangays]]
|subdivision_name4      = [[#Barangays|10]]
|area_total_km2         = 0.66
|area_total_sq_mi       = 0.26
|population_as_of       = 2020&lt;ref name=Census2020&gt;{{cite web |title=Highlights of the National Capital Region (NCR) Population 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH) |trans-title=Mga Haylayt ng Populasyon ng Pambansang Rehiyong Kapital (NCR) 2020 Senso ng Populasyon at Pabahay (2020 CPH) |lang=en |url=https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/node/165009 |website=Philippine Statistics Authority |access-date=14 Nobyembre 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|population_total       = 20,491
|population_density_km2 = auto
|settlement_type=}}
{{Chinese
|t={{linktext|岷|倫|洛|區}}
|s={{linktext|岷|伦|洛|区}}
|p=Mín lún luò qū
|poj=Mín-lû-lo-ke
|j= man4 leon4 lok3 keoi1 au1
}}
[[Talaksan:A dancing lion together with the sparkling firecrackers as a symbol of bringing good fortune and chase away evil spirits. It was performed at Binondo, Manila Philippines during Chinese New Year 2020 celebration.jpg|thumb|Selebrasyon ng bagong taon ng mga Tsino sa Binondo]]
Ang '''Binondo''' ({{zh|c=岷倫洛|p=Mínlúnluò||poj=Bîn-lûn-lo̍h|s=|t=}}) ay isang distrito sa [[Maynila]] na pangunahing tinitirahan ng mga imigranteng Tsino sa [[Pilipinas]]. Umaabot ang impluwensiya nito hanggang sa mga karatig na lugar na [[Quiapo, Maynila|Quiapo]], [[Santa Cruz, Maynila|Santa Cruz]], [[San Nicolas, Maynila|San Nicolas]] at [[Tondo, Maynila|Tondo]]. Ito ang pinakamatandang [[baryong Tsino]] o ''Chinatown'' sa buong mundo, na itinatag noong 1594&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Geni Raitisoja |date=Hulyo 8, 2006 |title=Chinatown Manila: Oldest in the world |trans-title=Baryo Tsino ng Maynila: Pinakamatanda sa mundo |url=http://radio86.com/travel/destinations/chinatown-manila-oldest-world |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327040651/http://radio86.com/travel/destinations/chinatown-manila-oldest-world |archive-date=Marso 27, 2012 |access-date=Enero 12, 2015 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByWDCwAAQBAJ&amp;q=binondo+oldest+chinatown|title=The SAGE Encyclopedia of Economics and Society|isbn=9781452226439|last=Wherry|first=Frederick F.|publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|date=2015-09-01|page=355|access-date=2020-08-04|lang=en|trans-title=Ang Ensiklopedyang SAGE ng Ekonomika at Lipunan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Umali |first=Justin |date=2019-02-04 |title=How Binondo Became the World's Oldest Chinatown |language=en |trans-title=Kung Paano Naging Pinakamatandang Baryo Tsino ng Mundo ang Binondo |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |publisher=[[Summit Media]] |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/long-reads/features/binondo-history-oldest-chinatown-a2212-20190204-lfrm |access-date=2020-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUOzAQAAQBAJ&amp;q=binondo+oldest+chinatown|title=Chinatowns around the World: Gilded Ghetto, Ethnopolis, and Cultural Diaspora|author1=Bernard P. Wong|author2=Chee-Beng Tan|isbn=9789004255906|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|date=2013-03-21|page=272|access-date=2020-08-04|lang=en|trans-title=Mga Baryo Tsino sa Buong Mundo: Ginintuang Iskwateran, Etnopolis, at Kultural na Diaspora}}&lt;/ref&gt; ng mga Kastila bilang pamayanan malapit sa [[Intramuros]] na sa kabila lang ng [[Ilog Pasig]] para sa mga Katolikong Tsino; nakaposisyon ito upang mabantayan nang mabuti ng administrasyong kolonyal ang kanilang mga migranteng sinakop.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Simon Ostheimer |date=Setyembre 12, 2012 |title=World's best Chinatowns |trans-title=Ang mga pinakamagagandang Baryo Tsino sa mundo |url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-best-chinatowns-324704 |access-date=Enero 12, 2015 |language=en |archive-date=Hulyo 2, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702195603/http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/escape/worlds-best-chinatowns-324704/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isa na itong sentro ng komersiyo ng mga Tsino bago pa man ang pananakop ng mga Kastila. Sentro ang Binondo ng komersiyo at kalakalan sa [[Maynila]], kung saan umuunlad ang lahat ng uri ng negosyong pinapatakbo ng mga Pilipinong Tsino.

Kabilang sa mga tanyag na residente sina [[Lorenzo Ruiz|San Lorenzo Ruiz]], ang Pilipinong protomartir, at Kagalang-galang na [[Ignacia del Espiritu Santo|Madre Ignacia del Espiritu Santo]], tagapagtatag ng Kongregasyon ng Relihiyoso ng Birheng Maria.

== Etimolohiya ==
Maraming teorya sa pinagmulan ng pangalang &quot;Binondo&quot;, at ng &quot;Tondo&quot;, ang karatig distrito nito, ang iniharap. 

Iminungkahi ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas na si [[Nick Joaquin]] na maaaring hango ang mga pangalan sa makalumang pagbaybay ng &quot;''binondoc''&quot; sa wikang [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (modernong ortograpiya: ''binundok''), na tumutukoy sa dating maburol na lupain ng Binondo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Joaqiun|first=Nick|author-link=Nick Joaqiun|title=Manila, My Manila: A History for the Young|url=https://archive.org/details/manilamymanila0000joaq|publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc.|date=1990|location=City of Manila|isbn=978-9715693134|lang=en|trans-title=Maynila, Aking Maynila: Isang Kasaysayan para sa Mga Kabataan}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ocampo&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last1=Ocampo|first1=Ambeth|title=Looking Back: Volume 1|date=2012|publisher=Anvil Publishing, Inc.|isbn=9789712736087|lang=en|trans-title=Pagbabalik-tanaw: Bolyum 1}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Subalit iminungkahi naman ni Jean-Paul Potet, isang dalubwikang Pranses, na nagmula ito sa tundok&quot;, ang dating tawag sa tinduk-tindukan (''Aegiceras corniculatum''), na may [[Unlapi|unlaping]] 'Bi-&quot; sa &quot;Binondo&quot; na nagpapahiwatig ng lokasyon ng Binondo mula sa Tondo.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Potet|first=Jean-Paul G.|title=Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog|date=2013|pages=444|publisher=Lulu.com|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-bBQAAQBAJ|isbn=9781291457261|lang=en|trans-title=Mga Arabeng at Persang Salitang-hiram sa Tagalog}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasaysayan ==
Mahaba ang naitalang kasaysayan ng Binondo. Dala ito ng lokasyon ng lugar mula sa Manila Bay, Ilog Pasig at Intramuros. 

Rito, ang Manila Bay ay nagsisilbing pantalan ng mga galleon at Tsinong bapor, ang Ilog Pasig ang nagiging lagusan tungo sa pampang at taga-dugtong ng mga estero kung saan nabibigyang daan ang madaling palitan ng mga kalakal. At ang Intramuros na nagdadala ng mga residente tungo sa Binondo, na interesado sa samu't saring kalakal ng mga galleon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Through the Galleries |url=https://www.chinatownmuseum.org/through-galleries |website=Chinatown Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nahahati ang Binondo sa iba't ibang kilalang kalye tulad ng Paseo de Azcarraga (ngayong Recto Avenue)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de Viana |first=Augusto |date=June 24, 2007 |title=Old Manila streets lose names to politicians |url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070624-72957/Old_Manila_streets_lose_names_to_politicians |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100717141746/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/nation/view/20070624-72957/Old_Manila_streets_lose_names_to_politicians |archive-date=July 17, 2010 |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=Inquirer}}&lt;/ref&gt;, Calle Nueva (ngayong Yuchengco Street), Calle Reyna Cristina (ngayong Reina Regente), Calle Sacristia (ngayong Ongpin Street) at iba pa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ocampo |first=Ambeth |date=January 24, 2020 |title=The Binondo of Rizal’s ‘Noli’ |work=Inquirer.net |url=https://opinion.inquirer.net/126854/the-binondo-of-rizals-noli#:~:text=Rizal%20might%20get%20lost%20because,by%20law%20into%20Yuchengco%20Street.}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=List of renamed streets in Metro Manila |date=2025-01-14 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_renamed_streets_in_Metro_Manila |work=Wikipedia |language=en |access-date=2025-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Alcaiceria de San Fernando ===
Ang Alcaiceria ay ang kauna-unahang ''trade hub'' ng mga Tsino sa Binondo. Ito ay pinatayo noong 1752 sa utos ni Ferdinand VI.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Quirino |first=Carlos |title=Carlos L. Quirino's Old Manila |publisher=Manila: Vibal Foundation |year=2016 |isbn=9789719706977 |pages=83-87}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa kasalukuyan, ito ay matatagpuan sa dating Calle San Fernando (ngayo'y San Fernando Street) sa San Nicolas, Maynila. 

Ang disenyo ng gusali ay inihalintulad sa isang ''bagua'', isang simbolong Tsino na sinsabing nagbigay inspirasyon sa arkitekto nito na kinilalang Lucas de Jesús María.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Quirino |first=Carlos |title=Old Manila |date=2016 |publisher=Vibal Foundation |isbn=9789719706977 |location=Manila |publication-date=2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Escolta ===
Kinilala bilang Calle de la Escolta o simpleng Escolta, masasabing naging sentro ng kalakalan ng Binondo ang Escolta noong taong 1870s dahil sa pag-akit nito ng dagsaang banyagang interesadong magtayo ng kani-kanilang negosyo o ''cosmopolitan''.

Ang kalye na ito tumatakbo sa gilid ng Ilog Pasig, mula sa Plaza Santa Cruz hanggang sa Plaza Moraga at Kalye ng Quintin Paredes&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Layug |first=Benjamin |date=June 19, 2013 |title=A walking tour of Escolta |url=http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/lifestyle/life/15211-a-walking-tour-of-escolta |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001530/http://www.businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/lifestyle/life/15211-a-walking-tour-of-escolta |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |website=Business Mirror}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Escolta Street |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/escolta-street/m0x2b51l?hl=en |website=Google Arts &amp; Culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang Escolta patuloy na yumabong hanggang 1960 bago ito napalitan ng Makati bilang sentro ng kalakalan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Calle Escolta |url=https://chinatownmuseum.org/learn/calle-escolta |website=Chinatown Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kasalukuyan ===
Sa kasalukuyan, pinag-iingatan ang kasaysayan ng lugar na ito sa pamamagitan ng Chinatown Museum sa 4th floor ng Lucky Chinatown Mall na ibinukas sa publiko ng taong 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rodriguez III |first=Feliciano |date=June 26, 2019 |title=World's Oldest Chinatown gets its own 'Instagrammable Museum' |url=https://chinatownmuseum.org/index.php/press/worlds-oldest-chinatown-gets-its-own-instagrammable-museum |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=Chinatown Museum}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lago |first=Amanda |date=June 7, 2019 |title=IN PHOTOS: The new Chinatown Museum in Binondo |url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-culture/232519-photos-chinatown-museum-binondo-manila/ |access-date=February 4, 2025 |website=Rappler}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 19, 2022 |title=Chinatown Museum reopens with Digital Manila exhibit |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/07/19/22/chinatown-museum-reopens-with-digital-manila-exhibit |website=ABS-CBN News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Galeriya==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
Binondo, Pasig River (Manila; 11-24-2019).jpg|Tanawin ng Binondo mula [[Tulay ng Jones]].
Binondo Church Facade.jpg|[[Simbahan ng Binondo]]
Plaza Moraga.jpg|Plaza Moraga
Ph-mm-manila-binondo-escolta - street view (2014).jpeg|[[Kalye Escolta]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Binondo| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Linda Ronstadt</title>
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      <text bytes="10807" sha1="8nlq7yzwtfla0hlngnunpo4ebok52nf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist  &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --&gt;
| name                = Linda Ronstadt
| image               = LindaRonstadtPerforming.jpg
| caption             = Si Ronstadt habang nagtatanghal.
| alt                 = Si Ronstadt, sa kaagahan hanggang kalagitnaan ng edad na 30, ay kumakanta sa isang konsiyerto na nakasuot ng isang pang-itaas na kamisolang may kulay na mapusyaw na sutlang rosas at maputlang pulang pantalon, at may hindi gaanong kahabaang buhok, na ang dalawang mga kamay ay may tangang mikropono na nasa isang naitatayong suksukan ng mikropono.
| image_size          =
| background          = solo_singer
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|1946|7|15}}
| birth_name          = Linda Maria Ronstadt&lt;ref name=&quot;allmusic1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Erlewine |first=Stephen Thomas |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p5302/biography|pure_url=yes}} |title= ( ( ( Linda Ronstadt &amp;gt; Biography ))) |publisher=allmusic |accessdate=2009-12-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| origin              = [[Tucson, Arizona]], Estados Unidos
| instrument          = [[Pagkanta|Tinig]], [[gitara]], [[Instrumentong perkusyon|perkusyon]]
| genre               = [[Musikang rock|Rock]], [[rock and roll]], [[Folk music|musika ng kantahing-bayan]], [[country rock|rock na panglalawigan]], [[jazz]], [[Musikang Latina|Latinong Amerikano]], [[Tugtuging Cajun|Cajun]], [[big band|malaking banda]], [[pop rock]], [[art rock|sining na rock]], [[opereta]]
| occupation          = Mang-aawit, manunulat ng awitin, musikera, produser ng rekord, aktres
| years_active        = 1967–kasalukuyan
| label               = [[Capitol Records|Capitol]], [[Asylum Records|Asylum]], [[Verve Records|Verve]]
| associated_acts     = [[Stone Poneys]], [[Neil Young]], [[Swampwater]], [[Free Creek (banda)|Free Creek]], [[Eagles (banda)|Eagles]], [[Dolly Parton]], [[Emmylou Harris]], [[The Muppets]], [[Aaron Neville]], [[Rubén Fuentes]], {{nowrap|[[Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán|Mariachi V. de Tecalitlán]]}}, [[Nelson Riddle]], [[Ann Savoy]], [[Jackson Browne]], [[Warren Zevon]], [[Michael Nesmith]], [[Waddy Wachtel]]
| website             =
}}
[[File:Linda Ronstadt 1976.jpg|thumb|Linda Ronstadt (1976)]]

Si '''Linda Ronstadt''' (ipinanganak noong 15 Hulyo 1946) ay isang Amerikanang artistang nagrerekord ng [[tugtuging popular]].  Nagkamit siya ng labing-isang [[Gantimpalang Grammy]], dalawang mga gantimpala ng [[Academy of Country Music|Akademya ng Tugtuging Panlalawigan]], isang [[Gantimpalang Emmy]], isang [[Gantimpalang ALMA]], maraming mga album na [[Music recording sales certification|gold]], [[Music recording sales certification|platinum]] at [[Music recording sales certification|multiplatinum]] na nabigyan ng katibayan o sertipiko sa Estados Unidos at internasyunal, bilang karagdagan sa mga nominasyon sa [[Gantimpalang Tony]] at [[Golden Globe|Ginintuang Globo]].

Bilang mang-aawit, manunulat ng awit, at [[prodyuser ng rekord]], kinikilala siya bilang isang depinitibo o tiyak na [[cover version|tagapagtanghal]] at tagapagpaunawa (interprete) ng mga awit.&lt;ref name=interpreter4&gt;{{cite news | newspaper=San Diego Union Tribune |date= 21 Nobyembre 2004 |title=A 'song interpreter' for her times: Linda Ronstadt is ready to give jazz another whirl |author=George Varga |url= http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20041121-9999-1a21linda.html |accessdate = 2008-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilang isa sa pinaka malikhain at matagumpay na pangkumersiyong babaeng manganganta sa larangan ng musika sa [[kasaysayan ng Estados Unidos]], kinikilala siya dahil sa kanyang maraming mga yugtong pampubliko ng muling pag-imbento ng sarili at mga inkarnasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;artisticdirector1&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title=Once a Rock Star, Now a Matriarch of Mariachi | newspaper=The New York Times | author=Patricia Leigh Brown | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/arts/music/21brow.html?_r=1&amp;pagewanted=2 | accessdate = 2009-04-05 | date=2008-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bilang may isang ulit na katayuan bilang [[List of honorific titles in popular music|Reyna ng Rock]],&lt;ref name=USRonstadt&gt;{{cite web | title=The Queens of Rock: Ronstadt, Mitchell, Simon and Nicks talk of their men, music and life on the road | author=Ed Ward | date = 21 Pebrero 1978 | work=Us Weekly | url=http://www.ronstadt-linda.com/artus78.htm | accessdate = 2007-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;interpreter6&quot;&gt;{{cite web | publisher=Rolling Stone | title=Linda Ronstadt | url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/linda-ronstadt/biography | accessdate=2007-05-13 | archive-date=2015-12-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151217201343/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/artists/linda-ronstadt/biography | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kung saan nagawaran siya ng pamagat na &quot;pinaka mataas na kumikitang babae sa rock&quot;,&lt;ref name=Time&gt;{{cite web | title=Linda Down The Wind | work=Time | date=28 Pebrero 1977 | url=http://www.ronstadt-linda.com/inttime.htm | accessdate = 2008-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;doubleplatinum&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title=We Gotta Get Out of This Place: The True, Tough Story of Women in Rock | author=Gerri Hirshey | publisher=Grove Press | page=86 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-SiL4_ay5zoC&amp;pg=PA86&amp;lpg=PA86&amp;dq=%22highest+paid+woman+in+rock%22#PPA86,M1 | accessdate = 2007-05-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; at nakilala bilang [[List of honorific titles in popular music|Unang Ginang ng Rock]], siya ay mas kamakailang bumangon bilang [[matriyarka]] ng musika, [[tagapagtaguyod]] ng sining na internasyunal&lt;ref name=&quot;artisticdirector1&quot;/&gt; at tagapagtangkilik ng mga [[karapatang pantao]].&lt;ref name=&quot;humanrights&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title=Linda Ronstadt Returns, Joe Arpaio Hunts Hispanics, and ACLU Announces Plans to Sue Over SB 1070 | work=The Phoenix New Times | author=Stephen Lemons | date=28 Abril 2010 | url=http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/bastard/2010/04/joe_arpaio_anti-immigrant_swee.php | accessdate=2010-04-30 | archive-date=2010-04-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430230711/http://blogs.phoenixnewtimes.com/bastard/2010/04/joe_arpaio_anti-immigrant_swee.php | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;gayhumanrights&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Linda Ronstat's Gay Mission | work=Planet Out | date=26 Agosto 2009 | author=Jenny Stewart | url=http://www.gay.net/entertainment/2009/08/legend-linda-ronstadt-gay-lesbian-mission.html | accessdate=2010-04-30 | archive-date=2012-07-31 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120731025545/http://www.gay.net/entertainment/2009/08/legend-linda-ronstadt-gay-lesbian-mission.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nakipagtulungan si Ronstadt sa mga artista mula sa isang samu't saring [[espektro]] ng mga henero - kabilang sina [[Billy Eckstine]],&lt;ref name=Eckstine&gt;{{cite web | title=Playboy After Dark DVD Collection | work=God Bless the Child Linda Ronstadt and Billy Eckstine Oktubre 1969 Duet | url=http://www.audiofidelity.net/pc-dvd-playboy.html | accessdate=2009-08-10 | archive-date=2006-08-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821235734/http://www.audiofidelity.net/pc-dvd-playboy.html | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Frank Zappa]], [[Rosemary Clooney]], [[Flaco Jiménez]], [[Philip Glass]], [[Carla Bley]], [[The Chieftains]], [[Gram Parsons]], [[Dolly Parton]], [[Kate at Anna McGarrigle]] at isinaliw ang kanyang tinig sa mahigit sa 120 mga album sa buong mundo.&lt;ref name=Guest&gt;{{cite web | title=Linda Ronstadt Guest Appearances and Unique Recordings | date=12 Setyembre 2006 | url=http://www.ronstadt-linda.com/GuestAppearances.pdf | format=PDF | accessdate=2007-08-30 | archive-date=2008-05-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509070218/http://www.ronstadt-linda.com/GuestAppearances.pdf | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kinilala siya ni Christopher Loudon ng ''[[Jazz Times]]'' noong 2004, na nagsasabing &quot;Pinagpalang may maipagtatanggol na pinaka dalisay na pangkat ng mga tubo (ng tinig) ng kanyang salinlahi ... pinaka bihira sa mga hindi karaniwan - isang [[balubid]] na makahahalo sa anumang panlikod na palamuti ngunit nananatiling matapang (sa timpla) ang pagiging bukod-tangi ... Isa itong natatanging handog; isang pinagsasaluhan ng mangilan-ngilang iba pa.&quot;&lt;ref name=JazzTimes2&gt;{{cite web | title=Linda Ronstadt: ''Hummin' to Myself'' (Verve) | author=Christopher Loudon | work=JazzTimes | url=http://jazztimes.com/reviews/cd_reviews/detail.cfm?article_id=15185&amp;section=CD%20Reviews&amp;issue=200412 | date=Disyembre 2004 | accessdate=2007-04-19 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070413113105/http://www.jazztimes.com/reviews/cd_reviews/detail.cfm?article_id=15185&amp;section=CD+Reviews&amp;issue=200412 | archivedate=2007-04-13 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa kabuuan, nakapagpakawala siya ng mahigit sa 30 solong mga album, ng lampas sa 15 mga album na [[Kumpilasyong album|kumpilasyon]] (kalipunan) o [[greatest hits|pinaka mahuhusay na mga patok]].  Nakapagtalangguhit si Ronstadt ng tatlumpu't walong mga singgulo sa [[Billboard Hot 100]] (&quot;100 Maiinit [na tugtugin] sa Billboard&quot;), dalawampu't isa sa mga ito ang umabot sa pangunahing 40 (''Top 40''), na sampu sa mga ito ang nakarating sa pangunahing 10, na tatlo ang rumurok sa #2, na ang #1 naging sikat ay ang &quot;[[You're No Good]]&quot;. Sa Nagkakaisang Kaharian, ang kanyang singgulong &quot;[[Blue Bayou#Linda Ronstadt version|Blue Bayou]]&quot; ay nakarating sa Pangunahing 40&amp;nbsp;ng Nagkakaisang Kaharian&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Linda Ronstadt |url=http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=2688 |publisher=Chart Stats |accessdate=2009-09-25 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120722025607/http://www.chartstats.com/artistinfo.php?id=2688 |archivedate=2012-07-22 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; at ang tambalan nila ni Aaron Neville, sa &quot;[[Don't Know Much]]&quot;, ay rumurok sa #2 noong Disyembre 1989.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=16995 |title=Don't Know Much |publisher=Chart Stats |accessdate=2009-09-25 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224093555/http://www.chartstats.com/songinfo.php?id=16995 |archivedate=2013-12-24 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilang dagdag, nakapagtalungguhit siya ng tatlumpu't anim na mga album, sampung mga album na ''Top 10'' (pangunahing sampu), at tatlong #1 na mga album sa Talangguhitan ng Album na Pop ng magasing ''[[Billboard (magasin)|Billboard]]''.  Noong 2011, napangalanan siya bilang isa sa ''&quot;100 Hottest Women of All-Time&quot;'' (100 Pinaka Maiinit na mga Babae sa Lahat ng Panahon) ng ''[[Men's Health (magasin)|Men's Health]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The 100 Hottest Women of All-Time|url=http://www.menshealth.com/sex-women/hottest-women-all-time|work=[[Men's Health (magasin)|Men's Health]]|accessdate=27 Marso 2012|year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}

{{bd|1946||Ronstadt, Linda}}

[[Kategorya:Mga artista mula sa Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategorya:Mga kompositor mula sa Estados Unidos]]</text>
      <sha1>8nlq7yzwtfla0hlngnunpo4ebok52nf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mga rehiyon ng Italya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>129160</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241175</id>
      <parentid>2235915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:12:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241175</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4021" sha1="75kv0kc2o0amg3juclib97cjsi0t94n" xml:space="preserve">{{Italy Labelled Map|float=right}}Ang '''mga rehiyon ng Italya''' ay ang unang antas ng pampangasiwaang pagkakabaha-bahagi ng [[Italya]]. Mayroong dalawampung rehiyon ang Italya, kung saan lima dito ay ipinagkalooban ng saligang batas nang higit na kapangyarihan sa pagsasarili. Ang bawat rehiyon (maliban sa Lambak ng Aosta) ay nahahati sa mga lalawigan. 

== Talaan ==


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!width=&quot;120px&quot;| Rehiyon
!width=&quot;120px&quot;| Pang-uri
!width=&quot;80px&quot;| [[Kabesera]]
!width=&quot;90px&quot;| [[Lawak]] (km²)
!width=&quot;80px&quot;| [[Populasyon]]
|-
| [[Abruzos]]
| Abruzzese
| [[L'Aquila]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|10794}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1324000}}
|-
| ''[[Aosta Valley|Lambak Aosta]]''
| Valdôtain
| [[Aosta|Aosta/Aoste]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|3263}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|126000}}
|-
| [[Apulia]]
| Apulian
| [[Bari]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|19362}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|4076000}}
|-
| [[Basilicata]]
| Lucan
| [[Potenza]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|9992}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|591000}}
|-
| [[Calabria]]
| Calabrian
| [[Catanzaro]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|15080}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|2007000}}
|-
| [[Campania]]
| Campanian
| [[Napoles]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|13595}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|5811000}}
|-
| [[Emilia-Romagna|Emilia-Romaña]]
| Emiliano o Romagnol
| [[Bolonia]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|22124}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|4276000}}
|-
| ''[[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Friul-Venecia Julia]]''
| Friulian
| [[Trieste]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|7855}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1222000}}
|-
| [[Lacio]]
| Latial
| [[Roma]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|17207}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|5561000}}
|-
| [[Liguria]]
| Ligurian
| [[Genova]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|5421}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1610000}}
|-
| [[Lombardy|Lombardia]]
| Lombard
| [[Milan]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|23861}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|9642000}}
|-
| [[Marche|Marcas]]
| Marchisan
| [[Ancona]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|9694}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1553000}}
|-
| [[Molise]]
| Molisan
| [[Campobasso]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|4438}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|320000}}
|-
| [[Piedmont|Piamonte]]
| Piedmontese
| [[Turin]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|25399}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|4401000}}
|-
| ''[[Sardinia|Cerdeña]]''
| Sardinian
| [[Cagliari]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|24090}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1666000}}
|-
| ''[[Sicily|Sicilia]]''
| Sicilian
| [[Palermo]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|25708}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|5030000}}
|-
| ''[[Trentino-Alto Adige|Trentino-Alto Adigio]]''
| Trentino o Timog Tiroles/a
| [[Trento]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|13607}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|1007000}}
|-
| [[Tuscany|Toscana]]
| Tuscan
| [[Florencia]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|22997}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|3677000}}
|-
| [[Umbría]]
| Umbrian
| [[Perugia]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|8456}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|884000}}
|-
| [[Veneto]]
| Venetian
| [[Venecia]]
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|18391}}
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|{{nts|4832000}}
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Mga lalawigan ng Italya]]
* Mga ''[[comune]]'' ng Italya
* [[Katimugang Italya]]

== Talababa ==
{{reflist}}

== Ugnay Panlabas ==
* [http://citymayors.com/government/italy_government.html CityMayors article]
=== Wikang Italyano ===
* [http://www.italia.gov.it/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=e-Italia/Structure&amp;pagetype=jsp&amp;jspName=e-Italia/livello2/tuaRegione&amp;canale=1147178175822 Regional Governments of Italy on Italia.gov.it]
* [http://www.governo.it/Istituzioni/index.html Regional Governments of Italy on Governo.it] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060202045836/http://www.governo.it/Istituzioni/index.html |date=2006-02-02 }}

{{Regions of Italy}}

[[Kategorya:Italya]]
[[Kategorya:Mga rehiyon ng Italya| ]]</text>
      <sha1>75kv0kc2o0amg3juclib97cjsi0t94n</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mga lalawigan ng Italya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>129165</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241176</id>
      <parentid>2226492</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:13:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rehiyon ng Calabria */</comment>
      <origin>2241176</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8085" sha1="714wc28azgz2mzk2lkjxks3gdlqin3r" xml:space="preserve">Sa '''[[Italya]]''', ang '''[[lalawigan]]''' (sa Wikang Italyano: ''provincia'') ay isang dibisyong administratibo ng kalagitnaan sa pagitan ng munisipalidad (''[[comune]]'') at [[Mga Rehiyon ng Italya|rehiyon]] (''regione'').
{{combi}}
|[[Talaksan:Italy provinces.png|right|300px]]
{{endcombi}}

== [[Abruzzo|Rehiyon ng Abruzzo]] ==

[[Talaksan:Map of region of Abruzzo, Italy, with provinces-it.svg|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Abruzzo.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Chieti|Chieti]] (CH)
* '''[[Lalawigan ng L'Aquila|L'Aquila]]''' (AQ)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pescara|Pescara]] (PE)
* [[Lalawigan ng Teramo|Teramo]] (TE)
{{clear}}

== [[Apulia|Rehiyon ng Apulia]] (Puglia) ==

[[Talaksan:Apulia Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Apulia.]]
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Bari|Bari]]''' (BA)
* [[Lalawigan ng Barletta-Andria-Trani|Barletta-Andria-Trani]] (BT)
* [[Lalawigan ng Brindisi|Brindisi]] (BR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Foggia|Foggia]] (FG)
* [[Lalawigan ng Lecce|Lecce]] (LE)
* [[Lalawigan ng Tarento|Tarento]] (TA)
{{clear}}

== [[Basilicata|Rehiyon ng Basilicata]] ==

[[Talaksan:Basilicata Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Basilicata.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Matera|Matera]] (MT)
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Potenza|Potenza]]''' (PZ)
{{clear}}

== [[Calabria|Rehiyon ng Calabria]] ==

[[Talaksan:Calabria Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Calabria.]]
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Catanzaro|Catanzaro]]''' (CZ)
* [[Lalawigan ng Cosenza|Cosenza]] (CS)
* [[Lalawigan ng Crotone|Crotona]] (KR)
* [[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Reggio Calabria|Regio de Calabria]] (RC)
* [[Lalawigan ng Vibo Valentia|Vibo Valentia]] (VV)
{{clear}}

== [[Campania|Rehiyon ng Campania]] ==

[[Talaksan:Campania Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Campania.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Avellino|Avellino]] (AV)
* [[Lalawigan ng Benevento|Benevento]] (BN)
* [[Lalawigan ng Caserta|Caserta]] (CE)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Napoles|Napoles]]''' (NA)
* [[Lalawigan ng Salerno|Salerno]] (SA)
{{clear}}

== [[Sardinia|Rehiyon ng Cerdeña]]  (Sardegna) ==
[[Talaksan:Map of region of Sardinia, Italy, with provinces-it (2025-).svg|thumb|385x385px|Mga Lalawigan ng Cerdeña.]]
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Cagliari|Cagliari]]''' (CA)
* [[Lalawigan ng Gallura Hilagang-Silangang Cerdeña|Gallura Hilagang-Silangang Cerdeña]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Medio Campidano|Medio Campidano]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Nuoro|Nuoro]] (NU)
* [[Lalawigan ng Ogliastra|Ogliastra]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Oristano|Oristan]] (OR)
* [[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Sacer|Sacer]] (SS)
* [[Lalawigan ng Sulcis Iglesiente|Sulcis Iglesiente]]

== [[Emilia-Romagna|Rehiyon ng Emilia-Romaña]] ==

[[Talaksan:Emilia-Romagna Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Emilia-Romagna.]]
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Bolonia|Bolonia]]''' (BO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Ferrara|Ferrara]] (FE)
* [[Lalawigan ng Forlì-Cesena|Forlì-Cesena]] (FC)
* [[Lalawigan ng Modena|Modena]] (MO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Parma|Parma]] (PR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Piacenza|Plasencia]] (PC)
* [[Lalawigan ng Ravenna|Ravena]] (RA)
* [[Lalawigan ng Reggio Emilia|Reggio Emilia]] (RE)
* [[Lalawigan ng Rimini|Rimini]] (RN)
{{clear}}

== [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Rehiyon ng Friul-Venecia Julia]] ==
* [[Lalawigan ng Gorizia|Gorizia]] (GO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pordenone|Pordenone]] (PN)
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Trieste|Trieste]]''' (TS)
* [[Lalawigan ng Udine|Udine]] (UD)
{{clear}}

== [[Lazio|Rehiyon ng Lazio]] ==

[[Talaksan:Latium Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Lazio.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Frosinone|Frosinone]] (FR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Latina|Latina]] (LT)
* [[Lalawigan ng Rieti|Rieti]] (RI)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Roma Capital|Roma]]''' (RM)
* [[Lalawigan ng Viterbo|Viterbo]] (VT)
{{clear}}

== [[Liguria|Rehiyon ng Liguria]] ==

[[Talaksan:Liguria Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Liguria.]]
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Genova|Genova]]''' (GE)
* [[Imperia (lalawigan)|Imperia]] (IM)
* [[Lalawigan ng La Spezia|La Spezia]] (SP)
* [[Lalawigan ng Savona|Savona]] (SV)
{{clear}}

== [[Lombardy|Rehiyon ng Lombardia]] ==

[[Talaksan:Lombardy Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Lombardia.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Bergamo|Bergamo]] (BG)
* [[Lalawigan ng Brescia|Brescia]] (BS)
* [[Lalawigan ng Como|Como]] (CO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Cremona|Cremona]] (CR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Lecco|Lecco]] (LC)
* [[Lalawigan ng Lodi|Lodi]] (LO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Mantua|Mantua (Mantova)]] (MN)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Milano|Milan]]''' (MI)
* [[Lalawigan ng Monza at Brianza|Monza at Brianza]] (MB)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pavia|Pavia]] (PV)
* [[Lalawigan ng Sondrio|Sondrio]] (SO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Varese|Varese]] (VA)
{{clear}}

== [[Marche|Rehiyon ng Marcas]] ==

[[Talaksan:Marche Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Marche.]]
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Ancona|Ancona]]''' (AN)
* [[Lalawigan ng Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]] (AP)
* [[Lalawigan ng Fermo|Fermo]] (FM)
* [[Lalawigan ng Macerata|Macerata]] (MC)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pesaro and Urbino|Pesaro at Urbino]] (PU)
{{clear}}

== [[Molise|Rehiyon ng Molise]] ==

[[Talaksan:Molise Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Molise.]]
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Campobasso|Campobasso]]''' (CB)
* [[Lalawigan ng Isernia|Isernia]] (IS)
{{clear}}

== [[Piedmont|Rehiyon ng Piamonte]] ==

[[Talaksan:Piedmont Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Piedmont.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Alessandria|Alessandria]] (AL)
* [[Lalawigan ng Asti|Asti]] (AT)
* [[Lalawigan ng Biella|Biella]] (BI)
* [[Lalawigan ng Cuneo|Cuneo]] (CN)
* [[Lalawigan ng Novara|Novara]] (NO)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Turin|Turin]]''' (TO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Verbano-Cusio-Ossola|Verbano-Cusio-Ossola]] (VB)
* [[Lalawigan ng Vercelli|Vercelli]] (VC)
{{clear}}
*

{{clear}}

== [[Sicily|Rehiyon ng Sicilia]] ==

[[Talaksan:Provinces of Sicily map.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Sicilia.]]
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Agrigento|Agrigento]] (AG)
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Caltanissetta|Caltanissetta]] (CL)
* [[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Catania|Catania]] (CT)
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Enna|Enna]] (EN)
* [[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Mesina|Mesina]] (ME)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Palermo|Palermo]]''' (PA)
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Ragusa|Ragusa]] (RG)
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Siracusa|Siracusa]] (SR)
* [[Malayang Konsorsiyong Komunal ng Trapani|Trapani]] (TP)
{{clear}}

== [[Trentino-Alto Adigio|Rehiyon ng Trentino-Alto Adigio]] ==

[[Talaksan:Trentino-South Tyrol Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Mga Lalawigan ng Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Bolzano-Bozen|Bolzano-Bozen]] (Alto Adige/Südtirol) (BZ)
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Trento|Trento]]''' (Trentino) (TN)
{{clear}}

== [[Tuscany|Rehiyon ng Toscana]] ==

[[Talaksan:Provinces of Tuscany map.png|thumb|right|300px|Lalawigan ng Tuscany.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Arezzo|Arezzo]] (AR)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Florencia|Florencia]]''' (FI)
* [[Lalawigan ng Grosseto|Grosseto]] (GR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Livorno|Livorno]] (LI)
* [[Lalawigan ng Lucca|Lucca]] (LU)
* [[Lalawigan ng Massa-Carrara|Massa-Carrara]] (MS)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pisa|Pisa]] (PI)
* [[Lalawigan ng Pistoia|Pistoia]] (PT)
* [[Lalawigan ng Prato|Prato]] (PO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Siena|Siena]] (SI)
{{clear}}

== [[Umbria|Rehiyon ng Umbria]] ==

[[Talaksan:Umbria Provinces.png|thumb|right|300px|Lalawigan ng Umbria.]]
* '''[[Lalawigan ng Perugia|Perugia]]''' (PG)
* [[Lalawigan ng Terni|Terni]] (TR)
{{clear}}

== [[Veneto|Rehiyon ng Veneto]] ==

[[Talaksan:Provinces of Veneto map.png|thumb|right|300px|Lalawigan ng Veneto.]]
* [[Lalawigan ng Belluno|Belluno]] (BL)
* [[Lalawigan ng Padua|Padua (Padova)]] (PD)
* [[Lalawigan ng Rovigo|Rovigo]] (RO)
* [[Lalawigan ng Treviso|Treviso]] (TV)
* '''[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Venecia|Venecia]]''' (VE)
* [[Lalawigan ng Verona|Verona]] (VR)
* [[Lalawigan ng Vicenza|Vicenza]] (VI)
{{clear}}

== Talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Tignan din ==
* [[Mga Rehiyon ng Italya|Mga rehiyon ng Italya]]
* [[Talaan ng mga munisipalidad ng Italya]]
* [[ISO 3166-2:IT]]

{{Articles on second-level administrative divisions of European countries}}

[[Kategorya:Italya]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Refrancore</title>
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      <text bytes="2656" sha1="cbfmmp3fd9xnmet75a3epmd7mba06d3" xml:space="preserve">&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 
{{Infobox Italian comune|name=Refrancore|official_name=Comune di Refrancore|native_name=|image_skyline=Sfilata sagre trattore Refrancore.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=refrancore-Stemma.png|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|44|56|14|N|8|20|31|E|region:IT_type:city(1,638)|display=inline}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Piamonte]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Asti|Asti]] (AT)|frazioni=Barcara, Bonina, Calcini, Maddalena, Platona, Rossi|mayor_party=|mayor=Roberta VOLPATO|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=13.15|population_footnotes=|population_total=1667|population_as_of=Hulyo 31, 2010|pop_density_footnotes=|population_demonym=Refrancoresi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=150|twin1=|twin1_country=|saint=[[Dionisio ng Paris|San Dionisio ng Paris]]|day=Setyembre 18|postal_code=14030|area_code=0141|website={{official website|http://www.comune.refrancore.at.it}}|footnotes=}}

Ang '''Refrancore''' ([[Wikang Piamontes|Piamontes]]: ''Ël Francó'' o ''Arfrancor'') ay isang nayon at ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Asti]], rehiyon ng [[Piamonte|Piemonte]], Hilagang [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|13|km|mi|0}} silangan ng [[Asti]] sa [[Basso Monferrato]]. Ang teritoryo ng ''[[comune]]'' ay umaabot sa isang lugar na {{Convert|13.15|km2|mi2}} at higit na nakatuon sa agrikultura, lalo na sa mga ubasan na nagtatanim ng binong ubas ng [[Grignolino]] at [[Barbera]] wine.

Bagaman mayroon lamang humigit-kumulang 1,600 opisyal na residente, ang populasyon at aktibidad sa loob ng nayon ay pinahuhusay ng pagkakaroon ng mga [[Bahay bakasyunan|tahanang pang-holiday]] at nakapalibot na mga nayon na opisyal na nasa loob ng ibang mga hangganan ng nayon.

== Kasaysayan at pangunahing tanawin ==
Ang pangalang Refrancore ay nagmula sa isang labanan sa pagitan ng mga [[Mga Franco|Franco]] at [[Mga Lombardo|Lombardo]]. Sa labanan ay nanalo ng mga Lombardo at ang dugong ibinuhos ng mga Franco ay nagkulay ng isang lokal na batis na pula na nagbibigay sa lugar ng Latin na pangalan na ''Rivus ex sanguine Francorum'' na literal na nangangahulugang &quot;Isang batis na puno ng dugo ng mga Franco&quot;. Ito ay naging dinaglat sa ''Rivusfrancorum'' at kalaunan ay Refrancore.

Sa pangunahing plaza ay mayroong isang toreng orasan na tanging natitira sa simbahang parokya noong ika-18 siglo na giniba sa simula ng ika-20 siglo.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}{{Lalawigan ng Asti}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod at bayan sa Piedmont]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cairate</title>
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      <text bytes="2363" sha1="szwfworw39p42eh09smlyilg42tmabu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Cairate|official_name=Comune di Cairate|native_name=|image_skyline=Chiesa di Sant'Ambrogio Cairate.JPG|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=StemmaCairate.gif|shield_alt=|image_map=Map of comune of Cairate (province of Varese, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|45|41|N|8|52|E|type:city(7,570)_region:IT|display=inline}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Lombardia]]|province=[[lalawigan ng Varese|Varese]] (VA)|frazioni=|mayor_party=|mayor=Paolo Mazzucchelli|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=11.3|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Cairatesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|saint=Mahal na Ina ng Rosaryo|day=Oktubre 7|postal_code=21050|area_code=0331|website={{official website|http://www.comune.cairate.va.it/}}|footnotes=}}
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Ang '''Cairate''' ay isang ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Varese]], rehiyon ng [[Lombardia]], hilagang [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|35|km|mi}} hilagang-kanluran ng [[Milan]] at mga {{Convert|15|km|mi|0}} timog ng [[Varese]].

== Heograpiyang pisikal ==

=== Teritoryo ===
Kabilang sa teritoryo nito ang mga ''[[frazione]]'' ng Bolladello at Peveranza at pinaliliguan ng ilog Olona at batis ng Tenore. Sampung kilometro ang munisipyo mula sa [[Busto Arsizio]] at 9 km mula sa [[Gallarate]].

Ang Cairate ay may hangganan sa mga sumusunod na munisipalidad: [[Carnago]], [[Cassano Magnago]], [[Castelseprio]], [[Fagnano Olona]], [[Locate Varesino]], [[Lonate Ceppino]], at [[Tradate]].

== Kasaysayan ==

=== Sinauna ===
Ang toponimong &quot;Cairate&quot; ay malamang na mula sa Lombardong deribasyon, na maiuugnay sa mga heolohikong kahulugan ng &quot;taas&quot; at ang pitomorpikong kahulugan ng &quot;nogal&quot; o &quot;kastanyas&quot;.

=== Panahong dukal ===
Sa pagtatapos ng ika-13 siglo, sa ganap na pagsakop ng mga taga-Milan sa [[Seprio]], ang Cairate ay naging bahagi ng Pagkapanginoon ng mga Visconti at, mula 1395, ng [[Dukado ng Milan]], na ang kapalaran ay sinundan nito sa mga sumunod na siglo.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* [http://www.comune.cairate.va.it/ Opisyal na website]
{{Lalawigan ng Varese}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod at bayan sa Lombardy]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Castelseprio</title>
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      <text bytes="4488" sha1="lckl0s19vab4kqgnb2kmsvfetesaslv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Castelseprio|official_name=Comune di Castelseprio|native_name=|image_skyline=File:Inarzo panoramica 6.jpg|imagesize=|image_alt=|image_caption=|image_shield=Castelseprio-Stemma.png|shield_alt=|image_map=|map_alt=|map_caption=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|45|43|N|8|52|E|type:city(1,276)_region:IT|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Lombardia]]|province=[[Lalawigan ng Varese|Varese]] (VA)|frazioni=|mayor_party=|mayor=|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=3.9|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Sepriesi|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|saint=|day=|postal_code=21050|area_code=0331|website={{official website|http://www.castelseprio.net}}|footnotes=}}
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
Ang '''Castelseprio''' ay isang ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) sa [[Lalawigan ng Varese]], rehiyon ng [[Lombardia]], Hilagang [[Italya]], na matatagpuan mga {{Convert|35|km|mi}} hilagang-kanluran ng [[Milan]] at mga {{Convert|11|km|mi|0}} timog ng [[Varese]], karatig ng mga munisipalidad ng [[Cairate]], [[Carnago]], [[Gornate-Olona]], at [[Lonate Ceppino]].

Ang pangunahing sentro, na dating kilala bilang ''Vico Seprio'' (isang pangalan na nasa impormal na lokal na paggamit pa rin) ay malapit sa makasaysayang makabuluhang guho ng sinauna at medyebal na lungsod ng [[Castelseprio (liwasang arkeolohiko)|Castelseprio]], na ngayon ay nasa isang ''sona arkeolohiko'' na bukas sa publiko sa mga normal na oras. Ang site ay pinakasikat para sa mga Bisantineskong [[fresco]] sa maliit na Simbahan ng ''Santa Maria foris portas'', isang [[Pandaigdigang Pamanang Pook]] ng UNESCO mula noong 2011.

Ang modernong nayon ng Castelseprio ay may populasyong 1,276&lt;ref&gt;As of 31 December 2004&lt;/ref&gt; at may lawak na {{Convert|3.9|km2|mi2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute [[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Heograpiyang pisikal ==
Sa Castelseprio, ang Olona ay nagbunga ng isang Roggia Molinara, na minsang gumalaw sa blades ng sinaunang gilingan ng Zacchetto, na ngayon ay nasa isang abanteng kalagayan ng pagkabulok.

== Ebolusyong demograpiko ==
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== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}{{Lalawigan ng Varese}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod at bayan sa Lombardy]]
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Legnano</title>
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      <text bytes="5113" sha1="hamydietcxi8ool3dxxgnzbaomip5hg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Italian comune|name=Legnano|official_name=|native_name={{native name|lmo|Legnàn}}|settlement_type=|image_skyline=Legnano S Magno.jpg|image_caption=[[Basilika ng San Magno, Legnano|Basilika ng San Magno]]|image_size=|image_alt=|image_flag=|flag_size=|flag_alt=|image_shield=Legnano-Stemma.svg|shield_size=85px|shield_alt=|nickname=|motto=|map=Map of comune of Legnano (province of Milan, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|map_caption=Legnano sa loob ng Kalakhang Lungsod ng Milan|mapsize=|map_alt=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_mapsize=|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_map_alt=|coordinates={{coord|45|34|41|N|08|55|06|E|type:city|display=inline,title}}|coordinates_footnotes=|region=[[Lombardia]]|metropolitan_city=[[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Milan|Milan]] (MI)|province=|established_title=|established_date=|frazioni=|mayor=Lorenzo Radice|mayor_party=Democratic Party|area_total_km2=17|area_footnotes=|elevation_m=199|elevation_max_m=|elevation_min_m=|elevation_footnotes=|population_total=60282|population_as_of=Nobyembre 30, 2011|population_footnotes=|population_demonym=Legnanesi|postal_code=20025|area_code=0331|istat=|saint=[[Magno (obispo ng Milan)|San Magno]]|day=Nobyembre 5|website={{official website|http://www.legnano.org}}|footnotes=}}

Ang '''Legnano''' ([[Wikang Lombardo|Lombardo]]: Legnàn o ''Lignàn''){{Efn|''Legnàn'' has more cultured origins, while ''Lignàn'' is the most popular version: this distinction, however, has disappeared during the 20th century, and now the only diction used is the first{{sfn|D'Ilario|Gianazza|Marinoni|Turri|1984|p=19}}}} ay isang bayan at ''[[comune]]'' (komuna o munisipalidad) sa [[Kalakhang Lungsod ng Milan]], rehiyon ng [[Lombardia]], hilagang [[Italya]], mga {{Convert|20|km|mi}} mula sa gitnang [[Milan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Legnano |url=http://www.promocomune.it/schedacomune.php?id_comune=15118&amp;sez=territorio&amp;init= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210023626/http://www.promocomune.it/schedacomune.php?id_comune=15118&amp;sez=territorio&amp;init= |archive-date=10 February 2012 |access-date=8 May 2014 |website=promocomune.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa 60,259, ito ang ikalabintatlo na pinakamataong bayan sa rehiyon. Matatagpuan ang Legnano sa [[Alto Milanese]] at tinatawid ng Ilog [[Olona]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lista principali città della Regione Lombardia |url=http://www.comuni-italiani.it/03/lista.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925041510/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/03/lista.html |archive-date=25 September 2012 |access-date=8 May 2014 |website=comuni-italiani.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang [[kasaysayan ng Legnano]] at ang munisipal na lugar nito ay natunton pabalik sa [[Unang milenyo BC|Unang milenyo BK]] sa pamamagitan ng ebidensiyang arkeolohiko.{{Sfn|Di Maio|1998}} Sa malayong panahon, sa katunayan, ang mga burol na nakahanay sa Olona ay napatunayang mga lugar na matitirhan.&lt;ref name=&quot;istituzionale&quot;&gt;{{cita web|url=http://www.legnano.org/default.cfm?docs=profilo%2Fstorico.htm|titolo=Profilo storico|editore=legnano.org|accesso=8 maggio 2014|urlmorto=sì|urlarchivio=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417163728/http://www.legnano.org/default.cfm?docs=profilo%2Fstorico.htm|dataarchivio=17 aprile 2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417163728/http://www.legnano.org/default.cfm?docs=profilo%2Fstorico.htm|date=2007-04-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang bayan ay itinatag noong 1261.{{Sfn|Vv.Aa.|2015}}

== Kasaysayan ==
{{Pangunahin|Kasaysayan ng Legnano}}
Ang mga pinagmulan ng bayan ay maaaring mahinuha pabalik sa unang milenyo BK, isang panahon kung saan ang mga pinakalumang artepakto na natagpuan sa teritoryo ng munisipalidad ay nagsimula noong nakaraang iyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;cita-Di-Maio-p85&quot;&gt;{{Cita|Di Maio|p. 85}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa katunayan, noong sinaunang panahon, ang mga burol na nasa hangganan ng Olona ay napatunayang ng mga lugar na tinitirhan.&lt;ref name=&quot;istituzionale&quot; /&gt;

== Ugnayang pandaigdig ==

=== Kakambal na bayan — kinakapatid na lungsod ===
Ang Legnano ay [[Kinakapatid na lungsod|kakambal]] sa:

* {{Flagicon|CMR}} [[Ebolowa]], simula 1964{{Sfn|Vecchio|Borsa|2001}}
* {{Flagicon|FRA}} [[Colombes]], simula 1964&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attentati terroristici a Parigi: bandiere a lutto a Legnano |url=http://www.ilgiorno.it/legnano/attentati-parigi-1.1484729 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105063924/http://www.ilgiorno.it/legnano/attentati-parigi-1.1484729 |archive-date=5 Enero 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tingnan din ==

* [[AC Legnano]]

== Mga pagsipi ==
{{Notelist}}&lt;references /&gt; 

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Wikivoyage-inline|Legnano}}
* {{In lang|it}} [http://www.legnano.org/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021112852/https://www.legnano.org/ |date=2021-10-21 }}
{{Lalawigan ng Milan}}
[[Kategorya:Mga lungsod at bayan sa Lombardy]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Italyano ng CS1 (it)]]
[[Kategorya:Lahat ng mga artikulong may pangungusap na walang pinagmulan]]
[[Kategorya:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Malawakang Depresyon</title>
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      <text bytes="8833" sha1="tas2o7sv34y94s6rcsosw6lkb16jrlj" xml:space="preserve">:''Huwag itong ikalito sa pangsikolohiyang [[klinikal na panlulumo]].''

[[Talaksan:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|thumb|Ang larawang may pamagat na ''[[Migrant Mother]]'' o &quot;[[Inang Dayo]]&quot; ni [[Dorothea Lange]] ang naglalarawan ng mga naghihikahos na tagapag-ani ng mga gisantes sa [[California]], na tumutuon kay [[Florence Owens Thompson]], edad 32, isang ina ng pitong mga bata, sa [[Nipomo, California]], Marso 1936.]]

Ang Matthew '''Depresyon''' na kilala sa Ingles bilang '''''Great Depression''''' o '''''Depression of the 1930's''''' ('''Ang Depresyon noong Dekada ng 1930''')&lt;ref name=NBK&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Depression of the 1930's}}, ''Dictionary Index'', titik D, pahina 384.&lt;/ref&gt; ay ang malawakang krisis na pang-ekonomiyang nagsimula dahil sa [[Pagbagsak ng Wall Street noong 1929]] (pagbagsak ng pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan) sa [[Estados Unidos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0821657.html |title=Great Depression — FactMonster.com |work=factmonster.com |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;, at nakaapekto sa ibang mga bansa. Ang mga presyo sa pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan sa [[Wall Street]] ay malakihan ang naging pagbulusok mula Oktubre 24 hanggang 29 Oktubre 1929.  Maraming mga tao ang nawalan ng trabaho.  Sa pagsapit ng 1932, 25–30% ng mga tao ang nawalan ng mga hanapbuhay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243118/Great-Depression |title=Great Depression (economy) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Naging mahirap sila at nawalan ng mga tirahan.  Ito ang nagwakas sa kayamanan ng [[Dumadagundong na Dekada 1920]] (''[[Roaring Twenties]]'').  Maraming mga tao ang nag-iisip na ang Malawakang Depresyon ay nagsimula noong Maitim na Martes, subalit ang Maitim na Martes ay isa lamang nakapailalim na suliranin na tutulong sa pagdurulot ng Depresyon.

Magmula 1929–1932, mas lalong lumala ang depresyon.  Marami ang naghihinala na ang pagtaas ng halaga ng buwis sa mga mamamayang Amerikano at ang pagtataas ng mga taripa (mga buwis sa mga bansang nakikipagkalakalan sa Estados Unidos) ang nagpalala rito.  Sinabi ng ekonomistang si [[Milton Friedman]] na ang Malawakang Depresyon ay lumala dahil naglimbag ng mas kakaunting salapi ang Reserbang Pederal kaysa pangkaraniwan.

Nang magsimula ang Malawakang Depresyon, si [[Herbert Hoover]] ang pangulo ng Estados Unidos, at bilang resulta, siya ang sinisi rito.  Naghalal ang mga tao ng bagong pangulo noong 1932.  Si [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] ang naging bagong pangulo ng Estados Unidos.  Nagawa ni Roosevelt na magpasa ang pamahalaan ng maraming bagong mga [[batas]] at mga programa o palatuntunan upang matulungan ang mga taong nasaktan ng Malawakang Depresyon.  Ang mga programang ito ay tinawag na [[Bagong Kasunduan (Estados Unidos)|Bagong Kasunduan]] (''[[New Deal]]'').  Isa sa mga palatuntunang ito ang ''[[Civilian Conservation Corps]]'' (CCC) o &quot;Pangkat para sa Konserbasyon ng mga Mamamayan&quot;. Naglagay ang CCC ng maraming kabataang mga lalaki na magtatrabaho sa labas ng mga gusali.  Binayaran ang mga lalaking ito ng 1 dolyar bawat linggo upang maghanapbuhay, at nakatanggap sila ng libreng pagkain at matutuluyan.  Isa pa sa mga programang ito ay ang [[Segurong Sosyal]], na nagbigay sa matatandang mga tao ng maliit na [[pagkakakitaan|kita]] upang mayroon silang pera para sa mga bagay na kailangan nila.  Napakasama talaga ng Malawakang Depresyon, subalit dahil sa tulong ng bawat isang tao, magiging mainam ang katayuan.  Sa pagitan ng 1939 at ng 1944, mas maraming mga tao ang muling nagkaroon ng pagkakakitaan dahil sa [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]], at sumapit ang wakas ng Malawakang Depresyon.

== Paglalarawan ==

Bago sumapit ang Malawakang Depresyon noong dekada ng 1930 sa Estados Unidos, karamihan sa mga tao ang naniniwala na ang mga depresyon o kagipitang pang-ekonomiya ay mawawala ng kusa at mabibigyan ng solusyon ng kusa.  Bago maganap ang Malawakang Depresyon, nakaranas na ang Estados Unidos ng walong naunang grabeng mga depresyon, at lahat ay nalunasang kusa.  Subalit noong 1933, kahit na nagkaroon ng bagong pangulo sa katauhan ni Franklin D. Roosevelt, hindi nagkaroon ng pagbuti o pag-inam ang katayuan ng mga negosyo, at ang lahat ay lumalala pang lalo.&lt;ref name=NBK2&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Checks on a Depression''}}, ''Depressions and Recession'', titik D, pahina 122.&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang mahalagang dahilan para sa Malawakang Depresyon ay ang [[Kasunduan sa Versailles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/1920s/Econ20s.htm |title=German Economy in the 1920s |work=history.ucsb.edu |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dahil sa Kasunduan sa Versailles naging napakayamang bansa ng Estados Unidos.  Kapwa nagbigay ang [[Gran Britanya]] at [[Pransiya]] ng malalaking halaga ng salapi sa Estados Unidos, at ang Alemanya ay dapat na magbayad ng malaking halaga ng pera para sa pinsalang nagawa nila noong [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]].  Subalit ang kayamanang ito ang nagpasimula upang bumulusok ang pamilihan ng kabahaging puhunan.

Kahit na noong pagkatapos ng Pagbagsak ng Wall Street noong 1929, nagkaroon pa rin ng [[pag-asa]] ang mga tao.  Sinabi ni  [[John D. Rockefeller]] na &quot;Ito ang mga araw kung kailan marami ang nahihinaan ng loob.  Sa loob ng 93 mga taon ng aking buhay, dumating at lumisan ang mga kagipitan.  Ang kasaganaan (kayamanan) ay palaging nagbabalik (bumabalik) at muling magbabalik.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture18.html|title= Crashing Hopes: The Great Depression|accessdate= 2008-03-13|last= Schultz|first= Stanley K.|year= 1999|work= American History 102: Civil War to the Present|publisher= [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|archive-date= 2008-03-23|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080323120342/http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture18.html|url-status= dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ngunit dagliang lalala at lalala pa ang epekto ng depresyon.  Nawalan ng mga trabaho, pera, at tahanan ang mga tao.  May mga ulat na sa Alemanya at Estados Unidos, nagkaroon ng malubhang kagutuman, pagkakasakit, at pagkamatay dahil sa kagutuman.

Nang sumapit ang 1932, tinatayang nasa mahigit sa 11,000,000 hanggang bandang 15,000,000 ang mga walang hanapbuhay na mga Amerikano.  Hindi ito dahil sa katamaran, subalit dahil sa mga dahilang hindi matabanan ng mga tao.  Nagresulta ito sa pagpapasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ng Batas hinggil sa Segurong Sosyal.  Naging matagumpay ang mga programang pinagtulung-tulungan ng mga pamahalaan ng mga estado at ng pamahalaang pederal.  Dahil sa katagumpayan ng mga programang ito, bago sumapit ang dalawang taon ay naglunsad na ang bawat isang estado ng Estados Unidos ng katulad na mga programa.&lt;ref name=NBK3&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Unemployment Insurance''}}, ''Unemployment and Unemployment Insurance'', titik U-V, pahina 26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Paglaban sa Malawakang Depresyon ==

Nilabanan ni Franklin D. Roosevelt ang Malawakang Depresyon sa pamamagitan ng kanyang Bagong Kasunduan o ''New Deal''.  Nakatuon ang Bagong Kasunduan sa pagbibigay ng ''tulong mula sa pamahalaan'' sa mga tao, isang bagay na pinaniniwalaang mahalaga ng maraming mga tao upang maiwasan ang pag-urong o [[resesyon]] at paghihikahos o depresyon ng ekonomiya.  Nakasaad ang ideyang ito sa Batas na Pangtrabaho ng 1946&amp;nbsp;ng Estados Unidos.  Kabilang sa mga programa ng Bagong Kasunduan ang pagkakaroon ng mga seguro kapag nawalan ng trabaho ang isang tao, ang segurong sosyal para mabigyan ng pera ang matatanda na at retirado.&lt;ref name=NBK2/&gt;

Bukod sa pagpapasimula at pagpapasigla ng negosyo, naglunsad din ang Bagong Kasunduan ni Roosevelt ng mga katangiang pangkaligtasan ng ekonomiya o kabuhayan ng Estados Unidos.  Nilikha ang ''[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]'' (FDIC) o [[Pederal na Korporasyon para sa Seguro ng Deposito]] at mga programa nito na pangsegurong pandeposito upang mapruteksiyunan ang mga tagapagdeposito ng salapi sa mga bangko.  Nilikha rin ang ''[[Securities and Exchange Commission (Estados Unidos)|Securities and Exchange Commision]]'' (SEC) o [[Komisyon sa mga Panagot at Palitan (Estados Unidos)|Komisyon sa mga Panagot at Palitan]], isang ahensiyang magbabantay laban sa mga hindi patas na mga gawain sa pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan at hindi matabanang pagbabakasakali sa pamumuhunan sa negosyo.  Bilang mga aral na natutunan mula sa pagkaranas ng pagbulusok ng kabahaging puhunan at Malawakang Depresyon, naging bahagi na ngayon ang FDIC at SEC ng unang depensa sa mga panahon ng matinding pagbagal o pagbaba ng mga negosyo sa Estados Unidos.&lt;ref name=NBK2/&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategorya:Krisis na pampananalapi]]
[[Kategorya:Ekonomiya ng daigdig]]
[[Kategorya:Dekada 1930]]</text>
      <sha1>tas2o7sv34y94s6rcsosw6lkb16jrlj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241082</id>
      <parentid>2241081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T00:52:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59237-74</username>
        <id>168563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kinansela ang pagbabagong 2241081 ni [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59260-21|~2026-59260-21]] ([[User talk:~2026-59260-21|Usapan]])</comment>
      <origin>2241082</origin>
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      <text bytes="8836" sha1="an8lo6mxiu8ex4zw0tut6zs4xtg7pqw" xml:space="preserve">:''Huwag itong ikalito sa pangsikolohiyang [[klinikal na panlulumo]].''

[[Talaksan:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg|thumb|Ang larawang may pamagat na ''[[Migrant Mother]]'' o &quot;[[Inang Dayo]]&quot; ni [[Dorothea Lange]] ang naglalarawan ng mga naghihikahos na tagapag-ani ng mga gisantes sa [[California]], na tumutuon kay [[Florence Owens Thompson]], edad 32, isang ina ng pitong mga bata, sa [[Nipomo, California]], Marso 1936.]]

Ang '''Malawakang Depresyon''' na kilala sa Ingles bilang '''''Great Depression''''' o '''''Depression of the 1930's''''' ('''Ang Depresyon noong Dekada ng 1930''')&lt;ref name=NBK&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Depression of the 1930's}}, ''Dictionary Index'', titik D, pahina 384.&lt;/ref&gt; ay ang malawakang krisis na pang-ekonomiyang nagsimula dahil sa [[Pagbagsak ng Wall Street noong 1929]] (pagbagsak ng pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan) sa [[Estados Unidos]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/history/A0821657.html |title=Great Depression — FactMonster.com |work=factmonster.com |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;, at nakaapekto sa ibang mga bansa. Ang mga presyo sa pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan sa [[Wall Street]] ay malakihan ang naging pagbulusok mula Oktubre 24 hanggang 29 Oktubre 1929.  Maraming mga tao ang nawalan ng trabaho.  Sa pagsapit ng 1932, 25–30% ng mga tao ang nawalan ng mga hanapbuhay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/243118/Great-Depression |title=Great Depression (economy) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Naging mahirap sila at nawalan ng mga tirahan.  Ito ang nagwakas sa kayamanan ng [[Dumadagundong na Dekada 1920]] (''[[Roaring Twenties]]'').  Maraming mga tao ang nag-iisip na ang Malawakang Depresyon ay nagsimula noong Maitim na Martes, subalit ang Maitim na Martes ay isa lamang nakapailalim na suliranin na tutulong sa pagdurulot ng Depresyon.

Magmula 1929–1932, mas lalong lumala ang depresyon.  Marami ang naghihinala na ang pagtaas ng halaga ng buwis sa mga mamamayang Amerikano at ang pagtataas ng mga taripa (mga buwis sa mga bansang nakikipagkalakalan sa Estados Unidos) ang nagpalala rito.  Sinabi ng ekonomistang si [[Milton Friedman]] na ang Malawakang Depresyon ay lumala dahil naglimbag ng mas kakaunting salapi ang Reserbang Pederal kaysa pangkaraniwan.

Nang magsimula ang Malawakang Depresyon, si [[Herbert Hoover]] ang pangulo ng Estados Unidos, at bilang resulta, siya ang sinisi rito.  Naghalal ang mga tao ng bagong pangulo noong 1932.  Si [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] ang naging bagong pangulo ng Estados Unidos.  Nagawa ni Roosevelt na magpasa ang pamahalaan ng maraming bagong mga [[batas]] at mga programa o palatuntunan upang matulungan ang mga taong nasaktan ng Malawakang Depresyon.  Ang mga programang ito ay tinawag na [[Bagong Kasunduan (Estados Unidos)|Bagong Kasunduan]] (''[[New Deal]]'').  Isa sa mga palatuntunang ito ang ''[[Civilian Conservation Corps]]'' (CCC) o &quot;Pangkat para sa Konserbasyon ng mga Mamamayan&quot;. Naglagay ang CCC ng maraming kabataang mga lalaki na magtatrabaho sa labas ng mga gusali.  Binayaran ang mga lalaking ito ng 1 dolyar bawat linggo upang maghanapbuhay, at nakatanggap sila ng libreng pagkain at matutuluyan.  Isa pa sa mga programang ito ay ang [[Segurong Sosyal]], na nagbigay sa matatandang mga tao ng maliit na [[pagkakakitaan|kita]] upang mayroon silang pera para sa mga bagay na kailangan nila.  Napakasama talaga ng Malawakang Depresyon, subalit dahil sa tulong ng bawat isang tao, magiging mainam ang katayuan.  Sa pagitan ng 1939 at ng 1944, mas maraming mga tao ang muling nagkaroon ng pagkakakitaan dahil sa [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]], at sumapit ang wakas ng Malawakang Depresyon.

== Paglalarawan ==

Bago sumapit ang Malawakang Depresyon noong dekada ng 1930 sa Estados Unidos, karamihan sa mga tao ang naniniwala na ang mga depresyon o kagipitang pang-ekonomiya ay mawawala ng kusa at mabibigyan ng solusyon ng kusa.  Bago maganap ang Malawakang Depresyon, nakaranas na ang Estados Unidos ng walong naunang grabeng mga depresyon, at lahat ay nalunasang kusa.  Subalit noong 1933, kahit na nagkaroon ng bagong pangulo sa katauhan ni Franklin D. Roosevelt, hindi nagkaroon ng pagbuti o pag-inam ang katayuan ng mga negosyo, at ang lahat ay lumalala pang lalo.&lt;ref name=NBK2&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Checks on a Depression''}}, ''Depressions and Recession'', titik D, pahina 122.&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang mahalagang dahilan para sa Malawakang Depresyon ay ang [[Kasunduan sa Versailles]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/33d/projects/1920s/Econ20s.htm |title=German Economy in the 1920s |work=history.ucsb.edu |accessdate=13 Mayo 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Dahil sa Kasunduan sa Versailles naging napakayamang bansa ng Estados Unidos.  Kapwa nagbigay ang [[Gran Britanya]] at [[Pransiya]] ng malalaking halaga ng salapi sa Estados Unidos, at ang Alemanya ay dapat na magbayad ng malaking halaga ng pera para sa pinsalang nagawa nila noong [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]].  Subalit ang kayamanang ito ang nagpasimula upang bumulusok ang pamilihan ng kabahaging puhunan.

Kahit na noong pagkatapos ng Pagbagsak ng Wall Street noong 1929, nagkaroon pa rin ng [[pag-asa]] ang mga tao.  Sinabi ni  [[John D. Rockefeller]] na &quot;Ito ang mga araw kung kailan marami ang nahihinaan ng loob.  Sa loob ng 93 mga taon ng aking buhay, dumating at lumisan ang mga kagipitan.  Ang kasaganaan (kayamanan) ay palaging nagbabalik (bumabalik) at muling magbabalik.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture18.html|title= Crashing Hopes: The Great Depression|accessdate= 2008-03-13|last= Schultz|first= Stanley K.|year= 1999|work= American History 102: Civil War to the Present|publisher= [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]]|archive-date= 2008-03-23|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080323120342/http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/lectures/lecture18.html|url-status= dead}}.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ngunit dagliang lalala at lalala pa ang epekto ng depresyon.  Nawalan ng mga trabaho, pera, at tahanan ang mga tao.  May mga ulat na sa Alemanya at Estados Unidos, nagkaroon ng malubhang kagutuman, pagkakasakit, at pagkamatay dahil sa kagutuman.

Nang sumapit ang 1932, tinatayang nasa mahigit sa 11,000,000 hanggang bandang 15,000,000 ang mga walang hanapbuhay na mga Amerikano.  Hindi ito dahil sa katamaran, subalit dahil sa mga dahilang hindi matabanan ng mga tao.  Nagresulta ito sa pagpapasa ng Kongreso ng Estados Unidos ng Batas hinggil sa Segurong Sosyal.  Naging matagumpay ang mga programang pinagtulung-tulungan ng mga pamahalaan ng mga estado at ng pamahalaang pederal.  Dahil sa katagumpayan ng mga programang ito, bago sumapit ang dalawang taon ay naglunsad na ang bawat isang estado ng Estados Unidos ng katulad na mga programa.&lt;ref name=NBK3&gt;{{cite-NBK|''Unemployment Insurance''}}, ''Unemployment and Unemployment Insurance'', titik U-V, pahina 26.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Paglaban sa Malawakang Depresyon ==

Nilabanan ni Franklin D. Roosevelt ang Malawakang Depresyon sa pamamagitan ng kanyang Bagong Kasunduan o ''New Deal''.  Nakatuon ang Bagong Kasunduan sa pagbibigay ng ''tulong mula sa pamahalaan'' sa mga tao, isang bagay na pinaniniwalaang mahalaga ng maraming mga tao upang maiwasan ang pag-urong o [[resesyon]] at paghihikahos o depresyon ng ekonomiya.  Nakasaad ang ideyang ito sa Batas na Pangtrabaho ng 1946&amp;nbsp;ng Estados Unidos.  Kabilang sa mga programa ng Bagong Kasunduan ang pagkakaroon ng mga seguro kapag nawalan ng trabaho ang isang tao, ang segurong sosyal para mabigyan ng pera ang matatanda na at retirado.&lt;ref name=NBK2/&gt;

Bukod sa pagpapasimula at pagpapasigla ng negosyo, naglunsad din ang Bagong Kasunduan ni Roosevelt ng mga katangiang pangkaligtasan ng ekonomiya o kabuhayan ng Estados Unidos.  Nilikha ang ''[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]]'' (FDIC) o [[Pederal na Korporasyon para sa Seguro ng Deposito]] at mga programa nito na pangsegurong pandeposito upang mapruteksiyunan ang mga tagapagdeposito ng salapi sa mga bangko.  Nilikha rin ang ''[[Securities and Exchange Commission (Estados Unidos)|Securities and Exchange Commision]]'' (SEC) o [[Komisyon sa mga Panagot at Palitan (Estados Unidos)|Komisyon sa mga Panagot at Palitan]], isang ahensiyang magbabantay laban sa mga hindi patas na mga gawain sa pamilihan ng mga kabahaging puhunan at hindi matabanang pagbabakasakali sa pamumuhunan sa negosyo.  Bilang mga aral na natutunan mula sa pagkaranas ng pagbulusok ng kabahaging puhunan at Malawakang Depresyon, naging bahagi na ngayon ang FDIC at SEC ng unang depensa sa mga panahon ng matinding pagbagal o pagbaba ng mga negosyo sa Estados Unidos.&lt;ref name=NBK2/&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Estados Unidos]]
[[Kategorya:Krisis na pampananalapi]]
[[Kategorya:Ekonomiya ng daigdig]]
[[Kategorya:Dekada 1930]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Katas ng puke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>169793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241070</id>
      <parentid>2159490</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T16:08:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59052-53</username>
        <id>168594</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Cccfffc</comment>
      <origin>2241070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="703" sha1="mhfj8t79pf39ltqp67feucj9v5qxaz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Disease
 | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
 | Image          = 
 | Caption        = 
 | DiseasesDB     = 28137
 | ICD10          = 
 | ICD9           = 
 | ICDO           = 
 | OMIM           = 
 | MedlinePlus    = 003158
 | eMedicineSubj  = 
 | eMedicineTopic = 
 | MeshID         = D019522
}}
Ang puke ng BABAE ay Minsan naglalabas ng katas na masarap at kakantutin ko kayo lahat pa kiss nga Ako dyan bago kita kantutin.      

==Mga sanggunian==
[http://www.healthadvicer.com/vaginal-dryness-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html Pagkatuyo ng Puke - Mga sanhi, Paglulunas]
{{reflist}}

==Mga pananda==
{{notelist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga karamdamang may pamamaga ng mga organong pambalakang ng babae]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241080</id>
      <parentid>2241070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T23:56:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WayKurat</username>
        <id>2259</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[w:Help:Reverting|Ibinalik]] ang mga pagbabago ni [[Special:Contributions/~2026-59052-53|~2026-59052-53]] ([[User talk:~2026-59052-53|Usapan]]) patungo sa huling rebisyon ni [[User:Cloverangel237|Cloverangel237]]</comment>
      <origin>2159490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2496" sha1="ev49nb886e8fgpxeg18mgz7v7kj7ihu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Disease
 | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
 | Image          = 
 | Caption        = 
 | DiseasesDB     = 28137
 | ICD10          = 
 | ICD9           = 
 | ICDO           = 
 | OMIM           = 
 | MedlinePlus    = 003158
 | eMedicineSubj  = 
 | eMedicineTopic = 
 | MeshID         = D019522
}}
Ang '''Katas galing sa ari ng babae''' (Ingles: vaginal discharge) ay isang katagang pantawag sa mga katas pambiyolohiya na nilalaman sa loob o iniluluwa ng [[puke]]. Habang ang karamihan sa mga iniluluwa ng puke ay maaasahan at nagpapahayag ng samu't saring mga yugto ng panahunan ng isang babae, ang ilang mga '''tulo ng puke''' ay maaring bunga ng isang [[impeksiyon|pagsakop]], tulad ng isang [[sakit na nakukuha mula pagtatalik]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Halimbawa !! Tampok na mga katangian !! Sipi
|-
| Umiinog (may siklo) || Makapal at maputi, walang amoy || Nagaganap sa simula at wakas ng isang ikot at palasak{{efn|normal}} ito.
|-
| [[Obulasyon]] || Malinaw at nababanat || Nagaganap sa panahon ng  [[obulasyon]].
|-
| [[Candidiasis]] || Makapal, maputi, parang [[kesong puti]] || 'Impeksiyon ng lebaduro' (malinab). Namamagang [[sipit-sipitan]].
|-
| [[Trichomoniasis]] || Marami, lunti, mabula || 
|-
| [[Gonorrhoea]] || Magatas na puti o dilaw, walang amoy || 
|-
| [[Chlamydia]] || May [[nana]], mabaho ||
|-
| [[Bacterial Vaginosis|Bakteryal na bahinosis]] || Manipis, abo o lunti, malansang parang amoy ng isda. || 
|}

Ang katawagang [[blennorrhea]] ay kadalasang ginagamit upang tukuyin ang mga katas na [[uhog]] galing sa [[lagusan ng ihi]] (''[[urethra]]'') o puke,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Blennorrhea |url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/blennorrhea |website=TheFreeDictionary.com |publisher=Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers; The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary |date=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; habang ang blennorrhagia ay tumutukoy sa kalabisan ng ganiyang mga tulo mula sa puke o lagusan ng ihi,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Blennorrhagia |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/blennorrhagia |website=TheFreeDictionary.com |publisher=McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific &amp; Technical Terms, 6th Edition |date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; na kadalasang tumutukoy sa nakikita sa [[gonorea]].

==Mga sanggunian==
[http://www.healthadvicer.com/vaginal-dryness-causes-symptoms-and-treatment.html Pagkatuyo ng Puke - Mga sanhi, Paglulunas]
{{reflist}}

==Mga pananda==
{{notelist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga karamdamang may pamamaga ng mga organong pambalakang ng babae]]</text>
      <sha1>ev49nb886e8fgpxeg18mgz7v7kj7ihu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Anonas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241199</id>
      <parentid>1944044</parentid>
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        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="4233" sha1="rs9gb7runimmcoh5jbd7kxz8sjkywkw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Anonas
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Anonas Station Platform 14.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Anonas
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Bulebar Aurora]] at [[Kalye Anonas|Ekt. Anonas]],&lt;br&gt;[[Lungsod ng Quezon#Project 3|Project 3]], [[Lungsod ng Quezon]]
 | coordinates    = {{coord|14|37|40.8|N|121|03|52.9|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Katipunan|next=Araneta Center–Cubao}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = An
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Anonas''' o '''Himpilang Anonas''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2).  Ang himpilang Anonas ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa Project 2 at 3, Lungsod Quezon at nakuha ng himpilan ang pangalan nito mula sa [[Kalye Anonas]].

Nagsisilbi bilang pang-siyam na himpilan ang himpilang Anonas para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa  [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pangatlong himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]]. Malapit ang himpilan sa Dambana ng Santo Jose (''Saint Joseph Parish''), na malapit sa Kalye Anonas.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa labas ng estasyon.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L3&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan, Tulay papuntang Anson Square
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Anson Square, Anonas City Center, St. Joseph Parish, St. Joseph Catholic School
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Anonas station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Anonas]]</text>
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        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="4113" sha1="ryjji68132wsocusf7r14nixwlgayhu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Anonas
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Anonas Station Platform 14.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Anonas
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Bulebar Aurora]] at [[Kalye Anonas|Ekt. Anonas]],&lt;br&gt;[[Lungsod ng Quezon#Project 3|Project 3]], [[Lungsod ng Quezon]]
 | coordinates    = {{coord|14|37|40.8|N|121|03|52.9|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       =
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = An
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Anonas''' o '''Himpilang Anonas''' ay isang estasyon sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] (MRT-2).  Ang himpilang Anonas ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa Project 2 at 3, Lungsod Quezon at nakuha ng himpilan ang pangalan nito mula sa [[Kalye Anonas]].

Nagsisilbi bilang pang-siyam na himpilan ang himpilang Anonas para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa  [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]] at bilang pangatlong himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]]. Malapit ang himpilan sa Dambana ng Santo Jose (''Saint Joseph Parish''), na malapit sa Kalye Anonas.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga sasakyang de-padyak, dyip, taksi, at mga bus na nagaabang ng mga pasahero sa labas ng estasyon.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L3&lt;br /&gt;Batalan'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan A
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Santolan (Ika-2 Linya)|Santolan]]
|-
|Batalan B
|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Faregate, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan, Tulay papuntang Anson Square
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Daanan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=400 valign=top|Anson Square, Anonas City Center, St. Joseph Parish, St. Joseph Catholic School
|}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Anonas station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Anonas]]</text>
      <sha1>ryjji68132wsocusf7r14nixwlgayhu</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Santolan (LRT)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>223827</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241184</id>
      <parentid>2119587</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:23:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4422" sha1="tvn1k5pl79u6uppgusb9txhpzsaixgv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Santolan
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Santolan Station Platform 6.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Santolan
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Marikina-Infanta Highway|Marcos Highway]], Calumpang, [[Lungsod ng Marikina]] &lt;br&gt; (Makikita sa hangganan ng [[Lungsod ng Marikina|Marikina]]-[[Lungsod ng Pasig|Pasig]])
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Pulong batalan
 | tracks         = 2, 1 reserba, 1 papunta sa himpilan
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Emerald|next=Katipunan}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Sa
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Santolan''' o '''Himpilang Santolan''' ay isang himpilan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Santolan ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa mga Lungsod ng [[Pasig]] at [[Marikina]] pati na rin sa kalapit na Lalawigan ng Rizal. Ipinangalan ito sa kalapit na Kalye at distrito kung nasaan ang estasyon na Santolan.

Ang himpilang Santolan ay ang dating silangang hangganan bago itayo ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo (LRT)|Himpilang Antipolo]] noong 2021. Ang himpilang Santolan ay ang ikatlong himpilan mula sa Antipolo para sa mga treng patungong [[Estasyon ng Recto|Recto]].

Malapit ang himpilan sa SM City Marikina at opisina ng linya murado.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga bus, dyip, taksi, uv express at e- dyip na pwedeng masakyan sa ilalim ng himpilan.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L2&lt;br&gt;Batalan&lt;br/&gt;'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papunta sa riles palitan &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;&quot; colspan=2 align=center|&lt;small&gt;[[Gilid ng batalan]], nagbubukas ang mga pintuan sa kanan o kaliwa&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=500 valign=top|Faregates, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan
|}

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:MRT2SantolanStationPlatform2.jpg|Batalan ng estasyon
File:MRT-2 Tracks Santolan 11.jpg|Ang riles
File:MRT-2 Tracks Santolan 12.jpg|Tanawin ng lungsod mula sa estasyon
File:View of Marcos Highway from MRT-2 Santolan Station.jpg|Tanawin ng SM City Marikina mula sa estasyon
File:MRT-2 Inauguration Plate.jpg|Inauguration Plate
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Santolan station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Santolan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241191</id>
      <parentid>2241184</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:36:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="4450" sha1="tnyd63lpxhq39nwf24jmkv7ozc3mown" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Santolan
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2]]
 | image          = Line 2 Santolan Station Platform 6.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = Estasyon ng Santolan
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = [[Marikina-Infanta Highway|Marcos Highway]], Calumpang, [[Lungsod ng Marikina]] &lt;br&gt; (Makikita sa hangganan ng [[Lungsod ng Marikina|Marikina]]-[[Lungsod ng Pasig|Pasig]])
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2]]
 | other          = 
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Pulong batalan
 | tracks         = 2, 1 reserba, 1 papunta sa himpilan
 | parking        =
 | bicycle        =
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = Mayroon
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Abril 5, 2003
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Emerald|next=Katipunan}}
 | ADA            = Mayroon
 | code           = Sa
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}
Ang '''Estasyon ng Santolan''' o '''Himpilang Santolan''' ay isang himpilan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Ang himpilang Santolan ay isa sa maraming mga himpilang nakaakyat sa lupa. Nagsisilbi ang himpilan para sa mga Lungsod ng [[Pasig]] at [[Marikina]] pati na rin sa kalapit na Lalawigan ng Rizal. Ipinangalan ito sa kalapit na Kalye at distrito kung nasaan ang estasyon na Santolan.

Ang himpilang Santolan ay ang dating silangang hangganan bago itayo ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo (LRT)|Himpilang Antipolo]] noong 2021. Ang himpilang Santolan ay ang ikatlong himpilan mula sa Antipolo para sa mga treng patungong [[Estasyon ng Recto|Recto]].

Malapit ang himpilan sa SM City Marikina at opisina ng linya murado.

==Mga kawing pangpanlalakbay==
May mga bus, dyip, taksi, uv express at e- dyip na pwedeng masakyan sa ilalim ng himpilan.

==Balangkas ng estasyon==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=3 valign=top|'''L2&lt;br&gt;Batalan&lt;br/&gt;'''
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;&quot;|← [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papunta sa riles palitan &lt;br&gt;&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;&quot; colspan=2 align=center|&lt;small&gt;[[Gilid ng batalan]], nagbubukas ang mga pintuan sa kanan o kaliwa&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|Batalan
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot;|&lt;span style=color:white&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|'''Ika-2 Linya''']] papuntang [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] →
|-
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=50 valign=top|'''L1'''
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=100 valign=top|Lipumpon
|style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; width=500 valign=top|Faregates, Bilihan ng Tiket, Sentro ng Estasyon, Tindahan
|}

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:MRT2SantolanStationPlatform2.jpg|Batalan ng estasyon
File:MRT-2 Tracks Santolan 11.jpg|Ang riles
File:MRT-2 Tracks Santolan 12.jpg|Tanawin ng lungsod mula sa estasyon
File:View of Marcos Highway from MRT-2 Santolan Station.jpg|Tanawin ng SM City Marikina mula sa estasyon
File:MRT-2 Inauguration Plate.jpg|Inauguration Plate
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Santolan station (Line 2) }}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Santolan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Emerald</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mga link sa transportasyon */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10730" sha1="sq0rzs7cl2n1rf993jpnhr6kaku171o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Emerald
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2 East Extension]]
 | image          = File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station Platform.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = 
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = Dela Paz (Santolan), [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2 East Extension]]
 | other          = Emerald &lt;br&gt; Marikina{{efn|group=note|Ang pangalang ito ay panandaliang ginamit noong 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bubuksan ang mga istasyon ng Marikina-Pasig, Antipolo sa Hulyo 6|first=Ma. Alena O.|last=Castillo|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/07/01/195181/lrt-2-marikina-pasig-antipolo-stations-to-open-on-july-6/|work=InterAksyon|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang ginagamit pa rin sa mga mapa ng ruta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mapa ng Ruta ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrta-route-map/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; mga matris ng pamasahe, mga makina ng tiket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mga Tiket at Pamasahe ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/tickets-and-fares/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga babala sa social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Opisyal na LRTA Twitter|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Light Rail Transit Authority - LRT2|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = Oo (Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall, Robinsons Metro East)
 | bicycle        = Oo
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = 
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Hulyo 5, 2021
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Antipolo|next=Santolan}}
 | ADA            = 
 | code           = Em
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Emerald''' o '''Himpilang Emerald''' ay isa sa mga pinaplanong dagdag na himpilan sa silangan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Kapag ito ay naitayo, ito ang nag-iisang himpilan sa linya na nasa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]. Magsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]] at ipinangalan mula sa Kalsadang Emerald.

Magsisilbi ang himpilang Emerald bilang panlabing-dalawang himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Masinag|Masinag]] at bilang ikalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] o sa hinaharap ay patungong [[Estasyong Pier 4|Pier 4]].

==Kasaysayan==
Ang East Extension ay iminungkahi noong 1999 bilang bahagi ng Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS), na nagtataguyod para sa pagpapalawig ng LRT Line 2 patungong Antipolo. Sa simula, ang iminungkahing istasyon ay tinukoy bilang Midtown Subdivision noong yugto ng pagpaplano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMUTIS Appendices |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580461_04.pdf |access-date=Hunyo 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay itinayo bilang bahagi ng ekstensyon, na nangangailangan ng isang {{convert|3.8|km|sp=us|adj=on}} ekstensyon pasilangan mula sa [[Estasyon ng Santolan]] at ang pagtatayo ng dalawang istasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;south&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Update: Ang Proyekto ng Ekstensyon ng Linya 2 (Silangan/Kanluran) |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004701/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |archive-date=Marso 10, 2012 |access-date=Marso 23, 2012 |website=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang istasyon noong ito ay itinatag ay tinawag na &quot;Emerald&quot;, ngunit pinalitan ng pangalan bilang &quot;Marikina&quot; noong Enero 2021 bago ito buksan. Ito ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa pangalawang pagkakataon noong Oktubre 31, 2021, bilang &quot;Marikina–Pasig&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marikina-Pasig&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1454693913562738688|user=OfficialLRTA|title=1/n Kumusta! Salamat sa paghihintay ng aming tugon. Mayroon pong mga pinagbasehan kung bakit pinalitan ang pangalan ng mga istasyon ng Line 2 East Masinag East Extension Project. Ini-utos ng kalihim na palitan ang pangalang Emerald at Masinag bilang tugon sa panawagan ng mga LGU|author=LRTA|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang pagtatayo ng East Extension ay nagsimula noong 2015, habang ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo|Antipolo]] at Marikina–Pasig station ay bumagsak noong Mayo 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Line 2 extension to Antipolo '92 percent complete': DOTr |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/09/17/20/lrt-2-extension-to-antipolo-92-percent-complete-dotr |access-date=September 17, 2020 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pagbubukas ng extension ay dapat sana ay sa ikaapat na quarter ng 2020, ngunit paulit-ulit na ipinagpaliban dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas|Pandemya ng COVID-19]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rey, Aika |date=Abril 16, 2021 |title=Pinapaliban ng COVID-19 ang pagbubukas ng East Extension hanggang Hunyo 23 |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/covid-19-curbs-delay-lrt2-east-extension-opening-june-2021/ |access-date=Abril 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at iba't ibang mga pangyayari sa pagsasama ng east extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Ghio |date=Hunyo 22, 2021 |title=Ipinagpaliban ang pagbubukas ng 2 istasyon ng LRTA |work=The Philippine Star |location=MANILA, Pilipinas |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/06/22/2107131/opening-2-lrt-stations-postponed |access-date=Hunyo 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang silangang ekstensyon ay pinasinayaan noong Hulyo 1, 2021, at ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay binuksan sa publiko noong Hulyo 5, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Leandre |date=Hulyo 5, 2021 |title=Ang mga bagong istasyon sa Marikina-Pasig at Antipolo ay gumagana na ngayon |work=Top Gear Philippines |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705 |access-date=Hulyo 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Libre ang mga sakay para sa East Extension hanggang Hulyo 18, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1, 2021 |title=Duterte: Libreng sakay mula sa mga istasyon ng Antipolo patungong Santolan, vice versa sa loob ng 2 linggo |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/793717/duterte-free-rides-from-antipolo-to-santolan-stations-vice-versa-for-2-weeks/story/ |access-date=Hulyo 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nang magbukas ang istasyon, ang plataporma patungong kanluran ay gumagana lamang para sa pansamantalang [[Paglalapat ng mga signal ng riles#Bidirectional signalling|bidirectional]] na mga serbisyo ng shuttle dahil hindi pa natatapos ang mga gawaing pagsasama ng silangang extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya. Ang plataporma patungong silangan ay naging mabisa noong Setyembre 3, 2021, matapos makumpleto ang mga gawaing integrasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED Iskedyul ng Operasyon ng Tren ng LRTA Line 2 |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA/photos/a.937951362930817/4384275098298409/ |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2021 |website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga kalapit na palatandaan==
Ang istasyon ay direktang konektado sa dalawang sentro ng pamimili: [[Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall]] at [[Robinsons Metro East]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumasang-ayon ang Sta. Lucia na magbigay ng daan papunta sa istasyon |date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/12/18/business/sta-lucia-agrees-to-give-access-to-lrt-2-extension/235146/ |access-date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |publisher=[[Manila Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madali rin itong mapupuntahan sa mga residential area ng Barangay San Roque sa Marikina sa pamamagitan ng Liamzon, Ditchoy, at Dasdasan Streets. Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga kalapit na Sta. Lucia Residences at Q Plaza.

Mapupuntahan din ang estasyon sa pamamagitan ng mga hintuan ng pampublikong transportasyon sa kahabaan ng [[Marikina–Infanta Highway]] para sa mga commuter na papunta sa [[Ayala Malls Feliz]] at [[APT Entertainment#APT Studios|APT Studios]], at sa kahabaan ng Gil Fernando Avenue para sa mga commuter na papunta sa Marikina City Hall, [[Marikina Sports Complex]], [[Blue Wave-Marikina|Blue Wave Mall]], S&amp;R Marikina, at mga residential condominium tulad ng Tropicana Garden City, Marquinton at Sienna Tower Residences, na medyo malayo sa estasyon. Ang estasyon ay isa sa pinakamalaking estasyon ng tren na itinayo sa Line 2 at inaasahang isa ito sa mga pinaka-abalang estasyon sa linya dahil sa lokasyon nito sa pinakamaabalang daanan sa kahabaan ng Marikina–Infanta Highway.
==Mga link sa transportasyon==
Mayroong terminal ng jeepney at [[UV Express]] sa Robinsons Metro East. Mayroon ding terminal ng jeepney sa Sta. Lucia Grand East Mall. Ang istasyon ay nagsisilbi rin sa isang hintuan ng bus sa Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall sa pamamagitan ng [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila#Lokal na serbisyo|Ruta ng Bus 3 (Antipolo–Quiapo)]] para sa mga direktang biyahe papunta at pabalik mula sa Marikina, Pasig, Maynila at Quezon City sa Metro Manila at Cainta at Antipolo sa Rizal. May mga taxi na maaaring gamitin kapag hiniling.

==Galerya==

&lt;galerya&gt;
File:LRT–2 MarikinaPasigStationEntrance.jpg|Marikina–Pasig station entrance
File:Line_2_Emerald_Station_Exterior_Construction_8.jpg|alt=Marikina–Pasig Station under construction|Station under construction, May 2019
File:Marikina-Pasig Station Entrance (1-14-23).jpg|An entrance of the station, with the renamed signage
File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station exterior aerial view.png|alt=Marikina–Pasig station aerial view|Aerial view of the station
&lt;/galerya&gt;

==Mga tala==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Emerald station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Emerald]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:12:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Galerya */</comment>
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      <text bytes="10787" sha1="tjpv7ik3t3212c7rmm6lwxlj2vghjr5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Emerald
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2 East Extension]]
 | image          = File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station Platform.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = 
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = Dela Paz (Santolan), [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2 East Extension]]
 | other          = Emerald &lt;br&gt; Marikina{{efn|group=note|Ang pangalang ito ay panandaliang ginamit noong 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bubuksan ang mga istasyon ng Marikina-Pasig, Antipolo sa Hulyo 6|first=Ma. Alena O.|last=Castillo|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/07/01/195181/lrt-2-marikina-pasig-antipolo-stations-to-open-on-july-6/|work=InterAksyon|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang ginagamit pa rin sa mga mapa ng ruta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mapa ng Ruta ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrta-route-map/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; mga matris ng pamasahe, mga makina ng tiket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mga Tiket at Pamasahe ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/tickets-and-fares/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga babala sa social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Opisyal na LRTA Twitter|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Light Rail Transit Authority - LRT2|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = Oo (Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall, Robinsons Metro East)
 | bicycle        = Oo
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = 
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Hulyo 5, 2021
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Antipolo|next=Santolan}}
 | ADA            = 
 | code           = Em
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Emerald''' o '''Himpilang Emerald''' ay isa sa mga pinaplanong dagdag na himpilan sa silangan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Kapag ito ay naitayo, ito ang nag-iisang himpilan sa linya na nasa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]. Magsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]] at ipinangalan mula sa Kalsadang Emerald.

Magsisilbi ang himpilang Emerald bilang panlabing-dalawang himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Masinag|Masinag]] at bilang ikalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] o sa hinaharap ay patungong [[Estasyong Pier 4|Pier 4]].

==Kasaysayan==
Ang East Extension ay iminungkahi noong 1999 bilang bahagi ng Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS), na nagtataguyod para sa pagpapalawig ng LRT Line 2 patungong Antipolo. Sa simula, ang iminungkahing istasyon ay tinukoy bilang Midtown Subdivision noong yugto ng pagpaplano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMUTIS Appendices |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580461_04.pdf |access-date=Hunyo 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay itinayo bilang bahagi ng ekstensyon, na nangangailangan ng isang {{convert|3.8|km|sp=us|adj=on}} ekstensyon pasilangan mula sa [[Estasyon ng Santolan]] at ang pagtatayo ng dalawang istasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;south&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Update: Ang Proyekto ng Ekstensyon ng Linya 2 (Silangan/Kanluran) |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004701/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |archive-date=Marso 10, 2012 |access-date=Marso 23, 2012 |website=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang istasyon noong ito ay itinatag ay tinawag na &quot;Emerald&quot;, ngunit pinalitan ng pangalan bilang &quot;Marikina&quot; noong Enero 2021 bago ito buksan. Ito ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa pangalawang pagkakataon noong Oktubre 31, 2021, bilang &quot;Marikina–Pasig&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marikina-Pasig&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1454693913562738688|user=OfficialLRTA|title=1/n Kumusta! Salamat sa paghihintay ng aming tugon. Mayroon pong mga pinagbasehan kung bakit pinalitan ang pangalan ng mga istasyon ng Line 2 East Masinag East Extension Project. Ini-utos ng kalihim na palitan ang pangalang Emerald at Masinag bilang tugon sa panawagan ng mga LGU|author=LRTA|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang pagtatayo ng East Extension ay nagsimula noong 2015, habang ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo|Antipolo]] at Marikina–Pasig station ay bumagsak noong Mayo 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Line 2 extension to Antipolo '92 percent complete': DOTr |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/09/17/20/lrt-2-extension-to-antipolo-92-percent-complete-dotr |access-date=September 17, 2020 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pagbubukas ng extension ay dapat sana ay sa ikaapat na quarter ng 2020, ngunit paulit-ulit na ipinagpaliban dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas|Pandemya ng COVID-19]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rey, Aika |date=Abril 16, 2021 |title=Pinapaliban ng COVID-19 ang pagbubukas ng East Extension hanggang Hunyo 23 |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/covid-19-curbs-delay-lrt2-east-extension-opening-june-2021/ |access-date=Abril 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at iba't ibang mga pangyayari sa pagsasama ng east extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Ghio |date=Hunyo 22, 2021 |title=Ipinagpaliban ang pagbubukas ng 2 istasyon ng LRTA |work=The Philippine Star |location=MANILA, Pilipinas |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/06/22/2107131/opening-2-lrt-stations-postponed |access-date=Hunyo 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang silangang ekstensyon ay pinasinayaan noong Hulyo 1, 2021, at ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay binuksan sa publiko noong Hulyo 5, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Leandre |date=Hulyo 5, 2021 |title=Ang mga bagong istasyon sa Marikina-Pasig at Antipolo ay gumagana na ngayon |work=Top Gear Philippines |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705 |access-date=Hulyo 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Libre ang mga sakay para sa East Extension hanggang Hulyo 18, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1, 2021 |title=Duterte: Libreng sakay mula sa mga istasyon ng Antipolo patungong Santolan, vice versa sa loob ng 2 linggo |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/793717/duterte-free-rides-from-antipolo-to-santolan-stations-vice-versa-for-2-weeks/story/ |access-date=Hulyo 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nang magbukas ang istasyon, ang plataporma patungong kanluran ay gumagana lamang para sa pansamantalang [[Paglalapat ng mga signal ng riles#Bidirectional signalling|bidirectional]] na mga serbisyo ng shuttle dahil hindi pa natatapos ang mga gawaing pagsasama ng silangang extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya. Ang plataporma patungong silangan ay naging mabisa noong Setyembre 3, 2021, matapos makumpleto ang mga gawaing integrasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED Iskedyul ng Operasyon ng Tren ng LRTA Line 2 |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA/photos/a.937951362930817/4384275098298409/ |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2021 |website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga kalapit na palatandaan==
Ang istasyon ay direktang konektado sa dalawang sentro ng pamimili: [[Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall]] at [[Robinsons Metro East]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumasang-ayon ang Sta. Lucia na magbigay ng daan papunta sa istasyon |date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/12/18/business/sta-lucia-agrees-to-give-access-to-lrt-2-extension/235146/ |access-date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |publisher=[[Manila Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madali rin itong mapupuntahan sa mga residential area ng Barangay San Roque sa Marikina sa pamamagitan ng Liamzon, Ditchoy, at Dasdasan Streets. Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga kalapit na Sta. Lucia Residences at Q Plaza.

Mapupuntahan din ang estasyon sa pamamagitan ng mga hintuan ng pampublikong transportasyon sa kahabaan ng [[Marikina–Infanta Highway]] para sa mga commuter na papunta sa [[Ayala Malls Feliz]] at [[APT Entertainment#APT Studios|APT Studios]], at sa kahabaan ng Gil Fernando Avenue para sa mga commuter na papunta sa Marikina City Hall, [[Marikina Sports Complex]], [[Blue Wave-Marikina|Blue Wave Mall]], S&amp;R Marikina, at mga residential condominium tulad ng Tropicana Garden City, Marquinton at Sienna Tower Residences, na medyo malayo sa estasyon. Ang estasyon ay isa sa pinakamalaking estasyon ng tren na itinayo sa Line 2 at inaasahang isa ito sa mga pinaka-abalang estasyon sa linya dahil sa lokasyon nito sa pinakamaabalang daanan sa kahabaan ng Marikina–Infanta Highway.
==Mga link sa transportasyon==
Mayroong terminal ng jeepney at [[UV Express]] sa Robinsons Metro East. Mayroon ding terminal ng jeepney sa Sta. Lucia Grand East Mall. Ang istasyon ay nagsisilbi rin sa isang hintuan ng bus sa Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall sa pamamagitan ng [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila#Lokal na serbisyo|Ruta ng Bus 3 (Antipolo–Quiapo)]] para sa mga direktang biyahe papunta at pabalik mula sa Marikina, Pasig, Maynila at Quezon City sa Metro Manila at Cainta at Antipolo sa Rizal. May mga taxi na maaaring gamitin kapag hiniling.

==Galerya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:LRT–2 Marikina–Pasig Station Entrance.jpg|Pasukan ng Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig
File:Line_2_Emerald_Station_Exterior_Construction_8.jpg|alt=Isinasagawa ang Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Isinasagawa ang Estasyon, Mayo 2019
File:Marikina-Pasig Station Entrance (1-14-23).jpg|Isang pasukan ng istasyon, kasama ang pinalitan ng pangalang karatula
File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station exterior aerial view.png|alt=Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng istasyon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga tala==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Emerald station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Emerald]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241181</id>
      <parentid>2241180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:13:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Galerya */</comment>
      <origin>2241181</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10778" sha1="7ylon3uoix8qkh9sxk6xqkdeu8yxbip" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Emerald
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2 East Extension]]
 | image          = File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station Platform.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = 
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = Dela Paz (Santolan), [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2 East Extension]]
 | other          = Emerald &lt;br&gt; Marikina{{efn|group=note|Ang pangalang ito ay panandaliang ginamit noong 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bubuksan ang mga istasyon ng Marikina-Pasig, Antipolo sa Hulyo 6|first=Ma. Alena O.|last=Castillo|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/07/01/195181/lrt-2-marikina-pasig-antipolo-stations-to-open-on-july-6/|work=InterAksyon|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang ginagamit pa rin sa mga mapa ng ruta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mapa ng Ruta ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrta-route-map/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; mga matris ng pamasahe, mga makina ng tiket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mga Tiket at Pamasahe ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/tickets-and-fares/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga babala sa social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Opisyal na LRTA Twitter|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Light Rail Transit Authority - LRT2|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = Oo (Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall, Robinsons Metro East)
 | bicycle        = Oo
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = 
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Hulyo 5, 2021
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Antipolo|next=Santolan}}
 | ADA            = 
 | code           = Em
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Emerald''' o '''Himpilang Emerald''' ay isa sa mga pinaplanong dagdag na himpilan sa silangan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Kapag ito ay naitayo, ito ang nag-iisang himpilan sa linya na nasa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]. Magsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]] at ipinangalan mula sa Kalsadang Emerald.

Magsisilbi ang himpilang Emerald bilang panlabing-dalawang himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Masinag|Masinag]] at bilang ikalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] o sa hinaharap ay patungong [[Estasyong Pier 4|Pier 4]].

==Kasaysayan==
Ang East Extension ay iminungkahi noong 1999 bilang bahagi ng Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS), na nagtataguyod para sa pagpapalawig ng LRT Line 2 patungong Antipolo. Sa simula, ang iminungkahing istasyon ay tinukoy bilang Midtown Subdivision noong yugto ng pagpaplano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMUTIS Appendices |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580461_04.pdf |access-date=Hunyo 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay itinayo bilang bahagi ng ekstensyon, na nangangailangan ng isang {{convert|3.8|km|sp=us|adj=on}} ekstensyon pasilangan mula sa [[Estasyon ng Santolan]] at ang pagtatayo ng dalawang istasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;south&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Update: Ang Proyekto ng Ekstensyon ng Linya 2 (Silangan/Kanluran) |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004701/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |archive-date=Marso 10, 2012 |access-date=Marso 23, 2012 |website=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang istasyon noong ito ay itinatag ay tinawag na &quot;Emerald&quot;, ngunit pinalitan ng pangalan bilang &quot;Marikina&quot; noong Enero 2021 bago ito buksan. Ito ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa pangalawang pagkakataon noong Oktubre 31, 2021, bilang &quot;Marikina–Pasig&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marikina-Pasig&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1454693913562738688|user=OfficialLRTA|title=1/n Kumusta! Salamat sa paghihintay ng aming tugon. Mayroon pong mga pinagbasehan kung bakit pinalitan ang pangalan ng mga istasyon ng Line 2 East Masinag East Extension Project. Ini-utos ng kalihim na palitan ang pangalang Emerald at Masinag bilang tugon sa panawagan ng mga LGU|author=LRTA|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang pagtatayo ng East Extension ay nagsimula noong 2015, habang ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo|Antipolo]] at Marikina–Pasig station ay bumagsak noong Mayo 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Line 2 extension to Antipolo '92 percent complete': DOTr |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/09/17/20/lrt-2-extension-to-antipolo-92-percent-complete-dotr |access-date=September 17, 2020 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pagbubukas ng extension ay dapat sana ay sa ikaapat na quarter ng 2020, ngunit paulit-ulit na ipinagpaliban dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas|Pandemya ng COVID-19]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rey, Aika |date=Abril 16, 2021 |title=Pinapaliban ng COVID-19 ang pagbubukas ng East Extension hanggang Hunyo 23 |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/covid-19-curbs-delay-lrt2-east-extension-opening-june-2021/ |access-date=Abril 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at iba't ibang mga pangyayari sa pagsasama ng east extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Ghio |date=Hunyo 22, 2021 |title=Ipinagpaliban ang pagbubukas ng 2 istasyon ng LRTA |work=The Philippine Star |location=MANILA, Pilipinas |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/06/22/2107131/opening-2-lrt-stations-postponed |access-date=Hunyo 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang silangang ekstensyon ay pinasinayaan noong Hulyo 1, 2021, at ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay binuksan sa publiko noong Hulyo 5, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Leandre |date=Hulyo 5, 2021 |title=Ang mga bagong istasyon sa Marikina-Pasig at Antipolo ay gumagana na ngayon |work=Top Gear Philippines |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705 |access-date=Hulyo 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Libre ang mga sakay para sa East Extension hanggang Hulyo 18, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1, 2021 |title=Duterte: Libreng sakay mula sa mga istasyon ng Antipolo patungong Santolan, vice versa sa loob ng 2 linggo |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/793717/duterte-free-rides-from-antipolo-to-santolan-stations-vice-versa-for-2-weeks/story/ |access-date=Hulyo 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nang magbukas ang istasyon, ang plataporma patungong kanluran ay gumagana lamang para sa pansamantalang [[Paglalapat ng mga signal ng riles#Bidirectional signalling|bidirectional]] na mga serbisyo ng shuttle dahil hindi pa natatapos ang mga gawaing pagsasama ng silangang extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya. Ang plataporma patungong silangan ay naging mabisa noong Setyembre 3, 2021, matapos makumpleto ang mga gawaing integrasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED Iskedyul ng Operasyon ng Tren ng LRTA Line 2 |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA/photos/a.937951362930817/4384275098298409/ |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2021 |website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga kalapit na palatandaan==
Ang istasyon ay direktang konektado sa dalawang sentro ng pamimili: [[Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall]] at [[Robinsons Metro East]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumasang-ayon ang Sta. Lucia na magbigay ng daan papunta sa istasyon |date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/12/18/business/sta-lucia-agrees-to-give-access-to-lrt-2-extension/235146/ |access-date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |publisher=[[Manila Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madali rin itong mapupuntahan sa mga residential area ng Barangay San Roque sa Marikina sa pamamagitan ng Liamzon, Ditchoy, at Dasdasan Streets. Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga kalapit na Sta. Lucia Residences at Q Plaza.

Mapupuntahan din ang estasyon sa pamamagitan ng mga hintuan ng pampublikong transportasyon sa kahabaan ng [[Marikina–Infanta Highway]] para sa mga commuter na papunta sa [[Ayala Malls Feliz]] at [[APT Entertainment#APT Studios|APT Studios]], at sa kahabaan ng Gil Fernando Avenue para sa mga commuter na papunta sa Marikina City Hall, [[Marikina Sports Complex]], [[Blue Wave-Marikina|Blue Wave Mall]], S&amp;R Marikina, at mga residential condominium tulad ng Tropicana Garden City, Marquinton at Sienna Tower Residences, na medyo malayo sa estasyon. Ang estasyon ay isa sa pinakamalaking estasyon ng tren na itinayo sa Line 2 at inaasahang isa ito sa mga pinaka-abalang estasyon sa linya dahil sa lokasyon nito sa pinakamaabalang daanan sa kahabaan ng Marikina–Infanta Highway.
==Mga link sa transportasyon==
Mayroong terminal ng jeepney at [[UV Express]] sa Robinsons Metro East. Mayroon ding terminal ng jeepney sa Sta. Lucia Grand East Mall. Ang istasyon ay nagsisilbi rin sa isang hintuan ng bus sa Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall sa pamamagitan ng [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila#Lokal na serbisyo|Ruta ng Bus 3 (Antipolo–Quiapo)]] para sa mga direktang biyahe papunta at pabalik mula sa Marikina, Pasig, Maynila at Quezon City sa Metro Manila at Cainta at Antipolo sa Rizal. May mga taxi na maaaring gamitin kapag hiniling.

==Galerya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:LRT–2 Marikina–Pasig Station Entrance.jpg|Pasukan ng Estasyon ng Emerald
File:Line_2_Emerald_Station_Exterior_Construction_8.jpg|alt=Isinasagawa ang Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Isinasagawa ang Estasyon, Mayo 2019
File:Marikina-Pasig Station Entrance (1-14-23).jpg|Isang pasukan ng istasyon, kasama ang pinalitan ng pangalang karatula
File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station exterior aerial view.png|alt=Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng istasyon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga tala==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Emerald station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Emerald]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241182</id>
      <parentid>2241181</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:14:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasaysayan */</comment>
      <origin>2241182</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="10805" sha1="m7ix6gq1dmq5oaiy00tq6bxe5d09592" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Emerald
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2 East Extension]]
 | image          = File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station Platform.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = 
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = Dela Paz (Santolan), [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2 East Extension]]
 | other          = Emerald &lt;br&gt; Marikina{{efn|group=note|Ang pangalang ito ay panandaliang ginamit noong 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bubuksan ang mga istasyon ng Marikina-Pasig, Antipolo sa Hulyo 6|first=Ma. Alena O.|last=Castillo|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/07/01/195181/lrt-2-marikina-pasig-antipolo-stations-to-open-on-july-6/|work=InterAksyon|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang ginagamit pa rin sa mga mapa ng ruta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mapa ng Ruta ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrta-route-map/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; mga matris ng pamasahe, mga makina ng tiket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mga Tiket at Pamasahe ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/tickets-and-fares/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga babala sa social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Opisyal na LRTA Twitter|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Light Rail Transit Authority - LRT2|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = Oo (Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall, Robinsons Metro East)
 | bicycle        = Oo
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = 
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Hulyo 5, 2021
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Antipolo|next=Santolan}}
 | ADA            = 
 | code           = Em
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Emerald''' o '''Himpilang Emerald''' ay isa sa mga pinaplanong dagdag na himpilan sa silangan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Kapag ito ay naitayo, ito ang nag-iisang himpilan sa linya na nasa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]. Magsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]] at ipinangalan mula sa Kalsadang Emerald.

Magsisilbi ang himpilang Emerald bilang panlabing-dalawang himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Masinag|Masinag]] at bilang ikalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] o sa hinaharap ay patungong [[Estasyong Pier 4|Pier 4]].

==Kasaysayan==
Ang East Extension ay iminungkahi noong 1999 bilang bahagi ng Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS), na nagtataguyod para sa pagpapalawig ng LRT Line 2 patungong Antipolo. Sa simula, ang iminungkahing istasyon ay tinukoy bilang Midtown Subdivision noong yugto ng pagpaplano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMUTIS Appendices |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580461_04.pdf |access-date=Hunyo 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay itinayo bilang bahagi ng ekstensyon, na nangangailangan ng isang {{convert|3.8|km|sp=us|adj=on}} ekstensyon pasilangan mula sa [[Estasyon ng Santolan (LRT)|Estasyon ng Santolan]] at ang pagtatayo ng dalawang istasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;south&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Update: Ang Proyekto ng Ekstensyon ng Linya 2 (Silangan/Kanluran) |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004701/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |archive-date=Marso 10, 2012 |access-date=Marso 23, 2012 |website=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang istasyon noong ito ay itinatag ay tinawag na &quot;Emerald&quot;, ngunit pinalitan ng pangalan bilang &quot;Marikina&quot; noong Enero 2021 bago ito buksan. Ito ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa pangalawang pagkakataon noong Oktubre 31, 2021, bilang &quot;Marikina–Pasig&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marikina-Pasig&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1454693913562738688|user=OfficialLRTA|title=1/n Kumusta! Salamat sa paghihintay ng aming tugon. Mayroon pong mga pinagbasehan kung bakit pinalitan ang pangalan ng mga istasyon ng Line 2 East Masinag East Extension Project. Ini-utos ng kalihim na palitan ang pangalang Emerald at Masinag bilang tugon sa panawagan ng mga LGU|author=LRTA|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang pagtatayo ng East Extension ay nagsimula noong 2015, habang ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo|Antipolo]] at Marikina–Pasig station ay bumagsak noong Mayo 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Line 2 extension to Antipolo '92 percent complete': DOTr |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/09/17/20/lrt-2-extension-to-antipolo-92-percent-complete-dotr |access-date=September 17, 2020 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pagbubukas ng extension ay dapat sana ay sa ikaapat na quarter ng 2020, ngunit paulit-ulit na ipinagpaliban dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas|Pandemya ng COVID-19]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rey, Aika |date=Abril 16, 2021 |title=Pinapaliban ng COVID-19 ang pagbubukas ng East Extension hanggang Hunyo 23 |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/covid-19-curbs-delay-lrt2-east-extension-opening-june-2021/ |access-date=Abril 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at iba't ibang mga pangyayari sa pagsasama ng east extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Ghio |date=Hunyo 22, 2021 |title=Ipinagpaliban ang pagbubukas ng 2 istasyon ng LRTA |work=The Philippine Star |location=MANILA, Pilipinas |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/06/22/2107131/opening-2-lrt-stations-postponed |access-date=Hunyo 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang silangang ekstensyon ay pinasinayaan noong Hulyo 1, 2021, at ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay binuksan sa publiko noong Hulyo 5, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Leandre |date=Hulyo 5, 2021 |title=Ang mga bagong istasyon sa Marikina-Pasig at Antipolo ay gumagana na ngayon |work=Top Gear Philippines |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705 |access-date=Hulyo 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Libre ang mga sakay para sa East Extension hanggang Hulyo 18, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1, 2021 |title=Duterte: Libreng sakay mula sa mga istasyon ng Antipolo patungong Santolan, vice versa sa loob ng 2 linggo |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/793717/duterte-free-rides-from-antipolo-to-santolan-stations-vice-versa-for-2-weeks/story/ |access-date=Hulyo 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nang magbukas ang istasyon, ang plataporma patungong kanluran ay gumagana lamang para sa pansamantalang [[Paglalapat ng mga signal ng riles#Bidirectional signalling|bidirectional]] na mga serbisyo ng shuttle dahil hindi pa natatapos ang mga gawaing pagsasama ng silangang extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya. Ang plataporma patungong silangan ay naging mabisa noong Setyembre 3, 2021, matapos makumpleto ang mga gawaing integrasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED Iskedyul ng Operasyon ng Tren ng LRTA Line 2 |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA/photos/a.937951362930817/4384275098298409/ |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2021 |website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga kalapit na palatandaan==
Ang istasyon ay direktang konektado sa dalawang sentro ng pamimili: [[Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall]] at [[Robinsons Metro East]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumasang-ayon ang Sta. Lucia na magbigay ng daan papunta sa istasyon |date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/12/18/business/sta-lucia-agrees-to-give-access-to-lrt-2-extension/235146/ |access-date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |publisher=[[Manila Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madali rin itong mapupuntahan sa mga residential area ng Barangay San Roque sa Marikina sa pamamagitan ng Liamzon, Ditchoy, at Dasdasan Streets. Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga kalapit na Sta. Lucia Residences at Q Plaza.

Mapupuntahan din ang estasyon sa pamamagitan ng mga hintuan ng pampublikong transportasyon sa kahabaan ng [[Marikina–Infanta Highway]] para sa mga commuter na papunta sa [[Ayala Malls Feliz]] at [[APT Entertainment#APT Studios|APT Studios]], at sa kahabaan ng Gil Fernando Avenue para sa mga commuter na papunta sa Marikina City Hall, [[Marikina Sports Complex]], [[Blue Wave-Marikina|Blue Wave Mall]], S&amp;R Marikina, at mga residential condominium tulad ng Tropicana Garden City, Marquinton at Sienna Tower Residences, na medyo malayo sa estasyon. Ang estasyon ay isa sa pinakamalaking estasyon ng tren na itinayo sa Line 2 at inaasahang isa ito sa mga pinaka-abalang estasyon sa linya dahil sa lokasyon nito sa pinakamaabalang daanan sa kahabaan ng Marikina–Infanta Highway.
==Mga link sa transportasyon==
Mayroong terminal ng jeepney at [[UV Express]] sa Robinsons Metro East. Mayroon ding terminal ng jeepney sa Sta. Lucia Grand East Mall. Ang istasyon ay nagsisilbi rin sa isang hintuan ng bus sa Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall sa pamamagitan ng [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila#Lokal na serbisyo|Ruta ng Bus 3 (Antipolo–Quiapo)]] para sa mga direktang biyahe papunta at pabalik mula sa Marikina, Pasig, Maynila at Quezon City sa Metro Manila at Cainta at Antipolo sa Rizal. May mga taxi na maaaring gamitin kapag hiniling.

==Galerya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:LRT–2 Marikina–Pasig Station Entrance.jpg|Pasukan ng Estasyon ng Emerald
File:Line_2_Emerald_Station_Exterior_Construction_8.jpg|alt=Isinasagawa ang Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Isinasagawa ang Estasyon, Mayo 2019
File:Marikina-Pasig Station Entrance (1-14-23).jpg|Isang pasukan ng istasyon, kasama ang pinalitan ng pangalang karatula
File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station exterior aerial view.png|alt=Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng istasyon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga tala==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Emerald station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Emerald]]</text>
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      <text bytes="10833" sha1="0xykwxjr85ze2lmknbd3mg5j1mkx70p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
 | name           = Emerald
 | type           = [[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2|Manila MRT Line 2 East Extension]]
 | image          = File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station Platform.jpg
 | image_size     = 300
 | image_caption  = 
 | color          = 324a9c
 | address        = Dela Paz (Santolan), [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]
 | coordinates    = {{Coord|14|37|19.7|N|121|05|09.3|E|type:railwaystation_region:PH_scale:10000|display=inline,title}}
 | line           = [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|MRT-2 East Extension]]
 | other          = Emerald &lt;br&gt; Marikina{{efn|group=note|Ang pangalang ito ay panandaliang ginamit noong 2021&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bubuksan ang mga istasyon ng Marikina-Pasig, Antipolo sa Hulyo 6|first=Ma. Alena O.|last=Castillo|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/07/01/195181/lrt-2-marikina-pasig-antipolo-stations-to-open-on-july-6/|work=InterAksyon|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at kasalukuyang ginagamit pa rin sa mga mapa ng ruta,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mapa ng Ruta ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/lrta-route-map/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; mga matris ng pamasahe, mga makina ng tiket,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Mga Tiket at Pamasahe ng LRTA|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.lrta.gov.ph/tickets-and-fares/|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga babala sa social media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Opisyal na LRTA Twitter|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://twitter.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Light Rail Transit Authority - LRT2|first=|last=|date=Hulyo 1, 2021|url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA|work=LRTA|access-date=Enero 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
 | structure      = Tulay (''overpass'')
 | platform       = Gilid ng batalan
 | tracks         = 2
 | parking        = Oo (Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall, Robinsons Metro East)
 | bicycle        = Oo
 | passengers     =
 | baggage_check  = 
 | pass_year      =
 | pass_percent   =
 | opened         = Hulyo 5, 2021
 | rebuilt        =
 | services       = {{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=2|previous=Antipolo|next=Santolan}}
 | ADA            = 
 | code           = Em
 | owned          = [[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon at Komunikasyon]]
 | operator       = [[Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila]]
 | zone           =
 | map            = {{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2}}
}}

Ang '''Estasyon ng Emerald''' o '''Himpilang Emerald''' ay isa sa mga pinaplanong dagdag na himpilan sa silangan sa [[Ikalawang Linya ng Sistema ng Magaan na Riles Panlulan ng Maynila|Linyang Bughaw]] ng sistemang [[Magaan na Riles Pantawid ng Maynila]] (MRT-2). Kapag ito ay naitayo, ito ang nag-iisang himpilan sa linya na nasa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]]. Magsisilbi ang himpilan para sa [[Lungsod ng Pasig]] at ipinangalan mula sa Kalsadang Emerald.

Magsisilbi ang himpilang Emerald bilang panlabing-dalawang himpilan para sa mga treng MRT-2 na patungo sa [[Estasyong Masinag|Masinag]] at bilang ikalawang himpilan para sa mga treng patungo sa [[Estasyong Recto|Recto]] o sa hinaharap ay patungong [[Estasyong Pier 4|Pier 4]].

==Kasaysayan==
Ang East Extension ay iminungkahi noong 1999 bilang bahagi ng Metro Manila Urban Transportation Integration Study (MMUTIS), na nagtataguyod para sa pagpapalawig ng LRT Line 2 patungong Antipolo. Sa simula, ang iminungkahing istasyon ay tinukoy bilang Midtown Subdivision noong yugto ng pagpaplano.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MMUTIS Appendices |url=https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11580461_04.pdf |access-date=Hunyo 2, 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay itinayo bilang bahagi ng ekstensyon, na nangangailangan ng isang {{convert|3.8|km|sp=us|adj=on}} ekstensyon pasilangan mula sa [[Estasyon ng Santolan (LRT)|Estasyon ng Santolan]] at ang pagtatayo ng dalawang istasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;south&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Update: Ang Proyekto ng Ekstensyon ng Linya 2 (Silangan/Kanluran) |url=http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004701/http://www.lrta.gov.ph/future_l2ex.htm |archive-date=Marso 10, 2012 |access-date=Marso 23, 2012 |website=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang istasyon noong ito ay itinatag ay tinawag na &quot;Emerald&quot;, ngunit pinalitan ng pangalan bilang &quot;Marikina&quot; noong Enero 2021 bago ito buksan. Ito ay pinalitan ng pangalan sa pangalawang pagkakataon noong Oktubre 31, 2021, bilang &quot;Marikina–Pasig&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marikina-Pasig&quot;&gt;{{Cite tweet|number=1454693913562738688|user=OfficialLRTA|title=1/n Kumusta! Salamat sa paghihintay ng aming tugon. Mayroon pong mga pinagbasehan kung bakit pinalitan ang pangalan ng mga istasyon ng Line 2 East Masinag East Extension Project. Ini-utos ng kalihim na palitan ang pangalang Emerald at Masinag bilang tugon sa panawagan ng mga LGU|author=LRTA|access-date=Nobyembre 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang pagtatayo ng East Extension ay nagsimula noong 2015, habang ang [[Estasyon ng Antipolo|Antipolo]] at Marikina–Pasig station ay bumagsak noong Mayo 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Line 2 extension to Antipolo '92 percent complete': DOTr |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/09/17/20/lrt-2-extension-to-antipolo-92-percent-complete-dotr |access-date=September 17, 2020 |publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pagbubukas ng extension ay dapat sana ay sa ikaapat na quarter ng 2020, ngunit paulit-ulit na ipinagpaliban dahil sa [[Pandemya ng COVID-19 sa Pilipinas|Pandemya ng COVID-19]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rey, Aika |date=Abril 16, 2021 |title=Pinapaliban ng COVID-19 ang pagbubukas ng East Extension hanggang Hunyo 23 |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/business/covid-19-curbs-delay-lrt2-east-extension-opening-june-2021/ |access-date=Abril 16, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; at iba't ibang mga pangyayari sa pagsasama ng east extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ong |first=Ghio |date=Hunyo 22, 2021 |title=Ipinagpaliban ang pagbubukas ng 2 istasyon ng LRTA |work=The Philippine Star |location=MANILA, Pilipinas |url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2021/06/22/2107131/opening-2-lrt-stations-postponed |access-date=Hunyo 23, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang silangang ekstensyon ay pinasinayaan noong Hulyo 1, 2021, at ang istasyon ng Marikina–Pasig ay binuksan sa publiko noong Hulyo 5, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Garcia |first=Leandre |date=Hulyo 5, 2021 |title=Ang mga bagong istasyon sa Marikina-Pasig at Antipolo ay gumagana na ngayon |work=Top Gear Philippines |url=https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/lrt-2-east-extension-opening-a4354-20210705 |access-date=Hulyo 5, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Libre ang mga sakay para sa East Extension hanggang Hulyo 18, 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1, 2021 |title=Duterte: Libreng sakay mula sa mga istasyon ng Antipolo patungong Santolan, vice versa sa loob ng 2 linggo |work=GMA News |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/metro/793717/duterte-free-rides-from-antipolo-to-santolan-stations-vice-versa-for-2-weeks/story/ |access-date=Hulyo 1, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nang magbukas ang istasyon, ang plataporma patungong kanluran ay gumagana lamang para sa pansamantalang [[Paglalapat ng mga signal ng riles#Bidirectional signalling|bidirectional]] na mga serbisyo ng shuttle dahil hindi pa natatapos ang mga gawaing pagsasama ng silangang extension sa mga umiiral na sistema ng linya. Ang plataporma patungong silangan ay naging mabisa noong Setyembre 3, 2021, matapos makumpleto ang mga gawaing integrasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UPDATED Iskedyul ng Operasyon ng Tren ng LRTA Line 2 |url=https://www.facebook.com/OfficialLRTA/photos/a.937951362930817/4384275098298409/ |access-date=Setyembre 3, 2021 |website=Facebook}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga kalapit na palatandaan==
Ang istasyon ay direktang konektado sa dalawang sentro ng pamimili: [[Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall]] at [[Robinsons Metro East]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sumasang-ayon ang Sta. Lucia na magbigay ng daan papunta sa istasyon |date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2015/12/18/business/sta-lucia-agrees-to-give-access-to-lrt-2-extension/235146/ |access-date=Disyembre 18, 2015 |publisher=[[Manila Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Madali rin itong mapupuntahan sa mga residential area ng Barangay San Roque sa Marikina sa pamamagitan ng Liamzon, Ditchoy, at Dasdasan Streets. Mapupuntahan din ito sa mga kalapit na Sta. Lucia Residences at Q Plaza.

Mapupuntahan din ang estasyon sa pamamagitan ng mga hintuan ng pampublikong transportasyon sa kahabaan ng [[Marikina–Infanta Highway]] para sa mga commuter na papunta sa [[Ayala Malls Feliz]] at [[APT Entertainment#APT Studios|APT Studios]], at sa kahabaan ng Gil Fernando Avenue para sa mga commuter na papunta sa Marikina City Hall, [[Marikina Sports Complex]], [[Blue Wave-Marikina|Blue Wave Mall]], S&amp;R Marikina, at mga residential condominium tulad ng Tropicana Garden City, Marquinton at Sienna Tower Residences, na medyo malayo sa estasyon. Ang estasyon ay isa sa pinakamalaking estasyon ng tren na itinayo sa Line 2 at inaasahang isa ito sa mga pinaka-abalang estasyon sa linya dahil sa lokasyon nito sa pinakamaabalang daanan sa kahabaan ng Marikina–Infanta Highway.
==Mga link sa transportasyon==
Mayroong terminal ng jeepney at [[UV Express]] sa Robinsons Metro East. Mayroon ding terminal ng jeepney sa Sta. Lucia Grand East Mall. Ang istasyon ay nagsisilbi rin sa isang hintuan ng bus sa Sta. Lucia East Grand Mall sa pamamagitan ng [[Listahan ng mga ruta ng bus sa Metro Manila#Lokal na serbisyo|Ruta ng Bus 3 (Antipolo–Quiapo)]] para sa mga direktang biyahe papunta at pabalik mula sa Marikina, Pasig, Maynila at Quezon City sa Metro Manila at Cainta at Antipolo sa Rizal. May mga taxi na maaaring gamitin kapag hiniling.

==Galerya==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:LRT–2 Marikina–Pasig Station Entrance.jpg|Pasukan ng Estasyon ng Emerald
File:Line_2_Emerald_Station_Exterior_Construction_8.jpg|alt=Isinasagawa ang Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Isinasagawa ang Estasyon, Mayo 2019
File:Marikina-Pasig Station Entrance (1-14-23).jpg|Isang pasukan ng istasyon, kasama ang pinalitan ng pangalang karatula
File:Line 2 Marikina–Pasig Station exterior aerial view.png|alt=Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng Estasyon ng Marikina–Pasig|Tanaw mula sa himpapawid ng istasyon
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Mga tala==
&lt;references group=&quot;note&quot;/&gt;

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga kawing panlabas==
* {{Commonscat-inline|Emerald station}}
* [http://www.lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php Websayt ng LRTA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528151018/http://lrta.gov.ph/customer_service.php |date=2014-05-28 }}

{{Ikalawang linya, Bughaw}}

[[Kaurian:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Emerald]]</text>
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    <title>Mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas</title>
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        <id>4</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Galeriya */ palitan ang letrato</comment>
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      <text bytes="15894" sha1="g545b17qvr4dxiktkfltcv8osu824wo" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Blood Compact historical marker.JPG|200px|thumbnail|right|Estilo ng mga panandang ikinabit ng Komite sa Pananaliksik Pangkasaysayang Filipino at mga Pananda, ang nauna sa Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas.]]
[[File:Jose Rizal historical marker (Calamba monument).jpg|200px|thumbnail|right|Kasalukuyang estilo ng mga ikinakabit ng Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan]]
Ang mga '''[[panandang pangkasaysayan]]''' ay inilalagay ng [[Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas]] (''National Historical Commission of the Philippines'' o NHCP) sa Pilipinas at mga piling lugar sa labas ng bansa na nagpapahayag ng mahahalagang pangyayari, personalidad,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/118778|title=Cardinal's historical marker unveiled|date=7 Setyembre 2008|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2016|newspaper=[[GMA News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/790311/nhcp-corrects-error-over-true-hero-of-battle-of-bangkusay|title=NHCP corrects error over true hero of Battle of Bangkusay|last=Orejas|first=Tonette|newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|date=13 Hunyo 2016|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; estruktura,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://devsite.mb.com.ph/historical-marker-in-subic-unveiled/|title=Historical marker in Subic unveiled|last=Reyes|first=Jonas|newspaper=[[Manila Bulletin]]|date=27 Nobyembre 2013|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2016}}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; at mga institusyon mula sa pambansa at lokal na kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/635334/cebu-unveils-historical-marker|title=UP Cebu unveils historical marker|first=Mellanie|last=Rosales|newspaper=[[The Philippine Star|The Freeman]]|date=3 Disyembre 2010|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga plakang ito ay nagsisilbing permanenteng pahiwatig na ikinakabit sa pampublikong lokasyon ng mga gusali, monumento, o natatanging lugar. Ang mga lokal na munisipalidad at lungsod ay maaari ring maglagay ng mga pananda ng mahahalagang personalidad o pangyayari na mahalaga sa lokalidad. Maaari silang makakuha ng permiso mula sa komisyon, ngunit hindi pinahihintulutan ang paglalagay ng [[Eskudo ng Pilipinas|sagisag ng Republika ng Pilipinas]].&lt;ref&gt;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9c6mrxI4zoYN0Ewdlk4WG9Ha28/view&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagaman maraming [[Tala ng mga Pagmamay-aring Pangkultura ng Pilipinas|Pagmamay-aring Pangkultura]] ay may mga nakakabit na panandang pangkasaysayan, hindi lahat ng mga pananda ay nakaayon sa isa sa mga tiyak na kategorya ng mga Pagmamay-aring Pangkultura. Noong Enero 2012, ang buong bilang ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ay 459.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Sites%20&amp;%20Structures%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf|title=LIST OF HISTORIC SITES AND STRUCTURES INSTALLED WITH HISTORICAL MARKERS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731011929/http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Sites%20%26%20Structures%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf|archive-date=31 July 2013|website=National Historical Commission of the Philippines|date=16 January 2012|accessdate=20 Hunyo 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngunit sa mga listahang ito, ang bilang ng mga pananda ay umaabot ng higit sa 1,300.

== Kasaysayan ==
[[File:Historical marker for Fort Santiago.jpg|thumbnail|left|&quot;Fort Santiago&quot; (1934)]]
{{Main article|Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas}}
Bago ang 1933, ilang sibikong pagkilos ang magsumikap na maglagay ng palatandaan sa mga makasaysayang pook at magtaguyod ng mga bantayog, gaya ng sa [[Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin]], [[Bantayog ni Rizal]], at lugar ng kapanganakan ni [[Andrés Bonifacio]]. 

Ang pinakanauna sa Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan o ''National Historical Commission of the Philippines'' (''NHCP'') ay ang Komite sa Pananaliksik Pangkasaysayang Filipino at mga Pananda. Itinatag noong Oktubre 23, 1933&lt;ref&gt;''Historical Markers Placed by the Philippine Historical Committee''. Maynila: Bureau of Printing. 1958.&lt;/ref&gt; sa ilalim ng Executive Order 451 sa ilalim ni [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador]] [[Frank Murphy]] sa [[Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)|panahong kolonyal ng Amerika]], isa sa mga pangunahing tungkulin nito ay itakda ang mga pangkultura at pangkasaysayang mga niluma sa Maynila, na kung saan ginawa na rin sa buong Pilipinas. Ang mga unang marker na ikinabit noong 1934 ay [[Simbahan ng San Agustin|Church of San Agustin]], [[Moog Santiago|Fort Santiago]], [[Plaza de Roma|Plaza McKinley]], [[Katedral ng Maynila|Roman Catholic Cathedral of Manila]], [[Basilica Minore de San Sebastian|San Sebastian Church]], [[Dalubhasaang Concordia|Concordia College]], [[Estasyong daangbakal ng Tutuban|Manila Railroad Company]], [[Dr. Lorenzo Negrao]], at [[Unibersidad ng Santo Tomas]] (kinalalagyan sa Intramuros). Ang ilan sa mga pananda ay nawala o nasira noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] at mga bagong pananda ang ikinabit bilang pamalit para sa Simbahan ng San Agustin at Katedral ng Maynila. Ang batayan na hugis ng mga pananda ay nagbago sa pagdaan ng panahon. Sa pagdaan ng mga panahon, may mga pananda na naitatalang nawawala o ninanakaw at ibinebenta bilang mga bakal na ikakalakal.&lt;ref&gt;Ocampo, Ambeth R. [http://opinion.inquirer.net/81352/circumnavigators-paradox &quot;Circumnavigator's paradox&quot;]. Retrieved 2017-12-21.&lt;/ref&gt; Ang paglalagay ng mga pananda ay itinuloy ng mga sumunod sa PHRMC: ang Philippines Historical Committee (PHC), Pambansang Suriang Pangkasaysayan (''National Historical Institute'' o ''NHI''), at ng Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan o (''National Historical Commission of the Philippines'' o ''NHCP''). Nag-iba rin ang estilo ng mga pananda sa pagdaan ng mga taon. 

Ang wika ng mga pananda ay pangunahin at nakararami sa [[Wikang Filipino|Filipino]], na mayroon din sa Ingles ay Espanyol. Ang unang pananda sa isang wikang rehiyonal ay inilagay sa [[Kapitolyo ng Lalawigan ng Cebu]] sa Lungsod Cebu. Ang mga pananda, sa parehong [[Wikang Sebwano|Cebuano]] at Filipino, ay inilagay noong 2008. Ang unang pananda sa [[Wikang Iloko|Ilocano]] ay ikinabit sa Mansion House sa Lungsod Baguio noong 2009. Ang unang pananda sa [[Wikang Kapampangan|Kapampangan]] at ikinabit upang ipagpunyagi ang Simbahan ng Lungsod Angeles noong 2017. Ang [[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa ibang bansa|mga pananda sa labas ng bansa]] ay maaari ring nakasulat sa lokal na wika ng lugar kung saan ito ikinabit, gaya ng sa Berlin, Alemanya&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23854678&lt;/ref&gt; na nakasulat sa Aleman at sa Ghent, Belhika,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30127147.&lt;/ref&gt; na nakasulat sa Pranses (parehong pinagpupunyagi ng mga pananda si [[José Rizal]]). Dalawa sa mga unang pananda sa labas ng Pilipinas ay ikinabit sa Ghent, Belhika, kung saan tumira si José Rizal habang inilathala ang ''[[El Filibusterismo]]'', at sa [[Dezhou]], [[Tsina]], kung saan si [[Paduka Pahala|Paduka Batara]], isang [[Talaan ng mga Sultan ng Sulu|Hari ng Sulu]] na nagbigay ng tributo sa [[Emperador Yongle]], ay tumira roon. Parehong ikinabit ang mga pananda noong 1959. 

Pinakamarami ang mga pananda na may kinalaman kay Rizal, at nabanggit ng historyador na si Teodoro A. Agoncillo na noong panahon niya (nanilbihan siya sa NHCP mula 1963 hanggang 1985), na ang kanilang mga pinagsisikapan ay kalakhang nauubos sa pag-apruba, pagtatalakay, at muling pagsulat ng mga nakasulat sa mga pananda. Sa dami ng mga pananda na may kinalaman kay Rizal, biniro niya,  “''Aba! Pati ba naman eskinitang inihian ni Rizal ibig lagyan ng marker!''”&lt;ref&gt;[http://opinion.inquirer.net/81352/circumnavigators-paradox Ocampo, Ambeth R.] [http://opinion.inquirer.net/81352/circumnavigators-paradox &quot;Circumnavigator's paradox&quot;]. Retrieved 2017-12-21.&lt;/ref&gt;  

Noong 200, habang isinasagawa ang seremonyas ng pag-aalis ng tabing ng panandang National Federation of Women's Clubs in the Philippines sa [[Manila Hotel]], nagbiro ang dating pangulo na si [[Fidel Ramos]] na ang paghahawi ng tabing pataas ay nagpaalala sa kaniya ng [[Sayaw ng paghuhubo't hubad|streaptease]], at napatawa ang lahat. Iyon na ang huling pagkakataon na hinahawi ang tabing pataas, at mula noon, hinihila na lamang ang mga tabing.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine-daily-inquirer/20100129/283089885288131 &quot;PressReader.com - Connecting People Through News&quot;]. ''www.pressreader.com''. Retrieved 2018-01-29.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Noong 2011, sinabi ng NHCP na magsisikap pa ito na maglakay ng mas maraming pananda sa Visayas at Mindanao para sa kanilang lalong paglaki ng papel sa pambansang kasaysayan, sapagkat kalakhan ng mga pananda ay sa Luzon. 

Ang [[Kudan]] o ang gusali ng embahada ng Pilipinas sa Tokyo ay itinakda bilang isang palatandaang pangkasaysayan ng NHCP at ginawaran ng pananda noong marso 3, 2004. Ito ang una at kasalukuyang natatanging pook sa labas na maging palatandaang pangkasaysayan.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/pinoyabroad/351042/envoy-s-residence-in-japan-becomes-phl-s-1st-overseas-historical-landmark/story/ &quot;Envoy's residence in Japan becomes PHL's 1st overseas historical landmark&quot;]. ''GMA News Online''. Retrieved 2018-01-29.&lt;/ref&gt; Sa paghahawi ng tabing, binanggit ni Embahador Manuel Lopez na ang gusali bilang ''isang hiyas ng paglilingkod panlabas ng Pilipinas''.&lt;ref&gt;[https://tokyo.philembassy.net/02events/philippine-ambassadors-official-residence-in-tokyo-proclaimed-philippine-national-historical-landmark/ &quot;Philippine Ambassador's Official Residence in Tokyo Proclaimed Philippine &quot;National Historical Landmark&quot; | Philippine Embassy – Tokyo, Japan&quot;]. ''tokyo.philembassy.net''. Retrieved 2018-01-29.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Noong Hunyo 3, 2016, nagbigay ng pananda ang NHCP sa isang walang pangalang personalidad sa unang pagkakataon. Isang pananda ang inilagay sa Macabebe, pinararangalan ang [[Tarik Sulayman|pinuno]] ng [[Labanan ng Bangkusay]], ang &quot;unang katutubo na nagbuwis ng buhay para sa kalayaan.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-pampanga/20160608/281792808294613 &quot;PressReader.com - Connecting People Through News&quot;]. ''www.pressreader.com''. Retrieved 2017-12-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga panandang pangkasaysayan sa mga Rehiyon ==
Ang mga talaan ng mga [[panandang pangkasaysayan]] na ikinabit ng Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan ay isang anotadong talaan ng mga tao, lugar, at pangyayari sa kasaysayan na inalala ng nasabing komisyon sa pamamagitan ng mga plakang cast-iron. 

Mayroon ding mga panandang ikinabit ang Pambansang Komisyong Pangkasaysayan sa labas ng Pilipinas na may kinalaman sa bansa, at may hiwalay na talaan sa mga panandang ito.

*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Kalakhang Maynila|Pambansang Punong Rehiyon]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera|Rehiyong Pampangasiwaan ng Cordillera]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Rehiyong Ilocos|Rehiyon I: Rehiyong Ilocos]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Lambak ng Cagayan|Rehiyon II: Lambak ng Cagayan]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Gitnang Luzon|Rehiyon III: Gitnang Luzon]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Calabarzon|Rehiyon IV-A: Calabarzon]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Mimaropa|Rehiyon IV-B: Mimaropa]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Rehiyong Bicol|Rehiyon V: Rehiyong Bicol]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Kanlurang Kabisayaan|Rehiyon VI: Kanlurang Kabisayaan]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Negros|Pulo ng Negros]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Gitnang Kabisayaan|Rehiyon VII: Gitnang Kabisayaan]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Silangang Kabisayaan|Rehiyon VIII: Silangang Kabisayaan]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Tangway ng Zamboanga|Rehiyon IX: Tangway ng Zamboanga]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Hilagang Mindanao|Rehiyon X: Hilagang Mindanao]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Rehiyong ng Davao|Rehiyon XI: Rehiyong ng Davao]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Soccsksargen|Rehiyon XII: Soccsksargen]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Caraga|Rehiyon XIII: Caraga]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa Awtonomong Rehiyon sa Muslim Mindanao|Awtonomong Rehiyon sa Muslim Mindanao]]
*[[Talaan ng mga panandang pangkasaysayan ng Pilipinas sa ibayong bansa|Sa ibayong bansa]]

== Galeriya ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Ateneo de Manila HistoricalMarker NHCPStorageManila.JPG|Ateneo de Manila, Intramuros, Maynila (kasalukuyang nasa Komisyon)
NielsonTower HistoricalMarker MakatiCity.jpg|Nielson Tower, Ayala, Lungsod Makati
Pang-alaalang Bantayog.jpg|Pang-alaalang Bantayog (World War II heroes of Pasig memorial), Abenida Caruncho, Malinao, Lungsod
Leon Ma. Guerrero (1915–1982).jpg|[[León María Guerrero III|Leon Ma. Guerrero (1915 - 1982)]], Nuestra Señora de Guia Plaza, Ermita, Maynila
Baguio Teachers' Camp historical marker vicinity - NHCP - 2.jpg|Baguio Teachers' Camp, Lungsod Baguio
Mansion Syquia PHC historical marker.jpg|Mansion Syquia, Lungsod Vigan, Ilocos Sur
Tumauini Church Marker.jpg|Simbahan ng Tumauini, Tumauini, Isabela
Republika Pilipina marker (Malolos).jpg|Republika Pilipina 1898-1901, Simbahan ng Inmaculada Concepcion, Lungsod Malolos, Bulacan
Church of Ibaan historical marker.jpg|Simbahan ng Ibaan, Ibaan, Batangas
Historical marker of the 15 Martyrs of Bicol at Naga City.jpg|Labinlimang Martir ng Bicol, Lungsod Naga, Camarines Sur
Miagao Church NHCP historical marker.jpg|Simbahan ng Miag-ao, Miag-ao, Iloilo
Carlos P. Garcia House NHI historical marker.jpg|Tahanan ni Carlos P. Garcia, Lungsod Tagbilaran, Bohol
Historical marker of Fort Pilar .jpg|Kutang Pilar, Lungsod Zamboanga
Simbahang Inmaculada Concepcion ng Tamontaka NHI historical marker.png|Simbahang Inmaculada Concepcion ng Tamontaka, Lungsod Cotabato
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Tingnan din==
*[[Talaan ng mga Pagmamamay-aring Pangkultura ng Pilipinas]]
*[[Talaan ng mga Pambansang Yamang Pangkultura ng Pilipians]]

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

==Mga panlabas na link==
{{Commons category|Historical markers in the Philippines}}
*[http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Sites%20&amp;%20Structures%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf Isang talaan ng mga lugar at estruktura na may mga panandang pangkasaysayan noong 16 Enero 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731011929/http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Sites%20%26%20Structures%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf |date=31 Hulyo 2013 }}
*[http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Institutions%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf Isang talaan ng mga institusyon na may mga panandang pangkasaysayan noong 16 Enero 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502005220/http://www.nhcp.gov.ph/downloads/List%20of%20Institutions%20with%20Markers%20as%20of%20Jan-16-2012.pdf |date=2 Mayo 2013 }}
*[http://www.nhcphistoricsites.blogspot.com/ National Registry of Historic Sites and Structures in the Philippines]
*[http://nhcp.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=133&amp;Itemid=4 Mga Palatuntunan sa Pagkabit ng mga Panandang Pangkasaysayan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731013306/http://nhcp.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=133&amp;Itemid=4 |date=2013-07-31 }}

{{Historical Markers of the Philippines|state=expanded}}
{{Philippine Registry of Cultural Property}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Historical markers}}


[[Kategorya:Mga gusali at estruktura sa Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Mga palatandang pook sa Pilipinas]]</text>
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    <title>Bagyo sa Pilipinas</title>
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      <text bytes="10667" sha1="03bgig4npwldgzoe8y1598ghh0byfhx" xml:space="preserve">[[Talaksan:Haiyan 2013-11-07 1345Z (alternate).png|thumb|Ang bagyong Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013]]
{{For|[[Bagyo]]|Talaan ng mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}

Ang mga bagyo sa Pilipinas natural lamang na tumama sa mga bansang napapaligiran nang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], nagsisimula ito sa mga buwan maaga pa [[Mayo]] at kalimitan na nag tatapos sa mga buwan nang [[Disyembre]] sa kasalukuyan lumalakas pa ang mga ito sa buwan nang [[Hulyo]] hanggang [[Nobyembre]]. Nabubuo ang mga bagyo sa madalas sa karagatang pasipiko at dinaraan nang mga ito ang mga bansang [[Taiwan]], [[Tsina]], [[Timog Korea]], [[Japan]], [[Pilipinas]], Carolina Isla at [[Vietnam]], lumalakas rin ang mga ito dahil sa [[Habagat]] na nang gagaling sa mga bansang [[Indonesia]] at [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://mcgillgis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=586f9150ae87491a8c7f1b86db7952a9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga bagyo ==
{{For|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026]]|Bagyo}}
[[Talaksan:Tropical Storm Ketsana September 26, 2009.jpg|thumb|Ang bagyong Ondoy noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009]]
Ang [[Super Bagyong Yolanda]] ay isa sa mga hindi makakaligtaang bagyo sa kasaysayan nang Pilipinas dahil nagdulot ito nang malawakang pagkasira sa buong [[Bisayas]] kasama na rito ang ilang probinsya sa [[Luzon]], Nanalasa si Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013 sa [[Silangang Samar]] at [[Leyte]], maituturing ring si Yolanda na isang delubyo, isa na rin rito si [[Super Bagyong Lawin]] na nagpadapa sa mga ilang lugar sa [[Isabela]], [[Cagayan]] at Rehiyon ng Ilokos, Si [[Bagyong Ondoy]] na nag palubog sa ilang bahagi ng Luzon at Kamaynilaan noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009, Matinding pinuruhan nito ang mga [[Rizal]], [[Marikina]], [[Pasig]] at ilan pang mga bahagi nang Maynila dahil sa pag taas at pag apaw nang tubig ulan na dala ni Ondoy, Ang [[Bagyong Sendong]] na nagpalubog sa [[Hilagang Mindanao]] at [[Gitnang Bisayas]].&lt;ref&gt;https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-floods-and-typhoons-2020-typhoon-goni-operation-update-report-n&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang &quot;Bagyong Nonoy&quot; (Kulap) noong 2011 ay inialis nang PAGASA at ginamit ito sa Panahon ng bagyo ng 2015 sa karagatang Pasipiko. Ipinangalan sa &quot;[[Bagyong Nona]]&quot; (Melor)., Na isa sa mga mababagsik na bagyong dumaan sa Pilipinas at ang matinding napuruhan nito ay [[Sorsogon]] at [[Oriental Mindoro]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/philippines-braces-for-more-typhoons-next-month/2050447&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ndtv.com/topic/philippines-typhoon&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pilipinas ==
{{Main|Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
&lt;br&gt;Ang mga pangalang naka pa-loob sa kahong may kulay ay ang mga bagong inihanay na mga pangalan ng [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko, at Astronomiko|PAGASA]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Tala ng mga pangalan ng bagyo sa Pilipinas
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgrey;&quot;| [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026|2026]] (Pangkat I)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| Ada || Basyang || Caloy || Domeng || Ester || Francisco || Gardo || Henry || Inday || Josie || Kiyapo || Luis || Maymay
|-
| Neneng || Obet || Pilandok || Queenie || Rosal || Samuel || {{grey|Tomas}} || {{tcname unused|Umberto}} || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || {{tcname unused|Waldo}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Agila}} ||{{tcname unused|Bagwis}} ||{{tcname unused|Chito}} ||{{tcname unused|Diego}} ||{{tcname unused|Elena}} ||{{tcname unused|Felino}} ||{{tcname unused|Gunding}} ||{{tcname unused|Harriet}} ||{{tcname unused|Indang}} ||{{tcname unused|Jessa}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:skyblue;&quot;| 2027 (Pangkat II)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
|| {{grey|Amang}} || {{grey|Betty}} || {{grey|Chedeng}} || {{grey|Dodong}} || {{tcname unused|Emil}} || {{grey|Falcon}} || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || {{grey|Hanna}} || {{grey|Ineng}} || {{grey|Jenny}} || {{grey|Kabayan}} || {{grey|Liwayway}} || {{grey|Marilyn}}
|-
| {{grey|Nimfa}} || {{grey|Onyok}} || {{grey|Perla}} || {{grey|Quiel}} || {{grey|Ramon}} ||  {{grey|Sarah}} || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}} ||  {{tcname unused|Ugong}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Abe}} ||{{tcname unused|Berto}} ||{{tcname unused|Charo}} ||{{tcname unused|Dado}} ||{{tcname unused|Estoy}} ||{{tcname unused|Felion}} ||{{tcname unused|Gening}} ||{{tcname unused|Herman}} ||{{tcname unused|Irma}} ||{{tcname unused|Jaime}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;| 2028 (Pangkat III)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || {{grey|Butchoy}} || {{grey|Carina}} || {{grey|Dindo}} || {{grey|Edring}} || {{grey|Ferdie}} || {{grey|Gener}} || {{grey|Helen}} || {{grey|Igme}} || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || {{grey|Marce}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nanolay}} || {{tcname unused|Onos}} || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || {{grey|Querubin}} || {{grey|Romina}} || {{grey|Siony}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || {{tcname unused|Upang}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || {{tcname unused|Warren}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alakdan}} || {{tcname unused|Baldo}} || {{tcname unused|Clara}} || {{tcname unused|Dencio}} || {{tcname unused|Estong}}
| {{tcname unused|Felipe}} || {{tcname unused|Gomer}} || {{tcname unused|Heling}} || {{tcname unused|Ismael}} || {{tcname unused|Julio}} 
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;| 2029 (Pangkat IV)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{grey|Auring}} || {{grey|Bising}} || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || {{grey|Dante}} || {{tcname unused|Elias}} || {{grey|Fabian}} || {{grey|Gorio}} || {{grey|Huaning}} || {{grey|Isang}} || {{grey|Jacinto}} || {{grey|Kiko}} || {{grey|Lannie}} || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || {{tcname unused|Omar}} || {{grey|Paolo}} || {{grey|Quedan}} || {{grey|Ramil}} || {{grey|Salome}} || {{tcname unused|Tala}} || {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || {{grey|Verbena}}
|| {{grey|Wilma}} || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alamid}} ||{{tcname unused|Bruno}} ||{{tcname unused|Conching}} ||{{tcname unused|Dolor}} ||{{tcname unused|Ernie}} ||{{tcname unused|Florante}} ||{{tcname unused|Gerardo}} ||{{tcname unused|Hernan}} ||{{tcname unused|Isko}} ||{{tcname unused|Jerome}} || || ||
|}

===Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan===
; Mga hindi nagamit na pangalan
{{div col start}}
* {{tcname unused|Paloma}} 
* {{tcname unused|Quadro}} 
* {{tcname unused|Rapido}} 
* {{tcname unused|Roleta}} 
* {{tcname unused|Sibak}} 
* {{tcname unused|Sibasib}} 
* {{tcname unused|Tagbanwa}} 
* {{tcname unused|Talahib}} 
* {{tcname unused|Ubbeng}} 
* {{tcname unused|Wisik}} 
* {{tcname unused|Yaning}} 
* {{tcname unused|Zuma}}
{{div col end}}

==Mga bagyo na mapaminsala==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango'''
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Rehiyon'''
|'''PHP'''
|'''USD'''
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|1 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || Kabuuang Kabisayaan || 95.5 bilyon || $ 2.02 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|2 || Odette (Rai) || 2021 || Kabisayaan, Caraga || 51.8 bilyon || $ 1.2 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|3 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || Rehiyon ng Dabaw || 43.2 bilyon || $ 1.06 bilyon 
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:violet;&quot;|4 || Glenda (Rammasun) || 2014 || Bikol, Calabarzon, K. Maynila || 38.6 bilyon || $ 771 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|5 || Ompong (Mangkhut) || 2018|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan, Ilokos || 33.9 bilyon || $ 627 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|6 || Pepeng (Parma) || 2009 || 27.3 bilyon || $ 581 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|7 || Ulysses (Vamco) || 2020 || Calabarzon, Gitnang Luzon || 20.2 bilyon || $ 418 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|8 || Rolly (Goni) || 2020 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 20 bilyon || $ 369 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;|9 || Kristine (Trami) || 2024 || Hilagang, Luzon, Timog Luzon || 17.6 bilyon || $ 357 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;|10 || Paeng (Nalgae) || 2022 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 17.5 bilyon || $ 265 milyon
|}

== Mga bagyo na maraming nasawi ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango''' 
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Naitalang patay'''
|-
| 1 || '''Haiphong''' || 1881 || 20, 000 
|-
| 2 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || 6, 300
|-
| 3 || Uring (Thelma) || 1991 || 5, 100
|-
| 4 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || 1, 901
|-
| 5 || Angela || 1867 || 1, 800
|-
| 6 || Winnie (2004) || 2004 || 1, 619
|-
| 7 || &quot;Oktubre 1897 Bagyo&quot; || 1897 || 1, 500
|-
| 8 || Nitang (Ike) || 1984 || 1, 363
|-
| 9 || Sendong (Washi) || 2011 || 1, 268
|-
| 10 || Trix || 1952 || 955
|}

===Mga pangalang isasalang sa bawat taon===
{{See|Pagpapangalan sa bagyo}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Letra
! Total
! Pangalan
! Mga taon
|-
| A || 1 || {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || ''2028''
|-
| B || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| C || 1 || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || ''2029''
|-
| D || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| E || 2 || {{tcname unused|Edring}}, {{tcname unused|Emil}}, {{tcname unused|Elias}} || ''2028'', ''2027'', ''2029''
|-
| F || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| G || 1 || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || ''2027''
|-
| H || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| I || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| J || 1 || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || ''2028''
|-
| K || 1 || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || ''2028''
|-
| L || 1 || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || ''2028''
|-
| M || 1 || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}} || ''2029''
|-
| N || 2 || {{tcname unused|Nanolay}}, {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| O || 2 || {{tcname unused|Onos}}, {{tcname unused|Omar}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| P || 1 || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || ''2028''
|-
| Q || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| R || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| S || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| T || 2 || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}}, {{tcname unused|Tala}} || ''2023'', ''2029''
|-
| U || 3 || {{tcname unused|Ugong}}, {{tcname unused|Umberto}}, {{tcname unused|Upang}}, {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || ''2023'', ''2022'', ''2024'', ''2029''
|-
| V || 1 || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || ''2026''
|-
| W || 2 || {{tcname unused|Waldo}}, {{tcname unused|Warren}} || ''2026'', ''2028''
|-
| Y || 1 || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || ''2025''
|-
| Z || 1 || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} || ''2026''
|}

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{Mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
[[Kategorya:Bagyo sa Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Panahon]]
{{Usbong|Panahon|Kalikasan}}</text>
      <sha1>03bgig4npwldgzoe8y1598ghh0byfhx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241134</id>
      <parentid>2241104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:10:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan */</comment>
      <origin>2241134</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11005" sha1="rcrnom48d11nl144aiodwhnkjpglvur" xml:space="preserve">[[Talaksan:Haiyan 2013-11-07 1345Z (alternate).png|thumb|Ang bagyong Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013]]
{{For|[[Bagyo]]|Talaan ng mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}

Ang mga bagyo sa Pilipinas natural lamang na tumama sa mga bansang napapaligiran nang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], nagsisimula ito sa mga buwan maaga pa [[Mayo]] at kalimitan na nag tatapos sa mga buwan nang [[Disyembre]] sa kasalukuyan lumalakas pa ang mga ito sa buwan nang [[Hulyo]] hanggang [[Nobyembre]]. Nabubuo ang mga bagyo sa madalas sa karagatang pasipiko at dinaraan nang mga ito ang mga bansang [[Taiwan]], [[Tsina]], [[Timog Korea]], [[Japan]], [[Pilipinas]], Carolina Isla at [[Vietnam]], lumalakas rin ang mga ito dahil sa [[Habagat]] na nang gagaling sa mga bansang [[Indonesia]] at [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://mcgillgis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=586f9150ae87491a8c7f1b86db7952a9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga bagyo ==
{{For|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026]]|Bagyo}}
[[Talaksan:Tropical Storm Ketsana September 26, 2009.jpg|thumb|Ang bagyong Ondoy noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009]]
Ang [[Super Bagyong Yolanda]] ay isa sa mga hindi makakaligtaang bagyo sa kasaysayan nang Pilipinas dahil nagdulot ito nang malawakang pagkasira sa buong [[Bisayas]] kasama na rito ang ilang probinsya sa [[Luzon]], Nanalasa si Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013 sa [[Silangang Samar]] at [[Leyte]], maituturing ring si Yolanda na isang delubyo, isa na rin rito si [[Super Bagyong Lawin]] na nagpadapa sa mga ilang lugar sa [[Isabela]], [[Cagayan]] at Rehiyon ng Ilokos, Si [[Bagyong Ondoy]] na nag palubog sa ilang bahagi ng Luzon at Kamaynilaan noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009, Matinding pinuruhan nito ang mga [[Rizal]], [[Marikina]], [[Pasig]] at ilan pang mga bahagi nang Maynila dahil sa pag taas at pag apaw nang tubig ulan na dala ni Ondoy, Ang [[Bagyong Sendong]] na nagpalubog sa [[Hilagang Mindanao]] at [[Gitnang Bisayas]].&lt;ref&gt;https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-floods-and-typhoons-2020-typhoon-goni-operation-update-report-n&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang &quot;Bagyong Nonoy&quot; (Kulap) noong 2011 ay inialis nang PAGASA at ginamit ito sa Panahon ng bagyo ng 2015 sa karagatang Pasipiko. Ipinangalan sa &quot;[[Bagyong Nona]]&quot; (Melor)., Na isa sa mga mababagsik na bagyong dumaan sa Pilipinas at ang matinding napuruhan nito ay [[Sorsogon]] at [[Oriental Mindoro]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/philippines-braces-for-more-typhoons-next-month/2050447&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ndtv.com/topic/philippines-typhoon&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pilipinas ==
{{Main|Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
&lt;br&gt;Ang mga pangalang naka pa-loob sa kahong may kulay ay ang mga bagong inihanay na mga pangalan ng [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko, at Astronomiko|PAGASA]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Tala ng mga pangalan ng bagyo sa Pilipinas
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgrey;&quot;| [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026|2026]] (Pangkat I)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| Ada || Basyang || Caloy || Domeng || Ester || Francisco || Gardo || Henry || Inday || Josie || Kiyapo || Luis || Maymay
|-
| Neneng || Obet || Pilandok || Queenie || Rosal || Samuel || {{grey|Tomas}} || {{tcname unused|Umberto}} || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || {{tcname unused|Waldo}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Agila}} ||{{tcname unused|Bagwis}} ||{{tcname unused|Chito}} ||{{tcname unused|Diego}} ||{{tcname unused|Elena}} ||{{tcname unused|Felino}} ||{{tcname unused|Gunding}} ||{{tcname unused|Harriet}} ||{{tcname unused|Indang}} ||{{tcname unused|Jessa}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:skyblue;&quot;| 2027 (Pangkat II)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
|| {{grey|Amang}} || {{grey|Betty}} || {{grey|Chedeng}} || {{grey|Dodong}} || {{tcname unused|Emil}} || {{grey|Falcon}} || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || {{grey|Hanna}} || {{grey|Ineng}} || {{grey|Jenny}} || {{grey|Kabayan}} || {{grey|Liwayway}} || {{grey|Marilyn}}
|-
| {{grey|Nimfa}} || {{grey|Onyok}} || {{grey|Perla}} || {{grey|Quiel}} || {{grey|Ramon}} ||  {{grey|Sarah}} || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}} ||  {{tcname unused|Ugong}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Abe}} ||{{tcname unused|Berto}} ||{{tcname unused|Charo}} ||{{tcname unused|Dado}} ||{{tcname unused|Estoy}} ||{{tcname unused|Felion}} ||{{tcname unused|Gening}} ||{{tcname unused|Herman}} ||{{tcname unused|Irma}} ||{{tcname unused|Jaime}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;| 2028 (Pangkat III)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || {{grey|Butchoy}} || {{grey|Carina}} || {{grey|Dindo}} || {{grey|Edring}} || {{grey|Ferdie}} || {{grey|Gener}} || {{grey|Helen}} || {{grey|Igme}} || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || {{grey|Marce}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nanolay}} || {{tcname unused|Onos}} || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || {{grey|Querubin}} || {{grey|Romina}} || {{grey|Siony}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || {{tcname unused|Upang}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || {{tcname unused|Warren}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alakdan}} || {{tcname unused|Baldo}} || {{tcname unused|Clara}} || {{tcname unused|Dencio}} || {{tcname unused|Estong}}
| {{tcname unused|Felipe}} || {{tcname unused|Gomer}} || {{tcname unused|Heling}} || {{tcname unused|Ismael}} || {{tcname unused|Julio}} 
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;| 2029 (Pangkat IV)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{grey|Auring}} || {{grey|Bising}} || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || {{grey|Dante}} || {{tcname unused|Elias}} || {{grey|Fabian}} || {{grey|Gorio}} || {{grey|Huaning}} || {{grey|Isang}} || {{grey|Jacinto}} || {{grey|Kiko}} || {{grey|Lannie}} || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || {{tcname unused|Omar}} || {{grey|Paolo}} || {{grey|Quedan}} || {{grey|Ramil}} || {{grey|Salome}} || {{tcname unused|Tala}} || {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || {{grey|Verbena}}
|| {{grey|Wilma}} || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alamid}} ||{{tcname unused|Bruno}} ||{{tcname unused|Conching}} ||{{tcname unused|Dolor}} ||{{tcname unused|Ernie}} ||{{tcname unused|Florante}} ||{{tcname unused|Gerardo}} ||{{tcname unused|Hernan}} ||{{tcname unused|Isko}} ||{{tcname unused|Jerome}} || || ||
|}

===Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan===
; Mga hindi nagamit na pangalan
{{div col start}}
* {{tcname unused|Paloma}} - Paeng
* {{tcname unused|Quadro}} - [[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]
* {{tcname unused|Rapido}} - Reming
* {{tcname unused|Roleta}} - [[Bagyong Rolly|Rolly]]
* {{tcname unused|Sibak}}  - [[Bagyong Santi (paglilinaw)|Santi]]
* {{tcname unused|Sibasib}} - [[Bagyong Seniang (paglilinaw)|Seniang]]
* {{tcname unused|Tagbanwa}} - [[Bagyong Tomas|Tomas]]
* {{tcname unused|Talahib}} - [[Bagyong Tino (paglilinaw)|Tino]]
* {{tcname unused|Ubbeng}} - Undang, [[Bagyong Urduja (paglilinaw)|Urduja]]
* {{tcname unused|Wisik}} - {{tcname unused|Waldo}}
* {{tcname unused|Yaning}} - [[Bagyong Yolanda|Yolanda]]
* {{tcname unused|Zuma}} - {{tcname unused|Zeny}}
{{div col end}}

==Mga bagyo na mapaminsala==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango'''
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Rehiyon'''
|'''PHP'''
|'''USD'''
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|1 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || Kabuuang Kabisayaan || 95.5 bilyon || $ 2.02 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|2 || Odette (Rai) || 2021 || Kabisayaan, Caraga || 51.8 bilyon || $ 1.2 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|3 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || Rehiyon ng Dabaw || 43.2 bilyon || $ 1.06 bilyon 
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:violet;&quot;|4 || Glenda (Rammasun) || 2014 || Bikol, Calabarzon, K. Maynila || 38.6 bilyon || $ 771 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|5 || Ompong (Mangkhut) || 2018|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan, Ilokos || 33.9 bilyon || $ 627 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|6 || Pepeng (Parma) || 2009 || 27.3 bilyon || $ 581 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|7 || Ulysses (Vamco) || 2020 || Calabarzon, Gitnang Luzon || 20.2 bilyon || $ 418 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|8 || Rolly (Goni) || 2020 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 20 bilyon || $ 369 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;|9 || Kristine (Trami) || 2024 || Hilagang, Luzon, Timog Luzon || 17.6 bilyon || $ 357 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;|10 || Paeng (Nalgae) || 2022 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 17.5 bilyon || $ 265 milyon
|}

== Mga bagyo na maraming nasawi ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango''' 
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Naitalang patay'''
|-
| 1 || '''Haiphong''' || 1881 || 20, 000 
|-
| 2 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || 6, 300
|-
| 3 || Uring (Thelma) || 1991 || 5, 100
|-
| 4 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || 1, 901
|-
| 5 || Angela || 1867 || 1, 800
|-
| 6 || Winnie (2004) || 2004 || 1, 619
|-
| 7 || &quot;Oktubre 1897 Bagyo&quot; || 1897 || 1, 500
|-
| 8 || Nitang (Ike) || 1984 || 1, 363
|-
| 9 || Sendong (Washi) || 2011 || 1, 268
|-
| 10 || Trix || 1952 || 955
|}

===Mga pangalang isasalang sa bawat taon===
{{See|Pagpapangalan sa bagyo}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Letra
! Total
! Pangalan
! Mga taon
|-
| A || 1 || {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || ''2028''
|-
| B || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| C || 1 || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || ''2029''
|-
| D || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| E || 2 || {{tcname unused|Edring}}, {{tcname unused|Emil}}, {{tcname unused|Elias}} || ''2028'', ''2027'', ''2029''
|-
| F || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| G || 1 || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || ''2027''
|-
| H || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| I || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| J || 1 || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || ''2028''
|-
| K || 1 || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || ''2028''
|-
| L || 1 || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || ''2028''
|-
| M || 1 || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}} || ''2029''
|-
| N || 2 || {{tcname unused|Nanolay}}, {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| O || 2 || {{tcname unused|Onos}}, {{tcname unused|Omar}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| P || 1 || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || ''2028''
|-
| Q || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| R || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| S || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| T || 2 || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}}, {{tcname unused|Tala}} || ''2023'', ''2029''
|-
| U || 3 || {{tcname unused|Ugong}}, {{tcname unused|Umberto}}, {{tcname unused|Upang}}, {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || ''2023'', ''2022'', ''2024'', ''2029''
|-
| V || 1 || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || ''2026''
|-
| W || 2 || {{tcname unused|Waldo}}, {{tcname unused|Warren}} || ''2026'', ''2028''
|-
| Y || 1 || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || ''2025''
|-
| Z || 1 || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} || ''2026''
|}

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{Mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
[[Kategorya:Bagyo sa Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Panahon]]
{{Usbong|Panahon|Kalikasan}}</text>
      <sha1>rcrnom48d11nl144aiodwhnkjpglvur</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241146</id>
      <parentid>2241134</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:27:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan */</comment>
      <origin>2241146</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11005" sha1="lne2o8xf436ry14wj5xk5dn3k6pdars" xml:space="preserve">[[Talaksan:Haiyan 2013-11-07 1345Z (alternate).png|thumb|Ang bagyong Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013]]
{{For|[[Bagyo]]|Talaan ng mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}

Ang mga bagyo sa Pilipinas natural lamang na tumama sa mga bansang napapaligiran nang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], nagsisimula ito sa mga buwan maaga pa [[Mayo]] at kalimitan na nag tatapos sa mga buwan nang [[Disyembre]] sa kasalukuyan lumalakas pa ang mga ito sa buwan nang [[Hulyo]] hanggang [[Nobyembre]]. Nabubuo ang mga bagyo sa madalas sa karagatang pasipiko at dinaraan nang mga ito ang mga bansang [[Taiwan]], [[Tsina]], [[Timog Korea]], [[Japan]], [[Pilipinas]], Carolina Isla at [[Vietnam]], lumalakas rin ang mga ito dahil sa [[Habagat]] na nang gagaling sa mga bansang [[Indonesia]] at [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/about-tropical-cyclone&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://mcgillgis.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=586f9150ae87491a8c7f1b86db7952a9&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga bagyo ==
{{For|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026]]|Bagyo}}
[[Talaksan:Tropical Storm Ketsana September 26, 2009.jpg|thumb|Ang bagyong Ondoy noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009]]
Ang [[Super Bagyong Yolanda]] ay isa sa mga hindi makakaligtaang bagyo sa kasaysayan nang Pilipinas dahil nagdulot ito nang malawakang pagkasira sa buong [[Bisayas]] kasama na rito ang ilang probinsya sa [[Luzon]], Nanalasa si Yolanda noong ika Nobyembre 8, 2013 sa [[Silangang Samar]] at [[Leyte]], maituturing ring si Yolanda na isang delubyo, isa na rin rito si [[Super Bagyong Lawin]] na nagpadapa sa mga ilang lugar sa [[Isabela]], [[Cagayan]] at Rehiyon ng Ilokos, Si [[Bagyong Ondoy]] na nag palubog sa ilang bahagi ng Luzon at Kamaynilaan noong ika Setyembre 26, 2009, Matinding pinuruhan nito ang mga [[Rizal]], [[Marikina]], [[Pasig]] at ilan pang mga bahagi nang Maynila dahil sa pag taas at pag apaw nang tubig ulan na dala ni Ondoy, Ang [[Bagyong Sendong]] na nagpalubog sa [[Hilagang Mindanao]] at [[Gitnang Bisayas]].&lt;ref&gt;https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-floods-and-typhoons-2020-typhoon-goni-operation-update-report-n&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang &quot;Bagyong Nonoy&quot; (Kulap) noong 2011 ay inialis nang PAGASA at ginamit ito sa Panahon ng bagyo ng 2015 sa karagatang Pasipiko. Ipinangalan sa &quot;[[Bagyong Nona]]&quot; (Melor)., Na isa sa mga mababagsik na bagyong dumaan sa Pilipinas at ang matinding napuruhan nito ay [[Sorsogon]] at [[Oriental Mindoro]].&lt;ref&gt;https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/philippines-braces-for-more-typhoons-next-month/2050447&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.ndtv.com/topic/philippines-typhoon&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pilipinas ==
{{Main|Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
&lt;br&gt;Ang mga pangalang naka pa-loob sa kahong may kulay ay ang mga bagong inihanay na mga pangalan ng [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko, at Astronomiko|PAGASA]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Tala ng mga pangalan ng bagyo sa Pilipinas
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgrey;&quot;| [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026|2026]] (Pangkat I)
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| Ada || Basyang || Caloy || Domeng || Ester || Francisco || Gardo || Henry || Inday || Josie || Kiyapo || Luis || Maymay
|-
| Neneng || Obet || Pilandok || Queenie || Rosal || Samuel || {{grey|Tomas}} || {{tcname unused|Umberto}} || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || {{tcname unused|Waldo}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Agila}} ||{{tcname unused|Bagwis}} ||{{tcname unused|Chito}} ||{{tcname unused|Diego}} ||{{tcname unused|Elena}} ||{{tcname unused|Felino}} ||{{tcname unused|Gunding}} ||{{tcname unused|Harriet}} ||{{tcname unused|Indang}} ||{{tcname unused|Jessa}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:skyblue;&quot;| 2027 (Pangkat II)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
|| {{grey|Amang}} || {{grey|Betty}} || {{grey|Chedeng}} || {{grey|Dodong}} || {{tcname unused|Emil}} || {{grey|Falcon}} || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || {{grey|Hanna}} || {{grey|Ineng}} || {{grey|Jenny}} || {{grey|Kabayan}} || {{grey|Liwayway}} || {{grey|Marilyn}}
|-
| {{grey|Nimfa}} || {{grey|Onyok}} || {{grey|Perla}} || {{grey|Quiel}} || {{grey|Ramon}} ||  {{grey|Sarah}} || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}} ||  {{tcname unused|Ugong}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} ||
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
||{{tcname unused|Abe}} ||{{tcname unused|Berto}} ||{{tcname unused|Charo}} ||{{tcname unused|Dado}} ||{{tcname unused|Estoy}} ||{{tcname unused|Felion}} ||{{tcname unused|Gening}} ||{{tcname unused|Herman}} ||{{tcname unused|Irma}} ||{{tcname unused|Jaime}} || || ||
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;| 2028 (Pangkat III)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || {{grey|Butchoy}} || {{grey|Carina}} || {{grey|Dindo}} || {{grey|Edring}} || {{grey|Ferdie}} || {{grey|Gener}} || {{grey|Helen}} || {{grey|Igme}} || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || {{grey|Marce}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nanolay}} || {{tcname unused|Onos}} || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || {{grey|Querubin}} || {{grey|Romina}} || {{grey|Siony}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || {{tcname unused|Upang}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || {{tcname unused|Warren}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alakdan}} || {{tcname unused|Baldo}} || {{tcname unused|Clara}} || {{tcname unused|Dencio}} || {{tcname unused|Estong}}
| {{tcname unused|Felipe}} || {{tcname unused|Gomer}} || {{tcname unused|Heling}} || {{tcname unused|Ismael}} || {{tcname unused|Julio}} 
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; colspan=14 style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;| 2029 (Pangkat IV)
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=2 | Main
| {{grey|Auring}} || {{grey|Bising}} || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || {{grey|Dante}} || {{tcname unused|Elias}} || {{grey|Fabian}} || {{grey|Gorio}} || {{grey|Huaning}} || {{grey|Isang}} || {{grey|Jacinto}} || {{grey|Kiko}} || {{grey|Lannie}} || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}}
|-
| {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || {{tcname unused|Omar}} || {{grey|Paolo}} || {{grey|Quedan}} || {{grey|Ramil}} || {{grey|Salome}} || {{tcname unused|Tala}} || {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || {{grey|Verbena}}
|| {{grey|Wilma}} || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || 
|-
!scope=&quot;row&quot; | Auxiliary
|{{tcname unused|Alamid}} ||{{tcname unused|Bruno}} ||{{tcname unused|Conching}} ||{{tcname unused|Dolor}} ||{{tcname unused|Ernie}} ||{{tcname unused|Florante}} ||{{tcname unused|Gerardo}} ||{{tcname unused|Hernan}} ||{{tcname unused|Isko}} ||{{tcname unused|Jerome}} || || ||
|}

===Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan===
; Mga hindi nagamit na pangalan
{{div col start}}
* {{tcname unused|Paloma}} - Paeng
* {{tcname unused|Quadro}} - [[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]
* {{tcname unused|Rapido}} - Reming
* {{tcname unused|Roleta}} - [[Bagyong Ramil|Ramil]]
* {{tcname unused|Sibak}}  - [[Bagyong Santi (paglilinaw)|Santi]]
* {{tcname unused|Sibasib}} - [[Bagyong Seniang (paglilinaw)|Seniang]]
* {{tcname unused|Tagbanwa}} - [[Bagyong Tomas|Tomas]]
* {{tcname unused|Talahib}} - [[Bagyong Tino (paglilinaw)|Tino]]
* {{tcname unused|Ubbeng}} - Undang, [[Bagyong Urduja (paglilinaw)|Urduja]]
* {{tcname unused|Wisik}} - {{tcname unused|Waldo}}
* {{tcname unused|Yaning}} - [[Bagyong Yolanda|Yolanda]]
* {{tcname unused|Zuma}} - {{tcname unused|Zeny}}
{{div col end}}

==Mga bagyo na mapaminsala==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango'''
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Rehiyon'''
|'''PHP'''
|'''USD'''
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|1 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || Kabuuang Kabisayaan || 95.5 bilyon || $ 2.02 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|2 || Odette (Rai) || 2021 || Kabisayaan, Caraga || 51.8 bilyon || $ 1.2 bilyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:purple;&quot;|3 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || Rehiyon ng Dabaw || 43.2 bilyon || $ 1.06 bilyon 
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:violet;&quot;|4 || Glenda (Rammasun) || 2014 || Bikol, Calabarzon, K. Maynila || 38.6 bilyon || $ 771 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|5 || Ompong (Mangkhut) || 2018|| rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Rehiyon ng Lambak Cagayan, Ilokos || 33.9 bilyon || $ 627 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|6 || Pepeng (Parma) || 2009 || 27.3 bilyon || $ 581 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:orangered;&quot;|7 || Ulysses (Vamco) || 2020 || Calabarzon, Gitnang Luzon || 20.2 bilyon || $ 418 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:blueviolet;&quot;|8 || Rolly (Goni) || 2020 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 20 bilyon || $ 369 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightgreen;&quot;|9 || Kristine (Trami) || 2024 || Hilagang, Luzon, Timog Luzon || 17.6 bilyon || $ 357 milyon
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:lightyellow;&quot;|10 || Paeng (Nalgae) || 2022 || Rehiyon ng Bikol, Calabarzon || 17.5 bilyon || $ 265 milyon
|}

== Mga bagyo na maraming nasawi ==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=font:size:100%
|'''Rango''' 
|'''Bagyo'''
|'''Taon'''
|'''Naitalang patay'''
|-
| 1 || '''Haiphong''' || 1881 || 20, 000 
|-
| 2 || Yolanda (Haiyan) || 2013 || 6, 300
|-
| 3 || Uring (Thelma) || 1991 || 5, 100
|-
| 4 || Pablo (Bopha) || 2012 || 1, 901
|-
| 5 || Angela || 1867 || 1, 800
|-
| 6 || Winnie (2004) || 2004 || 1, 619
|-
| 7 || &quot;Oktubre 1897 Bagyo&quot; || 1897 || 1, 500
|-
| 8 || Nitang (Ike) || 1984 || 1, 363
|-
| 9 || Sendong (Washi) || 2011 || 1, 268
|-
| 10 || Trix || 1952 || 955
|}

===Mga pangalang isasalang sa bawat taon===
{{See|Pagpapangalan sa bagyo}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Letra
! Total
! Pangalan
! Mga taon
|-
| A || 1 || {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} || ''2028''
|-
| B || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| C || 1 || {{tcname unused|Chico}} || ''2029''
|-
| D || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| E || 2 || {{tcname unused|Edring}}, {{tcname unused|Emil}}, {{tcname unused|Elias}} || ''2028'', ''2027'', ''2029''
|-
| F || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| G || 1 || {{tcname unused|Gavino}} || ''2027''
|-
| H || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| I || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| J || 1 || {{tcname unused|Josefa}} || ''2028''
|-
| K || 1 || {{tcname unused|Kidul}} || ''2028''
|-
| L || 1 || {{tcname unused|Lekep}} || ''2028''
|-
| M || 1 || {{tcname unused|Magyawan}} || ''2029''
|-
| N || 2 || {{tcname unused|Nanolay}}, {{tcname unused|Nilad}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| O || 2 || {{tcname unused|Onos}}, {{tcname unused|Omar}} || ''2028'', ''2029''
|-
| P || 1 || {{tcname unused|Puwok}} || ''2028''
|-
| Q || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| R || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| S || 0 || --- || ---
|-
| T || 2 || {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}}, {{tcname unused|Tala}} || ''2023'', ''2029''
|-
| U || 3 || {{tcname unused|Ugong}}, {{tcname unused|Umberto}}, {{tcname unused|Upang}}, {{tcname unused|Urbano}} || ''2023'', ''2022'', ''2024'', ''2029''
|-
| V || 1 || {{tcname unused|Venus}} || ''2026''
|-
| W || 2 || {{tcname unused|Waldo}}, {{tcname unused|Warren}} || ''2026'', ''2028''
|-
| Y || 1 || {{tcname unused|Yasmin}} || ''2025''
|-
| Z || 1 || {{tcname unused|Zeny}} || ''2026''
|}

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

{{Mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
[[Kategorya:Bagyo sa Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Pilipinas]]
[[Kategorya:Panahon]]
{{Usbong|Panahon|Kalikasan}}</text>
      <sha1>lne2o8xf436ry14wj5xk5dn3k6pdars</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:IPA symbol/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>277703</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241095</id>
      <parentid>2231570</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:21:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241095</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="65543" sha1="itszhkv3c41wvwmkod7u7xrbs1f6hpq" xml:space="preserve">local data = {
	sounds = {},
	diacritics = {},
	univPatterns = {
		{
			pat = &quot;g&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter G
			rep = &quot;ɡ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵍ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small G
			rep = &quot;ᶢ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;l̴&quot;, -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
			rep = &quot;ɫ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ˁ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
			rep = &quot;ˤ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;’&quot;, -- Right Single Quotation Mark
			rep = &quot;ʼ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ı&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I
			rep = &quot;i&quot; -- Latin Small Letter I
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ȷ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
			rep = &quot;j&quot; -- Latin Small Letter J
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ʇ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
			rep = &quot;ǀ&quot; -- Latin Letter Dental Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;[!ʗ]&quot;, -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
			rep = &quot;ǃ&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;𝼋&quot;, -- 
			rep = &quot;ǂ&quot; -- 
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ψ&quot;, -- Greek Letter Psi
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;‼&quot;, -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;‼&quot;, -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ʖ&quot;, -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
			rep = &quot;ǁ&quot; -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ɋ&quot;, -- 
			rep = &quot;ʘ&quot; -- 
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ꞵ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Beta
			rep = &quot;β&quot; -- Greek Small Letter Beta
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;γ&quot;, -- Greek Small Letter Gamma
			rep = &quot;ɣ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Gamma
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;φ&quot;, -- Greek Small Letter Phi
			rep = &quot;ɸ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Phi
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ꭓ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Chi
			rep = &quot;χ&quot; -- Greek Small Letter Chi
		},
		
	},
	keyPatterns = {
		-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
		{
			pat = &quot;[͜͡ːˑ◌]&quot;, -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
			rep = &quot;&quot;
			
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵏ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small K
			rep = &quot;k&quot; -- Latin Small Letter K
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᶢ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
			rep = &quot;ɡ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵑ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
			rep = &quot;ŋ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Eng
		},
	}
}

local rawData = {
	sounds = {
		-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
		-- Nasals
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ̊&quot;, &quot;ɱ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ̊&quot;, &quot;ɱ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̼&quot;, &quot;m̺&quot;, &quot;m̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Linguolabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Voiceless dental nasal&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;n̪̊&quot; }
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳ̊&quot;, &quot;ɳ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠̊ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɲ̊˖&quot;, &quot;ɲ̟̊&quot;, &quot;ȵ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɲ˖&quot;, &quot;ɲ̟&quot;, &quot;ȵ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ̊&quot;, &quot;ɲ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ˗&quot;, &quot;ɲ̠&quot;, &quot;ɲ᫢&quot;, &quot;ŋ˖&quot;, &quot;ŋ᫈&quot;, &quot;ŋ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal nasal&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋ̊&quot;, &quot;ŋ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar nasal.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ̟&quot;, &quot;ŋ˗&quot;, &quot;ŋ᫢&quot;, &quot;ŋ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ̥&quot;, &quot;ɴ̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Plosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labiodental plosive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̼&quot;, &quot;p̺&quot;, &quot;p̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̼&quot;, &quot;b̺&quot;, &quot;b̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex stop.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex stop.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;c̟&quot;, &quot;ȶ&quot; },
            audio = &quot;IPA sound - ȶ.ogg&quot;
		},
        {		
	        name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive&quot;,	
	        symbols = { &quot;d̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɟ˖&quot;, &quot;ɟ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɟ̟&quot;, &quot;ȡ&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive.ogg&quot;	
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c̠&quot;, &quot;k̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal plosive&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟ᫢&quot;, &quot;ɟ̠&quot;, &quot;ɡ˖&quot;, &quot;ɡ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɡ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal plosive&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;k&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q˖&quot;, &quot;q᫈&quot;, &quot;q̟&quot;, &quot;k̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ̟&quot;, &quot;ɡ˗&quot;, &quot;ɡ᫢&quot;, &quot;ɡ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular stop.oga&quot;
		},
	    { 
            name = &quot;Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ꞯ&quot;, &quot;q˗&quot;, &quot;q᫢&quot;, &quot;ʡ̟̥&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg&quot;
        },
        {
            name = &quot;Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;𝼂&quot;, &quot;ɢ̠&quot;, &quot;ʡ̟̬&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Epiglottal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Epiglottal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottal stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Glottal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;pɸ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;bβ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial affricate.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʙ̥&quot;, &quot;tʙ̥&quot;, &quot;tʙ̥ʰ&quot;, &quot;pʙ̥&quot;, &quot;pʙ̥ʰ&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʙ&quot;, &quot;tʙ&quot;, &quot;d̪ʙ&quot;, &quot;dʙ&quot;, &quot;pʙ&quot;, &quot;bʙ&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪f&quot;, &quot;pf&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b̪v&quot;, &quot;bv&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪s̪&quot;, &quot;ts̪&quot;, &quot;t̟s̟&quot;, &quot;ts̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪z̪&quot;, &quot;dz̪&quot;, &quot;d̟z̟&quot;, &quot;dz̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪θ&quot;, &quot;t̟θ&quot;, &quot;tθ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪ð&quot;, &quot;d̟ð&quot;, &quot;dð&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ts&quot;, &quot;ʦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dz&quot;, &quot;ʣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̺s̺&quot;, &quot;ts̺&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠&quot;, &quot;ts̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced apico-alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̺z̺&quot;, &quot;dz̺&quot;, &quot;d̠z̠&quot;, &quot;dz̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɹ̝̊&quot;, &quot;tɹ̥&quot;, &quot;tθ̠&quot;, &quot;tθ͇&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dɹ̝&quot;, &quot;dɹ&quot;, &quot;dð̠&quot;, &quot;dð͇&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʃ&quot;, &quot;tʃ&quot;, &quot;ʧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠ʒ&quot;, &quot;dʒ&quot;, &quot;ʤ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɹ̝̊˗&quot;, &quot;t̠ɹ̝̊˗&quot;, &quot;t̠ɹ̠̊&quot;, &quot;tɹ̠̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠ɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̠᷵&quot;, &quot;dɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;dɹ̝˗&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̝˗&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̠&quot;, &quot;dɹ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʂ&quot;, &quot;tʂ&quot;, &quot;ꭧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖʐ&quot;, &quot;dʐ&quot;, &quot;ꭦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
    	{
            name = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;dɻ˔&quot;, &quot;ɖɻ᷵&quot;, &quot;d̠ɻ̝&quot;, &quot;ɖɻ˔&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɕ&quot;, &quot;cɕ&quot;, &quot;t̠ʃʲ&quot;, &quot;tʃʲ&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʨ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dʑ&quot;, &quot;ɟʑ&quot;, &quot;d̠ʒʲ&quot;, &quot;dʒʲ&quot;, &quot;d̠z̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cç&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟʝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c̠ç˗&quot;, &quot;cç˗&quot;, &quot;c̠ç̠&quot;, &quot;cç̠&quot;, &quot;k̟x̟&quot;, &quot;kx̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal affricate&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kx&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡɣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q˖χ˖&quot;, &quot;qχ˖&quot;, &quot;q̟χ̟&quot;, &quot;qχ̟&quot;, &quot;k̠x̠&quot;, &quot;kx̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qχ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢʁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡħ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡʜ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡʢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless glottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔh&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɸ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;β&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;f&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;v&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ̼&quot;, &quot;ɸ̺&quot;, &quot;f̼&quot;, &quot;ɸ̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̼&quot;, &quot;β̺&quot;, &quot;v̼&quot;, &quot;β̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̻̪&quot;, &quot;s̪̻&quot;, &quot;s̻͆&quot;, &quot;s̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̺&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced apico-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̺&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar retracted fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ̠&quot;, &quot;θ͇&quot;, &quot;t̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̠&quot;, &quot;ð͇&quot;, &quot;d̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̞̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar tapped fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̞&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʒ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝̊˗&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;ɹ̠᷵&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝˗&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʂ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʐ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̝̊&quot;, &quot;ɻ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ʈ̞&quot;, &quot;ʈ˕&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̝&quot;, &quot;ɻ˔&quot;, &quot;ɻ᷵&quot;, &quot;ɖ̞&quot;, &quot;ɖ˕&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɕ&quot;, &quot;ʃʲ&quot;, &quot;s̠ʲ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʑ&quot;, &quot;ʒʲ&quot;, &quot;z̠ʲ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ç&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ç˗&quot;, &quot;ç̠&quot;, &quot;ç᫢&quot;, &quot;x̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal fricative&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʝ᫢&quot;, &quot;ʝ̠&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɣ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal fricative&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;x&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χ˖&quot;, &quot;χ̟&quot;, &quot;x̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ̟&quot;, &quot;ɣ˗&quot;, &quot;ɣ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ħ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʕ&quot;, &quot;ʕ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless glottal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced glottal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced glottal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bidental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h̪͆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dentolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;f͆&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;β̞&quot;, &quot;ʋ̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
	        name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ʋ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʋ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̪&quot; },
		},
	    {
		   name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar approximant&quot;,
           symbols = { &quot;ɹ̥&quot; },
           audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced laminal alveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̞&quot;, &quot;ð̠˕&quot;, &quot;ɹ̻&quot; },
		},
	    {
		   name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar approximant&quot;,
           symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠̊&quot; },
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Postalveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex Approximant2.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j̊&quot;, &quot;ç˕&quot;, &quot;ç̞&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal approximant.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j&quot;, &quot;ʝ˕&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j᫢&quot;, &quot;j̠&quot;, &quot;j˗&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞˗&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞᫢&quot;, &quot;ɰ̈&quot;, &quot;ɰ̟&quot;, &quot;ɰ˖&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞˖&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞᫈&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal approximant&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Post-palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Protruded post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;j˗ʷ&quot;, &quot;j᫢ʷ&quot;, &quot;j̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɥ̫̈&quot;, &quot;ẅ&quot;, &quot;w̟&quot; },
	    	audio = &quot;Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg&quot;,
	    	article = &quot;Protruded post-palatal approximant&quot;
	    },
	    {
            name = &quot;Compressed post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɥ̈&quot;, &quot;ɥ˗&quot;, &quot;ɥ᫢&quot;, &quot;j̈ᵝ&quot;, &quot;j˗ᵝ&quot;, &quot;j᫢ᵝ&quot; },
	    	article = &quot;Compressed post-palatal approximant&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɰ&quot;, &quot;ɣ˕&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
			{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar bunched approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̈ &quot;},
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʕ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʢ̞&quot;, &quot;ʕ̞˗&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Creaky-voiced glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔ̬&quot;, &quot;ʔ̞&quot;, &quot;ʔ̰&quot;, &quot;˷&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Creaky-voiced glottal approximant.wav&quot;
		},
		-- Taps/flaps
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⱱ̟&quot;, &quot;b̆&quot;, &quot;w̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⱱ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental flap.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
		    name = &quot;Voiceless dental tap or flap&quot;,
		    symbols = { &quot;ɾ̪̊&quot; },
		    article = &quot;Voiceless dental tap&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̪&quot; },
			article = &quot;Dental tap&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̥&quot;, &quot;t̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ&quot;, &quot;d̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar tap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̃&quot;, &quot;n̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Alveolar nasal tap&quot;,
		},
		{
		    name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̊&quot;, &quot;ʈ̆&quot; },
            --audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ&quot;, &quot;ɖ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex flap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex nasal flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̃&quot;, &quot;ɳ̆&quot; },
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiced velar tap&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɡ̆&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced velar tap.wav&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ̆&quot;, &quot;ʀ̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiced uvular tap and flap&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal tap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡ̆&quot;, &quot;ʡ̮&quot;, &quot;ʢ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Epiglottal flap.oga&quot;
		},
		-- Trills
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial trill.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labiolingual trill&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;r̼̊&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺̊&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼̊&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiolingual trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̼&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial trill.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̪̊&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̝̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̠̊&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̊r̥&quot;, &quot;ɽr̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽr&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝̊˖&quot;, &quot;ʀ̟̊˔&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝˖&quot;, &quot;ʀ̟˔&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative trill.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʜ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dɮ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ʈɭ̊&quot;, &quot;tɭ̊&quot;, &quot;ʈꞎ&quot;, &quot;tꞎ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖɭ˔&quot;, &quot;dɭ˔&quot;, &quot;ɖɭ&quot;, &quot;dɭ&quot;, &quot;ɖ𝼅&quot;, &quot;d𝼅&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʎ̝̊&quot;, &quot;cʎ̥&quot;, &quot;c𝼆&quot;, &quot;t𝼆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟʎ̝&quot;, &quot;ɟʎ&quot;, &quot;ɟ𝼆̬&quot;, &quot;d𝼆̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
	    { 
		    name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
		    symbols = { &quot;c𝼆˗&quot; },
		    article = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate&quot;
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʟ̝̊&quot;, &quot;kʟ̥&quot;, &quot;k𝼄&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡʟ̝&quot;, &quot;ɡʟ&quot;, &quot;ɡ𝼄̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɮ̪&quot;, &quot;ɮ͆&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɮ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɬ̠&quot; }
        },
        {
            name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɮ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ꞎ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ˔&quot;, &quot;𝼅&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̝̊˖&quot;, &quot;ȴ̊˔&quot;, &quot;l̠̊ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̟̊&quot;, &quot;ȴ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝̊&quot;, &quot;𝼆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝&quot;, &quot;𝼆̬&quot; },
            audio = &quot;ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus&quot;
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;𝼆̠&quot; },
        },
	    {
	        name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝˗&quot;, &quot;ʟ̟᷵&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative&quot;
	    },
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̝̊&quot;, &quot;𝼄&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̝&quot;, &quot;𝼄̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɭ̊&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̟&quot;, &quot;ȴ&quot; },
		},
	    {
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̥&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̥&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral taps/flaps
		{
            name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial lateral flap&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɺ̼&quot; }
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̪&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ&quot;, &quot;l̆&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̥̆&quot;, &quot;𝼈̊&quot;, &quot;𝼈̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̆&quot;, &quot;𝼈&quot;, &quot;𝼈 (ɺ̢)&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̆&quot;, &quot;ʎ̮&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral tap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral tap.wav&quot;
		},
		-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
		-- Ejective stops
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;pʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Ejective affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Labiodental ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪fʼ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪θʼ&quot;, &quot;t̟θʼ&quot;, &quot;tθʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tsʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Postalveolar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʃʼ&quot;, &quot;tʃʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʂʼ&quot;, &quot;tʂʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ɕʼ&quot;, &quot;tɕʼ&quot;, &quot;t̠ʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;tʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠ʲʼ&quot;, &quot;cɕʼ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cçʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kxʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qχʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Ejective fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɸʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labiodental ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;fʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;sʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Postalveolar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʃʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʂʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɕʼ&quot; , &quot;ʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;s̠ʲʼ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;çʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;xʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral ejective affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɬʼ&quot;, &quot;ƛʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʎ̝̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;cʎ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;c𝼆ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʟ̝̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;kʟ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;k𝼄ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q𝼄ʼ&quot;, &quot;q𝼄̠ʼ&quot;, &quot;qʟ̝̊ʼ&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral ejective fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
	    -- Ejective trills
		{
			name = &quot;Ejective trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̼̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̪̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̠̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ɽr̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʀ᫊̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʀ̥ʼ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ejective consonant&quot;
		},
		-- Tenuis clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ&quot;, &quot;kʘ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Clic bilabial sourd.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis dental click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ&quot;, &quot;kǀ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ&quot;, &quot;kǃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Postalveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis palatal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ&quot;, &quot;kǂ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatoalveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis retroflex click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊&quot;, &quot;k𝼊&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Retrflx click.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Back-released click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʞ&quot; },
		},
		-- Voiced clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡʘ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǃ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǂ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̬&quot;, &quot;ɡ𝼊&quot; },
		},
		-- Nasal clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋʘ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʘ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǀ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǀʱ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǃ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǂ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǂ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̃&quot;, &quot;ŋ𝼊&quot;, &quot;ⁿ𝼊&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis alveolar lateral click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ&quot;, &quot;kǁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǁ&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral nasal clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǁ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǁ&quot; },
		},
		-- Glottalized clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized bilabial nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ʘˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ʘˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋʘˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized dental nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǀˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǀˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǀˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized alveolar nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǃˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǃˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǃˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized retroflex nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;𝼊ˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ𝼊ˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊𝼊ˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized palatal nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǂˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǂˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǂˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǁˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǁˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǁˀ&quot; },
		},
		-- Egressive clicks (for Damin)
		{
			name = &quot;Egressive bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ↑&quot; },
		},
		-- Implosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɓ̥&quot;, &quot;ƥ&quot;, &quot;pʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɓ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̪̥&quot;, &quot;ɗ̪̊&quot;, &quot;ƭ̪&quot;, &quot;t̪ʼ↓&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̥&quot;, &quot;ƭ&quot;, &quot;tʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶑ̊&quot;, &quot;ᶑ̥&quot;, &quot;𝼉&quot;, &quot;ʈʼ↓&quot; }, 
			
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶑ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ̊&quot;, &quot;ʄ̥&quot;, &quot;ƈ&quot;, &quot;cʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ̠&quot;, &quot;ʄ˗&quot;, &quot;ɠ̟&quot;, &quot;ɠ˖&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced post palatal and pre velar implosives.ogg&quot;,
            article = &quot;Voiced pre-velar implosive&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ̊&quot;, &quot;ƙ&quot;, &quot;kʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʛ̥&quot;, &quot;ʠ&quot;, &quot;qʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʛ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
		-- Co-articulated nasals
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;nm&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳm&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋm&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated plosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;db&quot; },
		},
	    {
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈp&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖb&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡb&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qʡ&quot; },
		},
		-- Co-articulated implosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ̊ɓ̥&quot;, &quot;kɓ̥&quot;, &quot;ƙƥ&quot;, &quot;kpʼ↓&quot;, &quot;kƥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠɓ&quot;, &quot;ɡɓ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated ejectives
		{
			name = &quot;Labial–alveolar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tpʼ&quot; },
		},
		-- Co-articulated continuants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ɥ̝̊&quot;, &quot;çᶣ&quot;, &quot;çᵝ&quot;, &quot;çʷ&quot; },
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labial–palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ̊&quot;, &quot;ç̞ᶣ&quot;, &quot;ç̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ç̞ʷ&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʍ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;w̥&quot;, &quot;ẘ&quot;, &quot;ʍ̞&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;w&quot;, &quot;ɰʷ&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛ʷ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;wᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɰᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛ᵝ&quot;},
			article = &quot;Voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Sj-sound&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated lateral approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɫ̪&quot;, &quot;l̪ˠ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɫ&quot;, &quot;lˠ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̪ˤ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;lˤ&quot; },
		},
		-- Nasalized approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j̃&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Nasal palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Nasalized voiced velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɰ̃&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞̃&quot;, &quot;ɣ̃˕&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Nasal velar approximant.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;w̃&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiceless glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h̃&quot; },
            audio = &quot;IPA h̃.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɦ̃&quot; },
		},
		-- VOWELS
		-- Close vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Close front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;i&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y͍&quot;, &quot;iᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y̫&quot;, &quot;yʷ&quot;, &quot;iʷ&quot;, &quot;y᫇&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front protruded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɨ&quot;, &quot;ï&quot;, &quot;ɯ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʉ&quot;, &quot;ü&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʉ̫&quot;, &quot;ʉʷ&quot;, &quot;ɨʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ÿ&quot;, &quot;ɨᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u̫&quot;, &quot;uʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u͍&quot;, &quot;ɯᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Ja-U.oga&quot;
		},
		-- Near-close vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̟&quot;, &quot;i̞&quot;, &quot;e̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̟&quot;, &quot;y̞&quot;, &quot;y˕&quot;, &quot;ø̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ&quot;, &quot;i̽&quot;, &quot;ï̞&quot;, &quot;ë̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ&quot;, &quot;y̽&quot;, &quot;ÿ̞&quot;, &quot;ÿ˕&quot;, &quot;ø̝̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ͍&quot;, &quot;ɪᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̫&quot;, &quot;ʏʷ&quot;, &quot;ɪʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̈&quot;, &quot;ɪ̠&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞&quot;, &quot;ɘ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̈&quot;, &quot;ʊ̟&quot;, &quot;ʉ̞&quot;, &quot;ɵ̝&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̫̈&quot;, &quot;ʉ̫˕&quot;, &quot;ʊ̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ʉ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɪ̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞ʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̈&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞ᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ̽&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ&quot;, &quot;u̽&quot;, &quot;ü̞&quot;, &quot;ö̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̫&quot;, &quot;ʊʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̽ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;u̫˕&quot;, &quot;u̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝ʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ͍&quot;, &quot;ɯ̽ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̈ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞ᵝ&quot; },
		},
        {
			name = &quot;Near-close back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ̞&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̠&quot;, &quot;u̞&quot;, &quot;o̝&quot; },
		},
		-- Close-mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø͍&quot;, &quot;eᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̫&quot;, &quot;øʷ&quot;, &quot;eʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̞&quot;, &quot;e̠&quot;, &quot;ɘ̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̞&quot;, &quot;ø̠&quot;, &quot;ɵ̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɘ&quot;, &quot;ë&quot;, &quot;ɤ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɵ&quot;, &quot;ɵ̫&quot;, &quot;ɵʷ&quot;, &quot;ö&quot;, &quot;ɘʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̈&quot;, &quot;ɘᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɘ̠&quot;, &quot;ɤ̟&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̽&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̞&quot;, &quot;ɵ̠&quot;, &quot;o̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɤ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o&quot;, &quot;o̫&quot;, &quot;oʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o͍&quot;, &quot;ɤᵝ&quot; },
		},
		-- Mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e̞&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̞&quot;, &quot;œ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø͍˕&quot;, &quot;œ͍˔&quot;, &quot;e̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝ᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̫˕&quot;, &quot;œ̫˔&quot;, &quot;ø̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;œ̝ʷ&quot;, &quot;e̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝ʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e̽&quot;, &quot;ɛ̽&quot;, &quot;ë̞&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝̈&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid-central vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə̜&quot;, &quot;ɘ̞&quot;, &quot;ɜ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid-central vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə̹&quot;, &quot;ɵ̞&quot;, &quot;ɞ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o̽&quot;, &quot;ɔ̽&quot;, &quot;ö̞&quot;, &quot;ɔ̝̈&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɤ̞&quot;, &quot;ʌ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o̞&quot;, &quot;ɔ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Open-mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɛ&quot; , &quot;æ̝&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ͍&quot;, &quot;ɛᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ̫&quot;, &quot;œʷ&quot;, &quot;ɛʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɜ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̈&quot;, &quot;ʌ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɞ&quot;, &quot;œ̈&quot;, &quot;ɔ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʌ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɔ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Near-open vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;æ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̞&quot;, &quot;a̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ̞&quot;, &quot;ɶ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ̜&quot;, &quot;ɜ̞&quot;, &quot;ä̝&quot;, &quot;ɑ̝̈&quot;, &quot;ɛ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ʌ̞̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ̹&quot;, &quot;ɞ̞&quot;, &quot;ɶ̝̈&quot;, &quot;ɒ̝̈&quot;, &quot;œ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ɔ̞̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɑ̽&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ̽&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʌ̞&quot;, &quot;ɑ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɔ̞&quot;, &quot;ɒ̝&quot; },
        },
		-- Open vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Open front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;a&quot;, &quot;æ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɶ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ä&quot;, &quot;a̠&quot;, &quot;ɑ̈&quot;, &quot;ɑ̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ̈&quot;, &quot;ɒ̟&quot;, &quot;ɶ̈&quot;, &quot;ɶ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɑ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;R-colored vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɚ&quot;, &quot;ɝ&quot;, &quot;ɹ̩&quot;, &quot;ɻ̍&quot; },
			audio = &quot;En-us-er.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
		{
			name = &quot;Primary stress&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˈ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Stress (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Secondary stress&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˌ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Minor (foot) group&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;|&quot; },
			article = &quot;Prosodic unit&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Major (intonation) group&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;‖&quot; },
			article = &quot;Prosodic unit&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Syllable break&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;.&quot; },
			article = &quot;Syllable&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Linking (absence of a break)&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;‿&quot; },
			article = &quot;Connected speech&quot;,
		},
		-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
		{
			name = &quot;Downstep&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ꜜ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Upstep&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ꜛ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Global rise&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↗&quot; },
			article = &quot;Intonation (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Global fall&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↘&quot; },
			article = &quot;Intonation (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Bidental percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʭ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bidental percussive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velopharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʩ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velopharyngeal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼀&quot;, &quot;ʩ𐞪&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg&quot;,
            article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velopharyngeal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼀̬&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʪ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiceless lateral-median fricative&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʫ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiced lateral-median fricative&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Ingressive airflow&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↓&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ingressive sound&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Egressive airflow&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↑&quot; },
			article = &quot;Egressive sound&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Apical r&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̺&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pronunciation of English /r/&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Bunched r&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̈&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pronunciation of English /r/&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;¡&quot; },
			article = &quot;Sublingual percussive&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Percussive alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ¡&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Percussive alveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Buccal interdental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ↀr̪͆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Blowing a raspberry&quot;,
		},
		-- NON-IPA
		{
			name = &quot;Morphological boundary&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;#&quot; },
			article = &quot;Word stem&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Zero&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;∅&quot; },
			article = &quot;Zero (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
	},
	diacritics = {
		-- DIACRITICS
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̥&quot;, &quot;̊&quot;, &quot;ḁ&quot;, &quot;å&quot;, &quot;ů&quot;, &quot;ẙ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̬&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voice (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Aspirated&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʰ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Aspirated consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;More rounded&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̹&quot;, &quot;͗&quot;, &quot;˒&quot; },
			article = &quot;Roundedness&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Less rounded&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̜&quot;, &quot;͑&quot;, &quot;˓&quot;, &quot;͍&quot; },
			article = &quot;Roundedness&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Advanced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̟&quot;, &quot;˖&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retracted&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̠&quot;, &quot;˗&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Centralized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̈&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Centralized vowels&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid-centralized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̽&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Syllabic&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̩&quot;, &quot;̍&quot; },
			article = &quot;Syllabic consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Non-syllabic&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̯&quot;, &quot;̑&quot; },
			article = &quot;Semivowel&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Rhoticity&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;˞&quot; },
			article = &quot;R-colored vowel&quot;,
			audio = &quot;En-us-er.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Breathy voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̤&quot;, &quot;ṳ&quot;, &quot;ʱ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Breathy voice&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Creaky voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̰&quot;, &quot;ḛ&quot;, &quot;ḭ&quot;, &quot;ṵ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Creaky voice&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Linguolabial&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̼&quot; },
			article = &quot;Linguolabial consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labialized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʷ&quot;, &quot;̫&quot; },
			article = &quot;Labialization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʲ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Palatalization (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˠ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velarization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvularized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʶ&quot;, &quot;ᵡ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Uvularization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˤ&quot;, &quot;ᵸ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized or pharyngealized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̴&quot;, &quot;ᵯ&quot;, &quot;ᵰ&quot;, &quot;ᵱ&quot;, &quot;ᵬ&quot;, &quot;ᵮ&quot;, &quot;ᵵ&quot;, &quot;ᵭ&quot;, &quot;ᵴ&quot;, &quot;ᵶ&quot;, &quot;ᵳ&quot;, &quot;ᵲ&quot;, &quot;ꭨ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Epiglottalized&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;𐞴&quot; },
	    	article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Raised&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̝&quot;, &quot;˔&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Raised and lowered&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Lowered&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̞&quot;, &quot;˕&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Raised and lowered&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Advanced tongue root&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̘&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retracted tongue root&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̙&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̪&quot;, &quot;͆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Dental consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Apical&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̺&quot; },
			article = &quot;Apical consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Laminal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̻&quot; },
			article = &quot;Laminal consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̃&quot;, &quot;ṽ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Nasalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasal vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ĩ&quot;, &quot;ỹ&quot;, &quot;ɨ̃&quot;, &quot;ʉ̃&quot;, &quot;ɯ̃&quot;, &quot;ũ&quot;, &quot;ɪ̃&quot;, &quot;ʏ̃&quot;, &quot;ʊ̃&quot;, &quot;ẽ&quot;, &quot;ø̃&quot;, &quot;ɘ̃&quot;, &quot;ɵ̃&quot;, &quot;ɤ̃&quot;, &quot;õ&quot;, &quot;ə̃&quot;, &quot;ɛ̃&quot;, &quot;œ̃&quot;, &quot;ɜ̃&quot;, &quot;ɞ̃&quot;, &quot;ʌ̃&quot;, &quot;ɔ̃&quot;, &quot;æ̃&quot;, &quot;ɐ̃&quot;, &quot;ã&quot;, &quot;ɶ̃&quot;, &quot;ä̃&quot;, &quot;ɑ̃&quot;, &quot;ɒ̃&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasal release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⁿ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Lateral release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˡ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Lateral release (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;No audible release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̚&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Ejective&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʼ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ejective consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˀ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Glottalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labio-palatalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶣ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Labio-palatalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Buccal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ↀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Esophageal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;Œ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Electrolaryngeal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;И&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tracheo-esophageal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;Ю&quot; },
		},
		-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
		{
			name = &quot;Long&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ː&quot; },
			article = &quot;Length (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Half-long&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˑ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Length (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Extra-short&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̆&quot;, &quot;̮&quot;, &quot;ŏ&quot;, &quot;ӗ&quot;, &quot;ă&quot;, &quot;ĭ&quot;, &quot;ŭ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Extra-shortness&quot;,
		},
		-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
		{
			name = &quot;Accent&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̋&quot;, &quot;ű&quot;, &quot;ӳ&quot;, &quot;ő&quot;, &quot;́&quot;, &quot;í&quot;, &quot;ý&quot;, &quot;ú&quot;, &quot;é&quot;, &quot;ǿ&quot;, &quot;ó&quot;, &quot;ǽ&quot;, &quot;á&quot;, &quot;̄&quot;, &quot;ī&quot;, &quot;ȳ&quot;, &quot;ū&quot;, &quot;ē&quot;, &quot;ō&quot;, &quot;ǣ&quot;, &quot;ā&quot;, &quot;̀&quot;, &quot;ì&quot;, &quot;ỳ&quot;, &quot;ù&quot;, &quot;è&quot;, &quot;ò&quot;, &quot;à&quot;, &quot;̏&quot;, &quot;ȉ&quot;, &quot;ȕ&quot;, &quot;ȅ&quot;, &quot;ȍ&quot;, &quot;ȁ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pitch-accent language&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tone&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̌&quot;, &quot;̂&quot;, &quot;᷄&quot;, &quot;᷅&quot;, &quot;᷇&quot;, &quot;᷆&quot;, &quot;᷈&quot;, &quot;᷉&quot;, &quot;˥&quot;, &quot;˦&quot;, &quot;˧&quot;, &quot;˨&quot;, &quot;˩&quot; },
			article = &quot;Tone (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͇&quot; },
			article = &quot;Alveolar consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Strong articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͈&quot;, &quot;̎&quot; },
			article = &quot;Fortis and lenis&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Weak articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͉&quot;, &quot;᷂&quot; },
			article = &quot;Fortis and lenis&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Denasalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͊&quot; },
			article = &quot;Denasalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velopharyngeal friction&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͌&quot;, &quot;𐞐&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Whistled articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͎&quot; },
			article = &quot;Whistled sibilant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Unaspirated&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;˭&quot; },
			article = &quot;Tenuis consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pre-aspiration&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʰp&quot;, &quot;ʰt&quot;, &quot;ʰʈ&quot;, &quot;ʰc&quot;, &quot;ʰk&quot;, &quot;ʰq&quot;, &quot;ʰn&quot; },
			article = &quot;Preaspiration&quot;,
		},
		-- NON-IPA
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̣&quot;, &quot;̢&quot; },
			article = &quot;Retroflex consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Prenasalized consonant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᵐ&quot;, &quot;ᶬ&quot;, &quot;ⁿ̼d̼&quot;, &quot;ᵐ̺b̺&quot;, &quot;ⁿt&quot;, &quot;ⁿd&quot;, &quot;ⁿθ&quot;, &quot;ⁿð&quot;, &quot;ⁿs&quot;, &quot;ⁿz&quot;, &quot;ⁿʃ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʒ&quot;, &quot;ⁿɕ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʑ&quot;, &quot;ⁿr&quot;, &quot;ⁿɬ&quot;, &quot;ⁿɮ&quot;, &quot;ⁿl&quot;, &quot;ᶯ&quot;, &quot;ᶮ&quot;, &quot;ᵑ&quot;, &quot;ᶰ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pre-stopped consonant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᵖ&quot;, &quot;ᵇ&quot;, &quot;ᵗ&quot;, &quot;ᵈ&quot;, &quot;𐞯&quot;, &quot;𐞋&quot;, &quot;ᶜ&quot;, &quot;ᶡ&quot;, &quot;ᵏ&quot;, &quot;ᶢ&quot;, &quot;𐞒&quot;, &quot;𐞳&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Post-stopped nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;mᵇ&quot;, &quot;nᵈ&quot;, &quot;ɳ𐞋&quot;, &quot;ɲᶡ&quot;, &quot;ŋᶢ&quot;, &quot;ɴ𐞒&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʳ&quot;, &quot;𐞄&quot;, &quot;𐞪&quot;, &quot;tr̥&quot;, &quot;dr&quot; },
		},
	}
}

for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
	for _, v in ipairs(group) do
		local t = {
			name = v.name,
			symbol = v.symbols[1],
			article = v.article or v.name,
			audio = v.audio or &quot;&quot;
		}
		for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
			data[k][s] = t
		end
	end
end
	
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }</text>
      <sha1>itszhkv3c41wvwmkod7u7xrbs1f6hpq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241103</id>
      <parentid>2241095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:46:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241103</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="65682" sha1="bqsnjq4m8uih3wc3bvjj3tzstjlcatu" xml:space="preserve">local data = {
	sounds = {},
	diacritics = {},
	univPatterns = {
		{
			pat = &quot;g&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter G
			rep = &quot;ɡ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵍ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small G
			rep = &quot;ᶢ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;l̴&quot;, -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay
			rep = &quot;ɫ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ˁ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop
			rep = &quot;ˤ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;’&quot;, -- Right Single Quotation Mark
			rep = &quot;ʼ&quot; -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ı&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I
			rep = &quot;i&quot; -- Latin Small Letter I
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ȷ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J
			rep = &quot;j&quot; -- Latin Small Letter J
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ʇ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Turned T
			rep = &quot;ǀ&quot; -- Latin Letter Dental Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;[!ʗ]&quot;, -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C
			rep = &quot;ǃ&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;𝼋&quot;, -- 
			rep = &quot;ǂ&quot; -- 
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ψ&quot;, -- Greek Letter Psi
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;‼&quot;, -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;‼&quot;, -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2
			rep = &quot;𝼊&quot; -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ʖ&quot;, -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop
			rep = &quot;ǁ&quot; -- Latin Letter Lateral Click
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ɋ&quot;, -- 
			rep = &quot;ʘ&quot; -- 
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ꞵ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Beta
			rep = &quot;β&quot; -- Greek Small Letter Beta
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;γ&quot;, -- Greek Small Letter Gamma
			rep = &quot;ɣ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Gamma
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;φ&quot;, -- Greek Small Letter Phi
			rep = &quot;ɸ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Phi
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ꭓ&quot;, -- Latin Small Letter Chi
			rep = &quot;χ&quot; -- Greek Small Letter Chi
		},
		
	},
	keyPatterns = {
		-- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics
		{
			pat = &quot;[͜͡ːˑ◌]&quot;, -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle
			rep = &quot;&quot;
			
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵏ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small K
			rep = &quot;k&quot; -- Latin Small Letter K
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᶢ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small Script G
			rep = &quot;ɡ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Script G
		},
		{
			pat = &quot;ᵑ&quot;, -- Modifier Letter Small Eng
			rep = &quot;ŋ&quot; -- Latin Small Letter Eng
		},
	}
}

local rawData = {
	sounds = {
		-- PULMONIC CONSONANTS
		-- Nasals
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;m&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ̊&quot;, &quot;ɱ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ̊&quot;, &quot;ɱ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
                {
			name = &quot;Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɱ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̼&quot;, &quot;m̺&quot;, &quot;m̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Linguolabial nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Voiceless dental nasal&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;n̪̊&quot; }
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳ̊&quot;, &quot;ɳ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠̊ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɲ̊˖&quot;, &quot;ɲ̟̊&quot;, &quot;ȵ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;n̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɲ˖&quot;, &quot;ɲ̟&quot;, &quot;ȵ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ̊&quot;, &quot;ɲ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɲ˗&quot;, &quot;ɲ̠&quot;, &quot;ɲ᫢&quot;, &quot;ŋ˖&quot;, &quot;ŋ᫈&quot;, &quot;ŋ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal nasal&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋ̊&quot;, &quot;ŋ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar nasal.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ̟&quot;, &quot;ŋ˗&quot;, &quot;ŋ᫢&quot;, &quot;ŋ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ̥&quot;, &quot;ɴ̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɴ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular nasal.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Plosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labiodental plosive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̼&quot;, &quot;p̺&quot;, &quot;p̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̼&quot;, &quot;b̺&quot;, &quot;b̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex stop.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex stop.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;c̟&quot;, &quot;ȶ&quot; },
            audio = &quot;IPA sound - ȶ.ogg&quot;
		},
        {		
	        name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive&quot;,	
	        symbols = { &quot;d̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ɟ˖&quot;, &quot;ɟ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɟ̟&quot;, &quot;ȡ&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive.ogg&quot;	
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c̠&quot;, &quot;k̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal plosive&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟ᫢&quot;, &quot;ɟ̠&quot;, &quot;ɡ˖&quot;, &quot;ɡ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɡ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal plosive&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;k&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q˖&quot;, &quot;q᫈&quot;, &quot;q̟&quot;, &quot;k̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ̟&quot;, &quot;ɡ˗&quot;, &quot;ɡ᫢&quot;, &quot;ɡ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular stop.oga&quot;
		},
	    { 
            name = &quot;Voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ꞯ&quot;, &quot;q˗&quot;, &quot;q᫢&quot;, &quot;ʡ̟̥&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg&quot;
        },
        {
            name = &quot;Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;𝼂&quot;, &quot;ɢ̠&quot;, &quot;ʡ̟̬&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Epiglottal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Epiglottal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottal stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Glottal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;pɸ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;bβ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial affricate.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʙ̥&quot;, &quot;tʙ̥&quot;, &quot;tʙ̥ʰ&quot;, &quot;pʙ̥&quot;, &quot;pʙ̥ʰ&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʙ&quot;, &quot;tʙ&quot;, &quot;d̪ʙ&quot;, &quot;dʙ&quot;, &quot;pʙ&quot;, &quot;bʙ&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪f&quot;, &quot;pf&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;b̪v&quot;, &quot;bv&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪s̪&quot;, &quot;ts̪&quot;, &quot;t̟s̟&quot;, &quot;ts̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪z̪&quot;, &quot;dz̪&quot;, &quot;d̟z̟&quot;, &quot;dz̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪θ&quot;, &quot;t̟θ&quot;, &quot;tθ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̪ð&quot;, &quot;d̟ð&quot;, &quot;dð&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ts&quot;, &quot;ʦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dz&quot;, &quot;ʣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̺s̺&quot;, &quot;ts̺&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠&quot;, &quot;ts̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced apico-alveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̺z̺&quot;, &quot;dz̺&quot;, &quot;d̠z̠&quot;, &quot;dz̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɹ̝̊&quot;, &quot;tɹ̥&quot;, &quot;tθ̠&quot;, &quot;tθ͇&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dɹ̝&quot;, &quot;dɹ&quot;, &quot;dð̠&quot;, &quot;dð͇&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʃ&quot;, &quot;tʃ&quot;, &quot;ʧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠ʒ&quot;, &quot;dʒ&quot;, &quot;ʤ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɹ̝̊˗&quot;, &quot;t̠ɹ̝̊˗&quot;, &quot;t̠ɹ̠̊&quot;, &quot;tɹ̠̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;d̠ɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̠᷵&quot;, &quot;dɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;dɹ̝˗&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̝˗&quot;, &quot;d̠ɹ̠&quot;, &quot;dɹ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʂ&quot;, &quot;tʂ&quot;, &quot;ꭧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖʐ&quot;, &quot;dʐ&quot;, &quot;ꭦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
    	{
            name = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;dɻ˔&quot;, &quot;ɖɻ᷵&quot;, &quot;d̠ɻ̝&quot;, &quot;ɖɻ˔&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɕ&quot;, &quot;cɕ&quot;, &quot;t̠ʃʲ&quot;, &quot;tʃʲ&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʨ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dʑ&quot;, &quot;ɟʑ&quot;, &quot;d̠ʒʲ&quot;, &quot;dʒʲ&quot;, &quot;d̠z̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cç&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟʝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;c̠ç˗&quot;, &quot;cç˗&quot;, &quot;c̠ç̠&quot;, &quot;cç̠&quot;, &quot;k̟x̟&quot;, &quot;kx̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal affricate&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kx&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡɣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q˖χ˖&quot;, &quot;qχ˖&quot;, &quot;q̟χ̟&quot;, &quot;qχ̟&quot;, &quot;k̠x̠&quot;, &quot;kx̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qχ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢʁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡħ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡʜ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡʢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless glottal affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔh&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɸ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;β&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;f&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;v&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ̼&quot;, &quot;ɸ̺&quot;, &quot;f̼&quot;, &quot;ɸ̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̼&quot;, &quot;β̺&quot;, &quot;v̼&quot;, &quot;β̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̻̪&quot;, &quot;s̪̻&quot;, &quot;s̻͆&quot;, &quot;s̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̺&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced apico-alveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̺&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar retracted fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;s̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar retracted fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θ̠&quot;, &quot;θ͇&quot;, &quot;t̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̠&quot;, &quot;ð͇&quot;, &quot;d̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̞̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar tapped fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̞&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʒ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠̊˔&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝̊˗&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠˔&quot;, &quot;ɹ̠᷵&quot;, &quot;ɹ̝˗&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʂ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʐ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̝̊&quot;, &quot;ɻ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ʈ̞&quot;, &quot;ʈ˕&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̝&quot;, &quot;ɻ˔&quot;, &quot;ɻ᷵&quot;, &quot;ɖ̞&quot;, &quot;ɖ˕&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɕ&quot;, &quot;ʃʲ&quot;, &quot;s̠ʲ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʑ&quot;, &quot;ʒʲ&quot;, &quot;z̠ʲ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ç&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ç˗&quot;, &quot;ç̠&quot;, &quot;ç᫢&quot;, &quot;x̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal fricative&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʝ᫢&quot;, &quot;ʝ̠&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫈&quot;, &quot;ɣ̟&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal fricative&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;x&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɣ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χ˖&quot;, &quot;χ̟&quot;, &quot;x̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ̟&quot;, &quot;ɣ˗&quot;, &quot;ɣ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ħ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʕ&quot;, &quot;ʕ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless glottal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced glottal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɦ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced glottal fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bidental fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h̪͆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dentolabial fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;f͆&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;β̞&quot;, &quot;ʋ̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
	        name = &quot;Voiceless labiodental approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ʋ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʋ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ð̞&quot;, &quot;ɹ̪&quot; },
		},
	    {
		   name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar approximant&quot;,
           symbols = { &quot;ɹ̥&quot; },
           audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced laminal alveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;z̞&quot;, &quot;ð̠˕&quot;, &quot;ɹ̻&quot; },
		},
	    {
		   name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar approximant&quot;,
           symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠̊&quot; },
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Postalveolar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɻ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex Approximant2.oga&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j̊&quot;, &quot;ç˕&quot;, &quot;ç̞&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal approximant.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j&quot;, &quot;ʝ˕&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j᫢&quot;, &quot;j̠&quot;, &quot;j˗&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞˗&quot;, &quot;ʝ̞᫢&quot;, &quot;ɰ̈&quot;, &quot;ɰ̟&quot;, &quot;ɰ˖&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞˖&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞᫈&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced post-palatal approximant&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Post-palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Protruded post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;j˗ʷ&quot;, &quot;j᫢ʷ&quot;, &quot;j̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɥ̫̈&quot;, &quot;ẅ&quot;, &quot;w̟&quot; },
	    	audio = &quot;Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg&quot;,
	    	article = &quot;Protruded post-palatal approximant&quot;
	    },
	    {
            name = &quot;Compressed post-palatal or pre-velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɥ̈&quot;, &quot;ɥ˗&quot;, &quot;ɥ᫢&quot;, &quot;j̈ᵝ&quot;, &quot;j˗ᵝ&quot;, &quot;j᫢ᵝ&quot; },
	    	article = &quot;Compressed post-palatal approximant&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɰ&quot;, &quot;ɣ˕&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
			{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar bunched approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̈ &quot;},
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʁ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʕ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʢ̞&quot;, &quot;ʕ̞˗&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Creaky-voiced glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʔ̬&quot;, &quot;ʔ̞&quot;, &quot;ʔ̰&quot;, &quot;˷&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Creaky-voiced glottal approximant.wav&quot;
		},
		-- Taps/flaps
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⱱ̟&quot;, &quot;b̆&quot;, &quot;w̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiodental flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⱱ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental flap.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
		    name = &quot;Voiceless dental tap or flap&quot;,
		    symbols = { &quot;ɾ̪̊&quot; },
		    article = &quot;Voiceless dental tap&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̪&quot; },
			article = &quot;Dental tap&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̥&quot;, &quot;t̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ&quot;, &quot;d̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar tap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̠&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɾ̃&quot;, &quot;n̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Alveolar nasal tap&quot;,
		},
		{
		    name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̊&quot;, &quot;ʈ̆&quot; },
            --audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ&quot;, &quot;ɖ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex flap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex nasal flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̃&quot;, &quot;ɳ̆&quot; },
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiced velar tap&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɡ̆&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced velar tap.wav&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular tap or flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɢ̆&quot;, &quot;ʀ̆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiced uvular tap and flap&quot;,
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular tap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal tap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʡ̆&quot;, &quot;ʡ̮&quot;, &quot;ʢ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Epiglottal flap.oga&quot;
		},
		-- Trills
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial trill.ogg&quot;
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labiolingual trill&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;r̼̊&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺̊&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼̊&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labiolingual trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̼&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced linguolabial trill.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̪̊&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̝̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̠̊&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;r̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽ̊r̥&quot;, &quot;ɽr̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɽr&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝̊˖&quot;, &quot;ʀ̟̊˔&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝˖&quot;, &quot;ʀ̟˔&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝̊&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʀ̝&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced uvular fricative trill.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʜ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʢ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;dɮ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;tɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ʈɭ̊&quot;, &quot;tɭ̊&quot;, &quot;ʈꞎ&quot;, &quot;tꞎ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖɭ˔&quot;, &quot;dɭ˔&quot;, &quot;ɖɭ&quot;, &quot;dɭ&quot;, &quot;ɖ𝼅&quot;, &quot;d𝼅&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʎ̝̊&quot;, &quot;cʎ̥&quot;, &quot;c𝼆&quot;, &quot;t𝼆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɟʎ̝&quot;, &quot;ɟʎ&quot;, &quot;ɟ𝼆̬&quot;, &quot;d𝼆̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
	    { 
		    name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate&quot;,
		    symbols = { &quot;c𝼆˗&quot; },
		    article = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate&quot;
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʟ̝̊&quot;, &quot;kʟ̥&quot;, &quot;k𝼄&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡʟ̝&quot;, &quot;ɡʟ&quot;, &quot;ɡ𝼄̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɮ̪&quot;, &quot;ɮ͆&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɮ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɬ̠&quot; }
        },
        {
            name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɮ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ꞎ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ˔&quot;, &quot;𝼅&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬ̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̝̊˖&quot;, &quot;ȴ̊˔&quot;, &quot;l̠̊ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̟̊&quot;, &quot;ȴ̊&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝̊&quot;, &quot;𝼆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝&quot;, &quot;𝼆̬&quot; },
            audio = &quot;ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus&quot;
		},
	    {
            name = &quot;Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;𝼆̠&quot; },
        },
	    {
	        name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ʎ̝˗&quot;, &quot;ʟ̟᷵&quot; },
            article = &quot;Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative&quot;
	    },
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̝̊&quot;, &quot;𝼄&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̝&quot;, &quot;𝼄̬&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̪&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɭ̊&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolo-palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̠ʲ&quot;, &quot;ʎ̟&quot;, &quot;ȴ&quot; },
		},
	    {
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̥&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̥&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral taps/flaps
		{
            name = &quot;Voiced linguolabial lateral flap&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɺ̼&quot; }
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̪&quot; }
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ&quot;, &quot;l̆&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɺ̠&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̥̆&quot;, &quot;𝼈̊&quot;, &quot;𝼈̥&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɭ̆&quot;, &quot;𝼈&quot;, &quot;𝼈 (ɺ̢)&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral flap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʎ̆&quot;, &quot;ʎ̮&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar lateral tap&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʟ̆&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar lateral tap.wav&quot;
		},
		-- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS
		-- Ejective stops
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;pʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Ejective affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Labiodental ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;p̪fʼ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̪θʼ&quot;, &quot;t̟θʼ&quot;, &quot;tθʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tsʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Postalveolar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ʃʼ&quot;, &quot;tʃʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈʂʼ&quot;, &quot;tʂʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;t̠ɕʼ&quot;, &quot;tɕʼ&quot;, &quot;t̠ʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;tʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;t̠s̠ʲʼ&quot;, &quot;cɕʼ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cçʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kxʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qχʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Ejective fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɸʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labiodental ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;fʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;θʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;sʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Postalveolar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʃʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʂʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɕʼ&quot; , &quot;ʃʲʼ&quot;, &quot;s̠ʲʼ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;çʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;xʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;χʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Uvular ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Lateral ejective affricates
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tɬʼ&quot;, &quot;ƛʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;cʎ̝̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;cʎ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;c𝼆ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velar lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kʟ̝̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;kʟ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;k𝼄ʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvular lateral ejective affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;q𝼄ʼ&quot;, &quot;q𝼄̠ʼ&quot;, &quot;qʟ̝̊ʼ&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral ejective fricatives
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɬʼ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
	    -- Ejective trills
		{
			name = &quot;Ejective trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʙ̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̼̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʙ̺̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʙ̼̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̪̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;r̠̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ɽr̥ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʀ᫊̊ʼ&quot;, &quot;ʀ̥ʼ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ejective consonant&quot;
		},
		-- Tenuis clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ&quot;, &quot;kʘ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Clic bilabial sourd.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis dental click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ&quot;, &quot;kǀ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Dental click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ&quot;, &quot;kǃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Postalveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis palatal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ&quot;, &quot;kǂ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Palatoalveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis retroflex click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊&quot;, &quot;k𝼊&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Retrflx click.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Back-released click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʞ&quot; },
		},
		-- Voiced clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡʘ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǃ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǂ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̬&quot;, &quot;ɡ𝼊&quot; },
		},
		-- Nasal clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋʘ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʘ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Bilabial nasal click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǀ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǀʱ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǃ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǃ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatal nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǂ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǂ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̃&quot;, &quot;ŋ𝼊&quot;, &quot;ⁿ𝼊&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Tenuis alveolar lateral click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ&quot;, &quot;kǁ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Alveolar lateral click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̬&quot;, &quot;ɡǁ&quot; },
		},
		-- Lateral nasal clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar lateral nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̃&quot;, &quot;ŋǁ&quot;, &quot;ⁿǁ&quot; },
		},
		-- Glottalized clicks
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized bilabial nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ʘˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ʘˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋʘˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized dental nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǀ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǀˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǀˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǀˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized alveolar nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǃˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǃˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǃˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized retroflex nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼊̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;𝼊ˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ𝼊ˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊𝼊ˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized palatal nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǂ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǂˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǂˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǂˀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǁ̃ˀ&quot;, &quot;ǁˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋ̊ǁˀ&quot;, &quot;ŋǁˀ&quot; },
		},
		-- Egressive clicks (for Damin)
		{
			name = &quot;Egressive bilabial click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʘ↑&quot; },
		},
		-- Implosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless bilabial implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɓ̥&quot;, &quot;ƥ&quot;, &quot;pʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced bilabial implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɓ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless dental implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̪̥&quot;, &quot;ɗ̪̊&quot;, &quot;ƭ̪&quot;, &quot;t̪ʼ↓&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced dental implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̪&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ̥&quot;, &quot;ƭ&quot;, &quot;tʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɗ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless retroflex implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶑ̊&quot;, &quot;ᶑ̥&quot;, &quot;𝼉&quot;, &quot;ʈʼ↓&quot; }, 
			
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced retroflex implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶑ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless palatal implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ̊&quot;, &quot;ʄ̥&quot;, &quot;ƈ&quot;, &quot;cʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced palatal implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced palatal implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʄ̠&quot;, &quot;ʄ˗&quot;, &quot;ɠ̟&quot;, &quot;ɠ˖&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced post palatal and pre velar implosives.ogg&quot;,
            article = &quot;Voiced pre-velar implosive&quot;
		},
	{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ̊&quot;, &quot;ƙ&quot;, &quot;kʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced velar implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʛ̥&quot;, &quot;ʠ&quot;, &quot;qʼ↓&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced uvular implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʛ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced uvular implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS
		-- Co-articulated nasals
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–alveolar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;nm&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–retroflex nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɳm&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ŋm&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated plosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–alveolar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;db&quot; },
		},
	    {
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʈp&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–retroflex plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɖb&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;kp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɡb&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–uvular plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qp&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;qʡ&quot; },
		},
		-- Co-articulated implosives
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠ̊ɓ̥&quot;, &quot;kɓ̥&quot;, &quot;ƙƥ&quot;, &quot;kpʼ↓&quot;, &quot;kƥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar implosive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɠɓ&quot;, &quot;ɡɓ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated ejectives
		{
			name = &quot;Labial–alveolar ejective stop&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;tpʼ&quot; },
		},
		-- Co-articulated continuants
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–palatal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ̊˔&quot;, &quot;ɥ̝̊&quot;, &quot;çᶣ&quot;, &quot;çᵝ&quot;, &quot;çʷ&quot; },
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labial–palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ̊&quot;, &quot;ç̞ᶣ&quot;, &quot;ç̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ç̞ʷ&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɥ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʍ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Voiceless labial–velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;w̥&quot;, &quot;ẘ&quot;, &quot;ʍ̞&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;w&quot;, &quot;ɰʷ&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛ʷ&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;wᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɰᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɣ᫛ᵝ&quot;},
			article = &quot;Voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Sj-sound&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɧ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Co-articulated lateral approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɫ̪&quot;, &quot;l̪ˠ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɫ&quot;, &quot;lˠ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized dental lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;l̪ˤ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;lˤ&quot; },
		},
		-- Nasalized approximants
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced palatal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;j̃&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Nasal palatal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
        {
            name = &quot;Nasalized voiced velar approximant&quot;,
            symbols = { &quot;ɰ̃&quot;, &quot;ɣ̞̃&quot;, &quot;ɣ̃˕&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Nasal velar approximant.ogg&quot;
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;w̃&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiceless glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;h̃&quot; },
            audio = &quot;IPA h̃.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized voiced glottal approximant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɦ̃&quot; },
		},
		-- VOWELS
		-- Close vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Close front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;i&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y͍&quot;, &quot;iᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;y̫&quot;, &quot;yʷ&quot;, &quot;iʷ&quot;, &quot;y᫇&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close front protruded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɨ&quot;, &quot;ï&quot;, &quot;ɯ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʉ&quot;, &quot;ü&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʉ̫&quot;, &quot;ʉʷ&quot;, &quot;ɨʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ÿ&quot;, &quot;ɨᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u̫&quot;, &quot;uʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;u͍&quot;, &quot;ɯᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Ja-U.oga&quot;
		},
		-- Near-close vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̟&quot;, &quot;i̞&quot;, &quot;e̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̟&quot;, &quot;y̞&quot;, &quot;y˕&quot;, &quot;ø̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ&quot;, &quot;i̽&quot;, &quot;ï̞&quot;, &quot;ë̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ&quot;, &quot;y̽&quot;, &quot;ÿ̞&quot;, &quot;ÿ˕&quot;, &quot;ø̝̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ͍&quot;, &quot;ɪᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̫&quot;, &quot;ʏʷ&quot;, &quot;ɪʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̈&quot;, &quot;ɪ̠&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞&quot;, &quot;ɘ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̈&quot;, &quot;ʊ̟&quot;, &quot;ʉ̞&quot;, &quot;ɵ̝&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̫̈&quot;, &quot;ʉ̫˕&quot;, &quot;ʊ̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ʉ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɪ̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞ʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̈&quot;, &quot;ɨ̞ᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ̽&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ&quot;, &quot;u̽&quot;, &quot;ü̞&quot;, &quot;ö̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̫&quot;, &quot;ʊʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̽ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝̈ʷ&quot;, &quot;u̫˕&quot;, &quot;u̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝ʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close near-back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ͍&quot;, &quot;ɯ̽ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̈ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞ᵝ&quot; },
		},
        {
			name = &quot;Near-close back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɯ̞&quot;, &quot;ɤ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-close back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̠&quot;, &quot;u̞&quot;, &quot;o̝&quot; },
		},
		-- Close-mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø͍&quot;, &quot;eᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̫&quot;, &quot;øʷ&quot;, &quot;eʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɪ̞&quot;, &quot;e̠&quot;, &quot;ɘ̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʏ̞&quot;, &quot;ø̠&quot;, &quot;ɵ̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɘ&quot;, &quot;ë&quot;, &quot;ɤ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɵ&quot;, &quot;ɵ̫&quot;, &quot;ɵʷ&quot;, &quot;ö&quot;, &quot;ɘʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid central compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̈&quot;, &quot;ɘᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɘ̠&quot;, &quot;ɤ̟&quot;, &quot;ɯ̞̽&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʊ̞&quot;, &quot;ɵ̠&quot;, &quot;o̟&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɤ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o&quot;, &quot;o̫&quot;, &quot;oʷ&quot;, &quot;ɤʷ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Close-mid back compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o͍&quot;, &quot;ɤᵝ&quot; },
		},
		-- Mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e̞&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̞&quot;, &quot;œ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø͍˕&quot;, &quot;œ͍˔&quot;, &quot;e̞ᵝ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝ᵝ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ø̫˕&quot;, &quot;œ̫˔&quot;, &quot;ø̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;œ̝ʷ&quot;, &quot;e̞ʷ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝ʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid near-front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;e̽&quot;, &quot;ɛ̽&quot;, &quot;ë̞&quot;, &quot;ɛ̝̈&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid-central vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə̜&quot;, &quot;ɘ̞&quot;, &quot;ɜ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid-central vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ə̹&quot;, &quot;ɵ̞&quot;, &quot;ɞ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o̽&quot;, &quot;ɔ̽&quot;, &quot;ö̞&quot;, &quot;ɔ̝̈&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɤ̞&quot;, &quot;ʌ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;o̞&quot;, &quot;ɔ̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Open-mid vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɛ&quot; , &quot;æ̝&quot;},
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front compressed vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ͍&quot;, &quot;ɛᵝ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid front protruded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ̫&quot;, &quot;œʷ&quot;, &quot;ɛʷ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɜ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̈&quot;, &quot;ʌ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɞ&quot;, &quot;œ̈&quot;, &quot;ɔ̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʌ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open-mid back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɔ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- Near-open vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;æ&quot;, &quot;ɛ̞&quot;, &quot;a̝&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;œ̞&quot;, &quot;ɶ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ̜&quot;, &quot;ɜ̞&quot;, &quot;ä̝&quot;, &quot;ɑ̝̈&quot;, &quot;ɛ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ʌ̞̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɐ̹&quot;, &quot;ɞ̞&quot;, &quot;ɶ̝̈&quot;, &quot;ɒ̝̈&quot;, &quot;œ̞̈&quot;, &quot;ɔ̞̈&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open near-back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɑ̽&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open near-back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ̽&quot; },
        },
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʌ̞&quot;, &quot;ɑ̝&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Near-open back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɔ̞&quot;, &quot;ɒ̝&quot; },
        },
		-- Open vowels
		{
			name = &quot;Open front unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;a&quot;, &quot;æ̞&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open front rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɶ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open front rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open central unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ä&quot;, &quot;a̠&quot;, &quot;ɑ̈&quot;, &quot;ɑ̟&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open central unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open central rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ̈&quot;, &quot;ɒ̟&quot;, &quot;ɶ̈&quot;, &quot;ɶ̠&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open central rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open back unrounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɑ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Open back unrounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Open back rounded vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɒ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;R-colored vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɚ&quot;, &quot;ɝ&quot;, &quot;ɹ̩&quot;, &quot;ɻ̍&quot; },
			audio = &quot;En-us-er.ogg&quot;
		},
		-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
		{
			name = &quot;Primary stress&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˈ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Stress (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Secondary stress&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˌ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Minor (foot) group&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;|&quot; },
			article = &quot;Prosodic unit&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Major (intonation) group&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;‖&quot; },
			article = &quot;Prosodic unit&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Syllable break&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;.&quot; },
			article = &quot;Syllable&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Linking (absence of a break)&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;‿&quot; },
			article = &quot;Connected speech&quot;,
		},
		-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
		{
			name = &quot;Downstep&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ꜜ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Upstep&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ꜛ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Global rise&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↗&quot; },
			article = &quot;Intonation (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Global fall&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↘&quot; },
			article = &quot;Intonation (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
		{
			name = &quot;Bilabial percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʬ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Bidental percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʭ&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Voiceless bidental percussive.wav&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velopharyngeal fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʩ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless velopharyngeal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼀&quot;, &quot;ʩ𐞪&quot; },
            audio = &quot;Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg&quot;,
            article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced velopharyngeal trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;𝼀̬&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʪ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiceless lateral-median fricative&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʫ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voiced lateral-median fricative&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Ingressive airflow&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↓&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ingressive sound&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Egressive airflow&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;↑&quot; },
			article = &quot;Egressive sound&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Apical r&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̺&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pronunciation of English /r/&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Bunched r&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ɹ̈&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pronunciation of English /r/&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;¡&quot; },
			article = &quot;Sublingual percussive&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Percussive alveolar click&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ǃ¡&quot; },
			audio = &quot;Percussive alveolar click.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Buccal interdental trill&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ↀr̪͆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Blowing a raspberry&quot;,
		},
		-- NON-IPA
		{
			name = &quot;Morphological boundary&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;#&quot; },
			article = &quot;Word stem&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Zero&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;∅&quot; },
			article = &quot;Zero (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
	},
	diacritics = {
		-- DIACRITICS
		{
			name = &quot;Voiceless&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̥&quot;, &quot;̊&quot;, &quot;ḁ&quot;, &quot;å&quot;, &quot;ů&quot;, &quot;ẙ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̬&quot; },
			article = &quot;Voice (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Aspirated&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʰ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Aspirated consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;More rounded&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̹&quot;, &quot;͗&quot;, &quot;˒&quot; },
			article = &quot;Roundedness&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Less rounded&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̜&quot;, &quot;͑&quot;, &quot;˓&quot;, &quot;͍&quot; },
			article = &quot;Roundedness&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Advanced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̟&quot;, &quot;˖&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retracted&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̠&quot;, &quot;˗&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Centralized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̈&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Centralized vowels&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Mid-centralized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̽&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Syllabic&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̩&quot;, &quot;̍&quot; },
			article = &quot;Syllabic consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Non-syllabic&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̯&quot;, &quot;̑&quot; },
			article = &quot;Semivowel&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Rhoticity&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;˞&quot; },
			article = &quot;R-colored vowel&quot;,
			audio = &quot;En-us-er.ogg&quot;
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Breathy voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̤&quot;, &quot;ṳ&quot;, &quot;ʱ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Breathy voice&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Creaky voiced&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̰&quot;, &quot;ḛ&quot;, &quot;ḭ&quot;, &quot;ṵ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Creaky voice&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Linguolabial&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̼&quot; },
			article = &quot;Linguolabial consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labialized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʷ&quot;, &quot;̫&quot; },
			article = &quot;Labialization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Palatalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʲ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Palatalization (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˠ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velarization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Uvularized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʶ&quot;, &quot;ᵡ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Uvularization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pharyngealized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˤ&quot;, &quot;ᵸ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velarized or pharyngealized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̴&quot;, &quot;ᵯ&quot;, &quot;ᵰ&quot;, &quot;ᵱ&quot;, &quot;ᵬ&quot;, &quot;ᵮ&quot;, &quot;ᵵ&quot;, &quot;ᵭ&quot;, &quot;ᵴ&quot;, &quot;ᵶ&quot;, &quot;ᵳ&quot;, &quot;ᵲ&quot;, &quot;ꭨ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
		},
	    {
	    	name = &quot;Epiglottalized&quot;,
	    	symbols = { &quot;𐞴&quot; },
	    	article = &quot;Pharyngealization&quot;,
	    },
		{
			name = &quot;Raised&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̝&quot;, &quot;˔&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Raised and lowered&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Lowered&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̞&quot;, &quot;˕&quot; },
			article = &quot;Relative articulation#Raised and lowered&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Advanced tongue root&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̘&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Retracted tongue root&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̙&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Dental&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̪&quot;, &quot;͆&quot; },
			article = &quot;Dental consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Apical&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̺&quot; },
			article = &quot;Apical consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Laminal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̻&quot; },
			article = &quot;Laminal consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̃&quot;, &quot;ṽ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Nasalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasal vowel&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ĩ&quot;, &quot;ỹ&quot;, &quot;ɨ̃&quot;, &quot;ʉ̃&quot;, &quot;ɯ̃&quot;, &quot;ũ&quot;, &quot;ɪ̃&quot;, &quot;ʏ̃&quot;, &quot;ʊ̃&quot;, &quot;ẽ&quot;, &quot;ø̃&quot;, &quot;ɘ̃&quot;, &quot;ɵ̃&quot;, &quot;ɤ̃&quot;, &quot;õ&quot;, &quot;ə̃&quot;, &quot;ɛ̃&quot;, &quot;œ̃&quot;, &quot;ɜ̃&quot;, &quot;ɞ̃&quot;, &quot;ʌ̃&quot;, &quot;ɔ̃&quot;, &quot;æ̃&quot;, &quot;ɐ̃&quot;, &quot;ã&quot;, &quot;ɶ̃&quot;, &quot;ä̃&quot;, &quot;ɑ̃&quot;, &quot;ɒ̃&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Nasal release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ⁿ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Lateral release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˡ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Lateral release (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;No audible release&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̚&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Ejective&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʼ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Ejective consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Glottalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˀ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Glottalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Labio-palatalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᶣ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Labio-palatalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Buccal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ↀ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Esophageal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;Œ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Electrolaryngeal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;И&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tracheo-esophageal speech&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;Ю&quot; },
		},
		-- SUPRASEGMENTALS
		{
			name = &quot;Long&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ː&quot; },
			article = &quot;Length (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Half-long&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ˑ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Length (phonetics)&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Extra-short&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̆&quot;, &quot;̮&quot;, &quot;ŏ&quot;, &quot;ӗ&quot;, &quot;ă&quot;, &quot;ĭ&quot;, &quot;ŭ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Extra-shortness&quot;,
		},
		-- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS
		{
			name = &quot;Accent&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̋&quot;, &quot;ű&quot;, &quot;ӳ&quot;, &quot;ő&quot;, &quot;́&quot;, &quot;í&quot;, &quot;ý&quot;, &quot;ú&quot;, &quot;é&quot;, &quot;ǿ&quot;, &quot;ó&quot;, &quot;ǽ&quot;, &quot;á&quot;, &quot;̄&quot;, &quot;ī&quot;, &quot;ȳ&quot;, &quot;ū&quot;, &quot;ē&quot;, &quot;ō&quot;, &quot;ǣ&quot;, &quot;ā&quot;, &quot;̀&quot;, &quot;ì&quot;, &quot;ỳ&quot;, &quot;ù&quot;, &quot;è&quot;, &quot;ò&quot;, &quot;à&quot;, &quot;̏&quot;, &quot;ȉ&quot;, &quot;ȕ&quot;, &quot;ȅ&quot;, &quot;ȍ&quot;, &quot;ȁ&quot; },
			article = &quot;Pitch-accent language&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Tone&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̌&quot;, &quot;̂&quot;, &quot;᷄&quot;, &quot;᷅&quot;, &quot;᷇&quot;, &quot;᷆&quot;, &quot;᷈&quot;, &quot;᷉&quot;, &quot;˥&quot;, &quot;˦&quot;, &quot;˧&quot;, &quot;˨&quot;, &quot;˩&quot; },
			article = &quot;Tone (linguistics)&quot;,
		},
		-- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA)
		{
			name = &quot;Alveolar&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͇&quot; },
			article = &quot;Alveolar consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Strong articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͈&quot;, &quot;̎&quot; },
			article = &quot;Fortis and lenis&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Weak articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͉&quot;, &quot;᷂&quot; },
			article = &quot;Fortis and lenis&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Denasalized&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͊&quot; },
			article = &quot;Denasalization&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Velopharyngeal friction&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͌&quot;, &quot;𐞐&quot; },
			article = &quot;Velopharyngeal consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Whistled articulation&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;͎&quot; },
			article = &quot;Whistled sibilant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Unaspirated&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;˭&quot; },
			article = &quot;Tenuis consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pre-aspiration&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʰp&quot;, &quot;ʰt&quot;, &quot;ʰʈ&quot;, &quot;ʰc&quot;, &quot;ʰk&quot;, &quot;ʰq&quot;, &quot;ʰn&quot; },
			article = &quot;Preaspiration&quot;,
		},
		-- NON-IPA
		{
			name = &quot;Retroflex&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;̣&quot;, &quot;̢&quot; },
			article = &quot;Retroflex consonant&quot;,
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Prenasalized consonant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᵐ&quot;, &quot;ᶬ&quot;, &quot;ⁿ̼d̼&quot;, &quot;ᵐ̺b̺&quot;, &quot;ⁿt&quot;, &quot;ⁿd&quot;, &quot;ⁿθ&quot;, &quot;ⁿð&quot;, &quot;ⁿs&quot;, &quot;ⁿz&quot;, &quot;ⁿʃ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʒ&quot;, &quot;ⁿɕ&quot;, &quot;ⁿʑ&quot;, &quot;ⁿr&quot;, &quot;ⁿɬ&quot;, &quot;ⁿɮ&quot;, &quot;ⁿl&quot;, &quot;ᶯ&quot;, &quot;ᶮ&quot;, &quot;ᵑ&quot;, &quot;ᶰ&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Pre-stopped consonant&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ᵖ&quot;, &quot;ᵇ&quot;, &quot;ᵗ&quot;, &quot;ᵈ&quot;, &quot;𐞯&quot;, &quot;𐞋&quot;, &quot;ᶜ&quot;, &quot;ᶡ&quot;, &quot;ᵏ&quot;, &quot;ᶢ&quot;, &quot;𐞒&quot;, &quot;𐞳&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Post-stopped nasal&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;mᵇ&quot;, &quot;nᵈ&quot;, &quot;ɳ𐞋&quot;, &quot;ɲᶡ&quot;, &quot;ŋᶢ&quot;, &quot;ɴ𐞒&quot; },
		},
		{
			name = &quot;Trilled affricate&quot;,
			symbols = { &quot;ʳ&quot;, &quot;𐞄&quot;, &quot;𐞪&quot;, &quot;tr̥&quot;, &quot;dr&quot; },
		},
	}
}

for k, group in pairs(rawData) do
	for _, v in ipairs(group) do
		local t = {
			name = v.name,
			symbol = v.symbols[1],
			article = v.article or v.name,
			audio = v.audio or &quot;&quot;
		}
		for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do
			data[k][s] = t
		end
	end
end
	
return { data = data, rawData = rawData }</text>
      <sha1>bqsnjq4m8uih3wc3bvjj3tzstjlcatu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usapang kategorya:Mga siyentipiko</title>
    <ns>15</ns>
    <id>281597</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241183</id>
      <parentid>2238816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:19:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ListeriaBot</username>
        <id>79921</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Wikidata list updated [V2]</comment>
      <origin>2241183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31147" sha1="hasly0vjoxu8vh5el8r9569t79bgtp1" xml:space="preserve">== Wala pang artikulo ==
{{Wikidata list
|sparql=SELECT ?item ?linkcount  WHERE {
  ?item wdt:P106 ?occupation.
  ?occupation wdt:P279* wd:Q864503.
  ?item wikibase:sitelinks ?linkcount .
}
GROUP BY ?item ?linkcount
ORDER BY DESC(?linkcount)
LIMIT 200
|columns=number,item,label:Article,P569,P570,P101,P18
|section=
|min_section=
|sort=
|links=red_only
|thumb=128
|autolist=fallback
|summary=itemnumber
}}
{| class='wikitable sortable'
! number
! item
! Article
! petsa ng kapanangakan
! petsa ng kamatayan
! field of work
! larawan
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 1
| [[:d:Q144535|Q144535]]
| [[Herbert Spencer]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1820&quot; | 1820-04-27&lt;br/&gt;1820-04-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1903&quot; | 1903-12-08
| [[botanika]]
| [[Talaksan:Herbert Spencer.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 2
| [[:d:Q11826|Q11826]]
| [[Al-Biruni]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;973&quot; | 973-09-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;1048&quot; | 1048-12-09
| [[pisika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matematika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[astronomiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[likas na agham]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kasaysayan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[chronology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[laborer]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Indology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[agham pandaigdig]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kartograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Antropolohiya|agham-tao]]&lt;br/&gt;[[astrolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[sikolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[teolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[parmakolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[history of religions]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mineralohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Al-Biruni Portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 3
| [[:d:Q131117|Q131117]]
| [[Maria Montessori]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1870&quot; | 1870-08-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-05-06
| [[pedagohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Maria Montessori (portrait).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 4
| [[:d:Q7487|Q7487]]
| [[Dorothy Hodgkin]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1910&quot; | 1910-05-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;1994&quot; | 1994-07-29
| [[X-ray crystallography]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kristalograpiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Professor Dorothy Hodgkin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 5
| [[:d:Q185007|Q185007]]
| [[Rita Levi-Montalcini]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1909&quot; | 1909-04-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-12-30
| [[neurobiology]]
| [[Talaksan:Rita Levi-Montalcini (1986).png|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 6
| [[:d:Q160362|Q160362]]
| [[Theophrastus]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;-371&quot; | -371
| data-sort-value=&quot;-287&quot; | -287
| [[botanika]]
| [[Talaksan:Teofrasto Orto botanico head.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 7
| [[:d:Q78496|Q78496]]
| [[Konrad Lorenz]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1903&quot; | 1903-11-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1989&quot; | 1989-02-27
| [[etolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilosopiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Konrad Lorenz.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 8
| [[:d:Q462843|Q462843]]
| [[Tu Youyou]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1930&quot; | 1930-12-30
| 
| [[parmakolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[tradisyonal na panggagamot na Tsino]]
| [[Talaksan:D810 4987 Tu Youyou, medicine (22945001843) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 9
| [[:d:Q199654|Q199654]]
| [[Barbara McClintock]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1902&quot; | 1902-06-16
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992-09-02
| [[henetika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cytogenetics]]
| [[Talaksan:Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) shown in her laboratory in 1947.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 10
| [[:d:Q102034|Q102034]]
| [[Ronald Ross]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1857&quot; | 1857-05-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1932&quot; | 1932-09-16
| [[parasitolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[epidemiyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Ronald Ross.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 11
| [[:d:Q60059|Q60059]]
| [[Albertus Magnus]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1200&quot; | 1200
| data-sort-value=&quot;1280&quot; | 1280-11-15
| [[pilosopiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Tommaso da modena, ritratti di domenicani (vescovo) 1352 150cm, treviso, ex convento di san niccolò, sala del capitolo.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 12
| [[:d:Q229264|Q229264]]
| [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1707&quot; | 1707-09-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1788&quot; | 1788-04-15&lt;br/&gt;1788-04-16
| [[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[political arithmetic]]
| [[Talaksan:François Hubert Drouais - Portrait of Buffon.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 13
| [[:d:Q25820|Q25820]]
| [[Thomas Young]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1773&quot; | 1773-06-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1829&quot; | 1829-05-10
| [[pisika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mekanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[lingguwistika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[agham ng mga materyal]]
| [[Talaksan:Thomas Young by Briggs.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 14
| [[:d:Q7426|Q7426]]
| [[Ada Yonath]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1939&quot; | 1939-06-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;2026&quot; | 2026-08-31
| [[kristalograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ribosoma]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiyang estruktural]]
| [[Talaksan:Ada E. Yonath.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 15
| [[:d:Q173441|Q173441]]
| [[Abu Abdullah Muhammad al-Idrisi al-Qurtubi al-Hasani as-Sabti]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1110&quot; | 1110
| data-sort-value=&quot;1166&quot; | 1166&lt;br/&gt;1165
| [[kartograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[paglalakbay]]
| [[Talaksan:Al-Idrisi, Sayr mulhimah min al-Sharq wa-al-Gharb.png|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 16
| [[:d:Q70554|Q70554]]
| [[Emil Fischer]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1852&quot; | 1852-10-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1919&quot; | 1919-07-15
| [[kimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Hermann Emil Fischer. Photograph by Atelier Victoria, 1895. Wellcome V0027668 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 17
| [[:d:Q213195|Q213195]]
| [[B.F. Skinner]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1904&quot; | 1904-03-20
| data-sort-value=&quot;1990&quot; | 1990-08-18
| [[sikolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[behavioral analytics]]
| [[Talaksan:B.F. Skinner at Harvard circa 1950 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 18
| [[:d:Q204733|Q204733]]
| [[Gerty Cori]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1896&quot; | 1896-08-15
| data-sort-value=&quot;1957&quot; | 1957-10-26
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]
| [[Talaksan:Gerty Theresa Cori.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 19
| [[:d:Q214565|Q214565]]
| [[Beatrix Potter]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1866&quot; | 1866-07-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-12-22
| 
| [[Talaksan:Beatrix Potter by King cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 20
| [[:d:Q107402|Q107402]]
| [[Rosalyn Sussman Yalow]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1921&quot; | 1921-07-19
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-05-30
| [[biyopisika]]
| [[Talaksan:Rosalyn Yalow.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 21
| [[:d:Q35703|Q35703]]
| [[Gertrude B. Elion]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1918&quot; | 1918-01-23
| data-sort-value=&quot;1999&quot; | 1999-02-21
| [[parmakolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Gertrude Elion (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 22
| [[:d:Q151564|Q151564]]
| [[Frederick Sanger]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1918&quot; | 1918-08-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-11-19
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Frederick Sanger2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 23
| [[:d:Q60024|Q60024]]
| [[Hermann von Helmholtz]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1821&quot; | 1821-08-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;1894&quot; | 1894-09-08
| [[pisika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[sikolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Hermann von Helmholtz.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 24
| [[:d:Q84405|Q84405]]
| [[Karl Landsteiner]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1868&quot; | 1868-06-14
| data-sort-value=&quot;1943&quot; | 1943-06-26
| [[kimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Karl Landsteiner nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 25
| [[:d:Q103844|Q103844]]
| [[Françoise Barré-Sinoussi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-07-30
| 
| [[birolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-1.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 26
| [[:d:Q185777|Q185777]]
| [[Alexis Carrel]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1873&quot; | 1873-06-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-11-05
| [[Pag-oopera|pagtistis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pathophysiology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[vascular surgery]]
| [[Talaksan:Alexis Carrel 1912.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 27
| [[:d:Q318750|Q318750]]
| [[Stephen Hillenburg]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-08-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;2018&quot; | 2018-11-26
| [[biyolohiyang pandagat]]&lt;br/&gt;[[animasyon]]&lt;br/&gt;[[komiks]]
| [[Talaksan:Stephen Hillenburg by Carlos Cazurro.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 28
| [[:d:Q180468|Q180468]]
| [[Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrápolt]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1893&quot; | 1893-09-16
| data-sort-value=&quot;1986&quot; | 1986-10-22
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Albert Szent-Györgyi.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 29
| [[:d:Q200136|Q200136]]
| [[Linda B. Buck]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-01-29
| 
| [[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[neurosiyensiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Linda Buck 2015 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 30
| [[:d:Q154824|Q154824]]
| [[Norman Borlaug]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1914&quot; | 1914-03-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;2009&quot; | 2009-09-12
| [[agronomiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Norman Borlaug.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 31
| [[:d:Q26321|Q26321]]
| [[Elizabeth Blackburn]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1948&quot; | 1948-11-26
| 
| [[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[cytogenetics]]
| [[Talaksan:Elizabeth Blackburn CHF Heritage Day 2012 Rush 001.JPG|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 32
| [[:d:Q26322|Q26322]]
| [[Carol Greider]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-04-15
| 
| [[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[henetika]]
| [[Talaksan:GREIDER Carol 2014 - Less vignetting.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 33
| [[:d:Q43917|Q43917]]
| [[Eduard Buchner]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1860&quot; | 1860-05-20
| data-sort-value=&quot;1917&quot; | 1917-08-13
| [[kimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Eduardbuchner.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 34
| [[:d:Q234224|Q234224]]
| [[Dian Fossey]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1932&quot; | 1932-01-16
| data-sort-value=&quot;1985&quot; | 1985-12-26
| [[etolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Dian Fossey October 1968.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 35
| [[:d:Q150630|Q150630]]
| [[Camillo Golgi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843-07-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926-01-21
| [[malarya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[histolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[anatomiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[patolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[agham]]
| [[Talaksan:Camillo Golgi nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 36
| [[:d:Q17280087|Q17280087]]
| [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-12-11
| 
| [[mikrobiyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[henetika]]
| [[Talaksan:Emmanuelle Charpentier.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 37
| [[:d:Q80905|Q80905]]
| [[Donald Arthur Glaser]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926-09-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-02-28
| [[pisika]]
| [[Talaksan:Donald Glaser.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 38
| [[:d:Q177681|Q177681]]
| [[Thomas Hunt Morgan]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1866&quot; | 1866-09-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-12-04
| [[henetika]]
| [[Talaksan:Thomas Hunt Morgan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 39
| [[:d:Q102804|Q102804]]
| [[Henri Moissan]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1852&quot; | 1852-09-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1907&quot; | 1907-02-20
| [[kimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Henri Moissan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 40
| [[:d:Q153159|Q153159]]
| [[Elias Lönnrot]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1802&quot; | 1802-04-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1884&quot; | 1884-03-19
| [[lingguwistika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[etnograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[botanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[collecting]]&lt;br/&gt;[[panitikan]]
| [[Talaksan:Elias Lönnrot portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 41
| [[:d:Q180350|Q180350]]
| [[Frederick Banting]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1891&quot; | 1891-11-14
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-02-21
| [[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[parmakolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Fredrick banting.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 42
| [[:d:Q14279|Q14279]]
| [[Giovanni Domenico Cassini]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1625&quot; | 1625-06-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1712&quot; | 1712-09-14
| [[astronomiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Giovanni Domenico Cassini.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 43
| [[:d:Q4273363|Q4273363]]
| [[Frances Arnold]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1956&quot; | 1956-07-25
| 
| [[inhinyeriyang pangkimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biocatalysis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[protein engineering]]&lt;br/&gt;[[synthetic biology]]
| [[Talaksan:Frances Arnold in 2021 at Caltech 01 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 44
| [[:d:Q107462|Q107462]]
| [[Har Gobind Khorana]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1922&quot; | 1922-01-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-11-09
| [[biyolohiyang molekular]]
| [[Talaksan:Har Gobind Khorana.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 45
| [[:d:Q15118973|Q15118973]]
| [[Aziz Sancar]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1946&quot; | 1946-09-08
| 
| [[DNA repair]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Siklo ng selula|cell cycle]]&lt;br/&gt;[[circadian rhythm]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[DNA]]
| [[Talaksan:Aziz Sancar 0060.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 46
| [[:d:Q60061|Q60061]]
| [[Venkatraman Ramakrishnan]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-04-04
| 
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[computational biology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiyang molekular]]
| [[Talaksan:Venki Ramakrishnan.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 47
| [[:d:Q16196017|Q16196017]]
| [[Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1965&quot; | 1965-03-03
| 
| [[community health]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kalusugang pampubliko]]&lt;br/&gt;[[international organization]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Pangangalagang pangkalusugan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[health administration]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mikrobiyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[politika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Patakarang panlabas]]
| [[Talaksan:Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus September 2025.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 48
| [[:d:Q189488|Q189488]]
| [[Willem Einthoven]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1860&quot; | 1860-05-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1927&quot; | 1927-09-29
| [[pisyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Portrait of W. (Willem) Einthoven, professor of Physiology and Histology at Leiden University Icones 332.tiff|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 49
| [[:d:Q231402|Q231402]]
| [[Jacques Monod]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1910&quot; | 1910-02-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;1976&quot; | 1976-05-31
| [[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kontrasepsiyon]]
| [[Talaksan:Jacques Monod 1971.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 50
| [[:d:Q8056214|Q8056214]]
| [[Yoshinori Ohsumi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-02-09
| 
| [[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[autophagy]]
| [[Talaksan:Nobel Laureates 7428 (30679389523) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 51
| [[:d:Q104913|Q104913]]
| [[Robert Edwards]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1925&quot; | 1925-09-27
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-04-10
| [[reproductive medicine]]
| [[Talaksan:Robert Geoffrey Edwards (2010).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 52
| [[:d:Q189006|Q189006]]
| [[Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1845&quot; | 1845-06-18
| data-sort-value=&quot;1922&quot; | 1922-05-18
| [[malarya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]
| [[Talaksan:Charles Laveran nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 53
| [[:d:Q191026|Q191026]]
| [[Francis Galton]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1822&quot; | 1822-02-16
| data-sort-value=&quot;1911&quot; | 1911-01-17
| [[Teorya ng probabilidad|probability theory]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Antropolohiya|agham-tao]]
| [[Talaksan:Sir Francis Galton, 1890s.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 54
| [[:d:Q88608397|Q88608397]]
| [[Katalin Karikó]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955-01-17
| 
| [[messenger RNA]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Katalin Karikó at the United States Embassy Sweden, 2023 Nobel Reception (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 55
| [[:d:Q6796222|Q6796222]]
| [[May-Britt Moser]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1963&quot; | 1963-01-04
| 
| [[neurosiyensiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[grid neuron]]
| [[Talaksan:May-Britt Moser (20902423978) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 56
| [[:d:Q296047|Q296047]]
| [[Sam Harris]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1967&quot; | 1967-04-09
| 
| [[neurosiyensiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[moralidad]]&lt;br/&gt;[[etika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mindfulness]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[creative and professional writing]]&lt;br/&gt;[[criticism of religion]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Blog]]&lt;br/&gt;[[podcast show]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Meditasyon|pagninilay]]
| [[Talaksan:Sam Harris 2016 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 57
| [[:d:Q214851|Q214851]]
| [[Charles Richet]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1850&quot; | 1850-08-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;1935&quot; | 1935-12-04
| [[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[allergology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[anapilaksis]]&lt;br/&gt;[[human physiology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[sikolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Esperanto]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ewhenesya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Parasikolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[creative and professional writing]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Tuluyan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Drama]]
| [[Talaksan:Charles Robert Richet nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 58
| [[:d:Q5327|Q5327]]
| [[Adolf Butenandt]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1903&quot; | 1903-03-24
| data-sort-value=&quot;1995&quot; | 1995-01-18
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kimikang organiko]]
| [[Talaksan:Bad Schachen Porträt; Adolf Butenandt - W134Nr.020182c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 59
| [[:d:Q125057|Q125057]]
| [[Richard Francis Burton]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1821&quot; | 1821-03-19
| data-sort-value=&quot;1890&quot; | 1890-10-20
| 
| [[Talaksan:Richard Francis Burton by Rischgitz, 1864.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 60
| [[:d:Q12973|Q12973]]
| [[Leopold III of Belgium]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1901&quot; | 1901-11-03
| data-sort-value=&quot;1983&quot; | 1983-09-25
| 
| [[Talaksan:Leopold III (1934).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 61
| [[:d:Q189564|Q189564]]
| [[Pierre Teilhard de Chardin]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1881&quot; | 1881-05-01
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955-04-10
| [[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[teolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pastoral care]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Antropolohiya|agham-tao]]&lt;br/&gt;[[philosophical anthropology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Christian philosophy]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:TeilhardP 1955.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 62
| [[:d:Q232308|Q232308]]
| [[Selman Abraham Waksman]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1888&quot; | 1888-07-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973-08-16
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mikrobiyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Selman Waksman NYWTS.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 63
| [[:d:Q77174|Q77174]]
| [[Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1942&quot; | 1942-10-20
| 
| [[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[genetic research]]&lt;br/&gt;[[developmental biology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[embriyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard mg 4372 cropped.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 64
| [[:d:Q234463|Q234463]]
| [[Sydney Brenner]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1927&quot; | 1927-01-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-04-05
| [[biyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Sydney Brenner OIST 2008 (33208371153) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 65
| [[:d:Q106399|Q106399]]
| [[John Howard Northrop]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1891&quot; | 1891-07-05
| data-sort-value=&quot;1987&quot; | 1987-05-27
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:John Howard Northrop.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 66
| [[:d:Q76727|Q76727]]
| [[Ernst Jünger]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1895&quot; | 1895-03-29
| data-sort-value=&quot;1998&quot; | 1998-02-17
| [[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Panitikang Aleman]]&lt;br/&gt;[[entomolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Ernst Jünger vers 1920 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 67
| [[:d:Q55008046|Q55008046]]
| [[Albert I of Belgium]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1875&quot; | 1875-04-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1934&quot; | 1934-02-17
| 
| [[Talaksan:Albert I Koning der Belgen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 68
| [[:d:Q92894|Q92894]]
| [[Geoffrey Hinton]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-12-06
| 
| [[deep learning]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pagkatuto ng makina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[neurosiyensiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[artificial neural network]]&lt;br/&gt;[[applied psychology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[artipisyal na katalinuhan]]
| [[Talaksan:Geoffrey Hinton in 2026.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 69
| [[:d:Q316371|Q316371]]
| [[Vladimir Vernadsky]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1863&quot; | 1863-02-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1945&quot; | 1945-01-06
| [[heolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kristalograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mineralohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[geochemistry]]&lt;br/&gt;[[radiogeology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biogeochemistry]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[history of geology]]
| [[Talaksan:1934-V I Vernadsky.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 70
| [[:d:Q211029|Q211029]]
| [[Edward O. Wilson]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1929&quot; | 1929-06-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;2021&quot; | 2021-12-26
| [[myrmecology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[sociobiology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[natural science]]&lt;br/&gt;[[soolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[entomolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Saribuhay|biodiversity]]&lt;br/&gt;[[animal ecology]]
| [[Talaksan:Edward O. Wilson, 2003 (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 71
| [[:d:Q170342|Q170342]]
| [[Svante Pääbo]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1955&quot; | 1955-04-20
| 
| [[paleogenetics]]&lt;br/&gt;[[evolutionary anthropology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[human evolutionary genetics]]&lt;br/&gt;[[henetika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Biyolohiyang ebolutiba|ebolusyonaryong biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[evolutionary genetics]]
| [[Talaksan:Professor Svante Paabo ForMemRS (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 72
| [[:d:Q115490|Q115490]]
| [[Tadeusz Reichstein]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1897&quot; | 1897-07-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1996&quot; | 1996-08-01
| 
| [[Talaksan:Thadeus Reichstein ETH-Bib Portr 10137.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 73
| [[:d:Q154782|Q154782]]
| [[Adelbert von Chamisso]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1781&quot; | 1781-01-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1838&quot; | 1838-08-21
| [[botanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[soolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Chamisso Adelbert von 1781-1838.png|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 74
| [[:d:Q213504|Q213504]]
| [[Charles Scott Sherrington]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1857&quot; | 1857-11-27
| data-sort-value=&quot;1952&quot; | 1952-03-04
| [[neurobiology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[histolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bakteryolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[patolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Prof. Charles Scott Sherrington.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 75
| [[:d:Q49347|Q49347]]
| [[Melvin Calvin]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1911&quot; | 1911-04-08
| data-sort-value=&quot;1997&quot; | 1997-01-08
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Melvin Calvin.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 76
| [[:d:Q211787|Q211787]]
| [[Jules Bordet]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1870&quot; | 1870-06-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1961&quot; | 1961-04-06
| [[mikrobiyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]&lt;br/&gt;[[bakteryolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[immunology]]
| [[Talaksan:Jules Bordet nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 77
| [[:d:Q75847|Q75847]]
| [[Harald zur Hausen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1936&quot; | 1936-03-11
| data-sort-value=&quot;2023&quot; | 2023-05-29
| [[birolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Harald zur Hausen 01.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 78
| [[:d:Q57192|Q57192]]
| [[Gerhard Domagk]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1895&quot; | 1895-10-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;1964&quot; | 1964-04-24
| [[patolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Gerhard Domagk nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 79
| [[:d:Q233965|Q233965]]
| [[Charles Nicolle]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1866&quot; | 1866-09-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1936&quot; | 1936-02-28
| [[bakteryolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Charles Jules Henri Nicolle. Photograph. Wellcome V0026919.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 80
| [[:d:Q7442|Q7442]]
| [[Carolyn Bertozzi]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1966&quot; | 1966-10-10
| 
| [[kimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[glycobiology]]
| [[Talaksan:Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 81
| [[:d:Q58575|Q58575]]
| [[Friedrich Wöhler]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1800&quot; | 1800-07-31
| data-sort-value=&quot;1882&quot; | 1882-09-23
| [[kimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Friedrich Wöhler Litho.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 82
| [[:d:Q157224|Q157224]]
| [[Kary Mullis]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1944&quot; | 1944-12-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-08-07
| [[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Kary Mullis.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 83
| [[:d:Q157056|Q157056]]
| [[Samuel Hahnemann]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1755&quot; | 1755-04-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1843&quot; | 1843-07-02
| [[homeopatiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Samuel Hahnemann 1841.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 84
| [[:d:Q78478|Q78478]]
| [[Robert Bárány]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1876&quot; | 1876-04-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;1936&quot; | 1936-04-08
| [[otolaryngology]]
| [[Talaksan:Robert Bárány av Lars Emil Finn.png|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 85
| [[:d:Q155764|Q155764]]
| [[Robert Brown]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1773&quot; | 1773-12-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1858&quot; | 1858-06-10
| [[botanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya ng halaman]]&lt;br/&gt;[[:Kategorya:Lumot]]&lt;br/&gt;[[mikroskopiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Robert brown botaniker.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 86
| [[:d:Q57191|Q57191]]
| [[Hans Krebs]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1900&quot; | 1900-08-25
| data-sort-value=&quot;1981&quot; | 1981-11-22
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Hans Adolf Krebs.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 87
| [[:d:Q102379|Q102379]]
| [[Paul Berg]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1926&quot; | 1926-06-30
| data-sort-value=&quot;2023&quot; | 2023-02-15
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Paul Berg in 1980.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 88
| [[:d:Q170676|Q170676]]
| [[Roger D. Kornberg]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1947&quot; | 1947-04-24
| 
| [[biyolohiyang estruktural]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Roger Kornberg April 2016.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 89
| [[:d:Q205772|Q205772]]
| [[Jared Diamond]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1937&quot; | 1937-09-10
| 
| [[ekolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Biyolohiyang ebolutiba|ebolusyonaryong biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biogeography]]
| [[Talaksan:Jared Diamond author academic.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 90
| [[:d:Q218311|Q218311]]
| [[François Jacob]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1920&quot; | 1920-06-17
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-04-20
| [[mikrobiyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:François Jacob nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 91
| [[:d:Q234590|Q234590]]
| [[Christian de Duve]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1917&quot; | 1917-10-02
| data-sort-value=&quot;2013&quot; | 2013-05-04
| [[biyolohiyang pangselula]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:Christian de Duve.tif|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 92
| [[:d:Q76576|Q76576]]
| [[Friedrich Schleiermacher]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1768&quot; | 1768-11-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1834&quot; | 1834-02-12
| [[teolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[etika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Diyalektika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pedagohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilosopiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[hermeneutics]]
| [[Talaksan:Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 93
| [[:d:Q73093|Q73093]]
| [[Paul Karrer]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1889&quot; | 1889-04-21
| data-sort-value=&quot;1971&quot; | 1971-06-18
| [[kimikang organiko]]
| [[Talaksan:UAZ DOK.005.059 Karrer.tif|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 94
| [[:d:Q189803|Q189803]]
| [[Arthur Harden]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1865&quot; | 1865-10-12
| data-sort-value=&quot;1940&quot; | 1940-06-17
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:ArthurHarden.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 95
| [[:d:Q202136|Q202136]]
| [[Barry Marshall]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1951&quot; | 1951-09-30
| 
| [[mikrobiyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Barry J Marshall.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 96
| [[:d:Q76600|Q76600]]
| [[Manfred Eigen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1927&quot; | 1927-05-09
| data-sort-value=&quot;2019&quot; | 2019-02-06
| [[biyopisika]]
| [[Talaksan:Eigen,Manfred 1996 Göttingen.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 97
| [[:d:Q105830|Q105830]]
| [[Baruch Samuel Blumberg]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1925&quot; | 1925-07-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;2011&quot; | 2011-04-05
| [[birolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Baruch Samuel Blumberg by Tom Trower (NASA) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 98
| [[:d:Q180619|Q180619]]
| [[Stephen Jay Gould]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1941&quot; | 1941-09-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;2002&quot; | 2002-05-20
| [[paleontolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[kasaysayan ng agham]]&lt;br/&gt;[[ebolusyon]]
| [[Talaksan:Stephen Jay Gould.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 99
| [[:d:Q104607|Q104607]]
| [[Andrew Huxley]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1917&quot; | 1917-11-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;2012&quot; | 2012-05-30
| [[pisyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Andrew Fielding Huxley nobel.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 100
| [[:d:Q155375|Q155375]]
| [[Archibald Hill]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1886&quot; | 1886-09-26
| data-sort-value=&quot;1977&quot; | 1977-06-03
| [[pisyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Archibald Vivian Hill.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 101
| [[:d:Q232024|Q232024]]
| [[John James Rickard Macleod]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1876&quot; | 1876-09-06
| data-sort-value=&quot;1935&quot; | 1935-03-16
| [[pisyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[medisina]]
| [[Talaksan:J.J.R. Macleod ca. 1928.png|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 102
| [[:d:Q59478|Q59478]]
| [[George Gamow]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1904&quot; | 1904-03-04
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-08-19
| [[Pisikang teoretikal|theoretical physics]]&lt;br/&gt;[[astropisika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pisikang nuklear]]&lt;br/&gt;[[physical cosmology]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[literary activity]]&lt;br/&gt;[[scientific literature]]&lt;br/&gt;[[popular science literature]]&lt;br/&gt;[[children's and young adult literature]]
| [[Talaksan:格·安·伽莫夫.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 103
| [[:d:Q137106|Q137106]]
| [[Howard Florey]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1898&quot; | 1898-09-24
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-02-21
| 
| [[Talaksan:Howard Walter Florey 1945.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 104
| [[:d:Q157239|Q157239]]
| [[Artturi Ilmari Virtanen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1895&quot; | 1895-01-15
| data-sort-value=&quot;1973&quot; | 1973-11-11
| [[biyokimika]]
| [[Talaksan:A-I-Virtanen-portrait.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 105
| [[:d:Q158749|Q158749]]
| [[Albert Lebrun]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1871&quot; | 1871-08-29
| data-sort-value=&quot;1950&quot; | 1950-03-06
| [[politika]]
| [[Talaksan:Albert Lebrun 1932 (2).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 106
| [[:d:Q188668|Q188668]]
| [[Thom Yorke]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1968&quot; | 1968-10-07
| 
| 
| [[Talaksan:AllPointsEastAug2022 (327 of 385) (52327062411) (cropped) (cropped).jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 107
| [[:d:Q122972|Q122972]]
| [[Louis Agassiz]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1807&quot; | 1807-05-28
| data-sort-value=&quot;1873&quot; | 1873-12-14
| [[botanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Glasyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Iktiyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Louis Agassiz H6.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 108
| [[:d:Q155914|Q155914]]
| [[Peter Simon Pallas]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1741&quot; | 1741-09-22
| data-sort-value=&quot;1811&quot; | 1811-09-08
| [[soolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[botanika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[heolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[etnograpiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[pilolohiya]]
| [[Talaksan:Peter Simon Pallas. Stipple engraving by A. Tardieu after hi Wellcome V0004437.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 109
| [[:d:Q218575|Q218575]]
| [[Percival Lowell]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1855&quot; | 1855-03-13
| data-sort-value=&quot;1916&quot; | 1916-11-12
| [[astronomiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[matematika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[entrepreneurship]]&lt;br/&gt;[[diplomasya]]
| [[Talaksan:Percival Lowell 1900s2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 110
| [[:d:Q234949|Q234949]]
| [[David Baltimore]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1938&quot; | 1938-03-07
| data-sort-value=&quot;2025&quot; | 2025-09-06
| [[biyokimika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiyang molekular]]&lt;br/&gt;[[birolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[biyolohiya]]&lt;br/&gt;[[henetika]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Inhenyeriyang henetiko]]
| [[Talaksan:Dr. David Baltimore2 crop2.jpg|center|128px]]
|-
| style='text-align:right'| 111
| [[:d:Q151593|Q151593]]
| [[Olivier Messiaen]]
| data-sort-value=&quot;1908&quot; | 1908-12-10
| data-sort-value=&quot;1992&quot; | 1992-04-27
| 
| [[Talaksan:Lezing Franse compoist Olivier Messiaen in Koninklijk Conservatorium in Den Haa, Bestanddeelnr 933-8262.jpg|center|128px]]
|}
----
&amp;sum; 111 items.
{{Wikidata list end}}</text>
      <sha1>hasly0vjoxu8vh5el8r9569t79bgtp1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>287068</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241101</id>
      <parentid>2238450</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:40:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>49557</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-46 */ bagong seksiyon</comment>
      <origin>2241101</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="661227" sha1="ldx9zgzc7b1etz2i8mxorebmzryqxq8" xml:space="preserve">Mabuhay!

'''Mabuhay!'''

Magandang araw, Tagasalinero, at [[Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!|maligayang pagdating]] sa Wikipedia! Salamat sa iyong mga ambag. Sana ay magustuhan mo at manatili ka sa websayt na ito. Ito ay isang talaan ng mga pahina na sa tingin ko ay makatutulong sa iyo:
{|align=&quot;right&quot;
|{{Pamayanan}}
|}
*[[Wikipedia:Patungkol|Tungkol sa Wikipedia]]
*[[Wikipedia:Mga patakaran at panuntunan|Mga patakaran at panuntunan]]
*[[Wikipedia:Paano baguhin ang isang pahina|Paano baguhin ang isang pahina]]
*[[Wikipedia:Paano magsimula ng pahina|Paano magsimula ng pahina]]
*[[Wikipedia:Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo|Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]]
*[[Wikipedia:Mga malimit itanong|Mga Karaniwang Tinatanong (FAQ)]]
*[[Wikipedia:Tulong|Pahinang nagbibigay ng tulong]]
*[[Wikipedia:Paanyayang nalilimbag|Pang-anyaya para sa iba pang ibig maging Wikipedista]]
*'''For non-Tagalog speakers:''' ''you may leave messages and seek assistance at our''  [[Wikipedia:Help for Non-Tagalog Speakers]].

Sana ay malibang ka sa pagbabago ng mga artikulo at pagiging isang [[Wikipedia:Mga Wikipedista|Wikipedista]]! Maaari ninyo pong ilagda ang inyong pangalan sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng apat na tildes (&lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;); ito ay automatikong maglalagay ng pangalan at petsa. Kung kailangan mo ng tulong, maaari kang pumunta sa [[Wikipedia:Konsultasyon]], tanungin mo ako sa aking pahinang pang-usapan, o ilagay ang &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Template:Saklolo|saklolo]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; sa iyong pahinang pang-usapan at isang Wikipedista ang madaling lalabas upang sagutin ang iyong mga tanong. Huwag rin ninyo pong makalimutang [[Wikipedia:Talaang pampanauhin para sa mga bagong tagagamit|lumagda sa ating talaang pampanauhin (''guestbook'')]]. Muli, mabuhay!{{#if:|&lt;br&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{#ifeq:|di-kilala|Kami ay totoong nagpapasalamat nang higit dahil sa iyong mga naiiambag. Ngunit mariing hinihikayat ka naming [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutan] upang:

#madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista.
#makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda.
#mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang.
#kilalanin ang mga boto.
#maitago ang iyong direksyong IP, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim.

Muli, salamat, at mariin ka pa rin naming hinihikayat na [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutang pampatnugot] para sa kabutihan ng Wikipedia, ng sarili mo, at ng lahat.}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina namin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#0000FF&quot;&gt;Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo-di-kilala|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina namin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin. Kapagka handa ka nang tumulong sa totoong makakapagpabuting layunin ng Wikipedia, hinihikayat ka naming tumala upang [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&amp;type=signup makagawa ng isang panagutan pampatnugot] upang:

#madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista.
#makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda.
#mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang.
#kilalanin ang mga boto.
#maitago ang iyong direksyong IP, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim.

Muli, mariin naming hinihingi ang iyong pagtulong at pagtala sa Wikipedia.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=#0000FF&gt;Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;}}}}
----
&lt;center&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;small&gt;
[[Image:Crystal_Clear_app_email.png|25px]]
[[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasada]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasciata]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassad]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassade]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Botschaft]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embaixada]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embajada]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embassy]]
· [[Wikipedia:Embahada|大使館]]
&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/center&gt;
[[Tagagamit:JWilz12345|JWilz12345]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:JWilz12345|makipag-usap]]) 09:29, 25 Abril 2019 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kitniyot]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Kitniyot''' (Hebrew: קִטְנִיּוֹת‎, qitniyyot) is a Hebrew word meaning legumes. During the Passover holiday, however, the word kitniyot takes on a broader meaning to include grains and seeds such as rice, corn, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, soybeans, peas, and lentils, in addition to legumes.

According to Orthodox Ashkenazi and some Sephardic customs, Kitniyot may not be eaten during Passover. Although Reform and Conservative Ashkenazi Judaism currently allow for the consumption of Kitniyot during Passover, long-standing tradition in these and other communities is to abstain from their consumption. According to Torat Eretz Yisrael and Minhagei Eretz Yisrael, any Jew worldwide, regardless of origin, and despite the practice of their forefathers, may eat kitniyot on Passover, for it is a practice rejected as an unnecessary precaution by Halachic authorities as early as the time of its emergence. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Hiling ng pagsalin ng mga artikulo ==

Magandang araw {{ping|Tagasalinero}} ! Kung naaayon sa iyong skedyul, pakihanay ang mga sumusunod na artikulong hiniling ni [[:wikidata:User:A2D2]] sa [[:wikidata:User talk:JWilz12345|aking talkpage]] sa Wikidata:

* [[:en:Baku TV Tower]]
* [[:en:Telephone numbers in Azerbaijan]]
* [[:en:Energy in Azerbaijan]]

Paumanhin kung naaabala ko ang iyong isinasaling artikulo, pero dahil ang pokus ko ay sa mga [[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|mga lungsod sa DR Congo]] (at sa susunod, ilan pang mga lungsod sa iba pang mga bansa, dagdag pa ang ginagawa kong pagaambag sa mga &quot;road-related articles&quot; dito. At isa pa, ang pagpalya ng &quot;ContentTranslation&quot; tool sa aking mobile browser, di-ko alam kung dahil sa pagbabawal ng mobile service provider ko o hindi sumusuporta sa mga phone browsers. Hindi naman kailangang imadali ang mga ito, total sinasabi parati ng mga admins na &quot;walang deadline sa pag-eedit sa Wikipedia, sa anumang language versions.&quot; Muli, humihiling lang ako na ihanay o isama mo ang mga nasabing enwiki na artikulo sa mga isasalin mo.

Gayunpaman, gusto kong gamitin ang oportunidad na bukas ka sa pag-iimprove sa ilang mga inambag kong mga artkulo. Maraming salamat! :-) [[Tagagamit:JWilz12345|JWilz12345]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:JWilz12345|makipag-usap]]) 09:25, 25 Abril 2019 (UTC)

:Magandang araw {{ping|JWilz12345}} at maraming salamat sa pagtanggap sa akin! Isasama ko ang mga artikulo sa aking listahan. :-) [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 17:05, 25 Abril 2019 (UTC)

::Magandang araw ulit {{ping|JWilz12345}}! Sa wakas, natapos ko ang tatlong artikulo. :-) Narito ang mga kawing para sa iyong pagsusuri:
::*[[Tore ng Baku TV]]
::*[[Mga numero ng telepono sa Aserbayan]]
::*[[Enerhiya sa Aserbayan]]  

::Disclaimer lang: hindi ko nailagay ang infobox sa ikalawang artikulo dahil wala pa ang format sa ating wiki, pero naisama naman ang mga ibang bahagi. [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 07:43, 10 Mayo 2019 (UTC)

:::{{ping|Tagasalinero}} Maraming salamat sa iyong tulong! Nawa'y patuloy ang iyong pag-aambag dito sa tlwiki. :-) [[Tagagamit:JWilz12345|JWilz12345]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:JWilz12345|makipag-usap]]) 13:07, 11 Mayo 2019 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jaflong]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jaflong Sylhet.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Jaflong''' is a hill station and tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests. Jaflong is known for its stone collections and is home of the Khasi tribe 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Banana flour]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Starr-180106-1562-Prosopis pallida-Waianae Gold kiawe flour for banana muffins-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (40290422231).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Banana flour''' is a powder traditionally made of green bananas. Historically, banana flour has been used in Africa and Jamaica as a cheaper alternative to wheat flour. It is now often used as a gluten-free replacement for wheat flours or as a source of resistant starch, which has been promoted by certain dieting trends such as paleo and primal diets and by some recent nutritional research. Banana flour, due to the use of green bananas, has a very mild banana flavor raw, and when cooked, it has an earthy, nonbanana flavor; it also has a texture reminiscent of lighter wheat flours and requires about 25% less volume, making it a good replacement for white and white whole-wheat flour. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Old Sugar Mill of Koloa]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Kauai-old-sugar-mill-Koloa-chimney.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Old Sugar Mill of Kōloa''' was part of the first commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaiʻi, which was founded in Kōloa on the island of Kauai in 1835 by Ladd &amp; Company. This was the beginning of what would become Hawaii's largest industry. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. A stone chimney and foundations remain from 1840. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Helicopter 66]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:SH-3D Sea King of HS-4 recovers Apollo 11 astronaut on 24 July 1969.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Helicopter 66''' is a United States Navy Sikorsky Sea King helicopter used during the late 1960s for the water recovery of astronauts during the Apollo program. It has been called &quot;one of the most famous, or at least most iconic, helicopters in history&quot;, was the subject of a 1969 song by Manuela and was made into a die-cast model by Dinky Toys. In addition to its work in support of NASA, Helicopter 66 also transported the Shah of Iran during his 1973 visit to the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk.

Helicopter 66 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1967 and formed part of the inventory of U.S. Navy Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Four for the duration of its active life. Among its pilots during this period was Donald S. Jones, who would go on to command the United States Third Fleet. Later re-numbered Helicopter 740, the aircraft crashed in the Pacific Ocean in 1975 during a training exercise. At the time of its crash, it had logged more than 3,200 hours of service. 
&lt;/span&gt;

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[:pt:O Que É que a Baiana Tem?]]) &lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Carmen Miranda, Banana da Terra 1939.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''O que é que a baiana tem?''''' is a song composed by Dorival Caymmi in 1939 and recorded by Carmen Miranda. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Expedition to Lapland]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Carolus Linnaeus by Hendrik Hollander 1853.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Expedition to Lapland''', the northernmost region in Sweden, by Carl Linnaeus in 1732 was an important part of his scientific career.

Linnaeus departed from Uppsala and travelled clockwise around the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia over the course of six months, making major inland incursions from Umeå, Luleå and Tornio. His observations became the basis of his book Flora Lapponica (1737) in which Linnaeus’ ideas about nomenclature and classification were first used in a practical way.[2] Linnaeus kept a journal of his expedition which was first published posthumously as an English translation called Lachesis Lapponica: A Tour in Lapland (1811). 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karin Bergöö Larsson]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Karin-Bergoo.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Karin Larsson, née Bergöö''', (3 October 1859 – 18 February 1928) was a Swedish artist and designer who collaborated with her husband, Carl Larsson, as well as being often depicted in his paintings. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:National Historic Sites of Canada]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''National Historic Sites of Canada''' (French: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being of national historic significance 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hewing]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Northeim 2005-09-17 Fachwerk-05.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
In woodworking, '''hewing''' is the process of converting a log from its rounded natural form into lumber (timber) with more or less flat surfaces using primarily an axe. It is an ancient method, and before the advent of the industrial-era type of sawmills, it was a standard way of squaring up wooden beams for timber framing. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Belgian government in exile]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Hubert Pierlot and Robert Sturges.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Belgian government in London''' (French: Gouvernement belge à Londres, Dutch: Belgische regering in Londen), also known as the Pierlot IV Government, was the government in exile of Belgium between October 1940 and September 1944 during World War II. The government was tripartite, involving ministers from the Catholic, Liberal and Labour Parties. After the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany in May 1940, the Belgian government, under Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot, fled first to Bordeaux in France and then to London, where it established itself as the only legitimate representation of Belgium to the Allies. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 04:07, 8 Hulyo 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Philippine space program]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:ABS-3 (Agila-2).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''space program of the Philippines''' is decentralized and is maintained by various agencies of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There is no dedicated space agency to oversee the country's space program and is funded through the National SPACE Development Program by the DOST. Early Philippine initiatives in space technology has been led by private firms although in the recent years the government has played a more active role.

The Philippines has been involved in space technology since the 1960s, when the government built an Earth satellite receiving station by the administration of then-President Ferdinand Marcos. It was also during the latter part of this period that a Filipino private firm acquired the country's first satellite, Agila-1 which was launched as an Indonesian satellite. In the 1990s, Mabuhay had Agila 2 launched to space from China.

In the 2010s, the Philippine government partnered with the Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities of Japan to launch the first satellite designed by Filipinos, Diwata-1. Diwata-1 is a microsatellite. The government was able to develop and send two more small-scale satellites, Diwata-2 and Maya-1. A centralized space agency has been proposed in the legislature to address funding and management issue faced by the country's space program. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]01:50, 15 Hulyo 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Free Solo]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''Free Solo''''' is a 2018 American documentary film about climbing El Capitan in Yosemite. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]02:19, 22 Hulyo 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sevastopol Naval Base]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:ru:Севастопольская военно-морская база]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; 

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Aleksandrovets&amp;Muromets2005Sevastopol.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Sevastopol Naval Base''' (Russian: Севастопольская военно-морская база; Ukrainian: Севастопольська військово-морська база) is a naval base located in Sevastopol, on disputed Crimean peninsula. It is a base of the Russian Navy and the main base of the Black Sea Fleet. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:05, 29 Hulyo 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chugach State Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Parque estatal Chugach, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 77.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Chugach State Park''' covers 495,204 acres (2,004 square kilometers) immediately east of the Anchorage Bowl in south-central Alaska. Though primarily in the Municipality of Anchorage, a small portion of the park north of the Eklutna Lake area in the vicinity of Pioneer Peak lies within the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. Established by legislation signed into law on August 6, 1970, by Alaska Governor Keith Miller, this state park was created to provide recreational opportunities, protect the scenic value of the Chugach Mountains and other geographic features, and ensure the safety of the water supply for Anchorage. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:20, 5 Agosto 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Visby City Wall]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Visby ringmur östra delen norrut.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Visby City Wall''' (Swedish: Visby ringmur, sometimes Visby stadsmur) is a medieval defensive wall surrounding the Swedish town of Visby on the island of Gotland. As the strongest, most extensive, and best preserved medieval city wall in Scandinavia, the wall forms an important and integral part of Visby World Heritage Site.

Built in two stages during the 13th and 14th century, approximately 3.44 km (2.14 mi) of its original 3.6 km (2.2 mi) still stands. Of the 29 large and 22 smaller towers, 27 large and 9 small remain. A number of houses that predate the wall were incorporated within it during one of the two phases of construction. During the 18th century, fortifications were added to the wall in several places and some of the towers rebuilt to accommodate cannons. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 12 Agosto 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Duesenberg Model A]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:1923 Duesenberg Model A Rubay Touring p1.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Duesenberg Model A''' was the first automobile in series production to have hydraulic brakes and the first automobile in series production in the United States with a straight-eight engine. Officially known as the Duesenberg Straight Eight, the Model A was first shown in late 1920 in New York City. Production was delayed by substantial changes to the design of the car, including a change in the engine valvetrain from horizontal overhead valves to an overhead camshaft; also during this time, the company had moved its headquarters and factory from New Jersey to Indiana. The Model A was manufactured in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 to 1925 by the Duesenberg Automobiles and Motors Company and from 1925 to 1926 at the same factory by the restructured Duesenberg Motor Company. The successors to the company began referring to the car as the Model A when the Model J was introduced. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:16, 26 Agosto 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Gladys Kalema Zikusoka.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka''' (born 8 January 1970) is a Ugandan veterinarian and founder of Conservation Through Public Health, an organisation dedicated to the coexistence of endangered mountain gorillas, other wildlife, humans, and livestock in Africa. She was Uganda's first wildlife veterinary officer and was the star of the BBC documentary, Gladys the African Vet. In 2009 she won the Whitley Gold Award for her conservation work. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:16, 2 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Community Insights Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Share your experience in this survey'''

Hi {{PAGENAME}},

The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with {{SITENAME}} and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes  to '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0pSrrkJAKVRXPpj?Target=CI2019List(asiawps,act3) give your feedback through this survey]'''.  It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights_2019_Survey_Privacy_Statement governed by this privacy statement] (in English).

Find [[m:Community Insights/Frequent questions|more information about this project]]. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely,
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:RMaung (WMF)|RMaung (WMF)]] 14:22, 6 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bat as food]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bats for eating in Laos.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Bats are a food''' source for humans in the Pacific Rim and Asia. Bats are consumed in various amounts in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Guam, and in other Asian and Pacific Rim countries and cultures. In Guam, Mariana fruit bats (Pteropus mariannus) are considered a delicacy, and a flying fox bat species was made endangered due to being hunted there. In addition to being hunted as a food source for humans, bats are also hunted for their skins. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:11, 9 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Reminder: Community Insights Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Share your experience in this survey'''

Hi {{PAGENAME}},

A couple of weeks ago, we invited you to take the Community Insights Survey. It is the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual survey of our global communities. We want to learn how well we support your work on wiki. We are 10% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! '''Your voice matters to us.'''

Please take 15 to 25 minutes  to '''[https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_0pSrrkJAKVRXPpj?Target=CI2019List(asiawps,act3) give your feedback through this survey]'''.  It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Insights_2019_Survey_Privacy_Statement governed by this privacy statement] (in English).

Find [[m:Community Insights/Frequent questions|more information about this project]]. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely,
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:RMaung (WMF)|RMaung (WMF)]] 15:06, 20 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sand-Covered Church]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Nordenskirker_Skagen(26).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Sand-Covered Church''' (Danish: Den Tilsandede Kirke, also translated as The Buried Church, and also known as Old Skagen Church) is the name given to a late 14th-century church dedicated to Saint Lawrence of Rome. It was a brick church of considerable size, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the town centre of Skagen, Denmark. During the last half of the 18th century the church was partially buried by sand from nearby dunes; the congregation had to dig out the entrance each time a service was to be held. The struggle to keep the church free of sand lasted until 1795, when it was abandoned 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:23, 23 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-40 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Penal system in China]]'''&lt;/span&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''penal system in China''' is mostly composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of mid 2015, it is reported prisoners held in prisons managed by Ministry of Justice is 1,649,804, result in a population rate of 118 per 100,000. Detainees in Ministry of Public Security facilities is 650,000 as of 2009, which combined would result in a population rate of 164 per 100,000. China also retained the use of death penalty with the approval right reserved to the Supreme People's Court, and have a system of death penalty with reprieve where the sentence is suspended unless the convicted commit another major crime within two years while detained. There are discussion urging increased use of community correction, and debate are ongoing to have Ministry of Justice oversee administrative detainees as well to prevent police from having too much power. &lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:01, 30 Setyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christchurch Town Hall]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Christchurch Town Hall''', since 2007 formally known as the Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, opened in 1972, is Christchurch, New Zealand's premier performing arts centre. It is located in the central city on the banks of the Avon River overlooking Victoria Square, opposite the former location of the demolished Christchurch Convention Centre. Due to significant damage sustained during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, it was closed until 2019. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:48, 14 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Garlic production in China]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:2005garlic.PNG|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Garlic production in China''' is significant to the worldwide garlic industry, as China provides 80% of the total world production and is the leading exporter. Following China, other significant garlic producers include India (5% of world production) and Bangladesh (1%). As of 2016, China produced 21 million tonnes annually. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:47, 21 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:115 Antioch earthquake]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''115 Antioch earthquake''' occurred on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Antioch and surrounding areas were devastated with a great loss of life and property. It triggered a local tsunami that badly damaged the harbour at Caesarea Maritima. The Roman Emperor Trajan was caught in the earthquake, as was his successor Hadrian. Although the consul Marcus Pedo Vergilianus was killed, they escaped with only slight injuries and later began a program to rebuild the city. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:05, 28 Oktubre 2019 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jigokudani Monkey Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;''([[:ja:地獄谷野猿公苑]]) ''&lt;/small&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Jigokudani Monkey Park''' is located in Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Joshinetsu Kogen National Park (locally known as Shigakogen), and is located in the valley of the Yokoyu-River, in the northern part of the prefecture. The name Jigokudani, meaning &quot;Hell's Valley&quot;, is due to the steam and boiling water that bubbles out of small crevices in the frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidably cold and hostile forests. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:16, 4 Nobyembre 2019 (UTC)''
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== Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2019 ==

[[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|right|250px]]
Hello Tagasalinero,

Inaanyahan kita na sumali sa patimpalak na [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2019|'''Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2019''']] na naglalayong mapabuti ang mga artikulong may kinalaman sa Asya (tao, lugar, kultura atbp.). Ito ay kasalukuyang nagaganap sa buong buwan ng Nobyembre 2019. Maari kang makatanggap ng postkard mula sa isang pangkat pang-Wikimedia kapag nakalikha ka ng apat na artikulo. Basahin ang mga patakaran at mekaniks [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2019#Mga patakaran|'''dito'''.]]

Pindutin ang buton na ito upang makasali sa patimpalak: 
{{Clickable button 2|Magpatala na|url=https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buwan_na_Pang-Asya_sa_Wikipedia/2019/Mga_kalahok&amp;action=edit|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kapag nakatala ka na,
{{Clickable button 2|Isumite ang kontribusyon|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/asian-month-2019-tl|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kung may mga tanong tungkol dito, sabihan lamang sa [[Usapang Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2019|'''pahinang usapan ng patimpalak'''.]]

Maligayang paglikha ng mga pang-Asyang artikulo sa Wikipediang Tagalog. 

--[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 03:41, 4 Nobyembre 2019 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Blautopf]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Blaubeuren Blautopf 20180804 02.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Blautopf''' (German for Blue pot; &quot;blau&quot; means blue, &quot;Topf&quot; means pot) is a spring that serves as the source of the river Blau in the karst landscape on the Swabian Jura's southern edge, in Southern Germany. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:52, 11 Nobyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Quonset hut]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Quonset.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
A '''Quonset hut''' is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States, based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hundreds of thousands were produced during World War II. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:57, 18 Nobyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Electric match]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Exploding E match collage.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
An '''electric match''' is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound. Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:47, 25 Nobyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fetoscopy]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Intervention par foetoscopie1.png|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Fetoscopy''' is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy (tissue sample) or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels (such as chorioangioma) or the treatment of spina bifid. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:36, 2 Disyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:New Brighton Pier]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:New Brighton Pier during the sunset, Christchurch, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
There have been two '''New Brighton Piers''' in New Brighton, New Zealand. The first pier, of wooden construction, opened on 18 January 1894 and was demolished on 12 October 1965. The current concrete pier was opened on 1 November 1997. It is one of the icons of Christchurch. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:57, 9 Disyembre 2019 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Topi]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) female.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''topi''' (''Damaliscus lunatus jimela'') is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. They are found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 05:11, 16 Disyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Niassodon]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Niassodon.tif|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''Niassodon''''' is an extinct genus of kingoriid dicynodont therapsid known from the Late Permian of Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. It contains a single species, ''Niassodon mfumukasi''. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:08, 23 Disyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-01 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:German Central Library for the Blind]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Leipzig Deutsche Zentralbuecherei fuer Blinde.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''German Central Library for the Blind''' (German: Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde), abbreviated DZB, is a public library for the visually impaired located in the city of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. Its collection of 72,300 titles is amongst the largest in the German speaking countries. The institution consists of a lending library, a publishing house, and a research center for barrier-free communication. It also has production facilities for braille books, audiobooks, and braille music. The DZB publishes about 250 new titles annually. Founded in 1894, the DZB is the oldest library for the blind in Germany. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 30 Disyembre 2019 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Крымский мост (Москва)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Krymsky Bridge]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; 
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Moscow 05-2017 img13 Krymsky Bridge.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Krymsky Bridge''' or Crimean Bridge is a steel suspension bridge in Moscow. The bridge spans the Moskva River 1,800 metres south-west from the Kremlin and carries the Garden Ring across the river. The bridge links the Crimean Square to the north with Krymsky Val street to the south. The nearby Moscow Metro stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Genovese sauce]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Genovesesauce.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Genovese sauce''' is a rich, onion-based pasta sauce from the region of Campania, Italy. Likely introduced to Naples from the northern Italian city of Genoa during the Renaissance, it has since become famous in Campania and forgotten elsewhere. The sauce is unusual for the long preparation time used to soften and flavor the onions. 
&lt;/span&gt;

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Patanga succincta]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Patanga succincta (40890841064).jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''Patanga succincta''''', the Bombay locust, is a species of locust found in India and southeast Asia. It is usually a solitary insect, and it is only in India that it has exhibited swarming behaviour. The last plague of this locust was in that country between 1901 and 1908 and there have not been any swarms since 1927. It is thought that the behaviour of the insects has altered because of changing practices in agricultural land use. 
&lt;/span&gt;

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Flapper]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:The flapper - glass slide - 1920.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''The Flapper''''' is a 1920 American silent comedy film starring Olive Thomas. Directed by Alan Crosland, the film was the first in the United States to portray the &quot;flapper&quot; lifestyle, which would become a cultural craze or fad in the 1920s. 
&lt;/span&gt;

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-14 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Three Sisters (Alberta)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Three Sisters from Police Creek.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''The Three Sisters''' are a trio of peaks near Canmore, Alberta, Canada. They are known individually as Big Sister, Middle Sister and Little Sister. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:41, 30 Marso 2020 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cloth facemask]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Coronalijer (Rumag) protective mask, Oude Pekela (2020) 01.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
A '''cloth facemask''' is a mask made of common textiles worn over the mouth and nose. Unlike surgical masks and respirators such as N95 masks, they are not subject to regulation, and there is currently little research or guidance on their effectiveness as a protective measure against infectious disease transmission or particulate air pollution. They were routinely used by healthcare workers from the mid 19th century until the mid 20th century. In the 1960s they fell out of use in the developed world in favor of modern surgical masks, but their use has persisted in developing countries. During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, their use in developed countries was revived as a last resort due to shortages of surgical masks and respirators. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:As-Nas]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:گنجفه.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''As-Nas''' (آس ناس) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia. The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. As-Nas date back to the 17th century, and at that time a 25-card pack was used, with 5 suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. Cards from the 19th century with the classic As-Nas designs can be found in various museum collections. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pour le piano]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Debussy - Sarabande from Pour le piano.ogg|300px|center|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''Pour le piano''''' (For the piano), L. 95, is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy. It consists of three individually composed movements, Prélude, Sarabande and Toccata. The suite was completed and published in 1901. It was premiered on 11 January 1902 at the Salle Érard, played by Ricardo Viñes. Maurice Ravel orchestrated the middle movement 
&lt;/span&gt;

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----
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== Wikipedia PH Month: A Call for Collaboration ==
Hi!

[[File:WIKIPEDIA PH Month.png|right|250px]]
'''[[:meta:Wikipedia Philippine Month|Wikipedia Philippine Month]]''' or simply '''Wikipedia PH Month''' is a monthly online event inspired by [[:meta:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] that aims to promote Philippine content in Philippine Wikipedia editions and beyond. Each participating local community runs a monthly online edit-a-thon, which promotes the creation or improvement of the Wikipedia content about a particular group or [[:en:Ethnic groups in the Philippines|groups of people in the Philippines]] and the region they represent. The participating community is not limited to the Philippines. This activity also aims to encourage collaboration among Filipino contributors within the archipelago and in the diaspora and to create linkages among Filipino and non-Filipino contributors who support the main objective.

If you have any thoughts about this project, kindly share it in the talk page. --[[Tagagamit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Filipinayzd|makipag-usap]]) 19:43, 27 Abril 2020 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:F. Percy Smith]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Frank Percy Smith''' (12 January 1880–24 March 1945) was a British naturalist and early nature documentary pioneer working for Charles Urban, where he pioneered the use of time-lapse and microcinematography. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bernwood Forest]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bernwood Forest - geograph.org.uk - 1730158.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Bernwood Forest''' was one of several forests of the ancient Kingdom of England and was a Royal hunting forest. It is thought to have been set aside as Royal hunting land when the Anglo-Saxon kings had a palace at Brill and church in Oakley, in the 10th century and was a particularly favoured place of Edward the Confessor, who was born in nearby Islip. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:June Almeida]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''June Dalziel Almeida''' (5 October 1930 – 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. (...) She succeeded in identifying viruses that were previously unknown, including—in 1966—a group of viruses that was later named coronavirus. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:06, 18 Mayo 2020 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Siilinjärvi carbonatite]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 
Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Siilinjärvi Särkijärvi pit.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Siilinjärvi carbonatite''' complex is located in central Finland close to the city of Kuopio. It is named after the nearby village of Siilinjärvi, located approximately 5 km west of the southern extension of the complex. Siilinjärvi is the second largest carbonatite complex in Finland after the Sokli formation, and one of the oldest carbonatites on Earth at 2610±4 Ma. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Castle of the Pico]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Castello dei Pico]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; 

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Castello Pico, Mirandola.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Castle of the Pico''' (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy. Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Garúa]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Reserva Nacional Lomas de Lachay, Huaral, Lima, Perú 01.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Garúa''' is a Spanish word meaning drizzle or mist. Although used in other contexts in the Spanish-speaking world, garúa most importantly refers to the moist cold fog that blankets the coasts of Peru and northern Chile, especially during the southern hemisphere winter. Garúa is called Camanchaca in Chile. Garúa brings mild temperatures and high humidity to a tropical coastal desert. It also provides moisture from fog and mist to a nearly-rainless region and permits the existence of vegetated fog oases, called lomas.

While fog and drizzle are common in many coastal areas around the world, the prevalence and persistence of garúa and its impact on climate and the environment make it unique 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:49, 8 Hunyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Te Araroa Trail]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Te_Araroa_logo_sign.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Te Araroa''' (The Long Pathway) is New Zealand's long distance tramping route, stretching circa 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) along the length of the country's two main islands from Cape Reinga to Bluff. It is made up of a mixture of older tracks and walkways, new tracks, and link sections alongside roads. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:21, 15 Hunyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Vessel (structure)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Hudson Yards Plaza March 2019 18.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Vessel''' (TKA) is a structure and landmark which was built as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Construction began in April 2017; it opened on March 15, 2019. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:42, 22 Hunyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Punt (boat)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Boats on the river Cam.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
A '''punt''' is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt. The punter generally propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. A punt should not be confused with a gondola, a shallow draft vessel that is structurally different, and which is propelled by an oar rather than a pole. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:21, 29 Hunyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== WPWP Campaign ==

Maraming salamat sa paglahok sa WPWP Campaign. Pakatandaan na maaari ring gamitin ang mga larawang mula sa mga lahok sa Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Monuments at iba pang kahalintulad na mga patimpalak. -[[Tagagamit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Filipinayzd|makipag-usap]]) 13:33, 1 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)

:Salamat sa paalala. Susubukan kong gumamit ng mga ganoong larawan. [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 22:11, 1 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Cobbler]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ben Arthur, Arrochar Alps, Scotland 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''The Cobbler''' (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Artair) is a mountain of 884 metres (2,900 ft) height located near the head of Loch Long in Scotland. Although only a Corbett, it is &quot;one of the most impressive summits in the Southern Highlands&quot; 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:06, 6 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Pagpapabatid ng salinwika: VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July ==

Kumusta Tagasalinero,

Natanggap mo ang pagpapabatid na ito dahil nagpatala ka bilang isang tagapagsalinwika sa Tagalog doon sa Meta.
Makukuha ang pahinang [[:metawikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July]] para sa pagsasalinwika. Maisasalinwika mo ito rito:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-VisualEditor%2FNewsletter%2F2020%2FJuly&amp;language=tl&amp;action=page isalinwika upang maging Tagalog]


Ang huling araw para sa pagsasalinwika ng pahinang ito ay the end of this week.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Talagang ikinalulugod ang iyong pagtulong. Ang mga tagapagsalinwikang katulad mo ay nakakatulong sa Meta  upang tumakbo 
bilang isang tunay na pamayanan ng maramihang mga wika.

Salamat sa iyo!

Mga koordinador sa pagsasalinwika ng Meta&amp;lrm;, 20:26, 6 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)
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== Pagpapabatid ng salinwika: Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee/Charter ==

Kumusta Tagasalinero,

Natanggap mo ang pagpapabatid na ito dahil nagpatala ka bilang isang tagapagsalinwika sa Tagalog doon sa Meta.
Makukuha ang pahinang [[:metawikipedia:Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee/Charter|Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee/Charter]] para sa pagsasalinwika. Maisasalinwika mo ito rito:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Trust+and+Safety%2FCase+Review+Committee%2FCharter&amp;language=tl&amp;action=page isalinwika upang maging Tagalog]

Ang dapat na unahin sa pahinang ito ay ang gitnang sukat.


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Talagang ikinalulugod ang iyong pagtulong. Ang mga tagapagsalinwikang katulad mo ay nakakatulong sa Meta  upang tumakbo 
bilang isang tunay na pamayanan ng maramihang mga wika.

Salamat sa iyo!

Mga koordinador sa pagsasalinwika ng Meta&amp;lrm;, 08:33, 8 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:nl:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:zh:珂若蘭·愛達·安姆琪]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; 

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Coraline Ada Ehmke.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Coraline Ada Ehmke''' is a software developer and open source advocate based in Chicago, Illinois. She began her career as a web developer in 1994 and has worked in a variety of industries, including engineering, consulting, education, advertising, healthcare, and software development infrastructure. She is known for her work in Ruby, and in 2016 earned the Ruby Hero award at RailsConf, a conference for Ruby on Rails developers. She is also known for her social justice work and activism, the creation of Contributor Covenant, and promoting the widespread adoption of codes of conduct for open source projects and communities. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:12, 13 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Amabie]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Higo Amabie.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Amabie''' (アマビエ) is a legendary Japanese mermaid or merman with three legs, who allegedly emerges from the sea and prophesies either an abundant harvest or an epidemic. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:12, 20 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Pagpapabatid ng salinwika: Tech/News/2020/32 ==

Kumusta Tagasalinero,

Natanggap mo ang pagpapabatid na ito dahil nagpatala ka bilang isang tagapagsalinwika sa Tagalog doon sa Meta.
Makukuha ang pahinang [[:metawikipedia:Tech/News/2020/32|Tech/News/2020/32]] para sa pagsasalinwika. Maisasalinwika mo ito rito:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FNews%2F2020%2F32&amp;language=tl&amp;action=page isalinwika upang maging Tagalog]


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Talagang ikinalulugod ang iyong pagtulong. Ang mga tagapagsalinwikang katulad mo ay nakakatulong sa Meta  upang tumakbo 
bilang isang tunay na pamayanan ng maramihang mga wika.

Salamat sa iyo!

Mga koordinador sa pagsasalinwika ng Meta&amp;lrm;, 05:26, 31 Hulyo 2020 (UTC)
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== rekomendasyon ==
Hello, kaibigan! Ako po ay baguhan pa lamang sa larangan nag pagsusulat dito. Ano po ba ang mga karampatang rekomendasyon ang iyong maibibigay para maisayos ko pa ang aking mga ambag? Maraming salamat po. — [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/77.96.40.169|77.96.40.169]] 19:36, 1 Agosto 2020 (UTC)
:Hi kaibigan {{ping|77.96.40.169}}! Masaya ako na naging interesado ka sa pag-ambag sa Wikipediang Tagalog. Sana'y masiyahan ka rito. Sa tingin ko makatutulong itong mga artikulo: [[Wikipedia:Mga kumbensiyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]] at [[Wikipedia:Mga gabay sa estilo sa paglalathala]] — pero una sa lahat, 'wag mahiyang [[Wikipedia:Maging mangahas|gumawa ng pagbabago]]. Padayon! [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 21:08, 1 Agosto 2020 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning &quot;little ones&quot;. It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as &quot;endemic&quot;. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:28, 3 Agosto 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning &quot;little ones&quot;. It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as &quot;endemic&quot;. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 05:24, 3 Agosto 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:HelloFresh]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:es:HelloFresh]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; 

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''HelloFresh''' SE is an international publicly traded meal-kit company based in Berlin, Germany. It is the largest meal-kit provider in the United States, and also has operations in Canada, Western Europe (including Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands), New Zealand and Australia. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:08, 10 Agosto 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Pagpapabatid ng salinwika: Tech/Server switch 2020 ==

Kumusta Tagasalinero,

Natanggap mo ang pagpapabatid na ito dahil nagpatala ka bilang isang tagapagsalinwika sa Tagalog doon sa Meta.
Makukuha ang pahinang [[:metawikipedia:Tech/Server switch 2020|Tech/Server switch 2020]] para sa pagsasalinwika. Maisasalinwika mo ito rito:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=tl&amp;action=page isalinwika upang maging Tagalog]

Ang dapat na unahin sa pahinang ito ay ang gitnang sukat.


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Talagang ikinalulugod ang iyong pagtulong. Ang mga tagapagsalinwikang katulad mo ay nakakatulong sa Meta  upang tumakbo 
bilang isang tunay na pamayanan ng maramihang mga wika.

Salamat sa iyo!

Mga koordinador sa pagsasalinwika ng Meta&amp;lrm;, 13:02, 15 Agosto 2020 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:GRS 1915+105]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Merlin-GRS1915.gif|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''GRS 1915+105''' or V1487 Aquilae is an X-ray binary star system which features a regular star and a black hole. It was discovered on August 15, 1992 by the WATCH all-sky monitor aboard Granat. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:13, 17 Agosto 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trick film]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Le Chaudron infernal (1903).webm|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
In the early history of cinema, '''trick films''' were short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:06, 31 Agosto 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Margerie Glacier]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Glaciar Margerie, Parque Nacional Bahía del Glaciar, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-19, DD 33.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Margerie Glacier''' is a 21 mi (34 km) long tidewater glacier in Glacier Bay, Alaska, United States within the boundaries of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The glacier begins on the southern slopes of Mount Root, elevation 12,860 feet (3,920 m), on the Alaska–Canada border flowing southeast down the valley, then turning to the northeast toward its terminus in Tarr Inlet. Margerie Glacier is one of the most active and frequently-visited glaciers in Glacier Bay, which was declared a National Monument in 1925, a National Park and Preserve in 1980, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 1986 and a World Heritage Site in 1992. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:06, 7 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 14 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 09:09, 14 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cradleboard]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cradleboard.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Cradleboards''' (Cheyenne: pâhoešestôtse, Northern Sami: gietkka, Skolt Sami: ǩiõtkâm) are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America and throughout northern Scandinavia amongst the Sámi. There are a variety of styles of cradleboard, reflecting the diverse artisan practises of indigenous cultures. Some indigenous communities in North America still use cradleboards. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 21 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as &quot;White Fawn&quot;, the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:17, 28 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as &quot;White Fawn&quot;, the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 05:42, 28 Setyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Arctic ice pack]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Une partie de l'hémisphère nord de la Terre avec la banquise, nuage, étoile et localisation de la station météo en Alert.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Arctic ice pack''' is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:10, 12 Oktubre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Layshaft]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Gearbox (Autocar Handbook, 13th ed, 1935).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
A '''layshaft''' is an intermediate shaft within a gearbox that carries gears, but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox either in or out of the gearbox. Layshafts are best known through their use in car gearboxes, where they were a ubiquitous part of the rear-wheel drive layout. With the shift to front-wheel drive, the use of layshafts is now rarer. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:21, 19 Oktubre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Daisy (advertisement)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Daisy (1964).webm|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
&quot;'''Daisy'''&quot;, sometimes known as &quot;Daisy Girl&quot; or &quot;Peace, Little Girl&quot;, was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though only officially aired once by the campaign, it is considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:33, 26 Oktubre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Panitik ==

I occasionaly encounter &quot;panitik na XYZ&quot;. This seems to be a rarely used word that means more like the act of writing, so panitik na Burmes = Burmese writing, correct? Would it be safe to correct all of these instances to sulat? --[[Tagagamit:Glennznl|Glennznl]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Glennznl|makipag-usap]]) 12:14, 1 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)
:Yes, {{ping|Glennznl}}, it would be safe and preferable. Thank you! [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 18:16, 1 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;''([[:zh:中環及灣仔填海計劃]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; 

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation aerial view 2018.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Central and Wan Chai Reclamation''' is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway &amp; Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:39, 2 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2020 ==

[[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|right|250px]]
Hello Tagasalinero,

Inaanyahan kita na sumali sa patimpalak na [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2020|'''Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2020''']] na naglalayong mapabuti ang mga artikulong may kinalaman sa Asya (tao, lugar, kultura atbp.). Ito ay kasalukuyang nagaganap sa buong buwan ng Nobyembre 2020. Maari kang makatanggap ng postkard mula sa isang pangkat pang-Wikimedia kapag nakalikha ka ng apat na artikulo. Basahin ang mga patakaran at mekaniks [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2020#Mga patakaran|'''dito'''.]]

Pindutin ang buton na ito upang makasali sa patimpalak: 
{{Clickable button 2|Magpatala na|url=https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buwan_na_Pang-Asya_sa_Wikipedia/2020/Mga_kalahok&amp;action=edit|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kapag nakatala ka na,
{{Clickable button 2|Isumite ang kontribusyon|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/asian-month-2020-tl|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kung may mga tanong tungkol dito, sabihan lamang sa [[Usapang Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2020|'''pahinang usapan ng patimpalak'''.]]

Maligayang paglikha ng mga pang-Asyang artikulo sa Wikipediang Tagalog. 

--[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 13:14, 2 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)

==Mabuhay==

Kay Gat [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]], binabati po namin kayo. Wikipidista rin ako mula noong 2007, karamihan ang mga ginagawa ay pagsasalin. - [[Tagagamit:Delfindakila|Delfindakila]]
:Magandang gabi {{ping|Delfindakila}} at mabuhay po tayo! [[Tagagamit:Tagasalinero|Tagasalinero]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Tagasalinero|makipag-usap]]) 14:19, 3 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)
::Sana magkita-kita tayo. :) - [[Tagagamit:Delfindakila|Delfindakila]]

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2001 Kunlun earthquake]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''2001 Kunlun earthquake''' also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region. With a magnitude of 7.8 Mw it was the most powerful earthquake in China for 5 decades. No casualties were reported, presumably due to the very low population density and the lack of high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surface rupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:06, 9 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:George C. Stoney]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''George Cashel Stoney''' (July 1, 1916 – July 12, 2012) was an American documentary filmmaker, an educator, and the &quot;father of public-access television.&quot; Among his films were All My Babies (1953), How the Myth Was Made (1979) and The Uprising of '34 (1995). All My Babies was entered into the National Film Registry in 2002 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 16 November 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Acids in wine]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''acids in wine''' are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine. They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria. During the course of winemaking and in the finished wines, acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly found in vinegar, which is volatile and can contribute to the wine fault known as volatile acidity. Sometimes, additional acids, such as ascorbic, sorbic and sulfurous acids, are used in winemaking. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 04:03, 23 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ludu Daw Amar]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ludu Daw Amar portrait.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Ludu Daw Amar''' (also Ludu Daw Ah Mar; Burmese: လူထုဒေါ်အမာ, pronounced [lùdṵ dɔ̀ ʔəmà]; 29 November 1915 – 7 April 2008) was a well known and respected leading dissident writer and journalist in Mandalay, Burma. She was married to fellow writer and journalist Ludu U Hla and was the mother of popular writer Nyi Pu Lay. She is best known for her outspoken anti-government views and radical left wing journalism besides her outstanding work on traditional Burmese arts, theatre, dance and music, and several works of translation from English, both fiction and non-fiction. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:47, 30 Nobyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Maraming salamat sa paglahok mo sa [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2020|Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2020]] ==

{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Asia medal.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Maraming salamat sa pagsumite ng mga lahok!'''
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|100px]]
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; |  ''Congrats'', natanggap ang anim na lahok mo sa patimpalak. Ayon sa patakaran, makakatanggap ka ng postkard na iproproseso ng internasyunal na pangkat ng ''Wikipedia Asian Month''. Gayundin, binabati kita dahil natanggap din ang apat na lahok mo sa subkompetisyon na [[:meta:WikiUral|WikiUral]]. Makakatanggap ka din ng postkard sa subkompetisyon na ito. Antabayan mo lamang ang mga ito. Kapag tila natatagalan ang mga punong tagapag-organisa ng mga patimpalak na ito, ako mismo ang magpa-''follow-up'' sa kanila.  Nawa'y naging maganda ang iyong karanasan sa mga patimpalak na ito. Kung may mga katanungan ka, huwag kang mag-atubiling magbigay ng mensahe sa aking [[Usapang tagagamit:Jojit fb|pahina ng usapan]]. Muli, maraming salamat at nawa'y magpatuloy kang mag-ambag ng mataas na kalidad na artikulo dito sa Wikipediang Tagalog. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 01:54, 2 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)
|}

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sistema Ox Bel Ha]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Sistema Ox Bel Ha''' (from Mayan meaning &quot;Three Paths of Water&quot;; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the longest explored underwater cave in the world and ranks fourth including dry caves. As of May 2017 the surveyed length is 270.2 kilometers (167.9 mi) of underwater passages. There are more than 140 cenotes in the system. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:50, 7 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Merlion Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Merlion statue, Merlion Park, Singapore - 20110723.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Merlion Park''' is a Singaporean landmark and a major tourist attraction located in the Downtown Core district of Singapore, near its Central Business District (CBD). 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:08, 21 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-53 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Azov-Syvash National Nature Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:О. Куюк-Тук - 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Azov-Syvash National Nature Park''' is a national park of Ukraine, located on Byriuchyi island in the northwestern Azov Sea. The park was created to protect the unique coastal environment of the northwestern Azov. It is particularly important as a stop on the flyway for migratory birds, with over a million birds visiting each year. It is located in Henichesk Raion of Kherson Oblast in Ukraine. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 28 Disyembre 2020 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Postcard ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|120px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]]
Dear Participants, Jury members and Organizers,

Congratulations!

It's Wikipedia Asian Month's honor to have you all participated in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020, the sixth Wikipedia Asian Month. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the Wikipedia Asian Month International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2020. Please kindly fill '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSftK0OwA_f1ZVtCULlyi4bKU9w2Z7QfW4Y_1v9ltdTIFKFcXQ/viewform the form]''', let the postcard can send to you asap! 

* This form will be closed at February 15.
* For tracking the progress of postcard delivery, please check '''[[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organizers and jury members|this page]]'''.

Cheers!

Thank you and best regards,

[[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020/Team#International_Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.01&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-01 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Waimakariri River]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Waimakariri03 gobeirne.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Waimakariri River''' is one of the largest rivers in Canterbury, on the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows for 151 kilometres (94 mi) in a generally southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Pacific Ocean. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:56, 4 Enero 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Postcard ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|120px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]]
Dear Participants and Organizers,

Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for Wikipedia Asian Month postcard 15/02/2021 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSftK0OwA_f1ZVtCULlyi4bKU9w2Z7QfW4Y_1v9ltdTIFKFcXQ/viewform Google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Postcards and Certification|wait for the postcard and tracking emails]].

Cheers!

Thank you and best regards,

[[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.01
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Simon von Stampfer]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Simon Stampfer Litho.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Simon Ritter von Stampfer''' (26 October 1792 (according to other sources 1790)), in Windisch-Mattrai, Archbishopric of Salzburg today called Matrei in Osttirol, Tyrol – 10 November 1864 in Vienna) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. His most famous invention is that of the stroboscopic disk which has a claim to be the first device to show moving images. Almost simultaneously similar devices were produced independently in Belgium (the phenakistiskop), and Britain (the Dædaleum, years later to appear as the Zoetrope). 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:44, 11 Enero 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (born 1938) is a former South African anti-apartheid activist. She was the first recipient of the Women's Award for exceptional national service. She is the last living leader of the Women's March. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Craigieburn Range]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:View from Foggy Peak to Craigieburn Range, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
The '''Craigieburn Range''' forms part of the Southern Alps in New Zealand's South Island. The range is located on the south banks of the Waimakariri River, south of Arthur's Pass and west of State Highway 73. The Craigieburn locality is adjacent to the Craigieburn Forest Park. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-05 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karoly Grosz (illustrator)]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frankenstein (1931) by Karoly Grosz - detail from teaser poster.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Karoly Grosz''' (1896–after 1938) was a Hungarian–American illustrator of Classical Hollywood–era film posters. As art director at Universal Pictures for the bulk of the 1930s, Grosz oversaw the company's advertising campaigns and contributed hundreds of his own illustrations. He is especially recognized for his dramatic, colorful posters for classic horror films. Grosz's best-known posters advertised early Universal Classic Monsters films such as Dracula (1931), Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Beyond the horror genre, his other notable designs include posters for the epic war film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936). 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zambezi National Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Victoria Falls 2012 05 24 1629 (7421900826).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Zambezi National Park''' is a national park located upstream from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe. It was split off from Victoria Falls National Park in 1979 and is 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) in size. The park is bisected by a road to Kazungula, dividing it into a riverine side and a Chamabonda Vlei side. Most of the park is within the ecoregion of Zambezian and Mopane woodlands, while a small portion in the south is within the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zambezi National Park]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Victoria Falls 2012 05 24 1629 (7421900826).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Zambezi National Park''' is a national park located upstream from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe. It was split off from Victoria Falls National Park in 1979 and is 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) in size. The park is bisected by a road to Kazungula, dividing it into a riverine side and a Chamabonda Vlei side. Most of the park is within the ecoregion of Zambezian and Mopane woodlands, while a small portion in the south is within the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Princes Road Synagogue]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:The Synagogue of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation - geograph.org.uk - 1703408 crop.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Princes Road Synagogue''', located in Toxteth, Liverpool in England, is the home of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation. It was founded in the late 1860s, designed by William James Audsley and George Ashdown Audsley and consecrated on 2 September 1874. It is widely regarded as the finest example of the Moorish Revival style of synagogue architecture in Great Britain 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; padding:2px;&quot;
! &lt;div style=&quot;margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;&quot;&gt; &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;
The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bust Of Jatindra Mohan Sengupta in JM Sen hall crop.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;span style=&quot;text-align:left;&gt;
'''Jatindra Mohan Sengupta''' (1885 – 1933) was an Indian revolutionary against the British rule. He studied law at Downing College, Cambridge, UK. In India, he started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the Indian National Congress and participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favour of his political commitment. He was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison in Ranchi, India.

Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific Deshpriya or Deshapriya, meaning &quot;beloved of the country&quot;. In many criminal cases he defended the nationalist revolutionaries in the court and saved them from the gallows. In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Sengupta and his wife, Nellie. 
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Eukaryotic translation]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Eukaryotic translation''' is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hotel National, Moscow]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:Hotel National Moscow.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Hotel National, Moscow''' (Russian: гости́ница «Националь») is a five-star hotel in Moscow, Russia, opened in 1903. It has 202 bedrooms and 56 suites and is located on Manege Square, directly across from The Kremlin. The hotel is managed by The Luxury Collection, a division of Marriott International. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kefermarkt altarpiece]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:Kefermarkt Kirche Flügelaltar Schrein 01.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Kefermarkt altarpiece''' (German: Kefermarkter Flügelaltar) is an altarpiece in Late Gothic style in the parish church in Kefermarkt, Upper Austria. It was commissioned by the knight Christoph von Zellking and is estimated as finished in 1497. The richly decorated wooden altarpiece depicts the saints Peter, Wolfgang and Christopher in its central section. The side panels depict scenes from the life of Mary, and the altarpiece also has an intricate superstructure and two side figures showing saints George and Florian. The identity of its maker is unknown, but at least two skilled sculptors appear to have created the main statuary of the altarpiece. Throughout the centuries, the altarpiece has been altered and lost its original paint and gilding. A major restoration was made in the 19th century under the leadership of writer Adalbert Stifter. The altarpiece has been described as &quot;one of the greatest achievements in late-medieval sculpture in the German-speaking area.&quot; 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jharia coalfield]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jharia coalfield''' is the largest coal reserve in India having an estimated reserve of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal. The field is located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand. The fields have suffered a coal bed fire since at least 1916, resulting in 37 millions tons of coal consumed by the fire, and significant ground subsidence and water and air pollution in local communities including the city of Jharia. The resulting pollution has led to a government agency designated for moving local populations, however, little progress has been made in the relocation. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mammoth central]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:A Mammoth Hunt.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mammoth central''' is a paleontological site on the grounds of the Santa Lucía Airport in the state of Mexico, Mexico which contains the remains of at least 200 Columbian mammoths as well as 25 camels and five horses. The site is the world's largest concentration of mammoth remains; the previous was the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota with only 61 individuals. Human tools and carved bones have also been discovered at the site, suggesting that humans utilized the site to trap and kill large mammals. More fossils continue to be found at the site. The dig will end in 2022, when the airport's construction is projected to conclude. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

----
[[File:Palo Alto Baylands January 2013 002.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve''', known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 acres in both Palo Alto and East Palo Alto, and is owned by the city of Palo Alto, California, United States

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Metropolitan Waterworks Museum]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help to translation this article!

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[[File:High Service Pumping Station, Chestnut Hill, Sudbury Aqueduct.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Waterworks Museum''' is a museum in the Che]stnut Hill Waterworks building, originally a high-service pumping station of the Boston Metropolitan Waterworks

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sarah E. Goode]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Edmonia Lewis.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sarah Elisabeth Goode''' (1850 – April 8, 1905) was an inventor. She was the second known African-American woman to receive the MOST, a United States patent, which she received in 1885. The first known African-American woman to receive a patent was Judy W. Reed on September 23, 1884, but Reed only signed her patent with her mark (an X) and not her signature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zuzu Angel]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Zuzu Angel durante o lançamento de sua coleção em Nova York, 1972.tif|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zuleika Angel Jones''' (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel.

In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Blue space]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Blue space''' in urban planning and design comprises all the areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures. Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical geopolitical significance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Breakthrough infection]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''breakthrough infection''' is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent. Simply, they occur when vaccines fail to provide immunity against the pathogen they are designed to target. In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tutankhamun's trumpets]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Silver trumpet from Tutankhamun's tomb.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tutankhamun's trumpets''' are a pair of trumpets found in the burial chamber of the Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The trumpets, one of sterling silver and one of bronze or copper, are considered to be the oldest operational trumpets in the world, and the only known surviving examples from ancient Egypt.

The trumpets were found in 1922 by Howard Carter during the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king. The bronze trumpet may in fact be made of copper; the metal has not yet been analysed. Similar looking trumpets feature in Egyptian wall-paintings that are usually, though not always, associated with military scenes.

Silent for over 3,000 years, the trumpets were sounded before a live audience of an estimated 150 million listeners through an international BBC broadcast aired on 16 April 1939. The trumpets were played by a bandsman, James Tappern of Prince Albert's Own 11th Royal Hussars regiment. The recording was recently featured, and can be heard on the BBC Radio 4 program Ghost Music. Rex Keating, who presented the 1939 broadcast, later claimed that during a rehearsal, the silver trumpet shattered, and Alfred Lucas, a member of Carter's team who had restored the finds, was so distressed he needed to go to hospital. Due to their fragility, it is unlikely the trumpets will be played again in any official musical reconstructions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sumidouro State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Estadual do Sumidouro]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Texturas da Gruta da Lapinha.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sumidouro State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna. The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Justus Ier]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Justus of Jerusalem]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Justus I''' was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader, third bishop of Jerusalem, supposedly tied to the family of Jesus. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:El Palo Alto]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:El-palo-alto-tree-california.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''El Palo Alto''' (Spanish for 'the tall pole' or 'post') is a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. It is famous for its historical significance and as the namesake of the city of Palo Alto. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814. Its top progressively died from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sèvres Egyptian Service]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Plate showing statues of Amenhotep III at Luxor, Egypt. Commissioned by Napoleon as a present to Josephine but she rejected it. From France. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sèvres Egyptian Service''' is a name used for two sets of tableware made by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres during the First French Empire. The first was produced between 1804 and 1806 for Napoleon I and was presented by him to Alexander I of Russia in 1808, as a diplomatic gift following the Treaties of Tilsit. It is now held in the State Museum of Ceramics in Russia.

The second set was produced between 1810 and 1812. It was intended as a gift from Napoleon to Empress Joséphine. The service consisted of 72 plates with the wells depicting scenes from Egypt based on sketches made by Vivant Denon. Joséphine refused to accept the service, which she described as &quot;too severe&quot;. It was returned to the factory and given as a gift to the Duke of Wellington by Louis XVIII in 1818, following the Bourbon Restoration. The service was purchased by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1979 and, except for one plate, was loaned to English Heritage to display at Apsley House, London, the former residence of the first duke. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:La plus que lente]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:La Plus Que Lente (edit).ogg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''La plus que lente''''', L. 121 is a waltz for solo piano written by Claude Debussy in 1910, shortly after his publication of the Préludes, Book I 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abstract photography]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas .jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Abstract photography''', sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene in order to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipède.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede''' was a steam powered velocipede made in France sometime from 1867 to 1871, when a small Louis-Guillaume Perreaux commercial steam engine was attached to a Pierre Michaux manufactured iron framed pedal bicycle. It is one of three motorcycles claimed to be the first motorcycle, along with the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868, and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:zh:祝融号火星车]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Zhurong (rover)]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover at IAC Bremen 2018 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zhurong''' (Chinese: 祝融; pinyin: Zhùróng) is China's first Mars rover, which formed part of the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission to Mars. It landed on May 14, 2021, to make China the second country to successfully soft land on Mars and establish communications from the Martian surface, after the United States. Zhurong was successfully deployed on 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Luna Park''' was an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. Luna Park was located on a site bounded by Surf Avenue to the south, West 8th Street to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and West 12th Street to the west. Luna Park opened in 1903 and operated until 1944. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Philippines)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PH flags near ccp.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, &quot;Day of Freedom&quot;) is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Flyby (spaceflight)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PIA22316 MarCO InSight.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''flyby''' (/ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist to impel it towards another target 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:ko:황연대 성취상]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award''' is named after South Korean Dr. Whang Youn Dai, who contracted polio at the age of three. She devoted her life to the development of paralympic sport in Korea and around the world. At the 1988 Paralympic Summer Games in Seoul, Korea, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) recognized her lifelong contributions to the Paralympic Movement and established the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award (formerly the Whang Youn Dai Overcome Prize). Since then, this award has been presented at every Paralympic Games to one male and one female athlete who each &quot;best exemplify the spirit of the Games and inspire and excite the world&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:55, 13 Setyembre 2021 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Behavior-altering parasite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Succinea mit Leucocholoridium.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Behavior-altering parasites''' are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to enhance their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms. They do this by making the intermediate host, where they may reproduce asexually, more likely to be eaten by a predator at a higher trophic level which becomes the definitive host where the parasite reproduces sexually. Examples can be found in bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and animals. Parasites may also alter the host behaviour to increase the protection to the parasites or their offspring. The term bodyguard manipulation is used for such mechanisms.

Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-41 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:18.novembra svinīgie pasākumi (30966699131).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia''' is celebrated annually on 18 November. It marks the anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia by the People's Council of Latvia in 1918. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Juice jacking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Juice jacking]]) ([[:de:Juice jacking]])        ''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Juice jacking''' is a type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Kidnappers]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Kidnappers''' / Te Kauwae-a-Māui is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the Cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists. The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2021 ==

[[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|right|250px]]
Hello Tagasalinero,

Inaanyahan kita muli na sumali sa patimpalak na [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021|'''Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia''']] ngayong 2021 naglalayong mapabuti ang mga artikulong may kinalaman sa Asya (tao, lugar, kultura atbp.). Tatakbo ito sa buong buwan ng Nobyembre 2021. Maari kang makatanggap muli ng postkard mula sa isang pangkat pang-Wikimedia kapag nakalikha ka ng apat na artikulo. Basahin ang mga patakaran at mekaniks [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021#Mga patakaran|'''dito'''.]]

Pindutin ang buton na ito upang makasali sa patimpalak: 
{{Clickable button 2|Magpatala na|url=https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buwan_na_Pang-Asya_sa_Wikipedia/2021/Mga_kalahok&amp;action=edit|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kapag nakatala ka na at natapos mo na ang lahok mo,
{{Clickable button 2|Isumite ang kontribusyon|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/asian-month-2021-tl|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kung may mga tanong ka tungkol dito, sabihan lamang sa [[Usapang Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021|'''pahinang usapan ng patimpalak'''.]]

Maligayang paglikha ng mga pang-Asyang artikulo sa Wikipediang Tagalog.

--[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 10:32, 31 Oktubre 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Islamic ornament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Abu 'Inaniya.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Islamic ornament''' is the use of decorative patterns in Islamic art. They can be broadly divided into the arabesque, using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy, consisting of religious texts with stylised appearance, used both decoratively and to convey meaning. All three often involve elaborate interlacing. The three types of ornament are often used together.

Islamic decoration has had a significant influence on European decorative artforms, especially as Western arabesque. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Southern Crab Nebula]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:The Crab of the Southern Sky Hen 2-104.tif|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Southern Crab Nebula''' (or WRAY-16-47 or Hen 2-104) is a nebula in the constellation Centaurus. The nebula is several thousand light years from Earth, and its central star is a symbiotic Mira variable - white dwarf pair. It is named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, which is in the northern sky. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Netto Question]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Questão Netto 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Netto Question''' (Portuguese: Questão Netto) was the largest collective action for the liberation of slaves in the Americas. The lawsuit is related to the liberation of 217 slaves in Brazilian lands in the 1870s. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casa Grande del Pueblo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Plaza Murillo .jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Casa Grande del Pueblo''' (English: Great House of the People), is the Bolivian presidential residence that replaced the Palacio Quemado in 2018. Inaugurated on 9 August 2018 during the presidency of Evo Morales as the official residence of the President of Bolivia, the interim government of Jeanine Áñez reverted to occupying the Palacio Quemado from 2019 to 2020. Following the inauguration of Luis Arce on 8 November 2020, it has again become the residence of the president. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:William Morrison (chemist)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Arntz and Morrison 1890.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''William Morrison''' (23 August 1855 – 29 August 1927) was a Scottish chemist. His background in chemistry piqued his interest in improving storage batteries. He concentrated on how to produce the most available energy for a unit of weight for efficiency in the working of an individual battery cell. Eventually, he developed storage batteries far more powerful than what had then been available. To demonstrate his batteries, Morrison installed 24 of them on a common horse-drawn carriage and attached an electric motor to the rear axle to be powered by them. Through various innovations, he developed the controls for the power used and the vehicle's steering so that the driver had complete control. Morrison invented the first practical self-powered four-wheeled electric carriage in the United States. His electric vehicle was the first to be driven in Chicago and in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa. This electric horseless buggy of the late 19th century helped pave the way for the hybrid electric automobile of the 21st century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Madagascar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Maki.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The composition of '''Madagascar's wildlife''' reflects the fact that the island has been isolated for about 88 million years. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation.

As a result of the island's long isolation from neighboring continents, Madagascar is home to an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Approximately 90 percent of all plant and animal species found in Madagascar are endemic, including the lemurs (a type of strepsirrhine primate), the carnivorous fossa and many birds. This distinctive ecology has led some ecologists to refer to Madagascar as the &quot;eighth continent&quot;, and the island has been classified by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot. As recent as 2021, the &quot;smallest reptile on earth&quot; was also found in Madagascar, known as the Brookesia nana, or nano-chameleon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Phromnia rosea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Phromnia rosea''''', the flower-spike bug or the flatid leaf bug, is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is found in dry, tropical forests in Madagascar, and the adult insects are gregarious, the groups orienting themselves in such a way that they resemble a flower spike 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Great Meadow National Nature Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Velykyi Luh.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Great Meadow National Nature Park''' (Ukrainian: Великий Луг (національний природний парк)) (also, Velykyi Luh) covers historic steppe terrain in southeast Ukraine. It is on the south bank of the Dnieper River's Kakhovka Reservoir, which was created by the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The meadows and reed beds on the shore support one of the largest transmigration spots for birds in Eastern Europe 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Luís Gama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Luiz Gama by Raul Pompeia 1882.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama''' (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian Rábula (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil.

Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered &quot;the greatest abolitionist in Brazil&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:41, 27 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-01 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas tree production]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Christmas tree farm East Lansing MI check for pine shoot beetles.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas tree production''' occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees. Christmas trees, pine and fir trees purposely grown for use as a Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual production.

Great Britain consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a Hotelling-Faustmann model in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree pr

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 11:42, 3 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lobster War]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Conflit de la langouste entre la France et le Brésil]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Brazilian Boeing B-17 flies over the French destroyer Tartu (D636) during the 1963 Lobster War.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Lobster War''' (also known as the Lobster Operation; Portuguese: Guerra da Lagosta; French: Conflit de la langouste) was a dispute over spiny lobsters which occurred from 1961 to 1963 between Brazil and France. The Brazilian government refused to allow French fishing vessels to catch spiny lobsters 100 miles (160 km) off the Brazilian northeast coast, arguing that lobsters &quot;crawl along the continental shelf&quot;, while the French maintained that &quot;lobsters swim&quot; and that, therefore, they might be caught by any fishing vessel from any country. The dispute was resolved unilaterally by Brazil, which extended its territorial waters to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) zone, taking in the disputed lobsters' bed.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Henry Adams Thompson]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Henry A. Thompson.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Henry Adams Thompson''' (March 23, 1837 – July 8, 1920) was an American prohibitionist and professor who was the vice-presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party in 1880. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 17 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 10:06, 24 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:26, 7 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:11, 7 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bidriware]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bidriware''' is a metal handicraft from Bidar, India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans. The term &quot;bidriware&quot; originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief centre for the manufacture of the unique metalware. Due to its striking inlay artwork, bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is prized as a symbol of wealth. The metal used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of pure silver. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:43, 14 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:Loktak Folklore Museum]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mni:ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:LOKTAK FOLKLORE MUSEUM.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Loktak Folklore Museum''' or the Thanga Folklore Museum is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 21 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam''' is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is the most impressive of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:27, 28 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:uk:День Державного Прапора України]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Flag of Ukraine.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
August 23 every year since 2004 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hermila Galindo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Hermila Galindo]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Portrait of Hermila Galindo.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Hermila Galindo Acosta''' (also known as Hermila Galindo de Topete) (2 June 1886 – 18 August 1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Farn-Sasan]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Bronze coin of Farn-Sasan.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Farn-Sasan''' was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasanian ruler Ardashir I (r. 224–242), which marked the end of Indo-Parthian rule. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Dummy tank]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Inflatable dummy weapons - NARA - 292565.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Dummy tanks''' superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence; they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ankarana Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Tsingy Ankarana Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ankarana Special Reserve''' in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gwoździec Synagogue]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Synagoga w Gwoźdźcu]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Warszawa - synagoga z Gwoźdźca 2.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''synagogue''' was erected around 1650 in Gwoździec (Ukrainian: Гвіздець - Hvizdets), then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today in the Kolomyia Raion, Ukraine. The building was seriously damaged in a fire during World War I. It was rebuilt in the interwar period, but destroyed completely by the Germans in 1941

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:School of the Air]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:SchooloftheAir.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''School of the Air''' is a generic term for correspondence schools catering for the primary and early secondary education of children in remote and outback Australia where some or all classes were historically conducted by radio, although this is now replaced by telephone and internet technology. In these areas, the school-age population is too small for a conventional school to be viable. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:K-ration]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:KRation Breakfast.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''K-ration''' was an individual daily combat food ration which was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. The K-ration provided three separately boxed meal units: Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cyrus the Great Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:7aban1394.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cyrus the Great Day''' (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ, romanized: ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg) is an unofficial Iranian holiday that takes place on the seventh day of Aban, the eighth month of the Solar Hijri calendar (October 29th on the Gregorian calendar), to commemorate Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Persian Empire. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:01, 9 Mayo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lift Every Voice and Sing]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lift Every Voice and Sing - U.S. Navy Band Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla.opus|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''''Lift Every Voice and Sing'''''&quot; – often referred to as the Black national anthem in the United States – is a hymn with lyrics by James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) and set to music by his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), for the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's birthday in 1900  

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----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zangbeto]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Zangbeto.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zangbeto''' are the traditional voodoo guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities 

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----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trabala vishnou]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Trabala vishnou (Walker, 1855) Rose Myrtle Lappet Moth female Lasiocampidae (16076304697).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trabala vishnou''', the rose-myrtle lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Pakistan, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Indonesia. Four subspecies are recognized. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tirumala septentrionis]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis dravidarum).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tirumala septentrionis''', the dark blue tiger, is a danaid butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Statehood Day (Slovenia)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sl:Dan državnosti]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Statehood Day''' (Slovene: Dan državnosti) is a holiday that occurs on every 25 June in Slovenia to commemorate the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Although the formal declaration of independence did not come until 26 June 1991, Statehood Day is considered to be 25 June since that was the date on which the initial acts regarding independence were passed and Slovenia became independent 

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Roll Out Solar Array]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:View of the ISS taken during Crew-2 flyaround (ISS066-E-080651).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Roll Out Solar Array''' (ROSA) and its larger version ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) are lightweight, flexible power sources designed by NASA to be deployed and used in space. 

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Road Goes Ever On (song)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''The Road Goes Ever On'''&quot; is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:51, 4 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Everard Calthrop]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Everard Richard Calthrop''' (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a &quot;railway genius. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:04, 11 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Horodkivka Catholic Church RB.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka''' is a Roman Catholic religious building and an architectural monument of local importance in the village of Horodkivka (alternative spelling Gorodkivka), Andrushivka Raion, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. Horodkivka was called Khalaimgorodok before 1946 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:45, 18 Hulyo 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sack of Shamakhi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:تاراج شماخی]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sack of Shamakhi''' took place on 18 August 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic). The initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment and with the threat then left unchecked, Shamakhi was taken by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen, its Shia population massacred, and the city ransacked. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lau Pa Sat]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Telok Ayer Market Above, June 2015.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lau Pa Sat''', also known as Telok Ayer Market, is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:48, 1 Agosto 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''The Raggle Taggle Gypsy'''&quot; (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:51, 8 Agosto 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Peroz I Kushanshah]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Extremely rare coin of Peroz I Kushanshah.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Peroz I Kushanshah''' was ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 245 to 275. He was the successor of Ardashir I Kushanshah. He was an energetic ruler, who minted coins in Balkh, Herat, and Gandhara. Under him, the Kushano-Sasanians further expanded their domains into the west, pushing the weakened Kushan Empire to Mathura in North India. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:47, 15 Agosto 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:In the Arbour]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Gierymski In the arbour.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''In the Arbour''''' (Polish: W altanie) is an oil painting created by Polish Realist painter Aleksander Gierymski in 1882. It is displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. In the painting is shown a social gathering of a group of aristocrats portrayed in 18th-century clothes, which takes place on a summer day in a garden. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 11:47, 22 Agosto 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:Imphal Peace Museum]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mni:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Imphal Peace Museum.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Imphal Peace Museum''' (IPM) (Meitei: Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen, Japanese: インパール平和資料館, romanized: Inpāru heiwa shiryōkan) is a WWII museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal and other WWII battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur.
&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 29 Agosto 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Saint John Church of Sohrol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Holy SURP Hovhannes Church.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Church of Saint John''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Յովհաննէս Եկեղեցի) is a 5th or 6th century Armenian Catholic church in Sohrol, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. It was rebuilt in 1840 by Samson Makintsev (Sam Khan; member of Bogatyr Battalion) in brick on the older church foundation. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:48, 5 Setyembre 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2022 Melilla incident]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Massacre de Melilla]]) ([[:es:Tragedia de la valla de Melilla]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Conflict broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:39, 19 Setyembre 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:George W. Johnson (singer)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:George W. Johnson, 1898.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''George Washington Johnson''' (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. Johnson was the first African American recording star of the phonograph 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:07, 26 Setyembre 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-41 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Meitei classical language movement]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''social movement of Meitei language''' (officially known as &quot;Manipuri language&quot;) to achieve the officially recognised status of the &quot;Classical language of India&quot; is advocated by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:55, 10 Oktubre 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Urânia Vanério]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Urânia Vanério]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Urânia Vanério de Argollo Ferrão''' (Salvador, 14 December 1811 — 3 December 1849) was a Brazilian teacher, writer and translator. In her childhood she witnessed the conflict between Brazilian and Portuguese troops in early 1822, in the context of the Bahia's Independence process, which led her to write the poem &quot;Lamentos de uma Baiana...&quot; (&quot;Laments of a girl from Bahia&quot;). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:32, 17 Oktubre 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Pagoda of the Celestial Lady''' (Vietnamese: Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Women in Qatar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Shaikha Khalaf Al Mohammed, Mehbubeh Akhlaghi, Bahya Al-Hamad 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Women's rights in Qatar''' are restricted by the country's male guardianship law and influenced by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Both women and men were enfranchised in the country at the same time, in 1999. Labour force participation rates of Qatari women are above the world average and among the highest in the Arab World, which comes mainly as a result of an increasing number of Qatari women who are attaining academic degrees. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Truck art in South Asia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Truck art in South Asia''' is a popular form of regional decoration, with trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and calligraphy. It is especially common in Pakistan and India.

During the War in Afghanistan, Pakistani decorated trucks that ran services between Pakistan and Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by American troops and contractors who were deployed across the latter. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gorgany Nature Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:uk:Ґорґани (заповідник)]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Gorgany Syniak.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Gorgany Nature Reserve''' (Ukrainian: Ґорґани заповідник) is a strict nature reserve (a 'zapovidnyk') of Ukraine that covers a part of the Gorgany mountain range of the Outer Eastern Carpatians in southwest Ukraine. The reserve is 46% old-growth forest, one of the last and largest such stands in Europe. The reserve was originally created in 1996 to protect relic stands of Stone pine trees (Pinus cembra). The reserve is administratively in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pizza quattro formaggi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Pizza ai quattro formaggi]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Pizza quattro formaggi at restaurant, Chalk Farm Road, London.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pizza quattro formaggi''' (four cheese pizza) is a variety of pizza in Italian cuisine that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese, usually melted together, with (rossa, red) or without (bianca, white) tomato sauce. It is popular worldwide, including in Italy, and is one of the iconic items from pizzerias' menus.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Reiterstatue des Duke of Wellington (Glasgow)]]) ([[:es:Estatua de Wellington]]) ([[:ja:ウェリントン公爵騎馬像 (グラスゴー)]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Statue of the Duke of Wellington on his horse Copenhagen unveiled in front of the Royal Exchange, in Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow in 1844.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington''' located outside the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland, is one of Glasgow's most iconic landmarks.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Woman with Child]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:A Mulher Negra]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Eckhout, Albert - Mulher Africana.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Black Woman with Child''' is a circa 1650 full-length portrait painting by Albert Eckhout. It is in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zakia Khudadadi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zakia Khudadadi''' also spelt as Zakia Khodadadi (Pashto: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is an Afghan parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her maiden Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but she was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics after 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Léopoldville riots]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Léopoldville riots damage.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Léopoldville riots''' were an outbreak of civil disorder in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) in the Belgian Congo which took place in January 1959 and which were an important moment for the Congolese independence movement. The rioting occurred when members of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) political party were not allowed to assemble for a protest and colonial authorities reacted harshly. The exact death toll is not known, but at least 49 people were killed and total casualties may have been as high as 500. Following these riots, a round table conference was organized in Brussels to negotiate the terms of Congo's independence, The Congo received its independence on 30 June 1960, becoming the Republic of the Congo.  

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides &quot;last mile&quot; delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:22, 13 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:31, 20 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]])        ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:40, 27 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:06, 17 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 10:06, 17 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 24 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland.

Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States.

She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:24, 1 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:37, 8 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:17, 15 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:46, 29 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 5 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date &quot;remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:07, 12 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 26 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 3 Hulyo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:14, 17 Hulyo 2023 (UTC)''
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|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:48, 31 Hulyo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.&amp; R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:14, 7 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:&quot;Doings in Pittsburg Society&quot; The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:51, 14 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Insektengift]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:32, 21 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:16, 28 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:49, 11 Setyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:38, 18 Setyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 16 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:50, 23 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christiaan Hendrik &quot;Hein&quot; Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 30 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called &quot;Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn &quot;Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika&quot; into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 13 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur.

The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means &quot;gathering, meeting of a group&quot; and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 04:07, 20 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:44, 27 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:34, 4 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:26, 11 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 18 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 25 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 15 Enero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:02, 22 Enero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:03, 29 Enero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:23, 5 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 07:01, 12 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the &quot;'''grave with the little hands'''&quot; is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 13:24, 19 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:30, 26 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called &quot;The Black Patti&quot; in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an &quot;anti-coup&quot; or a &quot;counter-coup&quot; (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week.

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:04, 11 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:53, 18 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:00, 25 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:15, 1 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:47, 8 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:53, 15 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 22 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&amp;#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:39, 13 Mayo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Turlough]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone.  

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:31, 20 Mayo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates &amp; immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]]
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'''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called &quot;machine grounds&quot;. Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]]
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'''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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----
[[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]]
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The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&amp;#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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----
[[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class.

The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies.

Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]]
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'''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. 

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----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:42, 9 Setyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:29, 23 Setyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:57, 30 Setyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as &quot;little Danes&quot;. While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:16, 14 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:38, 21 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:05, 28 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:17, 4 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:09, 11 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:53, 18 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:57, 25 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:48, 2 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 9 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:45, 16 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. 

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[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:55, 23 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. 

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[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:37, 30 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of &quot;national security&quot;. The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:56, 6 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Julemerke]])&amp;#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 13 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&amp;#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 20 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam (&quot;Great Leader&quot;). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:30, 27 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:21, 3 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 10 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot; to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:21, 17 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative &quot;informal and ad-hoc group&quot; in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:23, 24 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:50, 3 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:51, 10 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive.

Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of &quot;immense artistic value&quot; by Le Monde. It has also been described as the &quot;Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema&quot; by The Guardian. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:57, 17 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 24 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:52, 31 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 7 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:27, 14 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&amp;#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 21 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:57, 28 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 07:29, 5 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:29, 12 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:33, 19 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Tread plate]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato.

We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 06:04, 26 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 05:39, 2 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:33, 9 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Future self]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 16 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:18, 23 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:05, 30 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:10, 7 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
---[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 13:44, 14 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:28, 21 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:41, 28 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. 

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----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:21, 4 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. 

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----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:20, 11 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:43, 18 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 25 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:40, 1 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ja:トンスル]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee.

Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:28, 8 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the &quot;Kapsan faction&quot;. This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 15 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&amp;#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:45, 22 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori.

Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:58, 29 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:48, 6 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:06, 13 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' &quot;Final Solution&quot; to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:04, 20 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:52, 27 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
|}
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== Kumusta ==

Magandang araw, Tagasalinero! Kumusta ka na (po)? &lt;span style=&quot;color:#4169e1; font-family:Footlight MT&quot;&gt;[[Tagagamit:JWilz12345|JWilz12345]]&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:#202734; font-family:Palatino&quot;&gt;([[Usapang tagagamit:JWilz12345|''Kausapin'']]|[[Natatangi:Mga ambag/JWilz12345|''Mga ambag ko'']])&lt;/span&gt; 09:43, 31 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:52, 3 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity.

For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 10 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 17 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement.

There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:13, 24 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The term &quot;'''halachic state'''&quot; (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 08:01, 1 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:29, 8 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:56, 15 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:26, 22 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:20, 29 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:00, 5 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso.

Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:45, 12 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze.

Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:14, 19 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese.

Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome.

Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:06, 26 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:32, 2 Pebrero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:59, 9 Pebrero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&amp;#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would &quot;not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland&quot;. It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. 

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----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 07:31, 9 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:44, 16 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:07, 23 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:38, 30 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:27, 6 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:56, 13 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:34, 20 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:04, 27 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait.

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:16, 4 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:54, 11 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 04:05, 21 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:32, 25 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:56, 1 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 8 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 15 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:52, 22 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:44, 29 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:35, 6 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 13 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%).  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 20 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:00, 27 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:11, 3 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca.

Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo.

Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 17 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 31 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 7 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to &quot;human-made&quot;, &quot;proudly human&quot; and &quot;AI-free&quot;. Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:43, 14 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:02, 21 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:27, 28 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:39, 5 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 07:15, 19 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:05, 26 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-45 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:AI washing]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''AI washing''' is a deceptive marketing tactic that consists of promoting a product or a service by overstating the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and the integration of it. Companies often involve in the practice to mislead customers to boost their offerings, and to secure funding from investors. The practice raises concerns regarding transparency, and legal issues. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 2 Nobyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-46 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mekhala and Kanakhala]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[File:Mekhala.jpg|160px]][[File:Kanakhala.jpg|173px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mekhala''' (Mekhalā or Mahakhala – &quot;Elder Mischievous Girl&quot;, &quot;The Elder Severed-Headed Sister&quot;) and '''Kanakhala''' (Kankhala, Kanakhalā – &quot;Younger Mischievous Girl&quot;, &quot;The Younger Severed-Headed Sister&quot;) are two sisters who figure in the eighty-four mahasiddhas (&quot;great adept&quot;) of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both are described as the disciples of another mahasiddha, Kanhapa (Krishnacharya). They are said to have severed their heads, offered them to their guru, and danced headless. Their legend is closely associated with the Buddhist severed-headed goddess Chinnamunda. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:40, 9 Nobyembre 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31131525 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ldx9zgzc7b1etz2i8mxorebmzryqxq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pamantasang Shinshu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>290291</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241077</id>
      <parentid>1722919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T23:39:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aubreyjanev</username>
        <id>159817</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nagdagdag ng impormasyon na may sanggunian</comment>
      <origin>2241077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1175" sha1="eu01ow5bmk1i5bslua8455lbf29wlah" xml:space="preserve">[[Talaksan:Kyusei_matsumoto_kotogakko01s2048.jpg|thumb|Matsumoto Higher School]]

Ang '''Pamantasang''' '''Shinshu''' ([[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]: ''Shinshu University'', [[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]]: 信州大学 ''Shinshū daigaku''), pinaikling kay {{Nihongo|''Shindai''|信大}} , ay isang pambansang unibersidad ng Hapon sa [[Prepektura ng Nagano]]. Ang pangunahing kampus nito ay sa lungsod ng [[Matsumoto, Nagano|Matsumoto]].  

Ang unibersidad ay maraming mga kampus; [[Matsumoto, Nagano|Matsumoto]], [[Lungsod ng Nagano|Nagano]], [[Ueda, Nagano|Ueda]] at [[Minamiminowa, Nagano|Minami-Minowa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Shinshu University : Rankings, Fees &amp; Courses Details {{!}} TopUniversities |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/shinshu-university |access-date=2026-11-08 |website=www.topuniversities.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ang prepektura ng Nagano ay matatagpuan sa gitna ng Hapon, isang rehiyon na tanyaf sa tradisyonal na kultura na pinananatiling buhay sa maraming lugar sa buong rehiyon tulad ng Zenkoji, kastilyo ng Matsumoto Castle, at kastilyo ng Ueda.

{{coord|format=dms|display=title}}
{{Stub|Edukasyon}}

[[Kategorya:Mga pamantasan sa Hapon]]</text>
      <sha1>eu01ow5bmk1i5bslua8455lbf29wlah</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>303340</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241105</id>
      <parentid>2235689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:14:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Mga pangalan sa pagitan ng 2014 at 2026 */</comment>
      <origin>2241105</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17547" sha1="ddohthilb65d9zkj3jtpqcwji6cxq8n" xml:space="preserve">{{Main|Bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
Ang '''Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas''' ay isang dekadang napapanahon sa loob ng [[Pilipinas]] at [[Philippine Area of Responsibility]], taong 2000 ay nagpulungan at nag paligsahan ang [[PAGASA]] sa bawat ipapangalan sa mga [[bagyo]]ng dadaan at papasok sa Pilipinas sa natatakdang panahon, ito ay binigyang daan upang malaman ang lawak ng pinsala, fatality at nawalang gross sa mga lugar na dinaanan ng bagyo, Ito ay nakahanay sa alpabetikong &quot;A&quot; hanggang &quot;Z&quot; maliban sa letrang &quot;X&quot; na hindi na binigyang pansin. Ang bawat bagyo ay binigyan rin ng bawat kategorya. At dinagdagan ng Auxiliary names at list.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.travel-philippines.com/general-info/weather.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-01-30 |archive-date=2021-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210916183817/https://travel-philippines.com/general-info/weather.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;hypotheticalhurricanes.fandom.com/wiki/2021_Hypothetical_Pacific_Typhoon_Season_(KenMC)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.transcontinentaltimes.com/an-active-typhoon-season-expected-in-the-philippines.html&lt;/ref&gt;

==Daantaon dekada 2000s==
{{Warning|'''[[Bagyo]]'''}}
{{See|Pagpapangalan sa bagyo}}
'''{{Color box|lightyellow|border=darkgray}}''' '''Mga Rinetirong pangalan'''
&lt;br&gt;Milyon milyon ang mga nasisirang Imprastraktura, Mga pang kabuhayan ang mga nasira nang mga nagdaang bagyo taon-taon, tinatayang aabot sa bilyon bilyon ang napinsala. Kaya't gumawa nang listahan nang mga retiradong bagyo rito sa Pilipinas.&lt;ref&gt;http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/climate/tropical-cyclone-information&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://hypotheticalhurricanes.fandom.com/wiki/2020_Hypothetical_Pacific_Typhoon_Season_(KenMC)&lt;/ref&gt;

===Mga pangalan sa pagitan ng 2001 at 2013===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|-
! {{colour|yellow|2001}} !! {{colour|grey|2002}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2003|2003]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2004|2004]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|2005}} !! {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2006|2006]]}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2007|2007]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2008|2008]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2009|2009]]}} !! {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2010|2010]]}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2011|2011]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2012|2012]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2013|2013]]}}
|-
| Auring || Agaton || Amang || Ambo || Auring || Agaton || Amang || Ambo || Auring || Agaton || Amang || Ambo || Auring
|-
| Barok || Basyang || Batibot || Butchoy || Bising || Basyang || Bebeng || Butchoy || Bising || Basyang || Bebeng || Butchoy || Bising
|-
| Crising || Caloy || Chedeng || Cosme || Crising || Caloy || Chedeng || [[Bagyong Cosme|Cosme]] || Crising || Caloy || Chedeng || Carina || Crising
|-
| Dante || Domeng || Dodong || Dindo || Dante || Domeng || Dodong || Dindo || Dante || Domeng || Dodong || Dindo || Dante
|-
| Emong || Ester || Egay || Enteng || Emong || Ester || Egay || Enteng || [[Bagyong Emong (2009)|Emong]] || Ester || Egay || Enteng || Emong
|-
| Feria || Florita || Falcon || Frank || Feria || Florita || Falcon || [[Bagyong Frank|Frank]] || Fabian || Florita || Falcon || Ferdie || Fabian
|-
| Gorio || Glenda || Goring || Gener || Gorio || Glenda || Goring || Gener || Gorio || Glenda || Goring || Gener || [[Bagyong Gorio (2013)|Gorio]]
|-
| Huaning || Henry || Hanna || Helen  || Huaning || Henry || Hanna || Helen  || Huaning || Henry || Hanna || Helen  || Huaning 
|-
| Isang || Inday || Ineng || Igme || Isang || Inday || Ineng || Igme || Isang || Inday || Ineng || Igme || Isang
|-
| Jolina || Juan || Juaning || Julian || Jolina || Juan || Juaning || Julian || Jolina || [[Bagyong Juan|Juan]] || Juaning || Julian || Jolina
|-
| Kiko || Kaka || Kabayan || Karen || Kiko || Katring || Kabayan || Karen || Kiko || Katring || Kabayan || Karen || Kiko
|-
| Labuyo || Lagalag || Lando || Lawin || Labuyo || Luis || Lando || Lawin || Labuyo || {{grey|Luis}} || Lando || Lawin || [[Bagyong Labuyo|Labuyo]]
|-
| Maring || Milenyo || Manang || Marce || Maring || [[Bagyong Milenyo|Milenyo]] || Mina || Marce || Maring || {{grey|Mario}} || [[Bagyong Mina|Mina]] || Marce || Maring
|-
| Nanang || {{grey|Neneng}} || Niña || Nina || Nando || Neneng || Nonoy || Nina || Nando || {{grey|Neneng}} || Nonoy || Nina || Nando
|-
| Ondoy || {{grey|Ompong}} || Onyok || Ofel || Ondoy || Ompong || {{grey|Onyok}} || Ofel || [[Bagyong Ondoy|Ondoy]] || {{grey|Ompong}} || Onyok || Ofel || [[Bagyong Odette (2013)|Odette]]
|-
| Pabling || {{grey|Paloma}} || Pogi || Pablo || Pepeng || Paeng || {{grey|Pedring}} || Pablo || [[Bagyong Pepeng|Pepeng]] || {{grey|Paeng}} || [[Bagyong Pedring|Pedring]] || [[Bagyong Pablo|Pablo]] || [[Bagyong Paolo (2013)|Paolo]]
|-
| Quedan || {{grey|Quardo}} || Quiel || Quinta || Quedan || Queenie || {{grey|Quiel}} || Quinta || Quedan || {{grey|Queenie}} || [[Bagyong Quiel (2011)|Quiel]] || Quinta || [[Bagyong Quedan (2013)|Quedan]]
|-
| {{grey|Roleta}} || {{grey|Rapido}} || Roskas || [[Bagyong Rolly (2004)|Rolly]] || {{grey|Ramil}} || [[Bagyong Reming|Reming]] || {{grey|Ramon}} || Rolly || Ramil || {{grey|Ruby}} || Ramon || {{grey|Rolly}} || [[Bagyong Ramil (2013)|Ramil]]
|-
| {{grey|Sibak}} || {{grey|Sibasib}} || Sikat || Siony || {{grey|Santi}} || Seniang || {{grey|Sendong}} || Siony || Santi || {{grey|Seniang}} || [[Bagyong Sendong|Sendong]] || {{grey|Siony}} || [[Bagyong Santi|Santi]]
|-
| {{grey|Talahib}} || {{grey|Tagbanwa}} || Tisoy || Tonyo || {{grey|Tino}} || Tomas || {{grey|Tisoy}} || Tonyo || Tino || {{grey|Tomas}} || {{grey|Tisoy}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || [[Bagyong Tino (2013)|Tino]]
|-
| {{grey|Ubbeng}} || {{grey|Usman}} || Ursula || [[Bagyong Unding|Unding]] || {{grey|Undang}} || {{grey|Usman}} || {{grey|Ursula}} || Ulysses || Urduja || {{grey|Usman}} || {{grey|Ursula}} || {{grey|Ulysses}} || [[Bagyong Urduja (2013)|Urduja]]
|-
| {{grey|Vinta}} || {{grey|Venus}} || [[Bagyong Viring (2003)|Viring]] || [[Bagyong Violeta|Violeta]] ||  {{grey|Vinta}} || {{grey|Venus}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || Vinta || {{grey|Venus}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || [[Bagyong Vinta (2013)|Vinta]]
|-
| {{grey|Wilma}} || {{grey|Wisik}} || [[Bagyong Weng (2003)|Weng]] || [[Bagyong Winnie|Winnie]] || {{grey|Wilma}} || {{grey|Waldo}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|Warren}} || {{grey|Wilma}} || {{grey|Waldo}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|Warren}} || [[Bagyong Wilma at BOB 05|Wilma]]
|-
| {{grey|Yaning}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || [[Bagyong Yoyoy (2003)|Yoyoy]] || [[Bagyong Yoyong (2004)|Yoyong]] || {{grey|Yolanda}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|Yolanda}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || [[Super Bagyong Yolanda|Yolanda]]
|-
| {{grey|Zuma}} || {{grey|Zeny}} || Zigzag || Zosimo || {{grey|Zoraida}} || {{grey|Zeny}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || {{grey|Zeny}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || [[Bagyong Zoraida (2013)|Zoraida]]
|-class=&quot;unsortable&quot;
!colspan=15|References:&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 15&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 16&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Mga pangalan sa pagitan ng 2014 at 2026===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|-
! {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2014|2014]]}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2015|2015]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2016|2016]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2017|2017]]}} !! {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2018|2018]]}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2019|2019]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2020|2020]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2021|2021]]}} !! {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2022|2022]]}} !! {{colour|skyblue|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2023|2023]]}} !! {{colour|applegreen|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024|2024]]}} !! {{colour|yellow|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2025|2025]]}} || {{colour|grey|[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026|2026]]}}
|-
| Agaton || Amang || Ambo || Auring || Agaton || Amang || [[Bagyong Ambo (2020)|Ambo]] || [[Bagyong Auring (2021)|Auring]] || [[Bagyong Agaton|Agaton]] || Amang || [[Bagyong Aghon|Aghon]] || Auring || Ada
|-
| Basyang || Betty || [[Bagyong Butchoy (2016)|Butchoy]] || Bising || Basyang || Betty || [[Bagyong Butchoy (2020)|Butchoy]] || [[Bagyong Bising (2021)|Bising]] || [[Bagyong Basyang (2022)|Basyang]] || Betty || [[Bagyong Butchoy (2024)|Butchoy]] || Bising || [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Basyang]]
|-
| Caloy || Chedeng || Carina || Crising || Caloy || Chedeng || Carina || [[Bagyong Crising (2021)|Crising]] || Caloy || Chedeng || [[Bagyong Carina|Carina]] || [[Bagyong Crising|Crising]] || Caloy
|-
| Domeng || Dodong || Dindo || Dante || Domeng || Dodong || [[Bagyong Dindo (2020)|Dindo]] || Dante || Domeng || [[Bagyong Dodong|Dodong]] || Dindo || [[Bagyong Dante (2025)|Dante]] || [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Domeng]]
|-
| Ester || Egay || Enteng || Emong || Ester || Egay || Enteng || Emong || [[Bagyong Ester (2022)|Ester]] || [[Bagyong Egay|Egay]] || [[Bagyong Enteng|Enteng]] || [[Bagyong Emong|Emong]] || Ester
|-
| Florita || Falcon || [[Bagyong Ferdie (2016)|Ferdie]] || Fabian || Florita || Falcon || [[Bagyong Ferdie (2020)|Ferdie]] || [[Bagyong Fabian (2021)|Fabian]] || [[Bagyong Florita (2022)|Florita]] || [[Bagyong Falcon|Falcon]] || Ferdie || Fabian || [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Francisco]]
|-
| [[Bagyong Glenda|Glenda]] || Goring || Gener || [[Bagyong Gorio (2017)|Gorio]] || Gardo || Goring || Gener || Gorio || [[Bagyong Gardo (2022)|Gardo]] || [[Bagyong Goring|Goring]] || Gener || [[Bagyong Gorio (2025)|Gorio]] || Gardo
|-
| Henry || [[Bagyong Hanna (2015)|Hanna]] || Helen || Huaning || Henry || Hanna || [[Bagyong Helen|Helen]] ||  Huaning || [[Bagyong Henry (2022)|Henry]] || Hanna || Helen  || Huaning || [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Henry]]
|-
| Inday || Ineng || Igme || [[Bagyong Isang (2017)|Isang]] || Inday || Ineng || Igme || Isang || [[Bagyong Inday (2022)|Inday]] || Ineng || [[Bagyong Igme (17W) (2024)|Igme ]] || [[Bagyong Isang (2025)|Isang]] || [[Super Bagyong Inday|Inday]]
|-
| Jose || Jenny || Julian || [[Bagyong Jolina (2017)|Jolina]] || Josie || [[Bagyong Jenny (2019)|Jenny]] || [[Bagyong Julian (2020)|Julian]] || [[Bagyong Jolina (2021)|Jolina]] || Josie || Jenny || [[Bagyong Julian|Julian]] || [[Bagyong Jacinto (2025)|Jacinto]] || Josie
|-
| Karding || Kabayan || [[Bagyong Karen|Karen]] || Kiko || Karding || Kabayan || [[Bagyong Kristine (2020)|Kristine]] || [[Bagyong Kiko (2021)|Kiko]] || [[Bagyong Karding|Karding]] || Kabayan || [[Bagyong Kristine|Kristine]] || Kiko || [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Kiyapo]]
|-
| Luis || [[Bagyong Lando|Lando]] || [[Bagyong Lawin|Lawin]] || Lannie || Luis || [[Bagyong Liwayway (2019)|Liwayway]] || [[Bagyong Leon (2020)|Leon]] || [[Bagyong Lannie (2021)|Lannie]] || Luis || {{grey|Liwayway}} || [[Bagyong Leon|Leon]] || [[Bagyong Lannie (2025)|Lannie]] || [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Luis]]
|-
| [[Bagyong Mario|Mario]] || Marilyn || Marce || [[Bagyong Maring (2017)|Maring]] || Maymay || Marilyn || Marce || Maring || Maymay || {{grey|Marilyn}} || [[Bagyong Marce|Marce]] || [[Bagyong Mirasol (2025)|Mirasol]] || [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Maymay]]
|-
| Neneng || [[Bagyong Nona|Nona]] || [[Bagyong Nina|Nina]] || Nando || Neneng || [[Bagyong Nimfa (2019)|Nimfa]] || [[Bagyong Nika (2020)|Nika]] || [[Bagyong Nando (2021)|Nando]] || [[Bagyong Neneng (2022)|Neneng]] || {{grey|Nimfa}} || [[Bagyong Nika|Nika]] || [[Super Bagyong Nando|Nando]] || Neneng
|-
| Ompong || Onyok || {{grey|Ofel}} || [[Bagyong Odette (2017)|Odette]] || [[Super Bagyong Ompong|Ompong]] || [[Bagyong Onyok (2019)|Onyok]] || [[Bagyong Ofel (2020)|Ofel]] || [[Super Bagyong Odette|Odette]] || Obet || {{grey|Onyok}} || [[Bagyong Ofel|Ofel]] || [[Bagyong Opong|Opong]] || [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Obet]]
|-
| Paeng || {{grey|''Perla''}} || {{grey|''Pepito''}} || Paolo || Paeng || [[Bagyong Perla (2019)|Perla]] || [[Bagyong Pepito (2020)|Pepito]] || {{grey|Paolo}} || [[Bagyong Paeng|Paeng]] || {{grey|Perla}} || [[Super Bagyong Pepito|Pepito]] || [[Bagyong Paolo (2025)|Paolo]] || Pilandok
|-
| Queenie || {{grey|Quiel}} || {{grey|Quinta}} || Quedan || Queenie || [[Bagyong Quiel (2019)|Quiel]] || [[Bagyong Quinta|Quinta]] || {{grey|Quedan}} || Queenie || {{grey|Quiel}} || [[Bagyong Querubin (2024)|Querubin]] || Quedan || [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Queenie]]
|-
| [[Bagyong Ruby|Ruby]] || {{grey|Ramon}} || {{grey|Rolly}} || [[Bagyong Ramil (2017)|Ramil]] || [[Bagyong Rosita|Rosita]] || [[Bagyong Ramon (2019)|Ramon]] || [[Super Bagyong Rolly|Rolly]] || {{grey|Ramil}} || Rosal || {{grey|Ramon}} || [[Bagyong Romina (2024)|Romina]] || [[Bagyong Ramil (2025)|Ramil]] || Rosal
|-
| [[Bagyong Seniang (2014)|Seniang]] || {{grey|''Sarah''}} || {{grey|Siony}} || [[Bagyong Salome (2017)|Salome]] || [[Bagyong Samuel (2018)|Samuel]] || [[Bagyong Sarah (2019)|Sarah]] || [[Bagyong Siony (2020)|Siony]] || {{grey|Salome}} || {{grey|Samuel}} || {{grey|Sarah}} || {{grey|Siony}} || Salome || Samuel
|-
| {{grey|Tomas}} || {{grey|Tisoy}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || [[Bagyong Tino (2017)|Tino]] || Tomas || [[Bagyong Tisoy|Tisoy]] || [[Bagyong Tonyo (2020)|Tonyo]] || {{grey|Tino}} || {{grey|Tomas}} || {{grey|''Tamaraw''}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || [[Bagyong Tino|Tino]] || {{grey|Tomas}}
|-
| {{grey|''Usman''}} || {{grey|Ursula}} || {{grey|Ulysses}} || [[Bagyong Urduja|Urduja]] || [[Bagyong Usman|Usman]] || [[Bagyong Ursula|Ursula]] || [[Bagyong Ulysses|Ulysses]] || {{grey|''Uwan''}} || {{grey|''Umberto''}} || {{grey|''Ugong''}} || {{grey|Upang}} || [[Bagyong Uwan|Uwan]] || {{grey|''Umberto''}}
|-
| {{grey|''Venus''}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || [[Bagyong Vinta|Vinta]] || {{grey|''Venus''}} || {{grey|Viring}} || [[Bagyong Vicky (2020)|Vicky]] || {{grey|''Verbena''}} || {{grey|''Venus''}} || {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || [[Bagyong Verbena (2025)|Verbena]] || {{grey|''Venus''}}
|-
| {{grey|''Waldo''}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|''Warren''}} || {{grey|Wilma}} || {{grey|''Waldo''}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|''Warren''}} || {{grey|Wilma}} || {{grey|''Waldo''}} || {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|''Warren''}} || [[Bagyong Wilma (2025)|Wilma]] || {{grey|''Waldo''}}
|-
| {{grey|Yayang}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|''Yasmin''}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|''Yasmin''}} || {{grey|Yayang}} || {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|''Yasmin''}} || {{grey|Yayang}} 
|-
| {{grey|''Zeny''}} || {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || {{grey|''Zeny''}} ||  {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || {{grey|''Zeny''}} ||  {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || {{grey|Zoraida}} || {{grey|''Zeny''}} 
|-class=&quot;unsortable&quot;
!colspan=15|References:&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 15&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 16&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Mga pangalan sa pagitan ng 2027 at 2029===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
|-
! [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2027|2027]] !! [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2028|2028]] !! [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2029|2029]] 
|-
| {{grey|Amang}} || {{grey|''Amuyao''}} || {{grey|Auring}}
|-
| {{grey|Betty}} || {{grey|Butchoy}} || {{grey|Bising}}
|-
| {{grey|Chedeng}} || {{grey|Carina}} || {{grey|''Chico''}}
|-
| {{grey|Dodong}} || {{grey|Dindo}} || {{grey|Dante}}
|-
| {{grey|''Emil''}} || {{grey|''Edring''}} || {{grey|''Elias''}}
|-
| {{grey|Falcon}} || {{grey|Ferdie}} || {{grey|Fabian}}
|-
| {{grey|''Gavino''}} || {{grey|Gener}} || {{grey|Gorio}}
|-
| {{grey|Hanna}} || {{grey|Helen}} || {{grey|Huaning}}
|-
| {{grey|Ineng}} || {{grey|Igme}} || {{grey|Isang}}
|-
| {{grey|Jenny}} || {{grey|''Josefa''}} || {{grey|Jacinto}}
|-
| {{grey|Kabayan}} || {{grey|''Kidul''}} || {{grey|Kiko}}
|-
| {{grey|Liwayway}} || {{grey|''Lekep''}} || {{grey|Lannie}}
|-
| {{grey|Marilyn}} || {{grey|Marce}} || {{grey|''Magyawan''}}
|-
| {{grey|Nimfa}} || {{grey|''Nanolay''}} || {{grey|''Nilad''}}
|-
| {{grey|Onyok}} || {{grey|''Onos''}} || {{grey|''Omar''}}
|-
| {{grey|Perla}} || {{grey|''Puwok''}} || {{grey|Paolo}}
|-
| {{grey|Quiel}} || {{grey|Querubin}} || {{grey|Quedan}}
|-
| {{grey|Ramon}} ||{{grey|Romina}} || {{grey|Ramil}} 
|-
| {{grey|Sarah}} || {{grey|Siony}} || {{grey|Salome}}
|-
| {{grey|''Tamaraw''}} || {{grey|Tonyo}} || {{grey|''Tala''}}
|-
| {{grey|''Ugong''}} || {{grey|''Upang''}} || {{grey|''Urbano''}}
|-
| {{grey|Viring}} || {{grey|Vicky}} || {{grey|Verbena}}
|-
| {{grey|Weng}} || {{grey|''Warren''}} || {{grey|Wilma}}
|-
|  {{grey|Yoyoy}} || {{grey|Yoyong}} || {{grey|''Yasmin''}} 
|-
| {{grey|Zigzag}} || {{grey|Zosimo}} || {{grey|Zoraida}}
|-class=&quot;unsortable&quot;
!colspan=15|References:&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 15&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHEM Review 16&quot;/&gt;
|}

===Talaan ng mga inialis na pangalan===
; Mga hindi nagamit na pangalan
{{div col start}}
* {{tcname unused|Paloma}} 
* {{tcname unused|Quadro}} 
* {{tcname unused|Rapido}} 
* {{tcname unused|Roleta}} 
* {{tcname unused|Sibak}} 
* {{tcname unused|Sibasib}} 
* {{tcname unused|Tagbanwa}} 
* {{tcname unused|Talahib}} 
* {{tcname unused|Ubbeng}} 
* {{tcname unused|Wisik}} 
* {{tcname unused|Yaning}} 
* {{tcname unused|Zuma}}
{{div col end}}

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}} 
{{Mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
[[Kategorya:Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>ddohthilb65d9zkj3jtpqcwji6cxq8n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Dindo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>304133</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241157</id>
      <parentid>2202208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:57:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241157</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="730" sha1="dxmkpde9jmyzxnvl3kvnmb4o5x7fmhh" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Dindo''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Ditang noong 2000.

* Bagyong Dindo (2004) - ay isang malakas na bagyong humapyaw sa [[Rehiyon ng Bicol]].
* Bagyong Dindo (2008) - ay isang Severe Tropikal Bagyo.
* Bagyong Dindo (2012) - ay isang Tropikal bagyo na dumaan sa Batanes.
* Bagyong Dindo (2016) - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]].
* [[Bagyong Dindo (2020)]] - ay isang bagyo na tumama sa [[Tsina]].

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Carina (paglilinaw)|Carina]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=''Dindo''|after={{tcname unused|Edring}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dindo}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>dxmkpde9jmyzxnvl3kvnmb4o5x7fmhh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Yoyong</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>304430</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241155</id>
      <parentid>2226639</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:55:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241155</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="810" sha1="6ejn3wlfnsmqloz8odh7xaeo1kgwqvf" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Yoyong''' ay nagamit na pangalan sa [[Pilipinas]] sa panahon, ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Yerling}} noong 2000.

* [[Bagyong Yoyong (2004)]] - Ay isang malakas na bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Nanmadol.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2008)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2012)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2016)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2020)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2024)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yoyong (2028)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Warren}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Yoyong|after=[[Bagyong Zosimo|Zosimo]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yoyong}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>6ejn3wlfnsmqloz8odh7xaeo1kgwqvf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Weng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>304437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241154</id>
      <parentid>2202409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:54:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241154</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="780" sha1="hfd3b2vq37ffzwr6ueggs5cxu3zp71m" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Weng''' ay nagamit na pangalan sa [[Pilipinas]] sa panahon, ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Warling noong 1999.

* [[Bagyong Weng (2003)]] - Ay isang katamtamang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Nepartak.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2007)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2011)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2015)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2019)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2023)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Weng (2027)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Viring|Viring]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Weng|after=[[Bagyong Yoyoy|Yoyoy]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Weng}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>hfd3b2vq37ffzwr6ueggs5cxu3zp71m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Foggia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>305240</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241211</id>
      <parentid>2235905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:37:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasaysayan */</comment>
      <origin>2241211</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3369" sha1="jshuobykzdu4h2wq5m4zzexbjye60rq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Foggia|frazioni=Arpinova, Incoronata, Cervaro, Tavernola, Segezia, Duanera La Rocca|website={{URL|http://www.comune.foggia.it/}}|area_code=0881|postal_code=71121 - 71122 - 71100|day=Marso 22|saint=Madonna dei Sette Veli|elevation_m=76|elevation_footnotes=|population_demonym=Foggians|population_footnotes=&lt;ref name=&quot;istat&quot;&gt;All demographics and other statistics from the Italian statistical institute ([[National Institute of Statistics (Italy)|Istat]]).&lt;/ref&gt;|area_total_km2=507|area_footnotes=|mayor=[[Franco Landella]] (from 09/06/2014)|mayor_party=|province=[[Lalawigan ng Foggia|Foggia]] (FG)|official_name=Comune di Foggia|region={{flag|Apulia}}|coordinates_footnotes=|coordinates={{coord|41|27|51|N|15|32|46|E|display=inline,title}}|pushpin_map_alt=|map_caption=Foggia sa Lalawigan ng Foggia|map_alt=|image_map=Map of comune of Foggia (province of Foggia, region Apulia, Italy).svg|shield_alt=|image_shield=|image_caption=Ang Villa Comunale sa Foggia|image_alt=|imagesize=|image_skyline=Villacomunalefoggia.JPG|native_name={{native name|nap|Fògge}}|footnotes=}}Ang '''Foggia''' (Italyano:&amp;nbsp;[ˈFɔddʒa]; {{Lang-nap|Fògge|label=[[Neapolitan language|Foggiano]]}} [ˈfɔddʒə]) ay isang lungsod at ''[[comune]]'' (komune o munisipalidad) ng [[Apulia]], sa [[Katimugang Italya]], kabesera ng [[lalawigan ng Foggia]]. Noong 2013, ang populasyon nito ay 153,143. Ang Foggia ay ang pangunahing lungsod ng isang kapatagan na tinatawag na [[Tavoliere delle Puglie|Tavoliere]], na kilala rin bilang &quot;[[kamalig]] ng Italya&quot;.

== Heograpiyang pisikal ==

=== Klima ===
Sa pangkalahatan, mayroong 4-5 araw ng pag-ulan ng niyebe bawat taon, na maikli lamang at hindi naiipon. Ang pinakamabigat na pag-ulan ng niyebe sa nakalipas na dalawampu't limang taon ay naganap noong Disyembre 15, 2007, na may 20 cm; noong Abril 7 at 8, 2003, hanggang 5-10 cm (makabuluhan kung isasaalang-alang ang tiyempo); noong Enero 16, 2002, mga 10-15 cm; noong Disyembre 26-27, 1996, hanggang 30 cm; at noong Enero 3, 1993, mga 30-35 cm din.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang iba pang mahahalagang pamayanan ng [[Neolitiko]] ay matatagpuan sa lugar ng Pantano, sa pagitan ng mga distrito ng Salice Nuovo, San Lorenzo at Ordona Sud, at sa sentro ng lungsod, sa mga paghuhukay sa Villa Comunale at sa mga nasa lugar ng dating Ipodromo.

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Calcio Foggia 1920]]

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* [http://www.teleradioerre.it/ Balita sa Foggia at Telebisyon]
* [http://www.manganofoggia.it www.] [http://www.manganofoggia.it ManganoFoggia.it - Website tungkol sa lungsod ng Foggia, kasama ang kultura, kasaysayan, curiosities]
* [http://www.foggiaweb.it/ Ang portal ng Foggia at lalawigan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518022248/http://www.foggiaweb.it/ultimenotizie/ |date=2006-05-18 }}
* [http://www.comune.foggia.it/ Opisyal na site ng Lungsod ng Foggia]
* [http://www.laprovinciadifoggia.it/ LaProvinciadiFoggia.it - Portal ng lalawigan ng Foggia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060805083941/http://smalltownfoggia.net/forum/index.php Maliit na Town Foggia]
* [http://www.vieste.it Maliit na Lungsod Foggia-Vieste]
{{Commons-inline}}
{{Lalawigan ng Foggia}}

[[Kategorya:Mga bayan at lungsod sa Apulia]]
[[Kategorya:Mga bayan at lungsod sa Apulia]]
[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>jshuobykzdu4h2wq5m4zzexbjye60rq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cesena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>305284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241114</id>
      <parentid>2230605</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:19:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mga sanggunian */</comment>
      <origin>2241114</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3675" sha1="ixzljfzvck6zxmw1vob32vnfs2j4jos" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Commune Italya|name=Cesena|province=[[Lalawigan ng Forlì-Cesena|Forlì-Cesena]] (FC)|website={{official website|http://www.comune.cesena.fc.it}}|area_code=0547|postal_code=47521 - 47522, 47023 (old)|day=Hunyo 24|saint=[[San Juan Bautista]]|elevation_m=44|elevation_footnotes=|population_demonym=Cesenate|population_footnotes=|area_total_km2=249.47|area_footnotes=|mayor=Enzo Lattuca|mayor_party=[[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]|frazioni=see [[Cesena#Frazioni|list]]|region=[[Emilia-Romagna]]|official_name=Comune di Cesena|coordinates_footnotes=|coordinates={{coord|44|08|20|N|12|14|40|E|display=inline,title}}|pushpin_map_alt=|pushpin_label_position=|map_caption=|map_alt=|image_map=|shield_alt=|image_shield=Cesena-Stemma.png|image_caption=Panorama ng Cesena|image_alt=|imagesize=|image_skyline=Panorama di Cesena e le sue colline.jpg|native_name={{native name|rgn|Cisêna}}|footnotes=}}
[[Talaksan:Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cesena_su_Palazzo_Albornoz.jpg|right|thumb| Eskudo de armas ng Cesena sa harapan ng Palazzo Albornoz, ang munisipyo]]
[[Talaksan:CESENA-3497.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| [[Piazza del Popolo, Cesena|Piazza del Popolo]] sa Cesena]]
[[Talaksan:Sala_del_Nuti_6.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Ang ''[[Biblioteca Malatestiana]]''.]]
[[Talaksan:La_rocca_malatestiana_di_Cesena.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Ang mga tore ng Rocca Malatestiana sa Cesena.]]
[[Talaksan:Santa_Maria_del_Monte.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Ang Abadia ng St Maria del Monte.]]
Ang '''Cesena''' (bigkas sa Italyano:&amp;nbsp;[tʃeˈzɛːna] ; Romagnol: Cisêna) ay isang lungsod at ''[[komuna]]'' sa [[Lalawigan ng Forlì-Cesena]], rehiyon ng [[Emilia-Romaña|Emilia-Romagna]], na pinaglilingkuran ng [[Autostrada A14 (Italya)|Autostrada A14]], at matatagpuan malapit sa [[Kabundukang Apenino|Apenino]], 15 kilometro (9 milya) mula sa [[Dagat Adriatico]]. Ang kabuuang populasyon ay 97,137.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang Cesena ay orihinal na isang bayan ng [[Mga Umbro|Umbro]] o [[Kabihasnang Etrusko|Etrusko]], na kalaunan ay kilala bilang '''Caesena'''. Matapos ang isang maikling panahon sa ilalim ng pamamahala ng mga [[Mga Galo|Galo]], ito ay kinuha ng mga [[Republikang Romano|Romano]] noong ika-3 siglo BK. Ito ay isang garisong bayan ng estratehikong kahalagahan na nawasak sa mga digmaan sa pagitan nina [[Cayo Mario|Gaius Marius]] at [[Sila (Romanong heneral)|Sulla]]. Binanggit ni [[Plinio ang Nakatatanda|Plinio]] ang mga [[alak]] ng Cesena bilang isa sa mga pinakamahusay.

== Ekonomiya ==
Ang mga pangunahing sektor ng ekonomiya sa Cesena ay:

* [[Agrikultura]], sa partikular na prutas at gulay, at pagproseso ng pagkain
* [[Pagmamanupaktura]], sa partikular na mekanika, kagamitang pang-agrikultura at pang-industriya, kagamitan sa konstruksiyon
* Sa tersiyaryong sektor, [[Bangko|pagbabangko]], at [[turismo]].

== Mga kapitbahay na ''comune'' ==

* [[Mercato Saraceno]]
* [[Cesenatico]]
* [[Cervia]]
* [[Ravena|Ravenna]]
* [[Gambettola]]
* [[Montiano]]
* [[Longiano]]
* [[Roncofreddo]]
* [[Meldola]]
* [[Bertinoro]]
* [[Sarsina]]

== Tingnan din ==

* [[AC Cesena]]

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Cesena|volume=5|short=x}}
* [http://www.comune.cesena.fc.it Cesena home page] {{In lang|it}}
* [http://www.comune.cesena.fc.it/cesenaturismo-en Kasaysayan at impormasyon ng Cesena] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928092516/http://www.comune.cesena.fc.it/cesenaturismo-en |date=2020-09-28 }} {{In lang|en}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120511043525/http://www.turismo.fc.it/_vti_g2_1.aspx Turismo ng Forlì-Cesena] {{In lang|en}}

[[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]]
{{Padron:Lalawigan ng Forlì-Cesena}}</text>
      <sha1>ixzljfzvck6zxmw1vob32vnfs2j4jos</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Satoshi Nakamoto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>305574</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241162</id>
      <parentid>2168295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ellinar Olegna</username>
        <id>168629</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>2241162</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5474" sha1="3jiwsxpab09htw01pznjrrlw7s6byi1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
|birth_name=Angelo Llanera Ranille
|known_for=Pag-iimbento ng [[bitcoin]], pagpapatupad ng unang [[blockchain]], paglulunsad ng pinakaunang desentralisadong [[salaping dihital]]
|field=[[Salaping dihital]], [[agham pangkompyuter]], [[kriptograpiya]]
|image=
|nationality=[[Hapones]] (inaangkin)
|residence=
|death_place=
|death_date=
|birth_place=Pilipino ,Ipinanganak sa Dr.Jose Fabella Hospital,Tayuman
|birth_date=12/08/83
|caption=Owner ng Bitcoin
|image_size=
|prizes=
}}
'''Satoshi Nakamoto''' ang pangalan na ginamit ng ipinapalagay na [[Alyas|malasagisag]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-30|title=The misidentification of Satoshi Nakamoto|url=https://theweek.com/articles/561540/misidentification-satoshi-nakamoto|access-date=2019-07-22|website=theweek.com|language=en|trans-title=Ang maling pagkakakilanlan kay Satoshi Nakamoto}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kharif|first=Olga|date=April 23, 2019|title=John McAfee Vows to Unmask Crypto's Satoshi Nakamoto, Then Backs Off|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-23/john-mcafee-vows-to-unmask-crypto-s-satoshi-nakamoto-within-days|language=en|trans-title=Nangako si John McAfee na Ilantad si Satoshi Nakamoto ng Kripto, Tapos Umatras}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto, Inventor of Bitcoin? It Doesn't Matter.|url=https://fortune.com/2015/12/09/bitcoin-satoshi-identity/|access-date=2019-07-22|website=Fortune|language=en|trans-title=Sino Si Satoshi Nakamoto, Imbentor ng Bitcoin? Hindi Ito Mahalaga.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bearman|first=Sophie|date=2017-10-27|title=Bitcoin's creator may be worth $6 billion — but people still don't know who it is|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/27/bitcoins-origin-story-remains-shrouded-in-mystery-heres-why-it-matters.html|access-date=2019-07-22|website=CNBC|language=en|trans-title=Maaaring nakahahalaga ng $6 bilyon ang tagalikha ng bitcoin — ngunit hindi pa alam ng mga tao kung sino siya}}&lt;/ref&gt; na tao o mga tao na naglinang sa [[bitcoin]], nag-akda sa [[puting papel]] ng bitcoin, at naglikha at naglunsad ng orihinal na [[Reference implementation|sanggunian sa pagpapatupad]] ({{Lang|en|reference implementation}}) ng bitcoin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=S.|first=L.|date=2 November 2015|title=Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?|work=The Economist explains|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/11/economist-explains-1|url-status=live|access-date=3 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821154511/http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/11/economist-explains-1|archive-date=21 August 2016|df=dmy-all|language=en|trans-title=Sino Si Satoshi Nakamoto?}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilang bahagi ng pagpapatupad, nakagawa rin si Nakamoto ng pinakaunang [[blockchain]] database.&lt;ref name=&quot;te20151031&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Economist Staff|date=31 October 2015|title=Blockchains: The great chain of being sure about things|url=https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-each-other-build-dependable|url-status=live|journal=[[The Economist]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703000844/http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-each-other-build-dependable|archive-date=3 July 2016|access-date=18 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa proseso, si Nakamoto ang naging unang maglutas ng problema ng [[Double-spending|dobleng-paggastos]] ({{Lang|en|double-spending problem}}) para sa [[Digital currency|salaping dihital]] sa paggamit ng kalambatang [[Peer-to-peer|kapwa-pakapwa]] ({{Lang|en|peer-to-peer}}). Naging aktibo si Nakamoto sa paglilinang ng bitcoin hanggang Disyembre 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Benjamin|date=2011-11-23|title=The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin|volume=19|work=Wired|issue=12|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/11/mf-bitcoin/|access-date=2019-06-09|issn=1059-1028|language=en|trans-title=Ang Pag-angat at Pagbagsak ng Bitcoin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraming tao ang nag-angking, o inangking si Satoshi Nakamoto. Kabilang sa mga nabanggit na posibleng pagkakakilanlan sina Hal Finney&lt;ref&gt;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/01/03/hal-finney-received-the-first-bitcoin-transaction-heres-how-he-describes-it&lt;/ref&gt;, Dorian Nakamoto&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html&lt;/ref&gt;, Nick Szabo&lt;ref&gt;https://likeinamirror.wordpress.com/2013/12/01/satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-nick-szabo/&lt;/ref&gt;, Craig Wright,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/dec/09/bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-alleged-to-be-australian-academic&lt;/ref&gt; Michael Clear&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/10/111010fa_fact_davis?currentPage=all newyorker.com&lt;/ref&gt;, Ross Ulbricht&lt;ref&gt;http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/23/study-suggests-link-between-dread-pirate-roberts-and-satoshi-nakamoto&lt;/ref&gt;, Cyrano Jones&lt;ref&gt;https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/Cyrano_Jones{{Dead link|date=Marso 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;, Paul Le Roux&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wired.com/story/was-bitcoin-created-by-this-international-drug-dealer-maybe&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Elon Musk]]&lt;ref&gt;https://medium.com/hackernoon/elon-musk-probably-invented-bitcoin-9d6c7b7f9c3b&lt;/ref&gt; at Gavin Andresen&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vice.com/en/article/3dd9zn/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto-the-creator-of-bitcoin&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{uncategorized|date=Abril 2021}}

[[Kategorya:Bitcoin]]</text>
      <sha1>3jiwsxpab09htw01pznjrrlw7s6byi1</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241167</id>
      <parentid>2241162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:09:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ellinar Olegna</username>
        <id>168629</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5475" sha1="hvchiofngnw415mjpb7wkj8r0efftca" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox scientist
|birth_name=Angelo Llanera Ranille
|known_for=Pag-iimbento ng [[bitcoin]], pagpapatupad ng unang [[blockchain]], paglulunsad ng pinakaunang desentralisadong [[salaping dihital]]
|field=[[Salaping dihital]], [[agham pangkompyuter]], [[kriptograpiya]]
|image=
|nationality=[[Pilipino]] (inaangkin)
|residence=
|death_place=
|death_date=
|birth_place=Pilipino ,Ipinanganak sa Dr.Jose Fabella Hospital,Tayuman
|birth_date=12/08/83
|caption=Owner ng Bitcoin
|image_size=
|prizes=
}}
'''Satoshi Nakamoto''' ang pangalan na ginamit ng ipinapalagay na [[Alyas|malasagisag]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-06-30|title=The misidentification of Satoshi Nakamoto|url=https://theweek.com/articles/561540/misidentification-satoshi-nakamoto|access-date=2019-07-22|website=theweek.com|language=en|trans-title=Ang maling pagkakakilanlan kay Satoshi Nakamoto}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Kharif|first=Olga|date=April 23, 2019|title=John McAfee Vows to Unmask Crypto's Satoshi Nakamoto, Then Backs Off|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-23/john-mcafee-vows-to-unmask-crypto-s-satoshi-nakamoto-within-days|language=en|trans-title=Nangako si John McAfee na Ilantad si Satoshi Nakamoto ng Kripto, Tapos Umatras}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who Is Satoshi Nakamoto, Inventor of Bitcoin? It Doesn't Matter.|url=https://fortune.com/2015/12/09/bitcoin-satoshi-identity/|access-date=2019-07-22|website=Fortune|language=en|trans-title=Sino Si Satoshi Nakamoto, Imbentor ng Bitcoin? Hindi Ito Mahalaga.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bearman|first=Sophie|date=2017-10-27|title=Bitcoin's creator may be worth $6 billion — but people still don't know who it is|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/27/bitcoins-origin-story-remains-shrouded-in-mystery-heres-why-it-matters.html|access-date=2019-07-22|website=CNBC|language=en|trans-title=Maaaring nakahahalaga ng $6 bilyon ang tagalikha ng bitcoin — ngunit hindi pa alam ng mga tao kung sino siya}}&lt;/ref&gt; na tao o mga tao na naglinang sa [[bitcoin]], nag-akda sa [[puting papel]] ng bitcoin, at naglikha at naglunsad ng orihinal na [[Reference implementation|sanggunian sa pagpapatupad]] ({{Lang|en|reference implementation}}) ng bitcoin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=S.|first=L.|date=2 November 2015|title=Who is Satoshi Nakamoto?|work=The Economist explains|publisher=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/11/economist-explains-1|url-status=live|access-date=3 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821154511/http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2015/11/economist-explains-1|archive-date=21 August 2016|df=dmy-all|language=en|trans-title=Sino Si Satoshi Nakamoto?}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bilang bahagi ng pagpapatupad, nakagawa rin si Nakamoto ng pinakaunang [[blockchain]] database.&lt;ref name=&quot;te20151031&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Economist Staff|date=31 October 2015|title=Blockchains: The great chain of being sure about things|url=https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-each-other-build-dependable|url-status=live|journal=[[The Economist]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703000844/http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21677228-technology-behind-bitcoin-lets-people-who-do-not-know-or-trust-each-other-build-dependable|archive-date=3 July 2016|access-date=18 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa proseso, si Nakamoto ang naging unang maglutas ng problema ng [[Double-spending|dobleng-paggastos]] ({{Lang|en|double-spending problem}}) para sa [[Digital currency|salaping dihital]] sa paggamit ng kalambatang [[Peer-to-peer|kapwa-pakapwa]] ({{Lang|en|peer-to-peer}}). Naging aktibo si Nakamoto sa paglilinang ng bitcoin hanggang Disyembre 2010.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Wallace|first=Benjamin|date=2011-11-23|title=The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin|volume=19|work=Wired|issue=12|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/11/mf-bitcoin/|access-date=2019-06-09|issn=1059-1028|language=en|trans-title=Ang Pag-angat at Pagbagsak ng Bitcoin}}&lt;/ref&gt; Maraming tao ang nag-angking, o inangking si Satoshi Nakamoto. Kabilang sa mga nabanggit na posibleng pagkakakilanlan sina Hal Finney&lt;ref&gt;https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/01/03/hal-finney-received-the-first-bitcoin-transaction-heres-how-he-describes-it&lt;/ref&gt;, Dorian Nakamoto&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html&lt;/ref&gt;, Nick Szabo&lt;ref&gt;https://likeinamirror.wordpress.com/2013/12/01/satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-nick-szabo/&lt;/ref&gt;, Craig Wright,&lt;ref&gt;https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/dec/09/bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-alleged-to-be-australian-academic&lt;/ref&gt; Michael Clear&lt;ref&gt;https://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/10/111010fa_fact_davis?currentPage=all newyorker.com&lt;/ref&gt;, Ross Ulbricht&lt;ref&gt;http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/23/study-suggests-link-between-dread-pirate-roberts-and-satoshi-nakamoto&lt;/ref&gt;, Cyrano Jones&lt;ref&gt;https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/posts/Cyrano_Jones{{Dead link|date=Marso 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;, Paul Le Roux&lt;ref&gt;https://www.wired.com/story/was-bitcoin-created-by-this-international-drug-dealer-maybe&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Elon Musk]]&lt;ref&gt;https://medium.com/hackernoon/elon-musk-probably-invented-bitcoin-9d6c7b7f9c3b&lt;/ref&gt; at Gavin Andresen&lt;ref&gt;https://www.vice.com/en/article/3dd9zn/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto-the-creator-of-bitcoin&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{uncategorized|date=Abril 2021}}

[[Kategorya:Bitcoin]]</text>
      <sha1>hvchiofngnw415mjpb7wkj8r0efftca</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usapang tagagamit:Kurigo</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>307691</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241100</id>
      <parentid>2238451</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:40:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>49557</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-46 */ bagong seksiyon</comment>
      <origin>2241100</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="485260" sha1="llrx7tufy39zi8l22z84254xx7p0gtg" xml:space="preserve">==Late reply==
Walang anoman po.[[Tagagamit:Ivan P. Clarin|Ivan P. Clarin]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Ivan P. Clarin|makipag-usap]]) 06:18, 15 Enero 2021 (UTC)

== Baybayin ==

Nakita mo ba 'yung komento ko dito [[Wikipedia:Mga nominasyon para sa napiling nilalaman/Baybayin]]. Kung gusto mo maging Napiling Artikulo ang [[Baybayin]], pakisunod na lamang ang aking rekomendasyon. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 06:54, 25 Enero 2021 (UTC)

:Noted ko na po ngunit ineedit ko rin po yung sa Globalisasyon. Hindi ko na po ata magagawa ang rekomendasyon ni GinawaSaHapon at ninyo kasi natambak ako sa pahinang iyon. Kapag summer nalang po baka may time ako. Atsaka po pwedeng magpalagay ng proteksyon sa Globalisasyon? May mga nag-eedit kasi habang naedit ko kaya hindi ko na po matapos-tapos. --[[Tagagamit:Kurigo|Kurigo]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Kurigo|makipag-usap]]) 06:57, 25 Enero 2021 (UTC)

::Sige, nakabinbin muna 'yung pagbabago sa Baybayin. Naprotekta ko na 'yung Globalisasyon. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 08:30, 25 Enero 2021 (UTC)
:::Salamat po --[[Tagagamit:Kurigo|Kurigo]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Kurigo|makipag-usap]]) 11:39, 25 Enero 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
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|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mammoth central]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:A Mammoth Hunt.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mammoth central''' is a paleontological site on the grounds of the Santa Lucía Airport in the state of Mexico, Mexico which contains the remains of at least 200 Columbian mammoths as well as 25 camels and five horses. The site is the world's largest concentration of mammoth remains; the previous was the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota with only 61 individuals. Human tools and carved bones have also been discovered at the site, suggesting that humans utilized the site to trap and kill large mammals. More fossils continue to be found at the site. The dig will end in 2022, when the airport's construction is projected to conclude. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 01:45, 12 Abril 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
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|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Palo Alto Baylands January 2013 002.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve''', known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 acres in both Palo Alto and East Palo Alto, and is owned by the city of Palo Alto, California, United States

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:27, 19 Abril 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Metropolitan Waterworks Museum]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:High Service Pumping Station, Chestnut Hill, Sudbury Aqueduct.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Waterworks Museum''' is a museum in the Che]stnut Hill Waterworks building, originally a high-service pumping station of the Boston Metropolitan Waterworks

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:45, 26 Abril 2021 (UTC)''
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== UnangPahinaBalita ==

Kapag maglalagay ka ng balita sa [[Template:UnangPahinaBalita]], pakilagay na rin sa kaugnay na petsa nito ang balitang dinagdag mo. Halimbawa, kung ang balita ay noong Abril 26, 2021, idagdag rin iyan dito: [[Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang pangyayari/2021 Abril 26]]. Tapos, dapat hanggang '''lima''' lamang ang nakapasok sa [[Template:UnangPahinaBalita]]. Kaya, kailangan ibawas ang pinakalumang balita kung nagdagdag ka ng bago. Basahin ang [[Wikipedia:Mga panuntunan sa pagtatala ng bagong balita]] para sa karagdagang patakaran. Pakigawa na lamang ito sa susunod. Sa ngayon, ako na ang mag-aayos. Salamat. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 03:23, 3 Mayo 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sarah E. Goode]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Edmonia Lewis.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sarah Elisabeth Goode''' (1850 – April 8, 1905) was an inventor. She was the second known African-American woman to receive the MOST, a United States patent, which she received in 1885. The first known African-American woman to receive a patent was Judy W. Reed on September 23, 1884, but Reed only signed her patent with her mark (an X) and not her signature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:22, 10 Mayo 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zuzu Angel]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Zuzu Angel durante o lançamento de sua coleção em Nova York, 1972.tif|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zuleika Angel Jones''' (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel.

In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:10, 17 Mayo 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Blue space]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Blue space''' in urban planning and design comprises all the areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures. Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical geopolitical significance. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Breakthrough infection]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''breakthrough infection''' is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent. Simply, they occur when vaccines fail to provide immunity against the pathogen they are designed to target. In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tutankhamun's trumpets]]'''&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Silver trumpet from Tutankhamun's tomb.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tutankhamun's trumpets''' are a pair of trumpets found in the burial chamber of the Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The trumpets, one of sterling silver and one of bronze or copper, are considered to be the oldest operational trumpets in the world, and the only known surviving examples from ancient Egypt.

The trumpets were found in 1922 by Howard Carter during the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king. The bronze trumpet may in fact be made of copper; the metal has not yet been analysed. Similar looking trumpets feature in Egyptian wall-paintings that are usually, though not always, associated with military scenes.

Silent for over 3,000 years, the trumpets were sounded before a live audience of an estimated 150 million listeners through an international BBC broadcast aired on 16 April 1939. The trumpets were played by a bandsman, James Tappern of Prince Albert's Own 11th Royal Hussars regiment. The recording was recently featured, and can be heard on the BBC Radio 4 program Ghost Music. Rex Keating, who presented the 1939 broadcast, later claimed that during a rehearsal, the silver trumpet shattered, and Alfred Lucas, a member of Carter's team who had restored the finds, was so distressed he needed to go to hospital. Due to their fragility, it is unlikely the trumpets will be played again in any official musical reconstructions. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sumidouro State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Estadual do Sumidouro]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Texturas da Gruta da Lapinha.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sumidouro State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna. The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Justus Ier]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Justus of Jerusalem]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Justus I''' was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader, third bishop of Jerusalem, supposedly tied to the family of Jesus. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:El Palo Alto]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:El-palo-alto-tree-california.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''El Palo Alto''' (Spanish for 'the tall pole' or 'post') is a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. It is famous for its historical significance and as the namesake of the city of Palo Alto. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814. Its top progressively died from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sèvres Egyptian Service]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Plate showing statues of Amenhotep III at Luxor, Egypt. Commissioned by Napoleon as a present to Josephine but she rejected it. From France. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sèvres Egyptian Service''' is a name used for two sets of tableware made by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres during the First French Empire. The first was produced between 1804 and 1806 for Napoleon I and was presented by him to Alexander I of Russia in 1808, as a diplomatic gift following the Treaties of Tilsit. It is now held in the State Museum of Ceramics in Russia.

The second set was produced between 1810 and 1812. It was intended as a gift from Napoleon to Empress Joséphine. The service consisted of 72 plates with the wells depicting scenes from Egypt based on sketches made by Vivant Denon. Joséphine refused to accept the service, which she described as &quot;too severe&quot;. It was returned to the factory and given as a gift to the Duke of Wellington by Louis XVIII in 1818, following the Bourbon Restoration. The service was purchased by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1979 and, except for one plate, was loaned to English Heritage to display at Apsley House, London, the former residence of the first duke. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:La plus que lente]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:La Plus Que Lente (edit).ogg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''La plus que lente''''', L. 121 is a waltz for solo piano written by Claude Debussy in 1910, shortly after his publication of the Préludes, Book I 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abstract photography]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas .jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Abstract photography''', sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene in order to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipède.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede''' was a steam powered velocipede made in France sometime from 1867 to 1871, when a small Louis-Guillaume Perreaux commercial steam engine was attached to a Pierre Michaux manufactured iron framed pedal bicycle. It is one of three motorcycles claimed to be the first motorcycle, along with the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868, and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:zh:祝融号火星车]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Zhurong (rover)]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover at IAC Bremen 2018 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zhurong''' (Chinese: 祝融; pinyin: Zhùróng) is China's first Mars rover, which formed part of the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission to Mars. It landed on May 14, 2021, to make China the second country to successfully soft land on Mars and establish communications from the Martian surface, after the United States. Zhurong was successfully deployed on 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Luna Park''' was an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. Luna Park was located on a site bounded by Surf Avenue to the south, West 8th Street to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and West 12th Street to the west. Luna Park opened in 1903 and operated until 1944. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Philippines)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PH flags near ccp.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, &quot;Day of Freedom&quot;) is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Flyby (spaceflight)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PIA22316 MarCO InSight.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''flyby''' (/ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist to impel it towards another target 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:ko:황연대 성취상]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award''' is named after South Korean Dr. Whang Youn Dai, who contracted polio at the age of three. She devoted her life to the development of paralympic sport in Korea and around the world. At the 1988 Paralympic Summer Games in Seoul, Korea, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) recognized her lifelong contributions to the Paralympic Movement and established the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award (formerly the Whang Youn Dai Overcome Prize). Since then, this award has been presented at every Paralympic Games to one male and one female athlete who each &quot;best exemplify the spirit of the Games and inspire and excite the world&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== UnangPahinaBalita uli ==

Sinabi ko na dati na dapat '''lima''' lamang ang ''entry'' ng Template:UnangPahinaBalita. Paulit-ulit kang nagbabawas pero di ka naman nagdaragdag. Paki-''review'' uli ng patakaran: [[Wikipedia:Mga panuntunan sa pagtatala ng bagong balita]]. Maganda at nakapag-''edit'' ka ng balita ngunit pakiusap, ayusin mo naman ang pag-''edit''. Ang UnangPahinaBalita ay nababasa ng maraming tao kaya mahalaga na maayos ito. Sana naunawaan mo ang ''concern'' ko. Salamat. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 05:04, 26 Setyembre 2021 (UTC)
:Hindi siya pang-Wiki. Plus mali-mali pa po yung links. Pakitingnan po kung saan nakaturo ang Datu Piang sa Unang Pahina Balita. Isa pa ang granada na link ay nakaturo sa ibang Granada na hindi nangangahulugang pasabog kaya inayos ko ito noong una mo itong dinagdag (Proof: https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granada&amp;action=history) . Ang pangyayaring ito ay hindi kilala o tanyag para magawan pa ng pahina. Walang katanyagan ang paksang ito kaya tinanggal ko. Kung malaking bagay ito, dapat magawan ng pahina ngunit mukhang isa lamang ito sa mga maraming pangyayari ng Pilipinas. Sa pangkalahatan, not for wiki. Oo nga po na marami ang makakabasa ngunit kung mali-mali naman ang impormasyon at ang mga links, maaaring magdagdag na lamang ng iba imbis na iyon. Ang tungkol naman sa hidwaan ng Myanmar, mukhang wala pang pahinang nagagawan at maaaring maging problematiko. --[[Tagagamit:Kurigo|Kurigo]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Kurigo|kausapin]]) 06:22, 26 Setyembre 2021 (UTC)
::Kung ''links'' pala ang problema, bakit di mo inayos 'yung links? E, ang ginawa mo tinanggal mo 'yung buong ''entry'' tapos hindi ka naman nagbigay ng kapalit para manatiling lima siya. Tungkol naman sa katanyagan, hindi ipinagbabawal sa kasalukuyang patakaran kung tanyag man ito o hindi. Ang kailangan lamang ay mayroon itong sanggunian. Na mayroon naman, tingnan ito: [[Wikipedia:Kasalukuyang pangyayari/2021 Setyembre 18]]. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 03:46, 27 Setyembre 2021 (UTC)
:::Tungkol sa links, hindi ko naman po gamay 'yang lahat. Kung sino po ang nagdagdag, siya po ang nakakaalam kung ano ang nilalaman ng idinaragdag niya. Baka po kasi ang impormasyon na mapapalitan ko ay maiba sa tunay na paksa o kaya ay maging nakakalito. Halimbawa, sa granada na kawing, sigurado ako sa kung ano ang tinutukoy nito na isang pasabog kaya nai-redirect ko ito sa tingin ko ay tama. Ang Datu Piang naman po ay medyo nalito ako kaya hindi ko muna ito ginalaw. Aaminin ko na nilabag ko ang quota na dapat lima ang entries at hindi ko agad napalitan ang tinanggal ko. Ang importante lang po sa akin ay yung impormasyon mismo, at hindi ang bilang o dami ng entries. Ang kalidad ay higit mahalaga kaysa sa kantidad. 
:::Sa dako naman po ng criteria ng balita, mukhang problematiko ang pagdaragdag ng anumang balita na basta lamang ay may sanggunian. Muli, ito ay ensiklopedya na mayroong antas ng katanyagan at kahalagahan sa maraming tao. Maaari naman pong idagdag ang tungkol sa pagsabog ngunit wala naman po itong kasamang mahalagang pangyayari. Halimbawa, kung ang pagsabog sa Datu Piang ay kabilang sa isang opensibang militar o pandaigdigang digmaan kontra terorismo (''hindi po ako sigurado dito, halimbawa lang po'') , na isang mahalagang pangyayari (AT maaaring gawan ng pahina), totoo nga na sapat itong isama sa Unang Pahina Balita at ang mahalagang pangyayari ay nakasama na rin sa entry. Pero kung titingnan sa balita mismo, walang binanggit na mahalagang pangyayari. Kung titingan pati, ito ay isa lamang katulad sa mga maraming pangyayari sa Mindanao na binabalita kamakailan lang. Ang sa akin po kasi, una kong tinitingnan kung ang balita ay may pahina na sa tl Wiki at saka nilalagay ko ang pangyayari sa Unang Pahina Balita. Halimbawa ang kay Abdelaziz Bouteflika, SpaceX, at ang COVID-19 sa Pilipinas, na pawang mahahalaga at mayroong katanyagan. 
:::Sa ibang usapin naman po, mukhang hindi ko kayang mag-host sa official translation election ng TL Wiki. Marami kasi po akong ginagawa sa eskuwela kaya sagabal ito sa pagpapa-request ko ng mga mungkahing pagsalin. Kung kaya niyo pong mag-host sir at mag-start sa eleksyon at mungkahi ng mga bagong opisyal na termino, sasali naman po ako sa pagboto kung sakali man na sisimulan niyo sir. Salamat po --[[Tagagamit:Kurigo|Kurigo]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Kurigo|kausapin]]) 05:23, 27 Setyembre 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Behavior-altering parasite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Succinea mit Leucocholoridium.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Behavior-altering parasites''' are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to enhance their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms. They do this by making the intermediate host, where they may reproduce asexually, more likely to be eaten by a predator at a higher trophic level which becomes the definitive host where the parasite reproduces sexually. Examples can be found in bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and animals. Parasites may also alter the host behaviour to increase the protection to the parasites or their offspring. The term bodyguard manipulation is used for such mechanisms.

Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-41 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:18.novembra svinīgie pasākumi (30966699131).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia''' is celebrated annually on 18 November. It marks the anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia by the People's Council of Latvia in 1918. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== ABN ==

{{AlamBaNinyoUsapan2|Oktubre 5|2021|Tulay ng Laguna Garzón}}
--[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 03:31, 11 Oktubre 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Juice jacking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Juice jacking]]) ([[:de:Juice jacking]])        ''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Juice jacking''' is a type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Kidnappers]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Kidnappers''' / Te Kauwae-a-Māui is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the Cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists. The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2021 ==

[[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|right|250px]]
Hello Kurigo,

Inaanyahan kita na sumali sa patimpalak na [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021|'''Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia''']] ngayong 2021 naglalayong mapabuti ang mga artikulong may kinalaman sa Asya (tao, lugar, kultura atbp.). Tatakbo ito sa buong buwan ng Nobyembre 2021. Maari kang makatanggap ng postkard mula sa isang pangkat pang-Wikimedia kapag nakalikha ka ng apat na artikulo. Basahin ang mga patakaran at mekaniks [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021#Mga patakaran|'''dito'''.]]

Pindutin ang buton na ito upang makasali sa patimpalak: 
{{Clickable button 2|Magpatala na|url=https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Buwan_na_Pang-Asya_sa_Wikipedia/2021/Mga_kalahok&amp;action=edit|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kapag nakatala ka na at natapos mo na ang lahok mo,
{{Clickable button 2|Isumite ang kontribusyon|url=https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/asian-month-2021-tl|class=mw-ui-progressive}}

Kung may mga tanong ka tungkol dito, sabihan lamang sa [[Usapang Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021|'''pahinang usapan ng patimpalak'''.]]

Maligayang paglikha ng mga pang-Asyang artikulo sa Wikipediang Tagalog.

--[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 11:02, 31 Oktubre 2021 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Islamic ornament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Abu 'Inaniya.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Islamic ornament''' is the use of decorative patterns in Islamic art. They can be broadly divided into the arabesque, using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy, consisting of religious texts with stylised appearance, used both decoratively and to convey meaning. All three often involve elaborate interlacing. The three types of ornament are often used together.

Islamic decoration has had a significant influence on European decorative artforms, especially as Western arabesque. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Southern Crab Nebula]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:The Crab of the Southern Sky Hen 2-104.tif|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Southern Crab Nebula''' (or WRAY-16-47 or Hen 2-104) is a nebula in the constellation Centaurus. The nebula is several thousand light years from Earth, and its central star is a symbiotic Mira variable - white dwarf pair. It is named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, which is in the northern sky. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Netto Question]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Questão Netto 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Netto Question''' (Portuguese: Questão Netto) was the largest collective action for the liberation of slaves in the Americas. The lawsuit is related to the liberation of 217 slaves in Brazilian lands in the 1870s. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casa Grande del Pueblo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Plaza Murillo .jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Casa Grande del Pueblo''' (English: Great House of the People), is the Bolivian presidential residence that replaced the Palacio Quemado in 2018. Inaugurated on 9 August 2018 during the presidency of Evo Morales as the official residence of the President of Bolivia, the interim government of Jeanine Áñez reverted to occupying the Palacio Quemado from 2019 to 2020. Following the inauguration of Luis Arce on 8 November 2020, it has again become the residence of the president. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:William Morrison (chemist)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Arntz and Morrison 1890.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''William Morrison''' (23 August 1855 – 29 August 1927) was a Scottish chemist. His background in chemistry piqued his interest in improving storage batteries. He concentrated on how to produce the most available energy for a unit of weight for efficiency in the working of an individual battery cell. Eventually, he developed storage batteries far more powerful than what had then been available. To demonstrate his batteries, Morrison installed 24 of them on a common horse-drawn carriage and attached an electric motor to the rear axle to be powered by them. Through various innovations, he developed the controls for the power used and the vehicle's steering so that the driver had complete control. Morrison invented the first practical self-powered four-wheeled electric carriage in the United States. His electric vehicle was the first to be driven in Chicago and in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa. This electric horseless buggy of the late 19th century helped pave the way for the hybrid electric automobile of the 21st century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Maraming salamat sa paglahok mo sa [[Wikipedia:Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia/2021|Buwan na Pang-Asya sa Wikipedia ng 2021]] ==

{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:Asia medal.svg|100px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Maraming salamat sa pagsumite ng mga lahok!'''
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:WAM logo without text (Philippine edition).svg|100px]]
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | ''Congrats'', nakaanim kang lahok sa patimpalak na ito. Ayon sa patakaran, makakatanggap ka ng postkard na iproproseso ng internasyunal na pangkat ng ''Wikipedia Asian Month''. Antabayanan mo lamang ito. Kapag tila natatagalan sila, ako mismo ang magpa-''follow-up'' sa kanila. Nawa'y naging maganda ang iyong karanasan sa patimpalak na ito. Kung may mga katanungan ka, huwag kang mag-atubiling magbigay ng mensahe sa aking [[Usapang tagagamit:Jojit fb|pahina ng usapan]]. Muli, maraming salamat at nawa'y magpatuloy kang mag-ambag ng mataas na kalidad na artikulo dito sa Wikipediang Tagalog. --[[User:Jojit fb|Jojit]] ([[User talk:Jojit fb|usapan]]) 23:11, 1 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)
|}

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Madagascar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Maki.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The composition of '''Madagascar's wildlife''' reflects the fact that the island has been isolated for about 88 million years. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation.

As a result of the island's long isolation from neighboring continents, Madagascar is home to an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Approximately 90 percent of all plant and animal species found in Madagascar are endemic, including the lemurs (a type of strepsirrhine primate), the carnivorous fossa and many birds. This distinctive ecology has led some ecologists to refer to Madagascar as the &quot;eighth continent&quot;, and the island has been classified by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot. As recent as 2021, the &quot;smallest reptile on earth&quot; was also found in Madagascar, known as the Brookesia nana, or nano-chameleon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:13, 6 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Phromnia rosea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Phromnia rosea''''', the flower-spike bug or the flatid leaf bug, is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is found in dry, tropical forests in Madagascar, and the adult insects are gregarious, the groups orienting themselves in such a way that they resemble a flower spike 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:44, 13 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Great Meadow National Nature Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Velykyi Luh.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Great Meadow National Nature Park''' (Ukrainian: Великий Луг (національний природний парк)) (also, Velykyi Luh) covers historic steppe terrain in southeast Ukraine. It is on the south bank of the Dnieper River's Kakhovka Reservoir, which was created by the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The meadows and reed beds on the shore support one of the largest transmigration spots for birds in Eastern Europe 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:15, 20 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Luís Gama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Luiz Gama by Raul Pompeia 1882.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama''' (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian Rábula (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil.

Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered &quot;the greatest abolitionist in Brazil&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:41, 27 Disyembre 2021 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-01 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas tree production]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Christmas tree farm East Lansing MI check for pine shoot beetles.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas tree production''' occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees. Christmas trees, pine and fir trees purposely grown for use as a Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual production.

Great Britain consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a Hotelling-Faustmann model in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree pr

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 11:42, 3 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lobster War]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Conflit de la langouste entre la France et le Brésil]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Brazilian Boeing B-17 flies over the French destroyer Tartu (D636) during the 1963 Lobster War.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Lobster War''' (also known as the Lobster Operation; Portuguese: Guerra da Lagosta; French: Conflit de la langouste) was a dispute over spiny lobsters which occurred from 1961 to 1963 between Brazil and France. The Brazilian government refused to allow French fishing vessels to catch spiny lobsters 100 miles (160 km) off the Brazilian northeast coast, arguing that lobsters &quot;crawl along the continental shelf&quot;, while the French maintained that &quot;lobsters swim&quot; and that, therefore, they might be caught by any fishing vessel from any country. The dispute was resolved unilaterally by Brazil, which extended its territorial waters to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) zone, taking in the disputed lobsters' bed.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 10 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Henry Adams Thompson]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Henry A. Thompson.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Henry Adams Thompson''' (March 23, 1837 – July 8, 1920) was an American prohibitionist and professor who was the vice-presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party in 1880. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 17 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 24 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 10:06, 24 Enero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:26, 7 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:11, 7 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bidriware]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bidriware''' is a metal handicraft from Bidar, India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans. The term &quot;bidriware&quot; originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief centre for the manufacture of the unique metalware. Due to its striking inlay artwork, bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is prized as a symbol of wealth. The metal used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of pure silver. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:43, 14 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:Loktak Folklore Museum]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mni:ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:LOKTAK FOLKLORE MUSEUM.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Loktak Folklore Museum''' or the Thanga Folklore Museum is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:18, 21 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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|}
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== Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Postcard ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Participants,

Congratulations!

It's Wikipedia Asian Month's honor to have you all participated in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021, the seventh Wikipedia Asian Month. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the Wikipedia Asian Month International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2021. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSck2FFBSatWmQYubvyCSWDEAvYzplfL_ZNDvr8j5hWU2bmNww/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap!

:This form will be closed at March 15.

Cheers!

Thank you and best regards,

[[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2021/Team#International_Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2022.02
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam''' is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is the most impressive of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:27, 28 Pebrero 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:uk:День Державного Прапора України]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Flag of Ukraine.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
August 23 every year since 2004 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:57, 7 Marso 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hermila Galindo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Hermila Galindo]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Portrait of Hermila Galindo.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Hermila Galindo Acosta''' (also known as Hermila Galindo de Topete) (2 June 1886 – 18 August 1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:23, 14 Marso 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Farn-Sasan]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Bronze coin of Farn-Sasan.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Farn-Sasan''' was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasanian ruler Ardashir I (r. 224–242), which marked the end of Indo-Parthian rule. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:29, 21 Marso 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Dummy tank]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Inflatable dummy weapons - NARA - 292565.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Dummy tanks''' superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence; they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:51, 28 Marso 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ankarana Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Tsingy Ankarana Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ankarana Special Reserve''' in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 11 Abril 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gwoździec Synagogue]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Synagoga w Gwoźdźcu]])         ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Warszawa - synagoga z Gwoźdźca 2.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''synagogue''' was erected around 1650 in Gwoździec (Ukrainian: Гвіздець - Hvizdets), then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today in the Kolomyia Raion, Ukraine. The building was seriously damaged in a fire during World War I. It was rebuilt in the interwar period, but destroyed completely by the Germans in 1941

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 18 Abril 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:School of the Air]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:SchooloftheAir.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''School of the Air''' is a generic term for correspondence schools catering for the primary and early secondary education of children in remote and outback Australia where some or all classes were historically conducted by radio, although this is now replaced by telephone and internet technology. In these areas, the school-age population is too small for a conventional school to be viable. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:37, 25 Abril 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:K-ration]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:KRation Breakfast.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''K-ration''' was an individual daily combat food ration which was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. The K-ration provided three separately boxed meal units: Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 04:04, 2 Mayo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cyrus the Great Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:7aban1394.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cyrus the Great Day''' (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ, romanized: ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg) is an unofficial Iranian holiday that takes place on the seventh day of Aban, the eighth month of the Solar Hijri calendar (October 29th on the Gregorian calendar), to commemorate Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Persian Empire. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:01, 9 Mayo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lift Every Voice and Sing]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Lift Every Voice and Sing - U.S. Navy Band Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla.opus|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''''Lift Every Voice and Sing'''''&quot; – often referred to as the Black national anthem in the United States – is a hymn with lyrics by James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) and set to music by his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), for the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's birthday in 1900  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:57, 16 Mayo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zangbeto]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Zangbeto.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zangbeto''' are the traditional voodoo guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 30 Mayo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trabala vishnou]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Trabala vishnou (Walker, 1855) Rose Myrtle Lappet Moth female Lasiocampidae (16076304697).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trabala vishnou''', the rose-myrtle lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Pakistan, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Indonesia. Four subspecies are recognized. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, 6 Hunyo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tirumala septentrionis]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis dravidarum).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tirumala septentrionis''', the dark blue tiger, is a danaid butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 13 Hunyo 2022 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Statehood Day (Slovenia)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sl:Dan državnosti]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Statehood Day''' (Slovene: Dan državnosti) is a holiday that occurs on every 25 June in Slovenia to commemorate the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Although the formal declaration of independence did not come until 26 June 1991, Statehood Day is considered to be 25 June since that was the date on which the initial acts regarding independence were passed and Slovenia became independent 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Roll Out Solar Array]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:View of the ISS taken during Crew-2 flyaround (ISS066-E-080651).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Roll Out Solar Array''' (ROSA) and its larger version ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) are lightweight, flexible power sources designed by NASA to be deployed and used in space. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Road Goes Ever On (song)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''The Road Goes Ever On'''&quot; is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-28 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Everard Calthrop]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Everard Richard Calthrop''' (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a &quot;railway genius. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Horodkivka Catholic Church RB.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka''' is a Roman Catholic religious building and an architectural monument of local importance in the village of Horodkivka (alternative spelling Gorodkivka), Andrushivka Raion, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. Horodkivka was called Khalaimgorodok before 1946 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sack of Shamakhi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:تاراج شماخی]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Sack of Shamakhi''' took place on 18 August 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic). The initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment and with the threat then left unchecked, Shamakhi was taken by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen, its Shia population massacred, and the city ransacked. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lau Pa Sat]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Telok Ayer Market Above, June 2015.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lau Pa Sat''', also known as Telok Ayer Market, is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''The Raggle Taggle Gypsy'''&quot; (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Peroz I Kushanshah]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Extremely rare coin of Peroz I Kushanshah.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Peroz I Kushanshah''' was ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 245 to 275. He was the successor of Ardashir I Kushanshah. He was an energetic ruler, who minted coins in Balkh, Herat, and Gandhara. Under him, the Kushano-Sasanians further expanded their domains into the west, pushing the weakened Kushan Empire to Mathura in North India. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:In the Arbour]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Gierymski In the arbour.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''In the Arbour''''' (Polish: W altanie) is an oil painting created by Polish Realist painter Aleksander Gierymski in 1882. It is displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. In the painting is shown a social gathering of a group of aristocrats portrayed in 18th-century clothes, which takes place on a summer day in a garden. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:Imphal Peace Museum]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mni:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Imphal Peace Museum.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Imphal Peace Museum''' (IPM) (Meitei: Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen, Japanese: インパール平和資料館, romanized: Inpāru heiwa shiryōkan) is a WWII museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal and other WWII battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur.
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Saint John Church of Sohrol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Holy SURP Hovhannes Church.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Church of Saint John''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Յովհաննէս Եկեղեցի) is a 5th or 6th century Armenian Catholic church in Sohrol, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. It was rebuilt in 1840 by Samson Makintsev (Sam Khan; member of Bogatyr Battalion) in brick on the older church foundation. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2022 Melilla incident]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Massacre de Melilla]]) ([[:es:Tragedia de la valla de Melilla]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Conflict broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-39 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:George W. Johnson (singer)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:George W. Johnson, 1898.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''George Washington Johnson''' (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. Johnson was the first African American recording star of the phonograph 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-41 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Meitei classical language movement]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''social movement of Meitei language''' (officially known as &quot;Manipuri language&quot;) to achieve the officially recognised status of the &quot;Classical language of India&quot; is advocated by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura). 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Urânia Vanério]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Urânia Vanério]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Urânia Vanério de Argollo Ferrão''' (Salvador, 14 December 1811 — 3 December 1849) was a Brazilian teacher, writer and translator. In her childhood she witnessed the conflict between Brazilian and Portuguese troops in early 1822, in the context of the Bahia's Independence process, which led her to write the poem &quot;Lamentos de uma Baiana...&quot; (&quot;Laments of a girl from Bahia&quot;). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Pagoda of the Celestial Lady''' (Vietnamese: Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Women in Qatar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Shaikha Khalaf Al Mohammed, Mehbubeh Akhlaghi, Bahya Al-Hamad 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Women's rights in Qatar''' are restricted by the country's male guardianship law and influenced by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Both women and men were enfranchised in the country at the same time, in 1999. Labour force participation rates of Qatari women are above the world average and among the highest in the Arab World, which comes mainly as a result of an increasing number of Qatari women who are attaining academic degrees. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Truck art in South Asia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Truck art in South Asia''' is a popular form of regional decoration, with trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and calligraphy. It is especially common in Pakistan and India.

During the War in Afghanistan, Pakistani decorated trucks that ran services between Pakistan and Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by American troops and contractors who were deployed across the latter. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
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|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gorgany Nature Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:uk:Ґорґани (заповідник)]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Gorgany Syniak.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Gorgany Nature Reserve''' (Ukrainian: Ґорґани заповідник) is a strict nature reserve (a 'zapovidnyk') of Ukraine that covers a part of the Gorgany mountain range of the Outer Eastern Carpatians in southwest Ukraine. The reserve is 46% old-growth forest, one of the last and largest such stands in Europe. The reserve was originally created in 1996 to protect relic stands of Stone pine trees (Pinus cembra). The reserve is administratively in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pizza quattro formaggi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Pizza ai quattro formaggi]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Pizza quattro formaggi at restaurant, Chalk Farm Road, London.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pizza quattro formaggi''' (four cheese pizza) is a variety of pizza in Italian cuisine that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese, usually melted together, with (rossa, red) or without (bianca, white) tomato sauce. It is popular worldwide, including in Italy, and is one of the iconic items from pizzerias' menus.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Reiterstatue des Duke of Wellington (Glasgow)]]) ([[:es:Estatua de Wellington]]) ([[:ja:ウェリントン公爵騎馬像 (グラスゴー)]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Statue of the Duke of Wellington on his horse Copenhagen unveiled in front of the Royal Exchange, in Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow in 1844.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington''' located outside the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland, is one of Glasgow's most iconic landmarks.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Woman with Child]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:A Mulher Negra]])''&lt;/small&gt;   &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Eckhout, Albert - Mulher Africana.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Black Woman with Child''' is a circa 1650 full-length portrait painting by Albert Eckhout. It is in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Zakia Khudadadi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Zakia Khudadadi''' also spelt as Zakia Khodadadi (Pashto: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is an Afghan parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her maiden Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but she was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics after 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:57, 9 Enero 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Léopoldville riots]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Léopoldville riots damage.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Léopoldville riots''' were an outbreak of civil disorder in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) in the Belgian Congo which took place in January 1959 and which were an important moment for the Congolese independence movement. The rioting occurred when members of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) political party were not allowed to assemble for a protest and colonial authorities reacted harshly. The exact death toll is not known, but at least 49 people were killed and total casualties may have been as high as 500. Following these riots, a round table conference was organized in Brussels to negotiate the terms of Congo's independence, The Congo received its independence on 30 June 1960, becoming the Republic of the Congo.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides &quot;last mile&quot; delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:04, 27 Pebrero 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:47, 6 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:22, 13 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:31, 20 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]])        ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:40, 27 Marso 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:06, 17 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 10:06, 17 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]])        ''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 24 Abril 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland.

Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States.

She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 06:24, 1 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:37, 8 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:17, 15 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:46, 29 Mayo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]])         ''&lt;/small&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, 5 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date &quot;remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:07, 12 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:18, 26 Hunyo 2023 (UTC)''
&lt;/div&gt;
|}
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.&amp; R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 03:14, 7 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:&quot;Doings in Pittsburg Society&quot; The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:51, 14 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Insektengift]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:32, 21 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:16, 28 Agosto 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:49, 11 Setyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. 

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 16 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:50, 23 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christiaan Hendrik &quot;Hein&quot; Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:09, 30 Oktubre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

----
[[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:40, 8 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
&quot;'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called &quot;Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe&quot; (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn &quot;Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika&quot; into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 13 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur.

The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means &quot;gathering, meeting of a group&quot; and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, 04:07, 20 Nobyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:34, 4 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:26, 11 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:05, 18 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:58, 25 Disyembre 2023 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 02:11, 15 Enero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:03, 29 Enero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:23, 5 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 07:01, 12 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the &quot;'''grave with the little hands'''&quot; is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond.

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 13:24, 19 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:30, 26 Pebrero 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called &quot;The Black Patti&quot; in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:33, 4 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an &quot;anti-coup&quot; or a &quot;counter-coup&quot; (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week.

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:04, 11 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:53, 18 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:00, 25 Marso 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:15, 1 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:47, 8 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:53, 15 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:35, 22 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&amp;#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

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[[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:32, 29 Abril 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:27, 6 Mayo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:39, 13 Mayo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
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|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Turlough]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone.  

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:31, 20 Mayo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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[[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
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|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:14, 3 Hunyo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 ==

{| class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;&quot;
|-
|style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Please be bold and help translate this article!

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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates &amp; immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called &quot;machine grounds&quot;. Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:44, 1 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. 

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----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:15, 15 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:56, 22 Hulyo 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&amp;#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:13, 5 Agosto 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. 

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[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:13, 12 Agosto 2024 (UTC)''
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class.

The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies.

Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:29, 23 Setyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. 

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----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:57, 30 Setyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as &quot;little Danes&quot;. While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:16, 14 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:38, 21 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries.  

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:05, 28 Oktubre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:17, 4 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:09, 11 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:53, 18 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:57, 25 Nobyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:48, 2 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 9 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:45, 16 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:55, 23 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&amp;#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:37, 30 Disyembre 2024 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of &quot;national security&quot;. The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:56, 6 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:no:Julemerke]])&amp;#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 13 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&amp;#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 20 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam (&quot;Great Leader&quot;). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:30, 27 Enero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:21, 3 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 10 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer &quot;Yes&quot; or &quot;No&quot; to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:21, 17 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative &quot;informal and ad-hoc group&quot; in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:23, 24 Pebrero 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:50, 3 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. 

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----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive.

Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of &quot;immense artistic value&quot; by Le Monde. It has also been described as the &quot;Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema&quot; by The Guardian. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 24 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 03:52, 31 Marso 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 7 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:27, 14 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&amp;#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 21 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:57, 28 Abril 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. 

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----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 07:29, 5 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:29, 12 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&amp;#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:33, 19 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Tread plate]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato.

We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 06:04, 26 Mayo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&amp;#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 05:39, 2 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:33, 9 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Future self]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 16 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:18, 23 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:05, 30 Hunyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:10, 7 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
---[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 13:44, 14 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:28, 21 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:41, 28 Hulyo 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:21, 4 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. 

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----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:20, 11 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. 

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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:43, 18 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 25 Agosto 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. 

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----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:40, 1 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ja:トンスル]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee.

Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare.  

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:28, 8 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the &quot;Kapsan faction&quot;. This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 15 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&amp;#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:45, 22 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori.

Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:58, 29 Setyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:48, 6 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:06, 13 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' &quot;Final Solution&quot; to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:04, 20 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:52, 27 Oktubre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:52, 3 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity.

For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 10 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 17 Nobyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement.

There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The term &quot;'''halachic state'''&quot; (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 08:01, 1 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork.  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:29, 8 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:56, 15 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:26, 22 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:20, 29 Disyembre 2025 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso.

Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:45, 12 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze.

Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:14, 19 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese.

Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome.

Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:06, 26 Enero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:32, 2 Pebrero 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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----
[[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&amp;#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]]
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The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would &quot;not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland&quot;. It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory.

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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[[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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[[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:44, 16 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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----
[[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:07, 23 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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----
[[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:38, 30 Marso 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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----
[[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:27, 6 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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----
[[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:56, 13 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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----
[[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. 

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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:34, 20 Abril 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
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----
[[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait.

Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:16, 4 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:54, 11 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 04:05, 21 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:32, 25 Mayo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:56, 1 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 8 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:24, 15 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:52, 22 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 00:44, 29 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:35, 6 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:20, 13 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%).  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:18, 20 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:00, 27 Hulyo 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca.

Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo.

Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 17 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:15, 24 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:54, 31 Agosto 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 01:59, 7 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to &quot;human-made&quot;, &quot;proudly human&quot; and &quot;AI-free&quot;. Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:43, 14 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:02, 21 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:27, 28 Setyembre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 12:39, 5 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 02:09, 12 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Global South Women's Campaign 2026 ==
[[File:Campaña_mujeres_sur_global_2026.png|500px|center|Global South Women's Campaign 2026]]
[[File:PhilWiki Community.svg|right|150px|frameless|PhilWiki Community]]

Hi [[User:Kurigo|Kurigo]],

The [[meta:PhilWiki Community|PhilWiki Community]] joins [[:meta:Wikiesfera|Wikiesfera Grupo de Usuarias]] in the '''[[meta:PhilWiki Community/Diversity/Global South Women's Campaign 2026|Global South Women's Campaign 2026]]''', from October 16th to 30th, a virtual and asynchronous campaign to create, translate, and/or improve articles about women from the Global South to make their profiles and contexts visible on Wikipedia. 

We invite you to join the campaign either in-person or virtually. The event launch will be held on October 18 to be participated in by [[:meta:CNHS Wiki Club|CNHS Wiki Club]]. In-person editing sessions will be conducted by Wikiesfera Grupo de Usuarias at Librería La Fabulous, Madrid, and PhilWiki Community at Raul S. Roco Library during the celebration of the Philippines' honorary woman, former senator and education secretary, on October 26. The activities are part of PhilWiki Community's strategy on integrating Wikimedia projects into formal and informal learning environments while strengthening digital and information literacy across communities.

If you need any support to be able to participate in the campaign or conduct an editing session in your city, feel free to add your username in the [[:meta:PhilWiki_Community/Diversity/Global_South_Women%27s_Campaign_2026#Participants|participant's list]].

Thank you, [[Tagagamit:Filipinayzd|Filipinayzd]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Filipinayzd|kausapin]]) 05:49, 17 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-43 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Jalapeño popper]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cooking-food-stuffed-jalapenos-peppers.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Jalapeño poppers''', or jalapeño bites, are jalapeño peppers that have been hollowed out, stuffed with a mixture of cheese, spices, and sometimes ground meat, and breaded and deep-fried or wrapped with bacon and baked. They are a common dish on appetizer menus in chain restaurants in the United States. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
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--[[Tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:MediaWiki message delivery|kausapin]]) 07:15, 19 Oktubre 2026 (UTC)
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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-44 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:National Day of Bhutan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''National Day of Bhutan''' (Dzongkha: རྒྱལ་ཡོངས་དུས་ཆེན་; Wylie: rgyal yongs dus chen) known as Gyalyong Düchen is a major national event celebrated annually on 17 December in the Kingdom of Bhutan 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-45 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:AI washing]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''AI washing''' is a deceptive marketing tactic that consists of promoting a product or a service by overstating the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and the integration of it. Companies often involve in the practice to mislead customers to boost their offerings, and to secure funding from investors. The practice raises concerns regarding transparency, and legal issues. 

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== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-46 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Mekhala and Kanakhala]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[File:Mekhala.jpg|160px]][[File:Kanakhala.jpg|173px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Mekhala''' (Mekhalā or Mahakhala – &quot;Elder Mischievous Girl&quot;, &quot;The Elder Severed-Headed Sister&quot;) and '''Kanakhala''' (Kankhala, Kanakhalā – &quot;Younger Mischievous Girl&quot;, &quot;The Younger Severed-Headed Sister&quot;) are two sisters who figure in the eighty-four mahasiddhas (&quot;great adept&quot;) of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both are described as the disciples of another mahasiddha, Kanhapa (Krishnacharya). They are said to have severed their heads, offered them to their guru, and danced headless. Their legend is closely associated with the Buddhist severed-headed goddess Chinnamunda. 

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      <sha1>llrx7tufy39zi8l22z84254xx7p0gtg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mga taong puti</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241061</id>
      <parentid>2238807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T13:39:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mga lahi */</comment>
      <origin>2241061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7322" sha1="5tk7gangte6p3umcuunbjhafxupzk1a" xml:space="preserve">{{For|bansa|Mga bansang Ingles}}
[[Talaksan:European Ancestry Large.svg|thumb|250px|Ang mapa ng mga taong puti sa [[mundo]] na may malaking bilang sa populasyon.]]
Ang '''Mga taong puti''' o '''Caucasian race''', ([[Ingles]]); '''White people''' ay ang mga taong sitisen na naninirahan sa Norteng Pasipiko na makikita sa mga bahagi ng [[Hilagang Emisperyo]], [[Kanlurang Emisperyo]] at maging ang kontinente ng [[Awstralya]] sila yung mga tinatawag na [[Kaukasya]] o na nag mula sa [[Griyego]]ng bakod at ang kabuuang [[Europa]] kasama pa ang bansang [[United Kingdom]] at [[Ireland]]. Ang mga puting tao ay kasalungat mula sa mga tao'ng [[Austronesyo]] o yung mga taong kulay na ''[[Mga taong kayumanggi]]'' (Awstronesyano), ''[[Aprikanong Amerikano|Mga taong itim]]'' (Aprikano) at ''[[Intsik|Singkit]]'' (Asyano) na nag mula sa Oriental o [[Silangang Emisperyo]] sa kabuuang kontinente sa [[Asya]].&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0191453705055488?journalCode=pscb&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/events/race/Painter.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga lahi==
{{Main|Mga lahi at etnisidad sa Estados Unidos}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|-
!Lahi
!Origin
!Deskripsyon
|-
| [[Puting Amerikano]] {{flagicon|United States}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|United Kingdom}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Germany}} || {{See|Amerikanong Aleman}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Amerikano o Kano ay isa sa mga lahi ng puting tao na nakakapagsalita ng Ingles, ang mga ninuno nito ay nagmula pa sa Gitnang Europa noong mga dantaon nakalipas [[ika-20 siglo]] ang mga [[Aleman]] lahi ay ang pinakamalaking bilang ng lahi ng mga kano na nag migrate sa kalupaan pang panahon ng American-Indian estado, sumunod rito ang mga lahi ng Irlanda at Ingles mula pa sa United Kingdom. Kasama ang mga lahing kastila (Spain) at lahing Itim (Aprika).
|-
| Afrikaners {{flagicon|South Africa}} || {{flag|Netherlands}} || Ang mga Afrikaners, South Africans o White Africans ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti na nagmula sa kontinente ng Europa, Ang mga Afrikaners o White Africans ay may 80% bilang na populasyon sa Orania, habang ang mga itim na afrikaners ay mahigit na 73%, Ang mga White Afrikaners ang kanilang lahi ay mula sa bansang Olandes (Netherlands).
|-
| Arhentina {{flagicon|Argentina}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Italy}} || {{See|Arhentinong Italyano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Argentinians ay kabilang sa lahing puti na nagmula pa sa bansang [[Espanya]]. Ang mga Argentina ay may halong Italians, Germans, French, Irish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, Poles, Ukrainians, Lebanese, Jews, Syrians, Chinese, Koreans, at Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | pmc=4670080 | year=2015 | last1=Homburger | first1=J. R. | last2=Moreno-Estrada | first2=A. | last3=Gignoux | first3=C. R. | last4=Nelson | first4=D. | last5=Sanchez | first5=E. | last6=Ortiz-Tello | first6=P. | last7=Pons-Estel | first7=B. A. | last8=Acevedo-Vasquez | first8=E. | last9=Miranda | first9=P. | last10=Langefeld | first10=C. D. | last11=Gravel | first11=S. | last12=Alarcón-Riquelme | first12=M. E. | last13=Bustamante | first13=C. D. | title=Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America | journal=PLOS Genetics | volume=11 | issue=12 | pages=e1005602 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 | pmid=26636962 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Awstralyano]] {{flagicon|Australia}} || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || {{See|Awstralyanong Breton}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga puting Australyano ay kabilang sa lahi ng mga puting tao na nag migrate sa kontinente ng Karagatan/Australia, Ang mga Australian ay nagmula sa lahi ng mga Ingles sa [[Great Britain]] sa [[Londres]] na nagsisilbing simbolo ng kanilang bandila ay galing sa bandera ng [[United Kingdom]]. Simula ng mahalo ang mga ito sa Native Australian noong mga unang dantaon (BCE).
|-
| Brasilyano {{flagicon|Brazil}} || {{flag|Portugal}} || {{See|Brasilyanong Portuges}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga puting Brasilyano ay isa sa mga bilang sa mga lahi ng mga puting tao na nag migrate mula pa sa bansang [[Portugal]] sa [[Europa]] papunta sa bansang [[Brazil]] sa [[Timog Amerika]] kaya't sa kasalukuyan ito ang kanilang opisyal na wika daan'g siglo na ang nakalipas.
|-
| [[Euro]] {{flagicon|European Union}} || {{flag|Greece}} || Ang mga Euro ay ang ankang (''lahi'') ng Caucasians sa kalupaan ng [[Europa]] ang mga tao'ng ito ay ang pinagmulang salinlahi ng mga &quot;White race 90%&quot;, malaki ang impluwensya ng mga: [[Aleman]], [[Ingles]], [[Unggaro]], [[Tseko]], [[Italyano]] at [[Pranses]], kabilang ang [[Kastila]] ng kontinente sa [[Kanlurang Emisperyo]] sa [[Kaamerikahan]] ilang daan libo siglo na ang naka-lipas.
|-
| Colombia {{flagicon|Colombia}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}} || {{See|Hispanikong Amerikano}}&lt;br&gt;Karamihan sa mga Colombian ay kabilang sa puting lahi na nagmula sa [[Espanya]]. Ang mga Colombian ay nahaluan din ng mga Italyano, Germans, French, Irish, Lebanese, Jews, Syrians at Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | pmc=4670080 | year=2015 | last1=Homburger | first1=J. R. | last2=Moreno-Estrada | first2=A. | last3=Gignoux | first3=C. R. | last4=Nelson | first4=D. | last5=Sanchez | first5=E. | last6=Ortiz-Tello | first6=P. | last7=Pons-Estel | first7=B. A. | last8=Acevedo-Vasquez | first8=E. | last9=Miranda | first9=P. | last10=Langefeld | first10=C. D. | last11=Gravel | first11=S. | last12=Alarcón-Riquelme | first12=M. E. | last13=Bustamante | first13=C. D. | title=Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America | journal=PLOS Genetics | volume=11 | issue=12 | pages=e1005602 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 | pmid=26636962 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Kanada {{flagicon|Canada}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|United Kingdom}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|France}} || {{See|Europeong Kanadyano}}&lt;br&gt;{{See|Panitikang Kanadyano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Canadians o mga Puting kanado ay isa sa mga lahing puti na nag migrate sa bansang [[Kanada]] noong [[ika-20 siglo]]. Ang mga lahi nito ay nag mula pa sa [[Bretanya|Breton]] at [[Pranses]] na siyang silbing pangalawang lenguwahe ng mga Canadians sa loob ng Canada. Mahigit 80% na mga tao'ng populasyon nito ay &quot;French descent&quot; na matatagpuan sa kanluran at silangang rehiyon.
|-
| [[Mehikano]] {{flagicon|Mexico}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}} || {{See|Hispanikong Amerikano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Mehikano o mga puting Mexicans ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti, lehitimong espanyol ang mga mehikano dahil ang kanilang wikain ay kastila, Mahigit 90% na mga Mehikano ay Kastila daan taon na ang nakalipas.
|-
| [[Ruso]] {{flagicon|Russia}} || {{flag|European Union}} || {{See|Ang mga &quot;Russians&quot; o Ruso ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti na naninirahan sa bansang [[Russia]] ang pinakamalaking bansa sa [[mundo]]. Ang mga ito ay nag mula sa soberentiyang &quot;Soveit Union&quot; ng &quot;Russia&quot; karamihan nito ay sa kanluranin na kasamang katabi ng mga bansa sa &quot;Europa&quot;
|-
| Breton {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} || {{flag|Ireland}} || Ang mga puting Breton ay ang ika-anim na bilang ng lahing puti na nagmula sa kalupaan ng &quot;Great Britain&quot; ang ay pangunahing wikaing [[Ingles]] ang wikaing Internasyonal sa [[mundo]] mula sa [[Inglatera]], kasama pa ang mga &quot;Caucasiano&quot; o &quot;Europeo&quot;. Ang mga puting Breton ay nag migrate sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa mga estado ng [[Colorado]], [[Nevada]], [[Tennessee]] at [[Alabama]].
|}

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga lahi]]
[[Kategorya:Tao]]</text>
      <sha1>5tk7gangte6p3umcuunbjhafxupzk1a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241062</id>
      <parentid>2241061</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T13:41:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Mga lahi */</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7302" sha1="7ctu319qcwso2favfc17ve3n196k87e" xml:space="preserve">{{For|bansa|Mga bansang Ingles}}
[[Talaksan:European Ancestry Large.svg|thumb|250px|Ang mapa ng mga taong puti sa [[mundo]] na may malaking bilang sa populasyon.]]
Ang '''Mga taong puti''' o '''Caucasian race''', ([[Ingles]]); '''White people''' ay ang mga taong sitisen na naninirahan sa Norteng Pasipiko na makikita sa mga bahagi ng [[Hilagang Emisperyo]], [[Kanlurang Emisperyo]] at maging ang kontinente ng [[Awstralya]] sila yung mga tinatawag na [[Kaukasya]] o na nag mula sa [[Griyego]]ng bakod at ang kabuuang [[Europa]] kasama pa ang bansang [[United Kingdom]] at [[Ireland]]. Ang mga puting tao ay kasalungat mula sa mga tao'ng [[Austronesyo]] o yung mga taong kulay na ''[[Mga taong kayumanggi]]'' (Awstronesyano), ''[[Aprikanong Amerikano|Mga taong itim]]'' (Aprikano) at ''[[Intsik|Singkit]]'' (Asyano) na nag mula sa Oriental o [[Silangang Emisperyo]] sa kabuuang kontinente sa [[Asya]].&lt;ref&gt;https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0191453705055488?journalCode=pscb&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://glc.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/events/race/Painter.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga lahi==
{{Main|Mga lahi at etnisidad sa Estados Unidos}}
{|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|-
!Lahi
!Origin
!Deskripsyon
|-
| [[Puting Amerikano]] {{flagicon|United States}} || {{flag|United Kingdom}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Germany}} || {{See|Amerikanong Aleman}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Amerikano o Kano ay isa sa mga lahi ng puting tao na nakakapagsalita ng Ingles, ang mga ninuno nito ay nagmula pa sa Gitnang Europa noong mga dantaon nakalipas [[ika-20 siglo]] ang mga [[Aleman]] lahi ay ang pinakamalaking bilang ng lahi ng mga kano na nag migrate sa kalupaan pang panahon ng American-Indian estado, sumunod rito ang mga lahi ng Irlanda at Ingles mula pa sa United Kingdom. Kasama ang mga lahing kastila (Spain) at lahing Itim (Aprika).
|-
| Afrikaners {{flagicon|South Africa}} || {{flag|Netherlands}} || Ang mga Afrikaners, South Africans o White Africans ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti na nagmula sa kontinente ng Europa, Ang mga Afrikaners o White Africans ay may 80% bilang na populasyon sa Orania, habang ang mga itim na afrikaners ay mahigit na 73%, Ang mga White Afrikaners ang kanilang lahi ay mula sa bansang Olandes (Netherlands).
|-
| Arhentina {{flagicon|Argentina}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Italy}} || {{See|Arhentinong Italyano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Argentinians ay kabilang sa lahing puti na nagmula pa sa bansang [[Espanya]]. Ang mga Argentina ay may halong Italians, Germans, French, Irish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, Poles, Ukrainians, Lebanese, Jews, Syrians, Chinese, Koreans, at Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | pmc=4670080 | year=2015 | last1=Homburger | first1=J. R. | last2=Moreno-Estrada | first2=A. | last3=Gignoux | first3=C. R. | last4=Nelson | first4=D. | last5=Sanchez | first5=E. | last6=Ortiz-Tello | first6=P. | last7=Pons-Estel | first7=B. A. | last8=Acevedo-Vasquez | first8=E. | last9=Miranda | first9=P. | last10=Langefeld | first10=C. D. | last11=Gravel | first11=S. | last12=Alarcón-Riquelme | first12=M. E. | last13=Bustamante | first13=C. D. | title=Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America | journal=PLOS Genetics | volume=11 | issue=12 | pages=e1005602 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 | pmid=26636962 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| [[Awstralyano]] {{flagicon|Australia}} || {{flag|United Kingdom}} || {{See|Awstralyanong Breton}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga puting Australyano ay kabilang sa lahi ng mga puting tao na nag migrate sa kontinente ng Karagatan/Australia, Ang mga Australian ay nagmula sa lahi ng mga Ingles sa [[Great Britain]] sa [[Londres]] na nagsisilbing simbolo ng kanilang bandila ay galing sa bandera ng [[United Kingdom]]. Simula ng mahalo ang mga ito sa Native Australian noong mga unang dantaon (BCE).
|-
| Brasilyano {{flagicon|Brazil}} || {{flag|Portugal}} || {{See|Brasilyanong Portuges}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga puting Brasilyano ay isa sa mga bilang sa mga lahi ng mga puting tao na nag migrate mula pa sa bansang [[Portugal]] sa [[Europa]] papunta sa bansang [[Brazil]] sa [[Timog Amerika]] kaya't sa kasalukuyan ito ang kanilang opisyal na wika daan'g siglo na ang nakalipas.
|-
| [[Euro]] {{flagicon|European Union}} || {{flag|Greece}} || Ang mga Euro ay ang ankang (''lahi'') ng Caucasians sa kalupaan ng [[Europa]] ang mga tao'ng ito ay ang pinagmulang salinlahi ng mga &quot;White race 90%&quot;, malaki ang impluwensya ng mga: [[Aleman]], [[Ingles]], [[Unggaro]], [[Tseko]], [[Italyano]] at [[Pranses]], kabilang ang [[Kastila]] ng kontinente sa [[Kanlurang Emisperyo]] sa [[Kaamerikahan]] ilang daan libo siglo na ang naka-lipas.
|-
| Colombia {{flagicon|Colombia}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}} || {{See|Hispanikong Amerikano}}&lt;br&gt;Karamihan sa mga Colombian ay kabilang sa puting lahi na nagmula sa [[Espanya]]. Ang mga Colombian ay nahaluan din ng mga Italyano, Germans, French, Irish, Lebanese, Jews, Syrians at Africans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | pmc=4670080 | year=2015 | last1=Homburger | first1=J. R. | last2=Moreno-Estrada | first2=A. | last3=Gignoux | first3=C. R. | last4=Nelson | first4=D. | last5=Sanchez | first5=E. | last6=Ortiz-Tello | first6=P. | last7=Pons-Estel | first7=B. A. | last8=Acevedo-Vasquez | first8=E. | last9=Miranda | first9=P. | last10=Langefeld | first10=C. D. | last11=Gravel | first11=S. | last12=Alarcón-Riquelme | first12=M. E. | last13=Bustamante | first13=C. D. | title=Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America | journal=PLOS Genetics | volume=11 | issue=12 | pages=e1005602 | doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1005602 | pmid=26636962 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Kanada {{flagicon|Canada}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|United Kingdom}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|France}} || {{See|Europeong Kanadyano}}&lt;br&gt;{{See|Panitikang Kanadyano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Canadians o mga Puting kanado ay isa sa mga lahing puti na nag migrate sa bansang [[Kanada]] noong [[ika-20 siglo]]. Ang mga lahi nito ay nag mula pa sa [[Bretanya|Breton]] at [[Pranses]] na siyang silbing pangalawang lenguwahe ng mga Canadians sa loob ng Canada. Mahigit 80% na mga tao'ng populasyon nito ay &quot;French descent&quot; na matatagpuan sa kanluran at silangang rehiyon.
|-
| [[Mehikano]] {{flagicon|Mexico}} || {{flag|Siberia}}&lt;br&gt;{{flag|Spain}} || {{See|Hispanikong Amerikano}}&lt;br&gt;Ang mga Mehikano o mga puting Mexicans ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti, lehitimong espanyol ang mga mehikano dahil ang kanilang wikain ay kastila, Mahigit 90% na mga Mehikano ay Kastila daan taon na ang nakalipas.
|-
| [[Ruso]] {{flagicon|Russia}} || {{flag|European Union}} || {{See|Ang mga &quot;Russians&quot; o Ruso ay kabilang sa mga lahing puti na naninirahan sa bansang [[Russia]] ang pinakamalaking bansa sa [[mundo]]. Ang mga ito ay nag mula sa soberentiyang &quot;Soveit Union&quot; ng &quot;Russia&quot; karamihan nito ay sa kanluranin na kasamang katabi ng mga bansa sa &quot;Europa&quot;
|-
| Breton {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} || {{flag|Ireland}} || Ang mga puting Breton ay ang ika-anim na bilang ng lahing puti na nagmula sa kalupaan ng &quot;Great Britain&quot; ang ay pangunahing wikaing [[Ingles]] ang wikaing Internasyonal sa [[mundo]] mula sa [[Inglatera]], kasama pa ang mga &quot;Caucasiano&quot; o &quot;Europeo&quot;. Ang mga puting Breton ay nag migrate sa [[Estados Unidos]] sa mga estado ng [[Colorado]], [[Nevada]], [[Tennessee]] at [[Alabama]].
|}

==Sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga lahi]]
[[Kategorya:Tao]]</text>
      <sha1>7ctu319qcwso2favfc17ve3n196k87e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usapan:Virgo</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>318034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241073</id>
      <parentid>1955572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T20:08:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59341-03</username>
        <id>168603</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Panggagamot */ bagong seksiyon</comment>
      <origin>2241073</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="336" sha1="2h9l0mojhnuc5w6v1kwr1n0xj0w7uz9" xml:space="preserve">{{Isinalinwikang pahina|en|Virgo (astrology)}}

== Panggagamot ==
Isa sa naka sulat sa usaping Virgo ay may kakayahan sila na manggamot, at base sa pag ka basa ko ay sa anong pang gagamot ang tinutokoy nito?  [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/~2026-59341-03|~2026-59341-03]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:~2026-59341-03|talk]]) 20:08, 8 Nobyembre 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>2h9l0mojhnuc5w6v1kwr1n0xj0w7uz9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241074</id>
      <parentid>2241073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T20:22:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59341-03</username>
        <id>168603</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Ispiritual */ bagong seksiyon</comment>
      <origin>2241074</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="657" sha1="3uivjsy0ow5en6jx0i3se7azks3e719" xml:space="preserve">{{Isinalinwikang pahina|en|Virgo (astrology)}}

== Panggagamot ==
Isa sa naka sulat sa usaping Virgo ay may kakayahan sila na manggamot, at base sa pag ka basa ko ay sa anong pang gagamot ang tinutokoy nito?  [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/~2026-59341-03|~2026-59341-03]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:~2026-59341-03|talk]]) 20:08, 8 Nobyembre 2026 (UTC)

== Ispiritual  ==
Maari din bang maka pang-gamot ang mga Virgo kahit Third degree lang na kadugo mo Halimbawa is ang kapatid ng Lola mo, at alam mong siya lang ang may kakayahan na manggamot. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/~2026-59341-03|~2026-59341-03]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:~2026-59341-03|talk]]) 20:22, 8 Nobyembre 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3uivjsy0ow5en6jx0i3se7azks3e719</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241083</id>
      <parentid>2241074</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T00:53:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59237-74</username>
        <id>168563</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid 2 revisions from [[Special:Diff/2241073|2241073]] until [[Special:Diff/2241074|2241074]]</comment>
      <origin>2241083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="46" sha1="mmzbzbvhj3jwjyv078blmioej4jb1oi" xml:space="preserve">{{Isinalinwikang pahina|en|Virgo (astrology)}}</text>
      <sha1>mmzbzbvhj3jwjyv078blmioej4jb1oi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Henry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>319543</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241119</id>
      <parentid>2221429</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:33:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241119</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="973" sha1="99jrpg9flf0wbexxgpe61hllvitrtta" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Henry''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

* Bagyong Henry (2006) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Prapiroon.
* Bagyong Henry (2010) - ay isang malalang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Malou, sa Karagatang Pasipiko.
* Bagyong Henry (2014) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 2, na may internasyonal na pangalang Matmo.
* Bagyong Henry (2018) - ay isang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Batanes]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Son-Tinh.
* [[Super Bagyong Henry|Super Bagyong Henry (2022)]] - ay isang kasalukuyang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]].
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)]] - ay isang bagyo sa Luzon, Pilipinas na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Maysak''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Gardo (paglilinaw)|Gardo]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Henry|after=[[Bagyong Inday (paglilinaw)|Inday]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>99jrpg9flf0wbexxgpe61hllvitrtta</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241138</id>
      <parentid>2241119</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:18:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241138</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1022" sha1="s4tcraoo8ht5gfvqr4ehalvsc2vspkc" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Henry''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Hambalos noong 2002.

* Bagyong Henry (2006) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Prapiroon.
* Bagyong Henry (2010) - ay isang malalang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Malou, sa Karagatang Pasipiko.
* Bagyong Henry (2014) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 2, na may internasyonal na pangalang Matmo.
* Bagyong Henry (2018) - ay isang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Batanes]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Son-Tinh.
* [[Super Bagyong Henry|Super Bagyong Henry (2022)]] - ay isang kasalukuyang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]].
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)]] - ay isang bagyo sa Luzon, Pilipinas na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Maysak''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Gardo (paglilinaw)|Gardo]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Henry|after=[[Bagyong Inday (paglilinaw)|Inday]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Henry}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>s4tcraoo8ht5gfvqr4ehalvsc2vspkc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Ramil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>319546</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241147</id>
      <parentid>2227726</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241147</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="898" sha1="9tu6y3zv81bqeuypa60gq32rmfq82bd" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Ramil''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Roleta}} noong 2000.

* Bagyong Ramil (2009) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 5, na may internasyonal na pangalang Lupit.
* [[Bagyong Ramil (2013)]] - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 4, na may internasyonal na pangalang Danas, sa Karagatang Pasipiko.
* [[Bagyong Ramil (2017)]] - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 2, na may internasyonal na pangalang Damrey.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Ramil (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Ramil (2025)]] - ay isang maulang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Luzon]] noong ika Oktubre 2025.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Ramil (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Quedan|Quedan]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Ramil|after=[[Bagyong Salome|Salome]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramil}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>9tu6y3zv81bqeuypa60gq32rmfq82bd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Luis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>319549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241136</id>
      <parentid>2222752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:17:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241136</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="832" sha1="13tpxh12vepc7y0oochl0hd182lx957" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Luis''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Lagalag}} noong 2002.

* Bagyong Luis (2006) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 5, na may internasyonal na pangalang Shanshan.
* Bagyong Luis (2014) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Kalmeigi.
* Bagyong Luis (2018) - ay isang mahinang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Luis (2022) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Roke.
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay]] (2026) - ay ang dalawang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Kujira''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Kiyapo|Kiyapo]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Luis|after=[[Bagyong Maymay|Maymay]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luis}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>13tpxh12vepc7y0oochl0hd182lx957</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241139</id>
      <parentid>2241136</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:19:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241139</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="823" sha1="sm0rwc40h04eqv9xgv7wmdzdeq05fss" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Luis''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Lagalag noong 2002.

* Bagyong Luis (2006) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 5, na may internasyonal na pangalang Shanshan.
* Bagyong Luis (2014) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Kalmeigi.
* Bagyong Luis (2018) - ay isang mahinang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Luis (2022) - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 1, na may internasyonal na pangalang Roke.
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay]] (2026) - ay ang dalawang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Kujira''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Kiyapo|Kiyapo]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Luis|after=[[Bagyong Maymay|Maymay]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Luis}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>sm0rwc40h04eqv9xgv7wmdzdeq05fss</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Ester</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320032</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241125</id>
      <parentid>2226735</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:36:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241125</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="984" sha1="row0uk6ayybid4vtml688ofwric8mjs" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Ester''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa [[PAGASA]] sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko|Kanlurang Pasipiko]].

* Bagyong Ester (2006) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] na may internasyonal na pangalang Ewiniar.
* Bagyong Ester (2010) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Dianmu.
* Bagyong Ester (2014) - ay isang malakas bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Mitag, na tumama sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Ester (2018) - ay isang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Gaemi, na dumaan sa [[Dagat Hapon]].
* [[Bagyong Ester (2022)]] - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Pilipinas]] at [[Timog Korea]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Trases.
* Bagyong Ester (2026) - ay isang tropikal depresyon sa Dagat Luzon.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Domeng|Domeng]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Ester|after=[[Bagyong Francisco|Francisco]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ester}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>row0uk6ayybid4vtml688ofwric8mjs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241140</id>
      <parentid>2241125</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:20:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241140</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1031" sha1="6167h57aqypq5brj270wmlbyu942hsv" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Ester''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa [[PAGASA]] sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko|Kanlurang Pasipiko]].

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Espada noong 2002.

* Bagyong Ester (2006) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] na may internasyonal na pangalang Ewiniar.
* Bagyong Ester (2010) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Dianmu.
* Bagyong Ester (2014) - ay isang malakas bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Mitag, na tumama sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Ester (2018) - ay isang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Gaemi, na dumaan sa [[Dagat Hapon]].
* [[Bagyong Ester (2022)]] - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Pilipinas]] at [[Timog Korea]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Trases.
* Bagyong Ester (2026) - ay isang tropikal depresyon sa Dagat Luzon.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Domeng|Domeng]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Ester|after=[[Bagyong Francisco|Francisco]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ester}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>6167h57aqypq5brj270wmlbyu942hsv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Domeng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241122</id>
      <parentid>2202175</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:36:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="960" sha1="l6nzqzq8k5d3g2pr1xa29u6fnpwzi00" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Domeng''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa [[PAGASA]] sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko|Kanlurang Pasipiko]].

* Bagyong Domeng (2006) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, na dumaan sa [[Kabisayaan|gitnang Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Jelawat.
* Bagyong Domeng (2010) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Pilipinas]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2014) - ay isang malakas bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Peipah, na tumama sa [[Palau]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2018) - ay isang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Maliksi, sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2022) - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Japan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Aere''.
* Bagyong Domeng (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa Pilipinas na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Jangmi''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Caloy|Caloy]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Domeng|after=[[Bagyong Ester|Ester]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Domeng}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>l6nzqzq8k5d3g2pr1xa29u6fnpwzi00</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241142</id>
      <parentid>2241122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:20:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241142</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1006" sha1="mv5hf1i5fte07itddpd764iwf64g2ks" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Domeng''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa [[PAGASA]] sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko|Kanlurang Pasipiko]].

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Dagul noong 2002.

* Bagyong Domeng (2006) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, na dumaan sa [[Kabisayaan|gitnang Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Jelawat.
* Bagyong Domeng (2010) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, sa [[Pilipinas]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2014) - ay isang malakas bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Peipah, na tumama sa [[Palau]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2018) - ay isang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Maliksi, sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]].
* Bagyong Domeng (2022) - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Japan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Aere''.
* Bagyong Domeng (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa Pilipinas na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Jangmi''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Caloy|Caloy]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Domeng|after=[[Bagyong Ester|Ester]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Domeng}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>mv5hf1i5fte07itddpd764iwf64g2ks</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Caloy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320034</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241121</id>
      <parentid>2202174</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:35:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241121</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="959" sha1="7riir3s0ssk5urxnl4ctnuyl8mxec58" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Caloy''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa [[PAGASA]] sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko|Kanlurang Pasipiko]].

* Bagyong Caloy (2006) - ay isang tropikal bagyo, na dumaan sa [[Timog Luzon]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Chanchu.
* Bagyong Caloy (2010) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Pilipinas]] at [[Tsina]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Chanthu.
* Bagyong Caloy (2014) - ay isang malakas bagyo sa Pilipinas, na dumaan sa [[Mindanao]].
* Bagyong Caloy (2018) - ay isang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Jelawat, sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]].
* Bagyong Caloy (2022) - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Tsina]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Chaba.
* Bagyong Caloy (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa Pilipinas na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Hagupit''.


{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Basyang|Basyang]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Caloy|after=[[Bagyong Domeng|Domeng]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caloy}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>7riir3s0ssk5urxnl4ctnuyl8mxec58</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Neneng</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241169</id>
      <parentid>2226358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:11:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241169</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="891" sha1="fy6fty8hom926wubrk9uuvre0zgtzpd" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Neneng''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Norming noong 1998.

* Bagyong Neneng (2006) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Bebinca.
* Bagyong Neneng (2014) - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Phanfone.
* Bagyong Neneng (2018) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Tsina]], [[Taiwan]] at [[Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Barijat.
* [[Bagyong Neneng (2022)]] - ay isang bagyong nanalasa sa dulo ng [[Hilagang Luzon]], partikular sa [[Batanes]]. 
* Bagyong Neneng (2026) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Gaenari.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Maymay|Maymay]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Neneng|after=[[Bagyong Obet|Obet]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neneng}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>fy6fty8hom926wubrk9uuvre0zgtzpd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Maymay</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241117</id>
      <parentid>2226357</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:31:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241117</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="655" sha1="az9t4b4hbnp0ybddargwaxkrlkpeelf" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Maymay''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Mario]] noong 2014.

* Bagyong Maymay (2018) - ay isang malakas na bagyong tumama sa [[Japan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Jebi.
* Bagyong Maymay (2022) - ay ang kasalukuyang bagyo sa [[Pilipinas]], na dadaan sa [[Hilagang Luzon]].
* Bagyong Maymay (2026) - ay ang dalawang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Peilou''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Luis|Luis]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Maymay|after=[[Bagyong Neneng|Neneng]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maymay}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>az9t4b4hbnp0ybddargwaxkrlkpeelf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Queenie</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241135</id>
      <parentid>2239782</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:16:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241135</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="959" sha1="lo91ocvzkcv2g322j4t71u7cji8iorg" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''[[Reyna|Queenie]]''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Quadro}} noong 2002.

* Bagyong Queenie (2006) - ay isang malakas na bagyong tumama sa [[Gitnang Luzon]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Chebi.
* Bagyong Queenie (2014) - ay isang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Mindanao]] at [[Kabisayaan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Sinlaku.
* Bagyong Queenie (2018) - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Kong-rey.
* Bagyong Queenie (2022) - ay isang mahinang bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] na pinangalanang Banyan.
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)]] - ay isang bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]] na may may internasyonal na pangalang Surigae.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Pilandok|Pilandok]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Queenie|after=[[Bagyong Rosal|Rosal]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Queenie}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>lo91ocvzkcv2g322j4t71u7cji8iorg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Tomas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241130</id>
      <parentid>2226433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:39:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241130</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="808" sha1="ti18ph5xdnpddekji3kh3d30bue45go" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Tomas''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko, Na ipinalit sa sa pangalang ''Tagbanwa'' noong taon 2002.

* Bagyong Tomas (2006) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Silangang Kabisayaan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Trami.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2010)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2014)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* Bagyong Tomas (2018) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Man-yi.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2026)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Samuel|Samuel]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Tomas|after={{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Umberto|Umberto]]}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomas}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>ti18ph5xdnpddekji3kh3d30bue45go</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241160</id>
      <parentid>2241130</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:01:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241160</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="810" sha1="tmxak7g1srhls7fuauw62fzayno68f5" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Tomas''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko, 

Na ipinalit sa sa pangalang ''Tagbanwa'' noong taon 2002.

* Bagyong Tomas (2006) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Silangang Kabisayaan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Trami.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2010)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2014)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* Bagyong Tomas (2018) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Man-yi.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tomas (2026)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Samuel|Samuel]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Tomas|after={{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Umberto|Umberto]]}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomas}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>tmxak7g1srhls7fuauw62fzayno68f5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Dante</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320294</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241149</id>
      <parentid>2202216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:32:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241149</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267" sha1="n44qy95bmerogx3ghoan6xorfov150k" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Dante''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Darna}} noong 2001.

* Bagyong Dante (2005) - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Nesat.
* [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2009|Bagyong Dante (2009)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Kujira.
* [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2013|Bagyong Dante (2013)]] - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Yagi.
* [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2017|Bagyong Dante (2017)]] - ay isang tropikal bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Muifa.
* [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2021|Bagyong Dante (2021)]] - ay isang tropikal depresyon na dumaan sa [[Timog Katagalugan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Choi-wan.
* [[Bagyong Dante (2025)]] - ay isang kasalukuyang tropikal depresyon sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]].
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Dante (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Chico}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Dante|after={{tcname unused|Elias}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dante}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>n44qy95bmerogx3ghoan6xorfov150k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Tino (paglilinaw)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241132</id>
      <parentid>2227725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:49:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241132</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="774" sha1="l6cilx70jvzfpurvwfkoxcrtu3poqk3" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Tino''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

* Bagyong Tino (2009) - ay isang tropikal depresyon sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]].
* [[Bagyong Tino (2013)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Wipha.
* [[Bagyong Tino (2017)]] - ay isang maulang bagyo sa [[Palawan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Kiroji.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tino (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Tino|Bagyong Tino (2025)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa Pilipinas na papangalanan sa internasyonal bilang Kalmaegi.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Salome|Salome]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Tino|after=Uwan}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tino}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>l6cilx70jvzfpurvwfkoxcrtu3poqk3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241145</id>
      <parentid>2241132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:25:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241145</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="831" sha1="g61krokcjii0cbxvm46i0z9411wpmd3" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Tino''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Talahib}} noong 2001.

* Bagyong Tino (2009) - ay isang tropikal depresyon sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]].
* [[Bagyong Tino (2013)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Wipha.
* [[Bagyong Tino (2017)]] - ay isang maulang bagyo sa [[Palawan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Kiroji.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Tino (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Tino|Bagyong Tino (2025)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa Pilipinas na papangalanan sa internasyonal bilang Kalmaegi.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Salome|Salome]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Tino|after=Uwan}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tino}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>g61krokcjii0cbxvm46i0z9411wpmd3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Paolo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320299</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241148</id>
      <parentid>2227717</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:29:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241148</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="853" sha1="hsj9q0011zikgxurvgb4vnrhgwgyhxa" xml:space="preserve">{{Distinguish|Bagyong Pablo (paglilinaw)}}
Ang pangalang '''Paolo''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Pepeng noong 2009.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Pepeng]] noong 2009.

* [[Bagyong Paolo (2013)]] - ay isang bagyo na nasa Kategoryang 3 sa bansang [[Biyetnam]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Wutip.
* Bagyong Paolo (2017) - ay isang malakas bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Lan.
* [[Bagyong Paolo (2025)]] - ay ang kasalukuyang bagyo sa Pilipinas, na papangalanan sa internasyonal bilang Matmo.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Paolo (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Omar}}|title=Kapalitan|years=Paolo|after=[[Bagyong Quedan|Quedan]]}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paolo}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>hsj9q0011zikgxurvgb4vnrhgwgyhxa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Tonyo (paglilinaw)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>320316</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241156</id>
      <parentid>2222809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:56:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241156</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="717" sha1="ouj9c6sc4l8wceeehg4ufh30t7ibybz" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Tonyo''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Toyang noong 2000.

* Bagyong Tonyo (2004) - ay isang malakas bagyong nanalasa sa [[Japan]] at [[Taiwan]], na may internasyonal na pangalang Nock-ten.
* Bagyong Tonyo (2008) - ay isang bagyo na nanalasa sa bansang [[Biyetnam]]. na may internasyonal na pangalang Noul.
* [[Bagyong Tonyo (2020)]] - ay isang bagyo na nanalasa sa bansang [[Biyetnam]]. na may internasyonal na pangalang Etau.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Siony|Siony]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Tonyo|after={{tcname unused|Upang}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tonyo}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>ouj9c6sc4l8wceeehg4ufh30t7ibybz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Butchoy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321277</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241158</id>
      <parentid>2226711</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:58:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241158</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="451" sha1="mysxptgzl6w3wbk7vftxo7e5z73zjmn" xml:space="preserve">Maaring tumukoy ang '''Bagyong Butchoy''' sa:

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Biring noong 2000.

*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2004)]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2008)]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2012)]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2016)]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2020)]]
*[[{{PAGENAME}} (2024)]]

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Amuyao}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Butchoy|after=[[Bagyong Carina (paglilinaw)|Carina]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Butchoy}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>mysxptgzl6w3wbk7vftxo7e5z73zjmn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Miss Universe 1975</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321558</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241188</id>
      <parentid>2241038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:31:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Allyriana000</username>
        <id>119761</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241188</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45429" sha1="7khplm998fcsn6r94rig393zohl7nh3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox beauty pageant|winner='''[[Anne Marie Pohtamo]]'''|date=19 Hulyo 1975|presenters={{Hlist|Bob Barker|Helen O'Connell}}|venue=Gimnasio Nacional José Adolfo Pineda, [[San Salvador]], [[El Salvador]]|broadcaster=&lt;small&gt;'''Internasyonal''':&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{Hlist|[[CBS]]}}&lt;small&gt;'''Opisyal''':&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{Hlist|TV6 El Salvador Color}}|entrants=71|placements=12|debuts={{Hlist|Belise|Mawrisyo|Rehiyon ng Mikronesya|Samoang Amerikano}}|withdraws={{Hlist|Honduras|Portugal|Senegal|Suriname|Tsipre}}|returns={{Hlist|Dinamarka|Ekwador|Guatemala|Hayti|Maruekos|Peru|Timog Aprika}}|congeniality=Christine Mary Jackson &lt;br&gt; {{flagu|Trinidad at Tobago}}|photogenic=Martha Echeverri &lt;br&gt; {{flagu|Kolombya }} &lt;br&gt; Summer Bartholomew &lt;br&gt; {{flagu|Estados Unidos}}|best national costume=Emy Elivia Abascal &lt;br&gt; {{flagu|Guatemala}}|before=[[Miss Universe 1974|1974]]|next=[[Miss Universe 1976|1976]]|represented={{flagicon|Finland}} Pinlandiya|caption=Anne Marie Pohtamo|image=Anne Marie Pohtamo.jpg}}

Ang '''Miss Universe 1975''' ay ang ika-24 na edisyon ng [[Miss Universe]] pageant, na ginanap sa Gimnasio Nacional José Adolfo Pineda, San Salvador, El Salvador noong 19 Hulyo 1975. Ito rin ang unang edisyon ng kompetisyon na ginanap sa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng Gulf+Western Industries.

Pagkatapos ng kompetisyon, kinoronahan ni [[Miss Universe 1972]] [[Kerry Anne Wells]] si [[Anne Marie Pohtamo]] ng Pinlandiya bilang Miss Universe 1975.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hulyo 1975 |title=Finnish model new Miss Universe |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Independent |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76620195/miss-haiti-1975/ |access-date=23 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223080349/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76620195/miss-haiti-1975/|archive-date=23 Disyembre 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hulyo 1975 |title=Miss Finlandia electa anoche Miss Universo |language=es |pages=80 |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rjcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4251%2C11157354 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=Miss Finland crowned Miss Universe last night|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ito ang ikalawang tagumpay ng Pinlandiya sa kasaysayan ng kompetisyon. Nagtapos bilang first runner-up si Gerthie David ng Hayti, habang nagtapos bilang second runner-up si Summer Bartholomew ng Estados Unidos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Hulyo 1975 |title=Quest |language=en |pages=4 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110648374?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=17 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindi kinoronahan ni [[Amparo Muñoz]] ng Espanya ang kaniyang kahalili matapos nitong bumitaw sa pwesto noong Enero 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 Hunyo 2021|title=Amparo Munoz: Her bittersweet reign|url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/06/amparo-munoz-her-bittersweet-reign/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250122155457/https://mb.com.ph/2021/06/06/amparo-munoz-her-bittersweet-reign/|archive-date=22 Enero 2025|access-date=3 Nobyembre 2026|website=[[Manila Bulletin]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mga kandidata mula sa pitumpu't-isang bansa at teritoryo ang lumahok sa kompetisyong ito. Pinangunahan ni Bob Barker ang kompetisyon sa ikasiyam na pagkakataon, samantalang si Helen O'Connell ang nagbigay ng komentaryo sa buong kompetisyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Barker |first=Bob |date=7 Hulyo 1975 |title=Beautiful girls 'star' in pageant |language=en |pages=31 |work=Sioux City Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106318228/barker-column-july-7-1975/ |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114065554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/106318228/barker-column-july-7-1975/|archive-date=14 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Barker |first=Bob |date=16 Hulyo 1975 |title=Host job great reward |language=en |pages=12B |work=The Evening Independent |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=U_4LAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=GFgDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5931%2C165171 |access-date=17 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasaysayan ==
[[Talaksan:Gimnasio José Adolfo Pineda.JPG|thumb|Gimnasio Nacional José Adolfo Pineda, ang lokasyon ng Miss Universe 1975|250x250px]]

=== Lokasyon at petsa ng kompetisyon ===
Noong 3 Agosto 1971, naglagda ng kontrata ang Miss Universe Organization at ang Government Economic Development Administrator ng Puerto Rico upang dalhin ang Miss Universe at Miss USA sa San Juan mula 1972 hanggang 1976.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 Agosto 1971 |title=PR gets Miss Universe contest for five years |language=en |pages=1, 15 |work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SyQwAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=pkQDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2614%2C2960258 |access-date=26 Disyembre 2022|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gayunpaman, kinansela ng pamahalaan ng Puerto Rico ang kasunduan noong Pebrero 1973 dahil ayon sa mga opisyal ng pamahalaan ng Puerto Rico, ilegal diumano ang kasunduan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Pebrero 1973 |title=Pageant may move to Latin America |language=en |pages=10 |work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ErxOAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=260DAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5963%2C4130653 |access-date=5 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong 31 Disyembre 1974, inanunsyo ng pangulo ng Miss Universe Inc. na si Harold Glasser na ang Miss Universe 1975 ''pageant'' ay gaganapin sa San Salvador, El Salvador sa 19 Hulyo 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 Hulyo 1975 |title=Karate guard for beauty queens |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19750708-1.1.3 |access-date=17 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sa araw ng kompetisyon, ilang grupo ng mga armadong hukbo na may mga ''submachine gun'' ang nakalibot sa lokasyon kung saan gaganapin ang kompetisyon upang itigil ang mga demonstrasyon ng mga mag-aaral na nagpoprotesta sa paggasta ng Pamahalaan ng El Salvador ng $1-milyon para sa paligsahan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 1975 |title=Trouble threatens Miss Universe contest |language=en |pages=12 |work=Amigoe di Curacao |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010460697:mpeg21:p012 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ilang oras bago ang kompetisyon, isang bomba ang sumabog sa gitna ng San Salvador bilang protesta laban sa Miss Universe ''pageant'' na nakasugat sa isang sibilyan, at nakapinsala sa National Tourist Office ng El Salvador, na siyang nag-organisa sa ''pageant.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hulyo 1975 |title=Protest Bombing In San Salvador |language=en-US |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/20/archives/protest-bombing-in-san-salvador.html |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330102418/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/20/archives/protest-bombing-in-san-salvador.html|archive-date=30 Marso 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang linggo matapos ang kompetisyon, nagkaroon ng mga protesta sa mga lungsod ng Santa Ana at San Salvador na nagresulta sa ''1975 Salvadoran student massacre.'' Ayon sa pamahalaang militar ng El Salvador, isa ang namatay, lima ang nasugatan, at labing-isa ang nakulong, ngungit ayon sa mga estudyanteng lumahok sa mga protesta, mahigit-kumulang labindalawa ang namatay, dalawampu ang nasugatan, at apatnapu ang nakulong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 Agosto 1975 |title=Unrest growing in El Salvador |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/10/archives/unrest-growing-in-el-salvador-demonstrations-put-down-after-protest.html |access-date=22 Nobyembre 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720015144/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/10/archives/unrest-growing-in-el-salvador-demonstrations-put-down-after-protest.html|archive-date=20 Hulyo 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagpili ng mga kalahok ===
Ang mga kalahok mula sa pitumpu't-isang mga bansa at teritoryo ay napili upang lumahok sa kompetisyon. Dalawang kandidata ang nailuklok upang kumatawan sa kanilang bansa/teritoryo matapos ang pag-urong ng orihinal na kalahok.

==== Mga pagpalit ====
Iniluklok ang first runner-up ng Miss Spain 1974 na si Consuelo Martin bilang kandidata ng [[Espanya]] matapos bitawan ni Miss Spain 1974 Natividad Rodriguez ang titulo pagkatapos nitong sumali sa Miss World.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=1 Setyembre 2020 |title=Se cumplen 46 años que la herreña María Natividad Rodríguez Fuentes gana Miss España |trans-title=It has been 46 years since María Natividad Rodríguez Fuentes from El Hierro won Miss Spain |url=https://elhierrobimbache.es/se-cumplen-46-anos-que-la-herrena-maria-natividad-rodriguez-fuentes-gana-miss-espana/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261102182025/https://elhierrobimbache.es/se-cumplen-46-anos-que-la-herrena-maria-natividad-rodriguez-fuentes-gana-miss-espana/ |archive-date=2 Nobyembre 2026 |access-date=3 Nobyembre 2026 |website=El Hierro Bimbache |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iniluklok ang third runner-up ng Miss Thailand Universe 1975 na si Wanlaya Thonawanik matapos piliin ni Miss Thailand Universe 1975 Sirikwan Nantasiri na ituloy ang kaniyang karera sa pelikula.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=19 Oktubre 2013 |title=Sex Bombs: 10 Thai beauties from the 60s and 70s |url=https://coconuts.co/bangkok/lifestyle/sex-bombs-10-thai-beauties-60s-and-70s/ |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Coconuts |language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826114925/https://coconuts.co/bangkok/lifestyle/sex-bombs-10-thai-beauties-60s-and-70s/|archive-date=26 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mga unang pagsali, pagbalik, at pag-urong sa kompetisyon ====
Unang sumali sa edisyong ito ang mga bansang Belise, Mawrisyo, rehiyon ng Mikronesya, at Samoang Amerikano, at bumalik ang mga bansang Dinamarka, Ekwador, Guatemala, Hayti, Maruekos, Peru, at Timog Aprika. Huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 1961|1961]] ang Guatemala, noong [[Miss Universe 1966|1966]] ang Maruekos, noong [[Miss Universe 1968|1968]] ang Hayti at Timog Aprika, noong [[Miss Universe 1972|1972]] ang Ekwador at Peru, at noong [[Miss Universe 1973|1973]] ang Dinamarka. Hindi sumali ang mga bansang Honduras, Portugal, Senegal, Suriname, at Tsipre sa edisyong ito. Hindi sumali si Miss Suriname 1975 Mavis Slengard dahil ito ay may sakit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1975 |title=Miss Suriname niet internationaal contest |language=nl |pages=10 |work=Vrije Stem |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011021184:mpeg21:p010 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher|trans-title=Miss Suriname will not compete internationally}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindi sumali ang mga bansang Honduras, Portugal, Senegal, at Tsipre matapos na mabigo ang kanilang mga organisasyong pambansa na magdaos ng kompetisyong pambansa o magtalaga ng kalahok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gámez|first=Sabino|date=25 Abril 2008|title=El Miss Honduras, una historia que contar|url=https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/el-miss-honduras-una-historia-que-contar-ATLP695720|access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026|website=La Prensa|language=es-HN|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261025044257/https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/el-miss-honduras-una-historia-que-contar-ATLP695720|archive-date=25 Oktubre 2026|trans-title=Miss Honduras: A Story to Tell}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dapat sanang kakalahok sa edisyong ito sina Eloise Jubienne ng [[Guadalupe (Pransya)|Guadalupe]], Dorothy McKoy ng [[Kapuluang Kayman|Kapuluang Cayman]], Sissel Gulbrandsen ng [[Noruwega]], at Vinah Thembi Mamba ng [[Eswatini|Suwasilandiya]]. Gayunpaman, hindi sila nakasali dahil sa hindi isiniwalat na dahilan. Kakalahok din sana si Eva Arni ng [[Papua New Guinea|Papua Bagong Guinea]], subalit hindi ito nakasali dahil nanalo na ito sa kompetisyong internasyonal. Sumali si Arni sa [[Miss Universe 1976|susunod na edisyon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 Mayo 1975 |title=Black Eva scores a beauty 'first' |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750526-1.2.17.2 |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga resulta ==
[[Talaksan:Miss Universe 1975 map.png|thumb|250x250px|Mga bansa at teritoryong sumali sa Miss Universe 1975 at ang kanilang mga pagkakalagay.]]

=== Mga pagkakalagay ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot; 
!Pagkakalagay
!Kandidata
|-
|'''Miss Universe 1975'''
|
* '''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]''' – '''[[Anne Marie Pohtamo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;'''
|-
|1st runner-up
|
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg}} [[Haiti|Hayti]] – Gerthie David&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2nd runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]] – Summer Bartholomew&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|-
|3rd runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]] – Catharina Sjödahl&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|-
|4th runner-up
|
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Binibining Pilipinas|Pilipinas]] – Rose Marie Brosas&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Top 12
|
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]] – Ingrid Budag&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador]] – Carmen Figueroa&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]] – Sachiko Nakayama&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]] – Vicki Harris&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]] – Julie Farnham&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]] – Orit Cooper&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|COL}} [[Colombia|Kolombya]] – Martha Lucia Echeverri&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Mga espesyal na parangal ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Parangal
!(Mga) Nagwagi
|-
|Miss Photogenic
|
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]] – Summer Bartholomew&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 1975 |title=Título de la más fotogénica quedó compartido entre Estados Unidos y Colombia |language=es |pages=4C |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rjcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3419%2C10723847 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=The title for the most photogenic contestant was shared between the United States and Colombia.|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|COL}} [[Colombia|Kolombya]] – Martha Lucía Echeverri&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
|Miss Congeniality
|
* {{flagicon|TTO}} [[Trinidad at Tobago]] – Christine Jackson&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hulyo 1975 |title=Finnish lass Miss Universe |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Press-Courier |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JC9LAAAAIBAJ&amp;lpg=PA2&amp;dq=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Trinidad%22&amp;pg=PA2#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Trinidad%22&amp;f=false |access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Best National Costume
|
* {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala|Guatemala]] – Emy Abascal&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 Mayo 2021 |title=Which Country Has Won the Most National Costume Titles at Miss Universe? |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/miss-universe-country-most-national-costume-titles-a00203-20210514 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Esquire |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251113081722/https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/lifestyle/miss-universe-country-most-national-costume-titles-a00203-20210514|archive-date=13 Nobyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Kompetisyon ==

=== Pormat ng kompetisyon ===
Tulad noong [[Miss Universe 1971|1971]], labindalawang mga ''semi-finalist'' ang napili sa pamamagitan ng paunang kompetisyon at ang mga ''closed-door interview''. Lumahok sa ''swimsuit competition'' at ''evening gown competition'' ang labindalawang mga ''semi-inalist,'' at kalaunan ay napili ang limang pinalista na sumabak sa ''final interview.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;''

=== Komite sa pagpili ===

* Maribel Arrieta Galvez – ''Miss El Salvador 1955'', first runner-up sa [[Miss Universe 1955]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Loaiza |first=Norma |date=15 Hulyo 1975 |title=El presidente Molina declaro a candidatas huespedes de honor |language=es |pages=1B |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qzcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5183%2C9242335 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=President Molina declared the candidates guests of honor.|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ernest Borgnine – Amerikanong aktor&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Anderson |first=Nancy |date=16 Agosto 1975 |title=Scheider determined to be strong |language=en |pages=18 |work=The Desert Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116422619/the-desert-sun/ |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114065554/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/116422619/the-desert-sun/|archive-date=14 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Aline Griffith, Kondesa ng Romanones – Amerikanong sosyalidad
* Kiyoshi Hara – Pangulo ng ''Asahi Broadcasting Corporation''&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Hulyo 1975 |title=Miss Universe jury in El Salvador |language=nl |pages=5 |work=Amigoe di Curacao |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010460694:mpeg21:p005 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Jean-Claude Killy – Pranses na ''World Cup alpine ski racer''&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;
* Peter Lawford – Ingles na aktor&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;
* Max Lerner – Amerikanong mamamahayag
* Susan Strasberg – Amerikanong aktres
* Leon Uris – Amerikanong nobeliseta
* Sarah Vaughan – Amerikanong mangaawit&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 Hulyo 1975 |title=Bias in beauty quest alleged |language=en |pages=4 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110648517?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=17 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Luz Marina Zuluaga – [[Miss Universe 1958]] mula sa Kolombya&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Mga kandidata ==
Pitumpu't-isang kandidata ang lumahok para sa titulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 Hulyo 1975 |title=Line-up of world beauties |language=en |pages=5 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19750714-1.1.5 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%&quot;
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad{{efn|Mga edad sa panahon ng kompetisyon|group=A|name=A}}
!Bayan
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]
|{{sortname|Rosa|Del Valle|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Hulyo 1975 |title=Che! |language=es |pages=13A |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9XAjAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=T2MEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5812%2C3370624 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Tucumán
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg}} [[Aruba]]
|{{sortname|Martica Pamela|Brown|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 1975 |title=Los ensayos son agotadores |language=es |pages=10C |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rjcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4557%2C10751705 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=Rehearsals are exhausting|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|San Nicolaas
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]
|{{sortname|Jennifer|Matthews|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Oktubre 1974 |title=In search of world titles |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/44801225 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Sidney]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austrya]]
|{{sortname|Rosemarie|Holzschuh|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Hulyo 1975 |title=86 candidatas a Miss Universo listas para el certamen anual |language=es |trans-title=86 Miss Universe contestants ready for the annual pageant |pages=4 |work=La Opinion |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=oJBcAAAAIBAJ&amp;lpg=PA4&amp;dq=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Austria%22&amp;pg=PA4#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Austria%22&amp;f=false |access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Viena]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Bahamas}} [[Bahamas]]
|{{sortname|Sonia|Chipman|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Oktubre 1975 |title=Bahamas beauty bids for Miss Universe crown |language=en |pages=26–30 |work=Jet |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ZEIDAAAAMBAJ&amp;lpg=PA29&amp;ots=L86cgnXUTO&amp;dq=sonia%20chipman%20miss%20bahamas&amp;pg=PA26#v=onepage&amp;q=sonia%20chipman%20miss%20bahamas&amp;f=false |access-date=14 Enero 2023|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Nassau]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]
|{{sortname|Christine|Delmelle|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 Enero 2010|title=Erelijst Miss België|url=https://www.demorgen.be/tv-cultuur/erelijst-miss-belgie~b5723d4d/|access-date=24 Disyembre 2022|website=De Morgen|language=nl-NL|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260227182713/https://www.demorgen.be/nieuws/erelijst-miss-belgie~b5723d4d/|archive-date=27 Pebrero 2026|trans-title=List of Miss Belgium titleholders}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Liège
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg}} [[Belize|Belise]]
|{{sortname|Lisa|Longsworth|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Hulyo 1975 |title=La capital de Miss Universo se moviliza |language=es |pages=1B |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qDcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3690%2C7437527 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=The Miss Universe capital gears up|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Belmopan]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]
|{{sortname|Maritza|Pineda|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 Hulyo 1975 |title=El Salvador |language=es |pages=18A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qDcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5856%2C6898115 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Caracas]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BMU}} [[Bermuda]]
|{{sortname|Donna|Wright|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Hulyo 1975 |title=Photo album of 1975 Miss Bermuda |language=en |pages=20–25 |work=Fame Magazine |url=https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16347coll1/id/3155/rec/74 |access-date=17 Enero 2023 |via=Bermuda National Library}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|St. David's
|-
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]
|{{sortname|Ingrid|Budag|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 Hulyo 1975 |title=San Salvador |language=es |pages=18A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pzcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4475%2C6169930 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Blumenau
|-
|{{flagicon|BOL}} [[Bolivia|Bulibya]]
|{{sortname|Jacqueline|Gamarra|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 Hulyo 1975 |title=Candidatas a Miss Universo vistian escenario del actio |language=es |pages=23A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pzcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6930%2C6186276 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=Miss Universe contestants graced the event stage|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Cochabamba
|-
|{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica]]
|{{sortname|Maria de Los Angeles|Picado|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 Hulyo 1975 |title=&quot;Me gustaria que esto fuera algo mas que concurso de belleza&quot; |language=es |pages=2A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qTcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4156%2C7574649 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=&quot;I would like this to be something more than a beauty pageant.&quot;|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1959–1986).svg}} [[Curaçao]]
|{{sortname|Yasmin|Fraites|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hunyo 1975 |title=Berdad riba Miss Corsow 1975 |language=pap |pages=8 |work=Amigoe di Curacao |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010460724:mpeg21:p008 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher|trans-title=Miss Curaçao 1975 swimsuit round}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Willemstad
|- 
|{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]
|{{sortname|Berit|Fredriksen|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|20
|Stevns
|-
|{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]
|{{sortname|Ana Maria|Wray|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=9 Disyembre 2010 |title=Urdesa fue su primer hogar |trans-title=Urdesa was her first home |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/2010/12/09/1/1534/urdesa-fue-primer-hogar.html |access-date=3 Nobyembre 2026 |website=El Universo |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216064429/https://www.eluniverso.com/2010/12/09/1/1534/urdesa-fue-primer-hogar.html|archive-date=16 Disyembre 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Guayaquil
|-
|{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador]]
|{{sortname|Carmen|Figueroa|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 Hulyo 1975 |title=Todas tienen algo en comun: quieren ser Miss Universo |language=es |pages=18A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qjcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4787%2C8252136 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=They all have something in common: they want to be Miss Universe.|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
|{{sortname|Mary|Kirkwood|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ken |date=10 Pebrero 2017 |title=Herald Picture Archive: Marie crowned Miss Scotland and becomes a canned attraction |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15082864.herald-picture-archive-marie-crowned-miss-scotland-becomes-canned-attraction/ |access-date=22 Disyembre 2022 |website=Herald Scotland |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260907051538/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/15082864.herald-picture-archive-marie-crowned-miss-scotland-becomes-canned-attraction/|archive-date=7 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Glasgow]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} [[Espanya]]
|{{sortname|Consuelo|Martin|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Hulyo 1975 |title=Signing away |language=en |pages=6 |work=Marshfield News-Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/115053769/marshfield-news-herald/ |access-date=23 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126132930/https://www.newspapers.com/article/marshfield-news-herald/115053769/|archive-date=26 Enero 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Tenerife]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]
|{{sortname|Summer|Bartholomew|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Mayo 1975 |title=Miss California wins title of Miss USA for 1975 |language=en |pages=10 |work=News-Press |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22822656/news-press/ |access-date=23 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127032537/https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-press/22822656/|archive-date=27 Enero 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|Merced
|-
|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
|{{sortname|Georgina|Kerler|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Hulyo 1975 |title=Beauties to compete |language=en |pages=28 |work=The Greenville News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19534183/the-greenville-news/ |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Newspapers.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114051451/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19534183/the-greenville-news/|archive-date=14 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[:en:Cardiff|Cardiff]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Greece (1822-1978).svg}} [[Gresya]]
|{{sortname|Afroditi|Katsouli|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 Hulyo 1975 |title=72 bellezas participan en concurso Miss Universo |language=es |pages=18A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qTcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3334%2C7656468 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=72 beauties participate in the Miss Universe pageant|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GUM}} [[Guam]]
|{{sortname|Deborah|Nache|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bacon |first=James |date=23 Hulyo 1975 |title=Surrounded by beauty unnoticed |language=en |pages=45 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=mIxIAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=PA25&amp;dq=%22Miss+Northern+Marianas%22&amp;article_id=758,2390261&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi5mYjYr6f_AhWGHXAKHYqnAL8Q6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Northern%20Marianas%22&amp;f=false |access-date=3 Hunyo 2023 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Agana
|-
|{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala|Guatemala]]
|{{sortname|Emy|Abascal|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Loaiza |first=Norma |date=17 Hulyo 1975 |title=Integrado el jurado para elegir a Miss Universo |language=es |pages=8A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=rDcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3613%2C9474718 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=Jury assembled to select Miss Universe|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala]]
|-
|{{flagicon|JAM}} [[Jamaica|Hamayka]]
|{{sortname|Gillian|King|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 2017 |title=Photo Flashback |language=en |work=The Gleaner |url=https://www.pressreader.com/jamaica/jamaica-gleaner/20170719/282166471236407 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=PressReader|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114134659/https://www.pressreader.com/jamaica/jamaica-gleaner/20170719/282166471236407|archive-date=14 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]
|{{sortname|Sachiko|Nakayama|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 Hulyo 1975 |title=Poolside frolic by two beauties from the east... |language=en |pages=28 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750709-1.2.127 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Hokkaidō]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1964–1986).svg}} [[Haiti|Hayti]]
|{{sortname|Gerthie|David|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1 Pebrero 2017 |title=Miss Univers : avant Raquel Pélissier, il y a eu Gerthie David |url=https://lenouvelliste.com/article/167968/miss-univers-avant-raquel-pelissier-il-y-a-eu-gerthie-david |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Le Nouvelliste |language=fr|last=Alphonse|first=Roberson|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126131902/https://lenouvelliste.com/article/167968/miss-univers-avant-raquel-pelissier-il-y-a-eu-gerthie-david|archive-date=26 Enero 2025|trans-title=Miss Universe: before Raquel Pélissier, there was Gerthie David}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Puerto Principe]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]
|{{sortname|Mary|Cheung|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1975 |title=Miss HK 1975 |language=en |pages=1 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19750630-1.1.1 |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Hong Kong]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]
|{{sortname|Meenakshi|Kurpad|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Marso 2013 |title=50 years of Miss India: Winners through the years |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/50-years-of-miss-india-winners-through-the-years/winners-through-the-years/articleshow/19188085.cms |access-date=16 Disyembre 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831083557/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/beauty-pageants/miss-india/50-years-of-miss-india-winners-through-the-years/winners-through-the-years/articleshow/19188085.cms|archive-date=31 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Bangalore]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Indonesia|Indonesya]]
|{{sortname|Lydia Arlini|Wahab|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Martinus |first=Alps |date=1 Marso 2022 |title=Ingat Prisa Adinda? Anak Jendral, Dulu Terkenal Kolaborasi Dengan J-Rocks, Ini Kabarnya |url=https://manado.tribunnews.com/2022/03/01/ingat-prisa-adinda-anak-jendral-dulu-terkenal-kolaborasi-dengan-j-rocks-ini-kabarnya |access-date=16 Enero 2023 |website=Tribun Manado |language=id-ID|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116003352/https://manado.tribunnews.com/2022/03/01/ingat-prisa-adinda-anak-jendral-dulu-terkenal-kolaborasi-dengan-j-rocks-ini-kabarnya|archive-date=16 Enero 2023|trans-title=Remember Prisa Adinda? The general’s daughter who once gained fame for her collaboration with J-Rocks—here’s an update on her.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Jakarta]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]
|{{sortname|Vicki|Harris|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Hulyo 1975 |title=Draws a crowd |language=en |pages=5 |work=The Journal |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=mM9jAAAAIBAJ&amp;lpg=PA5&amp;dq=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22England%22&amp;pg=PA5#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22England%22&amp;f=false |access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Londres]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]
|{{sortname|Julie|Farnham|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;
|18
|[[Dublin]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Iceland|Islandiya]]
|{{sortname|Helga|Jonsdottir|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 Marso 1975 |title=Sunna sendir konur til keppni |language=is |pages=20 |work=Vísir |url=https://timarit.is/page/3260973?iabr=on |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Tímarit.is|trans-title=Sunna sends women to compete}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Reikiavik]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]
|{{sortname|Orit|Cooper|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hunyo 1975 |title=Israel's beauty queen for 1975 |language=en |pages=10 |work=B'nai B'rith Messenger⁩⁩ |url=https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/bbh/1975/06/20/01/article/48/?srpos=1&amp;e=------197-en-20--1--img-txIN%7ctxTI-%22Orit+Cooper%22----1975---------1 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=National Library of Israel |archive-date=14 Enero 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114141618/https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/bbh/1975/06/20/01/article/48/?srpos=1&amp;e=------197-en-20--1--img-txIN%7CtxTI-%22Orit+Cooper%22----1975---------1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Tel-Abib]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]
|{{sortname|Diana|Salvador|nolink=1}}
|22
|[[Pocenia]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]
|{{sortname|Sandra|Campbell|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gervais |first=Marty |date=21 Hulyo 1975 |title=Mom waits for Sandy's own story |language=en |pages=38 |work=The Windsor Star |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=zls_AAAAIBAJ&amp;lpg=PA38&amp;dq=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Canada%22&amp;pg=PA38#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Universe%22%20%22Canada%22&amp;f=false |access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|Leamington
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kanlurang Alemanya]]
|{{sortname|Sigrid|Klose|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 Hulyo 1975 |title=Nueva York |language=es |pages=22 |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=pTcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=7241%2C4537769 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|trans-title=New York|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Sarre]]
|-
|{{flagicon|VIR}} [[Kapuluang Birhenes ng Estados Unidos]]
|{{sortname|Julia|Wallace|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 Hulyo 1975 |title=Welcome home kiss |language=en |pages=14 |work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Ix0uAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=j0QDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=5231%2C2797643 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|St. Croix
|-
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Colombia|Kolombya]]
|{{sortname|Martha Lucia|Echeverri|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Nobyembre 1974 |title=Valle, otra vez! |language=es |pages=1, 1B |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=f6AqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=TmMEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3237%2C834119 |access-date=10 Enero 2023|trans-title=Valle, once again!|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Tuluá
|-
|{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]
|{{sortname|Suad|Nachoul|nolink=1}}
|19
|[[Beirut]]
|-
|{{flagicon|LBR}} [[Liberia|Liberya]]
|{{sortname|Aurelia|Sancho|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dibba |first=Amie |date=3 Nobyembre 2016 |title=Koisey Hiama crowned Miss Liberia Minnesota |url=https://mshale.com/2016/11/03/koisey-hiama-crowned-liberia-minnesota/ |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Mshale |language=en-US |archive-date=14 Enero 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114085329/https://mshale.com/2016/11/03/koisey-hiama-crowned-liberia-minnesota/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Monrovia]]
|-
|{{flagicon|LUX}} [[Luxembourg|Luksemburgo]]
|{{sortname|Marie Therese|Manderschied|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;
|19
|Tétange
|-
|{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]
|{{sortname|Alice|Cheong|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 Hunyo 1975 |title=Alice is Miss Malaysia |language=en |pages=9 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750609-1.2.42.1 |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Kuala Lumpur]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Malta]]
|{{sortname|Frances |Ciantar|nolink=1}}
|20
|[[Valletta]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Maruekos]]
|{{sortname|Salhi |Badia|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Hulyo 1975 |title=Three faint at world beauty show |language=en |pages=6 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/newnation19750721-1.1.6 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Rabat]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MUS}} [[Mawrisyo]]
|{{sortname|Nirmala |Sohun|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Denmamode |first=Yasin |date=17 Setyembre 2017 |title=Miss Mauritius: la «reine» Primerose Obeegadoo bien accrochée à sa couronne |trans-title=Miss Mauritius: &quot;Queen&quot; Primerose Obeegadoo firmly clings to her crown |url=https://lexpress.mu/node/316462 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261109005103/https://lexpress.mu/node/316462 |archive-date=9 Nobyembre 2026 |access-date=9 Nobyembre 2026 |website=L'Express |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Port Louis]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]
|{{sortname|Delia |Servin|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 Hulyo 1975 |title=El Salvador |language=es |pages=18A |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qjcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6964%2C8254264 |access-date=14 Enero 2023|via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Sinaloa]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg}} [[Micronesia|Mikronesya]]
|{{sortname|Elena |Tomokane|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;
|19
|Saipan
|-
|{{flagicon|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]
|Alda Sanchez&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=13 Hulyo 1975 |title=Medidas y dimensiones, un aspecto destacado del concurso Miss Universo |language=es |pages=11B |work=La Nacion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qTcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=cc8EAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=4172%2C7961659 |access-date=14 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Managua]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Nuweba Selandiya]]
|Barbara Kirkley&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 Hulyo 1975 |title=Untitled |language=en |pages=6 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110647124?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=17 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Auckland]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]
|Linda Snippe&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 Mayo 1975 |title=Lynda Miss Holland |language=nl |pages=17 |work=Het vrĳe volk |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010958760:mpeg21:p017 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|Badhoevedorp
|-
|{{flagicon|PAN}} [[Panama]]
|Anina Horta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Enero 2015 |title=Estas son las panameñas que participaron de Miss Universo |url=https://www.telemetro.com/noticias/2015/01/07/panamenas-participaron-miss-universo/1656598.html |access-date=10 Disyembre 2022 |website=Telemetro |language=es-PA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|{{flagicon|PRY}} [[Paraguay]]
|Susana Viré&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coronel |first=Raul |date=15 Oktubre 2021 |title=Te presentamos a todas nuestras representantes en Miss Universe |url=http://www.epa.com.py/2021/10/15/te-presentamos-a-todas-nuestras-representantes-en-miss-universe/ |access-date=11 Nobyembre 2022 |website=Epa! |language=es |archive-date=3 Disyembre 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203234725/http://www.epa.com.py/2021/10/15/te-presentamos-a-todas-nuestras-representantes-en-miss-universe/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Asuncion]]
|-
|{{PER}}
|Olga Berninzon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=12 Nobyembre 2017 |title=Miss Perú: las peruanas más bellas de las últimas décadas |url=https://elcomercio.pe/tvmas/farandula/miss-peru-peruanas-bellas-ultimas-decadas-noticia-473145-noticia/ |access-date=11 Nobyembre 2022 |website=El Comercio Perú |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Lungsod ng Lima|Lima]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Binibining Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]
|Rose Marie Brosas&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=13 Oktubre 2015 |title=How Chiqui caught Ali’s heart |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2015/10/13/1510328/how-chiqui-caught-alis-heart |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |website=[[Philippine Star]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|'''{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]'''
|'''[[Anne Marie Pohtamo]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Nieminen |first=Arja |date=19 Hulyo 2015 |title=Anne Pohtamo näyttää yhä Miss Universumilta |url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/viihde/a/2015071819918629 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Iltalehti |language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]
|[[Sophie Perin]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dematte |first=Delphine |date=18 Nobyembre 2021 |title=Metz. Savez-vous qui a été élue Miss France puis Miss International ? |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/insolite/2021/11/18/savez-vous-qui-a-ete-elu-miss-france-puis-miss-international |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Le Républicain Lorrain |language=FR-fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Talange
|-
|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico]]
|Lorell Carmona
|18
|San Germán
|-
|{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]
|Milvia Troncoso&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=11 Agosto 2025 |title=Las provincias más coronadas en Miss República Dominicana Universo |trans-title=The provinces with the most crowns in Miss Dominican Republic Universe |url=https://www.diariolibre.com/revista/cultura/2025/08/11/provincias-con-mas-coronas-en-miss-republica-dominicana-universo/3209880 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250816225840/https://www.diariolibre.com/revista/cultura/2025/08/11/provincias-con-mas-coronas-en-miss-republica-dominicana-universo/3209880 |archive-date=16 Agosto 2025 |access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026 |website=Diario Libre |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Santiago de los Caballeros
|-
|{{flagicon|ASM}} [[Samoang Amerikano]]
|Darlene Schwenke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=10 Hulyo 1975 |title=Se inicio concurso de Miss Universo |language=es |trans-title=The Miss Universe pageant has begun |pages=82 |work=La Nacion |url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=qDcfAAAAIBAJ&amp;lpg=PA82&amp;dq=%22Miss%20Samoa%22&amp;pg=PA82#v=onepage&amp;q=%22Miss%20Samoa%22&amp;f=false |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Pago Pago]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]
|Sally Tan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 Hunyo 1975 |title=Sally bags the crown on her second try |language=en |pages=9 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750623-1.2.68 |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Singapore|Singapura]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka]]
|Shyama Algama&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 1975 |title=Rigors of rehearsal for beauties |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Evening Sun |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102408895/the-evening-sun/ |access-date=23 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]
|Catharina Sjödahl
|17
|Örebro
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]
|Beatrice Aschwanden&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 Nobyembre 2013 |title=Sheilas Mami war Miss Schweiz |url=https://www.20min.ch/story/sheilas-mami-war-miss-schweiz-105083470502 |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=20 Minuten |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Zürich]]
|-
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]
|Wanlaya Thonawanik&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 Hulyo 1975 |title=Beauty takes a bow |language=en |pages=5 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19750719-1.2.22.4 |access-date=31 Disyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]
|Gail Anthony&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 Hulyo 1975 |title=Het is weer zover |language=nl |trans-title=It is that time again |pages=3 |work=Limburgsch dagblad |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010560325:mpeg21:p003 |access-date=30 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Cape Town]]
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]
|Seo Ji-hye&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Nobyembre 2018 |title=Fans Compile Evidence That Jin’s Mom Was A Miss Korea—And Everything Makes Sense |url=https://www.koreaboo.com/stories/evidence-bts-jins-mother-miss-korea/ |access-date=12 Pebrero 2023 |website=Koreaboo |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Daegu
|-
|{{flagicon|TTO}} [[Trinidad at Tobago]]
|Christine Jackson&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;
|23
|Tunapuna–Piarco
|-
|{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]
|Raquel Argandoña&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 Pebrero 2022 |title=Así luce Raquel Argandoña, ex Miss Chile, a sus 64 años |url=https://www.terra.cl/entretenimiento/2022/2/20/asi-luce-raquel-argandona-ex-miss-chile-sus-64-anos-12764.html |access-date=14 Enero 2023 |website=Terra |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkiya]]
|Sezin Topçuoğlu
|18
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay]]
|Evelyn Rodriguez&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;
|23
|[[Montevideo]]
|-
|{{flag|Yugoslavia}}
|[[Lidija Manić]]
|22
|[[Belgrado]]
|}

== Mga tala ==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Panlabas na kawing ==

* {{Official website|https://www.missuniverse.com}}
{{Miss Universe}}
[[Kategorya:1975]]
[[Kategorya:Miss Universe]]</text>
      <sha1>7khplm998fcsn6r94rig393zohl7nh3</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Zapote</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321572</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241193</id>
      <parentid>2206383</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:39:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="2890" sha1="swyjftktxsccgjf7e08kt1gynutiwjv" xml:space="preserve">{{multiple issues|
{{unsourced|date=Mayo 2026}}
{{update|date=Mayo 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox station
|name=Zapote
|symbol=1
|symbol_location=manila
|type=[[Manila Light Rail Transit System]]
|style=MLRT
|type=[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
|image=File:LRT-1 Zapote Satellite Depot 2024-07-07.jpg
|image_caption=Aerial view of the site of the Zapote station and satellite depot in 2024
|image_size=
|address=Bacoor, Cavite
|line=[[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Unang Linya ng LRT]]
|other=
|structure=Kalupaan
|platform=Gilid na plataporma
|tracks=2
|parking=
|bicycle=
|passengers=
|pass_year=
|pass_percent=
|opened=
|rebuilt=
|status=
|opening=2031
|services= {{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=1|previous=Las Piñas|next=}}
|ADA=
|code=
|owned=[[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon]] (DOTr)&lt;br /&gt;[[Pangasiwaan ng Light Rail Transit]] (LRTA)
|zone=
|map={{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}}}
Ang '''estasyong Zapote''' ay isang under-construction na istasyon ng Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) na matatagpuan sa Line 1. Ang Zapote ay naiiba sa iba pang mga Line 1 na istasyon dahil ito ay itatayo sa kalupaan.  Ito ay bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension Project.  Ang istasyon ang magiging unang istasyon ng Line 1 sa labas ng Metro Manila na matatagpuan sa Bacoor sa Cavite.  Ang istasyon ay matatagpuan malapit sa Zapote (Bacoor/Las Piñas) Exit Ramp ng Manila-Cavite Expressway sa Barangay Zapote V (Longos) sa Bacoor.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang istasyon ng Zapote ay unang binalak bilang bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension plan, na humihiling ng halos nakataas na extension na humigit-kumulang 11.7 kilometro (7.3 mi).  Ang extension ay magkakaroon ng 8 istasyon ng pasahero na may opsyon para sa 2 susunod na istasyon (Manuyo Uno at Talaba).  Ang proyekto ay unang inaprubahan noong Agosto 25, 2000 at ang pagpapatupad ng kasunduan para sa proyekto ay naaprubahan noong Enero 22, 2002. Gayunpaman, ang konstruksyon para sa extension ay paulit-ulit na naantala hanggang sa ang proyekto ay nai-shelf pagkaraan ng mga taon.

Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 sa panahon ng administrasyong Aquino at inaasahang magsisimula sa pagtatayo noong 2014, ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way.  Naresolba ang mga isyu noong 2016 at nagsimula ang proyekto noong Mayo 4, 2017. Samantala, nagsimula ang mga construction work sa south extension noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang mga right-of-way acquisition.

Noong Disyembre 2021, 61.60% na ang kumpleto ng proyekto.  Ang extension ay nakatakda para sa mga bahagyang operasyon sa huling bahagi ng 2024 o unang bahagi ng 2025 at ganap na operasyon sa ikalawang quarter ng 2027.

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Zapote]]</text>
      <sha1>swyjftktxsccgjf7e08kt1gynutiwjv</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241197</id>
      <parentid>2241193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:52:23Z</timestamp>
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        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
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      <text bytes="2889" sha1="nu8a0cg113d0kpbreqmx51v3td460dk" xml:space="preserve">{{multiple issues|
{{unsourced|date=Mayo 2026}}
{{update|date=Mayo 2026}}
}}
{{Infobox station
|name=Zapote
|symbol=1
|symbol_location=manila
|type=[[Manila Light Rail Transit System]]
|style=MLRT
|type=[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
|image=File:LRT-1 Zapote Satellite Depot 2024-07-07.jpg
|image_caption=Aerial view of the site of the Zapote station and satellite depot in 2024
|image_size=
|address=Bacoor, Cavite
|line=[[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Unang Linya ng LRT]]
|other=
|structure=Kalupaan
|platform=Gilid na plataporma
|tracks=2
|parking=
|bicycle=
|passengers=
|pass_year=
|pass_percent=
|opened=
|rebuilt=
|status=
|opening=2031
|services={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=1|previous=Las Piñas|next=}}
|ADA=
|code=
|owned=[[Kagawaran ng Transportasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Transportasyon]] (DOTr)&lt;br /&gt;[[Pangasiwaan ng Light Rail Transit]] (LRTA)
|zone=
|map={{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}}}
Ang '''estasyong Zapote''' ay isang under-construction na istasyon ng Manila Light Rail Transit (LRT) na matatagpuan sa Line 1. Ang Zapote ay naiiba sa iba pang mga Line 1 na istasyon dahil ito ay itatayo sa kalupaan.  Ito ay bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension Project.  Ang istasyon ang magiging unang istasyon ng Line 1 sa labas ng Metro Manila na matatagpuan sa Bacoor sa Cavite.  Ang istasyon ay matatagpuan malapit sa Zapote (Bacoor/Las Piñas) Exit Ramp ng Manila-Cavite Expressway sa Barangay Zapote V (Longos) sa Bacoor.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang istasyon ng Zapote ay unang binalak bilang bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension plan, na humihiling ng halos nakataas na extension na humigit-kumulang 11.7 kilometro (7.3 mi).  Ang extension ay magkakaroon ng 8 istasyon ng pasahero na may opsyon para sa 2 susunod na istasyon (Manuyo Uno at Talaba).  Ang proyekto ay unang inaprubahan noong Agosto 25, 2000 at ang pagpapatupad ng kasunduan para sa proyekto ay naaprubahan noong Enero 22, 2002. Gayunpaman, ang konstruksyon para sa extension ay paulit-ulit na naantala hanggang sa ang proyekto ay nai-shelf pagkaraan ng mga taon.

Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 sa panahon ng administrasyong Aquino at inaasahang magsisimula sa pagtatayo noong 2014, ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way.  Naresolba ang mga isyu noong 2016 at nagsimula ang proyekto noong Mayo 4, 2017. Samantala, nagsimula ang mga construction work sa south extension noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang mga right-of-way acquisition.

Noong Disyembre 2021, 61.60% na ang kumpleto ng proyekto.  Ang extension ay nakatakda para sa mga bahagyang operasyon sa huling bahagi ng 2024 o unang bahagi ng 2025 at ganap na operasyon sa ikalawang quarter ng 2027.

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Zapote]]</text>
      <sha1>nu8a0cg113d0kpbreqmx51v3td460dk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Miss Universe 1979</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>321589</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241099</id>
      <parentid>2218684</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:32:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Allyriana000</username>
        <id>119761</id>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38488" sha1="iq5mqgi45gqf0h3uzp6x2n0u76g08d0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox beauty pageant|winner='''[[Maritza Sayalero]]'''|congeniality=Yurika Kuroda &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|Japan|1870}} [[Hapon]]|best national costume=Elizabeth Busti &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|Uruguay}} [[Urugway]]|photogenic=Carolyn Seaward &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|England}} [[Inglatera]]|acts=Donny Osmond|date=20 Hulyo 1979|presenters={{Hlist|Bob Barker|Helen O'Connell|Jayne Kennedy}}|venue=Perth Entertainment Centre, [[Perth]], [[Australya]]|broadcaster=&lt;small&gt;'''Internasyonal''':&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{Hlist|[[CBS]]}}&lt;small&gt;'''Opisyal''':&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;{{Hlist|Seven Network}}|entrants=75|placements=12|debuts={{Hlist|Bophuthatswana|[[Pidyi]]|Transkei}}|withdraws={{Hlist|[[Vanuatu|Bagong Hebrides]]|[[Bonaire]]|[[Curaçao]]|[[Libano]]|[[Lesoto]]|[[Moroko]]|[[Nikaragwa]]|[[Samoang Amerikano]]}}|returns={{Hlist|[[Antigua at Barbuda|Antigua]]|[[British Virgin Islands|Kapuluang Birheng Britaniko]]|[[Mawrisyo]]|[[Portugal]]|[[San Cristobal at Nieves|San Cristobal]]}}|before=[[Miss Universe 1978|1978]]|next=[[Miss Universe 1980|1980]]|image=Maritza Sayalero.jpg|caption=Maritza Sayalero|represented='''{{flagicon|Venezuela|1954}} [[Beneswela]]'''}}Ang '''Miss Universe 1979''' ay ang ika-28 edisyon ng [[Miss Universe]] pageant, na ginanap sa Perth Entertainment Centre, [[Perth]], [[Australia|Australya]] noong Hulyo 20, 1979. Ito ang kauna-unahang edisyon na ginanap sa [[Oseaniya]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Hulyo 1979 |title=Perth's Miss Universe pageant is ready to go |language=en |pages=6–7 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55478642/5843946 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pagkatapos ng kompetisyon, kinoronahan ni [[Margaret Gardiner]] ng Timog Aprika si [[Maritza Sayalero]] ng Beneswela bilang Miss Universe 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Hulyo 1979 |title=Universe contestants endure stage fright |language=en |pages=3 |work=Wisconsin State Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/104429736/miss-universe-1979-and-the-stage/ |access-date=25 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ito ang kauna-unahang tagumpay ng Beneswela sa kasaysayan ng kompetisyon. Nagtapos bilang first runner-up si [[Gina Swainson]] ng Bermuda, habang nagtapos bilang second runner-up si Carolyn Ann Seaward ng Inglatera.

Mga kandidata mula sa 75 bansa at teritoryo ang lumahok sa kompetisyong ito. Pinangunahan ni Bob Barker ang kompetisyon sa ikalabintatlong pagkakataon, samantalang si Helen O'Connell ang nagbigay ng komentaryo sa buong kompetisyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bellos |first=Keren |date=16 Oktubre 2020 |title=Miss Universe's dramatic Perth finale |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/community-news/western-suburbs-weekly/chaos-reigns-at-miss-universe-pageant-in-perth-1979-c-1370462 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |website=Community News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagtanghal si Donny Osmond sa edisyong ito.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rueda |first=Carlos Alberto |date=19 Hulyo 1979 |title=700 milliones veran hoy la eleccion de Miss Universo |language=es |pages=4B |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uZkqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=02EEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1005%2C3289306 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasaysayan ==
[[Talaksan:Entertainment centre wa gnangarra.jpg|thumb|Perth Entertainment Centre, ang lokasyon ng Miss Universe 1979|250x250px]]

=== Lokasyon at petsa ng kompetisyon ===
Noong Setyembre 21, 1976, inanunsyo ng dating Primier ng Kanlurang Australya na si Sir Charles Court na ang Miss Universe pageant ay gaganapin sa Perth Entertainment Centre, [[Perth]] sa taong 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 Setyembre 1976 |title=Pageant in Perth |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110826965?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang Miss Universe pageant sa Perth ay isa sa mga aktibidades upang gunitain ang ika-150 anibersayo ng [[Kanlurang Australia|Kanlurang Australya]] sa 1979.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 Nobyembre 1976 |title=Swan with a golden wing |language=en |pages=127 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55470017?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Hulyo 1979 |title=Full-scale security for Miss Universe girls |language=en |pages=9 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110564514?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong Hulyo 11, 1979, bumaba mula sa ligiran ng daigdig ang Skylab, ang pinakaunang orbital laboratory na minamandohan ng tao, papunta sa [[Karagatang Indiyo]]. Karamihan sa mga parte ng satelayt ay bumagsak sa Karagatang Indiyo, subalit maraming parte ng Skylab ang nahagis palayo at nakaabot sa Kanlurang Australya, kung saan isinasagawa noong panahong iyon ang Miss Universe pageant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Garber |first=Megan |date=22 Agosto 2013 |title=That Time a Space Station Became Part of the Miss Universe Pageant |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/that-time-a-space-station-became-part-of-the-miss-universe-pageant/278953/ |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Hulyo 1979 |title=Este es el más difícil concurso de Miss Universo |language=es |pages=3B |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t5kqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=02EEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=981%2C3750754 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isa sa mga tipak ng satelayt ay nahanap sa Esperance, 500 milya mula sa Perth, at ang tipak na ito ay dinala sa Perth upang gawing senaryo para sa Miss Universe pageant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Hulyo 1979 |title=NASA men to identify Skylab debris |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110567940?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Hulyo 1979 |title=Fallen Skylab fragment to go on display here |language=en |pages=36 |work=Honolulu Star-Bulletin |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/110625758/honolulu-star-bulletin/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagpili ng mga kalahok ===
Ang mga kalahok mula sa pitumpu't-limang bansa at teritoryo ay napili upang lumahok sa kompetisyon.

==== Mga unang pagsali, pagbalik, at pag-urong sa kompetisyon ====
Unang sumali sa edisyong ito ang mga bansang Bophuthatswana, Pidyi, at Transkei, at bumalik ang mga bansang Antigua, Kapuluang Birheng Britaniko, Mawrisyo, Portugal, at San Cristobal. Huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 1974|1974]] ang Portugal, at noong [[Miss Universe 1977|1977]] ang Antigua, Kapuluang Birheng Britaniko, Mawrisyo, at San Cristobal. 

Hindi sumali ang mga bansang Bagong Hebrides, Bonaire, Curaçao, Libano, Lesoto, Moroko, Nikaragwa, at Samoang Amerikano sa edisyong ito.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 Hulyo 1979 |title=Quest entrant found safe |language=en |pages=9 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110564832?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindi sumali si Patricia Pineda Chamorro ng Nikaragwa dahil sa mga personal na kadahilanan. Iniulat na nakatanggap diumano ang kaniyang pamilya ng mga banta sa kanilang buhay dahil sa pagsali ni Chamorro sa Miss Universe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 Hulyo 1979 |title=Quest entrant arrives |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110565809?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=15 Hulyo 1979 |title=Nicaragua beauty leaves |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110567565?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindi sumali ang Bagong Hebrides, Bonaire, Curaçao, Libano, Lesoto, Moroko, at Samoang Amerikano matapos na mabigo ang kanilang mga organisasyong pambansa na magdaos ng kompetisyong pambansa o magtalaga ng kalahok.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=28 Oktubre 1961 |title=Le Maroc sera représenté au concours Miss Univers prévu en Israël |url=https://article19.ma/accueil/archives/147163 |access-date=9 Disyembre 2022 |website=Article19 |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga insidente sa panahon ng kompetisyon ===
Ilang segundo matapos makoronahan si Sayalero bilang Miss Universe, bumagsak ang likod ng entablado dahil sa pagdagsa ng mga mamamahayag at litratistang sumugod sa entablado upang makuhanan ng panayam o litrato si Sayalero. Dalawampu't-limang tao, kabilang ang sampu sa mga kandidata, ang bumagsak ng 2 metro mula sa catwalk. Sinugod sa Royal Perth Hospital sina Dian Borg Bartolo ng Malta at Fusin Dermitan ng Turkiya na may ''minor leg injury'' upang suriin. Hindi nadamay sa kaguluhan si Sayalero habang ito ay nakaupo sa kanyang trono.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss Universe stage collapses |language=en |pages=8 |work=Papua New Guinea Post-Courier |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/250623230?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss door podium |language=nl |pages=5 |work=De Volkskrant |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ABCDDD:010881976:mpeg21:p005 |access-date=31 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga resulta ==
=== Mga pagkakalagay ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Pagkakalagay
!Kandidata
|-
|'''Miss Universe 1979'''
|
* '''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]''' – '''[[Maritza Sayalero]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;'''
|-
|1st runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|BMU}} [[Bermuda]] – [[Gina Swainson]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|2nd runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]] – Carolyn Seaward&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
|3rd runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]] – Marta Jussara
|-
|4th runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]] – Anette Ekström
|-
|Top 12
|
* {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]] – Adriana Álvarez
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg}} [[Belize|Belis]] – Sarita Acosta
* {{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]] – Lorraine Davidson
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]] – Mary Therese Friel
* {{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]] – Janet Hobson
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Kanlurang Alemanya]] – Andrea Hontschik
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]] – Veronica Wilson
|}
{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float:right&quot;
| style=&quot;background-color:#FADADD;width:25px;&quot; |
|Nagwagi
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#eadafd;&quot; |
|1st runner-up
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#ccff99;&quot; |
|2nd runner-up
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#d9eefb;&quot; |
|3rd runner-up
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#ffff99;&quot; |
|4th runner-up
|-
| style=&quot;background-color:#white;&quot; |
|Top 12
|}

==== Mga iskor sa kompetisyon ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Interbyu
!Swimsuit
!Evening Gown
!Katampatan
|- style=&quot;background-color:#FADADD;&quot;
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|'''8.282 (1)'''
|'''8.673 (1)'''
|'''8.427 (1)'''
|'''8.461 (1)'''
|- style=&quot;background-color:#eadafd;&quot;
|{{flagicon|BMU}} [[Bermuda]]
|8.173 (3)
|8.382 (2)
|8.125 (2)
|8.227 (2)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#ccff99;&quot;
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]
|8.091 (5)
|8.218 (3)
|8.000 (3)
|8.103 (3)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#d9eefb;&quot;
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]
|7.618 (10)
|7.899 (5)
|7.882 (4)
|7.800 (4)
|- style=&quot;background-color:#ffff99;&quot;
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]
|8.145 (4)
|7.773 (7)
|7.226 (11)
|7.715 (5)
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]
|8.091 (5)
|7.373 (11)
|7.564 (6)
|7.676 (6)
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg}} [[Belize|Belis]]
|7.236 (11)
|7.936 (4)
|7.790 (5)
|7.654 (7)
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]
|7.882 (8)
|7.564 (8)
|7.382 (7)
|7.609 (8)
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kanlurang Alemanya]]
|7.982 (7)
|7.445 (10)
|7.308 (10)
|7.578 (9)
|-
|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
|7.727 (9)
|7.536 (9)
|7.364 (9)
|7.542 (10)
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]
|8.236 (2)
|6.936 (12)
|7.373 (8)
|7.515 (11)
|-
|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
|7.091 (12)
|7.791 (6)
|7.155 (12)
|7.345 (12)
|}

=== Mga espesyal na parangal ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Parangal
!Kandidata
|-
|Miss Photogenic
|
* {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]] – Carolyn Seaward&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss Photogenic |language=en |pages=6 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/newnation19790716-1.1.6 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Miss Congeniality
|
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]] – Yurika Kuroda
|}

==== Best National Costume ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Pagkakalagay
!Kandidata
|-
|Nagwagi
|
* {{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]] – Elizabeth Busti&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Hulyo 1979 |title=Beauty's winning costume |language=en |pages=4 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19790712-1.1.4 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|1st Runner-up
|
* {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]] – Marta Jussara da Costa
|-
|2nd Runner-up
|
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]] – Veronica Wilson
|}

== Kompetisyon ==

=== Pormat ng kompetisyon ===
Tulad noong [[Miss Universe 1971|1971]], 12 mga ''semifinalist'' ang napili sa pamamagitan ng paunang kompetisyon at ang mga ''closed-door interview''. Kumalahok sa ''swimsuit competition'' at ''evening gown competition'' ang 12 mga ''semfinalist,'' at kalaunan ay napili ang limang pinalista na sumabak sa ''final interview.''

=== Komite sa pagpili ===

* Apasra Hongsakula – [[Miss Universe 1965]] mula sa [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Ita Buttrose – Australyanong mamamahayag&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Lana Cantrell – Australyanong mangaawit&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Duncan |first=Susan |last2=McGann |first2=George |date=11 Hulyo 1979 |title=They'll  judge the Miss Universe contest |language=en |pages=8 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/55478503/5844096 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Yves Cornassiere – Pintor na Pranses&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Don Galloway – Amerikanong aktor&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Constance Towers – Amerikanang aktres&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* [[Julio Iglesias]] – Kastilang mangaawit&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Tony Martin – Amerikanong mangaawit at aktor&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Robin Moore – Amerikanong manunulat&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Rossana Podestà – Italyanang aktres&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
* Anne Marie Pohtamo – [[Miss Universe 1975]] mula sa [[Pinlandiya]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
&lt;small&gt;'''Tala''': Apat sa orihinal na mga hurado ang hindi tinuloy ang kanilang responsibilidad bilang hurado. Ito ay sina John Gavin at Levar Burton, mga Amerikanong aktor, tagadisenyong Amerikano na si Arnold Scassi, at ang Ingles na aktres na si Lynn Redgrave.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=6 Hulyo 1979 |title=Beauty quest judges |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19790706-1.1.3 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga kandidata ==
75 kandidata ang lumahok para sa titulo.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad{{efn|Mga edad sa panahon ng kompetisyon|group=A|name=A}}
!Bayan
|-
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Kanlurang Alemanya]]
|Andrea Hontschik&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=22 Pebrero 2019 |title=Berlin: Ein Schönheitswettbewerb mit Geschichte: Miss-Germany-Siegerinnen im Verlauf der Jahrzehnte |url=https://www.suedkurier.de/ueberregional/panorama/Ein-Schoenheitswettbewerb-mit-Geschichte-Miss-Germany-Siegerinnen-im-Verlauf-der-Jahrzehnte;art409965,10060743 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |website=Südkurier |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Berlin]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ATG}} [[Antigua at Barbuda|Antigua]]
|Elsie Maynard
|19
|[[San Juan, Antigua at Barbuda|San Juan]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ARG}} [[Arhentina]]
|Adriana Álvarez&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Teran Velazquez |first=Shaiel |date=9 Enero 2023 |title=Miss Universo: las argentinas que llegaron más lejos en el certamen de belleza |url=https://viapais.com.ar/entretenimiento/miss-universo-las-argentinas-que-llegaron-mas-lejos-en-el-certamen-de-belleza/ |access-date=26 Enero 2023 |website=Vía País |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Lungsod ng Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ABW}} [[Aruba]]
|Lugina Vilchez&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 Hulyo 1979 |title=Koala with beauties |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19790707-1.1.2 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Oranjestad
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Australia (converted).svg}} [[Australia|Australya]]
|Kerry Dunderdale&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Mayo 1979 |title=The Australian beauty pageant |language=en |pages=10 |work=The Australian Women's Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/47252043?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Sydney]]
|-
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austria|Austrya]]
|Karin Zorn&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Hulyo 1979 |title=Skylab not tracked because of strike |language=en |pages=2 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19790716-1.1.2 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Weiz
|-
|{{flagicon|Bahamas}} [[Bahamas]]
|Lolita Armbrister&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deveaux |first=Willamae |date=6 Setyembre 2013 |title=Rayne Armbrister to be crowned Miss Bahamas Commonwealth International |url=http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/grand-bahama-community-events/Rayne_Armbrister_to_be_crowned_Miss_Bahamas_Commonwealth_International_printer.shtml |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=The Bahamas Weekly |language=en |archive-date=31 Enero 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131171537/http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/grand-bahama-community-events/Rayne_Armbrister_to_be_crowned_Miss_Bahamas_Commonwealth_International_printer.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Dundas Town
|-
|{{flagicon|BAR}} [[Barbados]]
|Barbara Bradshaw
|19
|Saint Michael
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]
|Christine Cailliau&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 Enero 2010 |title=Erelijst Miss België |url=https://www.demorgen.be/tv-cultuur/erelijst-miss-belgie~b5723d4d/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2022 |website=De Morgen |language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Bruselas]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of British Honduras (1919–1981).svg}} [[Belize|Belis]]
|Sarita Acosta&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=3 Abril 2022 |title=Miss Universe Belize returns |url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2022/04/03/miss-universe-belize-returns/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Breaking Belize News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Lungsod ng Belis
|-
|'''{{flagicon|Venezuela|variant=1930}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]'''
|'''[[Maritza Sayalero]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Galicia |first=Elier |date=14 Enero 2023 |title=Maritza Sayalero, la primera Miss Universo de Venezuela |url=https://nuevodia.com.ve/maritza-sayalero-la-primera-miss-universo-de-venezuela/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Nuevo Día |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Caracas]]
|-
|{{flagicon|BMU}} [[Bermuda]]
|[[Gina Swainson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Miss Bermuda Gina Swainson Miss World 1979 Bermuda Beauty |url=https://bernews.com/bermuda-profiles/gina-swainson/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Bernews |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|St. George's
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg}} Bophuthatswana
|Alina Moeketse
|22
|Mmabatho
|-
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]
|Marta Jussara da Costa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=29 Setyembre 2022 |title=Conheça a história do Miss Brasil |url=https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/tv/miss-brasil/conheca-a-historia-do-miss-brasil,ae08a161bab6d310VgnCLD200000bbcceb0aRCRD.html |access-date=8 Disyembre 2022 |website=Terra |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Mossoró
|-
|{{flagicon|BOL}} [[Bolivia|Bulibya]]
|María Luisa Rendón&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=29 Hunyo 1979 |title=In brief: Quarantined |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110954496?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Cochabamba
|-
|{{flagicon|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]
|Lone Joergensen
|18
|Holstebro
|-
|{{flagicon|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]
|Ana Margarita Plaza
|25
|Guayaquil
|-
|{{flagicon|SLV}} [[El Salvador]]
|Ivette López
|19
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Scotland|Eskosya]]
|Lorraine Davidson
|19
|[[Glasgow]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1977–1981).svg}} [[Espanya]]
|Gloria Valenciano
|18
|[[Tenerife]]
|-
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]
|Mary Therese Friel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 Mayo 1979 |title=N.Y. native will halt studies to be Miss USA |language=en |pages=1–2 |work=Youngstown Vindicator |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ByJJAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=uIMMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3970%2C14499 |access-date=31 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Pittsford
|-
|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Wales|Gales]]
|Janet Hobson&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=8 Marso 1979 |title=Janet's a rose by any other name |language=en |pages=1 |work=The North Wales Weekly News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/107281535/miss-wales-1979/ |access-date=26 Disyembre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Llandudno
|-
|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Gresya]]
|Katia Koukidou&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Hunyo 2018 |title=Δεν μου είπαν ποτέ ένα «ευχαριστώ» από τον Ant1! Δεν μιλάω για τον Μίνωα Κυριακού, ο οποίος αναγνώριζε την προσφορά μου αλλά... |url=https://www.zinapost.gr/media/458436_den-moy-eipan-pote-ena-eyharisto-apo-ton-ant1-den-milao-gia-ton-minoa-kyriakoy-o/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Zinapost.gr |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241221005039/https://www.zinapost.gr/media/458436_den-moy-eipan-pote-ena-eyharisto-apo-ton-ant1-den-milao-gia-ton-minoa-kyriakoy-o/|archive-date=21 Disyembre 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Atenas]]
|-
|{{flagicon|GUM}} [[Guam]]
|Marie Cruz
|18
|Agana
|-
|{{flagicon|GUA}} [[Guwatemala]]
|Michelle Domínguez
|19
|[[Lungsod ng Guatemala|Lungsod ng Guwatemala]]
|-
|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hapon]]
|Yurika Kuroda&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Hulyo 1979 |title=Eyeing Miss Universe crown |language=en |pages=4 |work=The Straits Times |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/straitstimes19790718-1.1.4 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Tokyo]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands (1976–1989).svg}} [[Hilagang Kapuluang Mariana]]
|Barbara Torres
|18
|Saipan
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Honduras (1949–2022).svg}} [[Honduras]]
|Gina Weidner&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gámez |first=Sabino |date=25 Abril 2008 |title=El Miss Honduras, una historia que contar |url=https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/el-miss-honduras-una-historia-que-contar-ATLP695720 |access-date=8 Disyembre 2022 |website=La Prensa |language=es-HN}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|San Pedro Sula
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1955).svg}} [[Hong Kong]]
|Olivia Cheng&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mok |first=Laramie |date=1 Setyembre 2017 |title=Rare photos of past Miss Hong Kong contestants showcase fan favourites |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/people-events/article/2109360/rare-pics-past-miss-hong-kong-contestants-reveal-fan |access-date=12 Enero 2023 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Hong Kong
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indiya]]
|Swaroop Sampat&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 Hunyo 2015 |title=When Swaroop Sampat was crowned Miss India 1979 |url=https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/ThrowbackThursday-When-Swaroop-Sampat-was-crowned-Miss-India-1979/eventshow/47629000.cms |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230201014627/https://beautypageants.indiatimes.com/miss-india/ThrowbackThursday-When-Swaroop-Sampat-was-crowned-Miss-India-1979/eventshow/47629000.cms |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Bombay
|-
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Inglatera]]
|Carolyn Seaward&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 Hunyo 1979 |title=Saying it with flowers |language=en |pages=1 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110954654?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Yelverton
|-
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]
|Lorraine O'Conner
|24
|Cork
|-
|{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Israel]]
|Vered Polgar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=12 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss Israel is a happy Girl Scout |language=en |pages=19 |work=The Australian Jewish Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/263244949?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Haifa]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italya]]
|Elvira Puglisi
|19
|[[Sicilia]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]
|Heidi Quiring&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=7 Nobyembre 1978 |title=New Miss Canada says title, a whole mountain of help |language=en |pages=35 |work=Ottawa Citizen |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0s8yAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=Ge4FAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=1876%2C4986438}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Manitoba|Winnipeg]]
|-
|{{flagicon|VGB}} [[Kapuluang Birheng Britaniko]]
|Eartha Ferdinand&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Virgin Islands Dictionary: A Collection of Words and Phrases so You Could Say It Like We|first=Kareem-Nelson|last=Hull|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=X8ZeDwAAQBAJ&amp;lpg=PT159&amp;ots=-w90Fqlp6o&amp;dq=Barbara%20Stevens%20miss%20british%20virgin%20islands&amp;pg=PT159#v=onepage&amp;q=Barbara%20Stevens%20miss%20british%20virgin%20islands&amp;f=false|date=2018|location=Bloomington, Indiana|publisher=AuthorHouse}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Road Town
|-
|{{flagicon|VIR}} [[US Virgin Islands|Kapuluang Birhen ng Estados Unidos]]
|Linda Torres&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jory |first=Tom |date=19 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss Universe: backstage in the Outback |language=en |pages=27 |work=The Virgin Islands Daily News |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mTZOAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=k0YDAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6062%2C2462574 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|Saint John
|-
|{{flagicon|COL}} [[Colombia|Kolombya]]
|Ana Milena Parra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=14 Nobyembre 1978 |title=Señorita Colombia 1978 |language=es |pages=1 |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CZwcAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=ZmYEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3843%2C449094 |access-date=10 Enero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Talaan ng mga lungsod sa Colombia|Bucaramanga]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CRI}} [[Costa Rica|Kosta Rika]]
|Carla Facio&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 Hulyo 1979 |title=Always that question... |language=en |pages=2 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19790726-1.2.10 |access-date=12 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[San José, Costa Rica|San José]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Iceland|Lupangyelo]]
|Halldora Björk Jonsdóttir&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 Hunyo 1978 |title=&quot;Eg vil alltaf troða öllu á stundatöfluna í einu |language=is |pages=54 |work=Morgunblaðið |url=https://timarit.is/page/1500276?iabr=on |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=Tímarit.is}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Reikiavik]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Malaysia]]
|Irene Wong&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Mayo 1979 |title=The cherished moment... |language=en |pages=5 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19790502-1.2.17 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Kuala Lumpur]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MLT}} [[Malta]]
|Dian Borg Bartolo&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 Hulyo 1979 |title=Contestant in hospital |language=en |pages=1 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110568872?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Città Victoria
|-
|{{flagicon|MUS}} [[Mawrisyo]]
|Maria Allard&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 Hunyo 2004 |title=Maria Allard, Miss Mauritius d?un décevant concours |url=https://lexpress.mu/article/maria-allard-miss-mauritius-dun-d%C3%A9cevant-concours |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=L'Express |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Port Louis]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]
|Blanca Díaz&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 Mayo 1979 |title=La Srita. Nayarit designada nueva Srita. Mexico |language=es |trans-title=The Miss Nayarit appointed new Miss Mexico |pages=2 |work=La Opinion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a4VEAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=KrUMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=6174%2C3352904 |access-date=11 Agosto 2023 |via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Acaponeta
|-
|{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]
|Unni Öglaend&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=9 Hulyo 1979 |title=No title |language=en |pages=7 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110566289?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Oslo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Nuweba Selandiya]]
|Andrea Kake
|19
|[[Auckland]]
|-
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]
|Eunice Bharatsingh&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=22 Hunyo 1979 |title='Miss Holland' komt ook naar Australie |language=nl |pages=4 |work=Dutch Australian Weekly |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/225054774?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22 |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Ang Haya]]
|-
|{{flagicon|PAN}} [[Panama]]
|Yahel Dolande&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Enero 2015 |title=Estas son las panameñas que participaron de Miss Universo |url=https://www.telemetro.com/noticias/2015/01/07/panamenas-participaron-miss-universo/1656598.html |access-date=10 Disyembre 2022 |website=Telemetro |language=es-PA}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Lungsod ng Panama]]
|-
|{{flagicon2|Papua New Guinea}} [[Papua New Guinea|Papuwa Bagong Guniya]]
|Molly Misbut&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 Hulyo 1979 |title=The Drum |language=en |pages=3 |work=Papua New Guinea Post-Courier |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/250621217?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Port Moresby]]
|-
|{{flagicon|PRY}} [[Paraguay|Paragway]]
|Patricia Lohman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Coronel |first=Raul |date=15 Oktubre 2021 |title=Te presentamos a todas nuestras representantes en Miss Universe |url=http://www.epa.com.py/2021/10/15/te-presentamos-a-todas-nuestras-representantes-en-miss-universe/ |access-date=11 Nobyembre 2022 |website=Epa! |language=es |archive-date=3 Disyembre 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203234725/http://www.epa.com.py/2021/10/15/te-presentamos-a-todas-nuestras-representantes-en-miss-universe/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Asuncion]]
|-
|{{PER}}
|Jacqueline Brahm&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=12 Nobyembre 2017 |title=Miss Perú: las peruanas más bellas de las últimas décadas |url=https://elcomercio.pe/tvmas/farandula/miss-peru-peruanas-bellas-ultimas-decadas-noticia-473145-noticia/ |access-date=11 Nobyembre 2022 |website=El Comercio Perú |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Lima
|-
|{{flagicon|FIJ}} [[Fiji|Pidyi]]
|Tanya Whiteside&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Naleba |first=Mere |date=29 Mayo 2018 |title=Tiki Togs founder passes away |url=https://www.fijitimes.com/tiki-togs-founder-passes-away/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Fiji Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Suva]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1936–1985, 1986–1998).svg}} [[Binibining Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]
|Criselda Cecilio&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=26 Hulyo 1979 |title=Entrant raps contest bias |language=en |pages=7 |work=Papua New Guinea Post-Courier |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/250623510?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Maynila]]
|-
|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]
|Päivi Uitto&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kerttula |first=Suvi |date=26 Disyembre 2018 |title=Kun Päivi Uitto valittiin Miss Suomeksi, hän halusi kruunusta eroon jo seuraavana päivänä – nykyään hän sitoo perhoja Kuusamossa |url=https://www.is.fi/viihde/art-2000005944184.html |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Ilta-Sanomat |language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Helsinki]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico|variant=1952}} [[Puerto Rico|Porto Riko]]
|Teresa López&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Hulyo 1979 |title=El papa es la mejor del mundo: dice persona dice la mayoria concursantes a Miss Universo |language=es |trans-title=The father is the best in the world: says person says the majority of contestants to Miss Universe |pages=1 |work=La Opinion |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=2oVEAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=MrUMAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=3126%2C1954887 |access-date=11 Agosto 2023 |via=Google News Archive}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|Mayagüez
|-
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Portugal]]
|Marta Maria Mendoça
|17
|[[Lisboa]]
|-
|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]
|Sylvie Paréra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jacob |first=Jérôme |date=17 Disyembre 2019 |title=Sylvie Paréra, Miss Marseille 78 élue Miss France 79: &quot;L'image des Miss a changé&quot; |url=https://www.laprovence.com/article/femina-provence/5810714/sylvie-parera-miss-marseille-78-elue-miss-france-79-limage-des-miss-a-change.html |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |website=La Provence |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Marsella]]
|-
|{{flagicon|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]
|Viena Elizabeth García&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=17 Hulyo 1979 |title=Baño de belleza |language=es |pages=3B |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=t5kqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=02EEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=2606%2C3754445 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Santo Domingo
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[Réunion]]
|Isabelle Jacquemart&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 Pebrero 2017 |title=Anaïs Montbel Fontaine élue Mademoiselle Réunion 2017 |url=https://www.7mag.re/Anais-Montbel-Fontaine-elue-Mademoiselle-Reunion-2017_a13643.html |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=7 Magazine Réunion |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Saint-Denis
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla.svg}} [[San Cristobal at Nieves|San Cristobal]]
|Cheryl Chaderton
|19
|[[Basseterre]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1907-1979).svg}} [[San Vicente at ang Granadinas|San Vicente]]
|June de Nobriga&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=9 Oktubre 2022 |title=A history of pageantry in SVG 1951 to 2019 |url=https://onenewsstvincent.com/2022/10/09/one-news-svg-pageant-corner-a-history-of-pageantry-in-svg-1951-to-2019/ |access-date=10 Disyembre 2022 |website=One News St.Vincent |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|[[Kingstown]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SGP}} [[Singapore|Singapura]]
|Elaine Tan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=5 Mayo 1979 |title=Living up to my title is a problem — Elaine |language=en |pages=3 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/newnation19790505-1.2.11 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|Singapura
|-
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka]]
|Vidyahari Vanigasooriya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=28 Hunyo 1979 |title=Contenders for title |language=en |pages=3 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110954260?searchTerm=%22Miss%20Universe%22# |access-date=31 Enero 2023 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SUR}} [[Suriname]]
|Sergine Lieuw-A-Len&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 Abril 1979 |title=Miss Suriname Sergine Lieuw A Lien |language=nl |pages=1 |work=Vrije Stem |url=https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:011187792:mpeg21:p001 |access-date=31 Marso 2023 |via=Delpher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Paramaribo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Suwesya]]
|Annette Ekström
|19
|Eskilstuna
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]
|Birgit Krahl&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|19
|[[Geneva]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974, 2020–present).svg}} [[French Polynesia|Tahiti]]
|Fabienne Tapare
|18
|Papeete
|-
|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Thailand|Taylandiya]]
|Wongduan Kerdpoom&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 Hulyo 1979 |title=In the swim of things... |language=en |pages=7 |work=New Nation |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Page/newnation19790702-1.1.7 |access-date=12 Enero 2023 |via=National Library Board}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|17
|[[Bangkok]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of South Africa (1928-1982).svg}} [[South Africa|Timog Aprika]]
|Veronica Wilson&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=In pictures: The modern-day beauty contest |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/programmes_the_modern_day_beauty_contest/html/7.stm |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=[[BBC News]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Johannesburg]]
|-
|{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]
|Jae-hwa Seo&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|20
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Transkei.svg}} Transkei
|Lindiwe Bam
|17
|Mthatha
|-
|{{flagicon|TTO}} [[Trinidad at Tobago]]
|Marie Noelle Diaz
|20
|[[Port of Spain]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CHL}} [[Chile|Tsile]]
|María Cecilia Serrano&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 Hulyo 2013 |title=Famosas que fueron reinas de belleza alguna vez |url=https://biut.latercera.com/cultura-pop/2013/07/famosas-que-fueron-reinas-de-belleza-alguna-vez/ |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023 |website=Biut |language=es |archive-date=30 Nobiyembre 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130133418/https://biut.latercera.com/cultura-pop/2013/07/famosas-que-fueron-reinas-de-belleza-alguna-vez/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|[[Santiago, Tsile|Santiago]]
|-
|{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkiya]]
|Fusin Dermitan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 Hulyo 1979 |title=Miss Turkey |language=en |pages=8 |work=The Canberra Times |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/110566677?searchTerm=Miss%20Universe |access-date=27 Disyembre 2022 |via=Trove}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Ankara]]
|-
|{{flagicon|URY}} [[Uruguay|Urugway]]
|Elizabeth Busti&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=16 Hulyo 1979 |title=Yo soy favorita de prensa, pero la prensa no es jurado |language=es |pages=5E |work=El Tiempo |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tpkqAAAAIBAJ&amp;sjid=02EEAAAAIBAJ&amp;pg=709%2C3923815 |access-date=1 Pebrero 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Montevideo]]
|}

== Mga tala ==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Panlabas na kawing ==

* {{Official website|https://www.missuniverse.com}}
{{Miss Universe}}</text>
      <sha1>iq5mqgi45gqf0h3uzp6x2n0u76g08d0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Puto maya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325313</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241075</id>
      <parentid>2239847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T23:08:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aubreyjanev</username>
        <id>159817</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */</comment>
      <origin>2241075</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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{{Infobox food|name=Puto maya|image=Mango sticy rice (3859549574).jpg|caption=Isang bersiyon ng puto maya mula sa Taylandiya|alternate_name=|country=|region=[[Timog-silangang Asya]] at [[Timog Asya]]|national_cuisine=Bangladesi, [[Lutuing Kamboyano|Kamboyano]], Lao, Hilagang-silangang Indiyano, [[Lutuing Pilipino|Pilipino]], Malasyo, [[Lutuing Taylandes|Taylandes]], [[Lutuing Biyetnames|Biyetnames]]|creator=|course=[[Panghimagas]]|type=|served=|main_ingredient=[[Malagkit]], [[mangga]], [[gata]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}

Ang '''puto maya''' o '''mangga't suman''' ay tradisyonal na panghimagas mula sa Timog-silangang Asya at Timog Asya na gawa sa [[Malagkit|malagkit na bigas]], sariwang [[mangga]] at gata, at kinukutsara o kinakamay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What Is Mango Sticky Rice? |trans-title=Ano Ang Puto Maya? |url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-mango-sticky-rice.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812232508/https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-mango-sticky-rice.htm |archive-date=12 Agosto 2020 |access-date=29 Mayo 2015 |website=wiseGEEK |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Paghahanda ==
Karaniwang pinapatamis ang mga panghimagas na may malagkit na bigas ng asukal sa palma o [[panutsa]] na hinalo sa [[gata]] at taliptip na niyog, na binalot sa [[dahon ng saging]], at pinasingaw o ipinasok sa kawayan at inihaw sa [[siga]] kagaya ng binungey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=theEgu6KXjgC&amp;dq=kow+lam&amp;pg=PA122|title=The Foreign Missionary|date=1876|publisher=Mission House|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18|archive-date=2023-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318134253/https://books.google.com/books?id=theEgu6KXjgC&amp;dq=kow+lam&amp;pg=PA122|url-status=live|trans-title=Ang Banyagang Misyonero}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabilang sa mga kailangang sangkap ang malagkit na bigas, dinelatang o sariwang [[gata]], asin, asukal sa palma at mangga.

Sa paghahanda nito, ibinababad ang kanin sa tubig at niluluto sa pagpasingaw o pagsaing. Samanatala, hinahalo ang gata sa asin at asukal at pinapainit nang hindi pinapakulo. Kapag luto na ang kanin, hinahalo ang tinimplang gata at kanin nang pantay-pantay at itinatabi para masipsip ng kanin ang gata. Binabalatan at hinihiwa ang mga mangga. Sa paghain nitong pagkain, sinasandok ang kanin sa plato, pinapatungan o tinatabihan ng mga mangga, at ibinubuhos ang natitirang gata sa ibabaw. Minsan, binubudburan ang malakit ng malutong na munggong-dilaw.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=6 Hulyo 2016 |title=Thai Mango Sticky Rice Recipe |trans-title=Resipi ng Taylandes na Puto Maya |url=https://www.eatingthaifood.com/thai-mango-sticky-rice-recipe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427193022/https://www.eatingthaifood.com/thai-mango-sticky-rice-recipe/ |archive-date=27 Abril 2017 |access-date=6 Marso 2017 |work=Mark Wiens |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kadalasang ginagamit ang dilaw na mangga na mas matamis kaysa sa berdeng mangga. Ang mga tradisyonal na ginagamit na baryante ng mangga ay Nam Dok Mai at ok-rong.&lt;ref name=สนาม&gt;{{cite web|url=http://news.ch7.com/detail/275725|work=[[BBTV Channel 7|Channel 7]]|language=th|date=2018-03-10|title=สนามข่าวชวนกิน : พาไปชิม! ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง ป้าใหญ่ ป้าเล็ก|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-date=2019-03-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330181734/https://news.ch7.com/detail/275725|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ginagamit ang malagkit, na mas matamis kumpara sa normal na kanin para sa pinakamainam na tekstura.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

==Mga baryasyon==
Ito ang mga baryasyon sa klasikong puto maya, kagaya ng pagpapalit ng malagkit ng pirurutong na nagbibigay ng lila na kulay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=16 Mayo 2006 |title=Coconut Milk Sticky Rice with Mangoes |trans-title=Ginataang Malagkit na may Mangga |url=https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/coconut-milk-sticky-rice-with-mangoes-233842 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040114/https://www.epicurious.com/recipes/food/views/coconut-milk-sticky-rice-with-mangoes-233842 |archive-date=1 Disyembre 2017 |access-date=21 Disyembre 2017 |website=Epicurious.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Talaksan:Mango sticky rice served in Thailand.jpg|thumb|Mangga't suman na inihain sa isang kainan sa Gitnang Pattaya sa Pattaya, [[Taylandiya]]]]

===Sa Taylandiya===
Ang ''khao niao mamuang'' ({{lang-th|ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง}}), na may salinwika na mangga at malagkit o {{Lang|en|mango sticky rice}}, ay tradisyonal na panghimagas Taylandes na binubuo ng malagkit na niluto sa gata at inihahain kasama ng mga bagong-hiwa na mangga sa ibabaw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Schmidt |first=Darlene |date=Hunyo 30, 2022 |title=Thai Mango Sticky Rice Dessert (Khao Niaow Ma Muang) |trans-title=Malagkit at Mangga, Ang Taylandes na Panghimagas (Khao Niaow Ma Muang) |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/mango-sticky-rice-dessert-3217361 |access-date=Abril 20, 2023 |website=The Spruce Eats |language=en |archive-date=Abril 20, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420042709/https://www.thespruceeats.com/mango-sticky-rice-dessert-3217361 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabilang sa mga opsiyonal na sahog ang binusang munggo at tinostang linga na maaaring ibudbod bilang pandagdag ng lutong at lasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=2021-07-07 |title=Thai Mango Sticky Rice |trans-title=Taylandes na Puto Maya |url=https://takestwoeggs.com/thai-mango-sticky-rice/ |access-date=Abril 21, 2023 |website=Takes Two Eggs |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa Gitnang Taylandiya, pangunahing sangkap ang gata dahil marami ang mga punong niyog sa rehiyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;cold&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sunpapao |first1=Anurag |last2=Suwannarach |first2=Naritsada |last3=Kumla |first3=Jaturong |last4=Dumhai |first4=Rungtiwa |last5=Phookamsak |first5=Rungtiwa |year=2022 |title=Morphological and molecular identification of plant pathogenic fungi associated with dirty panicle disease in coconuts (Cocos nucifera) in Thailand |trans-title=Pagkakakilanlang morpolohikal at molekular ng kolatkolat na nakakasakit sa halaman na nauugnay sa dirty panicle disease sa mga niyog (Cocos nucifera) sa Taylandiya |url=https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/335/pdf |journal=Journal of Fungi |language=en |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=335 |doi=10.3390/jof8040335 |pmc=9029170 |pmid= |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Subalit sa mas malamig na hilaga, kung saan mas mahirap makakuha ng sariwang niyog, mas bihira ang paggamit ng gata.&lt;ref name=&quot;cold&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Morla |first=Carla |date=Pebrero 6, 2019 |title=Thai cuisine beyond the coconut: Andrzej's Northen Thai feast in Manhattan |trans-title=Lutuing Taylandes hindi lang sa niyog: Hilagang Taylandes na salu-salo ni Andrzej sa Manhattan |url=https://www.eatwith.com/blog/2019/02/06/thai-cuisine-beyond-the-coconut/ |access-date=Abril 20, 2023 |website=Eatwith |language=en |quote=Sa Gitnang Taylandiya, isteypol ang gata. Subalit mabundok at magubat sa Hilagang Taylandiya. Hindi tumutubo ang punong niyog sa rehiyon at mas gawang-halaman at makalupa ang paglalarawan sa mga pagkain. (Isinalin mula sa Ingles)}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa Gitnang Taylandiya, karaniwang ginagamit ang ''khao niao moon'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.lovethailand.org/travel/en/1-Chiang-Mai/15732-Thai-Desserts-in-Each-Region-of-Thailand.html |title=Thai Desserts in Each Region of Thailand |website=Love Thailand |access-date=April 20, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; malagkit na bigas na hinalo sa gata, sa mga panghimagas kagaya ng puto maya, habang sa Hilaga at Hilagang-silangang Taylandiya, mas karaniwang isteypol ang &quot;medyo malagkit&quot; na kinakamay, nang hindi pinapares sa niyog.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=Hunyo 5, 2020 |title=Why Sticky Rice Reigns In The North Of Thailand - MICHELIN Guide |trans-title=Bakit Naghahari Ang Medyo Malagkit sa Hilaga ng Taylandiya - MICHELIN Guide |url=https://guide.michelin.com/th/en/article/features/why-sticky-rice-reigns-in-the-north-of-thailand |access-date=Abril 20, 2023 |website=MICHELIN Guide |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;eti&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Herzfeld |first=Michael |year=2011 |title=The Politics of the Thai Table: Food, Manners, Values |trans-title=Ang Pulitika ng Lamesang Taylandes: Pagkain, Kilos, Asal |url=https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/the-politics-of-the-thai-table-food-manners-values.pdf |journal=Education About Asia |language=en |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=46–48 |access-date=2023-10-09 |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531014423/https://www.asianstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/the-politics-of-the-thai-table-food-manners-values.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pinaniniwalaan na noong pahuli ng panahong Ayutthaya ang eksaktong pinagmulan ng ''khao niao mamuang'' sa Taylandiya. Inilalarawan ng isang taludtod mula sa panahong iyon ang pagkamahilig sa mga matatamis na pagkain, at nabanggit ang Manggang Ok Rong, isang kultibar na katutubo sa Taylandiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 Abril 2022 |title=ย้อนรอยที่มา 'ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง' ขนมหวานเลื่องชื่อของไทย |url=https://www.thaich8.com/news_detail/107492 |publisher=ช่อง 8 |lang=th}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong paghahari ni Hari Chulalongkorn, kinakain ang ''khao niao moon'' na may kasamang mangga.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ร้านอาหาร-เพจดัง รับกระแส 'ข้าวเหนียวมะม่วง' เผย สมัยร.2 เรียก 'ข้าวเหนียวใส่สีโศก' |url=https://www.matichon.co.th/social/news_3293520 |publisher=มติชน}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bagama't sinasabing nagmula ang mangga't [[suman]] sa Taylandiya,&lt;ref name=&quot;A&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Hong-Jun |first1=Chena |last2=Shao-Yu |first2=Chena |last3=Puttongsirib |first3=Tongchai |last4=Pinsirodomb |first4=Praphan |last5=Changa |first5=Yi-Huang |last6=Chih |first6=Cheng |date=22 Marso 2018 |title=production of low calories sticky rice with coconut milk |trans-title=produksiyon ng mababang kaloriyang malagkit at gata |url=http://ir.lib.ypu.edu.tw/ir/handle/310904600Q/13868 |language=en |access-date=27 Oktubre 2023 |archive-date=20 Abril 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420042711/http://ir.lib.ypu.edu.tw/ir/handle/310904600Q/13868 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Mango Sticky Rice: This Classic Thai Dessert Screams Summer (Recipe Inside) |language=en |trans-title=Mangga't Malagkit: Itong Klasikong Taylandes na Panghimagas, Talagang Pantag-init (May Resipi sa Loob) |work=NDTV Food |url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/mango-sticky-rice-this-classic-thai-dessert-screams-summer-recipe-inside-2234741 |accessdate=19 Abril 2022 |archive-date=19 Abril 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419071008/https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/mango-sticky-rice-this-classic-thai-dessert-screams-summer-recipe-inside-2234741 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kumalat na ito sa mararaming bansa sa Timog-silangan at Timog Asya.&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv&quot;/&gt;

Karaniwang pagkaing-kalye ang mangga't suman sa Taylandiya at kinokonsiderang kaakit-akit ng mga banyagang turistang bumabiyahe sa Taylandiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sudjaroen |first1=Yuttana |last2=Petcharaporn |first2=Kanyapat |date=2021 |title=Identity and Competitiveness of Thai Street Food Located In Travelling Area of Bangkok |url=https://rigeo.org/view-artical/?s_id=3950 |url-status=dead |journal=Review of International Geographical Education Online |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=4181–4186 |doi=10.48047/rigeo.11.07.385 |doi-broken-date=1 Agosto 2023 |issn=2146-0353 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628152033/https://rigeo.org/view-artical/?s_id=3950 |archive-date=28 Hunyo 2022 |access-date=7 Mayo 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kadalasan itong kinakain tuwing Abril at Mayo, sukdulan ng anihang mangga.&lt;ref name=&quot;tot&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2020 |title=Mango sticky rice |trans-title=Mangga't malagkit |url=https://www.tasteofthailand.org/mango-sticky-rice/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717020210/https://www.tasteofthailand.org/mango-sticky-rice/ |archive-date=17 Hulyo 2021 |access-date=19 Hulyo 2021 |publisher=Taste of Thailand |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinagsasamahan ang mga karaniwang matatamis na mangga, kagaya ng ''Nam Dok Mai'' o ''Ok rong'' sa malagkit na pinatamis ng [[gata]], at inihahain nang mainit-init.&lt;ref name=tot/&gt;

===Sa Laos===
Karaniwang panghimagas ang puto maya sa mga Lao kung saan naitanim ang malagkit sa kasaysayan ng pagkain at alamat.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Epstein|first=Steven|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gUhkAAAAMAAJ|title=Xieng Mieng: cleverest man in the Kingdom, a Lao tale retold by Steve Epstein; illustrated by Anoulom Souvandoune|date=1993|publisher=Vientiane Times|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18|archive-date=2023-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318134249/https://books.google.com/books?id=gUhkAAAAMAAJ|url-status=live|trans-title=Xieng Mieng: pinakamatalinong tao sa Kaharian, isang kuwentong Lao na muling isinalaysay ni Steve Epstein; inilarawan ni Anoulom Souvandoune}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sasson|first=Vanessa R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_TytPQ1gCvwC&amp;q=miang|title=Little Buddhas: Children and Childhoods in Buddhist Texts and Traditions|date=2013|publisher=OUP USA|isbn=978-0-19-994561-0|language=en|access-date=2021-11-18|archive-date=2023-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318134241/https://books.google.com/books?id=_TytPQ1gCvwC&amp;q=miang|url-status=live|trans-title=Maliliit na Buddha: Mga Bata at Pagkabata sa mga Teksto at Tradisyon ng Budismo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isang pambansang pagkain sa Laos ang malagkit na konektado sa kultura at mga tradisyon sa relihiyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Taste of Sticky Rice, Laos' National Dish |trans-title=Isang Tikim ng Malagkit, Pambansang Pagkain ng Laos |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/a-taste-of-sticky-rice-laos-national-dish-136291/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005194946/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/a-taste-of-sticky-rice-laos-national-dish-136291/ |archive-date=2021-10-05 |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Laos at the crossroads |trans-title=Laos sa sagandaan |url=https://grain.org/article/entries/315-laos-at-the-crossroads%7Caccess-date=2021-06-10%7Cwebsite=grain.org%7Clanguage=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717020204/https://grain.org/article/entries/315-laos-at-the-crossroads%7Caccess-date=2021-06-10%7Cwebsite=grain.org%7Clanguage=en |archive-date=2021-07-17 |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=grain.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=Enero 2017 |title=Rice Landscape Analysis - Feasibility of and opportunities for rice fortification in the Lao People's Democratic Republic {{!}} World Food Programme |trans-title=Pagsusuri ng Palayan - Pagiging posible at mga pagkakataon sa pagpapatibay ng bigas sa Demokratikong Republikang Bayan ng Lao {{!}} World Food Programme |url=https://www.wfp.org/publications/rice-landscape-analysis-feasibility-and-opportunities-rice-fortification-lao-peoples-democra |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107125904/https://www.wfp.org/publications/rice-landscape-analysis-feasibility-and-opportunities-rice-fortification-lao-peoples-democra |archive-date=2021-11-07 |access-date=2021-07-17 |website=www.wfp.org |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tuwing paghihinog ng mga mangga, inihahain ang malagkit na nilagyan ng pinatamis na gata at binusang linga kasama ng mga hiniwang mangga. Maaaring ihain ang malagkit kasama ng mangga lamang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Food from northern Laos: The boat landing cookbook|year=2010|page=173|first=Dorothy|last=Culloty|publisher=Galangal Press|url=https://ffnlblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/food-from-n-laos-pdf-2019.pdf|access-date=2022-05-06|archive-date=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727144137/https://ffnlblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/food-from-n-laos-pdf-2019.pdf|url-status=live|lang=en|trans-title=Pagkain mula sa hilagang Laos: Ang aklat-luto sa paglapag ng bangka}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Talaksan:Puto Maya and Sikwate.jpg|thumb|Puto maya at [[sikwate]] mula sa [[Cabadbaran]], [[Agusan del Norte]]]]

===Sa Pilipinas===

Isang paborito ng [[mga Bisaya]] ang puto maya, isang pangmeryendang malagkit na niluto sa gata, at minsan, luya. Inihahain ito kasama ng mga hinog na mangga (kung napapanahon) at [[sikwate]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dizon |first=Erika |date=Agosto 16, 2017 |title=Ever Wonder Why Puto Bumbong Is Violet? (It's Not Ube) |trans-title=Naitanong Mo Na Ba Kung Bakit Lila Ang Puto Bumbong? (Hindi Dahil sa Ube) |url=http://www.spot.ph/eatdrink/the-latest-eat-drink/71115/guide-philippine-rice-cakes-a00196-20170816-lfrm3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002083707/https://www.spot.ph/eatdrink/the-latest-eat-drink/71115/guide-philippine-rice-cakes-a00196-20170816-lfrm3 |archive-date=Oktubre 2, 2021 |access-date= |website=[[Spot.ph]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Raymund |date=Disyembre 27, 2013 |title=Puto maya |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/552911/puto-maya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002083557/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/552911/puto-maya |archive-date=Oktubre 2, 2021 |access-date= |website=Inquirer.net |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa [[Cagayan de Oro]], ginagamit ang lilang baryante ng malagkit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fenix |first=Micky |date=Agosto 26, 2015 |title='Puto maya,' 'sikwate,' 'bahal,' 'guinamos'–indigenous finds in a Cagayan de Oro market |trans-title='Puto maya,' 'sikwate,' 'bahal,' 'guinamos'–mga katutubong tuklas sa Kagay-anong palengke |url=https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/204554/puto-maya-sikwate-bahal-guinamos-indigenous-finds-in-a-cagayan-de-oro-market/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002084735/https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/204554/puto-maya-sikwate-bahal-guinamos-indigenous-finds-in-a-cagayan-de-oro-market/ |archive-date=Oktubre 2, 2021 |access-date= |website=Inquirer Lifestyle |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Lutuing Taylandes]]
[[Kategorya:Lutuing Biyetnames]]
[[Kategorya:Lutuing Pilipino]]
[[Kategorya:Panghimagas]]
[[Kategorya:Lutuing Kamboyano]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Estasyon ng Dr. Santos</title>
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      <text bytes="8751" sha1="n1bw0zju80gbq5vh5zirw4zgmu509g8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
|name=Dr. Santos
|symbol=1
|symbol_location=manila
|type=[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
|style=Manila LRT
|style2=1
|image=File:Dr. Santos station platform.jpg
|image_caption=Estasyon ng Dr. Santos noong Nobyembre 2024
|other_name=
|address=San Dionisio, [[Parañaque]]
|coordinates={{coord|14.48530|N|120.98956|E|dim:30_region:PH_type:railwaystation|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|line=[[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|Line 1]]
|other=
|structure=Biyadukto
|platform=Gilid ng plataporma
|tracks=2
|parking=
|bicycle=
|passengers=
|pass_year=
|pass_percent=
|opened=Nobyembre 16, 2024
|rebuilt=
|status=Tapos na
|opening=
|services={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=1|previous=Ninoy Aquino|next=Las Piñas}}
|accesible=
|code=
|owned=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]
|zone=
|map={{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}}}
Ang '''estasyong Dr. Santos''' ay isang estasyon ng Light Rail Transit (LRT) na matatagpuan sa LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system sa Parañaque.  Ito ay bahagi ng LRT-1 South Extension Project.  Matatagpuan ang istasyon sa pagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue (kung saan nagmula ang pangalan nito, na ipinangalan mismo sa dating gobernador ng Rizal na si Arcadio Santos), CAVITEX–C-5 Link at C-5 Extension sa Parañaque, ilang daang metro sa likod ng SM City Sucat. Ito ay magsisilbing timog na hangganan ng linya hanggang sa pagbubukas ng [[Estasyon ng Niog]] sa taong 2031.

== Kasaysayan ==
[[File: San_Dionisio,_Parañaque_25.jpg|thumb|Ang konstruksyon ng estasyon noong Abril 2023]]
Ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos ay unang binalak bilang bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension, na humihiling ng halos nakataas na extension na humigit-kumulang 11.7 kilometro (7.3 mi).  Ang extension ay magkakaroon ng 8 istasyon ng pasahero na may opsyon para sa 2 susunod na istasyon (Manuyo Uno at Talaba).  Ang proyekto ay unang naaprubahan noong Agosto 25, 2000 at ang pagpapatupad ng kasunduan para sa proyekto ay naaprubahan noong Enero 22, 2002. Gayunpaman, ang konstruksyon para sa extension ay paulit-ulit na naantala hanggang sa ang proyekto ay nai-shelf pagkaraan ng mga taon.

[[File:Parañaque, Philippines - Dr. Santos station entrance.jpg|thumb|left|Pasukan ng estasyon]]
Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 sa panahon ng ikalawang administrasyong Aquino at inaasahang sisimulan ang pagtatayo noong 2014 ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way.  Nalutas ang mga isyu noong 2016 at nagsimula ang proyekto noong Mayo 4, 2017. Samantala, nagsimula ang mga construction work sa south extension noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang right-of-way acquisition.

Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, pinasiyaan ng pangulong Marcos ang unang bahagi ng extension patungong Cavite at binuksan na ito sa publiko kinabukasan.

[[File:Dr. Santos station marker center3.jpg|thumb|Ang plake ng inagurasyon na nagpapaalala sa pagbubukas ng unang yugto ng Cavite Extension.]]
Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, ang Phase 1 ng LRT Line 1 Extension, kung saan kabilang ang istasyon, ay pinasinayaan ni Pangulong [[Bongbong Marcos]]; Inanunsyo ng pamunuan ng LRMC na magsisimula na ang kanilang mga operasyong pangkomersyo sa susunod na araw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1= Gita Carlo|first1=Ruth Abbey |title=PBBM: 'Mas maaasahan' na transportasyon gamit ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1|url= https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1237923|accessdate=Nobyembre 15, 2024 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=Nobyembre 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bahagyang pagbubukas ng LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1 ngayong Nobyembre —DOTR |first=Anna Felicia |last=Bajo |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/926286/dotr-announces-partial-opening-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-phase-1-this-november/story/ |work=GMA Integrated News |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ito ang nagsisilbing katimugang dulo ng LRT Line 1, na susunod sa [[Baclaran station|Baclaran]], hanggang sa pagbubukas ng Phase 2, na inaasahang sa taong 2031.&lt;ref name=&quot;ext&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Handa na ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Ph1 para sa mga operasyon sa Nobyembre 2024 |author= officiallrt1 |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://lrmc.ph/2024/11/07/lrt-1-cavite-extension-ph1-all-set-for-november-2024-operations/ |website=[[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang nakalaang paradahan ang binuksan noong Oktubre 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Oktubre 28, 2026 |title=Binuksan ang 24/7 na bayad na paradahan sa LRT-1 Dr. Santos Station |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/serbisyopubliko/transportation/1007467/24-7-paid-parking-space-opened-at-lrt-1-dr-santos-station |work=[[GMA News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Iminungkahing pagpapalit ng pangalan===
Noong Agosto 14, 2025, nagpasa ang Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Parañaque ng Resolusyon Blg. 2025-230 (004) serye ng 2025, na humihiling sa [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] (LRTA) na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon at gawin itong '''Dr. Arcadio Santos'''. Layunin nitong lubos na parangalan ang manggagamot at politiko mula sa Parañaque—ang taong pinagkunan ng pangalan ng kalapit na abenida, at dahil dito, pati na rin ng istasyon. Isinagawa ang hakbang na ito dahil ayon sa mga lokal na istoryador, ang pangalang &quot;Dr. Santos&quot; ay hindi kumakatawan sa isang mahalagang aspeto ng pagkakakilanlan ng lungsod, at itinuturing din ng mga konsehal na ito ay isang karaniwang pangalan lamang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://tribune.net.ph/2025/10/02/para%C3%B1aque-seeks-dr-santos-station-rename|title=Hinihiling ng Parañaque na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon ng Dr. Santos|date=Oktubre 2, 2025|accessdate=Oktubre 2, 2025|website=Daily Tribune|first=Kimberly Anne|last=Ojeda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang resolusyon ay kalaunan ay inaprubahan ni Mayor [[Edwin Olivarez]] noong Setyembre 9, 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;arcadio&quot; /&gt;

== Pagkakaayos ng estasyon ==
{|table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top | '''L2&lt;br/&gt;Mga plataporma'''
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Plataporma A
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ← [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong [[Estasyon ng Fernando Poe Jr.|Fernando Poe Jr.]]
|-
| Plataporma B
|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong riles palitan →
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Lipumpon
| width=&quot;400&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Mga faregate, bilihan ng tiket, sentro ng estasyon, hagdanan at ''escalator'', ''elevator'', ''restrooms'' at ''lactation room''
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Daanan
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ''Access road'' patungo sa estasyon, sakayan ng PUVs (bus, dyip, at mga taksi)
|}

== Mga link sa transportasyon ==
[[Talaksan:Second Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange CNE 10.jpg|thumb|left|Ang intermodal transportation terminal sa tabi ng estasyon ng Dr. Santos]]
Matatagpuan ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos sa tabi ng under-construction intermodal transport terminal na mapupuntahan sa pamamagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue, na mag-accommodate sa mga pampublikong transportasyong mode tulad ng mga jeepney, bus, taxi, at tricycle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://business.inquirer.net/463165/biz-buzz-another-pitx-in-paranaque|title=BIZ BUZZ: Isa na namang ‘PITX’ sa Parañaque|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=Hunyo 10, 2024|accessdate=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/6/18/dotr-partial-operations-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-expected-by-october-2024-1502|title=DOTR: Inaasahang magkakaroon ng bahagyang operasyon ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension pagsapit ng Oktubre 2024|first=Pia|last=Gutierrez|work=ABS-CBN News|date=Hunyo 18, 2024|access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Dr. Santos]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241186</id>
      <parentid>2241185</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:26:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
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      <origin>2241186</origin>
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      <text bytes="8741" sha1="ax1rp9k4ys8x7kyw2wgx4qx9lu5hbna" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
|name=Dr. Santos
|symbol=1
|symbol_location=manila
|type=[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
|style=Manila LRT
|style2=1
|image=File:Dr. Santos station platform.jpg
|image_caption=Estasyon ng Dr. Santos noong Nobyembre 2024
|other_name=
|address=San Dionisio, [[Parañaque]]
|coordinates={{coord|14.48530|N|120.98956|E|dim:30_region:PH_type:railwaystation|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|line=[[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|Line 1]]
|other=
|structure=Biyadukto
|platform=Gilid ng plataporma
|tracks=2
|parking=
|bicycle=
|passengers=
|pass_year=
|pass_percent=
|opened=Nobyembre 16, 2024
|rebuilt=
|status=Tapos na
|opening=
|services={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=1|previous=Ninoy Aquino|next=}}
|accesible=
|code=
|owned=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]
|zone=
|map={{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}}}
Ang '''estasyong Dr. Santos''' ay isang estasyon ng Light Rail Transit (LRT) na matatagpuan sa LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system sa Parañaque.  Ito ay bahagi ng LRT-1 South Extension Project.  Matatagpuan ang istasyon sa pagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue (kung saan nagmula ang pangalan nito, na ipinangalan mismo sa dating gobernador ng Rizal na si Arcadio Santos), CAVITEX–C-5 Link at C-5 Extension sa Parañaque, ilang daang metro sa likod ng SM City Sucat. Ito ay magsisilbing timog na hangganan ng linya hanggang sa pagbubukas ng [[Estasyon ng Niog]] sa taong 2031.

== Kasaysayan ==
[[File: San_Dionisio,_Parañaque_25.jpg|thumb|Ang konstruksyon ng estasyon noong Abril 2023]]
Ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos ay unang binalak bilang bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension, na humihiling ng halos nakataas na extension na humigit-kumulang 11.7 kilometro (7.3 mi).  Ang extension ay magkakaroon ng 8 istasyon ng pasahero na may opsyon para sa 2 susunod na istasyon (Manuyo Uno at Talaba).  Ang proyekto ay unang naaprubahan noong Agosto 25, 2000 at ang pagpapatupad ng kasunduan para sa proyekto ay naaprubahan noong Enero 22, 2002. Gayunpaman, ang konstruksyon para sa extension ay paulit-ulit na naantala hanggang sa ang proyekto ay nai-shelf pagkaraan ng mga taon.

[[File:Parañaque, Philippines - Dr. Santos station entrance.jpg|thumb|left|Pasukan ng estasyon]]
Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 sa panahon ng ikalawang administrasyong Aquino at inaasahang sisimulan ang pagtatayo noong 2014 ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way.  Nalutas ang mga isyu noong 2016 at nagsimula ang proyekto noong Mayo 4, 2017. Samantala, nagsimula ang mga construction work sa south extension noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang right-of-way acquisition.

Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, pinasiyaan ng pangulong Marcos ang unang bahagi ng extension patungong Cavite at binuksan na ito sa publiko kinabukasan.

[[File:Dr. Santos station marker center3.jpg|thumb|Ang plake ng inagurasyon na nagpapaalala sa pagbubukas ng unang yugto ng Cavite Extension.]]
Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, ang Phase 1 ng LRT Line 1 Extension, kung saan kabilang ang istasyon, ay pinasinayaan ni Pangulong [[Bongbong Marcos]]; Inanunsyo ng pamunuan ng LRMC na magsisimula na ang kanilang mga operasyong pangkomersyo sa susunod na araw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1= Gita Carlo|first1=Ruth Abbey |title=PBBM: 'Mas maaasahan' na transportasyon gamit ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1|url= https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1237923|accessdate=Nobyembre 15, 2024 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=Nobyembre 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bahagyang pagbubukas ng LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1 ngayong Nobyembre —DOTR |first=Anna Felicia |last=Bajo |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/926286/dotr-announces-partial-opening-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-phase-1-this-november/story/ |work=GMA Integrated News |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ito ang nagsisilbing katimugang dulo ng LRT Line 1, na susunod sa [[Baclaran station|Baclaran]], hanggang sa pagbubukas ng Phase 2, na inaasahang sa taong 2031.&lt;ref name=&quot;ext&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Handa na ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Ph1 para sa mga operasyon sa Nobyembre 2024 |author= officiallrt1 |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://lrmc.ph/2024/11/07/lrt-1-cavite-extension-ph1-all-set-for-november-2024-operations/ |website=[[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang nakalaang paradahan ang binuksan noong Oktubre 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Oktubre 28, 2026 |title=Binuksan ang 24/7 na bayad na paradahan sa LRT-1 Dr. Santos Station |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/serbisyopubliko/transportation/1007467/24-7-paid-parking-space-opened-at-lrt-1-dr-santos-station |work=[[GMA News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Iminungkahing pagpapalit ng pangalan===
Noong Agosto 14, 2025, nagpasa ang Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Parañaque ng Resolusyon Blg. 2025-230 (004) serye ng 2025, na humihiling sa [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] (LRTA) na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon at gawin itong '''Dr. Arcadio Santos'''. Layunin nitong lubos na parangalan ang manggagamot at politiko mula sa Parañaque—ang taong pinagkunan ng pangalan ng kalapit na abenida, at dahil dito, pati na rin ng istasyon. Isinagawa ang hakbang na ito dahil ayon sa mga lokal na istoryador, ang pangalang &quot;Dr. Santos&quot; ay hindi kumakatawan sa isang mahalagang aspeto ng pagkakakilanlan ng lungsod, at itinuturing din ng mga konsehal na ito ay isang karaniwang pangalan lamang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://tribune.net.ph/2025/10/02/para%C3%B1aque-seeks-dr-santos-station-rename|title=Hinihiling ng Parañaque na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon ng Dr. Santos|date=Oktubre 2, 2025|accessdate=Oktubre 2, 2025|website=Daily Tribune|first=Kimberly Anne|last=Ojeda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang resolusyon ay kalaunan ay inaprubahan ni Mayor [[Edwin Olivarez]] noong Setyembre 9, 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;arcadio&quot; /&gt;

== Pagkakaayos ng estasyon ==
{|table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top | '''L2&lt;br/&gt;Mga plataporma'''
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Plataporma A
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ← [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong [[Estasyon ng Fernando Poe Jr.|Fernando Poe Jr.]]
|-
| Plataporma B
|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong riles palitan →
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Lipumpon
| width=&quot;400&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Mga faregate, bilihan ng tiket, sentro ng estasyon, hagdanan at ''escalator'', ''elevator'', ''restrooms'' at ''lactation room''
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Daanan
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ''Access road'' patungo sa estasyon, sakayan ng PUVs (bus, dyip, at mga taksi)
|}

== Mga link sa transportasyon ==
[[Talaksan:Second Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange CNE 10.jpg|thumb|left|Ang intermodal transportation terminal sa tabi ng estasyon ng Dr. Santos]]
Matatagpuan ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos sa tabi ng under-construction intermodal transport terminal na mapupuntahan sa pamamagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue, na mag-accommodate sa mga pampublikong transportasyong mode tulad ng mga jeepney, bus, taxi, at tricycle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://business.inquirer.net/463165/biz-buzz-another-pitx-in-paranaque|title=BIZ BUZZ: Isa na namang ‘PITX’ sa Parañaque|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=Hunyo 10, 2024|accessdate=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/6/18/dotr-partial-operations-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-expected-by-october-2024-1502|title=DOTR: Inaasahang magkakaroon ng bahagyang operasyon ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension pagsapit ng Oktubre 2024|first=Pia|last=Gutierrez|work=ABS-CBN News|date=Hunyo 18, 2024|access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Dr. Santos]]</text>
      <sha1>ax1rp9k4ys8x7kyw2wgx4qx9lu5hbna</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241187</id>
      <parentid>2241186</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:27:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59280-17</username>
        <id>168633</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasaysayan */</comment>
      <origin>2241187</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8648" sha1="25tw1uj7axoyn19572sfb37etzhwunq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox station
|name=Dr. Santos
|symbol=1
|symbol_location=manila
|type=[[Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila]]
|style=Manila LRT
|style2=1
|image=File:Dr. Santos station platform.jpg
|image_caption=Estasyon ng Dr. Santos noong Nobyembre 2024
|other_name=
|address=San Dionisio, [[Parañaque]]
|coordinates={{coord|14.48530|N|120.98956|E|dim:30_region:PH_type:railwaystation|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|line=[[Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1|Line 1]]
|other=
|structure=Biyadukto
|platform=Gilid ng plataporma
|tracks=2
|parking=
|bicycle=
|passengers=
|pass_year=
|pass_percent=
|opened=Nobyembre 16, 2024
|rebuilt=
|status=Tapos na
|opening=
|services={{S-rail|title=Manila LRT}}
{{s-line|system=Manila Rail Transit|line=1|previous=Ninoy Aquino|next=}}
|accesible=
|code=
|owned=[[Light Rail Transit Authority]]
|zone=
|map={{Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1}}}}
Ang '''estasyong Dr. Santos''' ay isang estasyon ng Light Rail Transit (LRT) na matatagpuan sa LRT Line 1 (LRT-1) system sa Parañaque.  Ito ay bahagi ng LRT-1 South Extension Project.  Matatagpuan ang istasyon sa pagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue (kung saan nagmula ang pangalan nito, na ipinangalan mismo sa dating gobernador ng Rizal na si Arcadio Santos), CAVITEX–C-5 Link at C-5 Extension sa Parañaque, ilang daang metro sa likod ng SM City Sucat. Ito ay magsisilbing timog na hangganan ng linya hanggang sa pagbubukas ng [[Estasyon ng Niog]] sa taong 2031.

== Kasaysayan ==

Ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos ay unang binalak bilang bahagi ng Line 1 South Extension, na humihiling ng halos nakataas na extension na humigit-kumulang 11.7 kilometro (7.3 mi).  Ang extension ay magkakaroon ng 8 istasyon ng pasahero na may opsyon para sa 2 susunod na istasyon (Manuyo Uno at Talaba).  Ang proyekto ay unang naaprubahan noong Agosto 25, 2000 at ang pagpapatupad ng kasunduan para sa proyekto ay naaprubahan noong Enero 22, 2002. Gayunpaman, ang konstruksyon para sa extension ay paulit-ulit na naantala hanggang sa ang proyekto ay nai-shelf pagkaraan ng mga taon.

[[File:Parañaque, Philippines - Dr. Santos station entrance.jpg|thumb|left|Pasukan ng estasyon]]
Ang mga plano para sa southern extension project ay sinimulan muli noong 2012 sa panahon ng ikalawang administrasyong Aquino at inaasahang sisimulan ang pagtatayo noong 2014 ngunit naantala dahil sa mga isyu sa right of way.  Nalutas ang mga isyu noong 2016 at nagsimula ang proyekto noong Mayo 4, 2017. Samantala, nagsimula ang mga construction work sa south extension noong Mayo 7, 2019 matapos ma-clear ang right-of-way acquisition.

Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, pinasiyaan ng pangulong Marcos ang unang bahagi ng extension patungong Cavite at binuksan na ito sa publiko kinabukasan.

[[File:Dr. Santos station marker center3.jpg|thumb|Ang plake ng inagurasyon na nagpapaalala sa pagbubukas ng unang yugto ng Cavite Extension.]]
Noong Nobyembre 15, 2024, ang Phase 1 ng LRT Line 1 Extension, kung saan kabilang ang istasyon, ay pinasinayaan ni Pangulong [[Bongbong Marcos]]; Inanunsyo ng pamunuan ng LRMC na magsisimula na ang kanilang mga operasyong pangkomersyo sa susunod na araw.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1= Gita Carlo|first1=Ruth Abbey |title=PBBM: 'Mas maaasahan' na transportasyon gamit ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1|url= https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1237923|accessdate=Nobyembre 15, 2024 |work=[[Philippine News Agency]] |date=Nobyembre 15, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bahagyang pagbubukas ng LRT-1 Cavite Extension Phase 1 ngayong Nobyembre —DOTR |first=Anna Felicia |last=Bajo |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/926286/dotr-announces-partial-opening-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-phase-1-this-november/story/ |work=GMA Integrated News |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ito ang nagsisilbing katimugang dulo ng LRT Line 1, na susunod sa [[Baclaran station|Baclaran]], hanggang sa pagbubukas ng Phase 2, na inaasahang sa taong 2031.&lt;ref name=&quot;ext&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Handa na ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension Ph1 para sa mga operasyon sa Nobyembre 2024 |author= officiallrt1 |date=Nobyembre 7, 2024 |url=https://lrmc.ph/2024/11/07/lrt-1-cavite-extension-ph1-all-set-for-november-2024-operations/ |website=[[Light Rail Manila Corporation]] |access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Isang nakalaang paradahan ang binuksan noong Oktubre 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=Oktubre 28, 2026 |title=Binuksan ang 24/7 na bayad na paradahan sa LRT-1 Dr. Santos Station |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/serbisyopubliko/transportation/1007467/24-7-paid-parking-space-opened-at-lrt-1-dr-santos-station |work=[[GMA News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Iminungkahing pagpapalit ng pangalan===
Noong Agosto 14, 2025, nagpasa ang Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Parañaque ng Resolusyon Blg. 2025-230 (004) serye ng 2025, na humihiling sa [[Light Rail Transit Authority]] (LRTA) na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon at gawin itong '''Dr. Arcadio Santos'''. Layunin nitong lubos na parangalan ang manggagamot at politiko mula sa Parañaque—ang taong pinagkunan ng pangalan ng kalapit na abenida, at dahil dito, pati na rin ng istasyon. Isinagawa ang hakbang na ito dahil ayon sa mga lokal na istoryador, ang pangalang &quot;Dr. Santos&quot; ay hindi kumakatawan sa isang mahalagang aspeto ng pagkakakilanlan ng lungsod, at itinuturing din ng mga konsehal na ito ay isang karaniwang pangalan lamang.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://tribune.net.ph/2025/10/02/para%C3%B1aque-seeks-dr-santos-station-rename|title=Hinihiling ng Parañaque na palitan ang pangalan ng istasyon ng Dr. Santos|date=Oktubre 2, 2025|accessdate=Oktubre 2, 2025|website=Daily Tribune|first=Kimberly Anne|last=Ojeda}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang resolusyon ay kalaunan ay inaprubahan ni Mayor [[Edwin Olivarez]] noong Setyembre 9, 2025.&lt;ref name=&quot;arcadio&quot; /&gt;

== Pagkakaayos ng estasyon ==
{|table border=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot;
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; rowspan=4 valign=top | '''L2&lt;br/&gt;Mga plataporma'''
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Plataporma A
| style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ← [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong [[Estasyon ng Fernando Poe Jr.|Fernando Poe Jr.]]
|-
| Plataporma B
|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;→&lt;/span&gt; [[Unang Linya ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|'''Unang Linya ng LRT''']] patungong riles palitan →
|-
| style=&quot;border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;&quot; colspan=2|&lt;small&gt;[[Platapormang pagilid]], magbubukas ang mga pinto sa kanan&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Lipumpon
| width=&quot;400&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Mga faregate, bilihan ng tiket, sentro ng estasyon, hagdanan at ''escalator'', ''elevator'', ''restrooms'' at ''lactation room''
|-
| width=&quot;50&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | '''L1'''
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | Daanan
| width=&quot;100&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;&quot; | ''Access road'' patungo sa estasyon, sakayan ng PUVs (bus, dyip, at mga taksi)
|}

== Mga link sa transportasyon ==
[[Talaksan:Second Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange CNE 10.jpg|thumb|left|Ang intermodal transportation terminal sa tabi ng estasyon ng Dr. Santos]]
Matatagpuan ang istasyon ng Dr. Santos sa tabi ng under-construction intermodal transport terminal na mapupuntahan sa pamamagitan ng Dr. Santos Avenue, na mag-accommodate sa mga pampublikong transportasyong mode tulad ng mga jeepney, bus, taxi, at tricycle.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://business.inquirer.net/463165/biz-buzz-another-pitx-in-paranaque|title=BIZ BUZZ: Isa na namang ‘PITX’ sa Parañaque|publisher=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=Hunyo 10, 2024|accessdate=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/business/2024/6/18/dotr-partial-operations-of-lrt-1-cavite-extension-expected-by-october-2024-1502|title=DOTR: Inaasahang magkakaroon ng bahagyang operasyon ang LRT-1 Cavite Extension pagsapit ng Oktubre 2024|first=Pia|last=Gutierrez|work=ABS-CBN News|date=Hunyo 18, 2024|access-date=Nobyembre 7, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga estasyon ng Sistema ng Light Rail Transit ng Maynila|Dr. Santos]]</text>
      <sha1>25tw1uj7axoyn19572sfb37etzhwunq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kaissar Broadcasting Network</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>330749</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241086</id>
      <parentid>2231437</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:01:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59282-38</username>
        <id>168621</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* FM */</comment>
      <origin>2241086</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3514" sha1="bhw4s26dhji2ywwfj7p4dvf71kh5vna" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
|  name           = Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.
|  logo           = 
|  type           = [[:en:Private company|Private]]
|  industry       = Broadcasting
|  foundation     = 1995
|  founder        = 
|  location       = [[Mandaluyong]], [[Philippines]]
|  key_people     = Ceasar Llanora&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chairman at Presidente)&lt;/small&gt;
|  owner          =
|  parent         = 
|  revenue        = 
|  net_income     = 
|  num_employees  = 
|  homepage       = 
}}

Ang '''Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.''' ay isang kumpanyang pagsasahimpapawid sa [[Pilipinas]]. Ang tanggapan nito ay matatagpuan sa 926-B, San Jose St., Brgy. Mauway, [[Mandaluyong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8027.php |title=Republic Act No. 8027 |website=The Corpus Juris |date=May 25, 1995 |access-date=April 9, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |title=KBP Members |website=Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas |access-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-date=Hulyo 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710092251/https://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kasysayan==
Itinatag ang Kaissar Broadcasting Network noong 1995 sa pamamagitan ng [[DXKV]] (91.1 FM) na nakabase sa [[Pagadian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;/&gt;

==Mga Himpilan==
===AM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
| DWJJ 684
| [[DWJJ]]
| 684&amp;nbsp;kHz
| [[Cabanatuan]]
|}

===FM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
| Radyo 104
| DWER
| 104.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Roxas, Isabela|Roxas]]
|-
| CSFM
| {{n/a}}
| 98.4&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Bacoor]]
|-
| DWOM
| [[DWOM]]
| 105.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Calapan]]
|-
| The Bay FM
| DWKF
| 96.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro|San Jose]]
|-
| RPFM
| [[DXLT]]
| 99.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Tagum]]
|-
| Radyo combati
| {{n/a}}
| 107.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Valencia, Bukidnon|Valencia]]
|-
| DXNT
| [[DXNT]]
| 96.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Oroquieta]]
|-
| The Voice
| [[DXKV]]
| 91.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Pagadian]]
|-
|}

===Telebisyon===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Ch. #
! Power kW
! Location
! Notes
|-
| TV5 Puerto Princesa
| DWRK-TV
| TV-9
| 5&amp;nbsp;kW
| [[Puerto Princesa]]
| Kaanib ng [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] (riley)
|}

=== Mga dating Himpilan ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Callsign
! Talapihitan
! Lokasyon
! Kasalukuyang Estado
|-
| [[DWKV]]
| 102.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DZCT]]
| 105.3 MHz
| [[Tayabas]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[DCG Radio-TV Network]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWKE]]
| 98.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lopez, Quezon|Lopez]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Presidential Broadcast Service]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWSE]]
| 103.7&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Daet]]
| rowspan=2|Nawala sa ere noong 2023.
|-
| [[DWOP]]
| 103.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]]
|-
| [[DZCL]]
| 93.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Ligao]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2020. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DXKA]]
| 90.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Butuan]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Radyo sa Pilipinas}}

[[Kategorya:Mga kompanyang pagsasahimpapawid ng Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>bhw4s26dhji2ywwfj7p4dvf71kh5vna</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241087</id>
      <parentid>2241086</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:02:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59282-38</username>
        <id>168621</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* FM */</comment>
      <origin>2241087</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3514" sha1="67d6lif59lwg97k94wrfkllfdr6605z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
|  name           = Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.
|  logo           = 
|  type           = [[:en:Private company|Private]]
|  industry       = Broadcasting
|  foundation     = 1995
|  founder        = 
|  location       = [[Mandaluyong]], [[Philippines]]
|  key_people     = Ceasar Llanora&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chairman at Presidente)&lt;/small&gt;
|  owner          =
|  parent         = 
|  revenue        = 
|  net_income     = 
|  num_employees  = 
|  homepage       = 
}}

Ang '''Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.''' ay isang kumpanyang pagsasahimpapawid sa [[Pilipinas]]. Ang tanggapan nito ay matatagpuan sa 926-B, San Jose St., Brgy. Mauway, [[Mandaluyong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8027.php |title=Republic Act No. 8027 |website=The Corpus Juris |date=May 25, 1995 |access-date=April 9, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |title=KBP Members |website=Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas |access-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-date=Hulyo 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710092251/https://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kasysayan==
Itinatag ang Kaissar Broadcasting Network noong 1995 sa pamamagitan ng [[DXKV]] (91.1 FM) na nakabase sa [[Pagadian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;/&gt;

==Mga Himpilan==
===AM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
| DWJJ 684
| [[DWJJ]]
| 684&amp;nbsp;kHz
| [[Cabanatuan]]
|}

===FM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
| Radyo 104
| DWER
| 104.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Roxas, Isabela|Roxas]]
|-
| CSFM
| {{n/a}}
| 98.4&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Bacoor]]
|-
| DWOM
| [[DWOM]]
| 105.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Calapan]]
|-
| The Bay FM
| DWKF
| 88.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro|San Jose]]
|-
| RPFM
| [[DXLT]]
| 99.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Tagum]]
|-
| Radyo combati
| {{n/a}}
| 107.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Valencia, Bukidnon|Valencia]]
|-
| DXNT
| [[DXNT]]
| 96.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Oroquieta]]
|-
| The Voice
| [[DXKV]]
| 91.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Pagadian]]
|-
|}

===Telebisyon===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Ch. #
! Power kW
! Location
! Notes
|-
| TV5 Puerto Princesa
| DWRK-TV
| TV-9
| 5&amp;nbsp;kW
| [[Puerto Princesa]]
| Kaanib ng [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] (riley)
|}

=== Mga dating Himpilan ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Callsign
! Talapihitan
! Lokasyon
! Kasalukuyang Estado
|-
| [[DWKV]]
| 102.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DZCT]]
| 105.3 MHz
| [[Tayabas]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[DCG Radio-TV Network]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWKE]]
| 98.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lopez, Quezon|Lopez]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Presidential Broadcast Service]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWSE]]
| 103.7&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Daet]]
| rowspan=2|Nawala sa ere noong 2023.
|-
| [[DWOP]]
| 103.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]]
|-
| [[DZCL]]
| 93.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Ligao]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2020. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DXKA]]
| 90.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Butuan]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Radyo sa Pilipinas}}

[[Kategorya:Mga kompanyang pagsasahimpapawid ng Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>67d6lif59lwg97k94wrfkllfdr6605z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241088</id>
      <parentid>2241087</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:04:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-59282-38</username>
        <id>168621</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* FM */</comment>
      <origin>2241088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3429" sha1="4y5dtxkuh71wfdgssgs5l450gj79yz4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
|  name           = Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.
|  logo           = 
|  type           = [[:en:Private company|Private]]
|  industry       = Broadcasting
|  foundation     = 1995
|  founder        = 
|  location       = [[Mandaluyong]], [[Philippines]]
|  key_people     = Ceasar Llanora&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Chairman at Presidente)&lt;/small&gt;
|  owner          =
|  parent         = 
|  revenue        = 
|  net_income     = 
|  num_employees  = 
|  homepage       = 
}}

Ang '''Kaissar Broadcasting Network, Inc.''' ay isang kumpanyang pagsasahimpapawid sa [[Pilipinas]]. Ang tanggapan nito ay matatagpuan sa 926-B, San Jose St., Brgy. Mauway, [[Mandaluyong]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thecorpusjuris.com/legislative/republic-acts/ra-no-8027.php |title=Republic Act No. 8027 |website=The Corpus Juris |date=May 25, 1995 |access-date=April 9, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |title=KBP Members |website=Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas |access-date=April 9, 2019 |archive-date=Hulyo 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710092251/https://www.kbp.org.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Kaissar-Broadcast-Network-Inc.jpg |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Kasysayan==
Itinatag ang Kaissar Broadcasting Network noong 1995 sa pamamagitan ng [[DXKV]] (91.1 FM) na nakabase sa [[Pagadian]].&lt;ref name=&quot;cj&quot;/&gt;

==Mga Himpilan==
===AM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
| DWJJ 684
| [[DWJJ]]
| 684&amp;nbsp;kHz
| [[Cabanatuan]]
|}

===FM===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Frequency
! Location 
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
| {{n/a}}
|
|
|-
| DWOM
| [[DWOM]]
| 105.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Calapan]]
|-
| The Bay FM
| DWKF
| 88.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro|San Jose]]
|-
| RPFM
| [[DXLT]]
| 99.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Tagum]]
|-
| Radyo combati
| {{n/a}}
| 107.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Valencia, Bukidnon|Valencia]]
|-
| DXNT
| [[DXNT]]
| 96.5&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Oroquieta]]
|-
| The Voice
| [[DXKV]]
| 91.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Pagadian]]
|-
|}

===Telebisyon===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Branding
! Callsign
! Ch. #
! Power kW
! Location
! Notes
|-
| TV5 Puerto Princesa
| DWRK-TV
| TV-9
| 5&amp;nbsp;kW
| [[Puerto Princesa]]
| Kaanib ng [[TV5 (Philippine TV network)|TV5]] (riley)
|}

=== Mga dating Himpilan ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Callsign
! Talapihitan
! Lokasyon
! Kasalukuyang Estado
|-
| [[DWKV]]
| 102.3&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lipa, Batangas|Lipa]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DZCT]]
| 105.3 MHz
| [[Tayabas]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[DCG Radio-TV Network]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWKE]]
| 98.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Lopez, Quezon|Lopez]]
| Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Presidential Broadcast Service]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DWSE]]
| 103.7&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Daet]]
| rowspan=2|Nawala sa ere noong 2023.
|-
| [[DWOP]]
| 103.9&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]]
|-
| [[DZCL]]
| 93.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Ligao]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2020. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[Philippine Collective Media Corporation]] ang talapihitan.
|-
| [[DXKA]]
| 90.1&amp;nbsp;MHz
| [[Butuan]]
| Nawala sa ere noong 2023. Kasalukuyang pagmamay-ari ng [[St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology]] ang talapihitan.
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Radyo sa Pilipinas}}

[[Kategorya:Mga kompanyang pagsasahimpapawid ng Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>4y5dtxkuh71wfdgssgs5l450gj79yz4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Samuel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>335230</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241106</id>
      <parentid>2235691</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:16:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241106</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="666" sha1="ptlahczl5qie8v94yjwsyknmt24qnlp" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Samuel''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Sa Pilipinas ay isang karaniwang pangalang lalaki.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Seniang (2014)|Seniang]] noong 2014.

* [[Bagyong Samuel (2018)]] - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Usagi.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Samuel (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* Bagyong Samuel (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Cempaka''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Rosal|Rosal]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Samuel|after=[[Bagyong Tomas|Tomas]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samuel}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>ptlahczl5qie8v94yjwsyknmt24qnlp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Wilma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>335879</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241144</id>
      <parentid>2226284</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:23:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241144</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="940" sha1="n7055n5lgb7bcuxoi6at8amcca1r5of" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Wilma''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Walding}} noong 1997.

*{{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2001)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2005)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2009)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Wilma at BOB 05]] - ay isang mahinang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Kabisayaan]] noong ika Nobyembre 2013.
*{{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2017)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Wilma (2025)]], 93W, 12a - ay isang mahinang bagyo sa [[Kabisayaan]], [[Timog Luzon]], [[Pilipinas]].
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Verbena|Verbena]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Wilma|after={{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Yasmin|Yasmin]]}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilma}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>n7055n5lgb7bcuxoi6at8amcca1r5of</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241152</id>
      <parentid>2241144</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:51:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241152</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="961" sha1="l5eth6vh6l3liqv09o5ut1km2360369" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Wilma''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Walding}} noong 1997.

*{{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2001)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2005)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2009)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Wilma at BOB 05|Bagyong Wilma (2013)]] - ay isang mahinang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Kabisayaan]] noong ika Nobyembre 2013.
*{{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2017)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Wilma (2025)]], 93W, 12a - ay isang mahinang bagyo sa [[Kabisayaan]], [[Timog Luzon]], [[Pilipinas]].
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Wilma (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Verbena|Verbena]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Wilma|after={{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Yasmin|Yasmin]]}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilma}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>l5eth6vh6l3liqv09o5ut1km2360369</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Zoraida</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>335880</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241143</id>
      <parentid>2226732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:22:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241143</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="871" sha1="e44jyk6dx8hck94guuricwyymg5w204" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Zoraida''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang {{grey|Zuma}} noong 2001.

* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2005)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2009)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* [[Bagyong Zoraida (2013)]] - ay isang mahinang bagyo na dumaan sa [[Mindanao]] noong ika Nobyembre 2013, na may internasyonal pangalan na Podul.
*{{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2017)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2025)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Zoraida (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Yasmin|Yasmin]]}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Zoraida|after=[[Bagyong Ada|Ada]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zoraida}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>e44jyk6dx8hck94guuricwyymg5w204</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Rosal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>335896</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241173</id>
      <parentid>2239753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:11:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="594" sha1="kxeoug4yyiillwa6md6kz734z4dpl87" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''[[Rosal]]''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Sa Pilipinas ay isang puting [[bulaklak]].

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Rosita|Rosita]] noong 2018.

* Bagyong Rosal (2022) - ay isang mahinang bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] na pinangalanang Pakhar.
* Bagyong Rosal (2026) - ay isang super bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Champi''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Rosal|after=[[Bagyong Samuel|Samuel]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rosal}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>kxeoug4yyiillwa6md6kz734z4dpl87</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pagpapangalan sa bagyo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241178</id>
      <parentid>2239775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:26:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Pilipinas */</comment>
      <origin>2241178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16635" sha1="cyk8ix1r6352kxmxz7zc0yh6j6l7qxu" xml:space="preserve">{{Main|Bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
Ang mga tropikal na [[bagyo]] at subtropikal na bagyo ay binibigyan ng pangalan ng iba’t ibang mga sentrong nagbibigay-babala upang mapadali ang pakikipag-ugnayan sa pagitan ng mga tagapagbalita ng panahon at ng pangkalahatang publiko hinggil sa mga pagtataya, babala, at paalala. Nilalayon ng pagbibigay ng pangalan na maiwasan ang kalituhan kapag may sabay-sabay na unos sa iisang karagatan. Kapag ang isang bagyo ay nakabuo ng tuloy-tuloy na bilis ng hangin na higit sa 33 buhol (61 km/o; 38 milya bawat oras), karaniwang binibigyan ito ng pangalan mula sa mga itinakdang talaan ng mga pangalan, depende sa karagatang pinagmulan nito. Sa Kanlurang Pasipiko, ilang tropikal na depresyon ay binibigyan na ng pangalan, samantalang sa [[Timog Hating-globo|Katimugang Hemispero]], kinakailangan munang magkaroon ang isang bagyo ng malaking bahagi ng hanging malakas gaya ng buhawi (''gale-force winds'') bago ito pangalanan.

Bago naging karaniwang gawi ang pagbibigay ng mga pangalan ng tao sa mga tropikal na bagyo, tinatawag sila ayon sa mga lugar, bagay, o pista ng mga [[santo]] kung kailan sila naganap. Ibinibigay ang pagkilala kay Clement Wragge, isang [[Meteorolohiya|meteorolohista]] ng Pamahalaan ng [[Queensland]], bilang unang gumamit ng mga personal na pangalan para sa mga sistema ng panahon, mula 1887 hanggang 1907. Nang siya ay magretiro, pansamantalang natigil ang ganitong kaugalian hanggang sa muli itong gamitin sa huling bahagi ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] para sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Mula noon, ginamit na ang mga pormal na sistema at talaan ng pangalan para sa mga malalakas na bagyo sa Silangan, Gitna, Kanluran at Katimugang Pasipiko, gayundin sa rehiyon ng [[Australya]], [[Karagatang Atlantiko]], at [[Karagatang Indiyo]].

== Kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko (180° – 100°E) ==
[[File:Yagi_2024-09-05_0000Z.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yagi_2024-09-05_0000Z.jpg|thumb|Ang [[Bagyong Enteng|bagyong Yagi]] (PAGASA: Enteng) sa pinakamalakas nitong antas habang papalapit sa [[Hainan]] noong Setyembre 2024]]
Ang mga tropikal na bagyo na nabubuo sa [[Hilagang Hating-globo|Hilagang Hemispero]] sa pagitan ng anti-meridian at 100°E ay opisyal na pinapangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, Ahensiyang Meteorolohikal ng Hapon) kapag umabot na ang mga ito sa antas ng tropikal na bagyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot;&gt;{{cite report|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|title=Typhoon Committee Operational Manual: Meteorological Component 2024|year=2025|format=PDF|url=https://www.typhooncommittee.org/docs/TCP-23EDITION2025.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gayunpaman, ang [[PAGASA]] ay nagbibigay din ng mga pangalan sa mga tropikal na bagyong nagaganap o nagiging tropikal na depresyon sa loob ng sariling itinakdang rehiyon ng pananagutan (''area of responsibility'') nito sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N at 115°E–135°E.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMA&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 27, 2011 |title=Why and how storms get their names |publisher=GMA News |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/233580/news/nation/why-and-how-storms-get-their-names |url-status=live |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081827/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/233580/news/nation/why-and-how-storms-get-their-names |archive-date=December 1, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dahil dito, madalas na nagkakaroon ng dalawang pangalan ang mga tropikal na bagyo sa rehiyong ito.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMA&quot; /&gt;

=== Mga pandaigdigang pangalan ===
Ang mga tropikal na bagyo sa Kanlurang Pasipiko ay binibigyan ng mga pandaigdigang pangalan ng JMA kapag naabot na ng mga ito ang antas ng tropikal na bagyo na may 10-minutong tuloy-tuloy na hangin na hindi bababa sa 34 buhol (39 milya bawat oras; 63 km/o).&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot; /&gt; Ang mga pangalang ito ay ginagamit sunod-sunod nang walang pakialam sa taon, at hinango mula sa limang talaan ng mga pangalan na inihanda ng ESCAP/WMO ''Typhoon Committee'' &lt;u&gt;(Komite ng Bagyo)&lt;/u&gt;, matapos magsumite ang bawat isa sa 14 na kasaping bansa ng tig-10 pangalan noong 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot; /&gt; Itinakda ang pagkakasunud-sunod ng paggamit ng mga pangalan batay sa alpabetikong pagkakasunod ng Ingles na pangalan ng mga kasapi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot; /&gt; Maaaring hilingin ng mga kasapi ng komite ang pag-aalis o pagpapalit ng pangalan ng isang bagyo kung ito ay nagdulot ng malawakang pinsala o iba pang dahilan gaya ng dami ng nasawi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot; /&gt;{{clear}}&lt;div style=&quot;overflow-x: auto;&quot;&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%&quot;
|+'''Talaan ng mga pangalan ng bagyo sa Kanlurang Pasipiko'''
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Tala
! colspan=&quot;14&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Mga rehiyon/bansang nag-ambag
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Cambodia}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|China}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|North Korea}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Hong Kong}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Japan}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Laos}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Macau}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Malaysia}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Micronesia}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Philippines}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|South Korea}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Thailand}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|United States}}
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |{{flag|Vietnam}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |1
|Damrey
|Tianma
|Kirogi
|Yun-yeung
|Koinu
|Bolaven
|Sanba
|Jelawat
|Ewiniar{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Ewiniar ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release|date=February 21, 2025 |title=Typhoon Committee is a showcase for regional collaboration |url=https://wmo.int/media/news/typhoon-committee-showcase-regional-collaboration |access-date=Pebrero 26, 2025 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |archive-date=Pebrero 21, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221182058/https://wmo.int/media/news/typhoon-committee-showcase-regional-collaboration |url-status=live|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Maliksi
|Gaemi
|Prapiroon
|Maria
|Son-Tinh
|-
|Ampil
|Wukong
|Jongdari
|Shanshan
|Yagi{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Yagi ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Leepi
|Bebinca
|Pulasan
|Soulik
|Cimaron
|Jebi{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Jebi ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]]..&lt;ref name=&quot;Western North Pacific and the South China Sea Names&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://wmo.int/content/tropical-cyclone-naming/western-north-pacific-and-south-china-sea-names|title=Western North Pacific and the South China Sea Names|date=Nobyembre 29, 2023 |publisher=[[World Meteorological Organization]] |accessdate=Marso 13, 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Krathon{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Krathon ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Barijat
|Trami{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Trami ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |2
|Kong-rey{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Kong-rey ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Yinxing
|Toraji{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Toraji ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Man-yi{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Man-yi ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Usagi{{#tag:ref|Ang pangalang Usagi ay pinawalang-gamit matapos ang [[panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024]].&lt;ref name=&quot;2025 Retirees&quot;/&gt;|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
|Pabuk
|Wutip
|Sepat
|Mun
|Danas
|Nari
|Wipha
|Francisco
|Co-may
|-
|Krosa
|Bailu
|Podul
|Lingling
|Kajiki
|Nongfa
|Peipah
|Tapah
|Mitag
|Ragasa
|Neoguri
|Bualoi
|Matmo
|Halong
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |3
|Nakri
|Fengshen
|Kalmaegi
|Fung-wong
|Koto
|Nokaen
|Penha
|Nuri
|Sinlaku
|Hagupit
|Jangmi
|Mekkhala
|Higos
|Bavi
|-
|Maysak
|Haishen
|Noul
|Dolphin
|Kujira
|Chan-hom
|Peilou
|Nangka
|Saudel
|Narra
|Gaenari
|Atsani
|Etau
|Bang-Lang
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |4
|Krovanh
|Dujuan
|Surigae
|Choi-wan
|Koguma
|Champi
|In-fa
|Cempaka
|Nepartak
|Lupit
|Mirinae
|Nida
|Omais
|Luc-Binh
|-
|Chanthu
|Dianmu
|Mindulle
|Lionrock
|Tokei
|Namtheun
|Malou
|Nyatoh
|Sarbul
|Amuyag
|Gosari
|Chaba
|Aere
|Songda
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |5
|Trases
|Mulan
|Meari
|Tsing-ma
|Tokage
|Ong-mang
|Muifa
|Merbok
|Nanmadol
|Talas
|Hodu
|Kulap
|Roke
|Sonca
|-
|Nesat
|Haitang
|Jamjari
|Banyan
|Yamaneko
|Pakhar
|Sanvu
|Mawar
|Guchol
|Talim
|Bori
|Khanun
|Lan
|Saobien
|-
! colspan=&quot;20&quot; |Mga sanggunian:&lt;ref name=&quot;WPAC TCOP&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JMA Names&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2024 |title=List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (valid as of 2024): Names of tropical cyclones |url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226151925/https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html |archive-date=February 26, 2025 |access-date=September 4, 2015 |publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
&lt;/div&gt;{{Clear}}

=== Pilipinas ===
{{See also|Talaan ng mga bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
[[Talaksan:Ragasa_2025-09-22_0000Z.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ang Bagyong Nando sa pinakamalakas nitong antas habang papalapit sa [[Kapuluang Babuyan]] noong Setyembre 2025.|193x193px]]

Mula pa noong 1963, ang PAGASA ay may sariling sistema ng pagpapangalan sa mga tropikal na bagyo na nagaganap sa loob ng itinakda nitong Itinakdang Saklaw ng Pilipinas ([[Philippine Area of Responsibility|''Philippine Area of Responsibility'']] o PAR).&lt;ref name=&quot;GMA2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=September 27, 2011 |title=Why and how storms get their names |publisher=GMA News |url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/233580/news/nation/why-and-how-storms-get-their-names |url-status=live |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201081827/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/233580/news/nation/why-and-how-storms-get-their-names |archive-date=December 1, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Philippine Tropical Cyclone Names |url=http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/philippine-tropical-cyclone-names |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130084249/http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/philippine-tropical-cyclone-names |archive-date=January 30, 2021 |access-date=May 6, 2023 |publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga pangalan ay hinango mula sa apat na magkakaibang talaan na binubuo ng tig-25 pangalan, at ibinibigay kapag ang isang sistema ay pumasok o nabuo bilang tropikal na depresyon sa loob ng saklaw ng PAGASA.&lt;ref name=&quot;GMA2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot; /&gt; 

Ang apat na talaan ng mga pangalan ay ginagamit nang paikot tuwing apat na taon, at ang mga pangalan ng malalaking tropikal na bagyo ay inaalis sa talaan kung ang mga ito ay nagdulot ng hindi bababa sa Padron:Ntsp na pinsala at/o hindi bababa sa 300 kataong nasawi sa loob ng Pilipinas.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Lando&quot;&gt;{{Cite press release|title=PAGASA replaces Tropical Cyclone &quot;Lando&quot; to &quot;Liwayway&quot;|access-date=November 4, 2015|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|url=https://web.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/92-press-release/682-pagasa-replaces-names-of-2014-destructive-typhoons|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114220225/https://web.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/92-press-release/682-pagasa-replaces-names-of-2014-destructive-typhoons|archive-date=November 14, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga kapalit na pangalan para sa mga pinawalang-gamit ay kinukuha mula sa talaan ng mga nakalaang pangalan ng ahensya.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot; /&gt; Kung maubos naman ang talaan ng mga pangalan sa loob ng isang taon, ang mga pangalan ay kinukuha mula sa karagdagang talaan (''auxiliary list''), kung saan ang unang sampu ay inaanunsyo taun-taon.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;overflow-x: auto;&quot;&gt;

{{clear}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas|Talaan ng mga pangalan ng bagyo sa rehiyon ng Pilipinas]]
! colspan=&quot;14&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[
Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026|2026]] (Pangkat I)
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Pangunahin
|[[Bagyong Ada|Ada]]
|[[Bagyong Basyang|Basyang]]
|[[Bagyong Caloy|Caloy]]
|[[Bagyong Domeng|Domeng]]
|[[Bagyong Ester|Ester]]
|[[Bagyong Francisco|Francisco]]
|[[Bagyong Gardo (paglilinaw)|Gardo]]
|[[Bagyong Henry|Henry]]
|[[Bagyong Inday (paglilinaw)|Inday]]
|[[Bagyong Josie (paglilinaw)|Josie]]
|[[Bagyong Kiyapo|Kiyapo]]
|[[Bagyong Luis|Luis]]
|[[Bagyong Maymay|Maymay]]
|-
|[[Bagyong Neneng|Neneng]]
|[[Bagyong Obet|Obet]]
|[[Bagyong Pilandok|Pilandok]]
|[[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]
|[[Bagyong Rosal|Rosal]]
|[[Bagyong Samuel|Samuel]]
|[[Bagyong Tomas|Tomas]]
|Umberto
|Venus
|Waldo
|[[Bagyong Yayang|Yayang]]
|Zeny
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Karagdagan
|Agila
|Bagwis
|Chito
|Diego
|Elena
|Felino
|Gunding
|Harriet
|Indang
|Jessa
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;14&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |2027 (Pangkat II)
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Pangunahin
|[[Bagyong Amang|Amang]]
|[[Bagyong Betty|Betty]]
|[[Bagyong Chedeng|Chedeng]]
|[[Bagyong Dodong (paglilinaw)|Dodong]]
|Emil
|[[Bagyong Falcon (paglilinaw)|Falcon]]
|Gavino
|[[Bagyong Hanna|Hanna]]
|[[Bagyong Ineng|Ineng]]
|[[Bagyong Jenny|Jenny]]
|[[Bagyong Kabayan (paglilinaw)|Kabayan]]
|[[Bagyong Liwayway (paglilinaw)|Liwayway]]
|[[Bagyong Marilyn|Marilyn]]
|-
|[[Bagyong Nimfa (paglilinaw)|Nimfa]]
|[[Bagyong Onyok|Onyok]]
|[[Bagyong Perla (paglilinaw)|Perla]]
|[[Bagyong Quiel|Quiel]]
|[[Bagyong Ramon|Ramon]]
|[[Bagyong Sarah (paglilinaw)|Sarah]]
|Tamaraw
|Ugong
|[[Bagyong Viring|Viring]]
|[[Bagyong Weng|Weng]]
|[[Bagyong Yoyoy|Yoyoy]]
|[[Bagyong Zigzag|Zigzag]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Karagdagan
|Abe
|Berto
|Charo
|Dado
|Estoy
|Felion
|Gening
|Herman
|Irma
|Jaime
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;14&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |2028 (Pangkat III)
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Pangunahin
|Amuyao
|[[Bagyong Butchoy|Butchoy]]
|[[Bagyong Carina (paglilinaw)|Carina]]
|[[Bagyong Dindo|Dindo]]
|Edring
|[[Bagyong Ferdie|Ferdie]]
|[[Bagyong Gener (paglilinaw)|Gener]]
|[[Bagyong Helen (paglilinaw)|Helen]]
|[[Bagyong Igme (paglilinaw)|Igme]]
|Josefa
|Kidul
|Lekep
|[[Bagyong Marce|Marce]]
|-
|Nanolay
|Onos
|Puwok
|[[Bagyong Querubin|Querubin]]
|[[Bagyong Romina|Romina]]
|[[Bagyong Siony|Siony]]
|[[Bagyong Tonyo (paglilinaw)|Tonyo]]
|Upang
|[[Bagyong Vicky (paglilinaw)|Vicky]]
|Warren
|[[Bagyong Yoyong|Yoyong]]
|[[Bagyong Zosimo|Zosimo]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Karagdagan
|Alakdan
|Baldo
|Clara
|Dencio
|Estong
|Felipe
|Gomer
|Heling
|Ismael
|Julio
|
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;14&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | 2029 (Pangkat IV)
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Pangunahin
|[[Bagyong Auring|Auring]]
|[[Bagyong Bising|Bising]]
|Chico
|[[Bagyong Dante|Dante]]
|Elias
|[[Bagyong Fabian|Fabian]]
|[[Bagyong Gorio|Gorio]]
|[[Bagyong Huaning|Huaning]]
|[[Bagyong Isang|Isang]]
|[[Bagyong Jacinto|Jacinto]]
|[[Bagyong Kiko|Kiko]]
|[[Bagyong Lannie|Lannie]]
|Magyawan
|-
|Nilad
|Omar
|[[Bagyong Paolo|Paolo]]
|[[Bagyong Quedan|Quedan]]
|[[Bagyong Ramil|Ramil]]
|[[Bagyong Salome|Salome]]
|Tala
|Urbano
|[[Bagyong Verbena|Verbena]]
|[[Bagyong Wilma|Wilma]]
|Yasmin
|[[Bagyong Zoraida|Zoraida]]
|
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |Karagdagan
|Alamid
|Bruno
|Conching
|Dolor
|Ernie
|Florante
|Gerardo
|Hernan
|Isko
|Jerome
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;20&quot; |Mga sanggunian:&lt;ref name=&quot;PAGASA Names&quot; /&gt;
|}
&lt;/div&gt;{{Clear}}

===Mga bagong isasalang na mga pangalan ng bagyo sa Pilipinas===
{{div col start}}
* {{tcname unused|Amuyao}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Chico}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Edring}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Emil}} (2027)
* {{tcname unused|Elias}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Gavino}} (2027)
* {{tcname unused|Josefa}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Kidul}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Lekep}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Magyawan}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Nanolay}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Nilad}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Onos}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Omar}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Puwok}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Tala}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Tamaraw}} (2027)
* {{tcname unused|Ugong}} (2027)
* {{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Umberto|Umberto]]}} (2026)
* {{tcname unused|Upang}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|Urbano}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Venus}} (2026)
* {{tcname unused|Waldo}} (2026)
* {{tcname unused|Warren}} (2028)
* {{tcname unused|[[Bagyong Yasmin|Yasmin]]}} (2029)
* {{tcname unused|Zeny}} (2026)
{{div col end}}

==Mga tanda==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

==Mga sanggunian==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Tala ng mga bagyo]]</text>
      <sha1>cyk8ix1r6352kxmxz7zc0yh6j6l7qxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336328</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241110</id>
      <parentid>2240278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:18:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* 32. Bagyong Cempaka */</comment>
      <origin>2241110</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16640" sha1="49nsiqilw8qv9va8ngrl6yz16ia7mt0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hurricane season
| Track = 2026 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
| Basin = WPac
| Year = 2026
| First storm formed = Enero 13, 2026
| Last storm dissipated = Nagaganap
| Strongest storm name = Sinlaku
| Strongest storm winds = 115
| Strongest storm pressure = 905
| Average wind speed = 10
| Total depressions = 8
| Total storms = 6
| Total hurricanes = 1
| Total super = 1 total
| Fatalities = 31 total
| Damages = 483
| five seasons = [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024|2024]], [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2025|2025]], '''2026''', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2027|2027]]'', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2028|2028]]''
| Atlantic season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Atlantiko ng 2026
| East Pacific season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Silangang Pasipiko ng 2026
| North Indian season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Hilagang India ng 2026
}}

Ang '''Panahon ng bagyo sa pasipiko ng 2026''' ay isang paparating na kaganapan taunang siklo ng bagyong pagbubuo sa kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko. Ang yugto ay tatakbo sa buong 2026, kahit na ang karamihan sa mga tropikal na bagyo ay karaniwang nagkakaroon sa pagitan ng Mayo at Oktubre. 

Ang saklaw ng akdang ito ay may-hanggan sa Karagatang Pasipiko sa hilaga ng ekwador sa pagitan ng 100°E at ika-180 meridian. Sa loob ng hilagang-kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko, mayroong dalawang magkahiwalay na ahensya na nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga tropikal na bagyo na kadalasang maaring humantong sa isang bagyo na may dalawang pangalan. Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA

==Pangalan sa mga bagyo==
Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA. Ang mga tropikal na depresyon na sinusubaybayan ng United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) ay binibigyan ng numerong may &quot;W&quot; na suffix; W ibig sabihin kanluran, isang sanggunian sa kanlurang rehiyon ng Pasipiko.

{{clear}}

==Mga sistema==
; Nasa loob ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas
====1. Bagyong Ada (''Nokaen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Enero 13
| Dissipated = Enero 22
| image = Nokaen 2026-01-17 0635Z.jpg
| track = Nokaen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====2. Bagyong Basyang (''Penha'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Basyang (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Pebrero 3
| Dissipated = Pebrero 7
| image = Penha 2026-02-05 0441Z.jpg
| track = Penha 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 1000
}}
{{clear}}

====5. Bagyong Caloy (''Hagupit'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 5
| Dissipated = Mayo 15
| image = Hagupit 2026-05-08 0015Z.jpg
| track = Hagupit 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====6. Bagyong Domeng (''Jangmi'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Domeng (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 26
| Dissipated = Hunyo 3
| image = JMA TD 08 2026-05-26 0428Z.jpg
| track = Jangmi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 60
| 1-min winds = 70
| Pressure = 975
}}
{{clear}}

====7. Tropikal Depresyon Ester====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 3
| Dissipated = Hunyo 6
| image = JMA TD 09 06-03-2026.jpg
| track = Ester 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 30
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====8. Bagyong Francisco (''Mekkhala'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Francisco (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 18
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Mekkhala 2026-06-22 0250Z.png
| track = JMA TD 11 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 125
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====9. Bagyong Gardo (''Higos'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 22
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Higos 2026-06-25 0615Z.jpg
| track = Higos 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====10. Super Bagyong Inday (''Bavi'')====
{{See also|Super Bagyong Inday}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 15
| image = BAVI H9RGB 2026-07-04 0320z cropped.png
| track = Bavi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 117
| 1-min winds = 140
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====11. Bagyong Henry (''Maysak'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Henry (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 7
| image = Maysak 2026-07-03 0040Z.png
| track = Maysak 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====12. Bagyong Josie (''Haishen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 12
| Dissipated = Hulyo 14
| image = Haishen 2026-07-13 0430Z.jpg
| track = Haishen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====13. Bagyong Kiyapo (''Noul'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 22
| Dissipated = Hulyo 27
| image = Noul 2026-07-24 0230Z.png
| track = Noul 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 75
| 1-min winds = 85
| Pressure = 960
}}
{{clear}}

====15. Bagyong Luis–Maymay (''Kujira'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Luis–Maymay}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 31
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Kujira 2026-08-05 0200Z.jpg
| track = Kujira 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====19. Bagyong Neneng (''Gaenari'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 18
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Neneng 2026-08-19 0440Z.jpg
| track = Gaenari 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = &lt;
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====21. Super Bagyong Obet (''Saudel'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Obet (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 15
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Saudel 2026-08-22 2252Z.jpg
| track = Saudel 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 89
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====25. Bagyong Pilandok (''Krovanh'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 29
| Dissipated = Setyembre 8
| image = Pilandok 2026-08-29 2350Z.jpg
| track = Krovanh 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = 
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}

====27. Bagyong Queenie (''Surigae'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Queenie (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 21
| Dissipated = Oktubre 1
| image = Surigae 2026-09-27 1635Z.jpg
| track = Surigae 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 130
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====30. Super Bagyong Rosal (''Champi'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 11
| Dissipated =Oktubre 25
| image = Champi 2026-10-17 2302Z.png
| track = Champi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 145
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====32. Bagyong Cempaka====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Nobyembre 5
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Cempaka 2026-11-06 2255Z.jpg
| track = Cempaka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 70
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 970
}}
{{clear}}

=====Mga bagyo sa bawat buwan ng 2026=====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
| '''[[Buwan (panahon)|Buwan]]'''
| {{center|'''[[Bagyo sa Pilipinas|Bagyo]]'''}}
|-
| Enero || Ada
|-
| Pebrero  || Basyang
|-===
| Marso || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;center&gt;{{grey|N/A}}&lt;/center&gt;
|-
| Abril  
|-
| Mayo || Caloy, Domeng
|-
| Hunyo || Ester, Francisco, Gardo
|-
| Hulyo || Henry, Inday, Josie, Kiyapo
|-
| Agosto || Luis-Maymay, Neneng, Obet, Pilandok
|-
| Setyembre || Queenie
|-
| Oktubre || Rosal
|-
| Nobyembre || Samuel, {{grey|Tomas}}
|-
| Disyembre || {{grey|Umberto}}, {{grey|Venus}}
|}

===Nasa labas ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas===
====3. Bagyong Nuri====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Marso 10
| Dissipated = Marso 13
| image = Nuri 2026-03-11 0404Z.jpg
| track = Nuri 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====4. Bagyong Sinlaku====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Abril 8
| Dissipated = Abril 20
| image = Sinlaku 2026-04-12 1547Z.jpg
| track = Sinlaku 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 115
| 1-min winds = 160
| Pressure = 905
}}
{{clear}}

====14. Super Bagyong Dolphin====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 26
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dolphin 2026-07-29 1920Z.jpg
| track = Dolphin 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 110
| 1-min winds = 150
| Pressure = 910
}}
{{clear}}

====16. Bagyong Chan-hom====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 5
| Dissipated = Agosto 15
| image = Chan-hom 2026-08-11 0350Z.jpg
| track = Chan-hom 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 980
}} 
{{clear}}

====17. Bagyong Peilou====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 8{{refn|The JTWC recognises this system as a regeneration of Kujira, therefore it also has the same designation as Kujira.|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
| Dissipated = Agosto 13
| image = Peilou 2026-08-10 0320Z.jpg
| track = Peilou 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 992
}}
{{clear}}

====18. Bagyong Nangka====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 11 
| Dissipated = Agosto 16
| image = Nangka 2026-08-13 0310Z.jpg
| track = Nangka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====20. Bagyong Narra====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 17
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Narra 2026-08-22 0835Z.jpg
| track = Narra 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====22. Bagyong Atsani====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 22
| Dissipated = Agosto 26
| image = Atsani 2026-08-24 0633Z.jpg
| track = Atsani 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====23. Bagyong Bang-Lang====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 25
| Dissipated = Agosto 31
| image = Bang-Lang 2026-08-29 0200Z.jpg
| track = Bang-Lang 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 65
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====24. Bagyong Etau====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 26
| Dissipated = Agosto 30
| image = Etau 2026-08-28 0150Z.jpg
| track = Etau 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}
====25. Bagyong Dujuan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 13
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dujuan 2026-09-18 0600Z.jpg
| track = Dujuan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 65
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====28. Bagyong Choi-wan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 27
| Dissipated = Oktubre 7
| image = Choi-wan 2026-10-04 1600Z.jpg
| track = Choi-wan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 140
| pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====29. Bagyong Koguma====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 3
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Koguma 2026-10-06 2220Z.png
| track = Koguma 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 55
| 1-min winds = 60
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====Bagyong Nolo====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 4 ([[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026#Hurricane Nolo|entered basin]])
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Nolo 2026-10-05 0341Z.png
| track = Nolo 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 110
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====31. Bagyong In-fa====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 22
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = In-fa 2026-10-26 0520Z.jpg
| track = In-fa 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

==Pangalan ng mga bagyo==
===Internasyonal===
Ang mga pangalan ng mga internasyonal (daigdig) na bagyo ay ipinapangalan ng mga bansang [[Hapon]] (JMA) at [[Estados Unidos]] (JTCW) sa Kanlurang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] kung ang iba rito ay pumasok sa Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) ay bibigyan ng pangalan na lokal ng PAGASA na nakahanay sa alpabeto.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Nokaen (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Penha]] (2602)
* Nuri (2603)
* Sinlaku (2604)
* Hagupit (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Jangmi]] (2606)
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Mekkhala]] (2607)
* Higos (2608)
|
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Bavi]] (2609)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Maysak]] (2610)
* Haishen (2611)
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Noul]] (2612)
* Dolphin (2613)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Kujira]] (2614)
* Chan-hom (2615)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Peilou]] (2616)
|
* Nangka (2617)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Saudel]] (2618)
* Narra (2619)
* Gaenari (2620)
* Atsani (2621)
* Etau (2622)
* Bang-Lang (2623)
* Krovanh (2624)
* Dujuan (2625)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Surigae (2626)]]
* Choi-wan (2627)
|
* Koguma (2628)
* Champi (2630)
* {{tcname active|In-fa (2631)}}
* {{tcname unused|Cempaka}}
* {{tcname unused|Nepartak}}
* {{tcname unused|Lupit}}
* {{tcname unused|Mirinae}}
* {{tcname unused|Nida}}
* {{tcname unused|Omais}}
|
&lt;!--Add once In-fa is used
* {{tcname unused|Luc-binh}}
* {{tcname unused|Chanthu}}
* {{tcname unused|Dianmu}}
* {{tcname unused|Mindulle}}--&gt;
|}

===Pilipinas===
{{See also|Talaan ng mga rinetirong pangalan bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
Ngayong panahon, gagamit ang [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko|PAGASA]] ng sarili nitong pamamaraan ng pagbibigay ng pangalan para sa mga bagyong bubuo sa o papasok sa kanilang tinukoy sa sariling [[Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas|sakop na responsibilidad]]. Sa panahon na ito, ginagamit ng PAGASA ang sumusunod na listahan ng mga pangalan, na huling ginamit noong [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2022|2022]] at muling gagamitin noong 2030, na na-update na may mga pagpapalit ng mga retiradong pangalan, kung mayroon man. Ang lahat ng mga pangalan ay pareho noong 2022 maliban kay ''Ada'', ''Francisco'', ''Kiyapo'' at ''Pilandok'', na pinalitan ang mga pangalang ''[[Bagyong Agaton|Agaton]]'', ''[[Bagyong Florita (2022)|Florita]]'', ''[[Bagyong Karding|Karding]]'' at ''[[Bagyong Paeng|Paeng]]'' pagkatapos nilang magretiro. Lahat ng tatlong bagong pangalan ay ginamit sa unang pagkakataon ngayon ng panahon.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Ada (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Basyang]] (2602)
* Caloy (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Domeng]] (2606)
* Ester
|
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Francisco]] (2607)
* Gardo (2608)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Henry]] (2610)
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Inday]] (2609)
* Josie (2611)
|
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Kiyapo]] (2612)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Luis]] (2614)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Maymay]] (2614)
* Neneng (2620)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Obet]] (2618)
|
* Pilandok (2624)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Queenie]] (2626)
* Rosal (2630)
* {{tcname unused|Samuel}}
* {{tcname unused|Tomas}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Umberto}}
* {{tcname unused|Venus}}
* {{tcname unused|Waldo}}
* {{tcname unused|Yayang}}
* {{tcname unused|Zeny}}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Auxiliary list'''&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:90%;&quot;
|
* {{tcname unused|Agila}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagwis}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Chito}}
* {{tcname unused|Diego}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Elena}}
* {{tcname unused|Felino}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Gunding}}
* {{tcname unused|Harriet}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Indang}}
* {{tcname unused|Jessa}}
|}
{{clear}}

==Mga sanggunian==

[[Kategorya:Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>49nsiqilw8qv9va8ngrl6yz16ia7mt0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241112</id>
      <parentid>2241110</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:18:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* 32. Bagyong Cempaka */</comment>
      <origin>2241112</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16653" sha1="160705b80qi03vftujsgv2zq239heos" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hurricane season
| Track = 2026 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
| Basin = WPac
| Year = 2026
| First storm formed = Enero 13, 2026
| Last storm dissipated = Nagaganap
| Strongest storm name = Sinlaku
| Strongest storm winds = 115
| Strongest storm pressure = 905
| Average wind speed = 10
| Total depressions = 8
| Total storms = 6
| Total hurricanes = 1
| Total super = 1 total
| Fatalities = 31 total
| Damages = 483
| five seasons = [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024|2024]], [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2025|2025]], '''2026''', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2027|2027]]'', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2028|2028]]''
| Atlantic season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Atlantiko ng 2026
| East Pacific season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Silangang Pasipiko ng 2026
| North Indian season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Hilagang India ng 2026
}}

Ang '''Panahon ng bagyo sa pasipiko ng 2026''' ay isang paparating na kaganapan taunang siklo ng bagyong pagbubuo sa kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko. Ang yugto ay tatakbo sa buong 2026, kahit na ang karamihan sa mga tropikal na bagyo ay karaniwang nagkakaroon sa pagitan ng Mayo at Oktubre. 

Ang saklaw ng akdang ito ay may-hanggan sa Karagatang Pasipiko sa hilaga ng ekwador sa pagitan ng 100°E at ika-180 meridian. Sa loob ng hilagang-kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko, mayroong dalawang magkahiwalay na ahensya na nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga tropikal na bagyo na kadalasang maaring humantong sa isang bagyo na may dalawang pangalan. Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA

==Pangalan sa mga bagyo==
Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA. Ang mga tropikal na depresyon na sinusubaybayan ng United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) ay binibigyan ng numerong may &quot;W&quot; na suffix; W ibig sabihin kanluran, isang sanggunian sa kanlurang rehiyon ng Pasipiko.

{{clear}}

==Mga sistema==
; Nasa loob ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas
====1. Bagyong Ada (''Nokaen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Enero 13
| Dissipated = Enero 22
| image = Nokaen 2026-01-17 0635Z.jpg
| track = Nokaen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====2. Bagyong Basyang (''Penha'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Basyang (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Pebrero 3
| Dissipated = Pebrero 7
| image = Penha 2026-02-05 0441Z.jpg
| track = Penha 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 1000
}}
{{clear}}

====5. Bagyong Caloy (''Hagupit'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 5
| Dissipated = Mayo 15
| image = Hagupit 2026-05-08 0015Z.jpg
| track = Hagupit 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====6. Bagyong Domeng (''Jangmi'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Domeng (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 26
| Dissipated = Hunyo 3
| image = JMA TD 08 2026-05-26 0428Z.jpg
| track = Jangmi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 60
| 1-min winds = 70
| Pressure = 975
}}
{{clear}}

====7. Tropikal Depresyon Ester====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 3
| Dissipated = Hunyo 6
| image = JMA TD 09 06-03-2026.jpg
| track = Ester 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 30
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====8. Bagyong Francisco (''Mekkhala'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Francisco (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 18
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Mekkhala 2026-06-22 0250Z.png
| track = JMA TD 11 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 125
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====9. Bagyong Gardo (''Higos'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 22
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Higos 2026-06-25 0615Z.jpg
| track = Higos 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====10. Super Bagyong Inday (''Bavi'')====
{{See also|Super Bagyong Inday}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 15
| image = BAVI H9RGB 2026-07-04 0320z cropped.png
| track = Bavi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 117
| 1-min winds = 140
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====11. Bagyong Henry (''Maysak'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Henry (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 7
| image = Maysak 2026-07-03 0040Z.png
| track = Maysak 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====12. Bagyong Josie (''Haishen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 12
| Dissipated = Hulyo 14
| image = Haishen 2026-07-13 0430Z.jpg
| track = Haishen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====13. Bagyong Kiyapo (''Noul'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 22
| Dissipated = Hulyo 27
| image = Noul 2026-07-24 0230Z.png
| track = Noul 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 75
| 1-min winds = 85
| Pressure = 960
}}
{{clear}}

====15. Bagyong Luis–Maymay (''Kujira'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Luis–Maymay}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 31
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Kujira 2026-08-05 0200Z.jpg
| track = Kujira 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====19. Bagyong Neneng (''Gaenari'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 18
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Neneng 2026-08-19 0440Z.jpg
| track = Gaenari 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = &lt;
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====21. Super Bagyong Obet (''Saudel'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Obet (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 15
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Saudel 2026-08-22 2252Z.jpg
| track = Saudel 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 89
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====25. Bagyong Pilandok (''Krovanh'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 29
| Dissipated = Setyembre 8
| image = Pilandok 2026-08-29 2350Z.jpg
| track = Krovanh 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = 
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}

====27. Bagyong Queenie (''Surigae'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Queenie (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 21
| Dissipated = Oktubre 1
| image = Surigae 2026-09-27 1635Z.jpg
| track = Surigae 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 130
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====30. Super Bagyong Rosal (''Champi'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 11
| Dissipated =Oktubre 25
| image = Champi 2026-10-17 2302Z.png
| track = Champi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 145
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====32. Bagyong Samuel (''Cempaka'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Nobyembre 5
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Cempaka 2026-11-06 2255Z.jpg
| track = Cempaka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 70
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 970
}}
{{clear}}

=====Mga bagyo sa bawat buwan ng 2026=====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
| '''[[Buwan (panahon)|Buwan]]'''
| {{center|'''[[Bagyo sa Pilipinas|Bagyo]]'''}}
|-
| Enero || Ada
|-
| Pebrero  || Basyang
|-===
| Marso || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;center&gt;{{grey|N/A}}&lt;/center&gt;
|-
| Abril  
|-
| Mayo || Caloy, Domeng
|-
| Hunyo || Ester, Francisco, Gardo
|-
| Hulyo || Henry, Inday, Josie, Kiyapo
|-
| Agosto || Luis-Maymay, Neneng, Obet, Pilandok
|-
| Setyembre || Queenie
|-
| Oktubre || Rosal
|-
| Nobyembre || Samuel, {{grey|Tomas}}
|-
| Disyembre || {{grey|Umberto}}, {{grey|Venus}}
|}

===Nasa labas ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas===
====3. Bagyong Nuri====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Marso 10
| Dissipated = Marso 13
| image = Nuri 2026-03-11 0404Z.jpg
| track = Nuri 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====4. Bagyong Sinlaku====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Abril 8
| Dissipated = Abril 20
| image = Sinlaku 2026-04-12 1547Z.jpg
| track = Sinlaku 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 115
| 1-min winds = 160
| Pressure = 905
}}
{{clear}}

====14. Super Bagyong Dolphin====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 26
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dolphin 2026-07-29 1920Z.jpg
| track = Dolphin 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 110
| 1-min winds = 150
| Pressure = 910
}}
{{clear}}

====16. Bagyong Chan-hom====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 5
| Dissipated = Agosto 15
| image = Chan-hom 2026-08-11 0350Z.jpg
| track = Chan-hom 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 980
}} 
{{clear}}

====17. Bagyong Peilou====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 8{{refn|The JTWC recognises this system as a regeneration of Kujira, therefore it also has the same designation as Kujira.|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
| Dissipated = Agosto 13
| image = Peilou 2026-08-10 0320Z.jpg
| track = Peilou 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 992
}}
{{clear}}

====18. Bagyong Nangka====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 11 
| Dissipated = Agosto 16
| image = Nangka 2026-08-13 0310Z.jpg
| track = Nangka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====20. Bagyong Narra====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 17
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Narra 2026-08-22 0835Z.jpg
| track = Narra 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====22. Bagyong Atsani====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 22
| Dissipated = Agosto 26
| image = Atsani 2026-08-24 0633Z.jpg
| track = Atsani 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====23. Bagyong Bang-Lang====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 25
| Dissipated = Agosto 31
| image = Bang-Lang 2026-08-29 0200Z.jpg
| track = Bang-Lang 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 65
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====24. Bagyong Etau====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 26
| Dissipated = Agosto 30
| image = Etau 2026-08-28 0150Z.jpg
| track = Etau 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}
====25. Bagyong Dujuan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 13
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dujuan 2026-09-18 0600Z.jpg
| track = Dujuan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 65
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====28. Bagyong Choi-wan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 27
| Dissipated = Oktubre 7
| image = Choi-wan 2026-10-04 1600Z.jpg
| track = Choi-wan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 140
| pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====29. Bagyong Koguma====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 3
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Koguma 2026-10-06 2220Z.png
| track = Koguma 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 55
| 1-min winds = 60
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====Bagyong Nolo====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 4 ([[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026#Hurricane Nolo|entered basin]])
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Nolo 2026-10-05 0341Z.png
| track = Nolo 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 110
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====31. Bagyong In-fa====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 22
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = In-fa 2026-10-26 0520Z.jpg
| track = In-fa 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

==Pangalan ng mga bagyo==
===Internasyonal===
Ang mga pangalan ng mga internasyonal (daigdig) na bagyo ay ipinapangalan ng mga bansang [[Hapon]] (JMA) at [[Estados Unidos]] (JTCW) sa Kanlurang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] kung ang iba rito ay pumasok sa Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) ay bibigyan ng pangalan na lokal ng PAGASA na nakahanay sa alpabeto.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Nokaen (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Penha]] (2602)
* Nuri (2603)
* Sinlaku (2604)
* Hagupit (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Jangmi]] (2606)
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Mekkhala]] (2607)
* Higos (2608)
|
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Bavi]] (2609)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Maysak]] (2610)
* Haishen (2611)
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Noul]] (2612)
* Dolphin (2613)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Kujira]] (2614)
* Chan-hom (2615)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Peilou]] (2616)
|
* Nangka (2617)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Saudel]] (2618)
* Narra (2619)
* Gaenari (2620)
* Atsani (2621)
* Etau (2622)
* Bang-Lang (2623)
* Krovanh (2624)
* Dujuan (2625)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Surigae (2626)]]
* Choi-wan (2627)
|
* Koguma (2628)
* Champi (2630)
* {{tcname active|In-fa (2631)}}
* {{tcname unused|Cempaka}}
* {{tcname unused|Nepartak}}
* {{tcname unused|Lupit}}
* {{tcname unused|Mirinae}}
* {{tcname unused|Nida}}
* {{tcname unused|Omais}}
|
&lt;!--Add once In-fa is used
* {{tcname unused|Luc-binh}}
* {{tcname unused|Chanthu}}
* {{tcname unused|Dianmu}}
* {{tcname unused|Mindulle}}--&gt;
|}

===Pilipinas===
{{See also|Talaan ng mga rinetirong pangalan bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
Ngayong panahon, gagamit ang [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko|PAGASA]] ng sarili nitong pamamaraan ng pagbibigay ng pangalan para sa mga bagyong bubuo sa o papasok sa kanilang tinukoy sa sariling [[Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas|sakop na responsibilidad]]. Sa panahon na ito, ginagamit ng PAGASA ang sumusunod na listahan ng mga pangalan, na huling ginamit noong [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2022|2022]] at muling gagamitin noong 2030, na na-update na may mga pagpapalit ng mga retiradong pangalan, kung mayroon man. Ang lahat ng mga pangalan ay pareho noong 2022 maliban kay ''Ada'', ''Francisco'', ''Kiyapo'' at ''Pilandok'', na pinalitan ang mga pangalang ''[[Bagyong Agaton|Agaton]]'', ''[[Bagyong Florita (2022)|Florita]]'', ''[[Bagyong Karding|Karding]]'' at ''[[Bagyong Paeng|Paeng]]'' pagkatapos nilang magretiro. Lahat ng tatlong bagong pangalan ay ginamit sa unang pagkakataon ngayon ng panahon.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Ada (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Basyang]] (2602)
* Caloy (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Domeng]] (2606)
* Ester
|
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Francisco]] (2607)
* Gardo (2608)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Henry]] (2610)
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Inday]] (2609)
* Josie (2611)
|
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Kiyapo]] (2612)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Luis]] (2614)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Maymay]] (2614)
* Neneng (2620)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Obet]] (2618)
|
* Pilandok (2624)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Queenie]] (2626)
* Rosal (2630)
* {{tcname unused|Samuel}}
* {{tcname unused|Tomas}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Umberto}}
* {{tcname unused|Venus}}
* {{tcname unused|Waldo}}
* {{tcname unused|Yayang}}
* {{tcname unused|Zeny}}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Auxiliary list'''&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:90%;&quot;
|
* {{tcname unused|Agila}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagwis}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Chito}}
* {{tcname unused|Diego}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Elena}}
* {{tcname unused|Felino}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Gunding}}
* {{tcname unused|Harriet}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Indang}}
* {{tcname unused|Jessa}}
|}
{{clear}}

==Mga sanggunian==

[[Kategorya:Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>160705b80qi03vftujsgv2zq239heos</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241115</id>
      <parentid>2241112</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:19:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Pangalan ng mga bagyo */</comment>
      <origin>2241115</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="16649" sha1="3c9p71vl2ka9rziznibt0at1i4y58fw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox hurricane season
| Track = 2026 Pacific typhoon season summary.png
| Basin = WPac
| Year = 2026
| First storm formed = Enero 13, 2026
| Last storm dissipated = Nagaganap
| Strongest storm name = Sinlaku
| Strongest storm winds = 115
| Strongest storm pressure = 905
| Average wind speed = 10
| Total depressions = 8
| Total storms = 6
| Total hurricanes = 1
| Total super = 1 total
| Fatalities = 31 total
| Damages = 483
| five seasons = [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2024|2024]], [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2025|2025]], '''2026''', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2027|2027]]'', ''[[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2028|2028]]''
| Atlantic season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Atlantiko ng 2026
| East Pacific season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Silangang Pasipiko ng 2026
| North Indian season = Panahon ng bagyo sa Hilagang India ng 2026
}}

Ang '''Panahon ng bagyo sa pasipiko ng 2026''' ay isang paparating na kaganapan taunang siklo ng bagyong pagbubuo sa kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko. Ang yugto ay tatakbo sa buong 2026, kahit na ang karamihan sa mga tropikal na bagyo ay karaniwang nagkakaroon sa pagitan ng Mayo at Oktubre. 

Ang saklaw ng akdang ito ay may-hanggan sa Karagatang Pasipiko sa hilaga ng ekwador sa pagitan ng 100°E at ika-180 meridian. Sa loob ng hilagang-kanlurang Karagatang Pasipiko, mayroong dalawang magkahiwalay na ahensya na nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga tropikal na bagyo na kadalasang maaring humantong sa isang bagyo na may dalawang pangalan. Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA

==Pangalan sa mga bagyo==
Pangalanan ng Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) ang isang bagyo kung mayroon itong 10 minutong napapanatiling bilis ng hangin na hindi bababa sa 65 km/h (40 mph) saanman sa basin. Ang Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko o sa Ingles pa ay Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), ay nagtatalaga ng mga pangalan sa mga bagyo na lumilipat o nabubuo bilang isang tropikal depresyon sa Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas , kilala rin sa Ingles bilang Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR), na matatagpuan sa pagitan ng 135°E at 115°E at sa pagitan ng 5°N–25°N, hindi alintana kung ang isang tropical cyclone ay nabigyan na o hindi ng JMA. Ang mga tropikal na depresyon na sinusubaybayan ng United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) ay binibigyan ng numerong may &quot;W&quot; na suffix; W ibig sabihin kanluran, isang sanggunian sa kanlurang rehiyon ng Pasipiko.

{{clear}}

==Mga sistema==
; Nasa loob ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas
====1. Bagyong Ada (''Nokaen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Enero 13
| Dissipated = Enero 22
| image = Nokaen 2026-01-17 0635Z.jpg
| track = Nokaen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====2. Bagyong Basyang (''Penha'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Basyang (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Pebrero 3
| Dissipated = Pebrero 7
| image = Penha 2026-02-05 0441Z.jpg
| track = Penha 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 1000
}}
{{clear}}

====5. Bagyong Caloy (''Hagupit'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 5
| Dissipated = Mayo 15
| image = Hagupit 2026-05-08 0015Z.jpg
| track = Hagupit 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====6. Bagyong Domeng (''Jangmi'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Domeng (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Mayo 26
| Dissipated = Hunyo 3
| image = JMA TD 08 2026-05-26 0428Z.jpg
| track = Jangmi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 60
| 1-min winds = 70
| Pressure = 975
}}
{{clear}}

====7. Tropikal Depresyon Ester====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 3
| Dissipated = Hunyo 6
| image = JMA TD 09 06-03-2026.jpg
| track = Ester 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 30
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====8. Bagyong Francisco (''Mekkhala'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Francisco (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 18
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Mekkhala 2026-06-22 0250Z.png
| track = JMA TD 11 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 125
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====9. Bagyong Gardo (''Higos'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 22
| Dissipated = Hunyo 27
| image = Higos 2026-06-25 0615Z.jpg
| track = Higos 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====10. Super Bagyong Inday (''Bavi'')====
{{See also|Super Bagyong Inday}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 15
| image = BAVI H9RGB 2026-07-04 0320z cropped.png
| track = Bavi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 117
| 1-min winds = 140
| Pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====11. Bagyong Henry (''Maysak'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Henry (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hunyo 30
| Dissipated = Hulyo 7
| image = Maysak 2026-07-03 0040Z.png
| track = Maysak 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 996
}}
{{clear}}

====12. Bagyong Josie (''Haishen'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 12
| Dissipated = Hulyo 14
| image = Haishen 2026-07-13 0430Z.jpg
| track = Haishen 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====13. Bagyong Kiyapo (''Noul'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 22
| Dissipated = Hulyo 27
| image = Noul 2026-07-24 0230Z.png
| track = Noul 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 75
| 1-min winds = 85
| Pressure = 960
}}
{{clear}}

====15. Bagyong Luis–Maymay (''Kujira'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Luis–Maymay}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 31
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Kujira 2026-08-05 0200Z.jpg
| track = Kujira 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====19. Bagyong Neneng (''Gaenari'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 18
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Neneng 2026-08-19 0440Z.jpg
| track = Gaenari 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = &lt;
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 
| Pressure = 1002
}}
{{clear}}

====21. Super Bagyong Obet (''Saudel'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Obet (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 15
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Saudel 2026-08-22 2252Z.jpg
| track = Saudel 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 89
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====25. Bagyong Pilandok (''Krovanh'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 29
| Dissipated = Setyembre 8
| image = Pilandok 2026-08-29 2350Z.jpg
| track = Krovanh 2026 path.png
| Prewinds = 
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}

====27. Bagyong Queenie (''Surigae'')====
{{See also|Bagyong Queenie (2026)}}
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 21
| Dissipated = Oktubre 1
| image = Surigae 2026-09-27 1635Z.jpg
| track = Surigae 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 130
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====30. Super Bagyong Rosal (''Champi'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 11
| Dissipated =Oktubre 25
| image = Champi 2026-10-17 2302Z.png
| track = Champi 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 145
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

====32. Bagyong Samuel (''Cempaka'')====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Nobyembre 5
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Cempaka 2026-11-06 2255Z.jpg
| track = Cempaka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 70
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 970
}}
{{clear}}

=====Mga bagyo sa bawat buwan ng 2026=====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
| '''[[Buwan (panahon)|Buwan]]'''
| {{center|'''[[Bagyo sa Pilipinas|Bagyo]]'''}}
|-
| Enero || Ada
|-
| Pebrero  || Basyang
|-===
| Marso || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| &lt;center&gt;{{grey|N/A}}&lt;/center&gt;
|-
| Abril  
|-
| Mayo || Caloy, Domeng
|-
| Hunyo || Ester, Francisco, Gardo
|-
| Hulyo || Henry, Inday, Josie, Kiyapo
|-
| Agosto || Luis-Maymay, Neneng, Obet, Pilandok
|-
| Setyembre || Queenie
|-
| Oktubre || Rosal
|-
| Nobyembre || Samuel, {{grey|Tomas}}
|-
| Disyembre || {{grey|Umberto}}, {{grey|Venus}}
|}

===Nasa labas ng Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas===
====3. Bagyong Nuri====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Marso 10
| Dissipated = Marso 13
| image = Nuri 2026-03-11 0404Z.jpg
| track = Nuri 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====4. Bagyong Sinlaku====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Abril 8
| Dissipated = Abril 20
| image = Sinlaku 2026-04-12 1547Z.jpg
| track = Sinlaku 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 115
| 1-min winds = 160
| Pressure = 905
}}
{{clear}}

====14. Super Bagyong Dolphin====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Hulyo 26
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dolphin 2026-07-29 1920Z.jpg
| track = Dolphin 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 110
| 1-min winds = 150
| Pressure = 910
}}
{{clear}}

====16. Bagyong Chan-hom====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 5
| Dissipated = Agosto 15
| image = Chan-hom 2026-08-11 0350Z.jpg
| track = Chan-hom 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 50
| Pressure = 980
}} 
{{clear}}

====17. Bagyong Peilou====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 8{{refn|The JTWC recognises this system as a regeneration of Kujira, therefore it also has the same designation as Kujira.|group=&quot;nb&quot;}}
| Dissipated = Agosto 13
| image = Peilou 2026-08-10 0320Z.jpg
| track = Peilou 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 40
| Pressure = 992
}}
{{clear}}

====18. Bagyong Nangka====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 11 
| Dissipated = Agosto 16
| image = Nangka 2026-08-13 0310Z.jpg
| track = Nangka 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 40
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====20. Bagyong Narra====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 17
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Narra 2026-08-22 0835Z.jpg
| track = Narra 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 35
| Pressure = 994
}}
{{clear}}

====22. Bagyong Atsani====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 22
| Dissipated = Agosto 26
| image = Atsani 2026-08-24 0633Z.jpg
| track = Atsani 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 35
| 1-min winds = 30
| Pressure = 998
}}
{{clear}}

====23. Bagyong Bang-Lang====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 25
| Dissipated = Agosto 31
| image = Bang-Lang 2026-08-29 0200Z.jpg
| track = Bang-Lang 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 65
| 1-min winds = 75
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====24. Bagyong Etau====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Agosto 26
| Dissipated = Agosto 30
| image = Etau 2026-08-28 0150Z.jpg
| track = Etau 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 45
| 1-min winds = 45
| Pressure = 985
}}
{{clear}}
====25. Bagyong Dujuan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| name = 
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 13
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Dujuan 2026-09-18 0600Z.jpg
| track = Dujuan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 50
| 1-min winds = 65
| Pressure = 980
}}
{{clear}}

====28. Bagyong Choi-wan====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Setyembre 27
| Dissipated = Oktubre 7
| image = Choi-wan 2026-10-04 1600Z.jpg
| track = Choi-wan 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 140
| pressure = 925
}}
{{clear}}

====29. Bagyong Koguma====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 3
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Koguma 2026-10-06 2220Z.png
| track = Koguma 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 55
| 1-min winds = 60
| Pressure = 990
}}
{{clear}}

====Bagyong Nolo====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 4 ([[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2026#Hurricane Nolo|entered basin]])
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = Nolo 2026-10-05 0341Z.png
| track = Nolo 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 95
| 1-min winds = 110
| Pressure = 950
}}
{{clear}}

====31. Bagyong In-fa====
{{Infobox hurricane
| Basin = WPac
| Formed = Oktubre 22
| Dissipated = kasalukuyan
| image = In-fa 2026-10-26 0520Z.jpg
| track = In-fa 2026 path.png
| 10-min winds = 100
| 1-min winds = 115
| Pressure = 945
}}
{{clear}}

==Pangalan ng mga bagyo==
===Internasyonal===
Ang mga pangalan ng mga internasyonal (daigdig) na bagyo ay ipinapangalan ng mga bansang [[Hapon]] (JMA) at [[Estados Unidos]] (JTCW) sa Kanlurang [[Karagatang Pasipiko]] kung ang iba rito ay pumasok sa Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) ay bibigyan ng pangalan na lokal ng PAGASA na nakahanay sa alpabeto.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Nokaen (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Penha]] (2602)
* Nuri (2603)
* Sinlaku (2604)
* Hagupit (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Jangmi]] (2606)
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Mekkhala]] (2607)
* Higos (2608)
|
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Bavi]] (2609)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Maysak]] (2610)
* Haishen (2611)
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Noul]] (2612)
* Dolphin (2613)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Kujira]] (2614)
* Chan-hom (2615)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Peilou]] (2616)
|
* Nangka (2617)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Saudel]] (2618)
* Narra (2619)
* Gaenari (2620)
* Atsani (2621)
* Etau (2622)
* Bang-Lang (2623)
* Krovanh (2624)
* Dujuan (2625)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Surigae (2626)]]
* Choi-wan (2627)
|
* Koguma (2628)
* Champi (2630)
* In-fa (2631)
* {{tcname active|Cempaka (2632)}}
* {{tcname unused|Nepartak}}
* {{tcname unused|Lupit}}
* {{tcname unused|Mirinae}}
* {{tcname unused|Nida}}
* {{tcname unused|Omais}}
|
&lt;!--Add once In-fa is used
* {{tcname unused|Luc-binh}}
* {{tcname unused|Chanthu}}
* {{tcname unused|Dianmu}}
* {{tcname unused|Mindulle}}--&gt;
|}

===Pilipinas===
{{See also|Talaan ng mga rinetirong pangalan bagyo sa Pilipinas}}
Ngayong panahon, gagamit ang [[Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmosperiko, Heopisiko at Astronomiko|PAGASA]] ng sarili nitong pamamaraan ng pagbibigay ng pangalan para sa mga bagyong bubuo sa o papasok sa kanilang tinukoy sa sariling [[Sakop na Responsibilidad ng Pilipinas|sakop na responsibilidad]]. Sa panahon na ito, ginagamit ng PAGASA ang sumusunod na listahan ng mga pangalan, na huling ginamit noong [[Panahon ng bagyo sa Pasipiko ng 2022|2022]] at muling gagamitin noong 2030, na na-update na may mga pagpapalit ng mga retiradong pangalan, kung mayroon man. Ang lahat ng mga pangalan ay pareho noong 2022 maliban kay ''Ada'', ''Francisco'', ''Kiyapo'' at ''Pilandok'', na pinalitan ang mga pangalang ''[[Bagyong Agaton|Agaton]]'', ''[[Bagyong Florita (2022)|Florita]]'', ''[[Bagyong Karding|Karding]]'' at ''[[Bagyong Paeng|Paeng]]'' pagkatapos nilang magretiro. Lahat ng tatlong bagong pangalan ay ginamit sa unang pagkakataon ngayon ng panahon.

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
|
* Ada (2601)
* [[Bagyong Basyang (2026)|Basyang]] (2602)
* Caloy (2605)
* [[Bagyong Domeng (2026)|Domeng]] (2606)
* Ester
|
* [[Bagyong Francisco (2026)|Francisco]] (2607)
* Gardo (2608)
* [[Bagyong Henry (2026)|Henry]] (2610)
* [[Super Bagyong Inday|Inday]] (2609)
* Josie (2611)
|
* [[Bagyong Kiyapo (2026)|Kiyapo]] (2612)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Luis]] (2614)
* [[Bagyong Luis–Maymay|Maymay]] (2614)
* Neneng (2620)
* [[Bagyong Obet (2026)|Obet]] (2618)
|
* Pilandok (2624)
* [[Bagyong Queenie (2026)|Queenie]] (2626)
* Rosal (2630)
* {{tcname active|Samuel (2632)}}
* {{tcname unused|Tomas}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Umberto}}
* {{tcname unused|Venus}}
* {{tcname unused|Waldo}}
* {{tcname unused|Yayang}}
* {{tcname unused|Zeny}}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;&gt;'''Auxiliary list'''&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:90%;&quot;
|
* {{tcname unused|Agila}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagwis}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Chito}}
* {{tcname unused|Diego}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Elena}}
* {{tcname unused|Felino}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Gunding}}
* {{tcname unused|Harriet}}
|
* {{tcname unused|Indang}}
* {{tcname unused|Jessa}}
|}
{{clear}}

==Mga sanggunian==

[[Kategorya:Panahon ng bagyo sa Pilipinas]]</text>
      <sha1>3c9p71vl2ka9rziznibt0at1i4y58fw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Inday (paglilinaw)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336473</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241118</id>
      <parentid>2202179</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:33:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241118</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="926" sha1="j43e6qm8z0qkk0jg7nmaci57g9d6soo" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Inday''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

* Bagyong Inday (2006) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Bopha.
* Bagyong Inday (2010) - ay isang malalang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Fanapi, na tumama sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Inday (2014) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Nakri.
* Bagyong Inday (2018) - ay isang bagyo na sa Karagatang Pasipiko na may internasyonal na pangalaang Ampil.
* [[Bagyong Inday (2022)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]]. na may internasyonal na pangalang Muifa.
* [[Super Bagyong Inday]] (2026) - ay isang super bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Bavi''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Henry|Henry]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Inday|after=[[Bagyong Josie (paglilinaw)|Josie]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inday}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>j43e6qm8z0qkk0jg7nmaci57g9d6soo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241137</id>
      <parentid>2241118</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:18:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241137</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="973" sha1="fzr5y9hnxvv0abi6veqvr7nbonzjbzd" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Inday''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Iliang noong 1998.

* Bagyong Inday (2006) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Bopha.
* Bagyong Inday (2010) - ay isang malalang bagyo, na may internasyonal na pangalang Fanapi, na tumama sa [[Taiwan]].
* Bagyong Inday (2014) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Nakri.
* Bagyong Inday (2018) - ay isang bagyo na sa Karagatang Pasipiko na may internasyonal na pangalaang Ampil.
* [[Bagyong Inday (2022)]] - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]]. na may internasyonal na pangalang Muifa.
* [[Super Bagyong Inday]] (2026) - ay isang super bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Bavi''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Henry|Henry]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Inday|after=[[Bagyong Josie (paglilinaw)|Josie]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Inday}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>fzr5y9hnxvv0abi6veqvr7nbonzjbzd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Gener (paglilinaw)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336479</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241159</id>
      <parentid>2202210</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241159</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="898" sha1="niru0h89f3stcpwikmf12vcahdaci6q" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Gener''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang Gloring noong 2000.

* Bagyong Gener (2004) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Kabisayaan]] na may internasyonal na pangalang Chanthu.
* Bagyong Gener (2008) - ay isang tropikal depresyon sa Pilipinas.
* Bagyong Gener (2012) - ay isang malakas na bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Saola.
* Bagyong Gener (2016) - ay isang malakas na bagyo sa [[Karagatang Pasipiko]]. na may internasyonal na pangalang Malakas.
* Bagyong Gener (2020) - ay isang tropikal depresyon.
* Bagyong Gener (2024) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Biyetnam]] na may internasyonal na pangalang Soulik.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Ferdie|Ferdie]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Gener|after=[[Bagyong Helen (paglilinaw)|Helen]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gener}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Yasmin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336552</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241177</id>
      <parentid>2239770</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:13:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241177</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="703" sha1="gbb66yfoamsfcpone4alxm9joyxpreo" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''{{grey|Yasmin}}''' ay magagamit na pangalan sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga susunod na panahon, ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. Ang pangalang ay hango sa [[Sampaga|bulaklak]].

Na ipinalit sa pangalang [[Super Bagyong Yolanda|Yolanda]] noong 2013.

* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yasmin (2017)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yasmin (2021)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yasmin (2025)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yasmin (2029)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Wilma|Wilma]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years={{tcname unused|Yasmin}}|after=[[Bagyong Zoraida|Zoraida]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yasmin}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Padron:Pampang ng Pagkakaisa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>338661</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241064</id>
      <parentid>2213478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T15:29:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Myrabert015</username>
        <id>156576</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241064</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3545" sha1="tf64zljtl7kya6piuqisojc9g39rzih" xml:space="preserve">{{Image label begin|image=Union_Bank_%26_Reefs_(Spratly_Islands).png|width=630|link=}}
{{Image label|x=300|y=840|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Mabini|&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Mabini'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Johnson South Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=25|y=600|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Roxas|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Roxas'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Collins Reef,&lt;br&gt;Johnson North Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=50|y=505|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 7|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 7''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=445|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 6|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 6''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=90|y=400|scale=630/1400|text=[[Pulo ng Rurok|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Pulo ng Rurok'''&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--&lt;small&gt;(Sin Cowe Island)&lt;/small&gt;--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=420|y=410|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 5|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Burunyugan Reef 5''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=540|y=360|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Chigua|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Chigua''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=400|y=310|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 4|&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 4'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Hughes Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=720|y=260|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 3|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 3''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=780|y=210|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 2|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 2''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=880|y=160|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 1|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 1''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=1220|y=145|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Julian Felipe|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Julian Felipe''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=1050|y=370|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 15|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 15''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=790|y=420|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 14|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 14'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Grierson Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=890|y=450|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 13|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 13''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=840|y=485|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 12|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 12''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=790|y=515|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 11|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 11''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=730|y=560|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 10|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 10''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=640|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 9|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 9''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=500|y=700|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 8|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 8'''&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Landsdowne Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label end}}
[[Kategorya:Kapuluan ng Kalayaan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241067</id>
      <parentid>2241064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T15:50:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Myrabert015</username>
        <id>156576</id>
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      <text bytes="4473" sha1="2bs9vnf0276m7wxy5wx6dkxb03d5qrf" xml:space="preserve">{{Image label begin|image=Union_Bank_%26_Reefs_(Spratly_Islands).png|width=630|link=}}
{{Image label|x=300|y=840|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Mabini|&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Mabini'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Johnson South Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=25|y=600|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Roxas|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Roxas'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Collins Reef,&lt;br&gt;Johnson North Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=50|y=505|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 7|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 7''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Loveless Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=150|y=445|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 6|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 6''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Gent Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=90|y=400|scale=630/1400|text=[[Pulo ng Rurok|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Pulo ng Rurok'''&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Sin Cowe Island)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=420|y=410|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 5|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 5''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Edmund Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=540|y=360|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Chigua|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Chigua''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (McKennan Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=400|y=310|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 4|&lt;span style=&quot;color: yellow;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 4'''&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Hughes Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=720|y=260|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 3|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 3''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Hallet Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=780|y=210|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 2|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 2''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Holiday Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=880|y=160|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 1|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 1''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Empire Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=1220|y=145|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Julian Felipe|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Julian Felipe''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Whitsun Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=1050|y=370|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 15|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 15''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Ross Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=790|y=420|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 14|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 14'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Grierson Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=890|y=450|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 13|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 13''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Bamford Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=840|y=485|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 12|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 12''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Tetley Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=790|y=515|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 11|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 11''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
{{Image label|x=730|y=560|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 10|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 10''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Jones Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=590|y=640|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 9|&lt;span style=&quot;color: white;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''Bahura ng Burunyugan 9''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;'' (Higgens Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label|x=500|y=700|scale=630/1400|text=[[Bahura ng Burunyugan 8|&lt;span style=&quot;color: violet;&quot;&gt;'''Bahura ng Burunyugan 8'''&lt;/span&gt;]] &lt;span style=&quot;color: #FFFFFF;&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Landsdowne Reef)''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;}}
{{Image label end}}
[[Kategorya:Kapuluan ng Kalayaan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miss Universe 2026</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>338862</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241063</id>
      <parentid>2239455</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T15:14:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Allyriana000</username>
        <id>119761</id>
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{{Infobox beauty pageant
| date = 24 Nobyembre 2026
| venue = José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| broadcaster = {{Hlist|[[Roku]]|[[Telemundo]]|[[TV Azteca]]}}
| debuts = {{Hlist|Kolektibidad ng San Martin|Malawi|Republika ng Konggo|Timog Sudan|Uganda}}
| returns= {{Hlist|Albanya|Alemanya|Austrya|Hamayka|Hordan|Kamerun|Kenya|Litwanya|Lupangyelo|Maldibas|Maruekos|Mongolya|Montenegro|Réunion|Sierra Leone|Suriname|Tunisya|Usbekistan}}
| before = [[Miss Universe 2025|2025]]
|withdrawals={{Hlist|Baybaying Garing|Biyetnam|Bulgarya|Emiratos Arabes Unidos|Eslobenya|Indonesya|Laos|Malaysia|Mawrisyo|Miss Universe Latina|Palestina|Rwanda|Sambia|Singapura|Taylandiya}}}}

Ang '''Miss Universe 2026''' ang magiging ika-75 edisyon ng [[Miss Universe]] pageant, na nakatakdang gaganapin sa José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum sa [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]], sa 24 Nobyembre 2026.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kokoronahan ni [[Fátima Bosch]] ng Mehiko ang kaniyang papalit sa pagtatapos ng kaganapan.

Papangunahan ni [[Miss Universe 1993]] Dayanara Torres ang kompetisyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=VIDEO: Dayanara Torres confirma que será parte de Miss Universe 2026 en Puerto Rico|trans-title=VIDEO: Dayanara Torres confirms she will be part of Miss Universe 2026 in Puerto Rico|url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/video-dayanara-torres-confirma-que-ser-la-animadora-de-miss-universe-2026-en-puerto-rico/article_94b5f92c-14ed-487b-9d9b-afbc0bc1842d.html|url-status=live|website=El Vocero|language=es|date=18 Oktubre 2026|access-date=21 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261019052640/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/video-dayanara-torres-confirma-que-ser-la-animadora-de-miss-universe-2026-en-puerto-rico/article_94b5f92c-14ed-487b-9d9b-afbc0bc1842d.html#google_vignette|archive-date=19 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kaligiran ==

=== Lokasyon at petsa ng kompetisyon ===
[[Talaksan:Coliseum_of_Puerto_Rico_(03).jpg|thumb|José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum, ang lokasyon ng Miss Universe 2026]]
Noong 23 Setyembre 2025, inanunsyo ng [[Miss Universe|Miss Universe Organization]] na gaganapin ang edisyong ito sa Puerto Rico sa ikaapat na pagkakataon, pagkatapos ng [[Miss Universe 1972|1972]], [[Miss Universe 2001|2001]], at [[Miss Universe 2002|2002.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=24 Setyembre 2025 |title=Puerto Rico to host 75th Miss Universe pageant next year |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/630357/puerto-rico-to-host-75th-miss-universe-pageant-next-year |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cosulich |first=Bianca |date=23 Setyembre 2025 |title=Miss Universo en Puerto Rico: lo que debes saber del aniversario 75 |trans-title=Miss Universe in Puerto Rico: What you need to know about the 75th anniversary |url=https://marieclaire.com.mx/miss-universo-2026-puerto-rico/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923204633/https://marieclaire.com.mx/miss-universo-2026-puerto-rico/ |archive-date=23 Setyembre 2025 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=Marie Claire |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramos Rosado |first=Víctor |date=23 Setyembre 2025 |title=Miss Universe 2026 se celebrará en Puerto Rico |language=es |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026 will be held in Puerto Rico |work=El Nuevo Día |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/miss-universe-2026-se-celebrara-en-puerto-rico/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250928045010/https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/miss-universe-2026-se-celebrara-en-puerto-rico/ |archive-date=28 Setyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kinumpirma ni Jennifer González-Colón, ang Gobernador ng Puerto Rico, ang pagpili at inanunsyo na sumang-ayon ang kaniyang administrasyon na maglaan ng kabuuang {{US$|9 million}} sa pampublikong pondo upang pondohan ang pangunguna nito ng kompetisyon, na pangangasiwaan ng Puerto Rico Tourism Company at Discover Puerto Rico.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=24 Setyembre 2025 |title=Puerto Rico To Host Miss Universe 2026 In A Celebration Of Latino Pride |url=https://belatina.com/puerto-rico-miss-universe-2026-celebration-latino-pride/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307001204/https://belatina.com/puerto-rico-miss-universe-2026-celebration-latino-pride/ |archive-date=7 Marso 2026 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=BeLatina |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Muchacho |first=Enrique |date=21 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Economic and Tourism opportunity with Miss Universe 2026 |url=https://www.wjournalpr.com/top-stories/economic-and-tourism-opportunity-with-miss-universe-2026/article_45866058-ed3b-4e24-9a40-926a73a8ea9f.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121221746/https://www.wjournalpr.com/top-stories/economic-and-tourism-opportunity-with-miss-universe-2026/article_45866058-ed3b-4e24-9a40-926a73a8ea9f.html |archive-date=21 Nobyembre 2025 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=WJournal |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itinalaga ng mga tagapag-ayos ang José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum sa San Juan, Puerto Rico, bilang ang lokasyon ng kompetisyon, na nakatakdang gaganapin sa Nobyembre 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=23 Setyembre 2025 |title=Miss Universe 2026 se llevará a cabo en Puerto Rico |language=es |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026 will be held in Puerto Rico |website=Metro Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2025/09/23/miss-universe-2026-se-llevara-a-cabo-en-puerto-rico/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923202932/https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2025/09/23/miss-universe-2026-se-llevara-a-cabo-en-puerto-rico/ |archive-date=23 Setyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Valdez |first=Cynthia |date=23 Setyembre 2025 |title=Miss Universe 2026: Puerto Rico será la sede de la 75a edición del certamen en su aniversario de diamante |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Puerto Rico will host the 75th edition of the pageant on its diamond anniversary |url=https://www.hola.com/us-es/celebrities/20250923857526/miss-universe-2026-sede-puerto-rico-75-edicion/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923201347/https://www.hola.com/us-es/celebrities/20250923857526/miss-universe-2026-sede-puerto-rico-75-edicion/ |archive-date=23 Setyembre 2025 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=¡Hola! |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=24 Setyembre 2025 |title=Puerto Rico to host 75th Miss Universe pageant next year |language=en |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/630357/puerto-rico-to-host-75th-miss-universe-pageant-next-year |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260517042411/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/630357/puerto-rico-to-host-75th-miss-universe-pageant-next-year |archive-date=17 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong 18 Disyembre, ipinatigil ni Willianette Robles Cancel, ang direktor ehekutibo ng Puerto Rico Tourism Company, ang mga pagbabayad nito sa Miss Universe at nanawagan ng isang pagpupulong sa pagitan ng kanilang mga delegasyon upang talakayin ang &quot;ilang nakabinbing isyu at mga bagong kinakailangan para sa pagdaraos ng kompetisyon&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purnell |first=Kristofer |date=12 Disyembre 2025 |title=Puerto Rico gov't halts funds disbursement for Miss Universe 2026 — report |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/business-life/2025/12/12/2493745/puerto-rico-govt-halts-funds-disbursement-miss-universe-2026-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260420032723/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/business-life/2025/12/12/2493745/puerto-rico-govt-halts-funds-disbursement-miss-universe-2026-report |archive-date=20 Abril 2026 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=[[The Philippine Star]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Figueroa Roqué |first=Jan |date=10 Disyembre 2025 |title=Gobierno detiene desembolso de fondos a Miss Universe |trans-title=Government halts disbursement of funds to Miss Universe |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/gobierno-detiene-desembolso-de-fondos-a-miss-universe/article_2d2e76f4-3377-4691-8632-0792e4198d62.html |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260828175404/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/gobierno-detiene-desembolso-de-fondos-a-miss-universe/article_2d2e76f4-3377-4691-8632-0792e4198d62.html|archive-date=28 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nangyari ang suspensyon matapos humarap sa ilang mga isyu ang kompetisyon, kabilang ang [[Miss Universe 2025|mga iregularidad sa resulta]] ng nakaraang edisyon at ang paglulunsad ng pamahalaan ng Mehiko ng imbestigasyon sa pangulo ng Miss Universe na si Raúl Rocha sa mga kaso ng droga, gasolina, at pagpupuslit ng armas.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sanchez |first=Fabiola |date=5 Disyembre 2025 |title=Mexico freezes Miss Universe co-owner's bank accounts during organized crime investigation |url=https://apnews.com/article/mexico-miss-universe-organized-crime-probe-68da9ec3acfb656446b901df2306f152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251228131125/https://apnews.com/article/mexico-miss-universe-organized-crime-probe-68da9ec3acfb656446b901df2306f152 |archive-date=28 Disyembre 2025 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=AP News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=25 Abril 2026 |title=Puerto Rico’s hosting of 75th Miss Universe pageant is pushing through |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/665476/puerto-ricos-hosting-of-75th-miss-universe-pageant-is-pushing-through |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260828150033/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/665476/puerto-ricos-hosting-of-75th-miss-universe-pageant-is-pushing-through|archive-date=28 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Pagsapit ng Marso 2026, napagkasunduan na ng delegasyon na ipagpatuloy ang pangunguna ng kompetisyon sa teritoryo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Menéndez Sanabria |first=Pedro |date=4 Marso 2026 |title=En su etapa final negociación entre gobierno y Miss Universe |trans-title=In its final stage, negotiations between the government and Miss Universe |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/en-su-etapa-final-negociaci-n-entre-gobierno-y-miss-universe/article_add00e58-73ce-4543-a307-86259aa6dd65.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307213532/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/en-su-etapa-final-negociaci-n-entre-gobierno-y-miss-universe/article_add00e58-73ce-4543-a307-86259aa6dd65.html |archive-date=7 Marso 2026 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabilang sa mga kundisyong ipinataw ng pamahalaan ng Puerto Rico sa kasunduan ay ang pagbawi ni Rocha sa kaniyang pakikilahok sa pangunguna ng edisyon upang &quot;pangalagaan ang imahe ng Puerto Rico&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Figueroa Roqué |first=Jan |last2=Aponte Inostroza |first2=Carlos |date=19 Pebrero 2026 |title=¿Qué condiciones está imponiendo el gobierno para la celebración de Miss Universe en Puerto Rico? |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/qu-condiciones-est-imponiendo-el-gobierno-para-la-celebraci-n-de-miss-universe-en-puerto/article_a684dbda-62d5-4b62-bf06-573453e07fd6.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260307181719/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/qu-condiciones-est-imponiendo-el-gobierno-para-la-celebraci-n-de-miss-universe-en-puerto/article_a684dbda-62d5-4b62-bf06-573453e07fd6.html |archive-date=7 Marso 2026 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pagsapit ng Abril 2026, natapos ng pamahalaan ng Puerto Rico ang pagbayad nito sa Miss Universe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Figueroa Roqué |first=Jan |date=28 Abril 2026 |title=Gobierno finaliza pagos para la celebración de Miss Universe 2026 en la Isla |trans-title=Government finalizes payments for the Miss Universe 2026 pageant on the island |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/gobierno-finaliza-pagos-para-la-celebraci-n-de-miss-universe-2026-en-la-isla/article_63dd3de8-5ff6-42c2-aa52-02a694991a2c.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260505154733/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/gobierno-finaliza-pagos-para-la-celebraci-n-de-miss-universe-2026-en-la-isla/article_63dd3de8-5ff6-42c2-aa52-02a694991a2c.html |archive-date=5 Mayo 2026 |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong 22 Hulyo 2026, inanunsyo ng Miss Universe Organization na ang opisyal na petsa ng kompetisyon ay sa 24 Nobyembre 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santiago |first=Camille |date=23 Hulyo 2026 |title=75th Miss Universe coronation night to be held on November 24 in Puerto Rico |url=https://philstarlife.com/news-and-views/828719-miss-universe-coronation-night-nov-24?page=2 |access-date=23 Hulyo 2026 |website=Philstar Life |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ayon kay Cancel, inaasahang mag-aakit ng humigit-kumulang 65,000 bisita ang kompetisyon sa pulo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Figueroa Roqué |first=Jan |date=8 Oktubre 2026 |title=Miss Universe 2026 atraerá unos 65,000 visitantes a la Isla |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026 will attract approximately 65,000 visitors to the island. |url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/miss-universe-2026-atraer-unos-65-000-visitantes-a-la-isla/article_5b334ba0-4c79-49e0-b612-d92c7a448284.html |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |website=El Vocero de Puerto Rico |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagpili ng mga kandidata ===
Mula sa mga kandidatang itinalaga noong 21 Hulyo 2026, Labing-isang kandidata ang nailuklok upang kumatawan sa kanilang mga bansa/teritoryo matapos maging isang runner-up sa kanilang kompetisyong pambansa,{{Efn|Si Aliya Karotkaya ng Biyelorusya ang first runner-up sa Miss Belarus 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Alena Kucheruk from Polotsk wins Miss Belarus 2025 beauty pageant|url=https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/news/alena-kucheruk-from-polotsk-wins-miss-belarus-2025-beauty-pageant_i_197941.html|url-status=live|website=Belarus.by|date=12 Setyembre 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260830114140/https://www.belarus.by/en/press-center/news/alena-kucheruk-from-polotsk-wins-miss-belarus-2025-beauty-pageant_i_197941.html|archivedate=30 Agosto 2026|accessdate=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Si Dabilo Moses ng Botswana ang first runner-up sa Miss Universe Botswana 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Shabani|first=Thamani|date=1 Setyembre 2025|title=Andries new Miss Universe Botswana|url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/88410|url-status=live|website=Daily News Botswana|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250904031135/https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/88410|archivedate=4 Setyembre 2025|accessdate=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Si Danielle Yablonka ng Israel ang first runner-up sa Miss Universe Israel 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Taylor|first=Ezra|date=19 Hulyo 2025|title=Melanie Shiraz wins Miss Universe Israel 2025 crown, vows to use platform for meaningful change|url=https://www.jpost.com/j-spot/article-861514|url-status=live|website=The Jerusalem Post|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250719185733/https://www.jpost.com/j-spot/article-861514|archivedate=19 Hulyo 2025|accessdate=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Si Selena Grant ng Kapuluang Turks at Caicos ang first runner-up sa Miss Universe Turks and Caicos 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Tyson|first=Vivian|date=2 Agosto 2025|title=Bereniece Dickenson Crowned Miss Universe Turks and Caicos 2025|url=https://www.newslinetci.com/post/bereniece-dickenson-crowned-miss-universe-turks-and-caicos-2025|url-status=live|website=Newsline TCI|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802073600/https://www.newslinetci.com/post/bereniece-dickenson-crowned-miss-universe-turks-and-caicos-2025|archivedate=2 Agosto 2025|accessdate=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Si Bruk Belete ng Etiyopiya ang first runner-up sa Miss Universe Spain 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Espí |first=Aarón |date=12 Hulyo 2026 |title=Las historias que llegan a Miss Universo España 2026 y demuestran que ya no existe una candidata tipo: madres, mujeres de 40 años y cuerpos alejados del canon tradicional |url=https://www.vanitatis.elconfidencial.com/famosos/2026-07-12/historias-miss-universo-espana-demuestran-no-existe-una-candidata-tipo_4387269/ |access-date=5 Oktubre 2026 |website=El Confidencial|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} o matapos mapili sa isang ''casting process'',{{Efn|Representatives from Armenia, Aruba, the British Virgin Islands, Egypt, Jordan, Latvia, Martinique, Mayotte, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, and Uruguay, were each selected through a casting process conducted by their respective organizations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Arena Zeynalian Crowned Miss Universe Armenia 2026|url=https://edgar.id/blog-posts/arena-zeynalian-crowned-miss-universe-armenia-2026|url-status=live|website=Edgar Entertainment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827123000/https://edgar.id/blog-posts/arena-zeynalian-crowned-miss-universe-armenia-2026|archivedate=27 August 2026|accessdate=27 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Elizabeth Johnson Crowned Miss Universe Aruba 2026|url=https://arubanews.ca/elizabeth-johnson-crowned-miss-universe-aruba-2026/|url-status=live|website=Aruba News|date=31 August 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260901142936/https://arubanews.ca/elizabeth-johnson-crowned-miss-universe-aruba-2026/|archivedate=1 September 2026|accessdate=16 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Adina|first=Armin P.|date=18 August 2026|title=Filipino Miss Universe licensee Josh Yugen picks Egypt's bet anew|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/680855/filipino-miss-universe-licensee-josh-yugen-picks-egypts-bet-anew|url-status=live|website=Philippine Daily Inquirer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260821171537/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/680855/filipino-miss-universe-licensee-josh-yugen-picks-egypts-bet-anew|archivedate=21 August 2026|accessdate=23 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Larissa Ségarel est la nouvelle Miss Univers Martinique|trans-title=Larissa Ségarel is the new Miss Universe Martinique|url=https://rci.fm/martinique/infos/Culture/Larissa-Segarel-est-la-nouvelle-Miss-Univers-Martinique|url-status=live|website=RCI|language=fr|date=22 August 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260822231659/https://rci.fm/martinique/infos/Culture/Larissa-Segarel-est-la-nouvelle-Miss-Univers-Martinique|archivedate=22 August 2026|accessdate=23 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Maeva Toumbou Dani portera Mayotte à Miss Universe|trans-title=Maeva Toumbou Dani will represent Mayotte at Miss Universe|url=https://www.linfokwezi.fr/maeva-toumbou-dani-portera-mayotte-a-miss-universe/|url-status=live|website=L'info Kwezi|language=fr|date=25 May 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525080044/https://www.linfokwezi.fr/maeva-toumbou-dani-portera-mayotte-a-miss-universe/|archivedate=25 May 2026|accessdate=25 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Oriz|first=Karina|date=5 September 2026|title=Jasmine Blandford is crowned Miss Universe Nicaragua 2026 and will represent the country in Puerto Rico|url=https://100noticias.tv/farandula/149604-jasmine-blandford-miss-universe-nicaragua-2026/|url-status=live|website=[[100% Noticias]]|language=es|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260916120329/https://100noticias.tv/farandula/149604-jasmine-blandford-miss-universe-nicaragua-2026/|archivedate=16 September 2026|accessdate=16 September 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=(VIDEO) ¡Atendé lo que le pidieron a esta modelo para ser Miss Universo Paraguay!|trans-title=(VIDEO) Check out what they asked of this model to become Miss Universe Paraguay!|url=https://www.popular.com.py/2026/03/23/video-atende-lo-que-le-pidieron-a-esta-modelo-para-ser-miss-universo-paraguay/|url-status=live|website=Popular.com.py|language=es|date=23 March 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260324013405/https://www.popular.com.py/2026/03/23/video-atende-lo-que-le-pidieron-a-esta-modelo-para-ser-miss-universo-paraguay/|archivedate=24 March 2026|accessdate=24 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Napa|first=Renzo|date=14 April 2026|title=Miss Perú 2026: cuándo, dónde y cómo ver en vivo la coronación de la sucesora de Karla Bacigalupo con Fátima Bosch|trans-title=Miss Peru 2026: When, where and how to watch live the coronation of Karla Bacigalupo's successor with Fátima Bosch|url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301|url-status=live|website=Radio Programas del Perú|language=es|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415102922/https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301|archivedate=15 April 2026|accessdate=15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Napa|first=Renzo|date=15 April 2026|title=Luren Márquez: quién es la nueva Miss Perú 2026, conductora y promotora cultural rumbo al Miss Universo|trans-title=Luren Márquez: who is the new Miss Peru 2026, host and cultural promoter on her way to Miss Universe|url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-quien-es-luren-marquez-nueva-reina-de-belleza-y-su-trayectoria-noticia-1684485|url-status=live|website=[[Radio Programas del Perú]]|language=es|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416032509/https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301?itlk=iksiguiente|archivedate=16 April 2026|accessdate=16 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=García Retamal|first=Brenda|date=13 August 2026|title=Luren Márquez ya no es Miss Perú 2026: organización retiró su título y no participará en el Miss Universo|trans-title=Luren Márquez is no longer Miss Peru 2026: the organization withdrew her title and she will not participate in Miss Universe|url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/luren-marquez-ya-no-es-miss-peru-2026-organizacion-retiro-su-titulo-y-no-participara-en-el-miss-universo-noticia-1701458|url-status=live|website=Radio Programas del Perú|language=es|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260814024504/https://rpp.pe/famosos/celebridades/miss-universo-2026-confirman-fecha-de-la-gran-final-en-puerto-rico-noticia-1698418?itlk=iksiguiente|archivedate=14 August 2026|accessdate=14 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=De Young al mundo: Lucía Piñeyro Lima es la nueva Miss Universo Uruguay|trans-title=From Young to the world: Lucía Piñeyro Lima is the new Miss Universe Uruguay|url=https://uruguaydigital365.com/de-young-al-mundo-lucia-pineyro-lima-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-uruguay/|url-status=live|website=Uruguay Digital 365|language=es|date=31 May 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601052440/https://uruguaydigital365.com/de-young-al-mundo-lucia-pineyro-lima-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-uruguay/|archivedate=1 June 2026|accessdate=1 June 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;|name=b}} at anim na kandidata ang iniluklok matapos ang pag-urong ng orihinal na nagwagi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Maeva Toumbou Dani portera Mayotte à Miss Universe|trans-title=Maeva Toumbou Dani will represent Mayotte at Miss Universe|url=https://www.linfokwezi.fr/maeva-toumbou-dani-portera-mayotte-a-miss-universe/|url-status=live|website=L'info Kwezi|language=fr|date=25 Mayo 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260525080044/https://www.linfokwezi.fr/maeva-toumbou-dani-portera-mayotte-a-miss-universe/|archive-date=25 Mayo 2026|access-date=21 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=(VIDEO) ¡Atendé lo que le pidieron a esta modelo para ser Miss Universo Paraguay!|trans-title=(VIDEO) Check out what they asked of this model to become Miss Universe Paraguay!|url=https://www.popular.com.py/2026/03/23/video-atende-lo-que-le-pidieron-a-esta-modelo-para-ser-miss-universo-paraguay/|url-status=live|website=Popular.com.py|language=es|date=23 Marso 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260324013405/https://www.popular.com.py/2026/03/23/video-atende-lo-que-le-pidieron-a-esta-modelo-para-ser-miss-universo-paraguay/|archive-date=24 Marso 2026|access-date=21 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Napa|first=Renzo|date=14 Abril 2026|title=Miss Perú 2026: cuándo, dónde y cómo ver en vivo la coronación de la sucesora de Karla Bacigalupo con Fátima Bosch|trans-title=Miss Peru 2026: When, where and how to watch live the coronation of Karla Bacigalupo's successor with Fátima Bosch|url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301|url-status=live|website=Radio Programas del Perú|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415102922/https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301|archive-date=15 Abril 2026|access-date=21 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mga pagpalit ====
Pinalitan ni Weiyi Chen si Xinying Zhu bilang kinatawan ng Tsina matapos lumagpas sa limitasyon ng edad, na siya ring pinalitan ni Shiqi Wang sa hindi isiniwalat na dahilan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=3 Enero 2025 |title=安徽姑娘朱馨颖 荣膺第73姐环球小姐中国区总冠军 |language=zh-Hans |trans-title=Anhui girl Zhu Xinying won the 73rd Miss Universe China title |website=163.com |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/JKVURC9K0514F1M4.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 Hulyo 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250508195802/https://www.163.com/dy/article/JKVURC9K0514F1M4.html |archive-date=8 Mayo 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Nguyen |first=An |date=11 Abril 2025 |title=Miss Universe China Xinying Zhu stripped of title for 'inability to fulfill duties' |website=VnExpress |url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/life/celebrities/miss-universe-china-xinying-zhu-stripped-of-title-for-inability-to-fulfill-duties-4872860.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506014757/https://e.vnexpress.net/news/life/celebrities/miss-universe-china-xinying-zhu-stripped-of-title-for-inability-to-fulfill-duties-4872860.html |archive-date=6 Mayo 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Audrey Black si Josiane Golonga bilang kinatawan ng Kamerun matapos mapatalsik sa titulo si Golonga dahil sa mga paglabag sa kontrata.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=A. |first=Cintia |date=25 Pebrero 2026 |title=‎COMICA strips Josiane Golonga of Miss Cameroon 2025 title |url=https://www.lebledparle.com/en/comica-strips-josiane-golonga-of-miss-cameroon-2025-title/ |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=Le Bled Parle |language=en-US}} {{Dead link|date=Septiyembre 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Beleheka |first=Mercedes |date=26 Pebrero 2026 |title=Miss Cameroun 2025 : Audrey Black Moutongo, la nouvelle reine |trans-title=Miss Cameroon 2025: Audrey Black Moutongo, the new queen |url=https://magazine.pagesjaunes.online/miss-cameroun-2025-audrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-reine/ |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=Magazine Actualites Cameroun |language=fr |via=Magazine Pages Jaunes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315042814/https://magazine.pagesjaunes.online/miss-cameroun-2025-audrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-reine/ |archive-date=15 Marso 2026 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Medina Ermekova si Anara Esengeldieva bilang kinatawan ng Kirgistan sa edisyong ito sa hindi isiniwalat na dahilan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Turdubek |first=Aigyrov |date=25 Setyembre 2025 |title=Ayana Rasul kyzy crowned Miss Kyrgyzstan 2025 |language=en |website=24.kg |url=https://24.kg/english/344917_Ayana_Rasul_kyzy_crowned_Miss_Kyrgyzstan_2025/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250926211033/https://24.kg/english/344917_Ayana_Rasul_kyzy_crowned_Miss_Kyrgyzstan_2025/ |archive-date=26 Setyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Maruschka Sahiboe si Eunike Lioe bilang kinatawan ng Suriname dahil sa pagbabago ng may-hawak ng prangkisa sa naturang bansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 November 2025 |title=Tjin A Koeng: 'Nieuwe Miss Suriname gaat uitstekend om met kritiek' |language=nl |trans-title=Tjin A Koeng: 'The new Miss Suriname handles criticism very well' |website=Suriname Herald |url=https://www.srherald.com/suriname/2025/11/07/tjin-a-koeng-nieuwe-miss-suriname-gaat-uitstekend-om-met-kritiek/ |url-status=live |access-date=3 December 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251203104231/https://www.srherald.com/suriname/2025/11/07/tjin-a-koeng-nieuwe-miss-suriname-gaat-uitstekend-om-met-kritiek/ |archive-date=3 December 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=3 Agosto 2026 |title=Geen Miss Universe-deelname voor Miss Suriname 2026 Eunike Kishundat Lioe-A-Joe |language=nl |trans-title=No Miss Universe participation for Miss Suriname 2026 Eunike Kishundat Lioe-A-Joe |website=Waterkant |url=https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2026/08/03/geen-miss-universe-deelname-voor-miss-suriname-2026-eunike-kishundat-lioe-a-joe/ |url-status=live |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260803153440/https://www.waterkant.net/suriname/2026/08/03/geen-miss-universe-deelname-voor-miss-suriname-2026-eunike-kishundat-lioe-a-joe/ |archive-date=3 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Justine Kamara si Matôma Condé bilang kinatawan ng Guniya matapos iluklok si Condé bilang kinatawan ng Guniya sa [[Miss Cosmo 2026]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Mạn |first=Trần |date=8 Enero 2026 |title=Revealing the first 7 contestants to compete in Miss Universe 2026, what are the opportunities for Vietnam |language=en |newspaper=VGT |url=https://vgt.vn/lo-dien-7-thi-sinh-dau-tien-di-thi-miss-universe-2026-co-hoi-nao-cho-viet-nam-ihyes-20260108t7613948/?lang=en |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108212021/https://vgt.vn/lo-dien-7-thi-sinh-dau-tien-di-thi-miss-universe-2026-co-hoi-nao-cho-viet-nam-ihyes-20260108t7613948/?lang=en |archive-date=8 Enero 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chiarazzo |first=Thomas |date=10 Setyembre 2026 |title=Dix ans après Miss France, Justine Kamara, Miss Lorraine 2016, participera à l’élection Miss Univers |trans-title=Ten years after Miss France, Justine Kamara, Miss Lorraine 2016, will participate in the Miss Universe pageant. |url=https://www.republicain-lorrain.fr/societe/2026/09/10/dix-ans-apres-miss-france-justine-kamara-miss-lorraine-2016-participera-a-l-election-miss-univers |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Republicain-Lorrain |language=FR-fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Daiana Pereyra si Tamara Rogouski bilang kinatawan ng Arhentina sa personal na dahilan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=26 Mayo 2026 |title=Quién es Tamara Rogouski, la nueva Miss Universo Argentina 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Who is Tamara Rogouski, the new Miss Universe Argentina 2026? |website=El Litoral |url=https://www.ellitoral.com/nosotros/tamara-rogouski-nueva-miss-universo-argentina_0_FV2TJrqjZW.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260526020837/https://www.ellitoral.com/nosotros/tamara-rogouski-nueva-miss-universo-argentina_0_FV2TJrqjZW.html |archive-date=26 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Setyembre 2026 |title=Tras la renuncia de Tamara Rogouski, la posadeña Daiana Pereyra es nueva Miss Universo Argentina: “Todavía estoy en shock” |trans-title=Following Tamara Rogouski's resignation, Daiana Pereyra from Posadas is the new Miss Universe Argentina: &quot;I'm still in shock&quot; |url=https://www.canal12misiones.com/noticias-de-misiones/tendencias/daiana-pereyra-miss-universo-argentina |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Canal Doce Misiones |language=es-AR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong 28 Mayo 2026, bumitiw ang Miss France sa Miss Universe Organization dahil sa mga kontrobersiyang pumalibot sa nakaraang edisyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Panwar |first=Sanya |date=24 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Miss France organisation reconsidering participation in Miss Universe pageant amid all the controversies in 2025: Report |language=en |website=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/miss-france-organisation-reconsidering-participation-in-miss-universe-pageant-amid-all-the-controversies-in-2025-report-101763955415487.html |url-status=live |access-date=6 Disyembre 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251206201634/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/miss-france-organisation-reconsidering-participation-in-miss-universe-pageant-amid-all-the-controversies-in-2025-report-101763955415487.html |archive-date=6 Disyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Evangelista |first=Jessica Ann |date=26 Nobyembre 2025 |title=France signals exit from Miss Universe; Ghana–Guyana director steps down |language=en |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/640595/france-signals-exit-from-miss-universe-ghana-guyana-director-steps-down-from-post |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260303222157/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/640595/france-signals-exit-from-miss-universe-ghana-guyana-director-steps-down-from-post |archive-date=3 Marso 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=28 Mayo 2026 |title=Miss Univers 2026 : une décision sans précédent, pourquoi le comité Miss France quitte le concours |language=fr |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: an unprecedented decision, why the Miss France committee is leaving the competition |website=L'Internaute |url=https://www.linternaute.com/television/programme/10586214-miss-univers-2026-une-decision-sans-precedent-pourquoi-le-comite-miss-france-quitte-le-concours/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260528121931/https://www.linternaute.com/television/programme/10586214-miss-univers-2026-une-decision-sans-precedent-pourquoi-le-comite-miss-france-quitte-le-concours/ |archive-date=28 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dahil dito, hindi magpapatuloy sa kompetisyon si Miss France 2025 Angélique Angarni-Filopon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Lanciego |first=Milla |date=18 Disyembre 2024 |title=Angélique Angarni-Filopon privée de Miss Univers et Miss Monde à cause de son âge ? Elle rectifie |language=fr |trans-title=Angélique Angarni-Filopon deprived of Miss Universe and Miss World because of her age? She corrects herself |website=[[Paris Match]] |url=https://www.parismatch.com/people/angelique-angarni-filopon-privee-de-miss-univers-et-miss-monde-cause-de-son-age-elle-rectifie-244860 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251018213339/https://www.parismatch.com/people/angelique-angarni-filopon-privee-de-miss-univers-et-miss-monde-cause-de-son-age-elle-rectifie-244860 |archive-date=18 Oktubre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernando |first=Jefferson |date=29 Mayo 2026 |title=Miss Universe France enters new era under direct global leadership |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2026/05/29/miss-universe-france-enters-new-era-under-direct-global-leadership |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260530035847/https://tribune.net.ph/2026/05/29/miss-universe-france-enters-new-era-under-direct-global-leadership |archive-date=30 Mayo 2026 |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |website=[[Daily Tribune]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pinalitan ni Dominika Kotoučková si Sophia Osako bilang kinatawan ng Republikang Tseko sa personal na dahilan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=17 Hunyo 2026 |title=Toto je nová najkrajšia Češka! Titul Miss Universe získala kráska s japonskými koreňmi |language=sk |trans-title=This is the new most beautiful Czech! A beauty with Japanese roots won the Miss Universe title |website=Pravda |url=https://zena.pravda.sk/krasa-a-moda/clanok/817151-bodovala-v-dalsej-sutazi-tato-kraska-s-japonskymi-korenmi-vyhrala-titul-miss-universe-cesko/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617141305/https://zena.pravda.sk/krasa-a-moda/clanok/817151-bodovala-v-dalsej-sutazi-tato-kraska-s-japonskymi-korenmi-vyhrala-titul-miss-universe-cesko/ |archive-date=17 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CZ2110&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Šubrtová|first=Diana|date=16 Oktubre 2026|title=Sophia Maria Osako nepoletí na Miss Universe. Kdo ji nahradí, tají|trans-title=Sophia Maria Osako will not be going to Miss Universe; her replacement is being kept secret|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/sophia-maria-osako-miss-universe-cesko-soutez-odstoupeni.A261016_080306_missamodelky_sub|url-status=live|website=[[iDNES.cz]]|language=cs|access-date=21 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261016075312/https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/sophia-maria-osako-miss-universe-cesko-soutez-odstoupeni.A261016_080306_missamodelky_sub|archive-date=16 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unang ipinatalsik si Luren Márquez ng kaniyang pambansang organisasyon bilang kinatawan ng Peru sa hindi isiniwalat na dahilan, ngunit siya ay kaagad na ibinalik sa kaniyang puwesto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Napa |first=Renzo |date=15 Abril 2026 |title=Luren Márquez: quién es la nueva Miss Perú 2026, conductora y promotora cultural rumbo al Miss Universo |language=es |trans-title=Luren Márquez: who is the new Miss Peru 2026, host and cultural promoter on her way to Miss Universe |website=Radio Programas del Perú |url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-quien-es-luren-marquez-nueva-reina-de-belleza-y-su-trayectoria-noticia-1684485 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416032509/https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301?itlk=iksiguiente |archive-date=16 Abril 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Shirley |date=14 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Peru Luren Márquez dethroned ahead of Miss Universe 2026: The country doesn’t have a traditional runner-up |url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260814918157/miss-peru-luren-marquez-dethroned-miss-universe-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260815111414/https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260814918157/miss-peru-luren-marquez-dethroned-miss-universe-2026/ |archive-date=15 Agosto 2026 |access-date=17 Agosto 2026 |website=Hola! USA |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Mga unang pagsali, pagbalik, at pag-urong sa kompetisyon ====
Lalahok sa unang pagkakataon ang mga bansang Republika ng Konggo, Timog Sudan, at Uganda sa edisyong ito.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arrigoni |first=Charlotte |date=20 Hulyo 2026 |title=Miss Univers 2026 : la France a quitté le concours avec fracas et pourtant, il y aura bien une candidate française |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: France left the competition in a huff, and yet there will still be a French candidate |url=https://www.public.fr/miss-univers-2026-la-france-a-quitte-le-concours-avec-fracas-et-pourtant-il-y-aura-bien-une-candidate-francaise |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Public |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=23 Hulyo 2026 |title=Miss Malawi leadership confronted by legal and sector criticism over disputed Miss World pathway |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/miss-malawi-leadership-confronted-by-legal-and-sector-criticism-over-disputed-miss-world-pathway/ |access-date=30 Agosto 2026 |website=Nyasa Times |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MUUGA2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Ngobi |first=Muhammad |date=14 Mayo 2026 |title=Uganda officially launches historic first-ever local Miss Universe journey |language=en |website=UG Bulletin |url=https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/uganda-officially-launches-historic-first-ever-local-miss-universe-journey/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260515014620/https://www.ugbulletin.co.ug/uganda-officially-launches-historic-first-ever-local-miss-universe-journey/ |archive-date=15 May 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=10 Setyembre 2026 |title=Se esperan más de 130 candidatas para Miss Universe, en su edición diamante desde Puerto Rico |trans-title=More than 130 candidates are expected for Miss Universe, in its diamond edition from Puerto Rico |url=https://wapa.tv/programas/missuniverse/se-esperan-m-s-de-130-candidatas-para-miss-universe-en-su-edici-n-diamante/article_62af4537-6956-49e6-b77c-0fb5da809ef7.html |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |website=WAPA TV |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Babalik sa edisyong ito ang mga bansang Hordan na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 1960|1960]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fernando |first=Jefferson |date=9 Setyembre 2026 |title=Destiny Anbar leads Jordan’s historic Miss |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2026/09/09/destiny-anbar-leads-jordans-historic-miss-universe-comeback-after-66-years |access-date=5 Oktubre 2026 |website=Daily Tribune |language=en-PH}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tunisya na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 1971|1971]]; [[Réunion]] na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 1986|1986]];&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ludovic |first=Belzamine |date=11 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Universe Réunion 2026 : les candidatures sont ouvertes |trans-title=Miss Universe Réunion officially launched: applications are now open to represent the island internationally |url=https://www.megazap.fr/Miss-Universe-Reunion-officiellement-lance-les-candidatures-sont-ouvertes-pour-representer-l-ile-a-l-international_a16828.html |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Megazap |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=21 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe Réunion 2026 : 15 candidates en lice pour une première couronne le 10 octobre |language=fr |trans-title=Miss Universe Réunion 2026: 15 contestants vying for the inaugural crown on October 10 |website=Megazap |url=https://www.megazap.fr/Miss-Universe-Reunion-2026-15-candidates-en-lice-pour-une-premiere-couronne-le-10-octobre_a17093.html |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Etiyopiya na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 2017|2017]]; Litwanya at Sierra Leone na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 2019|2019]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=One night. Two crowns. One purpose. |url=https://www.althyri.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260529055844/https://www.althyri.com/ |archive-date=29 Mayo 2026 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Althyri |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; at Albanya, Alemanya, Hamayka, Kamerun, Kenya, Islandiya, Mongolya, Montenegro, Suriname, at Usbekistan na huling sumali noong [[Miss Universe 2024|2024]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=22 Mayo 2026 |title='Miss Universe Albania 2026', the event where the public will be part of the show |language=en |website=Tirana Post |url=https://tiranapost.al/english/stil-jete/miss-universe-albania-2026-eventi-ku-publiku-do-te-jete-pjese-e-show-t-i543651 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260522145926/https://tiranapost.al/english/stil-jete/miss-universe-albania-2026-eventi-ku-publiku-do-te-jete-pjese-e-show-t-i543651 |archive-date=22 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Beleheka |first=Mercedes |date=26 Pebrero 2026 |title=Miss Cameroun 2025 : Audrey Black Moutongo, la nouvelle reine |language=fr |trans-title=Miss Cameroon 2025: Audrey Black Moutongo, the new queen |website=Magazine Pages Jaunes |url=https://magazine.pagesjaunes.online/miss-cameroun-2025-audrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-reine/ |url-status=dead |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260315042814/https://magazine.pagesjaunes.online/miss-cameroun-2025-audrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-reine/ |archive-date=15 Marso 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Les inscriptions pour le casting 2026 sont ouvertes |trans-title=Registration for the 2026 casting call is now open |url=https://www.missuniverse-germany.de/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260418083303/https://www.missuniverse-germany.de/ |archive-date=18 Abril 2026 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Miss Universe Germany |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Pálsson |first=Magnús Jochum |date=2 Pebrero 2026 |title=Þær keppa í Ungfrú Ísland 2026 |language=is |trans-title=They are competing in Miss Iceland 2026 |website=Vísir |url=https://www.visir.is/g/20262837776d/thaer-keppa-i-ung-fru-is-land-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203063711/https://www.visir.is/g/20262837776d/thaer-keppa-i-ung-fru-is-land-2026 |archive-date=3 Pebrero 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;MUJAM2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Jackson |first=Kevin |date=4 Marso 2026 |title=New format for Miss Universe Jamaica, organisers opting for parish competitions |language=en |website=Jamaica Observer |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2026/03/04/new-format-miss-universe-jamaica-organisers-opting-parish-competitions/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260304175314/https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2026/03/04/new-format-miss-universe-jamaica-organisers-opting-parish-competitions/ |archive-date=4 Marso 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Wakesho |first=Jael |date=9 Mayo 2026 |title=Miss Universe Kenya 2026 opens doors wide as it drops age, weight, relationship barriers |language=en |website=The Standard |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/entertainment/article/2001547316/miss-universe-kenya-2026-opens-doors-wide-as-it-drops-age-weight-relationship-barriers |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511055319/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/entertainment/article/2001547316/miss-universe-kenya-2026-opens-doors-wide-as-it-drops-age-weight-relationship-barriers |archive-date=11 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=10 Abril 2026 |title=75 дахь удаагийн &quot;Miss Universe&quot; тэмцээнд Монголыг төлөөлөх гоо бүсгүйг шалгаруулна |language=mn |trans-title=Mongolia to be represented at 75th Miss Universe Pageant |website=News.mn |url=https://news.mn/r/2860155/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411042258/https://news.mn/r/2860155/ |archive-date=11 Abril 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=6 Hunyo 2026 |title=Sonte në ekranin e Tv Klan &quot;Miss Universe Albania &amp; Kosovo 2026&quot; |language=sq |trans-title=Tonight on Tv Klan screen &quot;Miss Universe Albania &amp; Kosovo 2026&quot; |website=Televizioni Klan |url=https://tvklan.al/sonte-ne-ekranin-e-tv-klan-miss-universe-albania-dhe-kosova-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607111404/https://tvklan.al/sonte-ne-ekranin-e-tv-klan-miss-universe-albania-dhe-kosova-2026 |archive-date=7 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bumitiw sa kompetisyon sina Quỳnh Anh Nguyễn ng Biyetnam, Eunice Wong ng Malaysia, Vion Erico Tan ng Singapura, at Tharina Botes ng Taylandiya kasama ang mga bansang Indonesya at Laos sa gitna ng alitan sa prangkisa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Santiago |first=Erwin |date=22 Oktubre 2026 |title=MGI pulls six Southeast Asian candidates from Miss Universe 2026 |url=https://www.pep.ph/news/local/194329/six-southeast-asian-candidates-miss-universe-2026-a712-20261022 |access-date=21 Oktubre 2026 |website=PEP.ph |language=tl}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 Oktubre 2026 |title=Miss Universo 2026: seis países de Asia se quedan fuera tras decisión oficial de MGI |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Six Asian countries left out following official decision by MGI |url=https://www.extra.ec/noticia/farandula/miss-universo-2026-seis-paises-asia-quedan-fuera-decision-oficial-mgi-165306.html |access-date=22 Oktubre 2026 |website=Extra.ec|last=Larco Bravo|first=Nadia|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=21 Oktubre 2026 |title=MGI แถลงจุดยืน ไม่ส่ง 'ทารีน่า' และอีก 5 ประเทศ ร่วมประกวด มิสยูนิเวิร์ส 2026 ยันปกป้องศักดิ์ศรี |trans-title=MGI issues a statement: It will not send 'Tharina'—along with representatives from five other countries—to compete in Miss Universe 2026, asserting a commitment to upholding its dignity |url=https://www.matichon.co.th/lifestyle/social-women/news_5942617 |access-date=22 Oktubre 2026 |website=Matichon |language=th}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Hassan|first=Amri|date=21 Oktubre 2026|title=Malaysia Antara Enam Negara Tidak Sertai Miss Universe Ke-75, MGI Utamakan Keselamatan &amp; Maruah Peserta|trans-title=Malaysia Among Six Countries Not Participating in the 75th Miss Universe; MGI Prioritizes Safety and Dignity of Contestants|url=https://gempak.com/hiburan/malaysia-antara-enam-negara-tidak-sertai-miss-universe-ke-75-mgi-utamakan-keselamatan-maruah-peserta|website=Gemapak|language=ms|access-date=22 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumitiw si Anna-Maria Babau ng Bulgarya matapos masangkot sa isang aksidente.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=21 Hulyo 2026 |title=Анна Мария Бабау е „Мис Вселена България 2026&quot; – ще представи страната на 75-ото издание в Пуерто Рико |trans-title=Anna Maria Babau is Miss Universe Bulgaria 2026 – she will represent the country at the 75th edition in Puerto Rico |url=https://town.bg/anna-mariya-babau-e-mis-vselena-balgariya-2026-sthe-predstavi-stranata-na-75-oto-izdanie-v-puerto-riko/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260721131212/https://town.bg/anna-mariya-babau-e-mis-vselena-balgariya-2026-sthe-predstavi-stranata-na-75-oto-izdanie-v-puerto-riko/ |archive-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Town Bulgaria |language=bg}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Javier Díaz|first=Francisco|date=7 Nobyembre 2026|title=Bulgaria queda fuera de Miss Universe tras serio accidente automotriz|trans-title=Bulgaria out of Miss Universe following serious car accident|url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/bulgaria-queda-fuera-de-miss-universe-tras-serio-accidente-automotriz/|url-status=live|website=El Nuevo Día|language=es|access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261107170715/https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/bulgaria-queda-fuera-de-miss-universe-tras-serio-accidente-automotriz/|archive-date=7 Nobyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumitiw si Prayashna Gurung ng Nepal sa personal na dahilan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 Setyembre 2026 |title=Prayashna Gurung becomes Miss Universe Nepal, Binita Oli takes Miss Earth Nepal crown |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/prayashna-gurung-miss-universe.html |access-date=3 Oktubre 2026 |website=OnlineKhabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumitiw si Mubanga Hatyoka ng Sambia dahil sa suliranin sa kaniyang visa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Rubaya |first=Tapiwa |date=16 Mayo 2026 |title=Africa celebrates as Luay Latif is crowned Mr Supranational Zambia |url=https://myafrikamag.com/africa-celebrates-as-luay-latif-is-crowned-mr-supranational-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260516102703/https://myafrikamag.com/africa-celebrates-as-luay-latif-is-crowned-mr-supranational-zambia/ |archive-date=16 Mayo 2026 |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |website=My Afrika Magazine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hindi sumali ang Miss Universe Latina; at mga bansang Baybaying Garing, Emiratos Arabes Unidos, Eslobenya, Mawrisyo, Palestina, at Rwanda sa edisyong ito matapos mabigo ang kanilang mga organisasyong pambansa na magdaos ng kompetisyong pambansa o magtalaga ng kandidata.

Bumitiw si Victoria Amerson ng Austrya matapos masangkot sa isang aksidente.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Bumitiw si Marian Madly ng Kolektibidad ng San Martin sa personal na dahilan. Bumitiw si Thandi Chisi si Malawi dahil sa mga suliraning pinansyal at pang-organisasyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=5 Setyembre 2026 |title=Revealed: Why Miss Malawi Thandie Chisi walked away from Miss Universe dream - Entertainment News Malawi |url=https://www.nyasatimes.com/miss-malawi-pulls-out-of-miss-universe-bid-after-months-of-unresolved-issues-with-pageant-bosses-thandie-chisi-says-she-lost-confidence-in-organisers-ability-to-send-her-to-the-global-pageant-a/ |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Nyasa Times |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumitiw rin si Zoulahatou Amadou ng Niher matapos mapagdesisyunan na lalahok siya sa ibang internasyonal na patimpalak.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Bumitiw si Aminath Yuin Mohamed ng Maldibas upang pagtuunan ang kaniyang pag-aaral.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Prima |first=Berkat |date=25 Hunyo 2026 |title=Maladewa Bakal Comeback di Miss Universe 2026, Wakilnya Berhijab! |language=id |trans-title=The Maldives Will Make a Comeback at Miss Universe 2026, with a Hijab-Worshipping Representative! |website=IDN Times |editor=Kurniawan |editor-first=Wahyu |url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/maladewa-bakal-comeback-di-miss-universe-2026-wakilnya-berhijab-c1c2-01-l8vsm-l2pshq |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260624214236/https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/maladewa-bakal-comeback-di-miss-universe-2026-wakilnya-berhijab-c1c2-01-l8vsm-l2pshq |archive-date=24 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rasheed |first=Zain |date=26 Hunyo 2026 |title=New Queen Crowned: Aminath Yuin Named Miss Universe Maldives 2026 |url=https://sukunplay.com/en/article/15466 |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |website=Sukun Play |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==== Pagbubukod sa mga bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya sa kompetisyon ====
Noong Setyembre 2026, nagkaroon ng alitan sa pagitan ng mga grupong namamahala sa Miss Universe Organization na nakaapekto sa kuwalipikasyon ng mga kinatawan mula sa anim na bansa sa [[Timog-silangang Asya]] para sa edisyong ito: Biyetnam, Indonesya, Laos, Malaysia, Singapura, at Taylandiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=Thailand at heart of Miss Universe turmoil |language=en |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/3321995/thailand-at-heart-of-miss-universe-turmoil |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=MUO declares six nations’ delegates ineligible for Miss Universe 2026 |url=https://www.nationthailand.com/news/general/40071208 |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=The Nation |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nagsimula ang alitan sa magkasalungat na posisyon tungkol sa bisa ng mga kasunduan sa pambansang prangkisa na hawak ng Miss Universe Eastern Pte. Ltd., na pinamumunuan ni Nawat Itsaragrisil, at ng mga pambansang may-hawak ng prangkisa sa mga naturang bansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe Organization says 6 countries barred from 75th competition amid franchise dispute |language=en |work=[[GMA News Online]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/1002825/miss-universe-organization-says-6-countries-barred-from-75th-competition-amid-franchise-dispute/story/ |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Purnell |first=Kristofer |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe eligibility of 6 SEA delegates in limbo after new Nawat Itsaragrisil clash |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2026/09/18/2557164/miss-universe-eligibility-6-sea-delegates-limbo-after-new-nawat-itsaragrisil-clash |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=[[Philippine Star]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

Noong 18 Setyembre 2026, inihayag ng Miss Universe Organization na gumagamit ng pangalang JKN Universe LLC, na hindi nito kinikilala ang mga kasunduan sa prangkisa at lisensya na sinasabing pinasok ng Miss Universe Eastern at mga entidad na kaugnay kay Itsaragrisil. Ayon sa pahayag, walang kapangyarihan ang Miss Universe Eastern na magbigay, maglipat, o magtalaga ng mga karapatan sa tatak ng Miss Universe dahil wala itong umiiral na kasunduan sa prangkisa at lisensya o iba pang mga legal na instrumento sa paglilisensya sa JKN Universe LLC. Dahil dito, inihayag ng organisasyon na ang mga kasunduan para sa Biyetnam, Indonesya, Laos, Malaysia, Singapura, at Taylandiya ay hindi awtorisado at hindi kikilalanin, at ang mga kinatawan ng mga bansang ito ay hindi magiging kuwalipikadong lumahok sa kompetisyon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yasmin |first=Shahana |date=21 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe says six Southeast Asian contestants cannot compete in 2026 pageant |url=https://www.the-independent.com/life-style/miss-universe-southeast-asia-2026-pageant-b3053567.html |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 Setyembre 2026 |title=Thai pageant director insists 6 nations, including S’pore, remain eligible for Miss Universe 2026 |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/life/singapore-among-6-nations-declared-ineligible-for-miss-universe-2026-over-franchise-dispute |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |issn=0585-3923}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sa kasalukuyan, apat sa mga pinag-aagawang prangkisa ang nakapili na ng mga kinatawan para sa kompetisyon: Quỳnh Anh Nguyễn ng Biyetnam,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anh |first=Thạch |date=3 Oktubre 2026 |title=Nguyễn Quỳnh Anh đăng quang Miss Universe Vietnam 2026 |trans-title=Nguyen Quynh Anh crowned Miss Universe Vietnam 2026 |url=https://thanhnien.vn/nguyen-quynh-anh-dang-quang-miss-universe-vietnam-2026-18526100222363228.htm |access-date=3 Oktubre 2026 |website=Báo Thanh Niên |language=vi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eunice Wong ng Malaysia,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=At 37, businesswoman Eunice Wong takes Miss Universe Malaysia crown, heads to Puerto Rico|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2026/10/03/at-37-businesswoman-eunice-wong-takes-miss-universe-malaysia-crown-heads-to-puerto-rico/237508|url-status=live|website=Malay Mail|date=3 Oktubre 2026|access-date=15 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261003065141/https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2026/10/03/at-37-businesswoman-eunice-wong-takes-miss-universe-malaysia-crown-heads-to-puerto-rico/237508|archive-date=3 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vion Erico Tan ng Singapura,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Chia |first=Elisa |date=15 Oktubre 2026 |title=Miss Universe Singapore 2026 set to compete in Puerto Rico finals as franchise dispute appears to clear |url=https://www.asiaone.com/lifestyle/miss-universe-singapore-2026 |access-date=16 Oktubre 2026 |website=AsiaOne |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; at Tharina Botes ng Taylandiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=23 Agosto 2026 |title=สมมง &quot;ทารีน่า โบเทส&quot; คว้าตำแหน่ง Miss Universe Thailand 2026 |language=th |trans-title=Tharina Botes wins the crown as Miss Universe Thailand 2026 |website=PPTV HD 36 |url=https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87/282063 |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260823155559/https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87/282063 |archive-date=23 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Enriquez |first=Em |date=23 Setyembre 2026 |title=6 Southeast Asian Countries Might Be Barred from Miss Universe 2026 |url=https://www.preview.ph/culture/entertainment/southeast-asian-countries-barred-miss-universe-nawat-itsaragrisil-a4958-20260923-bsc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261017142130/https://www.preview.ph/culture/entertainment/southeast-asian-countries-barred-miss-universe-nawat-itsaragrisil-a4958-20260923-bsc?__cf_chl_rt_tk=ouuty092lfYQPbq6PuaYeCDBSzsuc3kR56na5GrylS4-1792246890-1.0.1.1-o29q8JgCwZsvYjTfw3WS7HsjVVE3gSe2bxLal8BK.jU |archive-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |access-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |website=Preview Philippines |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gabinete |first=Jojo |date=3 Oktubre 2026 |title=Nawat Itsaragrisil defies MUO; says Vietnam will join Miss Universe 2026 |url=https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/cabinet-files/194089/nawat-itsaragrisil-defies-muo-vietnam-miss-universe-2026-a734-20261003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261003091415/https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/cabinet-files/194089/nawat-itsaragrisil-defies-muo-vietnam-miss-universe-2026-a734-20261003 |archive-date=3 Oktubre 2026 |access-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |website=PEP.ph |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=17 Oktubre 2026 |title=Vietnam, 5 other SE Asian representatives absent from Miss Universe 2026 contestant list |url=https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-5-other-se-asian-representatives-absent-from-miss-universe-2026-contestant-list-103261017164636891.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261017143159/https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-5-other-se-asian-representatives-absent-from-miss-universe-2026-contestant-list-103261017164636891.htm |archive-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |access-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |website=Tuổi Trẻ |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tumanggi si Day na tukuyin kung paano tutugon ang organisasyon sakaling subukang lumahok sa kompetisyon ang mga kandidatang pinili ng mga prangkisang pinagtatalunan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Figueroa Roqué|first=Jan|date=14 Oktubre 2026|title=CEO de Miss Universe anticipa casi una docena de eventos masivos en Puerto Rico|trans-title=Miss Universe CEO anticipates nearly a dozen large-scale events in Puerto Rico|url=https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/ceo-de-miss-universe-anticipa-casi-una-docena-de-eventos-masivos-en-puerto-rico/article_76541c5a-6dd9-43f0-83cc-39568df88421.html|url-status=live|website=El Vocero|language=es|access-date=17 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261017083406/https://www.elvocero.com/escenario/ceo-de-miss-universe-anticipa-casi-una-docena-de-eventos-masivos-en-puerto-rico/article_76541c5a-6dd9-43f0-83cc-39568df88421.html|archive-date=17 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Thành|first=Vinh|date=16 Oktubre 2026|title=CEO Miss Universe ra tuyên bố mới: Cơ hội dự thi của Quỳnh Anh tại Puerto Rico bị lung lay|trans-title=Miss Universe CEO issues new statement: Quynh Anh's opportunity to compete in Puerto Rico is now in jeopardy|url=https://baonghean.vn/ceo-miss-universe-ra-tuyen-bo-moi-co-hoi-du-thi-cua-quynh-anh-tai-puerto-rico-bi-lung-lay-10353631.html|url-status=live|website=Nghệ An|language=vi|access-date=17 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261017082337/https://baonghean.vn/ceo-miss-universe-ra-tuyen-bo-moi-co-hoi-du-thi-cua-quynh-anh-tai-puerto-rico-bi-lung-lay-10353631.html|archive-date=17 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Itinanggi ng Miss Universe Eastern na kumakatawan ang pahayag ng Miss Universe Organization sa pangkalahatang posisyon ng mga may-ari ng Miss Universe. Ayon sa Miss Universe Eastern, pagmamay-ari ang JKN Universe LLC sa pamamagitan ng 50:50 na estruktura sa pagitan ng Miss Universe Eastern at Miss Universe Western sa ilalim ng JKN Legacy Inc. Sa ilalim ng &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;Hemisphere Agreement&lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;, ang Miss Universe Eastern ang may eksklusibong karapatang patakbuhin at pamahalaan ang tatak sa 95 teritoryo sa silangang hemispero, kabilang ang Biyetnam, Indonesya, Laos, Malaysia, Singapura, at Taylandiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Shirley |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe faces new crisis two months before final; 6 contestants caught in the dispute |url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260918924217/miss-universe-new-crisis-before-final-6-contestants-dispute/ |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=Hola! USA |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=18 Setyembre 2026 |title=Nawat Itsaragrisil’s Miss Universe license agreement in jeopardy |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/684102/nawat-itsaragrisils-miss-universe-license-agreement-in-jeopardy |access-date=22 Setyembre 2026 |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dahil dito, iginiit nitong may karapatan silang magpadala ng anim na kandidata mula sa mga naturang bansa sa edisyong ito, at hindi dapat maapektuhan ang paglahok ng mga kandidata sa panloob na alitan na dapat lutasin sa legal na pamamaraan. Gayunpaman, noong 21 Oktubre 2026, inanunsyo ng Miss Grand International Organization na hindi na nila ipapadala ang mga kandidata mula sa anim na bansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=21 Oktubre 2026 |title=Quynh Anh will not be allowed to compete in Miss Universe 2026. |url=https://www.vietnam.vn/en/quynh-anh-khong-duoc-thi-miss-universe-2026 |access-date=21 Oktubre 2026 |website=Vietnam.vn |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga kandidata ==
Ang mga sumusunod na kandidata ay kumpirmadong lalahok:&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 Oktubre 2026 |title=Miss Universe 2026: conoce aquí a las candidatas |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Meet the candidates here |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/fotogalerias/miss-universe-2026-conoce-aqui-a-las-candidatas/ |access-date=22 Oktubre 2026 |website=El Nuevo Día |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 95%;&quot;
!Bansa/Teritoryo
!Kandidata
!Edad{{efn|Mga edad sa panahon ng kompetisyon|group=A}}
!Bayan
|-
|{{flagdeco|ALB}} [[Albanya]]
|{{sortname|Jogersa|Beqiri|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=7 Hunyo 2026 |title=Jorgesa Beqiri dhe Evisa Pacolli fituese të &quot;Miss Universe Albania &amp; Kosova 2026&quot;, spektakli magjik në TV Klan |language=sq |trans-title=Jorgesa Beqiri and Evisa Pacolli winners of &quot;Miss Universe Albania &amp; Kosovo 2026&quot;, the magical spectacle on TV Klan |website=Televizioni Klan |url=https://tvklan.al/lajme-tv-klan-7-qershor-2026-ora-0040 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607133643/https://tvklan.al/lajme-tv-klan-7-qershor-2026-ora-0040 |archive-date=7 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Shkodër
|-
|{{flagdeco|DEU}} [[Alemanya]]
|{{sortname|Celina|Weil|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wessel |first=Julian Simon |date=4 Oktubre 2026 |title=Vom Dorf in die große Welt: Celina Weil ist Miss Universe Germany |trans-title=From village to the big world: Celina Weil is Miss Universe Germany |url=https://www.hna.de/hessen/mit-krone-in-rockenberg-wetterauerin-celina-weil-ist-miss-universe-germany-94523056.html |access-date=5 Oktubre 2026 |website=Hessische/Niedersächsische Allgemeine |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Rockenberg
|-
|{{flagdeco|ANG}} [[Angola|Anggola]]
|{{sortname|Wanderléia|Rodrigues}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Pedro |first=Francisco |date=1 Disyembre 2025 |title=Wanderleia Rodrigues eleita Miss Angola edição 2025 |language=pt |trans-title=Wanderleia Rodrigues elected Miss Angola 2025 |website=Jornal de Angola |url=https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/noticias/3/sociedade/653334/wanderleia-rodrigues-eleita--miss-angola-edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o-2025 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260722010929/https://www.jornaldeangola.ao/noticias/3/sociedade/653334/wanderleia-rodrigues-eleita--miss-angola-edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o-2025|archive-date=22 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|Cuanza Norte
|-
|{{flagdeco|ARG}} [[:en:Miss_Argentina|Argentina]]
|{{sortname|Daiana |Pereyra|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Díaz |first=Francisco Javier |date=16 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Universe Argentina renuncia inesperadamente |trans-title=Miss Universe Argentina resigns unexpectedly |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/miss-universe-argentina-renuncia-inesperadamente/ |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=El Nuevo Día |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|Posadas
|-
|{{flagdeco|ARM}} [[Armenya]]
|{{sortname|Arena|Zeynalian|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=6 Setyembre 2026 |title=Candidatas a Miss Universo 2026 de Asia y Oceanía, a las que se enfrenta la ecuatoriana Dalia Bucaram |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026 candidates from Asia and Oceania, among whom Ecuadorian Dalia Bucaram will compete |url=https://www.primicias.ec/entretenimiento/candidatas-miss-universo2026-asia-oceania-australia-candidatas-dalia-bucaram-131939/ |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Primicias}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|33
|[[Teheran]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|ABW}} [[Aruba]]
|{{sortname|Elizabeth |Johnson|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Felix |date=2026-08-31 |title=E simpatica Elizabeth Johnson corona como Miss Universe Aruba 2026 |url=https://diario.aw/categories/noticia/general/e-simpatica-elizabeth-johnson-corona-como-miss-universe-aruba-2026 |access-date=2026-09-18 |website=Diario Online |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Oranjestad
|-
|{{flagdeco|AUS}} [[Australya]]
|{{sortname|Caitlin|Worthington|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=George|first=Owen|date=26 Agosto 2026|title=Caitlin Worthington Crowned Miss Universe Australia 2026|url=https://gcmag.com.au/caitlin-worthington-crowned-miss-universe-australia-2026/|url-status=live|website=Gold Coast Magazine|access-date=30 Agosto 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826120000/https://gcmag.com.au/caitlin-worthington-crowned-miss-universe-australia-2026/|archive-date=26 Agosto 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|[[Brisbane]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|BHS}} [[Bahamas]]
|{{sortname|Shawndra |Henfield|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Moss |first=Shavaughn |date=24 Hulyo 2026 |title=Shawndra Henfield crowned Miss Universe Bahamas 2026 |language=en |website=The Nassau Guardian |url=https://www.thenassauguardian.com/lifestyles/shawndra-henfield-crowned-miss-universe-bahamas-2026/article_f25dd91c-d6d5-40ad-8b42-510052a48739.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260724121624/https://www.thenassauguardian.com/lifestyles/shawndra-henfield-crowned-miss-universe-bahamas-2026/article_f25dd91c-d6d5-40ad-8b42-510052a48739.html |archive-date=24 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Exuma
|-
|{{flagdeco|BGD}} [[Bangladesh|Bangglades]]
|{{sortname|Samira|Mahi|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=8 Nobyembre 2026|title=Samira Khan Mahi to represent Bangladesh at Miss Universe 2026|url=https://en.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/197626.details|url-status=live|website=Banglanews24.com|access-date=8 Nobyembre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261108045148/https://en.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/197626.details|archive-date=8 Nobyembre 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|Lakshmipur
|-
|{{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belhika]]
|{{sortname|Olga |Lombardo|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lierde |first=Morgane Van |date=22 Pebrero 2026 |orig-date=21 Pebrero 2026 |title=Voici qui est la nouvelle Miss Belgique 2026 |trans-title=Voici qui est la nouvelle Miss Belgique 2026 |url=https://www.lalibre.be/lifestyle/2026/02/21/voici-qui-est-la-nouvelle-miss-belgique-2026-6F4IMPJO25EGTLSRQWY4LRG5XY/ |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=La Libre |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|Leuven
|-
|{{flagdeco|BLZ}} [[Belise|Belis]]
|{{sortname|Caleigh-Rose|West|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Caleigh-Rose West crowned Miss Universe Belize 2026|url=https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2026/08/16/caleigh-rose-west-crowned-miss-universe-belize-2026/|website=Breaking Belize News|date=16 Agosto 2026|access-date=17 Agosto 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Lungsod ng Belis
|-
|{{flagdeco|VEN}} [[Venezuela|Beneswela]]
|{{sortname|Clara|Vegas|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sequeiros |first=Judith |date=4 Disyembre 2025 |title=Clara Vegas es la nueva Miss Venezuela y representará al país en el Miss Universe 2026 en Puerto Rico |language=es |trans-title=Clara Vegas is the new Miss Venezuela and will represent the country at Miss Universe 2026 in Puerto Rico |website=La República |url=https://larepublica.pe/entretenimiento/2025/12/04/clara-vegas-fue-coronada-como-miss-venezuela-2025-y-representara-al-pais-en-el-miss-universe-2026-en-puerto-rico-295212 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205035617/https://larepublica.pe/entretenimiento/2025/12/04/clara-vegas-fue-coronada-como-miss-venezuela-2025-y-representara-al-pais-en-el-miss-universe-2026-en-puerto-rico-295212 |archive-date=5 Disyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Chacao
|-
|{{flagdeco|BLR}} [[Biyelorusya]]
|{{sortname|Aliya |Karotkaya|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Yakimuk|first=Augustine|date=30 Agosto 2026|title=Чым цяпер займаюцца дзяўчаты, якіх летась назвалі самымі прыгожымі ў Беларусі?|trans-title=What are the young women who were named the most beautiful in Belarus last year doing now?|url=https://nashaniva.com/403365|url-status=live|website=Nasha Niva|language=be|access-date=5 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260830150449/https://nashaniva.com/403365|archive-date=30 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Minsk]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|Bonaire}} [[Bonaire]]
|{{sortname|Caroline|Porras|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Hofstra |first=Hans |date=5 Hulyo 2026 |title=Caroline Porras wint Miss Universe Bonaire 2026 |language=nl |trans-title=Caroline Porras wins Miss Universe Bonaire 2026 |website=Bonaire.nu |url=https://www.bonaire.nu/nieuws/evenementen/92089/caroline-porras-wint-miss-universe-bonaire-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260705160743/https://www.bonaire.nu/nieuws/evenementen/92089/caroline-porras-wint-miss-universe-bonaire-2026 |archive-date=5 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Antriol
|-
|{{flagdeco|BOT}} [[Botswana]]
|{{sortname|Dabilo|Moses|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 Pebrero 2026 |title=Moses crown without the catwalk |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/89848 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Daily News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|[[Gaborone]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|BRA}} [[Brazil|Brasil]]
|{{sortname|Marcella |Kozinski|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=26 Hulyo 2026 |title=Marcella Kozinski é coroada Miss Universe Brasil 2026 |trans-title=Marcella Kozinski is crowned Miss Universe Brazil 2026 |url=https://record.r7.com/miss-universe-brasil/marcella-kozinski-e-coroada-miss-universe-brasil-2026-26072026/ |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |website=Record |language=pt-BR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|[[Curitiba]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|VGB}} [[Britanikong Kapuluang Birhenes]]
|{{sortname|Orealia|Thomas|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Orealia Thomas Is Miss Universe BVI 2026|url=https://www.bviplatinum.com/news/orealia-thomas-is-miss-universe-bvi-2026|url-status=live|website=Virgin Islands Platinum News|date=23 Setyembre 2026|access-date=3 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260924123900/https://www.bviplatinum.com/news/orealia-thomas-is-miss-universe-bvi-2026|archive-date=24 Setyembre 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Santo Tomas
|-
|{{flagdeco|BOL}} [[Bolivia|Bulibya]]
|{{sortname|Valeria |Mena|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 July 2026 |title=¡Tenemos nueva reina! Valeria Mena, Miss Oruro, es coronada Miss Bolivia Universo 2026 |trans-title=We have a new queen! Valeria Mena, Miss Oruro, is crowned Miss Bolivia Universe 2026 |url=https://www.reduno.com.bo/miss-bolivia-2026/tenemos-nueva-reina-valeria-mena-miss-oruro-es-coronada-miss-bolivia-universo-2026-2026725231012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260726032417/https://www.reduno.com.bo/miss-bolivia-2026/miss-residentes-japon-conquista-la-corona-de-miss-bolivia-internacional-2026-202672522947 |archive-date=26 July 2026 |access-date=26 July 2026 |website=[[Red Uno de Bolivia]] |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|Oruro
|-
|{{flagdeco|CPV}} [[Cabo Verde]]
|{{sortname|Armandina|Cunha|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 Agosto 2026 |title=Armandina Cunha eleita Miss Universe Cabo Verde |trans-title=Armandina Cunha elected Miss Universe Cape Verde |url=https://ilhas.li/aS5d |access-date=17 Agosto 2026 |website=Expresso das Ilhas |language=pt}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|São Vicente
|-
|{{flagdeco|CRI}} [[Costa Rica]]
|{{sortname|María Alejandra|Acosta|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Chinchilla Marín |first=Hillary |date=5 Hunyo 2026 |title=Mariale Acosta es la nueva Miss Universe Costa Rica 2026: así se vivió la gala dorada |language=es |trans-title=Mariale Acosta is the new Miss Universe Costa Rica 2026: this is how the golden gala was experienced |website=La Teja |url=https://www.lateja.cr/teleguia/farandula/mariale-acosta-es-la-nueva-miss-universe-costa/GN76W6NETZCYXFNUMXTKOGEJHE/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260606060337/https://www.lateja.cr/teleguia/farandula/mariale-acosta-es-la-nueva-miss-universe-costa/GN76W6NETZCYXFNUMXTKOGEJHE/story/ |archive-date=6 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Heredia
|-
|{{flagdeco|CUR}} [[Curaçao]]
|{{sortname|Bianty|Gomperts|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=27 Hulyo 2026 |title=Bianty Rojer Gomperts ta e Miss Universe Curaçao 2026 |language=pt |trans-title=Bianty Rojer Gomperts is crowned Miss Universe Curaçao 2026 today |website=NoticiaCla |url=https://www.noticiacla.com/news/38733/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260727153147/https://www.noticiacla.com/news/38733/ |archive-date=27 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|Amerikanenkamp
|-
|{{flagdeco|COD}} [[Demokratikong Republika ng Congo|Demokratikong Republika ng Konggo]]
|{{sortname|Jessi|Kalambayi|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 Hulyo 2026 |title=Culture : le Fonds de Promotion culturelle félicite Jessi Kalambayi, élue « Miss Universe » RDC 2026 |trans-title=Culture: The Cultural Promotion Fund congratulates Jessi Kalambayi, elected &quot;Miss Universe&quot; DRC 2026 |url=https://acp.cd/culture/culture-le-fonds-de-promotion-culturelle-felicite-jessi-kalambayi-elue-miss-universe-rdc-2026/ |access-date=21 Hulyo 2026 |website=Agence Congolaise de Presse |language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|[[Kinshasa]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|DNK}} [[Dinamarka]]
|{{sortname|Fie Rose|Lindegaard|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=10 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Universe Canadá 2025 se despide de su corona con su bebé en brazos |language=es |trans-title=Miss Universe Canada 2025 bids farewell to her crown with her baby in her arms |website=El Nuevo Día |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/miss-universe-canada-2025-se-despide-de-su-corona-con-su-bebe-en-brazos/ |url-status=live |access-date=13 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260810014113/https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/miss-universe-canada-2025-se-despide-de-su-corona-con-su-bebe-en-brazos/ |archive-date=10 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Copenhague]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|EGY}} [[Ehipto]]
|{{sortname|Sonia|Gergis|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adina|first=Armin P.|date=18 Agosto 2026|title=Filipino Miss Universe licensee Josh Yugen picks Egypt’s bet anew|url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/680855/filipino-miss-universe-licensee-josh-yugen-picks-egypts-bet-anew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260821171537/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/680855/filipino-miss-universe-licensee-josh-yugen-picks-egypts-bet-anew|archive-date=21 Agosto 2026|access-date=30 Agosto 2026|website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|[[Cairo]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|ECU}} [[Ecuador|Ekwador]]
|{{sortname|Dalia|Bucaram|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=15 Agosto 2026 |title=Dalia Bucaram es la ganadora de Miss Universo Ecuador 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Dalia Bucaram is the winner of Miss Universe Ecuador 2026 |website=Primicias |url=https://www.primicias.ec/entretenimiento/dalia-bucaram-miss-universo-ecuador-ganadora-corona-final-130393/ |access-date=17 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|Guayaquil
|-
|{{flagdeco|SLV}} [[El Salvador]]
|{{sortname|Sofía|Córdova|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Figueroa |first=Lissette |date=28 Hunyo 2026 |title=Sofía Córdova es Miss Universo El Salvador 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Sofía Córdova is Miss Universe El Salvador 2026 |website=El Diario de Hoy |url=https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/escena/ganadora-miss-universo-el-salvador/1280793/2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260629051045/https://www.elsalvador.com/entretenimiento/escena/ganadora-miss-universo-el-salvador/1280793/2026/ |archive-date=29 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[San Salvador]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|SVK}} [[Slovakia|Eslobakya]]
|{{sortname|Anna|Ličková|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=17 Hunyo 2026 |title=Obrovský triumf odmietnutej finalistky z Ruže pre nevestu: Vyhrala Miss Universe Slovensko! |language=sk |trans-title=Huge triumph of the rejected finalist from A Rose for the Bride: She won Miss Universe Slovakia! |website=Koktejl |url=https://koktejl.azet.sk/clanok/WyZ9vCt/obrovsky-triumf-odmietnutej-finalistky-z-ruze-pre-nevestu-vyhrala-miss-universe-slovensko/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617082300/https://koktejl.azet.sk/clanok/WyZ9vCt/obrovsky-triumf-odmietnutej-finalistky-z-ruze-pre-nevestu-vyhrala-miss-universe-slovensko/ |archive-date=17 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Martin
|-
|{{flagdeco|ESP}} [[Espanya]]
|{{sortname|Susana|Medina|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Viera |first=Briseida |date=20 Hulyo 2026 |title=Susana Medina, la grancanaria que alza la corona de Miss Universe Spain 2026 |trans-title=Susana Medina, the Gran Canarian who claims the Miss Universe Spain 2026 crown. |url=https://www.laprovincia.es/canarias/2026/07/20/susana-medina-grancanaria-conquista-corona-dv-132623842.html |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |website=La Provincia - Diario de Las Palmas |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Las Palmas
|-
|{{flagdeco|USA}} [[Estados Unidos]]
|{{sortname|Justus|Kelley}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Parent |first=Tabitha |date=27 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss USA 2026 Crowns Miss Virginia as Winner, Marking First Mom to Win Pageant |url=https://people.com/miss-usa-crowns-new-winner-at-2026-pageant-12064861 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827123800/https://people.com/miss-usa-crowns-new-winner-at-2026-pageant-12064861 |archive-date=27 Agosto 2026 |access-date=30 Agosto 2026 |website=People |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|Arlington
|-
|{{flagdeco|EST}} [[Estonya]]
|{{sortname|Emili|Denneng|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=27 Agosto 2026 |title=ФОТО ⟩ Эмили из небольшого эстонского города представит страну на 75-м конкурсе «Мисс Вселенная» |trans-title=PHOTO ⟩ Emili from a small town in Estonia will represent the country at the 75th Miss Universe pageant |url=https://limon.postimees.ee/8534975/foto-emili-iz-nebolshogo-estonskogo-goroda-predstavit-stranu-na-75-m-konkurse-miss-vselennaya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827131245/https://limon.postimees.ee/8534975/foto-emili-iz-nebolshogo-estonskogo-goroda-predstavit-stranu-na-75-m-konkurse-miss-vselennaya |archive-date=27 Agosto 2026 |access-date=30 Agosto 2026 |website=Limon |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Pärnu
|-
|{{flagdeco|ETH}} [[Ethiopia|Etiyopiya]]
|{{sortname|Bruk|Belete|nolink=nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;ETH&amp;DEU&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Four Crowns, Three New Queens, One Remarkable Night in Bern|url=https://musecast.ch/community/four-crowns-three-queens-bern-miss-universe-2026|url-status=live|website=Musecast|access-date=5 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260927195119/https://musecast.ch/community/four-crowns-three-queens-bern-miss-universe-2026|archive-date=27 Setyembre 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|[[Madrid]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|GHA}} [[Ghana|Gana]]
|{{sortname|Belvy Naa |Ofori|nolink=nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Lartey|first=Winifred|date=10 Oktubre 2026|title=Miss Universe Ghana 2026 eyes global stage to inspire girls, champion women's empowerment|url=https://asaaseradio.com/miss-universe-ghana-2026-eyes-global-stage-to-inspire-girls-champion-womens-empowerment/|url-status=live|website=Asaase Radio|access-date=15 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261011121424/https://asaaseradio.com/miss-universe-ghana-2026-eyes-global-stage-to-inspire-girls-champion-womens-empowerment/|archive-date=11 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|33
|[[Accra]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|GNQ}} [[Gineang Ekwatoriyal]]
|{{sortname|Isabel|Mbomio|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Nguema Eyenga |first=Jovina Mikue |date=20 Setyembre 2026 |title=¡Centro Sur se corona por partida doble: Evinayong y Niefang conquistan Miss Guinea Ecuatorial 2026! |trans-title=Centro Sur takes a double crown: Evinayong and Niefang win Miss Equatorial Guinea 2026! |url=https://mofuen.com/2026/09/20/centro-sur-se-corona-por-partida-doble-evinayong-y-niefang-conquistan-miss-guinea-ecuatorial-2026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260920165132/https://mofuen.com/2026/09/20/centro-sur-se-corona-por-partida-doble-evinayong-y-niefang-conquistan-miss-guinea-ecuatorial-2026/ |archive-date=20 Setyembre 2026 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=Mofueñ |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Evinayong
|-
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Great Britain|Gran Britanya]]
|{{sortname|Angela|Aumonier|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Rodríguez Caraballo |first=Harry |date=12 Hulyo 2026 |title=Miss Universo 2026: Dos filipinas buscarán coronarse en Puerto Rico |language=es |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Two Filipinas will seek to be crowned in Puerto Rico |website=Metro Puerto Rico |url=https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2026/07/12/miss-universo-2026-dos-filipinas-buscaran-coronarse-en-puerto-rico/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260712203620/https://www.metro.pr/entretenimiento/2026/07/12/miss-universo-2026-dos-filipinas-buscaran-coronarse-en-puerto-rico/ |archive-date=12 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Douglas
|-
|{{flagdeco|GRE}} [[Gresya]]
|{{sortname|Olivia|Vasilopoulos|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Melbourne to Miss Universe: Olivia Vassilopoulos crowned Miss Universe Greece 2026|url=https://neoskosmos.com/en/2026/09/26/news/australia/melbourne-to-miss-universe-olivia-vassilopoulos-crowned-miss-universe-greece-2026/|url-status=live|website=Neos Kosmos|date=26 Setyembre 2026|access-date=28 Setyembre 2026|archive-url=https://perma.cc/M5SH-4UFR?url=https%3A%2F%2Fneoskosmos.com%2Fen%2F2026%2F09%2F26%2Fnews%2Faustralia%2Fmelbourne-to-miss-universe-olivia-vassilopoulos-crowned-miss-universe-greece-2026%2F&amp;ts=20260926072718|archive-date=2026-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Mytilene
|-
|{{flagicon|GLP|variant=local}} [[Guadalupe (Pransya)|Guadalupe]]
|{{sortname|Chloé|Deher|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Devriese |first=Emmanuelle |date=11 Enero 2026 |title=Miss Univers Guadeloupe : &quot;Suis-je un être infâme ?&quot;, Ophély Mézino évincée de son titre, elle prend la parole |trans-title=Miss Universe Guadeloupe: &quot;Am I a despicable being?&quot;, Ophély Mézino stripped of her title, she speaks out |url=https://www.aufeminin.com/people/miss-univers-guadeloupe-suis-je-un-etre-infame-ophely-mezino-evincee-de-son-titre-elle-prend-la-parole-2692003.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111232608/https://www.aufeminin.com/people/miss-univers-guadeloupe-suis-je-un-etre-infame-ophely-mezino-evincee-de-son-titre-elle-prend-la-parole-2692003.html |archive-date=11 Enero 2026 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Aufeminin |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|Terre-de-Haut
|-
|{{flagdeco|GIN}} [[Guinea|Guniya]]
|{{sortname|Justine|Kamara|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Diallo |first=Abdoul Malick |date=12 Setyembre 2026 |title=Miss Univers 2026 : ancienne 4e dauphine Miss France 2017, Justine Kamara représentera la Guinée |trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Former 4th runner-up Miss France 2017, Justine Kamara will represent Guinea |url=https://www.guinee360.com/12/09/2026/miss-univers-2026-ancienne-4e-dauphine-miss-france-2017-justine-kamara-representera-la-guinee/ |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=Guinee360 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|Nancy
|-
|{{flagdeco|GUA}} [[Guatemala|Guwatemala]]
|{{sortname|Adelina |Castillo|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Peña |first=Yesica |date=9 Agosto 2026 |title=María Castillo conquista la corona y se convierte en Miss Universo Guatemala 2026 |language=es-ES |trans-title=María Castillo wins the crown and becomes Miss Universe Guatemala 2026 |work=La Hora |url=https://lahora.gt/lh-bienestar/ypena/2026/08/08/maria-castillo-conquista-la-corona-y-se-convierte-en-miss-universo-guatemala-2026/ |access-date=9 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260809081755/https://lahora.gt/lh-bienestar/ypena/2026/08/08/maria-castillo-conquista-la-corona-y-se-convierte-en-miss-universo-guatemala-2026/ |archive-date=9 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Sacatepéquez
|-
|{{flagdeco|GUY}} [[Guyana]]
|{{sortname|Angel |Bhathal|nolink=1}}
|39
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|JAM}} [[Jamaica|Hamayka]]
|{{sortname|Celene|Hall|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Kevin |date=25 Agosto 2026 |title=Celene Hall takes Miss Universe Jamaica 2026 crown |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/2026/08/25/celene-hall-takes-miss-universe-jamaica-2026-crown/ |access-date=30 Agosto 2026 |website=Jamaica Observer |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Portland
|-
|{{flagdeco|JPN}} [[Hapon]]
|{{sortname|Sayuki|Ito|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=23 Hunyo 2026 |title=日本代表に福岡の伊藤さゆきさん　ミス・ユニバース |trans-title=Sayuki Ito from Fukuoka has been selected to represent Japan at the Miss Universe pageant |url=https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/cd71aa328ca91a7a5135d567d5f09715a151303f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260623164937/https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/cd71aa328ca91a7a5135d567d5f09715a151303f |archive-date=23 Hunyo 2026 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=Yahoo! Japan |language=ja}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|[[Fukuoka]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|HAI}} [[Haiti|Hayti]]
|{{sortname|Tatenda|Rameau|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Shirley |date=26 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Haiti crowns the wrong contestant in shocking 2026 mix-up |url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260826920181/miss-haiti-crowns-wrong-contestant/ |access-date=30 Agosto 2026 |website=Hola! USA |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|[[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|HON}} [[Honduras]]
|{{sortname|Luisa|Pineda|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=12 Setyembre 2026 |title=Luisa Pineda gana la corona de Miss Universo Honduras 2026 |trans-title=Luisa Pineda wins the Miss Honduras Universe 2026 crown |url=https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/luisa-pineda-gana-la-corona-de-miss-honduras-universo-2026-HA32013501 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260912034600/https://www.laprensa.hn/espectaculos/luisa-pineda-gana-la-corona-de-miss-honduras-universo-2026-HA32013501 |archive-date=12 Setyembre 2026 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=La Prensa |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|San Francisco de Yojoa
|-
|{{flagdeco|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]]
|{{sortname|Jennifer|Zhou|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=19 Setyembre 2026 |title=環姐港區2026{{!}}周婷棄港姐轉戰場強勢奪冠 亞軍梁藝齡感謝「契媽」楊小娟力撐 梁聖童獲季軍後最想除高踭鞋貼地 |language=zh-Hant |trans-title=Miss Universe Hong Kong 2026 {{!}} Zhou Ting pivots from Miss Hong Kong to clinch a commanding victory; runner-up Leung Ngai-ling thanks her godmother, Yeung Siu-kuen, for the strong support; third-place winner Leung Shing-tung says her top priority after the contest is taking off her high heels and standing barefoot on the ground |website=SingTao Headlines |url=https://www.stheadline.com/film-drama/3617030/%E7%92%B0%E5%A7%90%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%802026%E4%B8%A8%E5%91%A8%E5%A9%B7%E6%A3%84%E6%B8%AF%E5%A7%90%E8%BD%89%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4%E5%BC%B7%E5%8B%A2%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0-%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E6%A2%81%E8%97%9D%E9%BD%A1%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E5%A5%91%E5%AA%BD%E6%A5%8A%E5%B0%8F%E5%A8%9F%E5%8A%9B%E6%92%90-%E6%A2%81%E8%81%96%E7%AB%A5%E7%8D%B2%E5%AD%A3%E8%BB%8D%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%80%E6%83%B3%E9%99%A4%E9%AB%98%E8%B8%AD%E9%9E%8B%E8%B2%BC%E5%9C%B0 |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260919173202/https://www.stheadline.com/film-drama/3617030/%E7%92%B0%E5%A7%90%E6%B8%AF%E5%8D%802026%E4%B8%A8%E5%91%A8%E5%A9%B7%E6%A3%84%E6%B8%AF%E5%A7%90%E8%BD%89%E6%88%B0%E5%A0%B4%E5%BC%B7%E5%8B%A2%E5%A5%AA%E5%86%A0-%E4%BA%9E%E8%BB%8D%E6%A2%81%E8%97%9D%E9%BD%A1%E6%84%9F%E8%AC%9D%E5%A5%91%E5%AA%BD%E6%A5%8A%E5%B0%8F%E5%A8%9F%E5%8A%9B%E6%92%90-%E6%A2%81%E8%81%96%E7%AB%A5%E7%8D%B2%E5%AD%A3%E8%BB%8D%E5%BE%8C%E6%9C%80%E6%83%B3%E9%99%A4%E9%AB%98%E8%B8%AD%E9%9E%8B%E8%B2%BC%E5%9C%B0 |archive-date=19 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Hong Kong]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|JOR}} [[Jordan|Hordan]]
|{{sortname|Destiny|Anbar|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Fernando |first=Jefferson |date=9 Setyembre 2026 |title=Destiny Anbar leads Jordan's historic Miss Universe comeback after 66 years |language=en |website=Daily Tribune |url=https://tribune.net.ph/2026/09/09/destiny-anbar-leads-jordans-historic-miss-universe-comeback-after-66-years |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260909090414/https://tribune.net.ph/2026/09/09/destiny-anbar-leads-jordans-historic-miss-universe-comeback-after-66-years |archive-date=9 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|[[Aman]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|IND}} [[Indiya]]
|{{sortname|Kaziah Liz|Mejo|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Devadasan |first=K. P. |date=24 Agosto 2026 |title=UAE-born Kerala girl Kaziah Liz Mejo wins Miss Universe India 2026 |url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/uae-born-keralas-kaziah-liz-mejo-crowned-miss-universe-india-2026-1.500650309 |access-date=24 Agosto 2026 |website=Gulf News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|19
|Mavelikkara
|-
|{{flagdeco|IRQ}} [[Irak]]
|{{sortname|Samantha|Slewa|nolink=1}}
|29
|Vaughan
|-
|{{flagdeco|IRE}} [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]]
|{{sortname|Aideen|Howard|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Walsh |first=Lauren |date=21 Hunyo 2026 |title=The competition is 'about far more than appearance' Boston-born Limerick lady crowned Miss Universe Ireland 2026 |language=en |website=Evoke |url=https://evoke.ie/2026/06/21/entertainment/miss-universe-ireland-limerick |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260621224127/https://evoke.ie/2026/06/21/entertainment/miss-universe-ireland-limerick |archive-date=21 Hunyo 2026 |archiveurl=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|Castletroy
|-
|{{flagdeco|ISL}} [[Iceland|Islandiya]]
|{{sortname|Sigríður Ósk|Hrafnkelsdóttir|Sigga Ózk|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sigurjónsdóttir |first=Guðrún Selma |date=23 Abril 2026 |title=Sigga Ózk er orðlaus |language=is |trans-title=Sigga Ózk is speechless |website=Morgunblaðið |url=https://www.mbl.is/smartland/stars/2026/04/23/sigga_ozk_er_ordlaus/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260423160638/https://www.mbl.is/smartland/stars/2026/04/23/sigga_ozk_er_ordlaus/ |archive-date=23 Abril 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Garðabær
|-
|{{flagdeco|ISR}} [[Israel]]
|{{sortname|Danielle|Yablonka|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Fellig |first=Vita |date=2 Hulyo 2026 |title=South Florida-born Israeli Danielle Yablon crowned Miss Israel 2026 in Miami |language=en |website=Jewish News Syndicate |url=https://www.jns.org/news/u-s-news/south-florida-born-israeli-daniella-yablon-crowned-miss-israel-2026-in-miami |url-status=dead |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260702230606/https://www.jns.org/news/u-s-news/south-florida-born-israeli-daniella-yablon-crowned-miss-israel-2026-in-miami |archive-date=2 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Herzliya]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Italya]]
|{{sortname|Giada|Folcia|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=31 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Universe Italy, il titolo va alla modella Giada Folcia |language=it |trans-title=Miss Universe Italy, the title goes to model Giada Folcia |website=Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata |url=https://www.ansa.it/puglia/notizie/2026/08/31/miss-universe-italy-il-titolo-va-alla-modella-giada-folcia_e86ec14e-f46c-4602-9f66-9ab96ddd168b.html |url-status=live |access-date=1 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831143916/https://www.ansa.it/puglia/notizie/2026/08/31/miss-universe-italy-il-titolo-va-alla-modella-giada-folcia_e86ec14e-f46c-4602-9f66-9ab96ddd168b.html |archive-date=31 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|37
|[[Milan]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|KHM}} [[Kambodya]]
|{{sortname|Than|Rthna|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=អបអរ! ថាន រតនា ផ្ដួលបេក្ខភាពជើងខ្លាំងច្រើនរូប ក្លាយជារាជិនីម្ចាស់មកុដ MUC 2026|trans-title=Congratulations! Than Ratana defeated many strong candidates to become the queen of the MUC 2026 crown.|url=https://popular.com.kh/%e1%9e%a2%e1%9e%94%e1%9e%a2%e1%9e%9a-%e1%9e%90%e1%9e%b6%e1%9e%93-%e1%9e%9a%e1%9e%8f%e1%9e%93%e1%9e%b6-%e1%9e%95%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%8a%e1%9e%bd%e1%9e%9b%e1%9e%94%e1%9f%81%e1%9e%80%e1%9f%92%e1%9e%81/|url-status=live|website=Popular Magazine|language=km|date=21 Setyembre 2026|access-date=21 Setyembre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921120300/https://popular.com.kh/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%9A-%E1%9E%90%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93-%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B6-%E1%9E%95%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81/|archive-date=21 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|Kampong Cham
|-
|{{flagicon|CMR}} [[Kamerun]]
|{{sortname|Audrey|Black|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Diplômée de Paris et vendeuse de poulets, l'histoire complète d'Audrey Black Moutongo, la nouvelle Miss Cameroun 2025|trans-title=A graduate of Paris and a chicken vendor, the full story of Audrey Black Moutongo, the new Miss Cameroon 2025|url=https://lauradavemedia.com/diplomee-de-paris-et-vendeuse-de-poulets-lhistoire-complete-daudrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-miss-cameroun-2025/|url-status=live|website=Laura Dave Media|language=fr|date=10 Marso 2026|access-date=22 Setyembre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260511220659/https://lauradavemedia.com/diplomee-de-paris-et-vendeuse-de-poulets-lhistoire-complete-daudrey-black-moutongo-la-nouvelle-miss-cameroun-2025/|archive-date=11 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|30
|Douala
|-
|{{flagdeco|CAN}} [[Canada|Kanada]]
|{{sortname|Aslihan |Morali|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gomez |first=Shirley |date=10 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Universe Canada 2025 carries her baby during emotional final walk as the reigning queen |url=https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260810917313/miss-universe-canada-2025-carries-baby-final-walk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260811074009/https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20260810917313/miss-universe-canada-2025-carries-baby-final-walk/ |archive-date=11 Agosto 2026 |access-date=13 Agosto 2026 |website=Hola! USA |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|Ancaster
|-
|{{flagdeco|ISV}} [[Kapuluang Birhenes ng Estados Unidos]]
|{{sortname|Jenna-Monét|Queeley|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Morris |first=Anthony |date=17 Hunyo 2026 |title=Jenna Monet-Queeley Crowned Miss Universe U.S. Virgin Islands 2026, honors St. Kitts and Nevis Heritage |language=en |website=SKN News |url=https://sknnews.com/featured/jenna-monet-queeley-crowned-miss-universe-u-s-virgin-islands-2026-honors-st-kitts-and-nevis-heritage-442627768 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260617205459/https://sknnews.com/featured/jenna-monet-queeley-crowned-miss-universe-u-s-virgin-islands-2026-honors-st-kitts-and-nevis-heritage-442627768 |archive-date=17 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|Saint Croix
|-
|{{flagdeco|CYM}} [[Kapuluang Kayman|Kapuluang Cayman]]
|{{sortname|Juliana|Myers|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Boxall |first=Simon |date=13 Hulyo 2026 |title=Juliana Myers crowned Miss Universe Cayman Islands |language=en |website=Cayman Compass |url=https://www.caymancompass.com/2026/07/13/juliana-myers-crowned-miss-universe-cayman-islands/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260713064620mp_/https://www.caymancompass.com/2026/07/13/juliana-myers-crowned-miss-universe-cayman-islands/ |archive-date=13 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|West Bay
|-
|{{flagdeco|TCA}} [[Kapuluang Turcas at Caicos|Kapuluang Turks at Caicos]]
|{{sortname|Selena|Grant|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=15 Setyembre 2026 |title=Selena Grant Selected as Miss Universe TCI 2026 |language=en |website=Newsline TCI |url=https://www.newslinetci.com/post/selena-grant-selected-as-miss-universe-tci-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260916113444/https://www.newslinetci.com/post/selena-grant-selected-as-miss-universe-tci-2026 |archive-date=16 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Providenciales
|-
|{{flagdeco|KAZ}} [[Kasakistan]]
|{{sortname|Alina|Ekaterinecheva|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Rakhmatullavyzy |first=Balnur |date=4 Disyembre 2025 |title=&quot;Miss Qazaqstan 2025&quot; байқауында шымкенттік ару жеңімпаз атанды |language=kk |trans-title=Shymkent beauty wins Miss Qazaqstan 2025 |newspaper=Stan.kz |url=https://stan.kz/miss-qazaqstan-2025-baykauinda-shimkenttik-aru-zhenimpa-427225/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205034549/https://stan.kz/miss-qazaqstan-2025-baykauinda-shimkenttik-aru-zhenimpa-427225/ |archive-date=5 Disyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|Shymkent
|-
|{{flagdeco|KEN}} [[Kenya]]
|{{sortname|Jean |Ojiro|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mwangi |first=Faith |date=28 Hulyo 2026 |title=Jean Ojiro, Miss Universe Kenya 2026 Winner, Brands And Modeling Journey |url=https://thekenyatimes.com/kenya/jean-ojiro-miss-universe-2/ |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |website=The Kenya Times |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Nairobi]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|KGZ}} [[Kirgistan]]
|{{sortname|Medina|Ermekova|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 Enero 2026 |title=7 thí sinh đầu tiên của Hoa hậu Hoàn vũ 2026 |language=vi |trans-title=The first 7 contestants of Miss Universe 2026 |website=24h |url=https://www.24h.com.vn/thoi-trang/7-thi-sinh-dau-tien-cua-hoa-hau-hoan-vu-2026-c78a1727698.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260113203155/https://www.24h.com.vn/thoi-trang/7-thi-sinh-dau-tien-cua-hoa-hau-hoan-vu-2026-c78a1727698.html |archive-date=13 Enero 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|18
|[[Biskek]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|COL}} [[Colombia|Kolombya]]
|{{sortname|María Alejandra|López}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Guerrero Aldana |first=Daniel |date=11 Oktubre 2026 |title=Ella es María Alejandra López, coronada como Miss Universe Colombia 2026 |trans-title=She is María Alejandra López, crowned Miss Universe Colombia 2026 |url=https://www.elespectador.com/revista-vea/famosos/maria-alejandra-lopez-miss-universe-colombia-2026/ |access-date=12 Oktubre 2026 |website=El Espectador |language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|32
|[[Pereira, Colombia|Pereira]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|KOS}} [[Kosovo|Kosobo]]
|{{sortname|Evisa|Pacolli|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;
|21
|[[Toronto]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|CRO}} [[Kroasya]]
|{{sortname|Antea|Mršić|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=25 Mayo 2026 |title=Antea Mršić nova je Miss Universe Hrvatske 2026. |trans-title=Antea Mršić is the new Miss Universe Croatia 2026. |url=https://www.24sata.hr/show/antea-mrsic-nova-je-miss-universe-hrvatske-2026-1130093 |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=24sata |language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|[[Zagreb]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|CUB}} [[Cuba|Kuba]]
|{{sortname|Mia |Dio|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Everything about Mia Dio, the new beauty queen who will represent Cuba at Miss Universe 2026|url=https://en.cibercuba.com/noticias/2026-08-21-u194224-e198484-s27065-nid338347-todo-mia-dio-nueva-reina-belleza-cubana|url-status=live|website=CiberCuba|date=21 Agosto 2026|access-date=22 Agosto 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260821120243/https://en.cibercuba.com/noticias/2026-08-21-u194224-e198484-s27065-nid338347-todo-mia-dio-nueva-reina-belleza-cubana|archive-date=21 Agosto 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Miami, Florida|Miami]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|LVA}} [[Letonya]]
|{{sortname|Lāsma |Kuhtarska|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Sedliņa|first=Anita|date=5 Oktubre 2026|title=No depresijas un izdegšanas līdz &quot;Miss Universe Latvia&quot; kronim. Lāsma Kuhtarska izvēlas cīnīties|trans-title=From depression and burnout to the &quot;Miss Universe Latvia&quot; crown: Lāsma Kuhtarska chooses to fight|url=https://www.delfi.lv/life/56010800/notikumi/120137205/no-depresijas-un-izdegsanas-lidz-miss-universe-latvia-kronim-lasma-kuhtarska-izvelas-cinities|url-status=live|website=Delfi|language=lv|access-date=15 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261006172245/https://www.delfi.lv/life/56010800/notikumi/120137205/no-depresijas-un-izdegsanas-lidz-miss-universe-latvia-kronim-lasma-kuhtarska-izvelas-cinities|archive-date=6 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|[[Riga]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|LBN}} [[Lebanon|Libano]]
|{{sortname|Perla|Harb|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 Oktubre 2025 |title=Perla Harb wins Miss Lebanon 2025 crown in star-studded ceremony |url=https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/882325/perla-harb-wins-miss-lebanon-2025-crown-in-star-studded-ceremony/en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251118012117/https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/882325/perla-harb-wins-miss-lebanon-2025-crown-in-star-studded-ceremony/en |archive-date=18 Nobyembre 2025 |access-date=21 Oktubre 2025 |website=Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation International |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|Al-Maamriyah
|-
|{{flagdeco|LTU}} [[Lithuania|Litwanya]]
|{{sortname|Olga |Bykadorova|nolink=1}}
|32
|[[Montréal, Québec|Montréal]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|MAC}} [[Macau|Makaw]]
|{{sortname|Xuhe|Hou|Sigga Ózk|nolink=1}}
|20
|[[Lungsod ng Jilin|Jilin]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|MLT}} [[Malta]]
|{{sortname|Francesca|Mercieca|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Falzon |first=Gabriel |date=17 Hulyo 2026 |title=Francesca Mercieca Crowned Miss Universe Malta 2026 |language=en |website=Lovin Malta |url=https://lovinmalta.com/news/local/francesca-mercieca-crowned-miss-universe-malta-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260717061412/https://lovinmalta.com/news/local/francesca-mercieca-crowned-miss-universe-malta-2026/ |archive-date=17 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|St. Paul's Bay
|-
|{{Flagicon image|Flag-of-Martinique.svg}} [[Martinika]]
|{{sortname|Larissa |Ségarel|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mergirie-Adele |first=Mildrey |date=22 Agosto 2026 |title=Larissa Ségarel est la nouvelle Miss Universe Martinique |trans-title=Larissa Ségarel is the new Miss Universe Martinique |url=https://rci.fm/martinique/infos/Culture/Larissa-Segarel-est-la-nouvelle-Miss-Univers-Martinique |access-date=23 Agosto 2026 |website=RCI |language=fr-MQ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|Lamentin
|-
|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Maruekos]]
|{{sortname|Sara |Allali|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Candidatas africanas al Miss Universo 2026, certamen al que irá Dalia Bucaram con la banda de Ecuador|trans-title=African contestants for Miss Universe 2026, the pageant Dalia Bucaram will attend representing Ecuador|url=https://www.primicias.ec/entretenimiento/candidatas-africa-miss-universo2026-ecuador-dalia-bucaram-132412/|url-status=live|website=Primicias|language=es|date=12 Setyembre 2026|access-date=22 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260913033545/https://www.primicias.ec/entretenimiento/candidatas-africa-miss-universo2026-ecuador-dalia-bucaram-132412/|archive-date=13 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Casablanca]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MYT|variant=local}} [[Mayotte]]
|{{sortname|Maëva|Toumbou Dani|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 Mayo 2026 |title=Maeva Toumbou Dani portera Mayotte à Miss Universe |language=fr |trans-title=Maeva Toumbou Dani will represent Mayotte at Miss Universe |website=Outremers360 |url=https://outremers360.com/bassin-indien-appli/maeva-toumbou-dani-portera-mayotte-a-miss-universe |access-date=23 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|33
|Tsingoni
|-
|{{flagdeco|MEX}} [[Mehiko]]
|{{sortname|María Guadalupe|Vargas|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Tirado |first=Monica |date=29 Agosto 2026 |title=María Vargas, de Jalisco, es coronada como Miss Universe México 2026 |language=es |trans-title=María Vargas, from Jalisco, is crowned Miss Universe Mexico 2026 |website=¡Hola! |url=https://www.hola.com/us-es/celebrities/20260830920682/miss-universe-mexico-2026-en-vivo-final-candidatas-coronacion/ |access-date=30 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|[[:en:Zapopan|Zapopan]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|MDA}} [[Moldabya]]
|{{sortname|Dorina |Darii|nolink=1}}
|31
|Hîncești
|-
|{{flagdeco|MNG}} [[Mongolya]]
|{{sortname|Enkhboldyn|Enkhdelgerekh|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=О. |first=Doljin |date=22 Setyembre 2026 |title=Э.Энхдэлгэрэх &quot;Miss Universe&quot; тэмцээнд Монгол Улсаа төлөөлөн оролцоно |language=mn |trans-title=E. Enkhdelgerekh to represent Mongolia at the &quot;Miss Universe&quot; pageant |website=Zindaa |url=https://news.zindaa.mn/5d0c |url-status=live |access-date=3 Oktubre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260922152340/https://news.zindaa.mn/5d0c |archive-date=22 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|[[Ulan Bator]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|MNE}} [[Montenegro]]
|{{sortname|Aleksandra|Ivezaj|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 Hunyo 2026 |title=Miss Universe Albania dhe Kosova 2026 |language=sq |trans-title=Miss Universe Albania and Kosovo 2026 |website=Televizioni Klan |url=https://tvklan.al/miss-universe-albania-dhe-kosova-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607160835/https://tvklan.al/miss-universe-albania-dhe-kosova-2026 |archive-date=7 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|Tuzi
|-
|{{flagdeco|MMR}} [[Myanmar]]
|{{sortname|May Grace|Parry|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Adina |first=Armin P. |date=18 Hunyo 2026 |title=Bea Millan-Windorski gets award at Miss Universe Myanmar pageant |language=en |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/674156/bea-millan-windorski-gets-award-at-miss-universe-myanmar-pageant |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260618075931/https://entertainment.inquirer.net/674156/bea-millan-windorski-gets-award-at-miss-universe-myanmar-pageant |archive-date=18 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|31
|Hpa-an
|-
|{{flagdeco|NAM}} [[Namibia|Namibya]]
|{{sortname|Charene|Labuschagne|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2 Agosto 2026 |title=Charene Labuschagne crowned Miss Namibia |language=en |website=Namibian Broadcasting Corporation |url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/118081 |url-status=live |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260803032059/https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/118081 |archive-date=3 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Windhoek]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|NGA}} [[Nigeria|Niherya]]
|{{sortname|Danielle|Adewusi|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Falade |first=Tomi |date=16 Oktubre 2026 |title=Meet Danielle Adewusi, The Doctor Bringing Women’s Health Advocacy To Miss Universe |url=https://independent.ng/meet-danielle-adewusi-the-doctor-bringing-womens-health-advocacy-to-miss-universe/ |access-date=17 Oktubre 2026 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|[[Lagos]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|NIC}} [[Nicaragua|Nikaragwa]]
|{{sortname|Jasmine|Blandford|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=4 Setyembre 2026 |title=Jasmine Blandford es coronada como Miss Universe Nicaragua 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Jasmine Blandford is crowned Miss Universe Nicaragua 2026 |website=La Prensa |url=https://www.laprensani.com/2026/09/04/vida/3780011-jasmine-blandford-es-coronada-como-miss-universe-nicaragua-2026 |access-date=6 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Kukra Hill
|-
|{{flagdeco|NOR}} [[Noruwega]]
|{{sortname|Abelone |Smedsrud|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=24 Agosto 2026 |title=Abelone Smedsrud fra Eiker vant Miss Norway 2026 |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Abelone Smedsrud from Eiker won Miss Norway 2026 |website=Eikernytt.no |url=https://www.eikernytt.no/2026/08/24/abelone-smedsrud-fra-eiker-vant-miss-norway-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826020049/https://www.eikernytt.no/2026/08/24/abelone-smedsrud-fra-eiker-vant-miss-norway-2026/ |archive-date=26 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|Eiker
|-
|{{flagdeco|NZL}} [[New Zealand|Nuweba Selandiya]]
|{{sortname|Georgia|Waddington|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gooch |first=Carly |date=4 Agosto 2026 |title=Miss Universe NZ hopes to ‘debunk’ pageantry stigma |url=https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/361055479/miss-universe-nz-hopes-debunk-pageantry-stigma |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260804023415/https://www.thepress.co.nz/nz-news/361055479/miss-universe-nz-hopes-debunk-pageantry-stigma |archive-date=4 Agosto 2026 |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |website=The Press |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Christchurch
|-
|{{flagdeco|NLD}} [[Netherlands|Olanda]]
|{{sortname|Melissa|Bottema|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=28 Hunyo 2026 |title=Groningse Melissa Bottema is Miss Nederland: &quot;Droom die uitkomt&quot; |language=nl |trans-title=Melissa Bottema from Groningen is Miss Netherlands: &quot;A dream come true&quot; |website=De Telegraaf |url=https://www.telegraaf.nl/video/groningse-melissa-bottema-is-miss-nederland-droom-die-uitkomt/157930009.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260628070958/https://www.telegraaf.nl/video/groningse-melissa-bottema-is-miss-nederland-droom-die-uitkomt/157930009.html |archive-date=28 Hunyo 2026 |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|Winsum
|-
|{{flagdeco|PAK}} [[Pakistan]]
|{{sortname|Misbah|Arshad|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sarkar |first=Rituparna |date=21 Agosto 2026 |title=Meet Misbah Arshad, The Psychology Student Crowned Miss Universe Pakistan 2026 |language=en |website=The Sunday Guardian |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/entertainment-news/meet-misbah-arshad-the-psychology-student-crowned-miss-universe-pakistan-2026-266321/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260821121009/https://sundayguardianlive.com/entertainment-news/meet-misbah-arshad-the-psychology-student-crowned-miss-universe-pakistan-2026-266321/ |archive-date=21 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|Lahore
|-
|{{flagdeco|PAN}} [[Panama]]
|{{sortname|Gabriela|González|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Concepción |first=Martha Vanessa |date=6 Setyembre 2026 |title=Gabriela Lineth González del Valle se coronó como Miss Universe Panamá 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Gabriela Lineth González del Valle was crowned Miss Universe Panama 2026 |website=La Prensa |url=https://www.prensa.com/vivir/gabriela-lineth-gonzalez-del-valle-se-corona-como-miss-universe-panama-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906191854/https://www.prensa.com/vivir/gabriela-lineth-gonzalez-del-valle-se-corona-como-miss-universe-panama-2026/ |archive-date=6 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Chiriquí
|-
|{{flagdeco|PAR}} [[Paraguay]]
|{{sortname|Gretha|Matiauda|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=26 Marso 2026 |title=Gretha Matiauda es la nueva Miss Universo Paraguay 2026 |language=es |trans-title=Gretha Matiauda is the new Miss Universe Paraguay 2026 |website=La Tribuna |url=https://www.latribuna.com.py/arte-y-cultura/2026/03/27/gretha-matiauda-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-paraguay-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260327045533/https://www.latribuna.com.py/arte-y-cultura/2026/03/27/gretha-matiauda-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-paraguay-2026/ |archive-date=27 Marso 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Asuncion|Asunción]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|PER}} [[Peru]]
|{{sortname|Luren|Márquez|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Napa |first=Renzo |date=15 Abril 2026 |title=Luren Márquez: quién es la nueva Miss Perú 2026, conductora y promotora cultural rumbo al Miss Universo |language=es |trans-title=Luren Márquez: who is the new Miss Peru 2026, host and cultural promoter on her way to Miss Universe |website=Radio Programas del Perú |url=https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-quien-es-luren-marquez-nueva-reina-de-belleza-y-su-trayectoria-noticia-1684485 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260416032509/https://rpp.pe/famosos/farandula/miss-peru-2026-cuando-donde-y-como-ver-en-vivo-la-coronacion-de-la-sucesora-de-karla-bacigalupo-con-miss-universo-2025-fatima-bosch-noticia-1684301?itlk=iksiguiente |archive-date=16 Abril 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|Ica
|-
|{{flagdeco|FIN}} [[Pinlandiya]]
|{{sortname|Veera |Grönlund|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 Setyembre 2026 |title=Vuoden 2026 Miss Suomi on Veera Grönlund |trans-title=Miss Finland 2026 is Veera Grönlund |url=https://www.hs.fi/suomi/art-2000012254833.html |access-date=19 Setyembre 2026 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|30
|Pori
|-
|{{flagdeco|PHL}} [[Miss Universe Philippines 2026|Pilipinas]]
|{{sortname|Bea|Millan-Windorski|link=Bea Millan-Windorski}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Purnell |first=Kristofer |date=2 Mayo 2026 |title=Kay BMW ang korona: La Union wins Miss Universe Philippines 2026 |language=en |website=[[The Philippine Star]] |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2026/05/02/2524960/kay-bmw-ang-korona-la-union-wins-miss-universe-philippines-2026 |url-status=live |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260502153757/https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2026/05/02/2524960/kay-bmw-ang-korona-la-union-wins-miss-universe-philippines-2026 |archive-date=2 Mayo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|[[San Juan, La Union|San Juan]]
|-
|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Polonya]]
|{{sortname|Vivica |Lewandowski|nolink=1}}
|21
|Barrington
|-
|{{flagdeco|POR}} [[Portugal]]
|{{sortname|Isabela|Santos|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bernardino |first=Carla |date=6 Agosto 2026 |title=Isabela Santos: a miss Portugal que sofreu bullying e que luta pela saúde mental e adoção de animais |trans-title=Isabela Santos: the Miss Portugal who was bullied and advocates for mental health and animal adoption. |url=https://www.jn.pt/delas/artigo/isabela-santos-a-miss-portugal-que-sofreu-bullying-e-que-luta-agora-pela-saude-mental-e-adocao-de-animais/18113717 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=Jornal de Notícias |language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|26
|Gaia
|-
|{{flagdeco|FRA}} [[Pransiya]]
|{{sortname|Garance|Authié|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Giron|first=Alexian|date=18 Oktubre 2026|title=Miss Univers 2026 : Garance Authié représentera la France à Porto Rico|trans-title=Miss Universe 2026: Garance Authié will represent France in Puerto Rico|url=https://www.rtl.fr/culture/medias-people/info-rtl-miss-univers-2026-garance-authie-representera-la-france-a-porto-rico-7900681543|url-status=live|website=RTL|language=fr|access-date=18 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261018234930/https://www.rtl.fr/culture/medias-people/info-rtl-miss-univers-2026-garance-authie-representera-la-france-a-porto-rico-7900681543|archive-date=18 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Paris]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|PRI}} [[Puerto Rico|Puerto Rico]]
|{{sortname|Jennifer|Barreto|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Rivera Cedeño |first=Jomar José |date=26 Hunyo 2026 |title=De San Sebastián la nueva Miss Universe 2026 |language=es |trans-title=From San Sebastian the new Miss Universe 2026 |website=El Nuevo Día |url=https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/de-san-sebastian-la-nueva-miss-universe-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260626032524/https://www.elnuevodia.com/entretenimiento/farandula/notas/de-san-sebastian-la-nueva-miss-universe-2026/ |archive-date=26 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|San Sebastián
|-
|{{flagdeco|COG}} [[Republika ng Congo|Republika ng Konggo]]
|{{sortname|Georgina|Kambongo|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Nguesso |first=Rodrigue |date=14 Setyembre 2026 |title=Georgina Kambongo, première Congolaise à représenter le Congo à Miss Univers |trans-title=Georgina Kambongo, the first Congolese woman to represent Congo at Miss Universe |url=https://www.africacomm.org/post/georgina-kambongo-premi%C3%A8re-congolaise-%C3%A0-repr%C3%A9senter-le-congo-%C3%A0-miss-univers |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260914143756/https://www.africacomm.org/post/georgina-kambongo-premi%C3%A8re-congolaise-%C3%A0-repr%C3%A9senter-le-congo-%C3%A0-miss-univers |archive-date=14 Setyembre 2026 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=Africacomm.org |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Likouala
|-
|{{flagdeco|DOM}} [[Republikang Dominikano]]
|{{sortname|Melissa|Núñez|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Peña |first=Shawell |date=30 Hulyo 2026 |title=¡Ella es la nueva reina de la belleza dominicana! Melissa Núñez se corona Miss RD Universo 2026 |language=es |trans-title=She is the new Dominican beauty queen! Melissa Núñez is crowned Miss RD Universe 2026 |website=El Nacional |url=https://elnacional.com.do/fama-y-vida/arte-y-espectaculos/nueva-reina-belleza-dominicana-melissa-nunez-corona-miss-rd-universo-2026_577287.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260731043526/https://elnacional.com.do/fama-y-vida/arte-y-espectaculos/nueva-reina-belleza-dominicana-melissa-nunez-corona-miss-rd-universo-2026_577287.html |archive-date=31 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|28
|La Vega
|-
|{{flagdeco|CZE}} [[Republikang Tseko]]
|{{sortname|Dominika|Kotoučková|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Na Miss Universe nahradí modelku Osako jezdkyně Dominika Viktorie Kotoučková|trans-title=Equestrian Dominika Viktorie Kotoučková replaces model Osako at Miss Universe|url=https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/revue/modelky/miss-universe-sophia-osako-dominika-viktorie-kotouckova.A261021_101944_missamodelky_sub|url-status=live|website=iDNES.cz|language=cs|date=21 Oktubre 2026|access-date=21 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Praga]]
|-
|[[Talaksan:Proposed_flag_of_Réunion_(VAR).svg|border|23x23px]] [[Réunion]]
|{{sortname|Abigaëlle |Tailamée|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=11 Oktubre 2026 |title=[Photos - Vidéos ] Abigaëlle Tailamée est notre première Miss Universe Réunion |language=fr |trans-title=[Photos - Videos] Abigaëlle Tailamée is our first Miss Universe Réunion |website=Imaz Press |url=https://imazpress.com/toute-l-actu/miss-universe |url-status=live |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261011062941/https://imazpress.com/toute-l-actu/miss-universe |archive-date=11 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Saint-Joseph
|-
|{{flagdeco|ROU}} [[Rumanya]]
|{{sortname|Sabina|Parmac|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Popa|first=Alina|date=19 Oktubre 2026|title=Cine este Sabina Parmac-Gabriela, noua Miss Universe România 2026! Va reprezenta țara noastră la competiția internațională din Puerto Rico|trans-title=Who is Sabina Parmac Gabriela, the new Miss Universe Romania 2026! She will represent our country at the international competition in Puerto Rico|url=https://www.protv.ro/articol/133502-cine-este-sabina-parmac-gabriela-noua-miss-universe-romania-2026-va-reprezenta-tara-noastra-la-competitia-internationala-din-puerto-rico|url-status=live|website=Pro TV|language=ro|access-date=21 Oktubre 2026|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261019184954/https://www.protv.ro/articol/133502-cine-este-sabina-parmac-gabriela-noua-miss-universe-romania-2026-va-reprezenta-tara-noastra-la-competitia-internationala-din-puerto-rico|archive-date=19 Oktubre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|21
|[[Bukarest]]
|-
|{{flagicon|LCA}} [[Santa Lucia (bansa)|Santa Lucia]]
|{{sortname|Bernella|Velinor|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hammonds |first=Dr. Courtney A. |date=9 Agosto 2026 |title=The Crown Finds Her: Bernella Velinor Is Miss Universe Saint Lucia 2026 |url=https://upscalemagazine.com/the-crown-finds-her-bernella-velinor-is-miss-universe-saint-lucia-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260811120648/https://upscalemagazine.com/the-crown-finds-her-bernella-velinor-is-miss-universe-saint-lucia-2026/ |archive-date=11 Agosto 2026 |access-date=13 Agosto 2026 |website=Upscale Magazine |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|33
|Dennery
|-
|{{flagdeco|SRB}} [[Serbiya]]
|{{sortname|Nikolina|Vujičić|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Dž. |first1=R. |last2=K. |first2=Ć. |date=31 Agosto 2026 |title=Misica progovorila o svom poreklu: Evo odakle dolazi prelepa Nikolina koja je osvojila srca žirija i publike |trans-title=Misica spoke about her origins: Here's where the beautiful Nikolina, who won the hearts of the jury and the audience, comes from |url=https://www.telegraf.rs/jetset/vesti-jetset/4387334-misica-progovorila-o-svom-poreklu-evo-odakle-dolazi-prelepa-nikolina-koja-je-osvojila-srca-zirija-i-publike |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831143540/https://www.telegraf.rs/jetset/vesti-jetset/4387334-misica-progovorila-o-svom-poreklu-evo-odakle-dolazi-prelepa-nikolina-koja-je-osvojila-srca-zirija-i-publike |archive-date=31 Agosto 2026 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=Telegraf |language=sr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|Dragovo
|-
|{{flagicon|SLE}} [[Sierra Leone]]
|{{sortname|Katti|Fofanah|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Prima |first=Berkat |date=1 Hulyo 2026 |title=Sierra Leone Comeback di Miss Universe 2026 Setelah Absen 7 Tahun |language=id |trans-title=Sierra Leone Returns to Miss Universe 2026 After 7 Year Absence |website=IDN Times |editor=Kurniawan |editor-first=Wahyu |url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/sierra-leone-comeback-di-miss-universe-2026-setelah-absen-7-tahun-c1c2-01-l8vsm-zvghkt |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701013135/https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/potret-miss-universe-americas-2025-di-pembukaan-piala-dunia-2026-c1c2-01-l8vsm-w3z8jv |archive-date=1 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|20
|Bonthe
|-
|{{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Zimbabwe|Simbabwe]]
|{{sortname|Roseanna|Hall|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=7 Hunyo 2026 |title=While tension fills History was made in Harare as Miss Universe Zimbabwe crowned seven beauty queens to represent the country at some of the world's biggest pageants |language=en |website=Zimbo Live News |url=https://zimbolivenews.com/news/while-tension-fills-history-was-made-in-harare-as-miss-universe-zimbabwe-crowned-seven-beauty-queens-to-represent-the-country-at-some-of-the-worlds-biggest-pageants |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260607055812/https://zimbolivenews.com/news/while-tension-fills-history-was-made-in-harare-as-miss-universe-zimbabwe-crowned-seven-beauty-queens-to-represent-the-country-at-some-of-the-worlds-biggest-pageants |archive-date=7 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|34
|Shurugwi
|-
|{{flagicon|SRI}} [[Sri Lanka]]
|{{sortname|Nimhara|Sasindi|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=25 Hunyo 2026 |title=මිස් යුනිවර්ස් ශ්‍රී ලංකා 2026 කිරුළ නිම්හාරා සසිඳිට |language=si |trans-title=Nimhara Sasindi crowned Miss Universe Sri Lanka 2026 |website=Zira Daily |url=https://ziradaily.com/sinhala/news/107890 |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260625205935/https://ziradaily.com/sinhala/news/107890 |archive-date=25 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|[[Colombo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SUR}} [[Surinam|Suriname]]
|{{sortname|Maruschka|Sahiboe|nolink=1}}
|33
|[[Amsterdam]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Sweden|Suwesya]]
|{{sortname|Josefin |Strand|nolink=1}}
|27
|[[Estokolmo]]
|-
|{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Suwisa]]
|{{sortname|Itiya|Dube|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Projer |first=Leonie |date=27 Setyembre 2026 |title=Ex-Miss packt aus: «Ich wurde nach der Krönung allein gelassen» |language=de |trans-title=Ex-beauty queen opens up: &quot;I was left all alone after the crowning&quot; |website=[[20 Minuten]] |url=https://www.20min.ch/story/miss-universe-switzerland-naima-acosta-kritik-103639872 |url-status=live |access-date=28 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260927203058/https://www.20min.ch/story/miss-universe-switzerland-naima-acosta-kritik-103639872 |archive-date=27 Setyembre 2026 |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|27
|[[Geneva]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|TZA}} [[Tanzania|Tansaniya]]
|{{sortname|Queen Elizabeth |Makune|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=21 Setyembre 2026 |title=Elizabeth Makune Aibuka Miss Universe Tanzania 2026 |language=sw |trans-title=Elizabeth Makune Emerges as Miss Universe Tanzania 2026 |website=Global Publishers |url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2026/09/21/elizabeth-makune-aibuka-miss-universe-tanzania-2026/ |url-status=live |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260921125437/https://globalpublishers.co.tz/2026/09/21/elizabeth-makune-aibuka-miss-universe-tanzania-2026/ |archive-date=21 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|30
|[[Dar es Salaam]]
|-
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Timog Aprika]]
|{{sortname|Bajabulise|Thela|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keteyi |first=Oluthando |date=21 Hulyo 2026 |title=Bajabulise Thela crowned Miss African Beauty Universe: A new face for South Africa at Miss Universe |url=https://iol.co.za/lifestyle/style-beauty/2026-07-20-bajabulise-thela-crowned-miss-african-beauty-universe-a-new-face-for-south-africa-at-miss-universe/ |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |website=Independent Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|23
|KaNyamazane
|-
|{{flagdeco|KOR}} [[Timog Korea]]
|{{sortname|Yurim|Kim|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Seong |first=Jong-hyun |date=30 Agosto 2026 |title=[포토] 김유림, '2026 미스유니버스코리아' 진 수상 |trans-title=[Photo] Kim Yurim Wins '2026 Miss Universe Korea' |url=https://www.newsfreezone.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=706448 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260830135203/https://www.newsfreezone.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=706448 |archive-date=30 Agosto 2026 |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |website=News Free Zone |language=ko}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|35
|[[Seoul]]
|-
|{{flagicon|Timog Sudan}} [[Timog Sudan]]
|{{sortname|Amylia |Deng|nolink=1}}
|27
|[[Juba]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|TTO}} [[Trinidad at Tobago]]
|{{sortname|Vinita|Manoo|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=16 Setyembre 2026 |title=Introducing Miss Universe Trinidad And Tobago 2026, Vinita Manoo |language=en |website=Trinidad and Tobago Television |url=https://www.ttt.live/introducing-miss-universe-trinidad-and-tobago-2026-vinita-manoo/ |url-status=live |access-date=21 Setyembre 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260917004312/https://www.ttt.live/introducing-miss-universe-trinidad-and-tobago-2026-vinita-manoo/ |archive-date=17 Setyembre 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|36
|[[:en:San_Juan,_Trinidad_and_Tobago|San Juan]]
|-
|{{flagicon|TUN}} [[Tunisia|Tunisya]]
|{{sortname|Sarrah|Brahmi|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Prima |first=Berkat |date=12 Hunyo 2026 |title=Tunisia Comeback di Miss Universe 2026 setelah Absen 55 Tahun |language=id |trans-title=Tunisia Makes Comeback at Miss Universe 2026 After 55 Years |website=IDN Times |editor=Kurniawan |editor-first=Wahyu |url=https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/tunisia-comeback-di-miss-universe-2026-setelah-absen-55-tahun-c1c2-01-l8vsm-mk9cfm |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260612191503/https://www.idntimes.com/men/ladies/tunisia-comeback-di-miss-universe-2026-setelah-absen-55-tahun-c1c2-01-l8vsm-mk9cfm |archive-date=12 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|33
|Sousse
|-
|{{flagdeco|TUR}} [[Turkiya]]
|{{sortname|Alara |Eriç|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 Oktubre 2026 |title=Güncel &quot;Skandalları Bitmeyen Organizasyon &quot;Miss Universe Türkiye&quot; |trans-title=&quot;Miss Universe Türkiye&quot;: An Organization Plagued by Endless Scandals |url=https://modadergitv.com/turkiye-skandallari-bitmeyen-organizasyon-miss-universe/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20261009142614/https://modadergitv.com/turkiye-skandallari-bitmeyen-organizasyon-miss-universe/ |archive-date=9 Oktubre 2026 |access-date=15 Oktubre 2026 |website=Moda Dergi TV |language=tr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Istanbul]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CHI}} [[Chile|Tsile]]
|{{sortname|Dominga|López|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Díaz |first=Nicolás |date=3 Agosto 2026 |title=Dominga López gana Miss Universo Chile 2026: competirá en versión internacional |language=es |trans-title=Dominga López wins Miss Universe Chile 2026: she will compete in the international version |website=Bío Bío |url=https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/espectaculos-y-tv/tv/2026/08/03/candidata-de-vina-del-mar-gana-miss-universo-chile-2026-competira-en-version-internacional.shtml |url-status=live |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260803052748/https://www.biobiochile.cl/noticias/espectaculos-y-tv/tv/2026/08/03/candidata-de-vina-del-mar-gana-miss-universo-chile-2026-competira-en-version-internacional.shtml |archive-date=3 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|24
|[[Viña del Mar]]
|-
|{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Tsina]]
|{{sortname|Shiqi |Wang|nolink=1}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
|25
|[[Shanghai]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|UGA}} [[Uganda]]
|{{sortname|Mitchelle|Daka|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Waswa |first=Samson |date=2 Agosto 2026 |title=In pictures: Mitchelle Daka crowned first Miss Universe Uganda |language=en |website=Pulse Uganda |url=https://www.pulse.ug/story/mitchelle-daka-crowned-first-miss-universe-uganda-2026080205525150427 |url-status=live |access-date=4 Agosto 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260802063914/https://www.pulse.ug/story/mitchelle-daka-crowned-first-miss-universe-uganda-2026080205525150427 |archive-date=2 Agosto 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|29
|Budaka
|-
|{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Ukranya]]
|{{sortname|Anna|Nikonova|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kudryavchenko |first=Tamara |date=1 Hulyo 2026 |title=Дочка Ніконова стала володаркою корони &quot;Міс Україна Всесвіт&quot;-2026 |language=uk |trans-title=Nikonov's daughter became the owner of the crown &quot;Miss Ukraine Universe&quot;-2026 |website=Tablo ID |url=https://tabloid.pravda.com.ua/beauty/dochka-igorya-nikonova-stala-mis-ukrajina-vsesvit-2026-2016603/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260701143537/https://tabloid.pravda.com.ua/beauty/dochka-igorya-nikonova-stala-mis-ukrajina-vsesvit-2026-2016603/ |archive-date=1 Hulyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|22
|[[Kiev|Kyiv]]
|-
|{{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Unggriya]]
|{{sortname|Kamilla|Kiss|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=20 Hunyo 2026 |title=Megválasztották a Miss Universe Hungary idei királynőjét |trans-title=This year's queen of Miss Universe Hungary has been chosen |url=https://24.hu/szorakozas/2026/06/20/szepsegkiralyno-miss-universe-hungary-2026-kiss-kamilla/ |access-date=22 Hulyo 2026 |website=24.hu |language=hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|25
|Dunaújváros
|-
|{{flagicon|URU}} [[Uruguay]]
|{{sortname|Lucía|Piñeyro|nolink=1}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=31 Mayo 2026 |title=De Young al mundo: Lucía Piñeyro Lima es la nueva Miss Universo Uruguay |language=es |trans-title=From Young to the world: Lucía Piñeyro Lima is the new Miss Universe Uruguay |website=Uruguay Digital 365 |url=https://uruguaydigital365.com/de-young-al-mundo-lucia-pineyro-lima-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-uruguay/ |url-status=live |access-date=26 Hulyo 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260601052440/https://uruguaydigital365.com/de-young-al-mundo-lucia-pineyro-lima-es-la-nueva-miss-universo-uruguay/ |archive-date=1 Hunyo 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|35
|Young
|}

== Mga tala==
{{Notelist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Panlabas na kawing ==

* {{Official website|http://www.missuniverse.com}}
{{Miss Universe}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Kastila ng CS1 (es)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Pranses ng CS1 (fr)]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pax Silica</title>
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        <username>Ellinar Olegna</username>
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      <text bytes="32214" sha1="gikjen39uwzefjno5uf5u1n8pkizs6l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox geopolitical organization
| name                   = '''Pax Silica'''
| motto                  = &quot;Securing the Silicon Supply Chain&quot; ([[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]])&lt;br&gt;&quot;Pagtiyak sa seguridad ng kadena ng suplay ng silikon&quot; ([[Wikang Filipino|Filipino]])
| englishmotto           = 
| anthem                 = 
| text_symbol_type       = 
| text_symbol            = 
| image_map              = Members.svg
| loctext                = &lt;!--text description of location of organization--&gt;
| alt_map                = 
| map_width              = &lt;!-- Map image's width (default 250px) --&gt;
| map_caption            = {{legend|#1d91c0ff|Mga bansang kasapi ng Pax Silica}}
| org_type               = Internasyonal inisyatiba para sa seguridad sa ekonomiya
| membership_type        = 
| membership             = {{ubl|'''Mga lumagda'''
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Arhentina]]
|{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australia]]
|{{flagicon|Chile}} [[Chile]]
|{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Costa Rica]]
|{{flagicon|El Salvador}} [[El Salvador]]
|{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Finland]]
|{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Alemanya]]
|{{flagicon|Greece}} [[Gresya]]
|{{flagicon|India}} [[India]]
|{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Israel]]
|{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italya]]
|{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hapon]]
|{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kazakhstan]]
|{{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Netherlands]]
|{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Noruwega]]
|{{flagicon|Panama}} [[Panama]]
|{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipinas]]
|{{flagicon|Qatar}} [[Qatar]]
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Timog Korea]]
|{{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapore]]
|{{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Sweden]]
|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Emiratos Arabes Unidos|United Arab Emirates]]}}
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Reyno Unido]]
|{{flagicon|United States}} [[Estados Unidos]]
|{{flagicon|European Union}} [[Unyong Europeo]]
}}
{{ubl|'''Mga tagamasid'''
 |{{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canada]]
 |{{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonya]]
 |{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taiwan]]
}}
| leader_title1          = [[Pangalawang Kalihim ng Estado para sa Paglago ng Ekonomiya, Enerhiya, at Kapaligiran]]
| leader_name1           = [[Jacob Helberg]]
| established_event1     = Deklarasyon ng Pax Silica
| established_date1      = {{Start date and age|2025|12|12}}
| official_website       = {{URL|https://www.state.gov/pax-silica}}
}}
Ang '''Pax Silica''' ([[Latin]] para sa {{Gloss|Kapayapaang Silisya}}) ay isang internasyonal na inisyatiba na pinamumunuan ng [[Estados Unidos]] at Pilipinas ay nakatuon sa pagsiguro ng mga [[Daloy ng suplay|kadena ng suplay]] para sa mga masulong na teknolohiya tulad ng mga [[semikonduktor]], [[artipisyal na katalinuhan]] (AI), at mga bihirang elemento sa lupa. Hindi tuwirang layunin ng inisyatiba na bawasan ang pag-asa sa [[Tsina]] at kontrahin ang pangingibabaw nito sa mga larangang ito.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-01-09 |title=Inside the State Department's 'Pax Silica' Initiative |url=https://wpintelligence.washingtonpost.com/topics/2026/01/09/inside-state-departments-pax-silica-initiative/ |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=WP Intelligence |language=en |trans-title=Sa loob ng Inisyatibang 'Pax Silica' ng Kagawaran ng Estado |archive-date=2026-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260111173456/https://wpintelligence.washingtonpost.com/topics/2026/01/09/inside-state-departments-pax-silica-initiative/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-12-13 |title=Pax Silica Explained: The US-Led Initiative With 'Trusted Allies' to Counter China, Excluding India |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/world/what-is-pax-silica-us-led-initiative-that-excludes-india-ai-critical-minerals-supply-chain-counter-china-article-153286414 |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=TimesNow |language=en|trans-title=Paliwanag sa Pax Silica: Ang Inisyatiba na Pinamunuan ng US na May 'Mga Pinagkakatiwalaang Kaalyado' para Kontrahin ang Tsina, Hindi Kasama ang Indiya}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Cytera |first=Christopher |date=2026-01-14 |title=Pax Silica — Can it Stop China? |url=https://cepa.org/article/pax-silica-can-it-stop-china/ |access-date=2026-06-06 |website=CEPA |language=en-US|trans-title=Pax Silica — Mapipigilan ba Nito ang Tsina?}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang inisyatiba ay pinagtutulong-tulungan ng Kagawaran ng Estado ng Estados Unidos at inilunsad noong Disyembre 2025 kasabay ng paglagda ng unang pangkat ng mga bansang kasosyo sa di-nagbubuklod na ''Deklarasyon ng'' ''Pax Silica''.&lt;ref name=&quot;StateFactSheet&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Pax Silica Summit (Fact Sheet) |publisher=United States Department of State |date=Disyembre 11, 2025 |url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/pax-silica-initiative/ |access-date=Enero 13, 2026|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AusDeclaration&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Pax Silica Declaration by countries attending the Pax Silica Summit, 12 December 2025 |publisher=Australian Government – Department of Industry, Science and Resources |date=Disyembre 13, 2025 |url=https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/pax-silica-declaration-countries-attending-pax-silica-summit-12-december-2025 |access-date=Enero 13, 2026|language=en|trans-title=Ang Deklarasyon ng Pax Silica ng mga bansang dumalo sa Pax Silica Summit, 12 Disyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Paglulunsad at kaligiran ==
Noong dekada 2020, lalong itinuring ng mga pamahalaan ang katatagan ng supply-chain sa mga semiconductor, mahahalagang mineral, at imprastraktura ng computing na may kaugnayan sa AI bilang isang prayoridad sa pambansang kaligtasan, sa gitna ng mga kontrol sa pagluluwas, mga hakbang sa patakaran sa industriya, at kompetisyong heopolitikal sa mga teknolohiyang sumusuporta sa advanced manufacturing at AI. Ang Pax Silica ay iniharap ng mga katuwang ng US bilang isang balangkas ng ekonomiko-kaligtasang naglalayong ihanay ang mga patakaran at pamumuhunan sa mga &quot;mapagkakatiwalaang kasosyo&quot; na nagho-host sa mga pangunahing kompanya ng teknolohiya at pangunahing kapasidad sa industriya.&lt;ref name=&quot;StateFactSheet&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OutcomesBriefing&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 2025 |title=Outcomes of the Pax Silica Summit (Foreign Press Center briefing) |url=https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/outcomes-of-the-paxs-silica-summit |access-date=January 13, 2026 |publisher=United States Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inilarawan ng manunuri ng Pacific Forum na si Akhil Ramesh, na sumusulat para sa magasing National Interest, ang inisyatibo bilang pag-unawa na: &quot;ang kaligtasan sa ekonomiya ngayon ay hindi mapaghihiwalay sa kontrol sa enerhiya, mahahalagang mineral, mataas na kalidad na pagmamanupaktura, at mga advanced na modelo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ramesh |first=Akhil |date=2026-01-24 |title=Pax Silica and the Case for Bringing Industry Back into Foreign Policy |url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/pax-silica-and-the-case-for-bringing-industry-back-into-foreign-policy |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=The National Interest |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong Disyembre 11, 2025, inanunsyo ng Kagawaran ng Estado ng Estados Unidos ang kauna-unahang Pax Silica Summit at ang planong paglagda sa Pax Silica Declaration, na naglalarawan sa Pax Silica bilang pangunahing pagsisikap ng Kagawaran sa AI at kaligtasan ng supply-chain.&lt;ref name=&quot;StateMediaNote&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Under Secretary Helberg Will Kick Off Pax Silica Summit with Landmark Declaration Signing |url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/under-secretary-helberg-will-kick-off-pax-silica-summit-with-landmark-declaration-signing/ |access-date=January 13, 2026 |publisher=United States Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang unang summit ay ginanap sa Washington, DC noong Disyembre 12, 2025. Inilarawan sa fact sheet ng Kagawaran ng Estado ang mga larangan ng kooperasyon kabilang ang koneksyon at imprastraktura ng datos, compute at semiconductors, advanced manufacturing, lohistiko, mineral refining at processing, at enerhiya.&lt;ref name=&quot;StateFactSheet&quot;/&gt;

Inilalarawan ng inisyatibo ang sarili nito bilang isang &quot;positive-sum&quot; na pakikipagtulungang nilayon upang mabawasan ang &quot;mga mapilit na pag-asa&quot; at mapabuti ang katatagan sa buong hanay ng teknolohiya, mula sa pagkuha at pagproseso ng mineral hanggang sa paggawa ng chip at imprastraktura ng computing.&lt;ref name=&quot;StateFactSheet&quot;/&gt; Inilarawan ng mga opisyales ng US ang Pax Silica bilang isang balangkas para sa pag-uugnay ng mga pangunahing proyekto at pagkakahanay ng patakaran sa mga kasosyong bansa, kabilang ang pagmamapa sa supply-chain, mga inisyatibo sa pamumuhunan at pakikipagtulungan, at proteksiyon ng mga kritikal na imprastraktura at sensitibong teknolohiya. Iniulat ng Reuters ang mga talakayan tungkol sa mga proyektong may kaugnayan sa mga ruta ng kalakalan at lohistiko at isang inisyatibo sa isang liwasang pang-industriya sa [[Israel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ReutersUAEQatar&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=January 11, 2026 |title=Qatar and UAE to join U.S.-led effort to bolster technology supply chain |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/qatar-uae-join-us-led-effort-bolster-technology-supply-chain-2026-01-11/ |access-date=January 13, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang mga bansang nasa Golpo, tulad ng UAE at Qatar, ay tumataya sa pag-akit ng mga kompanya ng AI na may murang enerhiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Qatar joins US 'Pax Silica' as it races to catch up with Gulf neighbours on AI |url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/qatar-joins-us-pax-silica-it-races-catch-gulf-neighbors-ai |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=Middle East Eye |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bukod pa rito, ang potensyal ng UAE na mamuhunan sa mga aktibidad ng Pax Silica ay nabanggit bilang isang pangunahing asset para sa inisyatibo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=UAE signs Pax Silica declaration to advance AI-era security {{!}} Computer Weekly |url=https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366637532/UAE-signs-Pax-Silica-declaration-to-advance-AI-Era-security |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=ComputerWeekly.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Marias |first=Stephen Las |date=2025-12-23 |title=Pax Silica Signals a New Era of Tech-Centric Geopolitics |url=https://www.eetimes.com/pax-silica-marks-the-end-of-globalizations-golden-age/ |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=EE Times Asia |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Varghese |first=Justin |date=2026-01-19 |title=Pax Silica: What the new AI tech bloc means for the UAE, global economy |url=https://gulfnews.com/technology/pax-silica-what-the-new-ai-tech-bloc-means-for-the-uae-global-economy-1.500412773 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=Gulf News: Latest UAE news, Dubai news, Business, travel news, Dubai Gold rate, prayer time, cinema |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong unang bahagi ng 2026, inanunsyo ng Estados Unidos ang planong pag-aambag ng $250M para sa isang pamumuhunang konsorsiyum na naglalayong palakasin ang mga supply-chain ng enerhiya at mahahalagang mineral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Maggie |first=Eastland |date=March 23, 2026 |title=US to Put $250 Million Toward Supply Chain Investment Fund |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-23/us-to-commit-250-million-toward-supply-chain-investment-fund |website=Bloomberg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pagsapi ==
Sa inagurasyon, pitong bansa ang lumagda sa ''Pax Silica Declaration'', habang ang Taywan, ang Samahang Europeo, Kanada, at ang Organisasyon sa Ekonomikong Pakikipagtulungan at Pag-unlad ay lumahok bilang mga panauhin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AusDeclaration2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 13, 2025 |title=The Pax Silica Declaration by countries attending the Pax Silica Summit, 12 December 2025 |url=https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/pax-silica-declaration-countries-attending-pax-silica-summit-12-december-2025 |access-date=July 23, 2026 |publisher=Australian Government Department of Industry, Science and Resources}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;StateLaunch&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=December 11, 2025 |title=Pax Silica Summit |url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/12/pax-silica-initiative |access-date=July 23, 2026 |publisher=United States Department of State}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong Enero 2026, ang Qatar at ang Nagkakaisang Arabong Emirato ay kinilala sa publiko bilang mga prospektibong tagapaglagda, at ang kanilang pagsali ay inaasahan sa huling bahagi ng buwang iyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReutersGulfAccession&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Renshaw |first=Jarrett |date=January 11, 2026 |title=Qatar and UAE to join U.S.-led effort to bolster technology supply chain |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/qatar-uae-join-us-led-effort-bolster-technology-supply-chain-2026-01-11/ |access-date=July 23, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga bansang lumagda sa Pax Silica Declaration ===
Pitong bansa ang lumagda sa deklarasyon sa summit noong Disyembre 12, 2025, sa Washington, DC:&lt;ref name=&quot;AusDeclaration&quot;/&gt;

* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Awstralya]]
* {{flag|Israel}}
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hapon]]
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Timog Korea]]
* {{flagicon|Singapore}} [[Singapura]]
* {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Reyno Unido]]
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[Estados Unidos]]

Ang ilang mga bansang dumalo sa mga unang pag-uusap ay hindi agad lumagda, habang ang iba pang mga bansa ay inanyayahang sumali pagkatapos ng mga talakayan. Ang mga sumusunod ay ang mga kasaping lumagda sa deklarasyon:&lt;ref name=&quot;AusDeclaration&quot;/&gt;

* {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Olanda]] (sumali noong Disyembre 17, 2025&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=December 17, 2025 |title=The Netherlands joins US-led push to secure AI and chip supply chains - Bits&amp;Chips |url=https://bits-chips.com/article/the-netherlands-joins-us-led-push-to-secure-ai-and-chip-supply-chains/ |access-date=January 13, 2026 |website=Bits&amp;Chips |language=en-US |archive-date=Mayo 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519080739/https://bits-chips.com/article/the-netherlands-joins-us-led-push-to-secure-ai-and-chip-supply-chains/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;; &quot;hindi-lumagdang kasosyo&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.euronews.com/next/2026/02/23/the-us-peace-corps-launches-new-tech-corps-to-bring-ai-expertise-abroad-heres-what-to-know|title=The US Peace Corps launches new Tech Corps to bring AI expertise abroad. Here’s what to know &amp;#124; Euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Qatar|Katar}} (sumali noong Enero 13, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;QatarSigned&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=January 13, 2026 |title=Qatar and the United States sign &quot;Pax Silica&quot; declaration to strengthen cooperation in advanced technology |url=https://www.zawya.com/en/economy/gcc/qatar-united-states-sign-pax-silica-declaration-to-strengthen-cooperation-in-advanced-technology-svbnsjj4 |access-date=January 13, 2026 |publisher=The Peninsula (via Zawya)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} [[Nagkakaisang Arabong Emirato]] (sumali noong Enero 14, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;UAE Embassy&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Statement by Ambassador Yousef Al Otaiba on the United Arab Emirates joining Pax Silica |work=Reuters |date=January 14, 2026 |url=https://www.uae-embassy.org/news/statement-ambassador-yousef-al-otaiba-united-arab-emirates-joining-pax-silica |access-date=January 13, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Indiya]] (sumali noong Pebrero 20, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=India formally joins US-led coalition Pax Silica on AI, supply chain |url=https://upstox.com/news/business-news/latest-updates/india-formally-joins-us-led-coalition-pax-silica-on-ai-supply-chain/article-189709/ |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=upstox.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Suwesya]] (lumagda noong Marso 17, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sweden joins Pax Silica initiative |url=https://www.government.se/press-releases/2026/03/sweden-joins-pax-silica-initiative/ |access-date=2026-03-17 |website=government.se |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Pinlandiya]] (lumagda noong Abril 16, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;[https://valtioneuvosto.fi/-/1410877/suomi-mukaan-pax-silica-aloitteeseen?languageId=en_US Finland to participate in Pax Silica initiative]&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Pilipinas]] (lumagda noong Abril 17, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PH joins US-led Pax Silica; plan for industrial hub in Luzon unveiled |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1273139 |access-date=2026-04-17 
|website=pna.gov.ph |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Norwega]] (lumagda noong Mayo 6, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2026/05/norway-joins-pax-silica-initiative/|title=Norway Joins Pax Silica Initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|European Union}} [[Unyong Europeo]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 23, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Under Secretary Jacob Helberg on the Accession of the European Union, Germany, and Greece to Pax Silica |url=https://www.state.gov/releases/under-secretary-for-economic-affairs/2026/06/under-secretary-jacob-helberg-on-the-accession-of-the-european-union-germany-and-greece-to-pax-silica/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Alemanya]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 23, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Gresya]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 23, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Arhentina]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Outcomes of the Second Pax Silica Summit|url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2026/06/outcomes-of-the-second-pax-silica-summit|access-date=2026-06-28|website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{flag|Chile}} (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Costa Rica}} [[Kosta Rika]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;
* {{flag|El Salvador}} (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} [[Kasakistan|Kasahistan]] (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026: Kasapi rin ng [[WAICO]])&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;
* {{flag|Panama}} (lumagda noong Hunyo 26, 2026)&lt;ref name=&quot;2nd&quot; /&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Italya]] (lumagda noong Hulyo 31, 2026)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Italy joins the Pax Silica – Ministero degli Affari Esteri e della Cooperazione Internazionale |url=https://www.esteri.it/en/sala_stampa/archivionotizie/comunicati/2026/07/litalia-aderisce-alla-pax-silica/ |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=www.esteri.it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mga bansang inanyayahan / lumahok, ngunit hindi pa lumalagda ===
Sa paglulunsad, inilarawan ng mga materyales ng Estados Unidos at mga makabagong pag-uulat ang mga karagdagang inanyayahang maging kalahok at tagamasid, kabilang ang:

* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Kanada]] – tagamasid/kalahok sa nauugnay na talakayan, sa mga materyales ng US briefing; hindi itinala bilang tagapaglagda.&lt;ref name=&quot;OutcomesBriefing&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taywan]] – kalahok sa summit sessions ayon sa briefing ng Kagawaran ng Estado; hindi itinala bilang tagapaglagda.&lt;ref name=&quot;OutcomesBriefing&quot; /&gt;
* {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Estonya]] – naging tagamasid at lumagda sa deklarasyon noong Hunyo 26, 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vm.ee/en/news/foreign-minister-tsahkna-pax-silica-agreement-opportunity-advance-technology-innovation-and|title=Estonia became an observer state in the US-led Pax Silica initiative and signed the Pax Silica Declaration on Artificial Intelligence}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flag|Portugal}} - lumagda sa pagkakataong pagsali noong Hunyo.{{citation needed|Setyembre 2026}}
* {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} [[Banglades]] - inanyayahang sumali sa inisyatibo ni US special envoy noong Agosto 1, 2026&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.google.com/www.dhakatribune.com/amp/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/416463/gor-proposes-bangladesh-join-us-led-pax-silica|title=Gor proposes Bangladesh join US-led Pax Silica initiative}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang Organisasyon sa Ekonomikong Pakikipagtulungan at Pag-unlad (OECD) at ang [[Unyong Europeo|Samahang Europeo]] ay nabanggit din ng mga katuwang ng US na naroroon bilang tagamasid, ngunit hindi mga bansa.&lt;ref name=&quot;OutcomesBriefing&quot;/&gt;

== Pagtanggap at kritisismo ==
=== Pilipinas ===
Kasunod ng pagsali ng [[Pilipinas]] sa inisyatiba noong Abril 2026, ang inisyatiba ng Pax Silica ay umani ng kritisismo dahil sa mga isyung may kaugnayan sa paggamit ng lupa, kahigpunuan, dulot nito sa kapaligiran, at pakikilahok ng dayuhan sa mga estratehikong industriya. Simula noong Abril at Mayo 2026, iba't ibang grupo ng mga magsasaka, mga kapisanan ng lipunang sibil, at mga blokeng pampolitika ang nagpahayag ng kanilang mga alalahanin tungkol sa mga maaaring maging bunga nito sa mga pampook na komunidad, mga kaayusan sa pamamahala, at ang papel ng bansa sa mga umuusbong na teknolohiya at mga kadena ng suplay na kritikal sa mineral.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Desiderio |first=Louella |last2=Lee-Brago |first2=Pia |date=May 20, 2026 |title=Philippines rejects US diplomatic immunity request for planned AI hub |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2026/05/20/2529177/philippines-rejects-us-diplomatic-immunity-planned-ai-hub}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bworld&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sinaking |first=Erika Mae P. |date=May 19, 2026 |title=BCDA rejects US jurisdiction claims on AI hub |publisher=BusinessWorld |url=https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2026/05/19/750806/bcda-rejects-us-jurisdiction-claims-on-ai-hub/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong Abril 2026, tinutulan ng mga kapisanang pang-agrikultura tulad ng Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas (KMP), [[Pambansang Kilusan ng mga Samahang Magsasaka]] (PKSM), at [[Pambansang Lakas ng Kilusang Mamamalakaya ng Pilipinas]] (Pamalakaya) ang iminungkahing pagsasalin ng agrikultural at baybaying lupain para sa malawakang pag-unlad ng industriya. Inilarawan ng KMP ang planong sonang ekonomikong kaligtasan sa loob ng Luzon Economic Corridor bilang isang &quot;malawakang pagbebenta ng mga ari-arian,&quot; na nangangatwirang maaari nitong mapabilis ang pagbabagong-anyo ng lupa, pagkuha ng mga mapagkukunan, pagkasira ng kapaligiran, at ang pagpapaalis sa mga komunidad ng magsasaka at mangingisda. Itinuro din ng mga kritiko ang laki ng planong proyekto, na kinabibilangan ng 4,000-acre (humigit-kumulang 1,618-ektarya) na [[Artipisyal na katalinuhan|artificial intelligence]] at advanced manufacturing hub sa [[New Clark City]], [[Tarlac]], na nangangatwirang ang malawakang pag-unlad ng industriya ay maaaring makaapekto sa mga nakapalibot na komunidad, kaligtasan sa pagkain, at mga pattern ng paggamit ng lupa.&lt;ref name=&quot;sellout&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=April 20, 2026 |title=Farmers’ Group Condemns “Pax Silica” as a “Massive Sellout” |publisher=The Manila Journal |url=https://themanilajournal.com/2026/04/20/farmers-group-condemns-pax-silica-as-a-massive-sellout/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=April 20, 2026 |title=New Clark City to host AI hub under US-led Pax Silica |publisher=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1273338}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Noong Abril 2026, tinutulan ng koalisyong Scientists and Technologists Oppose the US War (STOP US War), isang network ng mga dalub-agham, teknologo, tagapagtaguyod ng kapaligiran, at mga kapisanan ng lipunang sibil na kinabibilangan ng AGHAM, ang Computer Professionals' Union, at ang Kalikasan People's Network for the Environment, ang inisyatibo, na nangangatwirang maaari nitong mapadali ang kanilang inilarawan bilang &quot;pandarambong sa likas na yaman&quot; at mga aktibidad na nakakapinsala sa kapaligiran sa pagkuha ng mga likas na yaman. Nagpahayag ng pagkabahala ang koalisyon na ang malaking deposito ng Pilipinas ng [[nikel]], [[Tanso (elemento)|tanso]], [[kobalto]], chromite, at mga bihirang lupang dukalin ay maaaring lalong mapunta sa mga supply chain na pinangungunahan ng mga dayuhan para sa artificial intelligence, pagmamanupaktura ng semiconductor, at mga advanced na teknolohiya. Ikinakatuwiran ng mga kritiko na ang inisyatibo ay nanganganib na palakasin ang papel ng bansa bilang tagapagtustos ng mga hilaw na materyales habang ang mga dayuhang kasosyo ay nakakuha ng mas malaking bahagi ng value-added manufacturing at teknolohikal na pag-unlad.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Gonzales |first=Gelo |date=April 29, 2026 |title=Sci-tech coalition opposes Pax Silica over 'resource plunder,' env't harms |publisher=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/technology/stop-us-war-coalition-pax-silica-resource-plunder-criticism/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260519115339/https://www.rappler.com/technology/stop-us-war-coalition-pax-silica-resource-plunder-criticism/ |archive-date=May 19, 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iniugnay ng ilang kritiko ang mga alalahaning ito sa iminungkahing pakikipagtulungan sa Israel sa mga kritikal na mineral, [[Artipisyal na katalinuhan|artificial intelligence]], at cybersecurity. Nagpahayag din ng pagkabahala ang mga kritiko sa lumalaking interes ng mga dayuhan sa mga [[Likas na yaman|yamang mineral]] ng Pilipinas kasunod ng mga pahayag ni Dana Kursh, Embahador ng Israel sa Pilipinas, na nagsabing ang masaganang [[nikel]] at iba pang mahahalagang mineral ng Pilipinas ay maaaring makadagdag sa kadalubhasaan ng Israel sa artificial intelligence, disenyo ng chip, cybersecurity, at iba pang mga kasagutan sa teknolohiya. Inilarawan ni Kursh ang Pilipinas bilang isang potensyal na pangunahing katuwang sa inisyatiba, na binanggit na ang mga yamang mineral ng Pilipinas ay maaaring makatulong na matugunan ang mga kinakailangan sa supply-chain na hindi lubos na matugunan ng Israel sa loob ng bansa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dela Cruz |first=Raymond Carl |date=May 27, 2026 |title=Israel eyes PH as Pax Silica partner for AI, semiconductor push |publisher=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1275991}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nagpahayag din ng pagkabahala ang mga organisasyong pangkalikasan at mga koalisyon ng pagtataguyod noong Abril 2026 tungkol sa bunga sa kapaligiran ng imprastraktura ng semiconductor at artificial intelligence, na binabanggit ang mataas na pangangailangan sa paggamit ng kuryente at tubig, pagtaas ng pangangailangan para sa mga kritikal na mineral, at mga potensyal na hamon sa pamamahala ng basurang industriyal na nauugnay sa mga advanced na pasilidad sa pagmamanupaktura.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rosete |first=Franck Dick |date=April 21, 2026 |title=Environmental concerns raised over AI and semiconductor industrial zones |publisher=Bulatlat |url=https://www.bulatlat.org/2026/04/21/pax-silica-initiative-seen-as-war-production-environment-destruction/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pinuna rin ng ilang grupong aktibista ang kaugnayan ng inisyatibo sa mas malawak na pakikipagtulungang pang-ekonomiya at kaligtasan ng Estados Unidos-Pilipinas. Ikinatwiran ng mga pangkat na itong ang pagsasama ng kritikal na pagkuha ng mineral, paggawa ng semiconductor, at imprastraktura ng artificial intelligence sa mga estratehikong koridor pang-ekonomiya ay maaaring magpataas ng pagkakalantad ng Pilipinas sa kompetisyong heopolitikal at gawing potensyal na target ang mga pangunahing pasilidad pang-industriya sa panahon ng mga tunggalian sa lalawigan.&lt;ref name=&quot;sellout&quot;/&gt;

Noong Mayo 2026, ilang grupong pampolitika, kabilang ang mga kasapi ng kaliwang Makabayan Bloc, ang nagpahayag ng mga alalahanin tungkol sa kahigpunuan at mga kaayusan sa pamamahala na kaugnay ng inisyatibo. Kabilang sa mga alalahaning ito ang mga tanong tungkol sa lawak ng pakikilahok ng mga dayuhan sa iminungkahing sonang industriyal at mga ulat ng mga iminungkahing espesyal na kaayusan para sa mga dayuhang tauhan. Sinabi ng mga kinatawan ng Makabayan na ang mga ganitong kaayusan ay maaaring magdulot ng mga isyu tungkol sa pambansang kahigpunuan at pamamahala sa konstitusyon, habang pinanindigan ng mga kagawaran ng gobyerno at mga tagapagtaguyod ng proyekto na ang pag-unlad ay mananatiling sasailalim sa batas ng Pilipinas at pangangasiwa ng mga regulasyon.&lt;ref name=&quot;bworld&quot;/&gt;

Noong Mayo 2026, lumitaw ang kontrobersiya tungkol sa legal na katayuan ng iminungkahing Pax Silica economic security zone sa [[New Clark City]]. Noong Mayo 18, 2026, sa isang pagbisita sa lugar ng Pangalawang Kalihim ng Estado para sa Ugnayang Pang-ekonomiya ng US na si Jacob Helberg, ipinahayag ni Pangulong Joshua Bingcang ng Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA) na hiniling ng Estados Unidos na ang sona ay magpatakbo sa ilalim ng batas ng US at na ang mga tauhan ng US ay mabigyan ng diplomatikong kaligtasan sa sakit. Sinabi ni Bingcang na tinanggihan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas ang panukala at pinanindigan na ang proyekto ay mananatiling napapailalim sa batas at pamamahala ng Pilipinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chi |first=Cristina |date=May 19, 2026 |title=Philippines rejects US request for diplomatic immunity at planned AI hub |publisher=Philstar.com |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2026/05/19/2529065/philippines-rejects-us-request-diplomatic-immunity-planned-ai-hub}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Desiderio |first=Louella |last2=Lee-Brago |first2=Pia |date=May 20, 2026 |title=Philippines rejects US diplomatic immunity request for planned AI hub |publisher=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2026/05/20/2529177/philippines-rejects-us-diplomatic-immunity-planned-ai-hub}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bworld&quot;/&gt;

Noong ika-25 ng Mayo 2026, pinagtatalunan ni Helberg ang mga ulat na humingi ang Estados Unidos ng diplomatikong kaligtasan, na sinasabi sa isang post sa [[X (hatirang pangmadla)|X]] na ang kanyang mga naunang pahayag ay &quot;hindi binigyang-linaw&quot; at ang posisyon ng US ay inilaan upang magbigay ng ligal na katiyakan at kakayahang mahulaan para sa mga mamumuhunan sa halip na diplomatikong kaligtasan. Kalaunan ay tumangging tugunan nang diretso ng isang tagapagsalita para sa Kagawaran ng Estado ng Estados Unidos ang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng salaysay ni Helberg at mga pahayag na ginawa ng mga opisyal ng Pilipinas.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chi |first=Cristina |date=May 26, 2026 |title=US official says immunity for Pax Silica Clark hub 'taken out of context' |publisher=Philstar.com |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2026/05/26/2530687/us-official-says-immunity-pax-silica-clark-hub-taken-out-context/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Unyong Europeo ===
Noong Mayo at Hunyo 2026, nagpahayag ng mga alalahanin ang ilang tagagawa ng patakaran at manunuri sa SamahangtEuropeo onomiya sa regulasyon at ang kaugnayan ng bloke sa mga patakaran sa teknolohiya ng Estados Unidos habang umuusad ang mga talakayan tungkol sa pagsali. Ikinatwiran ng mga kritiko na ang pakikilahok ay maaaring makaapekto sa estratehikong awtonomiya ng EU sa mga larangan tulad ng mga kontrol sa pagluwas at patakaran sa semiconductor, habang pinanindigan ng mga tagasuporta na ang inisyatibo ay magpapalakas sa katatagan ng supply-chain sa mga kasosyong ekonomiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bertuzzi |first=Luca |date=June 1, 2026 |title=The EU is set to join US-led chip alliance 'Pax Silica' to counter China's AI race |publisher=Euronews |url=https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2026/06/01/the-eu-is-set-to-join-us-led-chip-alliance-pax-silica-to-counter-chinas-ai-race}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Olanda ===
Noong Hunyo 2026, ang talakayan kaugnay ng inisyatibo sa Olanda sa mga patakaran sa pagkontrol sa pagluwas na nakaaapekto sa industriya ng semiconductor ng Dutch, partikular na sa ASML. Nagpahayag ng pagkabahala ang ilang opisyal at kinatawan ng industriya na ang mga karagdagang paghihigpit sa pagluwas ng teknolohiya sa Tsina ay maaaring makaapekto sa mga operasyong pangkomersyo at kakayahang makipagkumpitensya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sterling |first=Toby |date=June 23, 2026 |title=Netherlands to join US-led Pax Silica AI initiative despite ASML dispute |publisher=Reuters |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/netherlands-join-us-led-pax-113435012.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== India ===
Mula sa huling bahagi ng 2025 hanggang unang bahagi ng 2026, ang talakayan sa [[Indiya|India]] ay nakasentro sa kawalan ng bansa sa orihinal na pagiging kasapi ng inisyatibo. Tinanong ng mga komentarista at mga politiko ng oposisyon ang pagbubukod ng India sa kabila ng lumalaking sektor ng semiconductor at pakikilahok nito sa iba pang mga pakikipagsosyo sa teknolohiya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=December 13, 2025 |title=Congress takes swipe at PM over India not being part of US-led Pax Silica grouping |publisher=The Economic Times |url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/congress-takes-swipe-at-pm-over-india-not-being-part-of-us-led-pax-silica-grouping/articleshow/125944739.cms}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Mga sampamahalaanang samahan]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>338979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241097</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:19:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Wika */</comment>
      <origin>2241097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32917" sha1="pyaurnewjtmqi0rr8eig4bwiy3f85vs" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|ipa symbol=m|ipa number=114|decimal=109|xsampa=m|braille=134|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x006D.svg}}{{IPA notice}}
'''Matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa paréhong labì''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng {{IPA|⟨m⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Isa ito sa mga pinakakaraniwang katinig sa mga wika ng mundo, kung saan tinatayang nasa 96% ng lahat ng mga wika ay may ganitong tunog. Meron ito sa [[wikang Tagalog]], na sinusulat gamit ang titik ''[[M]]'' (maliit ''m'') sa [[sulat Latin]] at maririnig sa mga salitang ''mapa'' at ''paalam''. Napakakonti lamang ng mga wikang walang ganitong tunog kagaya ng [[wikang Wyandot]] sa [[Estados Unidos]], habang mas kaunti pa ang mga wikang walang kahit anong malayang [[katinig na pailong]] tulad naman sa mga [[wikang Quileute]], [[Wikang Makah|Makah]], at [[Wikang Gitnang Rotokas|Gitnang Rotokas]].

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi sa mga sumusunod na katangian:

{{nasal stop}} {{bilabial}} {{voiced}} {{nasal}} {{Median–lateral}} {{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/m/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mga wikang ǃKung|ǃKung]]
|{{lang|kfl|'''m'''}}
|{{IPA|[m]|lang=kfl}}
|'kumain'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Adige|Adige]]
|{{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''азэ]]}} / {{lang|ady-Latn|māză}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Maːza.ogg|[maːza]|lang=ady}}
|'Buwan'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]]
|{{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''M'''aus]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|De-Maus.ogg|[maʊ̯s]|help=no}}
|'daga'
|&lt;!-- See Standard German phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Wikang Arabe|Arabe]]
|[[Modern Standard Arabic|Pamantayan]]{{sfnp|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}
|{{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|م'''ركز''']]}} ({{transliteration|ar|'''m'''arkaz}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ar-مركز.ogg|[ˈmɑ̝ɾ.kæz]|lang=ar}}
|'kabisera'
|&lt;!-- See Arabic phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Armenian language|Armenyo]]
|[[Silangang wikang Armenyo|Silangan]]{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=19}}
|{{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''մ'''այր]]}} ({{transliteration|hy|'''m'''ayr}})
|{{Audio-IPA|mɑjɾ.ogg|[mɑjɾ]}}
|'ina'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Asiryano]]
|{{lang|aii|[[Syriac alphabet|ܡܪܐ]]}} ({{transliteration|aii|'''m'''ara}})
|{{IPA|[maːra]|lang=aii}}
|'may-ari'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Basko|Basko]]
|{{lang|eu|[[Basque alphabet|'''m'''aitatu]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-maitatu.wav|[majt̪at̪u]|lang=eu}}
|'magmahal'
|gz
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|{{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|'''মা'''তা]]}} ({{transliteration|bn|'''m'''ata}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-মাতা.wav|[ˈmat̪aˑ]|lang=bn}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Bengali phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Biyetnamita|Biyetnames]]{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}
|{{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''m'''uối]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Muối.ogg|[mwojˀ˧˥]|lang=vi}}
|'asin'
|&lt;!-- See Vietnamese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Breton|Breton]]
|{{lang|br|'''m'''or}}
|{{IPA|[mor]|lang=br}}
|'dagat'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bulgaro|Bulgaro]]
|{{lang|bg|[[Bulgarian alphabet|'''м'''ъгла]]}} ({{lang|bg|'''m'''ygla}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-мъгла.wav|[mɐˈɡwa]|lang=bg}}
|'hamog'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Burushaski|Burushaski]]
|{{lang|bsk|akhuru'''m'''an}}
|{{IPA|[akʰuruman]|lang=bsk}}
|'napakarami'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Eslobako|Eslobako]]
|{{lang|sk|[[Slovak alphabet|'''m'''už]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9058 (slk)-TomášPolonec-muž.wav|[muʂ]|lang=sk}}
|'lalaki'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Esloveno|Eslobeno]]
|{{lang|sl|[[Slovene alphabet|'''m'''iš]]}}
|{{IPA|[mîʃ]|lang=sl}}
|'daga'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kastila|Espanyol]]{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}}
|{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''m'''a'''m'''ar]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Marreromarco-mamar.wav|[maˈmaɾ]|lang=es}}
|'sumuso'
|&lt;!-- See Spanish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Esperanto]]
|{{lang|eo|[[Esperanto orthography|'''m'''ateno]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Eo-mateno.ogg|[maˈteno]|help=no}}
|'umaga'
|&lt;!-- See Esperanto phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Estonyo|Estonyo]]
|''[[Estonian orthography|'''m'''adu]]''
|{{Audio-IPA|Et-madu.ogg|[ˈmɑtu̞]|lang=et}}
|'ahas'
|&lt;!-- See Estonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Filipino language|Filipino]]
|{{lang|fil|[[Filipino orthography|'''m'''anok]]}}
|{{audio-IPA|LL-Q34057 (tgl)-Dylanitable-manok.wav|[mɐˈnɔʔk]|lang=fil}}
|'manok'
|&lt;!-- See Filipino phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Gales|Gales]]
|{{lang|cy|[[Welsh alphabet|'''m'''a'''m''']]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Cy-mam.ogg|[mam]|help=no}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Welsh phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]]{{sfnp|Newton|1972|p=10}}
|{{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|'''μ'''άζα]]}} ({{Transliteration|el|[[Romanization of Greek|'''m'''aza]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|EL-μάζα.ogg|[ˈmaza]|help=no}}
|'kumpol'
|&lt;!-- See Modern Greek phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Guharati|Guharati]]
|{{lang|gu|[[Gujarati alphabet|'''મો'''ર]]}} ({{Transliteration|gu|'''m'''ór}})
|{{IPA|[moːɾ]|lang=gu}}
|'lalaking [[paboreal]]'
|&lt;!-- See Gujarati phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=117}}
|{{lang|ja|[[kanji|マーク]]}} ({{Transliteration|ja|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''m'''aku]]}})
|{{IPA|[mäkɯ]|lang=ja}}
|'marka'
|&lt;!-- See Japanese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hawayano|Hawayano]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=139}}
|{{lang|haw|[[Hawaiian alphabet|'''m'''aka]]}}
|{{IPA|[maka]|lang=haw}}
|'mata'
|&lt;!-- See Hawaiian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hebreo|Hebreo]]
|{{lang|he|[[Hebrew alphabet|א'''מ'''א]]}} ({{transliteration|he|i'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ˈʔimäʔ]|lang=he}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Modern Hebrew phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hemer|Hemer]]
|{{lang|km|[[Khmer script|'''ខ្មែ'''រ]]}} ({{transliteration|km|kh'''m'''ae}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Km-ខ្មែរ.ogg|[kʰmae]|lang=km}}
|'[[Kambodya|Hemer]]'
|&lt;!-- See Khmer phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Heorhiyano|Heorhiyano]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}}
|{{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|სა'''მ'''ი]]}} ({{Transliteration|ka|sa'''m'''i}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8108 (kat)-Jana (Guilhelma)-სამი.wav|[ˈsami̞]|lang=ka}}
|'tatlo'
|&lt;!-- See Georgian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Hindi]]
|{{lang|hi|[[Devanāgarī|'''म'''छली]]}} ({{transliteration|hi|'''ma'''chlī}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-मछली.wav|[mɐt͡ʃʰ.liː]|lang=hi}}
|'[[Pulot|pulót]]'
|&lt;!-- See Hindi-Urdu phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Wikang Hmong|Hmong]]
|Puting Hmong
|{{script|Hmng|𖬒𖬶[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬦]]}} ({{lang|hmv-Latn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet|'''m'''ov]]}})
|{{IPA|[mo˨˦]|lang=hmv}}
|'pagkain' o 'kanin'
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]]{{sfnp|Soderberg|Olson|2008|p=210}}
|{{lang|id|'''m'''asuk}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmäsʊʔ]|lang=id}}
|'pumasok'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]
|{{Lang|en|'''m'''ap}}
|{{Audio-IPA|en-us-map.ogg|[ˈmæpʰ]|help=no}}
|'mapa'
|&lt;!-- See English phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Italyano|Italyano]]{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}}
|{{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|'''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-mamma.wav|[ˈmamma]|help=no}}
|'mama'
|&lt;!-- See Italian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kabardiyano|Kabardiyano]]
|{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''азэ]]}} ({{transliteration|kbd|mazè}})
|{{IPA|[maːza]|lang=kbd}}
|'Buwan'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kagayanën|Kagayanen]]{{sfnp|Olson|Mielke|Sanicas-Daguman|Pebley|2010|pp=206–207}}
|{{lang|cgc|'''m'''anang}}
|{{IPA|[manaŋ]|lang=cgc}}
|'ate'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanlurang wikang Prisiyano|Kanlurang Prisiyano]]
|{{lang|fy|'''m'''ar}}
|{{IPA|[mar]|lang=fy}}
|'lawa'
|&lt;!-- See West Frisian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kantones|Kantones]]
|{{lang|zh|[[Traditional Chinese characters|貓]]}} / {{lang|zh-Hani|[[Chinese Characters|猫]]}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|'''m'''āau]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Yue-maau1.ogg|[maːu̯˥]|help=no}}
|'pusa'
|&lt;!-- See Cantonese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kasaho|Kasaho]]
|{{lang|kk|[[Cyrillic script|ке'''м'''е]]}} / {{lang|kk-Latn|ke'''m'''e}}
|{{IPA|[keme]|lang=kk}}
|'barko'
|&lt;!-- See Kazakh phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Catalan|Katalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}}
|{{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''m'''eu]]}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmew]|lang=ca}}
|'akin'
|&lt;!-- See Catalan phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ket|Ket]]
|{{lang|ket|qī'''m'''-n-diŋa}}
|{{IPA|[qim n diŋa]|lang=ket}}
|'babae'
|&lt;!-- See Ket language --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Koreano|Koreano]]
|{{lang|ko-Hang|[[Hangul|'''섬''']]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|'''s'''eom]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9176 (kor)-호로조-섬.wav|[sʰʌ̹m]|lang=ko}}
|'bayong'
|&lt;!-- See Korean phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kurukh|Kuruk]]
|{{lang|kru|aḍḍō-'''m'''ekhō}}
|{{IPA|[aɖɖo mekʰo]|lang=kru}}
|'baka'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Lak|Lak]]
|{{lang|lbe|лакку '''м'''аз}} ({{transliteration|lbe|lakku '''m'''az}})
|{{IPA|[lakːu maz]|lang=lbe}}
|'Lak'
|&lt;!-- See Lak language --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Limburges|Limburges]]
|{{lang|li|de '''m'''oan}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q102172 (lim)-Asrono-maon.wav|[mɒ̌ːn]|lang=li}}
|'Buwan'
|&lt;!-- See Limburgish#Phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Malayalam|Malayalam]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=165}}
|{{lang|ml|[[Malayalam script|'''ക'''മ്മി]]}} ({{transliteration|ml|k'''a'''mmi}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q36236 (mal)-BhagyaMohan-കമ്മി.wav|[kɐmmi]|lang=ml}}
|'kakulangan'
|&lt;!-- See Malayalam phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Malayo|Malayo]]
|{{lang|ms|[[Malay alphabet|'''m'''ala'''m''']]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Ms-MY-malam.ogg|[mɐlɐm]|lang=ms}}
|'gabi'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Maldibo|Maldibo]]
|{{lang|dv|[[Thaana|'''m'''as]]}}
|{{IPA|[mas̪]|lang=dv}}
|'isda'
|&lt;!-- See Dhivehi phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Maltes|Maltes]]
|{{lang|mt|'''m'''i'''mm'''i}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-mimmi.wav|[mɪmːɪ]|lang=mt}}
|'mag-aaral'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Mandarin|Mandarin]]
|{{lang|cmn|[[Traditional Chinese characters|貓]]}} / {{lang|cmn|[[Chinese Characters|猫]]}} ({{Transliteration|cmn|Pinyin|[[Pinyin|'''m'''āo]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Zh-māo.oga|[mɑʊ̯˥]|help=no}}
|'pusa'
|&lt;!-- See Mandarin phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marathi|Marati]]
|{{lang|mr|[[Devanāgarī|'''म'''न]]}} ({{transliteration|mr|'''m'''ën}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1571 (mar)-नंदिनी रानडे-मन.wav|[mən]|lang=mr}}
|'isip'
|&lt;!-- See Marathi phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Masedonyo|Masedonyo]]
|{{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|'''м'''ајка]]}} ({{transliteration|mk|'''m'''ajka}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Jovan.kostov-мајка.wav|[ˈmajka]|lang=mk}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Macedonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Mutsun|Mutsun]]
|{{lang|css|'''m'''uruṭ}}
|{{IPA|[muɾuʈ]|lang=css}}
|'gabi'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nepali|Nepali]]
|{{lang|ne|[[Devanāgarī|आ'''मा''']]}} ({{transliteration|ne|āmā}})
|{{IPA|[ämä]|lang=ne}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Nepali phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Noruwego|Noruwego]]
|{{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|'''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-mamma.wav|[ˈmɑ̂mːɑ]|lang=no}}
|'mama'
|&lt;!-- See Norwegian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Odia language|Odia]]
|{{lang|or|[[Odia script|'''ମା''']]}} ({{transliteration|or|'''m'''ä}})
|{{Audio-IPA|ମା'-2.wav|[mäː]|lang=or}}
|'ina'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ojibwe|Ojibwe]]
|{{lang|oj|[[Ojibwe writing systems#Ojibwe syllabics|'''ᐊ'''ᓈ'''ᒥ'''ᒻ]]}} ({{transliteration|oj|anaa'''m'''i'''m'''}})
|{{IPA|[ənaːˈmɪm]|lang=oj}}
|'mag-akusa'
|&lt;!-- See Ojibwe phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Olandes|Olandes]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}}
|{{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''m'''ond]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Nl-mond.ogg|[mɔnt]|help=no}}
|'bibig'
|&lt;!-- See Dutch phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Persa|Persa]]
|{{lang|fa|[[Perso-Arabic script|مادر]]}} ({{lang|fa|'''m'''adär}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-مادر.wav|[mɒːˈdæːr]|lang=fa}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Persian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Finlandes|Pinlandes]]
|{{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|'''m'''ies]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Fi-mies.ogg|[ˈmie̞s̠]|help=no}}
|'lalaki'
|&lt;!-- See Finnish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Pirahã|Pirahã]]
|{{lang|myp-Latn|'''b'''aíxi}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmàí̯ʔì]|lang=myp}}
|'magulang'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Polako|Polako]]{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=103}}
|{{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''m'''asa]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Pl-masa.ogg|[ˈmäsä]|help=no}}
|'marami'
|&lt;!-- See Polish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Portuges|Portuges]]{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}
|{{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|'''m'''ato]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Pt-pt-mato.wav|[ˈmatu]|help=no}}
|'palumpong'
|&lt;!-- See Portuguese phonology
 --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Pranses|Pranses]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}
|{{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''m'''ère]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Fr-mère.ogg|[mɛːʁ]|help=no}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See French phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|{{lang|pa|[[Gurmukhi|'''ਮੈਂ''']]}} ({{transliteration|pa|'''m'''ēm̐}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q58635 (pan)-Usmaan (Middle river exports)-ਮੈਂ.wav|[mɛ̃ː]|lang=pa}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Sanskrito|Sanskrito]]
|{{lang|sa|[[Devanagari|अह'''म्''']]}} ({{Transliteration|sa|aha'''m'''}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q11059 (san)-Sriveenkat-अहम्.wav|[ähäm]|lang=sa}}
|'ako'
|&lt;!-- See Sanskrit phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Mga wikang Sapoteka|Sapoteka]]
|[[Wikang Sapoteka ng Tilquiapan|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=108}}
|{{lang|zts|'''m'''an}}
|{{IPA|[maŋ]|lang=zts}}
|'hayop'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Serbokroata|Serbokroata]]{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarića|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}}
|{{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''м'''оре]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''m'''ore]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sr-море.flac|[môːɾɛ]|lang=sh}}
|'dagat'
|&lt;!-- See Serbo-Croatian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Suweko|Suweko]]
|{{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|en '''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sv-mamma.ogg|[ˈmâmːa]|lang=sv}}
|'isang mama'
|&lt;!-- See Swedish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Swahili|Swahili]]
|{{lang|sw|[[Latin script|'''m'''iti]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sw-ke-miti.flac|[ˈmiti]|lang=sw}}
|'mga puno'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tailandes|Tailandes]]
|{{lang|th|[[Thai script|เ'''ม'''รุ'''ม'''าศ]]}} ({{Transliteration|th|'''m'''erú'''m'''âat}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Th-เมรุมาศ.ogg|[meː˧ɾ̞u˦˥maːt̚˥˩]|lang=th}}
|isang uri ng maharlikang libingan
|&lt;!-- See Thai phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Telugu|Telugu]]
|{{lang|te|[[Telugu script|'''మ'''బ్బు]]}} ({{Transliteration|te|'''m'''abbu}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8097 (tel)-V Bhavya-మబ్బు.wav|[mabːu]|lang=te}}
|'ulap'
|Nagaganap bilang alopono ng [[anuswara]] kapag sinundan ng [[Katinig na pasara|pasara]] [[Katinig sa dilang pulupot|sa dilang pulupot]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Toki Pona]]
|{{lang|tok|'''m'''a'''m'''a}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Toki Pona - jan Lakuse - mama.ogg|[ˈmama]|lang=tok}}
|'magulang'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tseko|Tseko]]
|{{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|'''m'''už]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Cs-muž.ogg|[muʃ]|help=no}}
|'lalaki'
|&lt;!-- See Czech phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tseroki|Tseroki]]
|{{lang|chr|[[Cherokee syllabary|Ꭰ'''Ꮉ''']]}} ({{transliteration|chr|a'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ama˦]|lang=chr}}
|'tubig'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsez|Tsez]]
|{{lang|ddo-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''ец]]}} ({{lang|ddo-Latn|'''m'''ec}})
|{{IPA|[mɛ̝t͡s]|lang=ddo}}
|'dila'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsubasyo|Tsubasyo]]
|{{lang|cv|'''м'''анăн}} ({{transliteration|cv|'''m'''anën}})
|{{IPA|[manən]|lang=cv}}
|'akin'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsuktsi|Tsuktsi]]
|{{lang|ckt|'''M'''анэгран}}
|{{IPA|[maneɣɻan]|lang=ckt}}
|'tolda'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Turko|Turko]]
|{{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|cu'''m'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Tr-cuma.ogg|[d͡ʒumɑ̈ː]|lang=tr}}
|'Biyernes'
|&lt;!-- See Turkish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ukranyo|Ukranyo]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}}
|{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|'''м'''олоко]]}} ({{transliteration|uk|'''m'''oloko}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Uk-молоко.ogg|[moɫoˈkʊ̯ɔ]|lang=uk}}
|'gatas'
|&lt;!-- See Ukrainian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ungaro|Ungaro]]
|{{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''m'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Hu-ma.ogg|[mɒ]|help=no}}
|'ngayon'
|&lt;!-- See Hungarian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Urdu]]
|{{lang|ur|[[nasta'liq|'''نع'''م]]|rtl=yes}} ({{transliteration|ur|'''m'''agar}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-مگر.wav|[məɣəɾ]|lang=ur}}
|'bahay'
|&lt;!-- See Hindi-Urdu phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Usbeko|Usbeko]]
|{{lang|uz|[[Uzbek alphabet|men]]}}
|{{IPA|[men]|lang=uz}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Uighur|Uygur]]
|{{lang|ug|[[Uyghur alphabet|م'''ەن''']]}} ({{transliteration|ug|'''m'''än}})
|{{IPA|[mæn]|lang=ug}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Yi|Yi]]
|{{lang|ii|[[Yi script|ꂷ]]}} ({{transliteration|ii|'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ma˧]|lang=ii}}
|'kawayan'
|
|}

=== Palatalisado ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/mʲ/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bepsyo|Bepsyo]]{{sfnp|Grünthal|2022|p=294}}
|{{lang|vep|ne'''m'''&lt;nowiki&gt;'&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
|{{IPA|[nemʲ]|lang=vep}}
|'tangway'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Grünthal|2022|p=294}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bulgaro|Bulgaro]]{{sfnp|Klagstad|1958|p=48}}
|{{lang|bg|'''м'''я́сто}} ({{transliteration|bg|'''m'''ästo}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Bogomilshopov-място.wav|[mʲa̟sto]|lang=bg}}
|'lugar'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Bulgarian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Irlandes|Irlandes]]
|{{lang|ga|'''m'''é}}
|{{IPA|[mʲeː]|lang=ga}}
|'ako'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mˠ/}}. &lt;!-- See Irish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kildin Saami|Kildin Saami]]{{sfnp|Rießler|2022|p=222}}
|{{lang|sjd|'''м'''е̄рр}} ({{transliteration|sjd|'''mʹ'''ērr}})
|{{IPA|[mʲerː]|lang=sjd}}
|'dagat'
|Nagtatangi sa mga barayti ng [[Katinig na pailong|pailong]] [[Katinig sa parehong labi|sa parehong labi]] pagdating sa [[Tunog (ponetika)|tunog]], haba, at palatalisasyon.{{sfnp|Rießler|2022|p=222}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Latgalyano|Latgalyano]]{{sfnp|Nau|2011|p=12, 14}}
|{{lang|ltg|'''m'''iļti}}
|{{IPA|[mʲilʲtʲi]|lang=ltg}}
|'harina'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Nau|2011|p=12, 14}}&lt;!-- See Latgalian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Litwano|Litwano]]
|{{lang|lt|'''m'''erkti}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Lt-mérkti.oga|[ˈmʲæ̂ˑɾʲktʲɪ]|lang=lt}}
|'pumikit'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Lithuanian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marshales|Marshales]]{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|{{lang|mh|e'''mā'''n}}
|{{IPA|[ɛmʲænʲ]|lang=mh}}
|'apat'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mˠ/}}.{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mga wikang Nenets|Nenets]]
|[[Wikang Forest Nenets|Forest Nenets]]{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|{{Lang|yrk|миԓи}}/{{Transliteration|yrk|'''m'''iłi}}
|{{IPA|[miɬi]}}
|'nabuhay'
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|-
|[[Wikang Tundra Nenets|Tundra Nenets]]{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|{{lang|yrk|'''м'''яˮ}}/{{transliteration|yrk|'''ḿ'''aq}}
|{{IPA|[mʲɑ]}}{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=681}}
|'tolda'
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ruso|Ruso]]
|{{lang|ru|'''м'''едь}} ({{transliteration|ru|'''m'''ěď}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ru-медь.ogg|[mʲetʲ]|help=no}}
|'tanso'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Russian phonology --&gt;
|}

=== Belarisado ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/mˠ/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Gilbertes|Gilbertes]]{{sfnp|Trussel|Groves|1978}}
|{{lang|gil|'''mw'''e}}
|{{IPA|[mˠe]|lang=gil}}
|'matulog'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}} at {{IPA|/mː/}}.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Irlandes|Irlandes]]
|{{lang|ga|'''m'''á}}
|{{IPA|[mˠɑː]|lang=ga}}
|'kung'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.&lt;!-- See Irish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Litwano|Litwano]]{{sfnp|Ambrazas et al.|1997|pp=15, 36}}
|{{lang|lt|'''m'''a'''m'''a}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmˠɐmˠɐ]|lang=lt}}
|'mama'
|Sinusulat bilang {{IPA|/m/}}. Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Ambrazas et al.|1997|pp=35-6}} &lt;!-- See Lithuanian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marshales|Marshales]]{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|{{lang|mh|'''m̧w'''ina'''m̧'''ōn}}
|{{IPA|[mˠinʲɑmˠʌnʲ]|lang=mh}}
|'higad'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ruso|Ruso]]{{sfnp|Padgett|2003|p=42}}
|{{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''м'''уж]]}} ({{transliteration|ru|'''m'''už}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ru-муж.ogg|[mˠuʂ]|help=no}}
|'asawang lalaki'
|Minamarkahan madalas bilang may [[belarisasyon]], [[ubularisasyon]], o [[paringalisasyon]].{{sfnp|Roon|Whalen|2019}}{{sfnp|Padgett|Bennett|McGuire|Ní Chiosáin|2024}} Itinatangi sa anyong [[Palatalisasyon|palatalisado]].&lt;!-- See Russian phonology
 --&gt;
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]]

== Sanggunian ==

=== Pagsipi ===
{{Reflist}}

===Pinagkunan===
{{refbegin|30em}}
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|trans-title=Kastila
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|lang=en
|publisher=University of Hawaii
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}}
{{refend}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|m}}
* {{phoible|mʲ}}
* {{phoible|mˠ}}
{{IPA navigation}}
[[Kategorya:Katinig sa parehong labi]]
[[Kategorya:Pulmonikong katinig]]
[[Kategorya:Katinig na pailong]]
[[Kategorya:Matunog na katinig]]</text>
      <sha1>pyaurnewjtmqi0rr8eig4bwiy3f85vs</sha1>
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      <text bytes="32915" sha1="0kd7lzvt8dn5ro5xzzs47nsupvlnkza" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|ipa symbol=m|ipa number=114|decimal=109|xsampa=m|braille=134|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x006D.svg}}{{IPA notice}}
'''Matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa paréhong labì''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng {{IPA|⟨m⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Isa ito sa mga pinakakaraniwang katinig sa mga wika ng mundo, kung saan tinatayang nasa 96% ng lahat ng mga wika ay may ganitong tunog. Meron ito sa [[wikang Tagalog]], na sinusulat gamit ang titik ''[[M]]'' (maliit ''m'') sa [[sulat Latin]] at maririnig sa mga salitang ''mapa'' at ''paalam''. Napakakonti lamang ng mga wikang walang ganitong tunog kagaya ng [[wikang Wyandot]] sa [[Estados Unidos]], habang mas kaunti pa ang mga wikang walang kahit anong malayang [[katinig na pailong]] tulad naman sa mga [[wikang Quileute]], [[Wikang Makah|Makah]], at [[Wikang Gitnang Rotokas|Gitnang Rotokas]].

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi sa mga sumusunod na katangian:

{{nasal stop}} {{bilabial}} {{voiced}} {{nasal}} {{Median–lateral}} {{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/m/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mga wikang ǃKung|ǃKung]]
|{{lang|kfl|'''m'''}}
|{{IPA|[m]|lang=kfl}}
|'kumain'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Adige|Adige]]
|{{lang|ady-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''азэ]]}} / {{lang|ady-Latn|māză}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Maːza.ogg|[maːza]|lang=ady}}
|'Buwan'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]]
|{{lang|de|[[German orthography|'''M'''aus]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|De-Maus.ogg|[maʊ̯s]|help=no}}
|'daga'
|&lt;!-- See Standard German phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Wikang Arabe|Arabe]]
|[[Modern Standard Arabic|Pamantayan]]{{sfnp|Thelwall|1990|p=37}}
|{{lang|ar|[[Arabic alphabet|م'''ركز''']]}} ({{transliteration|ar|'''m'''arkaz}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ar-مركز.ogg|[ˈmɑ̝ɾ.kæz]|lang=ar}}
|'kabisera'
|&lt;!-- See Arabic phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Armenian language|Armenyo]]
|[[Silangang wikang Armenyo|Silangan]]{{sfnp|Dum-Tragut|2009|p=19}}
|{{lang|hy|[[Armenian alphabet|'''մ'''այր]]}} ({{transliteration|hy|'''m'''ayr}})
|{{Audio-IPA|mɑjɾ.ogg|[mɑjɾ]}}
|'ina'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Asiryano]]
|{{lang|aii|[[Syriac alphabet|ܡܪܐ]]}} ({{transliteration|aii|'''m'''ara}})
|{{IPA|[maːra]|lang=aii}}
|'may-ari'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Basko|Basko]]
|{{lang|eu|[[Basque alphabet|'''m'''aitatu]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8752 (eus)-Xabier Cañas-maitatu.wav|[majt̪at̪u]|lang=eu}}
|'magmahal'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|{{lang|bn|[[Bengali alphabet|'''মা'''তা]]}} ({{transliteration|bn|'''m'''ata}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-মাতা.wav|[ˈmat̪aˑ]|lang=bn}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Bengali phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Biyetnamita|Biyetnames]]{{sfnp|Thompson|1959|pp=458–461}}
|{{lang|vi|[[Vietnamese alphabet|'''m'''uối]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Muối.ogg|[mwojˀ˧˥]|lang=vi}}
|'asin'
|&lt;!-- See Vietnamese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Breton|Breton]]
|{{lang|br|'''m'''or}}
|{{IPA|[mor]|lang=br}}
|'dagat'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bulgaro|Bulgaro]]
|{{lang|bg|[[Bulgarian alphabet|'''м'''ъгла]]}} ({{lang|bg|'''m'''ygla}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-мъгла.wav|[mɐˈɡwa]|lang=bg}}
|'hamog'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Burushaski|Burushaski]]
|{{lang|bsk|akhuru'''m'''an}}
|{{IPA|[akʰuruman]|lang=bsk}}
|'napakarami'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Eslobako|Eslobako]]
|{{lang|sk|[[Slovak alphabet|'''m'''už]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9058 (slk)-TomášPolonec-muž.wav|[muʂ]|lang=sk}}
|'lalaki'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Esloveno|Eslobeno]]
|{{lang|sl|[[Slovene alphabet|'''m'''iš]]}}
|{{IPA|[mîʃ]|lang=sl}}
|'daga'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kastila|Espanyol]]{{sfnp|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=255}}
|{{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|'''m'''a'''m'''ar]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Marreromarco-mamar.wav|[maˈmaɾ]|lang=es}}
|'sumuso'
|&lt;!-- See Spanish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Esperanto]]
|{{lang|eo|[[Esperanto orthography|'''m'''ateno]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Eo-mateno.ogg|[maˈteno]|help=no}}
|'umaga'
|&lt;!-- See Esperanto phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Estonyo|Estonyo]]
|''[[Estonian orthography|'''m'''adu]]''
|{{Audio-IPA|Et-madu.ogg|[ˈmɑtu̞]|lang=et}}
|'ahas'
|&lt;!-- See Estonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Filipino language|Filipino]]
|{{lang|fil|[[Filipino orthography|'''m'''anok]]}}
|{{audio-IPA|LL-Q34057 (tgl)-Dylanitable-manok.wav|[mɐˈnɔʔk]|lang=fil}}
|'manok'
|&lt;!-- See Filipino phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Gales|Gales]]
|{{lang|cy|[[Welsh alphabet|'''m'''a'''m''']]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Cy-mam.ogg|[mam]|help=no}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Welsh phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]]{{sfnp|Newton|1972|p=10}}
|{{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|'''μ'''άζα]]}} ({{Transliteration|el|[[Romanization of Greek|'''m'''aza]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|EL-μάζα.ogg|[ˈmaza]|help=no}}
|'kumpol'
|&lt;!-- See Modern Greek phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Guharati|Guharati]]
|{{lang|gu|[[Gujarati alphabet|'''મો'''ર]]}} ({{Transliteration|gu|'''m'''ór}})
|{{IPA|[moːɾ]|lang=gu}}
|'lalaking [[paboreal]]'
|&lt;!-- See Gujarati phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]]{{sfnp|Okada|1999|p=117}}
|{{lang|ja|[[kanji|マーク]]}} ({{Transliteration|ja|[[Romanization of Japanese|'''m'''aku]]}})
|{{IPA|[mäkɯ]|lang=ja}}
|'marka'
|&lt;!-- See Japanese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hawayano|Hawayano]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=139}}
|{{lang|haw|[[Hawaiian alphabet|'''m'''aka]]}}
|{{IPA|[maka]|lang=haw}}
|'mata'
|&lt;!-- See Hawaiian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hebreo|Hebreo]]
|{{lang|he|[[Hebrew alphabet|א'''מ'''א]]}} ({{transliteration|he|i'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ˈʔimäʔ]|lang=he}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Modern Hebrew phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hemer|Hemer]]
|{{lang|km|[[Khmer script|'''ខ្មែ'''រ]]}} ({{transliteration|km|kh'''m'''ae}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Km-ខ្មែរ.ogg|[kʰmae]|lang=km}}
|'[[Kambodya|Hemer]]'
|&lt;!-- See Khmer phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Heorhiyano|Heorhiyano]]{{sfnp|Shosted|Chikovani|2006|p=255}}
|{{lang|ka|[[Georgian alphabet|სა'''მ'''ი]]}} ({{Transliteration|ka|sa'''m'''i}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8108 (kat)-Jana (Guilhelma)-სამი.wav|[ˈsami̞]|lang=ka}}
|'tatlo'
|&lt;!-- See Georgian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Hindi]]
|{{lang|hi|[[Devanāgarī|'''म'''छली]]}} ({{transliteration|hi|'''ma'''chlī}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1568 (hin)-AryamanA-मछली.wav|[mɐt͡ʃʰ.liː]|lang=hi}}
|'[[Pulot|pulót]]'
|&lt;!-- See Hindi-Urdu phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Wikang Hmong|Hmong]]
|Puting Hmong
|{{script|Hmng|𖬒𖬶[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬦]]}} ({{lang|hmv-Latn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet|'''m'''ov]]}})
|{{IPA|[mo˨˦]|lang=hmv}}
|'pagkain' o 'kanin'
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]]{{sfnp|Soderberg|Olson|2008|p=210}}
|{{lang|id|'''m'''asuk}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmäsʊʔ]|lang=id}}
|'pumasok'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]
|{{Lang|en|'''m'''ap}}
|{{Audio-IPA|en-us-map.ogg|[ˈmæpʰ]|help=no}}
|'mapa'
|&lt;!-- See English phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Italyano|Italyano]]{{sfnp|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=117}}
|{{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|'''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q652 (ita)-Happypheasant-mamma.wav|[ˈmamma]|help=no}}
|'mama'
|&lt;!-- See Italian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kabardiyano|Kabardiyano]]
|{{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''азэ]]}} ({{transliteration|kbd|mazè}})
|{{IPA|[maːza]|lang=kbd}}
|'Buwan'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kagayanën|Kagayanen]]{{sfnp|Olson|Mielke|Sanicas-Daguman|Pebley|2010|pp=206–207}}
|{{lang|cgc|'''m'''anang}}
|{{IPA|[manaŋ]|lang=cgc}}
|'ate'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Kanlurang wikang Prisiyano|Kanlurang Prisiyano]]
|{{lang|fy|'''m'''ar}}
|{{IPA|[mar]|lang=fy}}
|'lawa'
|&lt;!-- See West Frisian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kantones|Kantones]]
|{{lang|zh|[[Traditional Chinese characters|貓]]}} / {{lang|zh-Hani|[[Chinese Characters|猫]]}} ({{lang|zh-Latn|[[Yale romanization of Cantonese|'''m'''āau]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Yue-maau1.ogg|[maːu̯˥]|help=no}}
|'pusa'
|&lt;!-- See Cantonese phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kasaho|Kasaho]]
|{{lang|kk|[[Cyrillic script|ке'''м'''е]]}} / {{lang|kk-Latn|ke'''m'''e}}
|{{IPA|[keme]|lang=kk}}
|'barko'
|&lt;!-- See Kazakh phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Catalan|Katalan]]{{sfnp|Carbonell|Llisterri|1992|p=53}}
|{{lang|ca|[[Catalan orthography|'''m'''eu]]}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmew]|lang=ca}}
|'akin'
|&lt;!-- See Catalan phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ket|Ket]]
|{{lang|ket|qī'''m'''-n-diŋa}}
|{{IPA|[qim n diŋa]|lang=ket}}
|'babae'
|&lt;!-- See Ket language --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Koreano|Koreano]]
|{{lang|ko-Hang|[[Hangul|'''섬''']]}} / {{lang|ko-Latn|[[Revised Romanization of Korean|'''s'''eom]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9176 (kor)-호로조-섬.wav|[sʰʌ̹m]|lang=ko}}
|'bayong'
|&lt;!-- See Korean phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kurukh|Kuruk]]
|{{lang|kru|aḍḍō-'''m'''ekhō}}
|{{IPA|[aɖɖo mekʰo]|lang=kru}}
|'baka'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Lak|Lak]]
|{{lang|lbe|лакку '''м'''аз}} ({{transliteration|lbe|lakku '''m'''az}})
|{{IPA|[lakːu maz]|lang=lbe}}
|'Lak'
|&lt;!-- See Lak language --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Limburges|Limburges]]
|{{lang|li|de '''m'''oan}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q102172 (lim)-Asrono-maon.wav|[mɒ̌ːn]|lang=li}}
|'Buwan'
|&lt;!-- See Limburgish#Phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Malayalam|Malayalam]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|2005|p=165}}
|{{lang|ml|[[Malayalam script|'''ക'''മ്മി]]}} ({{transliteration|ml|k'''a'''mmi}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q36236 (mal)-BhagyaMohan-കമ്മി.wav|[kɐmmi]|lang=ml}}
|'kakulangan'
|&lt;!-- See Malayalam phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Malayo|Malayo]]
|{{lang|ms|[[Malay alphabet|'''m'''ala'''m''']]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Ms-MY-malam.ogg|[mɐlɐm]|lang=ms}}
|'gabi'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Maldibo|Maldibo]]
|{{lang|dv|[[Thaana|'''m'''as]]}}
|{{IPA|[mas̪]|lang=dv}}
|'isda'
|&lt;!-- See Dhivehi phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Maltes|Maltes]]
|{{lang|mt|'''m'''i'''mm'''i}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9166 (mlt)-GħawdxiVeru-mimmi.wav|[mɪmːɪ]|lang=mt}}
|'mag-aaral'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Mandarin|Mandarin]]
|{{lang|cmn|[[Traditional Chinese characters|貓]]}} / {{lang|cmn|[[Chinese Characters|猫]]}} ({{Transliteration|cmn|Pinyin|[[Pinyin|'''m'''āo]]}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Zh-māo.oga|[mɑʊ̯˥]|help=no}}
|'pusa'
|&lt;!-- See Mandarin phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marathi|Marati]]
|{{lang|mr|[[Devanāgarī|'''म'''न]]}} ({{transliteration|mr|'''m'''ën}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1571 (mar)-नंदिनी रानडे-मन.wav|[mən]|lang=mr}}
|'isip'
|&lt;!-- See Marathi phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Masedonyo|Masedonyo]]
|{{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|'''м'''ајка]]}} ({{transliteration|mk|'''m'''ajka}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9296 (mkd)-Jovan.kostov-мајка.wav|[ˈmajka]|lang=mk}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Macedonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Mutsun|Mutsun]]
|{{lang|css|'''m'''uruṭ}}
|{{IPA|[muɾuʈ]|lang=css}}
|'gabi'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nepali|Nepali]]
|{{lang|ne|[[Devanāgarī|आ'''मा''']]}} ({{transliteration|ne|āmā}})
|{{IPA|[ämä]|lang=ne}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Nepali phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Noruwego|Noruwego]]
|{{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|'''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9043 (nor)-Telaneo-mamma.wav|[ˈmɑ̂mːɑ]|lang=no}}
|'mama'
|&lt;!-- See Norwegian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Odia language|Odia]]
|{{lang|or|[[Odia script|'''ମା''']]}} ({{transliteration|or|'''m'''ä}})
|{{Audio-IPA|ମା'-2.wav|[mäː]|lang=or}}
|'ina'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ojibwe|Ojibwe]]
|{{lang|oj|[[Ojibwe writing systems#Ojibwe syllabics|'''ᐊ'''ᓈ'''ᒥ'''ᒻ]]}} ({{transliteration|oj|anaa'''m'''i'''m'''}})
|{{IPA|[ənaːˈmɪm]|lang=oj}}
|'mag-akusa'
|&lt;!-- See Ojibwe phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Olandes|Olandes]]{{sfnp|Gussenhoven|1992|p=45}}
|{{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|'''m'''ond]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Nl-mond.ogg|[mɔnt]|help=no}}
|'bibig'
|&lt;!-- See Dutch phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Persa|Persa]]
|{{lang|fa|[[Perso-Arabic script|مادر]]}} ({{lang|fa|'''m'''adär}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q9168 (fas)-Mazanin (مازنین)-مادر.wav|[mɒːˈdæːr]|lang=fa}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See Persian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Finlandes|Pinlandes]]
|{{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|'''m'''ies]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Fi-mies.ogg|[ˈmie̞s̠]|help=no}}
|'lalaki'
|&lt;!-- See Finnish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Pirahã|Pirahã]]
|{{lang|myp-Latn|'''b'''aíxi}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmàí̯ʔì]|lang=myp}}
|'magulang'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/b/}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Polako|Polako]]{{sfnp|Jassem|2003|p=103}}
|{{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|'''m'''asa]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Pl-masa.ogg|[ˈmäsä]|help=no}}
|'marami'
|&lt;!-- See Polish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Portuges|Portuges]]{{sfnp|Cruz-Ferreira|1995|p=91}}
|{{lang|pt|[[Portuguese orthography|'''m'''ato]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Pt-pt-mato.wav|[ˈmatu]|help=no}}
|'palumpong'
|&lt;!-- See Portuguese phonology
 --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Pranses|Pranses]]{{sfnp|Fougeron|Smith|1993|p=73}}
|{{lang|fr|[[French orthography|'''m'''ère]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Fr-mère.ogg|[mɛːʁ]|help=no}}
|'ina'
|&lt;!-- See French phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
|{{lang|pa|[[Gurmukhi|'''ਮੈਂ''']]}} ({{transliteration|pa|'''m'''ēm̐}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q58635 (pan)-Usmaan (Middle river exports)-ਮੈਂ.wav|[mɛ̃ː]|lang=pa}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Sanskrito|Sanskrito]]
|{{lang|sa|[[Devanagari|अह'''म्''']]}} ({{Transliteration|sa|aha'''m'''}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q11059 (san)-Sriveenkat-अहम्.wav|[ähäm]|lang=sa}}
|'ako'
|&lt;!-- See Sanskrit phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Mga wikang Sapoteka|Sapoteka]]
|[[Wikang Sapoteka ng Tilquiapan|Tilquiapan]]{{sfnp|Merrill|2008|p=108}}
|{{lang|zts|'''m'''an}}
|{{IPA|[maŋ]|lang=zts}}
|'hayop'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Serbokroata|Serbokroata]]{{sfnp|Landau|Lončarića|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}}
|{{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|'''м'''оре]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|'''m'''ore]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sr-море.flac|[môːɾɛ]|lang=sh}}
|'dagat'
|&lt;!-- See Serbo-Croatian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Suweko|Suweko]]
|{{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|en '''m'''a'''mm'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sv-mamma.ogg|[ˈmâmːa]|lang=sv}}
|'isang mama'
|&lt;!-- See Swedish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Swahili|Swahili]]
|{{lang|sw|[[Latin script|'''m'''iti]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Sw-ke-miti.flac|[ˈmiti]|lang=sw}}
|'mga puno'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tailandes|Tailandes]]
|{{lang|th|[[Thai script|เ'''ม'''รุ'''ม'''าศ]]}} ({{Transliteration|th|'''m'''erú'''m'''âat}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Th-เมรุมาศ.ogg|[meː˧ɾ̞u˦˥maːt̚˥˩]|lang=th}}
|isang uri ng maharlikang libingan
|&lt;!-- See Thai phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Telugu|Telugu]]
|{{lang|te|[[Telugu script|'''మ'''బ్బు]]}} ({{Transliteration|te|'''m'''abbu}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q8097 (tel)-V Bhavya-మబ్బు.wav|[mabːu]|lang=te}}
|'ulap'
|Nagaganap bilang alopono ng [[anuswara]] kapag sinundan ng [[Katinig na pasara|pasara]] [[Katinig sa dilang pulupot|sa dilang pulupot]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Toki Pona]]
|{{lang|tok|'''m'''a'''m'''a}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Toki Pona - jan Lakuse - mama.ogg|[ˈmama]|lang=tok}}
|'magulang'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tseko|Tseko]]
|{{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|'''m'''už]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Cs-muž.ogg|[muʃ]|help=no}}
|'lalaki'
|&lt;!-- See Czech phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tseroki|Tseroki]]
|{{lang|chr|[[Cherokee syllabary|Ꭰ'''Ꮉ''']]}} ({{transliteration|chr|a'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ama˦]|lang=chr}}
|'tubig'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsez|Tsez]]
|{{lang|ddo-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''м'''ец]]}} ({{lang|ddo-Latn|'''m'''ec}})
|{{IPA|[mɛ̝t͡s]|lang=ddo}}
|'dila'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsubasyo|Tsubasyo]]
|{{lang|cv|'''м'''анăн}} ({{transliteration|cv|'''m'''anën}})
|{{IPA|[manən]|lang=cv}}
|'akin'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Tsuktsi|Tsuktsi]]
|{{lang|ckt|'''M'''анэгран}}
|{{IPA|[maneɣɻan]|lang=ckt}}
|'tolda'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Turko|Turko]]
|{{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|cu'''m'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Tr-cuma.ogg|[d͡ʒumɑ̈ː]|lang=tr}}
|'Biyernes'
|&lt;!-- See Turkish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ukranyo|Ukranyo]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=4}}
|{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|'''м'''олоко]]}} ({{transliteration|uk|'''m'''oloko}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Uk-молоко.ogg|[moɫoˈkʊ̯ɔ]|lang=uk}}
|'gatas'
|&lt;!-- See Ukrainian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ungaro|Ungaro]]
|{{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|'''m'''a]]}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Hu-ma.ogg|[mɒ]|help=no}}
|'ngayon'
|&lt;!-- See Hungarian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Urdu]]
|{{lang|ur|[[nasta'liq|'''نع'''م]]|rtl=yes}} ({{transliteration|ur|'''m'''agar}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-مگر.wav|[məɣəɾ]|lang=ur}}
|'bahay'
|&lt;!-- See Hindi-Urdu phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Usbeko|Usbeko]]
|{{lang|uz|[[Uzbek alphabet|men]]}}
|{{IPA|[men]|lang=uz}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Uighur|Uygur]]
|{{lang|ug|[[Uyghur alphabet|م'''ەن''']]}} ({{transliteration|ug|'''m'''än}})
|{{IPA|[mæn]|lang=ug}}
|'ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Yi|Yi]]
|{{lang|ii|[[Yi script|ꂷ]]}} ({{transliteration|ii|'''m'''a}})
|{{IPA|[ma˧]|lang=ii}}
|'kawayan'
|
|}

=== Palatalisado ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/mʲ/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bepsyo|Bepsyo]]{{sfnp|Grünthal|2022|p=294}}
|{{lang|vep|ne'''m'''&lt;nowiki&gt;'&lt;/nowiki&gt;}}
|{{IPA|[nemʲ]|lang=vep}}
|'tangway'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Grünthal|2022|p=294}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Bulgaro|Bulgaro]]{{sfnp|Klagstad|1958|p=48}}
|{{lang|bg|'''м'''я́сто}} ({{transliteration|bg|'''m'''ästo}})
|{{Audio-IPA|LL-Q7918 (bul)-Bogomilshopov-място.wav|[mʲa̟sto]|lang=bg}}
|'lugar'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Bulgarian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Irlandes|Irlandes]]
|{{lang|ga|'''m'''é}}
|{{IPA|[mʲeː]|lang=ga}}
|'ako'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mˠ/}}. &lt;!-- See Irish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kildin Saami|Kildin Saami]]{{sfnp|Rießler|2022|p=222}}
|{{lang|sjd|'''м'''е̄рр}} ({{transliteration|sjd|'''mʹ'''ērr}})
|{{IPA|[mʲerː]|lang=sjd}}
|'dagat'
|Nagtatangi sa mga barayti ng [[Katinig na pailong|pailong]] [[Katinig sa parehong labi|sa parehong labi]] pagdating sa [[Tunog (ponetika)|tunog]], haba, at palatalisasyon.{{sfnp|Rießler|2022|p=222}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Latgalyano|Latgalyano]]{{sfnp|Nau|2011|p=12, 14}}
|{{lang|ltg|'''m'''iļti}}
|{{IPA|[mʲilʲtʲi]|lang=ltg}}
|'harina'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Nau|2011|p=12, 14}}&lt;!-- See Latgalian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Litwano|Litwano]]
|{{lang|lt|'''m'''erkti}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Lt-mérkti.oga|[ˈmʲæ̂ˑɾʲktʲɪ]|lang=lt}}
|'pumikit'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Lithuanian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marshales|Marshales]]{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|{{lang|mh|e'''mā'''n}}
|{{IPA|[ɛmʲænʲ]|lang=mh}}
|'apat'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mˠ/}}.{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mga wikang Nenets|Nenets]]
|[[Wikang Forest Nenets|Forest Nenets]]{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|{{Lang|yrk|миԓи}}/{{Transliteration|yrk|'''m'''iłi}}
|{{IPA|[miɬi]}}
|'nabuhay'
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|-
|[[Wikang Tundra Nenets|Tundra Nenets]]{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=680}}
|{{lang|yrk|'''м'''яˮ}}/{{transliteration|yrk|'''ḿ'''aq}}
|{{IPA|[mʲɑ]}}{{sfnp|Burkova|2022|p=681}}
|'tolda'
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ruso|Ruso]]
|{{lang|ru|'''м'''едь}} ({{transliteration|ru|'''m'''ěď}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ru-медь.ogg|[mʲetʲ]|help=no}}
|'tanso'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. &lt;!-- See Russian phonology --&gt;
|}

=== Belarisado ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Pagkakaroon ng {{IPA|/mˠ/}} sa iba't ibang wika
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |Wika
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Salita
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Kahulugan
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Gilbertes|Gilbertes]]{{sfnp|Trussel|Groves|1978}}
|{{lang|gil|'''mw'''e}}
|{{IPA|[mˠe]|lang=gil}}
|'matulog'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}} at {{IPA|/mː/}}.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Irlandes|Irlandes]]
|{{lang|ga|'''m'''á}}
|{{IPA|[mˠɑː]|lang=ga}}
|'kung'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.&lt;!-- See Irish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Litwano|Litwano]]{{sfnp|Ambrazas et al.|1997|pp=15, 36}}
|{{lang|lt|'''m'''a'''m'''a}}
|{{IPA|[ˈmˠɐmˠɐ]|lang=lt}}
|'mama'
|Sinusulat bilang {{IPA|/m/}}. Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Ambrazas et al.|1997|pp=35-6}} &lt;!-- See Lithuanian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Marshales|Marshales]]{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|{{lang|mh|'''m̧w'''ina'''m̧'''ōn}}
|{{IPA|[mˠinʲɑmˠʌnʲ]|lang=mh}}
|'higad'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/mʲ/}}.{{sfnp|Choi|1992|p=14}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ruso|Ruso]]{{sfnp|Padgett|2003|p=42}}
|{{lang|ru|[[Russian orthography|'''м'''уж]]}} ({{transliteration|ru|'''m'''už}})
|{{Audio-IPA|Ru-муж.ogg|[mˠuʂ]|help=no}}
|'asawang lalaki'
|Minamarkahan madalas bilang may [[belarisasyon]], [[ubularisasyon]], o [[paringalisasyon]].{{sfnp|Roon|Whalen|2019}}{{sfnp|Padgett|Bennett|McGuire|Ní Chiosáin|2024}} Itinatangi sa anyong [[Palatalisasyon|palatalisado]].&lt;!-- See Russian phonology
 --&gt;
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]]

== Sanggunian ==

=== Pagsipi ===
{{Reflist}}

===Pinagkunan===
{{refbegin|30em}}
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|trans-title=Kastila
|lang=en
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|lang=en
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}}
{{refend}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|m}}
* {{phoible|mʲ}}
* {{phoible|mˠ}}
{{IPA navigation}}
[[Kategorya:Katinig sa parehong labi]]
[[Kategorya:Pulmonikong katinig]]
[[Kategorya:Katinig na pailong]]
[[Kategorya:Matunog na katinig]]</text>
      <sha1>0kd7lzvt8dn5ro5xzzs47nsupvlnkza</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Obet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>339271</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241170</id>
      <parentid>2226724</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:11:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241170</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="562" sha1="4xszpqbonaxui491u0zfmsknp97q22s" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Obet''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Super Bagyong Ompong|Ompong]] noong 2018.

* Bagyong Obet (2022) - ay isang mahinang bagyo sa [[Hilagang Luzon]], partikular sa [[Batanes]]. 
* Bagyong Obet (2026) - ay isang bagyo na tumama sa [[Tsina]] na may internasyonal na pangalang Saudel.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Neneng|Neneng]]|title=Kapalitan|years=Obet|after=[[Bagyong Pilandok|Pilandok]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Obet}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>4xszpqbonaxui491u0zfmsknp97q22s</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Ada</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>339420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241174</id>
      <parentid>2226733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:12:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="453" sha1="6z1bggrfkg7012u65u6ecm98pgg5xlt" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Ada''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Agaton|Agaton]] noong 2022.

* Bagyong Ada (2026) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Nokaen''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Zoraida|Zoraida]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Ada|after=[[Bagyong Basyang|Basyang]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ada}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>6z1bggrfkg7012u65u6ecm98pgg5xlt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Pilandok</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>339426</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241116</id>
      <parentid>2226725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:30:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241116</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="492" sha1="fr61fvontr7jmvh5ijgpqje3k07j2bl" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''[[Usa|Pilandok]]''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Paeng]] noong 2022.

* Bagyong Pilandok (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Krovanh''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Obet|Obet]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Pilandok|after=[[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilandok}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>fr61fvontr7jmvh5ijgpqje3k07j2bl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241171</id>
      <parentid>2241116</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:11:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241171</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="498" sha1="isp1jx776v9ul4sm6u94iyplqa2fswv" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''[[Usa|Pilandok]]''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.

Na ipininalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Paeng|Paeng]] noong 2022.

* Bagyong Pilandok (2026) - ay isang bagyo sa [[Dagat Pilipinas]], na may internasyonal na pangalang ''Krovanh''.

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Obet|Obet]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Pilandok|after=[[Bagyong Queenie|Queenie]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pilandok}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>isp1jx776v9ul4sm6u94iyplqa2fswv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Yayang</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>339428</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241150</id>
      <parentid>2226418</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:48:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241150</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1232" sha1="artv3yl0x7xuj2xwoarh1fv61ke099s" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Yayang''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.
* Bagyong Yayang (1967) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Freda.
* Bagyong Yayang (1971) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Bess.
* Bagyong Yayang (1979) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Vera.
* Bagyong Yayang (1983) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Percy.
* Bagyong Yayang (1991) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Wilda.
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (1995)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (1999)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2002)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2006)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2010)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2014)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2018)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2026)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Waldo}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Yayang|after={{tcname unused|Zeny}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yayang}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>artv3yl0x7xuj2xwoarh1fv61ke099s</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241151</id>
      <parentid>2241150</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T05:49:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241151</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1230" sha1="1mu35jydiksmsouf65vwrdxbj7kvfjl" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''Yayang''' ay nagamit sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga nagdaang taon ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko.
* Bagyong Yayang (1967) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Freda.
* Bagyong Yayang (1971) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Bess.
* Bagyong Yayang (1979) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Vera.
* Bagyong Yayang (1983) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Percy.
* Bagyong Yayang (1991) - ay isang bagyo na may internasyonal na pangalang Wilda.
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (1995)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (1999)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2002)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2006)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2010)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2014)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2018)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
** {{tcname unused|Bagyong Yayang (2026)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before={{tcname unused|Waldo}}|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years=Yayang|after={{tcname unused|Zeny}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yayang}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>1mu35jydiksmsouf65vwrdxbj7kvfjl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340023</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241089</id>
      <parentid>2231572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:10:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Wika */</comment>
      <origin>2241089</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12738" sha1="acemaep2sznegqbj4dndd87llj36pa0" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|ipa symbol=m̥|ipa symbol2=m̊|ipa number=114+402A|xsampa=m_0|braille=134|braille2=6|braille3=ed}}
'''Di-matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa paréhong labì''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng {{IPA|⟨m̥⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]]. Di tulad ng [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi|matunog na kapares]] nito, pawang ginagamit lamang ang tunog na ito sa ilang mga wika sa mundo.

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi sa mga sumusunod na katangian:{{nasal stop}}
{{bilabial}}{{voiceless short}}{{nasal}}
{{Median–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wika
!Salita
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Kahulugan
!Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Aleut|Aleut]]{{sfnp|Bergsland|1997}}
|{{lang|ale|qu'''hm'''ax̂}}
|{{IPA|[qum̥aχ]}}
|'puti'
|Maaaring bahagyang di-matunog ang mga matutunog na [[Katinig na palapit|palapit]] at pailong kung may kasama itong di-matunog na katinig sa dulo ng isang salita.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Alutiik|Alutiik]]
|{{lang|ems|keg'''hm'''arluku}}
|{{IPA|[kəɡm̥aχluku]}}
|'kagatin paulit-ulit'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Birmano|Birmano]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=111}}
|{{lang|my|[[Burmese alphabet|မှား]]}}/{{Transliteration|my|hma:}}
|{{IPA|[m̥á]}}
|'mali'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Estonyo|Estonyo]]{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}}
|{{lang|et|[[Estonian alphabet|leh'''m''']]}}
|{{IPA|[ˈlehm̥]}}
|'baka'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/m/}} sa dulo ng salita pagkatapos ng {{IPA|/t, s, h/}}.{{sfnp|Asu|Teras|2009|p=368}} &lt;!-- See Estonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Gales|Gales]]{{sfnp|Jones|1984|p=51}}
|{{lang|cy|[[Welsh orthography|fy '''mh'''en]]}}
|{{IPA|[və m̥ɛn]}}
|'ulo ko'
|Nagaganap bilang ang [[Katinig na pailong|pailong]] na [[Mutasyon ng katinig|mutasyon]] ng {{IPA|/p/}}. Madalas na sinasalita bilang isang sekuwensiya ng isang [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi|matunog na pailong]] at isang [[Matunog na pasutsot sa tagukan|paiba-ibang matunog]] na [[tunog na walang pagpigil]] [[Katinig sa tagukan|sa tagukan]].{{sfnp|Bell et al.|2023|p=493}} &lt;!-- See Welsh phonology --&gt;
|-
|[[Wikang Hmong|Hmong]]
|Puting Hmong
|{{script|Hmng|𖬌[[Pahawh Hmong|𖬣𖬵]]}} / {{lang|hmv-Latn|[[Romanized Popular Alphabet|'''Hm'''oob]]}}
|{{IPA|[m̥ɔ̃́]}}
|'Hmong'
|Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}. Sa Lunting Hmong, sumama na ito sa /m/.{{sfnp|Ratliff|2003|p=24}}
|-
|[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]
|[[Received Pronunciation|RP]]{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=282}}
|{{lang|en|stop '''m'''e}}
|[{{IPA|ˈstɒp͡m̥ mɪ}}]
|'pigilan mo ako'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Islandes|Islandes]]
|{{lang|is|[[Icelandic orthography|ke'''m'''pa]]}}
|{{IPA|[cʰɛm̥pa]}}
|'bayani'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/m/}} bago ang mga malalakas ({{Lang|en|fortis}}) na [[Katinig na pasara|pasara]]. Bahagyang itinatangi sa /m/ bago ang isang malakas na pasara: ikumpara ang {{lang|is|kemba}} {{IPA|[cʰɛmpa]}} 'magsuklay'.{{sfnp|Jessen|Pétursson|1998|p=44}}&lt;!-- See Icelandic phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Hilagang Sami|Hilagang Sami]]
|''čái'''hm'''i''
|{{IPA|[ˈt͡ʃaːjːm̥iː]}}
|'pekas'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Kildin Sami|Kildin Sami]]{{sfnp|Kuruch|2006|p=529}}
|{{lang|sjd|[[Cyrillic script|лē'''ӎӎ'''ьк]]}}/{{Transliteration|sjd|ljee'''hmhm'''k}}
|{{IPA|[lʲeːm̥ʲːk]}}
|'istrap'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Masateka ng Jalapa|Masateka ng Jalapa]]{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=107}}
|{{lang|maj|'''hm'''a}}
|{{IPA|[m̥a]}}
|'itim'
|Itinatangi sa matunog at [[Laringalisasyon|laringalisadong]] {{IPA|/m/}}.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Maskoki|Maskoki]]{{sfnp|Martin|2011|p=64}}
|{{lang|mus|cv'''mh'''cakv}}
|{{IPA|[t͡ʃəm̥t͡ʃɑ́ˑɡə]}}
|'kalembang'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/m/}} bago ang {{IPA|/h/}} kapag nasa parehong pantig.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Pranses|Pranses]]
|{{lang|fr|[[French orthography|ryth'''m'''e]]}}
|{{audio-IPA|LL-Q150 (fra)-Ʃouer-rythme (voiceless m).wav|[ʁitm̥ᵊ]}}
|'ritmo'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/m/}} tuwing bahagyang paghinto pagkatapos ng mga di-matutunog na katinig.{{sfnp|Walter|1977|p=35}} &lt;!-- See French phonology --&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Sumi|Sumi]]
|Ibaba{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367}}
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |{{IPA|[m̥ɛ̃˦]}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |'medisina'
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Itinatangi sa {{IPA|/m/}}.{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|2013|pp=365, 367}}{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}
|-
|Itaas{{sfnp|Chirkova|Chen|Kocjančič Antolík|2013|pp=382–383}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Ukranyo|Ukranyo]]{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=6}}
|{{lang|uk|[[Ukrainian alphabet|рит'''м''']]}}/{{Transliteration|uk|ryt'''m'''}}
|{{Audio-IPA|Uk-ритм.ogg|[rɪt̪m̥]}}
|'ritmo'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/m/}} sa dulo ng salita pagkatapos ng mga di-matutunog na katinig.{{sfnp|Danyenko|Vakulenko|1995|p=6}} &lt;!-- See Ukrainian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Washo|Washo]]{{sfnp|Jacobsen|1964|p=54}}
|{{lang|was|'''M'''ášdɨmmi}}
|{{IPA|[ˈm̥aʃdɨmmi]}}
|'nagtatago siya'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nuosu|Yi]]{{sfnp|Gerner|2013|p=21, 25}}
|{{lang|ii|[[yi script|ꂓ]]}} {{Transliteration|ii|hmi}}
|{{IPA|[m̥i]}}
|'pangalan'
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Yup'ik ng Gitnang Alaska|Yup'ik ng Gitnang Alaska]]{{sfnp|Jacobson|1995|p=3}}
|{{lang|esu|piste'''ḿ'''un}}
|{{IPA|[ˈpistəm̥un]}}
|'sa maninilbi'
|
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]]

== Sanggunian ==

=== Pagsipi ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Pinagkunan ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last1=Asu |first1=Eva Liina |title=Estonian|trans-title=Estonyo|lang=en |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=367–372 |year=2009 |doi=10.1017/s002510030999017x |last2=Teras |first2=Pire |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |last1=Bell |first1=E. |title=Northern Welsh |trans-title=Hilagang Gales|lang=en|journal=[[Journal of the International Phonetic Association|JIPA]] |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=487–510 |year=2023 |doi=10.1017/S0025100321000165 |ref={{harvid|Bell et al.|2023}} |last2=Archangeli |first2=D. B. |last3=Anderson |first3=S. J. |last4=Hammond |first4=M. |last5=Webb-Davies |first5=P. |last6=Brooks |first6=H. |doi-access=free |hdl=10150/661889 |hdl-access=free}}
* {{citation |last=Bergsland |first=Knut |title=Aleut grammar|trans-title=Balarila ng Aleut |lang=en|date=1997 |series=Research papers / Alaska Native Language Center |location=[[Fairbanks]], Estados Unidos |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska |isbn=978-1-55500-064-6}}
* {{citation |last1=Chirkova |first1=Katia |title=Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River|trans-title=Sumi, Unang Bahagi: Ibabang Sumi, ang Barayti ng Mababa at Gitnang Pinatutunguhan ng Ilog Shuiluo|lang=en |url=http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/KC2013Xumi1.pdf |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=363–379 |year=2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170507233339/http://katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/KC2013Xumi1.pdf |doi=10.1017/S0025100313000157 |jstor=26347850 |archive-date=2017-05-07 |last2=Chen |first2=Yiya |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |last1=Chirkova |first1=Katia |title=Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River|trans-title=Sumi, Ikalawang Bahagi: Ibabang Sumi, ang Barayti ng Mababa at Gitnang Pinatutunguhan ng Ilog Shuiluo|lang=en  |url=http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/KC2013Xumi2.pdf |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=381–396 |year=2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423015938/http://www.katia-chirkova.info/resources/publications/KC2013Xumi2.pdf |doi=10.1017/S0025100313000169 |archive-date=2020-04-23 |last2=Chen |first2=Yiya |last3=Kocjančič Antolík |first3=Tanja |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |last1=Danyenko |first1=Andrii |title=Ukrainian|trans-title=Ukranyo|lang=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WUsbAQAAIAAJ |year=1995 |location=Munich|publisher=Lincom Europa |isbn=9783929075083 |last2=Vakulenko |first2=Serhii}}
* {{citation |last=Gerner |first=Matthias |title=A Grammar of Nuosu|trans-title=Balarila ng Nuosu|lang=en |date=14 October 2013 |volume=64 |editor-last1=Bossong |editor-first1=Georg |chapter=Phonology|trans-chapter=Ponolohiya |publisher=[[De Gruyter]] |doi=10.1515/9783110308679 |isbn=9783110308679 |issn=0933-7636 |editor-last2=Comrie |editor-first2=Bernar |editor-last3=Epps |editor-first3=Patiencce L. |editor-last4=Nikolaeva |editor-first4=Irina}}
* {{citation |last=Jacobsen |first=William Horton |title=A grammar of the Washo language|trans-title=Balarila ng wikang Washo|lang=en |date=15 August 1964 |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/52c6q7hg |type=PhD |publisher=[[University of California, Berkeley]] |via=[[eScholarship]]}}
* {{citation |last=Jacobson |first=Steven |title=A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language |trans-title=Praktikal na Balarila ng Wikang Eskimo na Yup'ik ng Gitnang Alaska|lang=en|year=1995 |location=[[Fairbanks]], Estados Unidos |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |isbn=978-1-55500-050-9}}
* {{citation |last1=Jessen |first1=Michael |title=Voiceless Nasal Phonemes in Icelandic |lang=en|trans-title=Mga Di-matutunog na Ponemang Pailong sa Islandes|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=28 |issue=1/2 |pages=43–53 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |doi=10.1017/S002510030000623X |jstor=44526855 |last2=Pétursson |first2=Magnús |s2cid=143745742}}
* {{citation |last=Jones |first=Glyn E. |title=Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings|lang=en|trans-title=Ponolohiya ng Gales: Mga Piling Babasahín |pages=40–64 |year=1984 |editor-last1=Ball |editor-first1=Martin J. |chapter=The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh|trans-chapter=Ang mga natatanging patinig at katinig ng Gales|location=[[Cardiff]], Gales |publisher=University of Wales Press |isbn=0-7083-0861-9 |editor-last2=Jones |editor-first2=Glyn E.}}
* {{citation |last=Kuruch |first=Rimma |url=http://saamruss.narod.ru/grammatika_saamskogo_jazyka_ver_1_0.pdf |year=2006 |title=Kratkiy grammaticheskiy ocherk saamskogo yazyka|trans-title=Maikling pagguhit sa balarila ng wikang Sami |language=ru |orig-year=1985 |script-title=ru:Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка}}
* {{SOWL}}
* {{citation |last=Martin |first=Jack B. |title=A Grammar of Creek (Muskogee)|trans-title=Balarila ng Creek (Maskoki) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEcqDwAAQBAJ |year=2011 |chapter=General phonological processes|trans-chapter=Mga pangkalahatang ponolohikong proseso|lang=en |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]] |isbn=9780803211063 |via=Google Books}}
* {{citation |last=Ratliff |first=Martha |title=Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff|trans-title=Baryasyon sa wika: Mga sulatin sa baryasyon at pagbabago sa Sinospera at sa Indospera bilang pagpupugay kay James A. Matisoff|lang=en |pages=21–34 |year=2003 |editor-last1=Bradley |editor-first1=David |chapter=Hmong secret languages: themes and variations |trans-chapter=Mga sikretong wika ng Hmong: mga tema at baryasyon|publisher=[[Australian National University]] |doi=10.15144/PL-555.21 |isbn=0-85883-540-1 |author-link=Martha Ratliff |editor-link1=David Bradley (lingwista) |editor-last2=LaPolla |editor-first2=Randy |editor-link2=Randy LaPolla |editor-last3=Michialovsky |editor-first3=Boyd |editor-last4=Thurgood |editor-first4=Graham |editor-link4=Graham Thurgood |doi-access=free |hdl=1885/146727}}
* {{citation |last=Walter |first=Henriette |title=La phonologie du français|trans-title=Ang ponolohiya ng Pranses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDlcAAAAMAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=[[Presses universitaires de France]] |lang=fr|author-link=Henriette Walter |via=[[Google Books]]}}
* {{citation |last=Wells |first=John C. |title=Accents of English 2: The British Isles|trans-title=Mga Aksent ng Ingles 2: Ang Kapuluang Britaniko|lang=en |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a3-ElL71fikC |year=1982 |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-24224-X |author-link=John C. Wells}}
{{refend}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|m̥}}
{{IPA navigation}}

[[Kategorya:Katinig na pailong]]
[[Kategorya:Katinig sa parehong labi]]
[[Kategorya:Di-matunog na katinig]]
[[Kategorya:Pulmonikong katinig]]</text>
      <sha1>acemaep2sznegqbj4dndd87llj36pa0</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340308</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241090</id>
      <parentid>2231568</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:16:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removed redirect to [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]]</comment>
      <origin>2241090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1438" sha1="dbs3av6u54nf0wvjsr9xd1z46qhga23" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit sa paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|above=Voiceless labiodental nasal|ipa symbol=ɱ̊|ipa symbol2=m̪̊|xsampa=F_0}}
'''Di-matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa labì-ngípin''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng ⟨{{IPA|ɱ̊}}⟩ o {{IPA|⟨ɱ̥⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Ginagamit ito sa ilang mga wika.

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin sa mga sumusunod na katangian:

{{nasal}}
{{Labiodental}}
{{Voiceless short}}
{{Median–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wika
!Salita
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Kahulugan
!Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nyamwezi|Kinyamwezi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Maganga |first1=Clement |title=Kinyamwezi: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary |last2=Schadeberg |first2=Thilo C. |author2-link=Thilo C. Schadeberg |publisher=Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. |year=1992 |pages=15–53 |language=en |trans-title=Kinyamwezi: Balarila, Teksto, at Bokabularyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{lang|nym|mfulá}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{IPA|[ɱ̊fulá]}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'mabait'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/N/}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} kapag ikasiyam o ikasampung uri na hulapi.
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]

== Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|ɱ̥}}

{{IPA navigation}}</text>
      <sha1>dbs3av6u54nf0wvjsr9xd1z46qhga23</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241091</id>
      <parentid>2241090</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:17:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Inilipat ni GinawaSaHapon ang pahinang [[Tagagamit:GinawaSaHapon/burador]] sa [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]: Tapos na.</comment>
      <origin>2241090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1438" sha1="dbs3av6u54nf0wvjsr9xd1z46qhga23" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit sa paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|above=Voiceless labiodental nasal|ipa symbol=ɱ̊|ipa symbol2=m̪̊|xsampa=F_0}}
'''Di-matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa labì-ngípin''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng ⟨{{IPA|ɱ̊}}⟩ o {{IPA|⟨ɱ̥⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Ginagamit ito sa ilang mga wika.

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin sa mga sumusunod na katangian:

{{nasal}}
{{Labiodental}}
{{Voiceless short}}
{{Median–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wika
!Salita
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Kahulugan
!Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nyamwezi|Kinyamwezi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Maganga |first1=Clement |title=Kinyamwezi: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary |last2=Schadeberg |first2=Thilo C. |author2-link=Thilo C. Schadeberg |publisher=Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. |year=1992 |pages=15–53 |language=en |trans-title=Kinyamwezi: Balarila, Teksto, at Bokabularyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{lang|nym|mfulá}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{IPA|[ɱ̊fulá]}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'mabait'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/N/}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} kapag ikasiyam o ikasampung uri na hulapi.
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]

== Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|ɱ̥}}

{{IPA navigation}}</text>
      <sha1>dbs3av6u54nf0wvjsr9xd1z46qhga23</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241096</id>
      <parentid>2241091</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:52:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241096</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1458" sha1="tuwg70i5zgsono5lxzgfch4f55hskis" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit sa paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|above=Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin|ipa symbol=ɱ̊|ipa symbol2=m̪̊|xsampa=F_0}}
'''Di-matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa labì-ngípin''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng ⟨{{IPA|ɱ̊}}⟩ o {{IPA|⟨ɱ̥⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Ginagamit ito sa ilang mga wika.

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin sa mga sumusunod na katangian:

{{nasal}}
{{Labiodental}}
{{Voiceless short}}
{{Median–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Wika
!Salita
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Kahulugan
!Karagdagan
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Nyamwezi|Kinyamwezi]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Maganga |first1=Clement |title=Kinyamwezi: Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary |last2=Schadeberg |first2=Thilo C. |author2-link=Thilo C. Schadeberg |publisher=Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe. |year=1992 |pages=15–53 |language=en |trans-title=Kinyamwezi: Balarila, Teksto, at Bokabularyo}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{lang|nym|mfulá}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{IPA|[ɱ̊fulá]}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'mabait'
|Alopono ng {{IPA|/N/}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} kapag ikasiyam o ikasampung uri na hulapi.
|}

== Tingnan din ==

* [[Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]

== Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Link sa labas ==

* {{phoible|ɱ̥}}

{{IPA navigation}}</text>
      <sha1>tuwg70i5zgsono5lxzgfch4f55hskis</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Virginia Fabella</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340802</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241084</id>
      <parentid>2237872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T00:54:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jojit fb</username>
        <id>38</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241084</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4157" sha1="o3psxwmm4onuxn1of9cu0dw4558ixqs" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Virginia Fabella''', MM, ay isang [[Filipina]] na teologong kilala sa kaniyang mga akda tungkol sa [[Teolohiyang Katoliko|teolohiyang]] [[Araling pangkababaihan|peministang]] Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Isa rin siyang madre ng mga Madre ng Maryknoll.

== Talambuhay ==
Isinilang siya sa [[Maynila]], [[Pilipinas]]. Matapos magtapos sa Kumbento ng Asunsiyon (''Assumption Convent'') sa Maynila at makakuha ng titulong Batsilyer ng Agham sa Kolehiyo ng ''Mt. St. Vincent'' sa [[Nueva York]], [[Estados Unidos]] sumapi si Fabella sa mga Madre ng Maryknoll noong 1952. Kalaunan, nakakuha siya ng Maestro ng Sining sa pag-aaral ng [[relihiyon]] mula sa Seminaryo ng Maryknoll noong 1980, Sertipiko sa Pag-aaral Pastoral mula sa ''Union Theological'' o Unyong Panteolohiya sa [[Chicago]], Estados Unidos noong 1988, at Doktor ng Ministeryo (DMin) sa [[pag-aaral ng kababaihan]] mula sa Seminaryong Panteolohiya ng San Francisco noong 1993. Pinamagatang &quot;''The Development of Women's Theological Consciousness within the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians''&quot; (Ang Pag-unlad ng Kamalayang Teolohikal ng Kababaihan sa loob ng Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig) ang kaniyang disertasyong doktoral.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Sisters (Daughters of Mary) Roman Catholic Singing.jpg|thumb|Mga madre ng Maryknoll]]

Noong dekada 1970, nagsilbi si Fabella bilang tagapag-ugnay ng programa ng ''Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians'' (Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig), at kalaunan ay naging tagapag-ugnay nito sa Asya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maryknollsisters.org/sisters/sister-virginia-fabella/|title=Sister Virginia Fabella - Maryknoll Sisters|work=Maryknoll Sisters|access-date=20 September 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzneCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT241|title=Theologies of the Non-Person: The Formative Years of EATWOT|last=Joseph|first=M.P.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-55054-5|location=New York|page=241}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teolohiya ==
Kilala si Fabella sa kaniyang mga akda at pag-eedit ng mga akda tungkol sa teolohiyang peministang Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Sa larangan ng [[kristolohiya]], ipinangangatuwiran ni Fabella na hindi nagiging suliranin para sa mga kababaihang Asyano ang pagiging lalaki ni [[Jesus]]. Iminumungkahi niya na &quot;dahil lalaki si Jesus, naging mas mabisa siya sa pagtanggi sa konsepto ng sangkatauhang nakabatay sa pagiging lalaki... [at] ipinakita niya ang landas tungo sa malusog at wastong ugnayan ng lalaki at babae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|last=Fabella|first=Virginia|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor1-last=Fabella|editor1-first=Virginia|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=4|chapter=Christology from an Asian Woman's Perspective|orig-year=1989|editor2-last=Park|editor2-first=Sun Ai Lee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga akda ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SwLAAAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Third World Theologies|publisher=Orbis Books|year=2003|isbn=978-1-57075-405-0|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Maryknoll, NY|pages=|editor-last2=Sugirtharajah|editor-first2=R. S.}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2IZLAwAAQBAJ|title=With Passion and Compassion: Third World Women Doing Theology: Reflections from the Women's Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59752-500-8|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|pages=|editor-last2=Oduyoye|editor-first2=Mercy Amba}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lWnBgAAQBAJ|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|editor-last2=Park|editor-first2=Sun Ai Lee}}
* Teolohiyang peministang Asyano

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabella, Virginia}}
[[Kategorya:Mga madre]]</text>
      <sha1>o3psxwmm4onuxn1of9cu0dw4558ixqs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241194</id>
      <parentid>2241084</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:44:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jojit fb</username>
        <id>38</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Talambuhay */</comment>
      <origin>2241194</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4157" sha1="8ldpwtk11ce9dax7dk8d33kfc0k5z3t" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Virginia Fabella''', MM, ay isang [[Filipina]] na teologong kilala sa kaniyang mga akda tungkol sa [[Teolohiyang Katoliko|teolohiyang]] [[Araling pangkababaihan|peministang]] Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Isa rin siyang madre ng mga Madre ng Maryknoll.

== Talambuhay ==
Isinilang siya sa [[Maynila]], [[Pilipinas]]. Matapos magtapos sa Kumbento ng Asunsiyon (''Assumption Convent'') sa Maynila at makakuha ng titulong Batsilyer ng Agham sa Kolehiyo ng ''Mt. St. Vincent'' sa [[Nueva York]], [[Estados Unidos]] sumapi si Fabella sa mga Madre ng Maryknoll noong 1952. Kalaunan, nakakuha siya ng Maestro ng Sining sa pag-aaral ng [[relihiyon]] mula sa Seminaryo ng Maryknoll noong 1980, Sertipiko sa Pag-aaral Pastoral mula sa ''Union Theological'' o Unyong Panteolohiya sa [[Chicago]], Estados Unidos noong 1988, at Doktor ng Ministeryo (DMin) sa [[pag-aaral ng kababaihan]] mula sa Seminaryong Panteolohiya ng San Francisco noong 1993. Pinamagatang &quot;''The Development of Women's Theological Consciousness within the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians''&quot; (Ang Pag-unlad ng Kamalayang Teolohikal ng Kababaihan sa loob ng Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig) ang kaniyang disertasyong doktoral.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Sisters (Daughters of Mary) Roman Catholic Singing.jpg|thumb|Mga madre ng Maryknoll]]

Noong dekada 1970, nagsilbi si Fabella bilang tagapag-ugnay ng programa ng ''Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians'' (Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig), at kalaunan ay naging tagapag-ugnay nito sa Asya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maryknollsisters.org/sisters/sister-virginia-fabella/|title=Sister Virginia Fabella - Maryknoll Sisters|work=Maryknoll Sisters|access-date=20 Setyembre 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzneCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT241|title=Theologies of the Non-Person: The Formative Years of EATWOT|last=Joseph|first=M.P.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-55054-5|location=New York|page=241}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teolohiya ==
Kilala si Fabella sa kaniyang mga akda at pag-eedit ng mga akda tungkol sa teolohiyang peministang Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Sa larangan ng [[kristolohiya]], ipinangangatuwiran ni Fabella na hindi nagiging suliranin para sa mga kababaihang Asyano ang pagiging lalaki ni [[Jesus]]. Iminumungkahi niya na &quot;dahil lalaki si Jesus, naging mas mabisa siya sa pagtanggi sa konsepto ng sangkatauhang nakabatay sa pagiging lalaki... [at] ipinakita niya ang landas tungo sa malusog at wastong ugnayan ng lalaki at babae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|last=Fabella|first=Virginia|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor1-last=Fabella|editor1-first=Virginia|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=4|chapter=Christology from an Asian Woman's Perspective|orig-year=1989|editor2-last=Park|editor2-first=Sun Ai Lee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga akda ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SwLAAAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Third World Theologies|publisher=Orbis Books|year=2003|isbn=978-1-57075-405-0|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Maryknoll, NY|pages=|editor-last2=Sugirtharajah|editor-first2=R. S.}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2IZLAwAAQBAJ|title=With Passion and Compassion: Third World Women Doing Theology: Reflections from the Women's Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59752-500-8|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|pages=|editor-last2=Oduyoye|editor-first2=Mercy Amba}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lWnBgAAQBAJ|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|editor-last2=Park|editor-first2=Sun Ai Lee}}
* Teolohiyang peministang Asyano

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabella, Virginia}}
[[Kategorya:Mga madre]]</text>
      <sha1>8ldpwtk11ce9dax7dk8d33kfc0k5z3t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241195</id>
      <parentid>2241194</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:46:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jojit fb</username>
        <id>38</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Talambuhay */</comment>
      <origin>2241195</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4169" sha1="8yu87o0b2uvz7l2ckb0rpf4turm4pt3" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Virginia Fabella''', MM, ay isang [[Filipina]] na teologong kilala sa kaniyang mga akda tungkol sa [[Teolohiyang Katoliko|teolohiyang]] [[Araling pangkababaihan|peministang]] Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Isa rin siyang madre ng mga Madre ng Maryknoll.

== Talambuhay ==
Isinilang siya sa [[Maynila]], [[Pilipinas]]. Matapos magtapos sa Kumbento ng Asunsiyon (''Assumption Convent'') sa Maynila at makakuha ng titulong Batsilyer ng Agham sa Kolehiyo ng ''Mt. St. Vincent'' sa [[Nueva York]], [[Estados Unidos]] sumapi si Fabella sa mga Madre ng Maryknoll noong 1952. Kalaunan, nakakuha siya ng Maestro ng Sining sa pag-aaral ng [[relihiyon]] mula sa Seminaryo ng Maryknoll noong 1980, Sertipiko sa Pag-aaral Pastoral mula sa ''Union Theological'' o Unyong Panteolohiya sa [[Chicago]], Estados Unidos noong 1988, at Doktor ng Ministeryo (DMin) sa [[pag-aaral ng kababaihan]] mula sa Seminaryong Panteolohiya ng San Francisco noong 1993. Pinamagatang &quot;''The Development of Women's Theological Consciousness within the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians''&quot; (Ang Pag-unlad ng Kamalayang Teolohikal ng Kababaihan sa loob ng Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig) ang kaniyang disertasyong doktoral.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Sisters (Daughters of Mary) Roman Catholic Singing.jpg|thumb|Mga madre ng Maryknoll]]

Noong dekada 1970, nagsilbi si Fabella bilang tagapag-ugnay ng programa ng ''Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians'' (Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig), at kalaunan ay naging tagapag-ugnay nito sa Asya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maryknollsisters.org/sisters/sister-virginia-fabella/|title=Sister Virginia Fabella - Maryknoll Sisters|work=Maryknoll Sisters|access-date=20 Setyembre 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzneCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT241|title=Theologies of the Non-Person: The Formative Years of EATWOT|last=Joseph|first=M.P.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-55054-5|location=New York|page=241|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teolohiya ==
Kilala si Fabella sa kaniyang mga akda at pag-eedit ng mga akda tungkol sa teolohiyang peministang Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Sa larangan ng [[kristolohiya]], ipinangangatuwiran ni Fabella na hindi nagiging suliranin para sa mga kababaihang Asyano ang pagiging lalaki ni [[Jesus]]. Iminumungkahi niya na &quot;dahil lalaki si Jesus, naging mas mabisa siya sa pagtanggi sa konsepto ng sangkatauhang nakabatay sa pagiging lalaki... [at] ipinakita niya ang landas tungo sa malusog at wastong ugnayan ng lalaki at babae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|last=Fabella|first=Virginia|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor1-last=Fabella|editor1-first=Virginia|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=4|chapter=Christology from an Asian Woman's Perspective|orig-year=1989|editor2-last=Park|editor2-first=Sun Ai Lee}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga akda ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SwLAAAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Third World Theologies|publisher=Orbis Books|year=2003|isbn=978-1-57075-405-0|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Maryknoll, NY|pages=|editor-last2=Sugirtharajah|editor-first2=R. S.}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2IZLAwAAQBAJ|title=With Passion and Compassion: Third World Women Doing Theology: Reflections from the Women's Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59752-500-8|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|pages=|editor-last2=Oduyoye|editor-first2=Mercy Amba}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lWnBgAAQBAJ|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|editor-last2=Park|editor-first2=Sun Ai Lee}}
* Teolohiyang peministang Asyano

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabella, Virginia}}
[[Kategorya:Mga madre]]</text>
      <sha1>8yu87o0b2uvz7l2ckb0rpf4turm4pt3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241196</id>
      <parentid>2241195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T07:47:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jojit fb</username>
        <id>38</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Teolohiya */</comment>
      <origin>2241196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4181" sha1="lmsuzf7h1haaogjdv52j3d6vm6cmam6" xml:space="preserve">Si '''Virginia Fabella''', MM, ay isang [[Filipina]] na teologong kilala sa kaniyang mga akda tungkol sa [[Teolohiyang Katoliko|teolohiyang]] [[Araling pangkababaihan|peministang]] Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Isa rin siyang madre ng mga Madre ng Maryknoll.

== Talambuhay ==
Isinilang siya sa [[Maynila]], [[Pilipinas]]. Matapos magtapos sa Kumbento ng Asunsiyon (''Assumption Convent'') sa Maynila at makakuha ng titulong Batsilyer ng Agham sa Kolehiyo ng ''Mt. St. Vincent'' sa [[Nueva York]], [[Estados Unidos]] sumapi si Fabella sa mga Madre ng Maryknoll noong 1952. Kalaunan, nakakuha siya ng Maestro ng Sining sa pag-aaral ng [[relihiyon]] mula sa Seminaryo ng Maryknoll noong 1980, Sertipiko sa Pag-aaral Pastoral mula sa ''Union Theological'' o Unyong Panteolohiya sa [[Chicago]], Estados Unidos noong 1988, at Doktor ng Ministeryo (DMin) sa [[pag-aaral ng kababaihan]] mula sa Seminaryong Panteolohiya ng San Francisco noong 1993. Pinamagatang &quot;''The Development of Women's Theological Consciousness within the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians''&quot; (Ang Pag-unlad ng Kamalayang Teolohikal ng Kababaihan sa loob ng Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig) ang kaniyang disertasyong doktoral.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

[[File:Sisters (Daughters of Mary) Roman Catholic Singing.jpg|thumb|Mga madre ng Maryknoll]]

Noong dekada 1970, nagsilbi si Fabella bilang tagapag-ugnay ng programa ng ''Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians'' (Samahang Ekumenikal ng mga Teologo ng Ikatlong Daigdig), at kalaunan ay naging tagapag-ugnay nito sa Asya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.maryknollsisters.org/sisters/sister-virginia-fabella/|title=Sister Virginia Fabella - Maryknoll Sisters|work=Maryknoll Sisters|access-date=20 Setyembre 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bzneCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT241|title=Theologies of the Non-Person: The Formative Years of EATWOT|last=Joseph|first=M.P.|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|year=2015|isbn=978-1-137-55054-5|location=New York|page=241|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Teolohiya ==
Kilala si Fabella sa kaniyang mga akda at pag-eedit ng mga akda tungkol sa teolohiyang peministang Asyano at teolohiyang postkolonyal. Sa larangan ng [[kristolohiya]], ipinangangatuwiran ni Fabella na hindi nagiging suliranin para sa mga kababaihang Asyano ang pagiging lalaki ni [[Jesus]]. Iminumungkahi niya na &quot;dahil lalaki si Jesus, naging mas mabisa siya sa pagtanggi sa konsepto ng sangkatauhang nakabatay sa pagiging lalaki... [at] ipinakita niya ang landas tungo sa malusog at wastong ugnayan ng lalaki at babae.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|last=Fabella|first=Virginia|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor1-last=Fabella|editor1-first=Virginia|location=Eugene, Oregon|pages=4|chapter=Christology from an Asian Woman's Perspective|orig-year=1989|editor2-last=Park|editor2-first=Sun Ai Lee|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga akda ==
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2SwLAAAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Third World Theologies|publisher=Orbis Books|year=2003|isbn=978-1-57075-405-0|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Maryknoll, NY|pages=|editor-last2=Sugirtharajah|editor-first2=R. S.}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2IZLAwAAQBAJ|title=With Passion and Compassion: Third World Women Doing Theology: Reflections from the Women's Commission of the Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2006|isbn=978-1-59752-500-8|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|pages=|editor-last2=Oduyoye|editor-first2=Mercy Amba}}
* {{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lWnBgAAQBAJ|title=We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women|publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-1-4982-1914-3|editor-last1=Fabella|editor-first1=Virginia|location=Eugene, OR|editor-last2=Park|editor-first2=Sun Ai Lee}}
* Teolohiyang peministang Asyano

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fabella, Virginia}}
[[Kategorya:Mga madre]]</text>
      <sha1>lmsuzf7h1haaogjdv52j3d6vm6cmam6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Martabak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340939</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241071</id>
      <parentid>2240400</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T16:23:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Kasaysayan</comment>
      <origin>2241071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4894" sha1="r2s0ynsgbalj98ebc2yddgxeld8w50b" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox food|name=Martabak|image=Murtabak.jpg|image_size=250|caption=|alternate_name=Mutabbaq|country=Saudi Arabia at Yemen|region=[[Tangway ng Arabia]], [[subkontinenteng Indiyo]], [[Timog-silangang Asya]]|creator=Mga Arabe sa Saudi Arabia at Yemen&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot;&gt;Hoogervorst, Tom (Dec 2018). &quot;[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/sailors-tailors-cooks-and-crooks-on-loanwords-and-neglected-lives-in-indian-ocean-ports/442E3D4F7E58EFBB54C935A8064D2F92 Sailors, Tailors, Cooks, and Crooks: On Loanwords and Neglected Lives in Indian Ocean Ports]&quot;. ''Itinerario.'' Research Institute for History, Leiden University. '''42''' (3): 530-2. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]: [[doi:10.1017/S0165115318000645|10.1017/S0165115318000645]]&lt;/ref&gt;|course=[[Pampagana]]|type=''Flatbread'', [[pankeyk]]|served=mainit o malamig|main_ingredient=|calories=|other=}}

Ang '''martabak''', o '''mutabbaq''' ({{Langx|ar|مُطَبَّق|muṭabbaq}}         ,{{IPA|ar|mu.tˤab.baq|label=[[Modern Standard Arabic|standard]] pronunciation:}}), ay isang [[pankeyk]] na may palaman o tinapay na pinirito sa kawali na karaniwang matatagpuan sa [[Tangway ng Arabia]], mga bahagi ng [[subkontinenteng Indiyo]], at [[Timog-silangang Asya]] (lalo na sa [[Maritimong Timog-silangang Asya]]), partikular sa [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], mga bahagi ng Timog Indiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Groundwater |first=Ben |date=10 Disyembre 2023 |title=The reason why billions of people enjoy this versatile and delicious dish |language=en |work=SMH Traveller |url=https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/the-reason-why-billions-of-people-enjoy-this-versatile-and-delicious-dish-20231205-p5ep8i.html |access-date=14 Mayo 2026|trans-title=Ang dahilan kung bakit bilyun-bilyong tao ang nasisiyahan sa bersatil at masarap na putaheng ito}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia|Malasya]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], at Timog Taylandiya. Depende sa lokasyon, maaaring mag-iba nang malaki ang pangalan at mga sangkap nito. Ang pangalang ''mutabbaq'' ay nangangahulugang &quot;nakatiklop&quot; sa wikang Arabe.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP-Murtabak&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lonely Planet Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wat9BAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Murtabak&amp;pg=PT109 |title=The World's Best Street Food: Where to Find it &amp; How to Make it |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2012 |isbn=9781743216644 |page=108|language=en|trans-title=Ang Pinakamasarap na Pagkaing Kalye sa Mundo: Saan Ito Mahahanap at Paano Ito Gawin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Holzen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Heinz Von Holzen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRuiBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA129 |title=A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking |publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd |year=2014 |isbn=9789814634953 |page=129|language=en|trans-title=Isang Bagong Pamamaraan sa Pagluluto ng Indonesya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madalas na inilalarawan ang martabak bilang isang maanghang na [[torta]] o pankeyk na nakatiklop at may mga piraso ng gulay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kruger-Balinese Food&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Vivienne Kruger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNHZAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Martabak+pancake&amp;pg=PT70 |title=Balinese Food: The Traditional Cuisine &amp; Food Culture of Bali |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=9781462914234 |language=en |trans-title=Pagkaing Balines: Ang Tradisyonal na Lutuin &amp; Kultura ng Pagkain sa Bali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pinakakaraniwang anyo nito ay ginagawa mula sa mga [[Crêpe|krep]] na pinirito sa kawali at karaniwang pinalalamanan ng binating mga itlog, tinadtad na ''leeks'', ''chives'' o berdeng sibuyas, at giniling na karne. Pagkatapos, tinutupi ang mga ito at hinihiwa sa mga parisukat.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP-Murtabak&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tahira |title=Make Delicous Memories |trans-title=Gumawa ng Masasayang Alaala |url=https://asaanrecipes.com/recipe/saudi-street-food-mutabbaq/ |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Asaan Recipes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasaysayan ==
[[File:MURTABAK_1_0031.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MURTABAK_1_0031.jpg|thumb|A streetside cook in [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]] making murtabak on top of large flat fry pan, called a [[:en:Tava|tava]]]]
Nagtala ang [[Kalipatong Abasida|Abasidang]] awtor noong ika-13 siglo na si Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi ng dalawang resipi para sa muṭbaq مطبق sa kanyang aklat na pinamagatang Kitab al-Tabikh. Kapuwa inilarawan ng mga ito ang isang putaheng binubuo ng dalawang patong ng tinapay na bumabalot sa isang matamis na palaman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Arberry |first1=Arthur John |author1-link=Arthur John Arberry |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Arab_Cookery/EbHYAAAAMAAJ?gbpv=1&amp;bsq=mutbaq&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Medieval Arab Cookery |date=2001 |publisher=Prospect Books |isbn=978-0-907325-91-8 |language=en |trans-title=Medyebal na Arabeng Pagluluto |access-date=20 Setyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Lutuing Singapurense]]
[[Kategorya:Lutuing Malayo]]</text>
      <sha1>r2s0ynsgbalj98ebc2yddgxeld8w50b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241072</id>
      <parentid>2241071</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T16:25:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Isinalin ang kapsiyon ng isang larawan</comment>
      <origin>2241072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4924" sha1="6dfk0xkeios2qxm33x9bx42x7a0r5u5" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox food|name=Martabak|image=Murtabak.jpg|image_size=250|caption=|alternate_name=Mutabbaq|country=Saudi Arabia at Yemen|region=[[Tangway ng Arabia]], [[subkontinenteng Indiyo]], [[Timog-silangang Asya]]|creator=Mga Arabe sa Saudi Arabia at Yemen&lt;ref name=&quot;H&quot;&gt;Hoogervorst, Tom (Dec 2018). &quot;[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/itinerario/article/sailors-tailors-cooks-and-crooks-on-loanwords-and-neglected-lives-in-indian-ocean-ports/442E3D4F7E58EFBB54C935A8064D2F92 Sailors, Tailors, Cooks, and Crooks: On Loanwords and Neglected Lives in Indian Ocean Ports]&quot;. ''Itinerario.'' Research Institute for History, Leiden University. '''42''' (3): 530-2. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]: [[doi:10.1017/S0165115318000645|10.1017/S0165115318000645]]&lt;/ref&gt;|course=[[Pampagana]]|type=''Flatbread'', [[pankeyk]]|served=mainit o malamig|main_ingredient=|calories=|other=}}

Ang '''martabak''', o '''mutabbaq''' ({{Langx|ar|مُطَبَّق|muṭabbaq}}         ,{{IPA|ar|mu.tˤab.baq|label=[[Modern Standard Arabic|standard]] pronunciation:}}), ay isang [[pankeyk]] na may palaman o tinapay na pinirito sa kawali na karaniwang matatagpuan sa [[Tangway ng Arabia]], mga bahagi ng [[subkontinenteng Indiyo]], at [[Timog-silangang Asya]] (lalo na sa [[Maritimong Timog-silangang Asya]]), partikular sa [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], mga bahagi ng Timog Indiya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Groundwater |first=Ben |date=10 Disyembre 2023 |title=The reason why billions of people enjoy this versatile and delicious dish |language=en |work=SMH Traveller |url=https://www.smh.com.au/traveller/inspiration/the-reason-why-billions-of-people-enjoy-this-versatile-and-delicious-dish-20231205-p5ep8i.html |access-date=14 Mayo 2026|trans-title=Ang dahilan kung bakit bilyun-bilyong tao ang nasisiyahan sa bersatil at masarap na putaheng ito}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Indonesya]], [[Malaysia|Malasya]], [[Singapura]], [[Brunei]], at Timog Taylandiya. Depende sa lokasyon, maaaring mag-iba nang malaki ang pangalan at mga sangkap nito. Ang pangalang ''mutabbaq'' ay nangangahulugang &quot;nakatiklop&quot; sa wikang Arabe.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP-Murtabak&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lonely Planet Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wat9BAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Murtabak&amp;pg=PT109 |title=The World's Best Street Food: Where to Find it &amp; How to Make it |publisher=Lonely Planet |year=2012 |isbn=9781743216644 |page=108|language=en|trans-title=Ang Pinakamasarap na Pagkaing Kalye sa Mundo: Saan Ito Mahahanap at Paano Ito Gawin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Von Holzen&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Heinz Von Holzen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRuiBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA129 |title=A New Approach to Indonesian Cooking |publisher=Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd |year=2014 |isbn=9789814634953 |page=129|language=en|trans-title=Isang Bagong Pamamaraan sa Pagluluto ng Indonesya}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Madalas na inilalarawan ang martabak bilang isang maanghang na [[torta]] o pankeyk na nakatiklop at may mga piraso ng gulay.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kruger-Balinese Food&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Vivienne Kruger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WNHZAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Martabak+pancake&amp;pg=PT70 |title=Balinese Food: The Traditional Cuisine &amp; Food Culture of Bali |publisher=Tuttle Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=9781462914234 |language=en |trans-title=Pagkaing Balines: Ang Tradisyonal na Lutuin &amp; Kultura ng Pagkain sa Bali}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang pinakakaraniwang anyo nito ay ginagawa mula sa mga [[Crêpe|krep]] na pinirito sa kawali at karaniwang pinalalamanan ng binating mga itlog, tinadtad na ''leeks'', ''chives'' o berdeng sibuyas, at giniling na karne. Pagkatapos, tinutupi ang mga ito at hinihiwa sa mga parisukat.&lt;ref name=&quot;LP-Murtabak&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tahira |title=Make Delicous Memories |trans-title=Gumawa ng Masasayang Alaala |url=https://asaanrecipes.com/recipe/saudi-street-food-mutabbaq/ |access-date=2020-10-29 |website=Asaan Recipes |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kasaysayan ==
[[File:MURTABAK_1_0031.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MURTABAK_1_0031.jpg|thumb|Isang kusinero sa puwesto sa tabi ng kalsada sa [[Malasya]] na naghahanda ng ''murtabak'' sa isang malaking patag na kawali na tinatawag na ''tava''.]]
Nagtala ang [[Kalipatong Abasida|Abasidang]] awtor noong ika-13 siglo na si Muhammad bin Hasan al-Baghdadi ng dalawang resipi para sa muṭbaq مطبق sa kanyang aklat na pinamagatang Kitab al-Tabikh. Kapuwa inilarawan ng mga ito ang isang putaheng binubuo ng dalawang patong ng tinapay na bumabalot sa isang matamis na palaman.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Arberry |first1=Arthur John |author1-link=Arthur John Arberry |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Medieval_Arab_Cookery/EbHYAAAAMAAJ?gbpv=1&amp;bsq=mutbaq&amp;printsec=frontcover |title=Medieval Arab Cookery |date=2001 |publisher=Prospect Books |isbn=978-0-907325-91-8 |language=en |trans-title=Medyebal na Arabeng Pagluluto |access-date=20 Setyembre 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Lutuing Singapurense]]
[[Kategorya:Lutuing Malayo]]</text>
      <sha1>6dfk0xkeios2qxm33x9bx42x7a0r5u5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bagyong Umberto</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340953</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241161</id>
      <parentid>2239773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:01:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ivan P. Clarin</username>
        <id>84769</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>2241161</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="533" sha1="plwwmgrsvhglx9ce3hr7mz2eabfxnoz" xml:space="preserve">Ang pangalang '''{{grey|Umberto}}''' ay magagamit na pangalan sa [[Pilipinas]] sa mga susunod na panahon, ayon sa PAGASA sa Kanlurang Pasipiko. 

Na ipinalit sa pangalang [[Bagyong Usman|Usman]] noong 2018.

* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Umberto (2022)}} - {{grey|N/A}}
* {{tcname unused|Bagyong Umberto (2026)}} - {{grey|N/A}}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|before=[[Bagyong Tomas|Tomas]]|title=Pacific typhoon season names|years={{tcname unused|Umberto}}|after={{tcname unused|Venus}}}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Umberto}}
{{paglilinaw}}</text>
      <sha1>plwwmgrsvhglx9ce3hr7mz2eabfxnoz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baryong Tsino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340976</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241059</id>
      <parentid>2241051</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T12:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ Infobox</comment>
      <origin>2241059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3555" sha1="peh3st532852bmaeby5xcft5klx7x8c" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Chinese|pic=Chinatown - East Broadway.jpg|piccap=Ang baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa [[Lungsod ng New York|New York]] ang may pinakamataas na konsentrasyon ng mga Tsino sa labas ng [[Asya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Manhattan Chinatown Largest Concentration Chinese Western Hemisphere&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fact-sheet&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYC Twelve Chinatowns&quot; /&gt;|c={{linktext|唐人街}}|p=Tángrénjiē|w=Tʻang&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; jen&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chieh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;|mi={{IPAc-cmn|t|ang|2|.|r|en|2|.|j|ie|1}}|bpmf=ㄊㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝ|l=&quot;kalye ng mga taong [[dinastiyang Tang|Tang]]&quot;|j=Tong4 jan4 gaai1|y=Tòhngyàhngāai|ci={{IPAc-yue|t|ong|4|-|j|an|4|-|g|aai|1}}|wuu=Daon&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; nin&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; ka&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj=Tông-jîn-ke|buc=Tòng-ìng-kĕ|s2=中国城|t2={{linktext|中國城}}|p2=Zhōngguóchéng|w2=Chung&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kuo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chʻeng&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;|mi2={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|g|uo|2|.|ch|eng|2}}|bpmf2=ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄥˊ|l2=&quot;baryong Tsino&quot;|j2=Zung1 gwok3 sing4|y2=Jūnggwoksìhng|ci2={{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|gw|ok|3|.|s|ing|4}}|wuu2=Tson&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; koh&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt; zen&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj2=Tiong-kok-siânn|buc2=Dŭng-guók-siàng|s3=华埠|t3={{linktext|華埠}}|p3=Huábù|w3=Hua&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;|mi3={{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|b|u|4}}|bpmf3=ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ|l3=&quot;distritong Tsino&quot;|j3=Waa4 fau6|y3=Wàhfauh|ci3={{IPAc-yue|w|aa|4|-|f|au|6}}|wuu3=Gho&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; bu&lt;sup&gt;去&lt;/sup&gt;|poj3=Hôa-bú|buc3=Huà-pú|h=Tongˇ nginˇ gieˊ|h2=Zungˊ guedˋ sangˇ|h3=Faˇ pu}}

Ang '''baryong Tsino''' o '''Chinatown''' ({{lang-zh|t=唐人街}}; {{Lang-es|barrio chino}}) ay isang karaniwang terminong ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang etnikong engklabe ng [[mga Tsino]] na matatagpuan sa labas ng [[Kalupaang Tsina]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]], at [[Taiwan]], na karaniwang nasa kalunsuran. Matatagpuan ang mga baryong Tsino sa buong mundo, kabilang sa [[Europa]], [[Asya]], [[Aprika]], [[Oseaniya]], at [[Kaamerikahan|mga Amerika]]. Mababakas ang kasaysayan ng mga baryong Tsino sa [[dinastiyang Tang]] noong ika-10 siglo nang magsimulang umusbong ang mga ito dahil sa mahalagang papel ng Tsina sa pandaigdigang kalakalan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The rise of merchant empires: long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350 - 1750 ; [essays originally prepared for distribution and discussion at a conference on &quot;The Rise of Merchant Empires&quot; in October 1987] |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-521-45735-4 |editor-last=Tracy |editor-first=James D. |edition=Transferred to digital print. 1999 - [im Kolophon: Milton Keynes: Lightning Source, 2010] |series=Studies in comparative early modern history |location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang [[Binondo]] sa [[Maynila]], na itinatag noong 1594, ay kinikilala bilang pinakamatandang umiiral na baryong Tsino sa mundo. Kabilang sa mga kapansin-pansing maagang halimbawa sa labas ng Asya ang baryong Tsino ng San Francisco sa Estados Unidos at ang baryong Tsino ng Melbourne sa Australya. Itinatag ang mga ito noong unang bahagi ng dekada 1850, sa panahon ng mga pandarayuhan dahil sa pagtuklas ng ginto sa California at Victoria, ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod. Ang isang mas makabagong halimbawa ay matatagpuan sa Montville, Connecticut, at nabuo ito dahil sa paglikas ng mga manggagawang Tsino mula sa baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa New York kasunod ng [[mga pag-atake noong Setyembre 11]] noong 2001.
[[Kategorya:Kultura ng Tsina]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsinong tradisyonal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsino]]</text>
      <sha1>peh3st532852bmaeby5xcft5klx7x8c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241060</id>
      <parentid>2241059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T12:42:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pag-aayos sa sanggunian</comment>
      <origin>2241060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4663" sha1="tdg66wihhypxd87vdajy78l9zchv82t" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Chinese|pic=Chinatown - East Broadway.jpg|piccap=Ang baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa [[Lungsod ng New York|New York]] ang may pinakamataas na konsentrasyon ng mga Tsino sa labas ng [[Asya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Manhattan Chinatown Largest Concentration Chinese Western Hemisphere&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fact-sheet&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYC Twelve Chinatowns&quot; /&gt;|c={{linktext|唐人街}}|p=Tángrénjiē|w=Tʻang&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; jen&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chieh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;|mi={{IPAc-cmn|t|ang|2|.|r|en|2|.|j|ie|1}}|bpmf=ㄊㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝ|l=&quot;kalye ng mga taong [[dinastiyang Tang|Tang]]&quot;|j=Tong4 jan4 gaai1|y=Tòhngyàhngāai|ci={{IPAc-yue|t|ong|4|-|j|an|4|-|g|aai|1}}|wuu=Daon&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; nin&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; ka&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj=Tông-jîn-ke|buc=Tòng-ìng-kĕ|s2=中国城|t2={{linktext|中國城}}|p2=Zhōngguóchéng|w2=Chung&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kuo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chʻeng&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;|mi2={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|g|uo|2|.|ch|eng|2}}|bpmf2=ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄥˊ|l2=&quot;baryong Tsino&quot;|j2=Zung1 gwok3 sing4|y2=Jūnggwoksìhng|ci2={{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|gw|ok|3|.|s|ing|4}}|wuu2=Tson&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; koh&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt; zen&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj2=Tiong-kok-siânn|buc2=Dŭng-guók-siàng|s3=华埠|t3={{linktext|華埠}}|p3=Huábù|w3=Hua&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;|mi3={{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|b|u|4}}|bpmf3=ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ|l3=&quot;distritong Tsino&quot;|j3=Waa4 fau6|y3=Wàhfauh|ci3={{IPAc-yue|w|aa|4|-|f|au|6}}|wuu3=Gho&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; bu&lt;sup&gt;去&lt;/sup&gt;|poj3=Hôa-bú|buc3=Huà-pú|h=Tongˇ nginˇ gieˊ|h2=Zungˊ guedˋ sangˇ|h3=Faˇ pu}}

Ang '''baryong Tsino''' o '''Chinatown''' ({{lang-zh|t=唐人街}}; {{Lang-es|barrio chino}}) ay isang karaniwang terminong ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang etnikong engklabe ng [[mga Tsino]] na matatagpuan sa labas ng [[Kalupaang Tsina]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]], at [[Taiwan]], na karaniwang nasa kalunsuran. Matatagpuan ang mga baryong Tsino sa buong mundo, kabilang sa [[Europa]], [[Asya]], [[Aprika]], [[Oseaniya]], at [[Kaamerikahan|mga Amerika]]. Mababakas ang kasaysayan ng mga baryong Tsino sa [[dinastiyang Tang]] noong ika-10 siglo nang magsimulang umusbong ang mga ito dahil sa mahalagang papel ng Tsina sa pandaigdigang kalakalan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The rise of merchant empires: long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350 - 1750 ; [essays originally prepared for distribution and discussion at a conference on &quot;The Rise of Merchant Empires&quot; in October 1987] |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-521-45735-4 |editor-last=Tracy |editor-first=James D. |edition=Transferred to digital print. 1999 - [im Kolophon: Milton Keynes: Lightning Source, 2010] |series=Studies in comparative early modern history |location=Cambridge|language=en|trans-title=Ang pagtaas ng mga imperyong mangangalakal: malayuang kalakalan sa unang bahagi ng modernong mundo, 1350 - 1750 ; [mga sanaysay na orihinal na inihanda para sa pamamahagi at talakayan sa isang kumperensiya sa &quot;The Rise of Merchant Empires&quot; noong Oktubre 1987]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang [[Binondo]] sa [[Maynila]], na itinatag noong 1594, ay kinikilala bilang pinakamatandang umiiral na baryong Tsino sa mundo. Kabilang sa mga kapansin-pansing maagang halimbawa sa labas ng Asya ang baryong Tsino ng San Francisco sa Estados Unidos at ang baryong Tsino ng Melbourne sa Australya. Itinatag ang mga ito noong unang bahagi ng dekada 1850, sa panahon ng mga pandarayuhan dahil sa pagtuklas ng ginto sa California at Victoria, ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod. Ang isang mas makabagong halimbawa ay matatagpuan sa Montville, Connecticut, at nabuo ito dahil sa paglikas ng mga manggagawang Tsino mula sa baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa New York kasunod ng [[mga pag-atake noong Setyembre 11]] noong 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2dbKSxna6k|title=Connecticut's Unexpected Chinatowns|via=[[YouTube]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214821/http://www.citylab.com/amp/article/440190/|archive-date=2016-10-31|lang=en|trans-title=Mga Di-inaasahang Baryo Tsino ng Connecticut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Philip Marcelo |title=Fortune, friction and decline as casino 'Chinatown' matures |url=https://www.norwichbulletin.com/news/20160722/fortune-friction-and-decline-as-casino-chinatown-matures |website=The Bulletin |agency=The Associated Press|language=en|trans-title=Yaman, alitan, at pagbaba ng sigla sa pag-unlad ng “baryong Tsino” ng mga kasino}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Kultura ng Tsina]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsinong tradisyonal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsino]]</text>
      <sha1>tdg66wihhypxd87vdajy78l9zchv82t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241068</id>
      <parentid>2241060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T16:01:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Pag-aayos sa sanggunian</comment>
      <origin>2241068</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5927" sha1="puruuubqx4hgi2acicqdnie90df5syy" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Chinese|pic=Chinatown - East Broadway.jpg|piccap=Ang baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa [[Lungsod ng New York|New York]] ang may pinakamataas na konsentrasyon ng mga Tsino sa labas ng [[Asya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Manhattan Chinatown Largest Concentration Chinese Western Hemisphere&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.introducingnewyork.com/chinatown|title=Chinatown New York|trans-title=Baryong Tsino sa New York|publisher=Civitatis New York|quote=As its name suggests, Chinatown is where the largest population of Chinese people live in the Western Hemisphere. |trans-quote=Gaya ng ipinahihiwatig ng pangalan nito, ang baryong Tsino ay kung saan nakatira ang pinakamalaking populasyon ng mga Tsino sa Kanlurang Hemisperyo. |access-date=Nobyembre 30, 2020|archive-date=Abril 4, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404164227/https://www.introducingnewyork.com/chinatown|url-status=live |last1=Mancebo |first1=Ivanka Garcia }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYC Twelve Chinatowns&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://ny.eater.com/2019/2/25/18236523/chinatowns-restaurants-elmhurst-homecrest-bensonhurst-east-village-little-neck-forest-hills-nyc|title=Believe It or Not, New York City Has Nine Chinatowns|trans-title=Maniwala ka man o Hindi, ang Lungsod ng New York ay May Siyam na Baryong Tsino|author=Stefanie Tuder|publisher=EATER NY|date=Pebrero 25, 2019|access-date=Nobyembre 30, 2020|archive-date=Pebrero 26, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226081349/https://ny.eater.com/2019/2/25/18236523/chinatowns-restaurants-elmhurst-homecrest-bensonhurst-east-village-little-neck-forest-hills-nyc|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|c={{linktext|唐人街}}|p=Tángrénjiē|w=Tʻang&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; jen&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chieh&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;|mi={{IPAc-cmn|t|ang|2|.|r|en|2|.|j|ie|1}}|bpmf=ㄊㄤˊ ㄖㄣˊ ㄐㄧㄝ|l=&quot;kalye ng mga taong [[dinastiyang Tang|Tang]]&quot;|j=Tong4 jan4 gaai1|y=Tòhngyàhngāai|ci={{IPAc-yue|t|ong|4|-|j|an|4|-|g|aai|1}}|wuu=Daon&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; nin&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; ka&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj=Tông-jîn-ke|buc=Tòng-ìng-kĕ|s2=中国城|t2={{linktext|中國城}}|p2=Zhōngguóchéng|w2=Chung&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;-kuo&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; chʻeng&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;|mi2={{IPAc-cmn|zh|ong|1|.|g|uo|2|.|ch|eng|2}}|bpmf2=ㄓㄨㄥ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄔㄥˊ|l2=&quot;baryong Tsino&quot;|j2=Zung1 gwok3 sing4|y2=Jūnggwoksìhng|ci2={{IPAc-yue|z|ung|1|.|gw|ok|3|.|s|ing|4}}|wuu2=Tson&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; koh&lt;sup&gt;入&lt;/sup&gt; zen&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt;|poj2=Tiong-kok-siânn|buc2=Dŭng-guók-siàng|s3=华埠|t3={{linktext|華埠}}|p3=Huábù|w3=Hua&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; pu&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;|mi3={{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|b|u|4}}|bpmf3=ㄏㄨㄚˊ ㄅㄨˋ|l3=&quot;distritong Tsino&quot;|j3=Waa4 fau6|y3=Wàhfauh|ci3={{IPAc-yue|w|aa|4|-|f|au|6}}|wuu3=Gho&lt;sup&gt;平&lt;/sup&gt; bu&lt;sup&gt;去&lt;/sup&gt;|poj3=Hôa-bú|buc3=Huà-pú|h=Tongˇ nginˇ gieˊ|h2=Zungˊ guedˋ sangˇ|h3=Faˇ pu}}

Ang '''baryong Tsino''' o '''Chinatown''' ({{lang-zh|t=唐人街}}; {{Lang-es|barrio chino}}) ay isang karaniwang terminong ginagamit upang ilarawan ang isang etnikong engklabe ng [[mga Tsino]] na matatagpuan sa labas ng [[Kalupaang Tsina]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Macau]], at [[Taiwan]], na karaniwang nasa kalunsuran. Matatagpuan ang mga baryong Tsino sa buong mundo, kabilang sa [[Europa]], [[Asya]], [[Aprika]], [[Oseaniya]], at [[Kaamerikahan|mga Amerika]]. Mababakas ang kasaysayan ng mga baryong Tsino sa [[dinastiyang Tang]] noong ika-10 siglo nang magsimulang umusbong ang mga ito dahil sa mahalagang papel ng Tsina sa pandaigdigang kalakalan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=The rise of merchant empires: long-distance trade in the early modern world, 1350 - 1750 ; [essays originally prepared for distribution and discussion at a conference on &quot;The Rise of Merchant Empires&quot; in October 1987] |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |isbn=978-0-521-45735-4 |editor-last=Tracy |editor-first=James D. |edition=Transferred to digital print. 1999 - [im Kolophon: Milton Keynes: Lightning Source, 2010] |series=Studies in comparative early modern history |location=Cambridge|language=en|trans-title=Ang pagtaas ng mga imperyong mangangalakal: malayuang kalakalan sa unang bahagi ng modernong mundo, 1350 - 1750 ; [mga sanaysay na orihinal na inihanda para sa pamamahagi at talakayan sa isang kumperensiya sa &quot;The Rise of Merchant Empires&quot; noong Oktubre 1987]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang [[Binondo]] sa [[Maynila]], na itinatag noong 1594, ay kinikilala bilang pinakamatandang umiiral na baryong Tsino sa mundo. Kabilang sa mga kapansin-pansing maagang halimbawa sa labas ng Asya ang baryong Tsino ng San Francisco sa Estados Unidos at ang baryong Tsino ng Melbourne sa Australya. Itinatag ang mga ito noong unang bahagi ng dekada 1850, sa panahon ng mga pandarayuhan dahil sa pagtuklas ng ginto sa California at Victoria, ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod. Ang isang mas makabagong halimbawa ay matatagpuan sa Montville, Connecticut, at nabuo ito dahil sa paglikas ng mga manggagawang Tsino mula sa baryong Tsino ng Manhattan sa New York kasunod ng [[mga pag-atake noong Setyembre 11]] noong 2001.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2dbKSxna6k|title=Connecticut's Unexpected Chinatowns|via=[[YouTube]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031214821/http://www.citylab.com/amp/article/440190/|archive-date=2016-10-31|lang=en|trans-title=Mga Di-inaasahang Baryo Tsino ng Connecticut}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Philip Marcelo |title=Fortune, friction and decline as casino 'Chinatown' matures |url=https://www.norwichbulletin.com/news/20160722/fortune-friction-and-decline-as-casino-chinatown-matures |website=The Bulletin |agency=The Associated Press|language=en|trans-title=Yaman, alitan, at pagbaba ng sigla sa pag-unlad ng “baryong Tsino” ng mga kasino}}{{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mga sanggunian==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategorya:Kultura ng Tsina]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsinong tradisyonal]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsino]]</text>
      <sha1>puruuubqx4hgi2acicqdnie90df5syy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Usapan:Baryong Tsino</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>340982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241058</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T12:10:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+ isinalinwikang pahina</comment>
      <origin>2241058</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38" sha1="qnbrs29o8vq805h6occ2eqmmf36rtl0" xml:space="preserve">{{Isinalinwikang pahina|en|Chinatown}}</text>
      <sha1>qnbrs29o8vq805h6occ2eqmmf36rtl0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pasko ni Santa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241065</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T15:46:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lafarga2007</username>
        <id>149406</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1384490408|Elves of the Forest]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1836" sha1="t4pi3uwtmcd40on7bd4nsqx7fun19fg" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox television|image=Elves of the Forest.jpg|image_size=200|caption=|native_name=森のトントたち|director=Masakazu Higuchi|executive_producer=Shigeto Takahashi|writer=|music=[[Takeo Watanabe]]|company=[[Zuiyo|Zuiyo Enterprise]]|network=[[Fuji Television]]|first_aired={{Start date|1984|10|05}}|last_aired={{End date|1985|03|29}}|num_episodes=23|country=Japan|language=Japanese}}Pasko ni Santa o Ang mga Engkanto ng Kagubatan. Sa ingles ay  {{Nihongo|'''''Elves of the Forest'''''|森のトントたち|Mori no Tonto Tachi}} ay isang seryeng anime sa telebisyon mula sa Japan na ginawa ng Zuiyo at inianimate ng Shaft. Una itong ipinalabas sa Fuji TV sa loob ng 23 yugto, mula Oktubre 5, 1984 hanggang Marso 29, 1985 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy |title=The Anime Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Stone Bridge Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=1933330104}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Daniel Valentin Simion |title=Il Dizionario dei Cartoni Animati |publisher=Anton |year=2009 |isbn=9788890390227}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:TV アニメ 森のトントたち |trans-title=TV Anime: Mori no Tonto Tachi |url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=89306 |access-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=AllCinema |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plot ==
Ang pamilya ni Joulupukki (&quot;Santa Claus&quot;) ay nakatira kasama ang mga tonttu at wight sa isang kagubatan sa Finnish Lapland . Marami silang nararanasang pakikipagsapalaran kasama ang ibang mga residente ng kagubatan; halimbawa, magkakasama silang nag-iimpake ng mga regalo sa Pasko.

== Mga Karakter ==

* Patty (Elisa) - apo ni Santa Claus.
* Erkki
* [[Santa Claus]] ( Joulupukki )
* Polly (Mauri)
* Ginang Claus (Muori)
* Elmi
* Pertti
* Kaarina
* Viktori
* Lasse

== Mga Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Hapones]]</text>
      <sha1>t4pi3uwtmcd40on7bd4nsqx7fun19fg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241066</id>
      <parentid>2241065</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T15:47:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lafarga2007</username>
        <id>149406</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1863" sha1="tvvvyzclu9pxz7bxg7p23cnxg6j2fbc" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox television|image=Elves of the Forest.jpg|image_size=200|caption=|native_name=森のトントたち|director=Masakazu Higuchi|executive_producer=Shigeto Takahashi|writer=|music=[[Takeo Watanabe]]|company=[[Zuiyo|Zuiyo Enterprise]]|network=[[Fuji Television]]|first_aired={{Start date|1984|10|05}}|last_aired={{End date|1985|03|29}}|num_episodes=23|country=Japan|language=Japanese}}Pasko ni Santa o Ang mga Engkanto ng Kagubatan. Sa ingles ay  {{Nihongo|'''''Elves of the Forest'''''|森のトントたち|Mori no Tonto Tachi}} ay isang seryeng anime sa telebisyon mula sa Japan na ginawa ng Zuiyo at inianimate ng Shaft. Una itong ipinalabas sa Fuji TV sa loob ng 23 yugto, mula Oktubre 5, 1984 hanggang Marso 29, 1985 . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Jonathan Clements, Helen McCarthy |title=The Anime Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Stone Bridge Press]] |year=2006 |isbn=1933330104}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Daniel Valentin Simion |title=Il Dizionario dei Cartoni Animati |publisher=Anton |year=2009 |isbn=9788890390227}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:TV アニメ 森のトントたち |trans-title=TV Anime: Mori no Tonto Tachi |url=http://www.allcinema.net/prog/show_c.php?num_c=89306 |access-date=June 12, 2013 |publisher=AllCinema |language=Japanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Plot ==
Ang pamilya ni Joulupukki (&quot;Santa Claus&quot;) ay nakatira kasama ang mga engkantong kung tawagin ay tonttu at wight sa isang kagubatan sa Finnish Lapland . Marami silang nararanasang pakikipagsapalaran kasama ang ibang mga residente ng kagubatan; halimbawa, magkakasama silang nag-iimpake ng mga regalo sa Pasko.

== Mga Karakter ==

* Patty (Elisa) - apo ni Santa Claus.
* Erkki
* [[Santa Claus]] ( Joulupukki )
* Polly (Mauri)
* Ginang Claus (Muori)
* Elmi
* Pertti
* Kaarina
* Viktori
* Lasse

== Mga Sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Hapones]]</text>
      <sha1>tvvvyzclu9pxz7bxg7p23cnxg6j2fbc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>唐人街</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340984</id>
    <redirect title="Baryong Tsino" />
    <revision>
      <id>2241069</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-08T16:02:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>LknFenix</username>
        <id>125962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ikinakarga sa [[Baryong Tsino]]</comment>
      <origin>2241069</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27" sha1="bqrs1tve84mxy9htl35lni2q28qk2i9" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Baryong Tsino]]</text>
      <sha1>bqrs1tve84mxy9htl35lni2q28qk2i9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Padron:Labiodental</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>340985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241085</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T00:59:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bagong pahina: * Isa itong [[katinig sa labi-ngipin]]; ibig sabihin, nabubuo ang katinig na ito gamit ang ibabang [[Labi (anatomiya)|labi]] at ang itaas na [[ngipin]].&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Consonant templates|Labiodental consonants}} [[Category:Consonant templates]] &lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Labiodental consonants]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;</comment>
      <origin>2241085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="318" sha1="5v2xzz3amjdotu5pyeceoaqcw50urmi" xml:space="preserve">* Isa itong [[katinig sa labi-ngipin]]; ibig sabihin, nabubuo ang katinig na ito gamit ang ibabang [[Labi (anatomiya)|labi]] at ang itaas na [[ngipin]].&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Consonant templates|Labiodental consonants}}
[[Category:Consonant templates]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Labiodental consonants]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>5v2xzz3amjdotu5pyeceoaqcw50urmi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tagagamit:GinawaSaHapon/burador</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>340986</id>
    <redirect title="Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin" />
    <revision>
      <id>2241092</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:17:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilipat ni GinawaSaHapon ang pahinang [[Tagagamit:GinawaSaHapon/burador]] sa [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]: Tapos na.</comment>
      <origin>2241092</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="ce0zfubmrga38ybzw5w6tnsrxr6xhcn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]</text>
      <sha1>ce0zfubmrga38ybzw5w6tnsrxr6xhcn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Voiceless labiodental nasal</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340987</id>
    <redirect title="Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin" />
    <revision>
      <id>2241093</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:18:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ikinakarga sa [[Di=matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]</comment>
      <origin>2241093</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="d5w4fg4vglslw9z9ea5u3ztmv4btl2c" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Di=matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]</text>
      <sha1>d5w4fg4vglslw9z9ea5u3ztmv4btl2c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241094</id>
      <parentid>2241093</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T01:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Changed redirect target from [[Di=matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]] to [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]</comment>
      <origin>2241094</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="ce0zfubmrga38ybzw5w6tnsrxr6xhcn" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]</text>
      <sha1>ce0zfubmrga38ybzw5w6tnsrxr6xhcn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340988</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241102</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T02:42:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>GinawaSaHapon</username>
        <id>102500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Bagong pahina: {{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa --&gt; {{Infobox IPA|ipa number=115|ipa symbol=ɱ|ipa symbol2=m̪|decimal=625|xsampa=F|braille=235|braille2=134|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0271.svg|above=Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin}} '''Matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa labì-ngípin''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng {{IPA|⟨ɱ⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Sinusulat din ito minsan bilang {{I...</comment>
      <origin>2241102</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11635" sha1="ntv2u2b4s0zau78rp2bsdnzh28e71vb" xml:space="preserve">{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa --&gt;
{{Infobox IPA|ipa number=115|ipa symbol=ɱ|ipa symbol2=m̪|decimal=625|xsampa=F|braille=235|braille2=134|imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0271.svg|above=Matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin}}
'''Matunóg na katínig na pailóng sa labì-ngípin''' ang [[katinig]] na tunog na kinakatawan ng {{IPA|⟨ɱ⟩}} sa [[Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto]] (IPA). Sinusulat din ito minsan bilang {{IPA|⟨m̪⟩}}. [[Lugar ng artikulasyon|Nabubuo]] ang tunog na ito sa pamamagitan ng pagdampi ng itaas na [[ngipin]] sa ibabang [[Labi (anatomiya)|labi]] na parang tunog {{IPA|[f]}} o {{IPA|[v]}}, ngunit nagkakaiba lamang sa paglabas ng hangin.

Ayon kina [[Peter Ladefoged]] at [[Ian Maddieson]], hindi matutukoy kung maaaring maganap sa tunog na ito ang isang tunay na [[tunog na may harang]] dahil sa mga maliliit na puwang sa pagitan ng mga ngipin na dadaluyan ng hangin.{{sfnp|Ladefoged|Maddieson|1996|p=18}} Karaniwan itong makikita sa maraming wika sa mundo, bagamat nagaganap ito madalas bilang isang [[alopono]] ng {{IPA|[f]}} bago ang tunog na {{IPA|[f]}} o {{IPA|[v]}}, gaya ng sa [[wikang Ingles]] na {{Lang|en|symphony}} ('simponiya', {{IPA|[ˈsɪ̃ɱᵖ̪fənɪ̞ː]}}). Naiulat lamang sa [[wikang Kukuya]] ang pagiging isang hiwalay na tunog ng {{IPA|⟨ɱ⟩}}, kung saan itinatangi ito sa {{IPAslink|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Paulian|1975|p=57}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Katangian ==
Mailalarawan ang matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin sa mga sumusunod na katangian:{{nasal stop}}
{{labiodental}}
{{voiced}}
{{nasal}}
{{Median–lateral}}
{{pulmonic}}

== Wika ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] !! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]]|| {{lang|de|[[German alphabet|fü'''n'''f]]}} || {{IPA|[fʏɱf]|lang=de}} || 'lima' ||&lt;!-- See German phonology --&gt;
|-
| [[Wikang Arabe|Arabo]]|| [[Hejazi Arabic|Hejazi]]|| {{lang|acw|قُرُنْفُل}} {{Transliteration|acw|gurunful}}|| {{IPA|[gʊrʊɱfʊl]|lang=acw}} || 'klabo' ||&lt;!-- See Hejazi Arabic phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Danes|Danes]]|| {{lang|da|[[Danish alphabet|sy'''m'''foni]]}} || {{IPA|[syɱfoˈniˀ]|lang=da}} || 'simponiya' ||&lt;!-- See Danish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Eslobako|Eslobako]]|| {{lang|sk|[[Slovak ortography|a'''m'''fiteáter]]}} || {{IPA|[aɱfiˈteaːter]|lang=sk}} || 'ampiteatro' ||&lt;!-- See Slovak phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Esloveno|Eslobeno]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SuKoPe136&quot;&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=136}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|sl|[[Slovene alphabet|si'''m'''fonija]]}} || {{IPA|[siɱfoˈníːjà]|lang=sl}} || 'simponiya' || Alopono ng {{IPAslink|m}} at {{IPAslink|n}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} o {{IPAslink|ʋ}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;SuKoPe136&quot; /&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Kastila|Espanyol]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Martínez-Celdrán|Fernández-Planas|Carrera-Sabaté|2003|p=258}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|es|[[Spanish orthography|desi'''n'''flar]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|LL-Q1321 (spa)-Emanuelps27-desinflar.wav|[d̪e̞.sĩɱˈfläɾ]|lang=es}} || 'magpalabas ng hangin' ||&lt;!-- See Spanish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Newton|1972|p=10}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|el|[[Greek alphabet|έ'''μ'''βρυο]]}} {{Transliteration|el|[[Romanization of Greek|é'''m'''vryo]]}}|| {{IPA|[ˈe̞ɱvrio̞]|lang=el}} || '[[bilig]]' ||&lt;!-- See Modern Greek phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Hebreo|Hebreo]]|| {{lang|he|[[Hebrew alphabet|סי'''מ'''פוניה]]}} {{Transliteration|he|simfonya}}|| {{IPA|[siɱˈfonja]|lang=he}} || 'simponiya' ||&lt;!-- See Modern Hebrew phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]|| [[English orthography|''sy'''m'''phony'']]|| {{Audio-IPA|symphony-pronunciation-audio.ogg|[ˈsɪ̃ɱᵖ̪fənɪ̞ː]|help=no}} || 'simponiya' || Alopono ng {{IPAslink|m}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} o {{IPAslink|v}}&lt;!-- See English phonology. --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Italyano|Italyano]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Rogers|d'Arcangeli|2004|p=118}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|it|[[Italian alphabet|i'''n'''vece]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Invece.wav|[iɱˈveːt͡ʃe̞]|lang=it}} || 'imbes' ||&lt;!-- See Italian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Kanlurang Prisiyano|Kanlurang Prisyano]]|| {{lang|fy|[[West Frisian alphabet|û'''n'''wis]]}} || {{IPA|[uːɱ'ʋɪs]|lang=fy}} || 'hindi sigurado' || Alopono ng {{IPA|/n/}} bago ang mga [[katinig sa labi-ngipin]]
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Catalan|Katalan]]|| {{lang|ca|[[Catalan alphabet|li'''m'''fa]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈɫiɱfə]}} || 'kulani' ||&lt;!-- See Catalan phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Kukuya|Kukuya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Paulian|1975|p=41}}&lt;/ref&gt; || colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | {{IPA|[ɱíì]|lang=kkw}} || 'mata' || Ponemiko, itinatangi sa {{IPAslink|m}}.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Macedonio|Masedonyo]]|| {{lang|mk|[[Macedonian alphabet|тра'''м'''вај]]}} {{lang|mk-Latn|tramvaj}} || {{IPA|[traɱˈvaj]|lang=mk}} || '[[trambiya]]'||&lt;!-- See Macedonian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Noruwego|Noruwego]]|| {{lang|no|[[Norwegian alphabet|ko'''m'''fyr]]}} || {{IPA|[kɔɱˈfyːɾ]|lang=no}} || 'kalan' ||&lt;!-- See Norwegian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Olandes|Olandes]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Kooij|Van Oostendorp|2003|p=9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Verhoeven|2005|p=243}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|nl|[[Dutch orthography|o'''m'''vallen]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Nl-omvallen.ogg|[ˈʔʊ̞ɱˌvɑlə(n)]|lang=nl}} || 'matumba' ||&lt;!-- See Dutch phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Finlandes|Pinlandes]]|| {{lang|fi|[[Finnish alphabet|ka'''m'''feri]]}} || {{IPA|[ˈkɑɱfe̞ri]|lang=fi}} || '[[alkampor]]' ||&lt;!-- See Finnish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Wikang Polako|Polako]]|| {{lang|pl|[[Polish orthography|sy'''m'''fonia]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Pl-symfonia.ogg|[sɘ̟ɱˈᵖ̪fɔɲ̟ä]|lang=pl}} || 'simponiya' ||&lt;!-- See Polish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Rumano|Rumano]]|| {{lang|ro|[[Romanian alphabet|î'''n'''văța]]}} || {{IPA|[ɨɱvəˈt͡sä]|lang=ro}} || 'matuto' ||&lt;!-- See Romanian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Ruso|Ruso]]|| {{lang|ru|[[Russian alphabet|а'''м'''фора]]}} {{Transliteration|ru|amfora}}|| {{IPA|['aɱfərə]|lang=ru}} || 'ampora' ||&lt;!-- See Russian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Serbokroasyo|Serbokroasyo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Landau68&quot;&gt;{{Harvcoltxt|Landau|Lončarić|Horga|Škarić|1999|p=67}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| {{lang|sh-Cyrl|[[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|тра'''м'''вај]]}} / {{lang|sh-Latn|[[Gaj's Latin alphabet|tra'''m'''vaj]]}} || {{IPA|[trǎɱʋäj]|lang=sh}} || '[[trambiya]]' || Alopono ng {{IPAslink|m}} at {{IPAslink|n}} bago ang {{IPAslink|f}} o {{IPAslink|ʋ}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Landau68&quot; /&gt; &lt;!-- See Serbo-Croatian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Suweko|Suweko]]|| {{lang|sv|[[Swedish alphabet|fra'''m'''för]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Sv-framför.ogg|[ˈfɾaɱˌfɶːɾ]|lang=sv}} || 'sa harap', 'magtanghal' ||&lt;!-- See Swedish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Tseko|Tseko]]|| {{lang|cs|[[Czech orthography|tra'''m'''vaj]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Cs-tramvaj.ogg|[ˈträɱʋäj]}}|| '[[trambiya]]'||&lt;!-- See Czech phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Turko|Turko]]|| {{lang|tr|[[Turkish alphabet|a'''m'''fibi]]}}|| {{IPA|[äɱfiˈbi]|lang=tr}}|| '[[Amphibia|ampibyo]]' ||&lt;!-- See Turkish phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Ungaro|Unggaro]]|| {{lang|hu|[[Hungarian orthography|álla'''m'''fő]]}} || {{Audio-IPA|Hu-államfő.ogg|[ˈaːlːɒɱᵖ̪føː]|lang=hu}} || 'pinuno ng bansa'||&lt;!-- See Hungarian phonology --&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Wikang Yuanmen|Yuanmen]]|| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; | {{IPA|[ɱoː⁶]|lang=lic}} || 'magsumbrero' || Ponemiko noon ngunit {{IPAslink|m}} na ngayon.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvcoltxt|Norquest|2007|p=107}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Tingnan din ==
* [[Di-matunog na katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]]

== Sanggunian ==
=== Pagsipi ===
&lt;references /&gt;

=== Pinagkunan ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation |last1=Kooij |first1=Jan |title=Fonologie: uitnodiging tot de klankleer van het Nederlands|trans-title=Ponolohiya: Panimula sa sistema ng tunog ng wikang Olandes|lang=nl|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7r6YHscTk5kC |year=2003 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |isbn=9789053566220 |last2=Van Oostendorp |first2=Marc}}
* {{SOWL}}
* {{citation |last1=Landau |first1=Ernestina |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet|lang=en|trans-title=Handbook ng Internasyonal na Ponetikong Asosasyon: Gabay sa paggamit sa Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto |pages=66–69 |year=1999 |chapter=Croatian|trans-chapter=Kroasyo |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-65236-7 |last2=Lončarić |first2=Mijo |last3=Horga |first3=Damir |last4=Škarić |first4=Ivo}}
* {{citation |last1=Martínez-Celdrán |first1=Eugenio |title=Castilian Spanish |trans-title=Kastila|lang=en|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=255–259 |year=2003 |doi=10.1017/S0025100303001373 |last2=Fernández-Planas |first2=Ana Ma. |last3=Carrera-Sabaté |first3=Josefina |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |last=Newton |first=Brian |title=The generative Interpretation of Dialect: A Study of Modern Greek Phonology|trans-title=Ang Heneratibong Interpretasyon ng Dayalekto: Pag-aaral sa Ponolohiya ng Modernong Griyego|lang=en |volume=8 |year=1972 |series=Cambridge Studies in Linguistics |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}
* {{citation |last=Paulian |first=Christiane |title=Le Kukuya Langue Teke du Congo: phonologie, classes nominales|trans-title=Kukuya, isang Wikang Teke ng Kongo: Ponolohiya at Uri ng Pangngalan|lang=fr |year=1975 |publisher=Peeters Publishers}}
* {{citation |last1=Rogers |first1=Derek |title=Italian |lang=en|trans-title=Italyano|journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=117–121 |year=2004 |doi=10.1017/S0025100304001628 |last2=d'Arcangeli |first2=Luciana |doi-access=free}}
* {{citation |last1=Šuštaršič |first1=Rastislav |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet|lang=en|trans-title=Handbook ng Internasyonal na Ponetikong Asosasyon: Gabay sa paggamit sa Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto |trans-chapter=Eslobeno|pages=135–139 |year=1999 |chapter=Slovene |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S0025100300004874 |isbn=0-521-65236-7 |last2=Komar |first2=Smiljana |last3=Petek |first3=Bojan |s2cid=249404451}}
* {{citation |last=Verhoeven |first=Jo |title=Belgian Standard Dutch|trans-title=Pamantayang Olandes ng Belhika|lang=en |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=243–247 |year=2005 |doi=10.1017/S0025100305002173 |doi-access=free}}
* {{cite thesis|last=Norquest|first=Peter K.|year=2007|title=A phonological reconstruction of Proto-Hlai|trans-title=Isang ponolohikong rekonstruksiyon ng Proto-Hlai|lang=en|degree=PhD|publisher=[[University of Arizona]]|hdl=10150/194203|url=https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/194203/azu_etd_2517_sip1_m.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714100732/https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/194203/azu_etd_2517_sip1_m.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|archive-date=2021-07-14}}
{{refend}}

== Link sa labas ==
* {{phoible|ɱ}}

{{IPA navigation}}
[[Kategorya:Katinig na pailong]]
[[Kategorya:Matunog na katinig]]
[[Kategorya:Katinig na labi-ngipin]]
[[Kategorya:Pulmonikong katinig]]</text>
      <sha1>ntv2u2b4s0zau78rp2bsdnzh28e71vb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>AC Cesena</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241107</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:16:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380963995|AC Cesena]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241107</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="657" sha1="7wqel30sovzdkie8p7w299j5adxzfhu" xml:space="preserve">{{Lito|Cesena FC}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Cesena''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Cesena''' ({{IPA|it|tʃeˈzɛːna}}), ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romaña]]. Ginugol ng club ang halos lahat ng kasaysayan nito sa mga propesyonal na liga tulad ng [[Serie A]] at [[Serie B]], ngunit nalugi at nagsara noong 2018. Nang taon ding iyon, binago ng club na Romagna Centro ang pangalan nito sa [[Cesena FC]], at ginamit ang pagkakakilanlan bilang AC Cesena.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>7wqel30sovzdkie8p7w299j5adxzfhu</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241108</id>
      <parentid>2241107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:16:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241108</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1935" sha1="j5bulks7gg9pcq0hyfdx9ncayna6ga1" xml:space="preserve">{{Lito|Cesena FC}}{{Infobox football club|clubname=Cesena|image=Cesena FC crest.svg|upright=0.6|fullname=Cesena Football Club|nickname=''I Cavallucci Marini'' (The Seahorses) &lt;br&gt; ''I Bianconeri'' (The White and Blacks)|founded={{start date and age|1940}} as A.C Cesena &lt;br&gt; {{start date and age|2018}} as Cesena Football Club|stadium=[[Stadio Dino Manuzzi|Orogel Stadium - Dino Manuzzi]]|capacity=20,194|owner=JRL Investment Partners LLC|chairman=Jonathan Aiello|chrtitle=President|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Alessandro Diamanti]]|league={{Italian football updater|Cesena}}|season={{Italian football updater|Cesena2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Cesena3}}|current=2025–26 Cesena FC season|website={{URL|https://cesenafc.com/it|cesenafc.com}}|pattern_b1=_cesena1819h|body1=FFFFFF|pattern_la1=_blackborder|leftarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_ra1=_blackborder|rightarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_sh1=_whitebottom|shorts1=000000|socks1=FFFFFF|pattern_b2=_cesena1819a|body2=000000|pattern_la2=_ces1819a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_ces1819a|rightarm2=000000|pattern_sh2=_blackbottom|pattern_so2=_monterrey1213t1|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000|pattern_b3=_cesena1819t|body3=3F48CC|pattern_la3=_ces1819t|leftarm3=3F48CC|pattern_ra3=_ces1819t|rightarm3=3F48CC|pattern_sh3=_whitebottom|shorts3=3F48CC|socks3=3F48CC}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Cesena''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Cesena''' ({{IPA|it|tʃeˈzɛːna}}), ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romaña]]. Ginugol ng club ang halos lahat ng kasaysayan nito sa mga propesyonal na liga tulad ng [[Serie A]] at [[Serie B]], ngunit nalugi at nagsara noong 2018. Nang taon ding iyon, binago ng club na Romagna Centro ang pangalan nito sa [[Cesena FC]], at ginamit ang pagkakakilanlan bilang AC Cesena.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>j5bulks7gg9pcq0hyfdx9ncayna6ga1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241109</id>
      <parentid>2241108</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:17:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241109</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2705" sha1="n1jd98lci21wl575g8m4ttffsl0bhfi" xml:space="preserve">{{Lito|Cesena FC}}{{Infobox football club|clubname=Cesena|image=Cesena FC crest.svg|upright=0.6|fullname=Cesena Football Club|nickname=''I Cavallucci Marini'' (The Seahorses) &lt;br&gt; ''I Bianconeri'' (The White and Blacks)|founded={{start date and age|1940}} as A.C Cesena &lt;br&gt; {{start date and age|2018}} as Cesena Football Club|stadium=[[Stadio Dino Manuzzi|Orogel Stadium - Dino Manuzzi]]|capacity=20,194|owner=JRL Investment Partners LLC|chairman=Jonathan Aiello|chrtitle=President|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Alessandro Diamanti]]|league={{Italian football updater|Cesena}}|season={{Italian football updater|Cesena2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Cesena3}}|current=2025–26 Cesena FC season|website={{URL|https://cesenafc.com/it|cesenafc.com}}|pattern_b1=_cesena1819h|body1=FFFFFF|pattern_la1=_blackborder|leftarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_ra1=_blackborder|rightarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_sh1=_whitebottom|shorts1=000000|socks1=FFFFFF|pattern_b2=_cesena1819a|body2=000000|pattern_la2=_ces1819a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_ces1819a|rightarm2=000000|pattern_sh2=_blackbottom|pattern_so2=_monterrey1213t1|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000|pattern_b3=_cesena1819t|body3=3F48CC|pattern_la3=_ces1819t|leftarm3=3F48CC|pattern_ra3=_ces1819t|rightarm3=3F48CC|pattern_sh3=_whitebottom|shorts3=3F48CC|socks3=3F48CC}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Cesena''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Cesena''' ({{IPA|it|tʃeˈzɛːna}}), ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romaña]]. Ginugol ng club ang halos lahat ng kasaysayan nito sa mga propesyonal na liga tulad ng [[Serie A]] at [[Serie B]], ngunit nalugi at nagsara noong 2018. Nang taon ding iyon, binago ng club na Romagna Centro ang pangalan nito sa [[Cesena FC]], at ginamit ang pagkakakilanlan bilang AC Cesena.

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1940 at nanalo ng unang promosyon sa [[Serie A]] noong [[1973–74 Serie A|1973]]. Simula noon, ang club ay nasa Serie A sa loob ng 13 season, ang kanilang pinakamahusay na tagumpay ay noong [[1975–76 Serie A|1976]] na may ikaanim na pwesto at isang maikling pagtakbo sa [[1976–77 UEFA Cup|UEFA Cup]] ng sumunod na season. Ang iba pang apat na promosyon sa Serie A ay nakamit noong [[1981–82 Serie A|1981]], [[1987–88 Serie A|1987]], [[2010–11 Serie A|2010]] (pagkatapos ng dalawang magkasunod na promosyon—mula sa ikatlong liga ([[Lega Pro]]) noong [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione 2008–09|2009]] at mula sa [[Serie B]] noong [[2009–10 Serie B|2010]], parehong nanalo sa huling araw ng kapanahunan) at [[2014–15 Serie A|2014]] .

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>n1jd98lci21wl575g8m4ttffsl0bhfi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241111</id>
      <parentid>2241109</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:18:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241111</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3324" sha1="d3kkb6nc3kxtuzrr16et1dzaq2mrr9a" xml:space="preserve">{{Lito|Cesena FC}}{{Infobox football club|clubname=Cesena|image=Cesena FC crest.svg|upright=0.6|fullname=Cesena Football Club|nickname=''I Cavallucci Marini'' (The Seahorses) &lt;br&gt; ''I Bianconeri'' (The White and Blacks)|founded={{start date and age|1940}} as A.C Cesena &lt;br&gt; {{start date and age|2018}} as Cesena Football Club|stadium=[[Stadio Dino Manuzzi|Orogel Stadium - Dino Manuzzi]]|capacity=20,194|owner=JRL Investment Partners LLC|chairman=Jonathan Aiello|chrtitle=President|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Alessandro Diamanti]]|league={{Italian football updater|Cesena}}|season={{Italian football updater|Cesena2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Cesena3}}|current=2025–26 Cesena FC season|website={{URL|https://cesenafc.com/it|cesenafc.com}}|pattern_b1=_cesena1819h|body1=FFFFFF|pattern_la1=_blackborder|leftarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_ra1=_blackborder|rightarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_sh1=_whitebottom|shorts1=000000|socks1=FFFFFF|pattern_b2=_cesena1819a|body2=000000|pattern_la2=_ces1819a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_ces1819a|rightarm2=000000|pattern_sh2=_blackbottom|pattern_so2=_monterrey1213t1|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000|pattern_b3=_cesena1819t|body3=3F48CC|pattern_la3=_ces1819t|leftarm3=3F48CC|pattern_ra3=_ces1819t|rightarm3=3F48CC|pattern_sh3=_whitebottom|shorts3=3F48CC|socks3=3F48CC}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Cesena''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Cesena''' ({{IPA|it|tʃeˈzɛːna}}), ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romaña]]. Ginugol ng club ang halos lahat ng kasaysayan nito sa mga propesyonal na liga tulad ng [[Serie A]] at [[Serie B]], ngunit nalugi at nagsara noong 2018. Nang taon ding iyon, binago ng club na Romagna Centro ang pangalan nito sa [[Cesena FC]], at ginamit ang pagkakakilanlan bilang AC Cesena.

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1940 at nanalo ng unang promosyon sa [[Serie A]] noong [[1973–74 Serie A|1973]]. Simula noon, ang club ay nasa Serie A sa loob ng 13 season, ang kanilang pinakamahusay na tagumpay ay noong [[1975–76 Serie A|1976]] na may ikaanim na puwesto at isang maikling pagtakbo sa [[1976–77 UEFA Cup|UEFA Cup]] ng sumunod na season. Ang iba pang apat na promosyon sa Serie A ay nakamit noong [[1981–82 Serie A|1981]], [[1987–88 Serie A|1987]], [[2010–11 Serie A|2010]] (pagkatapos ng dalawang magkasunod na promosyon—mula sa ikatlong liga ([[Lega Pro]]) noong [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione 2008–09|2009]] at mula sa [[Serie B]] noong [[2009–10 Serie B|2010]], parehong nanalo sa huling araw ng kapanahunan) at [[2014–15 Serie A|2014]].

== Kasaysayan ==
Itinatag noong 1940, ang Cesena ay nakarating sa Serie B noong 1968 at naiangat sa Serie A sa unang pagkakataon noong 1973. Gamit ang mga manlalarong tulad nina Pierluigi Cera at [[Gianluigi Savoldi]], nanatili ang koponan sa karangyaan at natapos sa ika-11 na puwesto sa kanilang kapanahunang debut, at inulit ang pagtatapos na iyon nang sumunod na taon. Noong kapanahunang 1975–76, ginulat ni Cesena ang Italya nang matapos sa ikaanim na puwesto at kasunod na maging kwalipikado para sa [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]. Ang tagumpay ay panandalian lamang at sila ay mapapababa sa susunod na taon.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>d3kkb6nc3kxtuzrr16et1dzaq2mrr9a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241113</id>
      <parentid>2241111</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:18:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241113</origin>
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      <text bytes="3331" sha1="rgp2lyb34zjuylq0m7ufqzcgn7mnmtu" xml:space="preserve">{{Lito|Cesena FC}}{{Infobox football club|clubname=Cesena|image=Cesena FC crest.svg|upright=0.6|fullname=Cesena Football Club|nickname=''I Cavallucci Marini'' (The Seahorses) &lt;br&gt; ''I Bianconeri'' (The White and Blacks)|founded={{start date and age|1940}} as A.C Cesena &lt;br&gt; {{start date and age|2018}} as Cesena Football Club|stadium=[[Stadio Dino Manuzzi|Orogel Stadium - Dino Manuzzi]]|capacity=20,194|owner=JRL Investment Partners LLC|chairman=Jonathan Aiello|chrtitle=President|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Alessandro Diamanti]]|league={{Italian football updater|Cesena}}|season={{Italian football updater|Cesena2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Cesena3}}|current=2025–26 Cesena FC season|website={{URL|https://cesenafc.com/it|cesenafc.com}}|pattern_b1=_cesena1819h|body1=FFFFFF|pattern_la1=_blackborder|leftarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_ra1=_blackborder|rightarm1=FFFFFF|pattern_sh1=_whitebottom|shorts1=000000|socks1=FFFFFF|pattern_b2=_cesena1819a|body2=000000|pattern_la2=_ces1819a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_ces1819a|rightarm2=000000|pattern_sh2=_blackbottom|pattern_so2=_monterrey1213t1|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000|pattern_b3=_cesena1819t|body3=3F48CC|pattern_la3=_ces1819t|leftarm3=3F48CC|pattern_ra3=_ces1819t|rightarm3=3F48CC|pattern_sh3=_whitebottom|shorts3=3F48CC|socks3=3F48CC}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Cesena''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Cesena''' ({{IPA|it|tʃeˈzɛːna}}), ay isang dating club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Cesena]], [[Emilia-Romaña]]. Ginugol ng club ang halos lahat ng kasaysayan nito sa mga propesyonal na liga tulad ng [[Serie A]] at [[Serie B]], ngunit nalugi at nagsara noong 2018. Nang taon ding iyon, binago ng club na Romagna Centro ang pangalan nito sa [[Cesena FC]], at ginamit ang pagkakakilanlan bilang AC Cesena.

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1940 at nanalo ng unang promosyon sa [[Serie A]] noong [[1973–74 Serie A|1973]]. Simula noon, ang club ay nasa Serie A sa loob ng 13 season, ang kanilang pinakamahusay na tagumpay ay noong [[1975–76 Serie A|1976]] na may ikaanim na puwesto at isang maikling pagtakbo sa [[1976–77 UEFA Cup|UEFA Cup]] ng sumunod na season. Ang iba pang apat na promosyon sa Serie A ay nakamit noong [[1981–82 Serie A|1981]], [[1987–88 Serie A|1987]], [[2010–11 Serie A|2010]] (pagkatapos ng dalawang magkasunod na promosyon—mula sa ikatlong liga ([[Lega Pro]]) noong [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione 2008–09|2009]] at mula sa [[Serie B]] noong [[2009–10 Serie B|2010]], parehong nanalo sa huling araw ng kapanahunan) at [[2014–15 Serie A|2014]].

== Kasaysayan ==
Itinatag noong 1940, ang Cesena ay nakarating sa Serie B noong 1968 at naiangat sa Serie A sa unang pagkakataon noong 1973. Gamit ang mga manlalarong tulad nina Pierluigi Cera at [[Gianluigi Savoldi]], nanatili ang koponan sa karangyaan at natapos sa ika-11 na puwesto sa kanilang kapanahunang debut, at inulit ang pagtatapos na iyon nang sumunod na taon. Noong kapanahunang 1975–76, ginulat ni Cesena ang Italya nang matapos sa ikaanim na puwesto at kasunod na maging kwalipikado para sa [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]]. Ang tagumpay ay panandalian lamang at sila ay mapapababa sa susunod na taon.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>rgp2lyb34zjuylq0m7ufqzcgn7mnmtu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>AC ChievoVerona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340990</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241123</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:36:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1383715841|AC ChievoVerona]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241123</origin>
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[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]
Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italian football. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241124</id>
      <parentid>2241123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:36:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]{{Infobox football club|clubname=ChievoVerona|image=A.C. ChievoVerona logo.svg|image_size=200px|fullname=Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona|nickname=''I Mussi Volanti'' (&quot;The Flying Donkeys&quot; in [[Venetian language|Venetian]]) &lt;br /&gt; ''Céo'' (&quot;Chievo&quot; in Venetian)&lt;br /&gt;''Squadra della Diga'' (Dam Team)&lt;br /&gt;''Clivensi''|founded={{start date and age|1929|09|6|df=yes}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948}} (refounded)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|2024|05|10|df=yes}} (refounded)|dissolved=|pattern_la1=_chievo2627h|leftarm1=|pattern_b1=_chievo2627h|body1=|pattern_ra1=_chievo2627h|rightarm1=|shorts1=|pattern_so1=_chievo2627h|pattern_sh1=_chievo2627h|socks1=0b2db8|pattern_la2=_chievo2627a|leftarm2=|pattern_b2=_chievo2627a|body2=|pattern_ra2=_chievo2627a|rightarm2=|shorts2=|pattern_so2=_chievo2627a|pattern_sh2=_chievo2627a|socks2=|body3=_chievo2627th|pattern_b3=_chievo2627th|pattern_la3=_chievo2627th|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=_chievo2627th|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=_chievo2627th|shorts3=|pattern_so3=_chievo2627th|socks3=000000|stadium=Stadio Aldo Olivieri, [[Verona]]|capacity=2,900|owner=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Didu]]|league={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona3}}|current=2026-27 AC ChievoVerona season|website={{URL|https://chievoverona1929.it/}}}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italian football. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2921" sha1="s2prbpp8rgeets9f9gm5v3kwjh84ixz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=ChievoVerona|image=A.C. ChievoVerona logo.svg|image_size=200px|fullname=Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona|nickname=''I Mussi Volanti'' (&quot;The Flying Donkeys&quot; in [[Venetian language|Venetian]]) &lt;br /&gt; ''Céo'' (&quot;Chievo&quot; in Venetian)&lt;br /&gt;''Squadra della Diga'' (Dam Team)&lt;br /&gt;''Clivensi''|founded={{start date and age|1929|09|6|df=yes}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948}} (refounded)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|2024|05|10|df=yes}} (refounded)|dissolved=|pattern_la1=_chievo2627h|leftarm1=|pattern_b1=_chievo2627h|body1=|pattern_ra1=_chievo2627h|rightarm1=|shorts1=|pattern_so1=_chievo2627h|pattern_sh1=_chievo2627h|socks1=0b2db8|pattern_la2=_chievo2627a|leftarm2=|pattern_b2=_chievo2627a|body2=|pattern_ra2=_chievo2627a|rightarm2=|shorts2=|pattern_so2=_chievo2627a|pattern_sh2=_chievo2627a|socks2=|body3=_chievo2627th|pattern_b3=_chievo2627th|pattern_la3=_chievo2627th|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=_chievo2627th|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=_chievo2627th|shorts3=|pattern_so3=_chievo2627th|socks3=000000|stadium=Stadio Aldo Olivieri, [[Verona]]|capacity=2,900|owner=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Didu]]|league={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona3}}|current=2026-27 AC ChievoVerona season|website={{URL|https://chievoverona1929.it/}}}}[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italian football. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3416" sha1="imf4gxyhhc3mazbg05idfg88rt9m0d0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=ChievoVerona|image=A.C. ChievoVerona logo.svg|image_size=200px|fullname=Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona|nickname=''I Mussi Volanti'' (&quot;The Flying Donkeys&quot; in [[Venetian language|Venetian]]) &lt;br /&gt; ''Céo'' (&quot;Chievo&quot; in Venetian)&lt;br /&gt;''Squadra della Diga'' (Dam Team)&lt;br /&gt;''Clivensi''|founded={{start date and age|1929|09|6|df=yes}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948}} (refounded)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|2024|05|10|df=yes}} (refounded)|dissolved=|pattern_la1=_chievo2627h|leftarm1=|pattern_b1=_chievo2627h|body1=|pattern_ra1=_chievo2627h|rightarm1=|shorts1=|pattern_so1=_chievo2627h|pattern_sh1=_chievo2627h|socks1=0b2db8|pattern_la2=_chievo2627a|leftarm2=|pattern_b2=_chievo2627a|body2=|pattern_ra2=_chievo2627a|rightarm2=|shorts2=|pattern_so2=_chievo2627a|pattern_sh2=_chievo2627a|socks2=|body3=_chievo2627th|pattern_b3=_chievo2627th|pattern_la3=_chievo2627th|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=_chievo2627th|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=_chievo2627th|shorts3=|pattern_so3=_chievo2627th|socks3=000000|stadium=Stadio Aldo Olivieri, [[Verona]]|capacity=2,900|owner=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Didu]]|league={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona3}}|current=2026-27 AC ChievoVerona season|website={{URL|https://chievoverona1929.it/}}}}[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italian football. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1929 at muling itinatag nang dalawang beses sa kasaysayan nito noong 1948 at 2024. Ito lamang ang koponan ng futbol na nagmula sa pinakamababang antas ng futbol ng Italya na nagtagumpay na umakyat sa buong piramide ng amateur at propesyonal hanggang sa makarating sa [[Serie A]] sa unang pagkakataon noong [[2001–02 Serie A|2001-02]] at mga [[UEFA club competitions|kompetisyon sa Europa]] nang sumunod na taon. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa Stadio Aldo Olivieri.

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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      <text bytes="3642" sha1="ngh0peyblsk9z8pxbz18j09797pehdf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=ChievoVerona|image=A.C. ChievoVerona logo.svg|image_size=200px|fullname=Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona|nickname=''I Mussi Volanti'' (&quot;The Flying Donkeys&quot; in [[Venetian language|Venetian]]) &lt;br /&gt; ''Céo'' (&quot;Chievo&quot; in Venetian)&lt;br /&gt;''Squadra della Diga'' (Dam Team)&lt;br /&gt;''Clivensi''|founded={{start date and age|1929|09|6|df=yes}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948}} (refounded)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|2024|05|10|df=yes}} (refounded)|dissolved=|pattern_la1=_chievo2627h|leftarm1=|pattern_b1=_chievo2627h|body1=|pattern_ra1=_chievo2627h|rightarm1=|shorts1=|pattern_so1=_chievo2627h|pattern_sh1=_chievo2627h|socks1=0b2db8|pattern_la2=_chievo2627a|leftarm2=|pattern_b2=_chievo2627a|body2=|pattern_ra2=_chievo2627a|rightarm2=|shorts2=|pattern_so2=_chievo2627a|pattern_sh2=_chievo2627a|socks2=|body3=_chievo2627th|pattern_b3=_chievo2627th|pattern_la3=_chievo2627th|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=_chievo2627th|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=_chievo2627th|shorts3=|pattern_so3=_chievo2627th|socks3=000000|stadium=Stadio Aldo Olivieri, [[Verona]]|capacity=2,900|owner=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Didu]]|league={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona3}}|current=2026-27 AC ChievoVerona season|website={{URL|https://chievoverona1929.it/}}}}[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italian football. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1929 at muling itinatag nang dalawang beses sa kasaysayan nito noong 1948 at 2024. Ito lamang ang koponan ng futbol na nagmula sa pinakamababang antas ng futbol ng Italya na nagtagumpay na umakyat sa buong piramide ng amateur at propesyonal hanggang sa makarating sa [[Serie A]] sa unang pagkakataon noong [[2001–02 Serie A|2001-02]] at mga [[UEFA club competitions|kompetisyon sa Europa]] nang sumunod na taon. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa Stadio Aldo Olivieri.

Noong mga taon nito bilang isang propesyonal na club, ibinahagi ng Chievo ang 38,402-upuang estadyo [[Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi|Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi]] kasama ang karibal nitong [[Hellas Verona FC|Hellas Verona]].

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T04:38:45Z</timestamp>
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        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="3643" sha1="7eqfr0rfq4qui0q5c9wn19fx4nint3r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=ChievoVerona|image=A.C. ChievoVerona logo.svg|image_size=200px|fullname=Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona|nickname=''I Mussi Volanti'' (&quot;The Flying Donkeys&quot; in [[Venetian language|Venetian]]) &lt;br /&gt; ''Céo'' (&quot;Chievo&quot; in Venetian)&lt;br /&gt;''Squadra della Diga'' (Dam Team)&lt;br /&gt;''Clivensi''|founded={{start date and age|1929|09|6|df=yes}}&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|df=yes|1948}} (refounded)&lt;br&gt;{{Start date and age|2024|05|10|df=yes}} (refounded)|dissolved=|pattern_la1=_chievo2627h|leftarm1=|pattern_b1=_chievo2627h|body1=|pattern_ra1=_chievo2627h|rightarm1=|shorts1=|pattern_so1=_chievo2627h|pattern_sh1=_chievo2627h|socks1=0b2db8|pattern_la2=_chievo2627a|leftarm2=|pattern_b2=_chievo2627a|body2=|pattern_ra2=_chievo2627a|rightarm2=|shorts2=|pattern_so2=_chievo2627a|pattern_sh2=_chievo2627a|socks2=|body3=_chievo2627th|pattern_b3=_chievo2627th|pattern_la3=_chievo2627th|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=_chievo2627th|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=_chievo2627th|shorts3=|pattern_so3=_chievo2627th|socks3=000000|stadium=Stadio Aldo Olivieri, [[Verona]]|capacity=2,900|owner=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Sergio Pellissier]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Didu]]|league={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|ChievoVerona3}}|current=2026-27 AC ChievoVerona season|website={{URL|https://chievoverona1929.it/}}}}[[File:Chievo_through_the_ages_2023.jpg|thumb| Ang pag-unlad ng Chievo sa estruktura ng liga ng Italyanong futbol simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30). Tanging ang mga season sa nangungunang apat na dibisyon ang lumalabas sa grapiko.]]Ang '''Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''ChievoVerona''' o simpleng '''Chievo''' ({{IPA|it|ˈkjɛːvo}} ,{{IPA|it|ˈkjeːvo|local}}), ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na ipinangalan at kumakatawan sa [[Chievo]], isang ''[[frazione]]'' o naik na may 4,500 naninirahan sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nasa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng dating kapitan ng koponan na si [[Sergio Pellissier]] simula noong 2024, na kumakatawan sa isang grupo ng halos 800 stakeholder na nilikha sa pamamagitan ng isang programang [[crowdfunding]], ang una sa uri nito sa Italyanong futbol. Ang koponan ay naglalaro sa [[Serie D]], ang ikaapat na antas ng [[Futbol sa Italya|futbol ng Italya]].

Ang club ay itinatag noong 1929 at muling itinatag nang dalawang beses sa kasaysayan nito noong 1948 at 2024. Ito lamang ang koponan ng futbol na nagmula sa pinakamababang antas ng futbol ng Italya na nagtagumpay na umakyat sa buong piramide ng amateur at propesyonal hanggang sa makarating sa [[Serie A]] sa unang pagkakataon noong [[2001–02 Serie A|2001-02]] at mga [[UEFA club competitions|kompetisyon sa Europa]] nang sumunod na taon. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa Stadio Aldo Olivieri.

Noong mga taon nito bilang isang propesyonal na club, ibinahagi ng Chievo ang 38,402-upuang estadyo [[Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi|Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi]] kasama ang karibal nitong [[Hellas Verona FC|Hellas Verona]].

== Mga talababa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga sanggunian ==

* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=1929 - ChievoVerona |publisher=Covent |year=2020 |isbn=}}
* {{Cite book |last=Bottacini |first=Franco |title=ChievoVerona 1929-2000 |publisher=Unigroup |year=2000 |isbn=}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commons category}}

* {{Official website|http://www.chievoverona.it/en}} Archived   .
{{Serie D teamlist}}{{Chievo Verona}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>FC Crotone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241163</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380963403|FC Crotone]]&quot;</comment>
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Ang '''Football Club Crotone Srl''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Crotone''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Crotona]], [[Calabria]] . Naglalaro ito sa ikatlong dibisyon ng Italyanong futbol, ang [[Serie C|Serie C.]] Itinatag noong Setyembre 20, 1910, isinagawa nito ang mga laro sa kanilang tahanan sa [[Stadio Ezio Scida]], na may kapasidad na 16,647 na upuan.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.fccrotone.it/}} {{In lang|it|en}}
{{FC Crotone}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B teamlist}}{{Serie A}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Italyano ng CS1 (it)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241165</id>
      <parentid>2241163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:08:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2311" sha1="cm41nhkmxmbqfdp4bla25w09u6ehybe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Crotone|image=FC Crotone logo.svg|upright=0.55|fullname=Football Club Crotone [[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]]|nickname=''I Pitagorici'' (The Pythagoreans)&lt;br /&gt;''Gli Squali'' or ''Lo Squalo Calabrese'' (The Sharks or The Shark of Calabria)&lt;br /&gt;''Rossoblù'' (Red and Blue)|founded={{Start date and age|1910|df=yes}}|ground=[[Stadio Ezio Scida]]|capacity=16,647|chairman=Gianni Vrenna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|title=Società|access-date=25 September 2017|publisher=F.C. Crotone|language=it|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132743/http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|manager=[[Leandro Greco]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Crotone}}|season={{Italian football updater|Crotone2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Crotone3}}|website={{URL|http://www.fccrotone.it}}|current=2025–26 FC Crotone season|pattern_la1=_crotone2122h|pattern_b1=_crotone2122h|pattern_ra1=_crotone2122h|pattern_sh1=_crotone2122h|pattern_so1=_crotone2122hl|leftarm1=000040|body1=000040|rightarm1=000040|shorts1=000040|socks1=000040|pattern_la2=_crotone2122a|pattern_b2=_crotone2122a|pattern_ra2=_crotone2122a|pattern_sh2=_crotone2122a|pattern_so2=_crotone2122al|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_crotone2122t|pattern_b3=_crotone2122t|pattern_ra3=_crotone2122t|pattern_sh3=_crotone2122t|pattern_so3=_crotone2122hl|leftarm3=4A8420|body3=4A8420|rightarm3=4A8420|shorts3=4A8420|socks3=4A8420}}Ang '''Football Club Crotone Srl''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Crotone''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Crotona]], [[Calabria]] . Naglalaro ito sa ikatlong dibisyon ng Italyanong futbol, ang [[Serie C|Serie C.]] Itinatag noong Setyembre 20, 1910, isinagawa nito ang mga laro sa kanilang tahanan sa [[Stadio Ezio Scida]], na may kapasidad na 16,647 na upuan.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.fccrotone.it/}} {{In lang|it|en}}
{{FC Crotone}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B teamlist}}{{Serie A}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Italyano ng CS1 (it)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>cm41nhkmxmbqfdp4bla25w09u6ehybe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241166</id>
      <parentid>2241165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:09:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241166</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2907" sha1="92rq2l21mjkifddwmw1o0p93cvngnhp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Crotone|image=FC Crotone logo.svg|upright=0.55|fullname=Football Club Crotone [[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]]|nickname=''I Pitagorici'' (The Pythagoreans)&lt;br /&gt;''Gli Squali'' or ''Lo Squalo Calabrese'' (The Sharks or The Shark of Calabria)&lt;br /&gt;''Rossoblù'' (Red and Blue)|founded={{Start date and age|1910|df=yes}}|ground=[[Stadio Ezio Scida]]|capacity=16,647|chairman=Gianni Vrenna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|title=Società|access-date=25 September 2017|publisher=F.C. Crotone|language=it|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132743/http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|manager=[[Leandro Greco]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Crotone}}|season={{Italian football updater|Crotone2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Crotone3}}|website={{URL|http://www.fccrotone.it}}|current=2025–26 FC Crotone season|pattern_la1=_crotone2122h|pattern_b1=_crotone2122h|pattern_ra1=_crotone2122h|pattern_sh1=_crotone2122h|pattern_so1=_crotone2122hl|leftarm1=000040|body1=000040|rightarm1=000040|shorts1=000040|socks1=000040|pattern_la2=_crotone2122a|pattern_b2=_crotone2122a|pattern_ra2=_crotone2122a|pattern_sh2=_crotone2122a|pattern_so2=_crotone2122al|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_crotone2122t|pattern_b3=_crotone2122t|pattern_ra3=_crotone2122t|pattern_sh3=_crotone2122t|pattern_so3=_crotone2122hl|leftarm3=4A8420|body3=4A8420|rightarm3=4A8420|shorts3=4A8420|socks3=4A8420}}Ang '''Football Club Crotone Srl''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Crotone''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Crotona]], [[Calabria]] . Naglalaro ito sa ikatlong dibisyon ng Italyanong futbol, ang [[Serie C|Serie C.]] Itinatag noong Setyembre 20, 1910, isinagawa nito ang mga laro sa kanilang tahanan sa [[Stadio Ezio Scida]], na may kapasidad na 16,647 na upuan.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang club ay nakabase sa sinaunang pamayanang Griyego ng [[Crotona|Kroton]], isa sa mga unang kolonya ng Griyego sa tinatawag ngayong modernong Italya. Ipinagmamalaki ng club ang kanilang pinagmulang Griyego gamit ang kanilang mga banner at slogan at regular na naglalarawan ng mga simbolong Griyego tulad ng mga [[Isparta|sundalo ng Sparta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2021 |title=Italian Football Team FC Crotone is Uniquely Proud of Its Greek Origins |url=https://greekreporter.com/2021/05/17/italian-football-team-fc-crotone-is-uniquely-proud-of-its-greek-origins/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.fccrotone.it/}} {{In lang|it|en}}
{{FC Crotone}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B teamlist}}{{Serie A}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Italyano ng CS1 (it)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>92rq2l21mjkifddwmw1o0p93cvngnhp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241168</id>
      <parentid>2241166</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:09:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasaysayan */</comment>
      <origin>2241168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3491" sha1="d4sal61jmiiacrunxp3dp47idbsu32w" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Crotone|image=FC Crotone logo.svg|upright=0.55|fullname=Football Club Crotone [[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]]|nickname=''I Pitagorici'' (The Pythagoreans)&lt;br /&gt;''Gli Squali'' or ''Lo Squalo Calabrese'' (The Sharks or The Shark of Calabria)&lt;br /&gt;''Rossoblù'' (Red and Blue)|founded={{Start date and age|1910|df=yes}}|ground=[[Stadio Ezio Scida]]|capacity=16,647|chairman=Gianni Vrenna&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|title=Società|access-date=25 September 2017|publisher=F.C. Crotone|language=it|archive-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925132743/http://www.fccrotone.it/societa/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|manager=[[Leandro Greco]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Crotone}}|season={{Italian football updater|Crotone2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Crotone3}}|website={{URL|http://www.fccrotone.it}}|current=2025–26 FC Crotone season|pattern_la1=_crotone2122h|pattern_b1=_crotone2122h|pattern_ra1=_crotone2122h|pattern_sh1=_crotone2122h|pattern_so1=_crotone2122hl|leftarm1=000040|body1=000040|rightarm1=000040|shorts1=000040|socks1=000040|pattern_la2=_crotone2122a|pattern_b2=_crotone2122a|pattern_ra2=_crotone2122a|pattern_sh2=_crotone2122a|pattern_so2=_crotone2122al|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_crotone2122t|pattern_b3=_crotone2122t|pattern_ra3=_crotone2122t|pattern_sh3=_crotone2122t|pattern_so3=_crotone2122hl|leftarm3=4A8420|body3=4A8420|rightarm3=4A8420|shorts3=4A8420|socks3=4A8420}}Ang '''Football Club Crotone Srl''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Crotone''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Crotona]], [[Calabria]] . Naglalaro ito sa ikatlong dibisyon ng Italyanong futbol, ang [[Serie C|Serie C.]] Itinatag noong Setyembre 20, 1910, isinagawa nito ang mga laro sa kanilang tahanan sa [[Stadio Ezio Scida]], na may kapasidad na 16,647 na upuan.

== Kasaysayan ==
Ang club ay nakabase sa sinaunang pamayanang Griyego ng [[Crotona|Kroton]], isa sa mga unang kolonya ng Griyego sa tinatawag ngayong modernong Italya. Ipinagmamalaki ng club ang kanilang pinagmulang Griyego gamit ang kanilang mga banner at slogan at regular na naglalarawan ng mga simbolong Griyego tulad ng mga [[Isparta|sundalo ng Sparta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 May 2021 |title=Italian Football Team FC Crotone is Uniquely Proud of Its Greek Origins |url=https://greekreporter.com/2021/05/17/italian-football-team-fc-crotone-is-uniquely-proud-of-its-greek-origins/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang unang koponan mula sa Crotone, ang ''Società sportiva Crotona'', ay itinatag noong Setyembre 20, 1910, ngunit hindi sumusunod sa [[Pederasyong Futbol ng Italya]], at ang mga sumusunod na pangunahing koponan ng Crotone, tulad ng ''Milone Crotone'', ay hindi lumahok bago ang 1921 sa ilang mga menor na liga kabilang ang ''Prima Divisione'' (na kalaunan ay kikilalanin bilang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione|Serie C]]). Kasunod ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]], isang bagong club, ang ''Unione Sportiva Crotone,'' ang pumalit sa nauna, at naglaro ng pitong kapanahunan sa Serie C.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.fccrotone.it/}} {{In lang|it|en}}
{{FC Crotone}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B teamlist}}{{Serie A}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Italyano ng CS1 (it)]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>d4sal61jmiiacrunxp3dp47idbsu32w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rehiyon ng Italya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340992</id>
    <redirect title="Mga rehiyon ng Italya" />
    <revision>
      <id>2241172</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T06:11:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ikinakarga sa [[Mga rehiyon ng Italya]]</comment>
      <origin>2241172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="35" sha1="gweier1nqt50ialgeg1ipwi9eudrc2v" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[mga rehiyon ng Italya]]</text>
      <sha1>gweier1nqt50ialgeg1ipwi9eudrc2v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Calcio Foggia 1920</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241206</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:33:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1381213296|Calcio Foggia 1920]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="503" sha1="0sakjbeydbbj5hcypfk5fkb4wgllxlm" xml:space="preserve">
Ang '''Calcio Foggia 1920''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Foggia''', ay isang club sa [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Foggia]], [[Apulia]]. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong dibisyon ng kampeonato ng Italya.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{Official website|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>0sakjbeydbbj5hcypfk5fkb4wgllxlm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241207</id>
      <parentid>2241206</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:35:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="955" sha1="35ikaw3wqk3x8za9gv1srb0s8dzxs6g" xml:space="preserve">
Ang '''Calcio Foggia 1920''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Foggia''', ay isang club sa [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Foggia]], [[Apulia]]. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong dibisyon ng kampeonato ng Italya.

Matapos ang huling pagkakataong mapasama sa pinakamataas na antas ng [[Serie A]] noong 1995, naranasan ng koponan ang pinakamagagandang panahon sa kasaysayan nito noong dekada '60 at '70, at gayundin noong unang kalahati ng dekada '90, kung saan naglaro sila ng apat na kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng liga habang muntik nang makapasok sa UEFA Cup at nakakuha ng pagtangkilik sa media sa antas ng Europa dahil sa mabilis at umaatakeng futbol.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{Official website|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>35ikaw3wqk3x8za9gv1srb0s8dzxs6g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241208</id>
      <parentid>2241207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:36:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2507" sha1="940riwxew2sw3fps74mpkzzv03vmppb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club 
| clubname = Foggia
| image    = Calcio Foggia 1920 crest.svg
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Calcio Foggia 1920&lt;br /&gt;[[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]] 
| nickname = ''Rossoneri'' (The Red and Blacks) &lt;br /&gt;''Satanelli'' (The Little Satans) &lt;br /&gt;''Dauni'' (The Daunians) 
| founded  = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1920}} as ''US Foggia''&lt;br&gt;{{start date and years ago|df=yes|2019}} as ''Foggia Calcio 1920''
| dissolved = 
| stadium   = [[Stadio Pino Zaccheria]]
| capacity = 25,085
| owner = Foggia Sport Srl
| chrtitle = President
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| chairman = Nicola Canonico
| manager  = Gaetano Auteri
| league   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia}}
| season   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia2}}
| position = {{Italian football updater|Foggia3}}
|pattern_b1 = _foggia2627H
|body1 = FF0000
|pattern_la1 = _foggia2627H
|leftarm1 = FF0000
|pattern_ra1 = _foggia2627H
|rightarm1 = FF0000
|pattern_sh1 = 
|shorts1 = 000000
|pattern_so1 = 
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&lt;!-- Divisa da trasferta --&gt;|pattern_b2 = _foggia2627A
|body2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_la2 = _foggia2627A
|leftarm2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_ra2 = _foggia2627A
|rightarm2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_sh2 = 
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|pattern_so2 = 
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&lt;!-- Terza divisa --&gt;|body3 = CCFF00
|pattern_b3 = _foggia2627T
|pattern_la3 = 
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|pattern_ra3 = 
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|pattern_sh3 = 
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|pattern_so3 = 
|socks3 = CCFF00
|current = 2025–26 Calcio Foggia 1920 season
|website = {{URL|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net/}}
}}
Ang '''Calcio Foggia 1920''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Foggia''', ay isang club sa [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Foggia]], [[Apulia]]. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong dibisyon ng kampeonato ng Italya.

Matapos ang huling pagkakataong mapasama sa pinakamataas na antas ng [[Serie A]] noong 1995, naranasan ng koponan ang pinakamagagandang panahon sa kasaysayan nito noong dekada '60 at '70, at gayundin noong unang kalahati ng dekada '90, kung saan naglaro sila ng apat na kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng liga habang muntik nang makapasok sa UEFA Cup at nakakuha ng pagtangkilik sa media sa antas ng Europa dahil sa mabilis at umaatakeng futbol.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{Official website|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>940riwxew2sw3fps74mpkzzv03vmppb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241209</id>
      <parentid>2241208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:36:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2732" sha1="1p2izn9ypkaq5uo83rjgxs6bbuwm93z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club 
| clubname = Foggia
| image    = Calcio Foggia 1920 crest.svg
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Calcio Foggia 1920&lt;br /&gt;[[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]] 
| nickname = ''Rossoneri'' (The Red and Blacks) &lt;br /&gt;''Satanelli'' (The Little Satans) &lt;br /&gt;''Dauni'' (The Daunians) 
| founded  = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1920}} as ''US Foggia''&lt;br&gt;{{start date and years ago|df=yes|2019}} as ''Foggia Calcio 1920''
| dissolved = 
| stadium   = [[Stadio Pino Zaccheria]]
| capacity = 25,085
| owner = Foggia Sport Srl
| chrtitle = President
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| chairman = Nicola Canonico
| manager  = Gaetano Auteri
| league   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia}}
| season   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia2}}
| position = {{Italian football updater|Foggia3}}
|pattern_b1 = _foggia2627H
|body1 = FF0000
|pattern_la1 = _foggia2627H
|leftarm1 = FF0000
|pattern_ra1 = _foggia2627H
|rightarm1 = FF0000
|pattern_sh1 = 
|shorts1 = 000000
|pattern_so1 = 
|socks1 = 000000 
&lt;!-- Divisa da trasferta --&gt;|pattern_b2 = _foggia2627A
|body2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_la2 = _foggia2627A
|leftarm2 = FFFFFF
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|rightarm2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_sh2 = 
|shorts2 = FFFFFF
|pattern_so2 = 
|socks2 = FFFFFF
&lt;!-- Terza divisa --&gt;|body3 = CCFF00
|pattern_b3 = _foggia2627T
|pattern_la3 = 
|leftarm3 = CCFF00
|pattern_ra3 = 
|rightarm3 = CCFF00
|pattern_sh3 = 
|shorts3 = CCFF00
|pattern_so3 = 
|socks3 = CCFF00
|current = 2025–26 Calcio Foggia 1920 season
|website = {{URL|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net/}}
}}
Ang '''Calcio Foggia 1920''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Foggia''', ay isang club sa [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Foggia]], [[Apulia]]. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong dibisyon ng kampeonato ng Italya.

Matapos ang huling pagkakataong mapasama sa pinakamataas na antas ng [[Serie A]] noong 1995, naranasan ng koponan ang pinakamagagandang panahon sa kasaysayan nito noong dekada '60 at '70, at gayundin noong unang kalahati ng dekada '90, kung saan naglaro sila ng apat na kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng liga habang muntik nang makapasok sa UEFA Cup at nakakuha ng pagtangkilik sa media sa antas ng Europa dahil sa mabilis at umaatakeng futbol.

Noong Abril 23, 2017, nabawi ng club ang promosyon sa [[Serie B]] pagkatapos ng 19 na taong pagkawala, ngunit muling natigil makalipas ang dalawang taon, upang muling simulan ang [[Serie D]] noong 2019 bilang Calcio Foggia.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{Official website|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241210</id>
      <parentid>2241209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T08:37:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="2959" sha1="pjvinkum852ceeepbnoauveei2hnrnu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club 
| clubname = Foggia
| image    = Calcio Foggia 1920 crest.svg
| image_size = 200px
| fullname = Calcio Foggia 1920&lt;br /&gt;[[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]] 
| nickname = ''Rossoneri'' (The Red and Blacks) &lt;br /&gt;''Satanelli'' (The Little Satans) &lt;br /&gt;''Dauni'' (The Daunians) 
| founded  = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1920}} as ''US Foggia''&lt;br&gt;{{start date and years ago|df=yes|2019}} as ''Foggia Calcio 1920''
| dissolved = 
| stadium   = [[Stadio Pino Zaccheria]]
| capacity = 25,085
| owner = Foggia Sport Srl
| chrtitle = President
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| chairman = Nicola Canonico
| manager  = Gaetano Auteri
| league   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia}}
| season   = {{Italian football updater|Foggia2}}
| position = {{Italian football updater|Foggia3}}
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|current = 2025–26 Calcio Foggia 1920 season
|website = {{URL|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net/}}
}}
Ang '''Calcio Foggia 1920''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Foggia''', ay isang club sa [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Foggia]], [[Apulia]]. Kasalukuyan itong naglalaro sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong dibisyon ng kampeonato ng Italya.

Matapos ang huling pagkakataong mapasama sa pinakamataas na antas ng [[Serie A]] noong 1995, naranasan ng koponan ang pinakamagagandang panahon sa kasaysayan nito noong dekada '60 at '70, at gayundin noong unang kalahati ng dekada '90, kung saan naglaro sila ng apat na kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng liga habang muntik nang makapasok sa UEFA Cup at nakakuha ng pagtangkilik sa media sa antas ng Europa dahil sa mabilis at umaatakeng futbol.

Noong Abril 23, 2017, nabawi ng club ang promosyon sa [[Serie B]] pagkatapos ng 19 na taong pagkawala, ngunit muling natigil makalipas ang dalawang taon, upang muling simulan ang [[Serie D]] noong 2019 bilang Calcio Foggia.

== Mga tagasuporta ==
Ang futbol ay palaging isang sikat na sport na sinusundan sa lungsod ng [[Foggia]], lalo na mula pa noong panahon ni Zeman. Makakaasa rin ang I Satanelli sa suporta mula sa buong [[Lalawigan ng Foggia]].

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
{{Commonscatinline}}

* {{Official website|https://www.calciofoggia1920.net}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hellas Verona FC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340994</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241213</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T09:46:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1380790359|Hellas Verona FC]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241213</origin>
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[[File:Verona_through_the_ages_2025.jpg|thumb| Ang paglalaro ng Verona sa estruktura ng liga ng futbol ng Italya simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30).]]
Ang '''Hellas Verona Football Club''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Hellas Verona''' lamang ({{IPA|it|ˈɛllaz veˈroːna|lang}}), ay isang Italyanong propesyonal na [[Talaan ng mga club ng futbol sa Italya|club]] ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nakikipagkumpitensiya sa [[Serie B]], kasunod ng pagkahulog mula sa [[Serie A]]. Ang Hellas ay kinoronahang [[Talaan ng mga Italyanong kampeon sa futbol|kampeon ng Italya]] nang isang beses, noong [[1984–85 Serie A|kapanahunang 1984-85]], at ito lamang ang koponan mula sa isang lungsod na hindi isang kabisera ng rehiyon na nanalo ng kampeonatong tuktok simula nang itatag ang modernong Serie A noong 1929. Nanalo rin sila sa ikalawang antas ng [[Serie B]] sa tatlong pagkakataon.

== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Karagdagang babasahin ==

* {{Cite book |last=Parks |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Parks |title=[[A Season with Verona]]: Travels around Italy in Search of Illusion, National Character and Goals |date=2002 |publisher=Secker &amp; Warburg |isbn=0436275953 |location=London}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website}} {{In lang|it|en}}
* [https://en.legaseriea.it/team/hellas-verona Hellas Verona FC] at [[Serie A]]
* [https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/52301 Hellas Verona FC] at UEFA
* {{Commonscatinline}}
{{Hellas Verona FC}}{{Hellas Verona FC squad}}{{Hellas Verona FC managers}}{{Hellas Verona FC seasons}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B teamlist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241214</id>
      <parentid>2241213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T09:46:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241214</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3422" sha1="ryw813392ptp3vynf5cb55jlnc79tq0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Hellas Verona|current=2026–27 Hellas Verona FC season|image=Hellas Verona FC logo (2020).svg|upright=0.75|caption=|fullname=Hellas Verona Football Club [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Gialloblù'' (The Yellow and Blues) &lt;br /&gt; ''I Mastini'' (The Mastiffs) &lt;br /&gt; ''Gli Scaligeri'' (The [[Scaliger]]s)&lt;br /&gt;''I Butei'' (&quot;The Boys&quot;)|founded={{Start date and age|df=yes|1903}}, as ''Associazione Calcio Hellas''&lt;br&gt; {{Start date and age|df=yes|1991}}, as ''Verona Football Club''|dissolved=|stadium=[[Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi]]|capacity=39,211&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hellasverona.it/stadio.php|publisher=hellasverona.it|title=Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi|access-date=28 May 2013|archive-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129155751/http://www.hellasverona.it/stadio.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|owntitle=|owner=Presidio Investors|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Italo Zanzi]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Baroni]]|league={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona3}}|website={{Official URL}}|pattern_la1=_verona2627h|pattern_b1=_verona2627h|pattern_ra1=_verona2627h|pattern_sh1=_yellowsides|pattern_so1=_yellowtopl|leftarm1=203664|body1=203664|rightarm1=203664|shorts1=203664|socks1=203664|pattern_la2=_verona2627a|pattern_b2=_verona2627a|pattern_ra2=_verona2627a|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=_verona2627al|leftarm2=ffdc00|body2=ffdc00|rightarm2=ffdc00|shorts2=ffdc00|socks2=ffdc00|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Verona_through_the_ages_2025.jpg|thumb| Ang paglalaro ng Verona sa estruktura ng liga ng futbol ng Italya simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30).]]
Ang '''Hellas Verona Football Club''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Hellas Verona''' lamang ({{IPA|it|ˈɛllaz veˈroːna|lang}}), ay isang Italyanong propesyonal na [[Talaan ng mga club ng futbol sa Italya|club]] ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nakikipagkumpitensiya sa [[Serie B]], kasunod ng pagkahulog mula sa [[Serie A]]. Ang Hellas ay kinoronahang [[Talaan ng mga Italyanong kampeon sa futbol|kampeon ng Italya]] nang isang beses, noong [[1984–85 Serie A|kapanahunang 1984-85]], at ito lamang ang koponan mula sa isang lungsod na hindi isang kabisera ng rehiyon na nanalo ng kampeonatong tuktok simula nang itatag ang modernong Serie A noong 1929. Nanalo rin sila sa ikalawang antas ng [[Serie B]] sa tatlong pagkakataon.

== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Karagdagang babasahin ==

* {{Cite book |last=Parks |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Parks |title=[[A Season with Verona]]: Travels around Italy in Search of Illusion, National Character and Goals |date=2002 |publisher=Secker &amp; Warburg |isbn=0436275953 |location=London}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website}} {{In lang|it|en}}
* [https://en.legaseriea.it/team/hellas-verona Hellas Verona FC] at [[Serie A]]
* [https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/52301 Hellas Verona FC] at UEFA
* {{Commonscatinline}}
{{Hellas Verona FC}}{{Hellas Verona FC squad}}{{Hellas Verona FC managers}}{{Hellas Verona FC seasons}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B teamlist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241215</id>
      <parentid>2241214</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T09:48:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241215</origin>
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      <text bytes="4554" sha1="fzib08oicttf2jq7kdjewyt3ez19io8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Hellas Verona|current=2026–27 Hellas Verona FC season|image=Hellas Verona FC logo (2020).svg|upright=0.75|caption=|fullname=Hellas Verona Football Club [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Gialloblù'' (The Yellow and Blues) &lt;br /&gt; ''I Mastini'' (The Mastiffs) &lt;br /&gt; ''Gli Scaligeri'' (The [[Scaliger]]s)&lt;br /&gt;''I Butei'' (&quot;The Boys&quot;)|founded={{Start date and age|df=yes|1903}}, as ''Associazione Calcio Hellas''&lt;br&gt; {{Start date and age|df=yes|1991}}, as ''Verona Football Club''|dissolved=|stadium=[[Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi]]|capacity=39,211&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hellasverona.it/stadio.php|publisher=hellasverona.it|title=Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi|access-date=28 May 2013|archive-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129155751/http://www.hellasverona.it/stadio.php|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;|owntitle=|owner=Presidio Investors|chrtitle=President|chairman=[[Italo Zanzi]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|manager=[[Marco Baroni]]|league={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona}}|season={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona2}}|position={{Italian football updater|HellasVerona3}}|website={{Official URL}}|pattern_la1=_verona2627h|pattern_b1=_verona2627h|pattern_ra1=_verona2627h|pattern_sh1=_yellowsides|pattern_so1=_yellowtopl|leftarm1=203664|body1=203664|rightarm1=203664|shorts1=203664|socks1=203664|pattern_la2=_verona2627a|pattern_b2=_verona2627a|pattern_ra2=_verona2627a|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=_verona2627al|leftarm2=ffdc00|body2=ffdc00|rightarm2=ffdc00|shorts2=ffdc00|socks2=ffdc00|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Verona_through_the_ages_2025.jpg|thumb| Ang paglalaro ng Verona sa estruktura ng liga ng futbol ng Italya simula noong unang kapanahunan ng isang pinag-isang Serie A (1929/30).]]
Ang '''Hellas Verona Football Club''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Hellas Verona''' lamang ({{IPA|it|ˈɛllaz veˈroːna|lang}}), ay isang Italyanong propesyonal na [[Talaan ng mga club ng futbol sa Italya|club]] ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Verona]], [[Veneto]]. Ang club ay nakikipagkumpitensiya sa [[Serie B]], kasunod ng pagkahulog mula sa [[Serie A]]. Ang Hellas ay kinoronahang [[Talaan ng mga Italyanong kampeon sa futbol|kampeon ng Italya]] nang isang beses, noong [[1984–85 Serie A|kapanahunang 1984-85]], at ito lamang ang koponan mula sa isang lungsod na hindi isang kabisera ng rehiyon na nanalo ng kampeonatong tuktok simula nang itatag ang modernong Serie A noong 1929. Nanalo rin sila sa ikalawang antas ng [[Serie B]] sa tatlong pagkakataon.

Itinatag noong 1903 bilang '''Associazione Calcio Hellas''', ang club ay isang miyembro ng tagapagtatag ng Serie B noong [[1929–30 Serie B|1929–30]]. Nanalo ang Hellas ng kanilang unang promosyon sa Serie A noong [[1956–57 Serie B|1957]] . Ang dekada '80 ang pinakamatagumpay na panahon sa kasaysayan ng club, kung saan nakarating din ito sa [[List of Coppa Italia finals|pinal ng Coppa Italia]] nang dalawang beses nang magkakasunod (mula sa tatlong kabuuang paglabas) at naglaro ng ilang mga laban sa mga [[Mga kompetisyong UEFA|kompetisyon sa Europa]], kabilang ang isang paglabas sa [[UEFA Champions League|European Cup]] at dalawa sa [[UEFA Europa League|UEFA Cup]].

Ang mga kulay ng Hellas, dilaw at asul, ay batay sa eskudo de armas ng lungsod, na sa katunayan ay ginto at asul. Ang mga palayaw ng koponan ay &quot;ang mga Mastin&quot; at &quot;ang mga Scaligeri&quot;, na tumutukoy sa [[Della Scala|pamilya Della Scala]] na namuno sa Verona sa pagitan ng ika-13 at ika-14 na siglo. Ang eskudo de armas ng Scaligeri ay makikita sa badge ng club bilang isang nakaestilong imahen ng dalawang mastin na nakaharap sa magkabilang direksiyon.

== Mga sanggunian ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Karagdagang babasahin ==

* {{Cite book |last=Parks |first=Tim |author-link=Tim Parks |title=[[A Season with Verona]]: Travels around Italy in Search of Illusion, National Character and Goals |date=2002 |publisher=Secker &amp; Warburg |isbn=0436275953 |location=London}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website}} {{In lang|it|en}}
* [https://en.legaseriea.it/team/hellas-verona Hellas Verona FC] at [[Serie A]]
* [https://www.uefa.com/nationalassociations/teams/52301 Hellas Verona FC] at UEFA
* {{Commonscatinline}}
{{Hellas Verona FC}}{{Hellas Verona FC squad}}{{Hellas Verona FC managers}}{{Hellas Verona FC seasons}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B teamlist}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Calcio Lecco 1912</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340995</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241216</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:08:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1383893428|Calcio Lecco 1912]]&quot;</comment>
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Ang '''Calcio Lecco''', o simpleng '''Lecco''', ay isang club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Lecco]], [[Lombardia]], Italya. Itinatag noong 1912, ang club ay naglalaro sa [[Serie C]] Pangkat A. 

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241217</id>
      <parentid>2241216</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:08:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="1497" sha1="dow620llavyhfemydcikkx6eip3ltog" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lecco|image=Calcio Lecco 1912 crest.svg|upright=0.5|fullname=Calcio Lecco 1912 [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Blucelesti'' (The Navy and Sky Blues)|founded={{start date and age|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2002}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2016}}|ground=[[Stadio Rigamonti-Ceppi]]|capacity=5,508|manager=[[Federico Valente]]|owner=Aniello Aliberti|chairman=Aniello Aliberti|league={{Italian football updater|Lecco}}|season={{Italian football updater|Lecco2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Lecco3}}|website={{URL|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}|pattern_la1=_lecco2324h|pattern_b1=_lecco2324h|pattern_ra1=_lecco2324h|pattern_sh1=_lecco2324h|leftarm1=000080|body1=000080|rightarm1=000080|shorts1=000080|socks1=000080|pattern_b2=_lecco2324a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=_lecco2324a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=_lecco2324a|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|body3=22b14c|pattern_b3=_lecco2122t|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=22b14c|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=22b14c|shorts3=22b14c|socks3=22b14c|current=2024–25 Calcio Lecco 1912 season}}Ang '''Calcio Lecco''', o simpleng '''Lecco''', ay isang club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Lecco]], [[Lombardia]], Italya. Itinatag noong 1912, ang club ay naglalaro sa [[Serie C]] Pangkat A. 

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>dow620llavyhfemydcikkx6eip3ltog</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241218</id>
      <parentid>2241217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:09:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241218</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1794" sha1="9i2gujvxubh40xtu8b5zk8nxzon4zls" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lecco|image=Calcio Lecco 1912 crest.svg|upright=0.5|fullname=Calcio Lecco 1912 [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Blucelesti'' (The Navy and Sky Blues)|founded={{start date and age|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2002}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2016}}|ground=[[Stadio Rigamonti-Ceppi]]|capacity=5,508|manager=[[Federico Valente]]|owner=Aniello Aliberti|chairman=Aniello Aliberti|league={{Italian football updater|Lecco}}|season={{Italian football updater|Lecco2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Lecco3}}|website={{URL|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}|pattern_la1=_lecco2324h|pattern_b1=_lecco2324h|pattern_ra1=_lecco2324h|pattern_sh1=_lecco2324h|leftarm1=000080|body1=000080|rightarm1=000080|shorts1=000080|socks1=000080|pattern_b2=_lecco2324a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=_lecco2324a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=_lecco2324a|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|body3=22b14c|pattern_b3=_lecco2122t|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=22b14c|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=22b14c|shorts3=22b14c|socks3=22b14c|current=2024–25 Calcio Lecco 1912 season}}Ang '''Calcio Lecco''', o simpleng '''Lecco''', ay isang club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Lecco]], [[Lombardia]], Italya. Itinatag noong 1912, ang club ay naglalaro sa [[Serie C]] Pangkat A. 

Ang Lecco ay nakapaglaro na sa tatlong torneo ng [[Serie A]] (ang huli ay noong kapanahunang [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]] ) at labindalawa sa [[Serie B|Serie B.]] Ang club ay nanalo ng isang [[Coppa Italia Semiprofessionisti]] sa loob ng bansa, at isang [[Anglo-Italian Cup]] sa buong mundo. 

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241219</id>
      <parentid>2241218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:11:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241219</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4139" sha1="thxr43elybgdmk8t48ifdfb4ha3hs5u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lecco|image=Calcio Lecco 1912 crest.svg|upright=0.5|fullname=Calcio Lecco 1912 [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Blucelesti'' (The Navy and Sky Blues)|founded={{start date and age|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2002}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2016}}|ground=[[Stadio Rigamonti-Ceppi]]|capacity=5,508|manager=[[Federico Valente]]|owner=Aniello Aliberti|chairman=Aniello Aliberti|league={{Italian football updater|Lecco}}|season={{Italian football updater|Lecco2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Lecco3}}|website={{URL|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}|pattern_la1=_lecco2324h|pattern_b1=_lecco2324h|pattern_ra1=_lecco2324h|pattern_sh1=_lecco2324h|leftarm1=000080|body1=000080|rightarm1=000080|shorts1=000080|socks1=000080|pattern_b2=_lecco2324a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=_lecco2324a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=_lecco2324a|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|body3=22b14c|pattern_b3=_lecco2122t|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=22b14c|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=22b14c|shorts3=22b14c|socks3=22b14c|current=2024–25 Calcio Lecco 1912 season}}Ang '''Calcio Lecco''', o simpleng '''Lecco''', ay isang club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Lecco]], [[Lombardia]], Italya. Itinatag noong 1912, ang club ay naglalaro sa [[Serie C]] Pangkat A. 

Ang Lecco ay nakapaglaro na sa tatlong torneo ng [[Serie A]] (ang huli ay noong kapanahunang [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]] ) at labindalawa sa [[Serie B|Serie B.]] Ang club ay nanalo ng isang [[Coppa Italia Semiprofessionisti]] sa loob ng bansa, at isang [[Anglo-Italian Cup]] sa buong mundo. 

== Kasaysayan ==

=== Maagang kasaysayan (1912–1931) ===
Noong Disyembre 22, 1912, sa ideya ng board member na si Vico Signorelli, Società Canottieri Lecco (itinatag noong 27 Setyembre 1895 sa Caffè del Teatro Sociale) ay nagtayo ng sarili nitong seksiyon ng football. Asul at mapusyaw na asul ang mga kulay ng club, na kinuha mula sa makasaysayang uniporme ng Canottieri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Borghese |first=Annalisa |title=Il territorio lariano e i suoi comuni |publisher=Editoriale del Drago |year=1992 |volume=25 |location=Milan |pages=391 |language=it |chapter=Il territorio lariano dalla preistoria ai nostri giorni – L'Ottocento}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang unang punong-himpilan ay itinatag sa Kalye Francesco Nullo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Storia e vicissitudini della Calcio Lecco 1912 |url=https://www.leccochannelnews.it/team/calcio-lecco-1912-storia/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=leccochannelnews.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagkapangulong Di Nunno (2017–kasalukuyan) ===
Noong Hunyo 9, 2017, binili ni Paolo Di Nunno ang club sa isang subasta, na naging Calcio Lecco noong 1912.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2017 |title=Calcio Lecco, Paolo Di Nunno è il nuovo proprietario |url=http://www.lecconotizie.com/attualita/calcio-lecco-paolo-di-nunno-e-il-nuovo-proprietario-388675/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710090144/http://www.lecconotizie.com/attualita/calcio-lecco-paolo-di-nunno-e-il-nuovo-proprietario-388675/ |archive-date=10 July 2017 |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=lecconotizie.com |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong kapanahunang [[2022–23 Serie C]], natapos ang Lecco sa ikatlong pwesto at nakapasok sa pambansang round ng promotion play-offs. Matapos talunin ang [[AC Ancona|Ancona]], [[Pordenone Calcio|Pordenone]], at [[Cesena FC|Cesena]], nakapasok ang Lecco sa finals laban sa [[Calcio Foggia 1920|Foggia]], na kanilang tinalo sa iskor na 5-2 sa kabuuan salamat sa tatlong goal ni [[Franco Lepore]]. Kaya naman naiangat sila sa Serie B sa unang pagkakataon sa loob ng 50 taon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2023 |title=Il Lecco corona il suo sogno: torna in Serie B dopo 50 anni |url=https://www.goal.com/it/liste/lecco-in-serie-b-dopo-50-anni-da-quanto-foggia-finale-playoff/blt7af4672036c776f4 |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=Goal.com Italia |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241220</id>
      <parentid>2241219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:11:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Kasaysayan */</comment>
      <origin>2241220</origin>
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      <text bytes="4140" sha1="ggoili8popp1n3m8uggm0r6uusxn6bk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lecco|image=Calcio Lecco 1912 crest.svg|upright=0.5|fullname=Calcio Lecco 1912 [[Società per azioni|S.p.A.]]|nickname=''I Blucelesti'' (The Navy and Sky Blues)|founded={{start date and age|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2002}}&lt;br /&gt;{{Start date and age|2016}}|ground=[[Stadio Rigamonti-Ceppi]]|capacity=5,508|manager=[[Federico Valente]]|owner=Aniello Aliberti|chairman=Aniello Aliberti|league={{Italian football updater|Lecco}}|season={{Italian football updater|Lecco2}}|position={{Italian football updater|Lecco3}}|website={{URL|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}|pattern_la1=_lecco2324h|pattern_b1=_lecco2324h|pattern_ra1=_lecco2324h|pattern_sh1=_lecco2324h|leftarm1=000080|body1=000080|rightarm1=000080|shorts1=000080|socks1=000080|pattern_b2=_lecco2324a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=_lecco2324a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=_lecco2324a|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|body3=22b14c|pattern_b3=_lecco2122t|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=22b14c|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=22b14c|shorts3=22b14c|socks3=22b14c|current=2024–25 Calcio Lecco 1912 season}}Ang '''Calcio Lecco''', o simpleng '''Lecco''', ay isang club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Lecco]], [[Lombardia]], Italya. Itinatag noong 1912, ang club ay naglalaro sa [[Serie C]] Pangkat A. 

Ang Lecco ay nakapaglaro na sa tatlong torneo ng [[Serie A]] (ang huli ay noong kapanahunang [[1966–67 Serie A|1966–67]] ) at labindalawa sa [[Serie B|Serie B.]] Ang club ay nanalo ng isang [[Coppa Italia Semiprofessionisti]] sa loob ng bansa, at isang [[Anglo-Italian Cup]] sa buong mundo. 

== Kasaysayan ==

=== Maagang kasaysayan (1912–1931) ===
Noong Disyembre 22, 1912, sa ideya ng board member na si Vico Signorelli, Società Canottieri Lecco (itinatag noong Setyembre 27, 1895 sa Caffè del Teatro Sociale) ay nagtayo ng sarili nitong seksiyon ng football. Asul at mapusyaw na asul ang mga kulay ng club, na kinuha mula sa makasaysayang uniporme ng Canottieri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Borghese |first=Annalisa |title=Il territorio lariano e i suoi comuni |publisher=Editoriale del Drago |year=1992 |volume=25 |location=Milan |pages=391 |language=it |chapter=Il territorio lariano dalla preistoria ai nostri giorni – L'Ottocento}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang unang punong-himpilan ay itinatag sa Kalye Francesco Nullo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Storia e vicissitudini della Calcio Lecco 1912 |url=https://www.leccochannelnews.it/team/calcio-lecco-1912-storia/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=leccochannelnews.it |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pagkapangulong Di Nunno (2017–kasalukuyan) ===
Noong Hunyo 9, 2017, binili ni Paolo Di Nunno ang club sa isang subasta, na naging Calcio Lecco noong 1912.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 June 2017 |title=Calcio Lecco, Paolo Di Nunno è il nuovo proprietario |url=http://www.lecconotizie.com/attualita/calcio-lecco-paolo-di-nunno-e-il-nuovo-proprietario-388675/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710090144/http://www.lecconotizie.com/attualita/calcio-lecco-paolo-di-nunno-e-il-nuovo-proprietario-388675/ |archive-date=10 July 2017 |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=lecconotizie.com |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Noong kapanahunang [[2022–23 Serie C]], natapos ang Lecco sa ikatlong pwesto at nakapasok sa pambansang round ng promotion play-offs. Matapos talunin ang [[AC Ancona|Ancona]], [[Pordenone Calcio|Pordenone]], at [[Cesena FC|Cesena]], nakapasok ang Lecco sa finals laban sa [[Calcio Foggia 1920|Foggia]], na kanilang tinalo sa iskor na 5-2 sa kabuuan salamat sa tatlong goal ni [[Franco Lepore]]. Kaya naman naiangat sila sa Serie B sa unang pagkakataon sa loob ng 50 taon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2023 |title=Il Lecco corona il suo sogno: torna in Serie B dopo 50 anni |url=https://www.goal.com/it/liste/lecco-in-serie-b-dopo-50-anni-da-quanto-foggia-finale-playoff/blt7af4672036c776f4 |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=Goal.com Italia |language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|http://www.calciolecco1912.com/}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Football in Italy}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>AC Legnano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340996</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241222</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:22:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1382163251|AC Legnano]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241222</origin>
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Ang '''Associazione Calcio Dilettantistica Legnano''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Legnano''', ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Legnano]], [[Lombardia]]. Itinatag noong 1913, si Legnano ay naglaro ng tatlong season sa Serie A at sa kabuuang labing-isang kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{In lang|it}} {{Official website|http://www.aclegnano.com/}}
* {{In lang|it}} [https://www.statistichelilla.it/ Statistiche lilla]
{{AC Legnano}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}{{Original Italian Serie B clubs}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241223</id>
      <parentid>2241222</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:23:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241223</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2013" sha1="t1e5i1wvonzfcroovylkx2c7nqmid8y" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Legnano|image=Logo AC Legnano.svg|image_size=150|fullname=Associazione Calcio Dilettantistica Legnano [[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]]|nickname=''I Lilla'' (The Lilacs)|founded=1913&lt;br/&gt;2011 (refounded)|ground=[[Stadio Giovanni Mari]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Legnano]], [[Milan]], [[Italy]]|capacity=5,000|chairman=[[Enea Benedetto]]|manager=Gianluca Zattarin|league=[[Eccellenza Lombardia]]|season=[[2022–23 Serie D|2022–23]]|position=Serie D Group A, 6th of 20|website=https://aclegnano.it/|pattern_b1=_legnano1920h|body1=|pattern_la1=_legnano1920h|leftarm1=D4AAFF|pattern_ra1=_legnano1920h|rightarm1=D4AAFF|pattern_sh1=_legnano1718h|shorts1=|pattern_so1=|socks1=|pattern_b2=_legnano1920a|body2=|pattern_la2=_legnano1920a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_legnano1920a|rightarm2=|pattern_sh2=_legnano1920a|shorts2=|pattern_so2=|socks2=0e0e0e|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Dilettantistica Legnano''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Legnano''', ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Legnano]], [[Lombardia]]. Itinatag noong 1913, si Legnano ay naglaro ng tatlong season sa Serie A at sa kabuuang labing-isang kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya.

Ang pinakahuling paglabas ni Legnano sa Serie A ay noong 1954, samantalang noong 1957 ang huling pagkakataon na lumahok ang club– hanggang sa kasalukuyan– sa isang kampeonato ng Serie B (ang pangalawang baitang ng futbol ng Italya). Simula noon, ang club ay naglaro sa pinakamataas na antas sa ikatlong antas ng liga ng Italya.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{In lang|it}} {{Official website|http://www.aclegnano.com/}}
* {{In lang|it}} [https://www.statistichelilla.it/ Statistiche lilla]
{{AC Legnano}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}{{Original Italian Serie B clubs}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>t1e5i1wvonzfcroovylkx2c7nqmid8y</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241224</id>
      <parentid>2241223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:23:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241224</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2661" sha1="o4cdo2sjxy54g88og13iyldkffcx5t8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Legnano|image=Logo AC Legnano.svg|image_size=150|fullname=Associazione Calcio Dilettantistica Legnano [[Società a responsabilità limitata|S.r.l.]]|nickname=''I Lilla'' (The Lilacs)|founded=1913&lt;br/&gt;2011 (refounded)|ground=[[Stadio Giovanni Mari]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Legnano]], [[Milan]], [[Italy]]|capacity=5,000|chairman=[[Enea Benedetto]]|manager=Gianluca Zattarin|league=[[Eccellenza Lombardia]]|season=[[2022–23 Serie D|2022–23]]|position=Serie D Group A, 6th of 20|website=https://aclegnano.it/|pattern_b1=_legnano1920h|body1=|pattern_la1=_legnano1920h|leftarm1=D4AAFF|pattern_ra1=_legnano1920h|rightarm1=D4AAFF|pattern_sh1=_legnano1718h|shorts1=|pattern_so1=|socks1=|pattern_b2=_legnano1920a|body2=|pattern_la2=_legnano1920a|leftarm2=000000|pattern_ra2=_legnano1920a|rightarm2=|pattern_sh2=_legnano1920a|shorts2=|pattern_so2=|socks2=0e0e0e|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}Ang '''Associazione Calcio Dilettantistica Legnano''', karaniwang tinutukoy bilang '''Legnano''', ay isang club ng [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Legnano]], [[Lombardia]]. Itinatag noong 1913, si Legnano ay naglaro ng tatlong season sa [[Serie A]] at sa kabuuang labing-isang kapanahunan sa pinakamataas na antas ng sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya.

Ang pinakahuling paglabas ni Legnano sa Serie A ay noong 1954, samantalang noong 1957 ang huling pagkakataon na lumahok ang club– hanggang sa kasalukuyan– sa isang kampeonato ng [[Serie B]] (ang pangalawang baitang ng futbol ng Italya). Simula noon, ang club ay naglaro sa pinakamataas na antas sa ikatlong antas ng liga ng Italya.

Lila at puti ang mga kulay ng koponan. Matapos ang mga problema sa pananalapi at pagkabangkarote noong 2010, ang club ay nagsara at nagbago noong 2011 bilang ASD Legnano Calcio 1913; noong 2015, nabawi nila ang karapatang pangalanan ang kanilang sarili na ACD Legnano Calcio at pagsamahin ang kanilang kasaysayan sa kasaysayan ng 97-taong-gulang na club na dating nagsara.&lt;ref&gt;{{in lang|it}} [http://www.aclegnano.com/Ripreso-simbolo-e-nome-AC-LEGNANO.htm Ripreso simbolo e nome AC LEGNANO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704152103/http://www.aclegnano.com/Ripreso-simbolo-e-nome-AC-LEGNANO.htm|date=4 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{In lang|it}} {{Official website|http://www.aclegnano.com/}}
* {{In lang|it}} [https://www.statistichelilla.it/ Statistiche lilla]
{{AC Legnano}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}{{Original Italian Serie B clubs}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>US Livorno 1915</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>340997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2241226</id>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:40:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1383736673|US Livorno 1915]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>2241226</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
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Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241227</id>
      <parentid>2241226</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:41:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241227</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1154" sha1="4g2gm4me6n3luyjgc0cxuhp37yml1aj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241228</id>
      <parentid>2241227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:42:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241228</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1912" sha1="kpwm7vc8qgpmgyepvvzcmhi6gax07aa" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

Ang Livorno ay isa sa mga orihinal na koponan ng [[Serie A]], ang nangungunang liga ng futbol ng Italya, ngunit [[Yo-yo club|pitong beses na narelega]] mula sa nangungunang liga at sumailalim sa dalawang muling pagtatayo ng club noong 1991 at 2021, na nangailangan ng pag-angat mula sa mga rehiyonal na liga ng [[Eccellenza]]. Ang pinakamahabang panahon nila sa pinakatuktok na dibisyon ay mula 1940 hanggang 1949 (na umaabot sa pitong kapanahunan) at mula 2004 hanggang 2008. Ang ''amaranto'' ay nanalo ng [[Serie B]] sa dalawang pagkakataon, ang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]] at [[Lega Pro Seconda Divisione]] isang beses bawat isa, at ang [[Supercoppa di Serie C]] minsan din. Naglalaro si Livorno ng kanilang mga home match sa [[Stadio Armando Picchi]].

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241229</id>
      <parentid>2241228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:42:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241229</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3292" sha1="hnsgsfixrpf4rup7n15bopw65dyy9my" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Livorno|image=Livorno-Stemma semplificato.svg|image_size=160px|fullname=Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://toscana.lnd.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CU-11-DEL-26-08-21-1.pdf |publisher=Lega Nazionale Dilettanti Toscana |title=Comunicato Ufficiale n. 11 del 26/08/2021 |date=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|nickname={{lang|it|Gli Amaranto}} ({{Translation|The Dark Reds}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|I Labronici}} ({{Translation|The Lighbourners}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|Le Triglie}} ({{Translation|The Mullets}})|founded={{start date and age|1915}}|stadium=[[Stadio Armando Picchi|Armando Picchi]]|capacity=14,267|chairman=Joel Esciua|chrtitle=President|manager=[[Cristiano Lucarelli]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Livorno}}|season=[[2025-26 Serie C|2025-26]]|position=[[Serie C]] Group B, 11th of 20|website={{URL|uslivorno.com}}|current=2026-27 US Livorno 1915 season|pattern_b1=_trapani 2023-2024 h|body1=8d0000|pattern_la1=|leftarm1=8d0000|pattern_ra1=|rightarm1=8d0000|pattern_sh1=_macronlogowhite|shorts1=000000|pattern_so1=|socks1=000000|pattern_b2=_trapani 2023-2024 a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=|rightarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_sh2=_macronlogoblack|shorts2=FFFFFF|pattern_so2=|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

Ang Livorno ay isa sa mga orihinal na koponan ng [[Serie A]], ang nangungunang liga ng futbol ng Italya, ngunit [[Yo-yo club|pitong beses na narelega]] mula sa nangungunang liga at sumailalim sa dalawang muling pagtatayo ng club noong 1991 at 2021, na nangailangan ng pag-angat mula sa mga rehiyonal na liga ng [[Eccellenza]]. Ang pinakamahabang panahon nila sa pinakatuktok na dibisyon ay mula 1940 hanggang 1949 (na umaabot sa pitong kapanahunan) at mula 2004 hanggang 2008. Ang ''amaranto'' ay nanalo ng [[Serie B]] sa dalawang pagkakataon, ang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]] at [[Lega Pro Seconda Divisione]] isang beses bawat isa, at ang [[Supercoppa di Serie C]] minsan din. Naglalaro si Livorno ng kanilang mga home match sa [[Stadio Armando Picchi]].

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241230</id>
      <parentid>2241229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:47:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>2241230</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6629" sha1="p6yydldu83ztpt8tu4ou05mjhqcbd5l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Livorno|image=Livorno-Stemma semplificato.svg|image_size=160px|fullname=Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://toscana.lnd.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CU-11-DEL-26-08-21-1.pdf |publisher=Lega Nazionale Dilettanti Toscana |title=Comunicato Ufficiale n. 11 del 26/08/2021 |date=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|nickname={{lang|it|Gli Amaranto}} ({{Translation|The Dark Reds}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|I Labronici}} ({{Translation|The Lighbourners}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|Le Triglie}} ({{Translation|The Mullets}})|founded={{start date and age|1915}}|stadium=[[Stadio Armando Picchi|Armando Picchi]]|capacity=14,267|chairman=Joel Esciua|chrtitle=President|manager=[[Cristiano Lucarelli]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Livorno}}|season=[[2025-26 Serie C|2025-26]]|position=[[Serie C]] Group B, 11th of 20|website={{URL|uslivorno.com}}|current=2026-27 US Livorno 1915 season|pattern_b1=_trapani 2023-2024 h|body1=8d0000|pattern_la1=|leftarm1=8d0000|pattern_ra1=|rightarm1=8d0000|pattern_sh1=_macronlogowhite|shorts1=000000|pattern_so1=|socks1=000000|pattern_b2=_trapani 2023-2024 a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=|rightarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_sh2=_macronlogoblack|shorts2=FFFFFF|pattern_so2=|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

Ang Livorno ay isa sa mga orihinal na koponan ng [[Serie A]], ang nangungunang liga ng futbol ng Italya, ngunit [[Yo-yo club|pitong beses na narelega]] mula sa nangungunang liga at sumailalim sa dalawang muling pagtatayo ng club noong 1991 at 2021, na nangailangan ng pag-angat mula sa mga rehiyonal na liga ng [[Eccellenza]]. Ang pinakamahabang panahon nila sa pinakatuktok na dibisyon ay mula 1940 hanggang 1949 (na umaabot sa pitong kapanahunan) at mula 2004 hanggang 2008. Ang ''amaranto'' ay nanalo ng [[Serie B]] sa dalawang pagkakataon, ang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]] at [[Lega Pro Seconda Divisione]] isang beses bawat isa, at ang [[Supercoppa di Serie C]] minsan din. Naglalaro si Livorno ng kanilang mga home match sa [[Stadio Armando Picchi]].

== Pagkakakilanlan at mga tagasuporta ng club ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;Walang lupon ng mga tagasuporta ng Serie A club ang mas matapang na nagpapakita ng kanilang katapatan sa politika kaysa Livorno, na ang mga tagasuporta ay malakas na kumikiling sa kaliwa, dahil ang lungsod ng Livorno ang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]].

''—[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/livorno-fans-see-red-all-the-time-1.532087/ Livorno Fans see Red&amp;nbsp;– all the Time] by Ian Hawkey, ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Kilala ang mga tagasuporta ng Livorno sa kanilang [[makakaliwang politika]]. Ang pinagmulan ng kaugnayan ng club sa politikang kaliwa ay maaaring masubaybayan sa Livorno bilang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]] noong 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ipinakita ito ng ultras group ng Livorno na Brigate Autonome Livornesi (BAL), na itinatag noong 1999. Ipinagdiwang ng BAL ang mga pangyayari tulad ng kaarawan ni [[Joseph Stalin]] sa mga puwesto at nagpahayag ng suporta para sa mga layunin ng uring manggagawa, laban sa pasismo, at laban sa kapitalismo. Ang BAL ay nasangkot sa mga komprontasyon sa mga tagahanga ng Milan at nagbigay ng mga kritikal na komento tungkol kay [[Silvio Berlusconi]], na nagresulta sa maraming utos ng pagbabawal. Naiulat na ang pinuno ng BAL, ang dating boksingero na si Lenny Bottai, ay nag-iisang umatake sa mga tagahanga ng Sampdoria. Nabuwag ang BAL noong 2003 kasunod ng patuloy na pagbabawal sa mga miyembro nito.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot; /&gt;

Ang pinakakilalang manlalaro ng Lavorno, na isa ring isang dedikadong Komunista, si [[Cristiano Lucarelli]], ay may malapit na kaugnayan sa pagkakakilanlang pampolitika ng club. Lumaki sa isang proyektong pabahay sa Livorno, naglaro siya para sa ilang mga club bago bumalik sa koponan ng kaniyang bayan. Noong 1997, sa isang laban ng Italya under-21 sa estadyo ng Livorno, ipinakita niya ang isang t-shirt ni [[Che Guevara]] matapos makaiskor, na humantong sa kaniyang pagkakahiwalay sa senior national team sa loob ng maraming taon. Kalaunan ay sumali si Lucarelli sa Livorno, at binawasan nang malaki ang kaniyang suweldo para makapaglaro para sa club na kaniyang sinuportahan. Pinili niya ang jersey na No. 99 upang parangalan ang taon kung kailan itinatag ang makakaliwang grupo ng ultra group na Brigate Autonome Livornesi. Ang kaniyang pagganap ay nakatulong sa Livorno na maiangat sa Serie A, at siya ang naging top scorer ng liga nang sumunod na season. Sa kabila ng naunang pagkakatanggal, si Lucarelli ay nakakuha ng anim na senior caps para sa Italy, kung saan nakaiskor siya ng tatlong goal. Tumulong si Lucarelli na palakasin ang kaliwang pagkakakilanlan ng Livorno.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20202&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241231</id>
      <parentid>2241230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:50:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pagkakakilanlan at mga tagasuporta ng club */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7645" sha1="09l7j95450fg2odhfu0cmy29f7627et" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Livorno|image=Livorno-Stemma semplificato.svg|image_size=160px|fullname=Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://toscana.lnd.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CU-11-DEL-26-08-21-1.pdf |publisher=Lega Nazionale Dilettanti Toscana |title=Comunicato Ufficiale n. 11 del 26/08/2021 |date=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|nickname={{lang|it|Gli Amaranto}} ({{Translation|The Dark Reds}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|I Labronici}} ({{Translation|The Lighbourners}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|Le Triglie}} ({{Translation|The Mullets}})|founded={{start date and age|1915}}|stadium=[[Stadio Armando Picchi|Armando Picchi]]|capacity=14,267|chairman=Joel Esciua|chrtitle=President|manager=[[Cristiano Lucarelli]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Livorno}}|season=[[2025-26 Serie C|2025-26]]|position=[[Serie C]] Group B, 11th of 20|website={{URL|uslivorno.com}}|current=2026-27 US Livorno 1915 season|pattern_b1=_trapani 2023-2024 h|body1=8d0000|pattern_la1=|leftarm1=8d0000|pattern_ra1=|rightarm1=8d0000|pattern_sh1=_macronlogowhite|shorts1=000000|pattern_so1=|socks1=000000|pattern_b2=_trapani 2023-2024 a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=|rightarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_sh2=_macronlogoblack|shorts2=FFFFFF|pattern_so2=|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

Ang Livorno ay isa sa mga orihinal na koponan ng [[Serie A]], ang nangungunang liga ng futbol ng Italya, ngunit [[Yo-yo club|pitong beses na narelega]] mula sa nangungunang liga at sumailalim sa dalawang muling pagtatayo ng club noong 1991 at 2021, na nangailangan ng pag-angat mula sa mga rehiyonal na liga ng [[Eccellenza]]. Ang pinakamahabang panahon nila sa pinakatuktok na dibisyon ay mula 1940 hanggang 1949 (na umaabot sa pitong kapanahunan) at mula 2004 hanggang 2008. Ang ''amaranto'' ay nanalo ng [[Serie B]] sa dalawang pagkakataon, ang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]] at [[Lega Pro Seconda Divisione]] isang beses bawat isa, at ang [[Supercoppa di Serie C]] minsan din. Naglalaro si Livorno ng kanilang mga home match sa [[Stadio Armando Picchi]].

== Pagkakakilanlan at mga tagasuporta ng club ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;Walang lupon ng mga tagasuporta ng Serie A club ang mas matapang na nagpapakita ng kanilang katapatan sa politika kaysa Livorno, na ang mga tagasuporta ay malakas na kumikiling sa kaliwa, dahil ang lungsod ng Livorno ang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]].

''—[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/livorno-fans-see-red-all-the-time-1.532087/ Livorno Fans see Red&amp;nbsp;– all the Time] by Ian Hawkey, ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Kilala ang mga tagasuporta ng Livorno sa kanilang [[makakaliwang politika]]. Ang pinagmulan ng kaugnayan ng club sa politikang kaliwa ay maaaring masubaybayan sa Livorno bilang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]] noong 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ipinakita ito ng ultras group ng Livorno na Brigate Autonome Livornesi (BAL), na itinatag noong 1999. Ipinagdiwang ng BAL ang mga pangyayari tulad ng kaarawan ni [[Joseph Stalin]] sa mga puwesto at nagpahayag ng suporta para sa mga layunin ng uring manggagawa, laban sa pasismo, at laban sa kapitalismo. Ang BAL ay nasangkot sa mga komprontasyon sa mga tagahanga ng Milan at nagbigay ng mga kritikal na komento tungkol kay [[Silvio Berlusconi]], na nagresulta sa maraming utos ng pagbabawal. Naiulat na ang pinuno ng BAL, ang dating boksingero na si Lenny Bottai, ay nag-iisang umatake sa mga tagahanga ng Sampdoria. Nabuwag ang BAL noong 2003 kasunod ng patuloy na pagbabawal sa mga miyembro nito.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot; /&gt;

Ang pinakakilalang manlalaro ng Lavorno, na isa ring isang dedikadong Komunista, si [[Cristiano Lucarelli]], ay may malapit na kaugnayan sa pagkakakilanlang pampolitika ng club. Lumaki sa isang proyektong pabahay sa Livorno, naglaro siya para sa ilang mga club bago bumalik sa koponan ng kaniyang bayan. Noong 1997, sa isang laban ng Italya under-21 sa estadyo ng Livorno, ipinakita niya ang isang t-shirt ni [[Che Guevara]] matapos makaiskor, na humantong sa kaniyang pagkakahiwalay sa senior national team sa loob ng maraming taon. Kalaunan ay sumali si Lucarelli sa Livorno, at binawasan nang malaki ang kaniyang suweldo para makapaglaro para sa club na kaniyang sinuportahan. Pinili niya ang jersey na No. 99 upang parangalan ang taon kung kailan itinatag ang makakaliwang grupo ng ultra group na Brigate Autonome Livornesi. Ang kaniyang pagganap ay nakatulong sa Livorno na maiangat sa Serie A, at siya ang naging top scorer ng liga nang sumunod na season. Sa kabila ng naunang pagkakatanggal, si Lucarelli ay nakakuha ng anim na senior caps para sa Italy, kung saan nakaiskor siya ng tatlong goal. Tumulong si Lucarelli na palakasin ang kaliwang pagkakakilanlan ng Livorno.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20202&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mula noong 2005, isang grupo ng mga migranteng tagasuporta ng Livorno na naninirahan sa hilagang Europa ang nagpakilala sa kanilang sarili bilang {{Lang|it|Partigiani Livornesi Scandinavia}} ({{Translation|mga partisanong Livornes ng Escandinavia}}). Isang tinatawag na &quot;tatsulok ng kapatiran&quot; ang nabuo sa pagitan ng mga makakaliwang fan club na pinakamatinding sinusuportahan ng [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]], Livorno, at [[AEK Athens FC|AEK Athens]], lalo na sa pagitan ng [[Commando Ultras 84]], [[Brigate Autonome Livornesi 99]], at [[Original 21]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20203&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang kanilang ugnayan ay kadalasang ideolohiko. Mayroon din silang koneksiyon sa [[Adana Demirspor]] (Şimşekler) at [[Celtic FC|Celtic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20203&quot; /&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
      <sha1>09l7j95450fg2odhfu0cmy29f7627et</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2241232</id>
      <parentid>2241231</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-11-09T10:50:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="8457" sha1="ox5h76y3w32ib3oe67tmnzfzn1ep0eu" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Livorno|image=Livorno-Stemma semplificato.svg|image_size=160px|fullname=Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://toscana.lnd.it/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CU-11-DEL-26-08-21-1.pdf |publisher=Lega Nazionale Dilettanti Toscana |title=Comunicato Ufficiale n. 11 del 26/08/2021 |date=26 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;|nickname={{lang|it|Gli Amaranto}} ({{Translation|The Dark Reds}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|I Labronici}} ({{Translation|The Lighbourners}})&lt;br/&gt;{{lang|it|Le Triglie}} ({{Translation|The Mullets}})|founded={{start date and age|1915}}|stadium=[[Stadio Armando Picchi|Armando Picchi]]|capacity=14,267|chairman=Joel Esciua|chrtitle=President|manager=[[Cristiano Lucarelli]]|mgrtitle=Head coach|league={{Italian football updater|Livorno}}|season=[[2025-26 Serie C|2025-26]]|position=[[Serie C]] Group B, 11th of 20|website={{URL|uslivorno.com}}|current=2026-27 US Livorno 1915 season|pattern_b1=_trapani 2023-2024 h|body1=8d0000|pattern_la1=|leftarm1=8d0000|pattern_ra1=|rightarm1=8d0000|pattern_sh1=_macronlogowhite|shorts1=000000|pattern_so1=|socks1=000000|pattern_b2=_trapani 2023-2024 a|body2=FFFFFF|pattern_la2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_ra2=|rightarm2=FFFFFF|pattern_sh2=_macronlogoblack|shorts2=FFFFFF|pattern_so2=|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_b3=|body3=|pattern_la3=|leftarm3=|pattern_ra3=|rightarm3=|pattern_sh3=|shorts3=|pattern_so3=|socks3=}}[[File:Livorno_since_1930.jpg|thumb|Ang pag-unlad ng Livorno sa estruktura ng liga ng football ng Italyano simula noong unang season ng nagkakaisang Serie A (1929/30). Ang grapiko ay naglalarawan lamang ng apat na matataas na baitang, kaya naman ang butas ay noong unang bahagi ng dekada '90.]]
Ang '''Unione Sportiva Livorno 1915''' (dating '''AS Livorno Calcio,''' karaniwang kilala bilang '''Livorno'''), ay isang propesyonal na club ng [[futbol]] na nakabase sa [[Livorno]], [[Toscana]], Italya. Nakikipagkumpitensiya sila sa [[Serie C]], ang ikatlong baitang ng [[Sistema ng ligang futbol ng Italya|sistema ng liga ng futbol ng Italya]]. Ang kulay ng koponan ay maitim na pula ({{Lang|it|amaranto}} sa Italyano, kung saan nagmula ang palayaw ng koponan).

Ang Livorno ay isa sa mga orihinal na koponan ng [[Serie A]], ang nangungunang liga ng futbol ng Italya, ngunit [[Yo-yo club|pitong beses na narelega]] mula sa nangungunang liga at sumailalim sa dalawang muling pagtatayo ng club noong 1991 at 2021, na nangailangan ng pag-angat mula sa mga rehiyonal na liga ng [[Eccellenza]]. Ang pinakamahabang panahon nila sa pinakatuktok na dibisyon ay mula 1940 hanggang 1949 (na umaabot sa pitong kapanahunan) at mula 2004 hanggang 2008. Ang ''amaranto'' ay nanalo ng [[Serie B]] sa dalawang pagkakataon, ang [[Lega Pro Prima Divisione]] at [[Lega Pro Seconda Divisione]] isang beses bawat isa, at ang [[Supercoppa di Serie C]] minsan din. Naglalaro si Livorno ng kanilang mga home match sa [[Stadio Armando Picchi]].

== Pagkakakilanlan at mga tagasuporta ng club ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;Walang lupon ng mga tagasuporta ng Serie A club ang mas matapang na nagpapakita ng kanilang katapatan sa politika kaysa Livorno, na ang mga tagasuporta ay malakas na kumikiling sa kaliwa, dahil ang lungsod ng Livorno ang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]].

''—[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/livorno-fans-see-red-all-the-time-1.532087/ Livorno Fans see Red&amp;nbsp;– all the Time] by Ian Hawkey, ''[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]'', 5 February 2010&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;Kilala ang mga tagasuporta ng Livorno sa kanilang [[makakaliwang politika]]. Ang pinagmulan ng kaugnayan ng club sa politikang kaliwa ay maaaring masubaybayan sa Livorno bilang lugar ng kapanganakan ng [[Partido Komunista ng Italya]] noong 1921.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ipinakita ito ng ultras group ng Livorno na Brigate Autonome Livornesi (BAL), na itinatag noong 1999. Ipinagdiwang ng BAL ang mga pangyayari tulad ng kaarawan ni [[Joseph Stalin]] sa mga puwesto at nagpahayag ng suporta para sa mga layunin ng uring manggagawa, laban sa pasismo, at laban sa kapitalismo. Ang BAL ay nasangkot sa mga komprontasyon sa mga tagahanga ng Milan at nagbigay ng mga kritikal na komento tungkol kay [[Silvio Berlusconi]], na nagresulta sa maraming utos ng pagbabawal. Naiulat na ang pinuno ng BAL, ang dating boksingero na si Lenny Bottai, ay nag-iisang umatake sa mga tagahanga ng Sampdoria. Nabuwag ang BAL noong 2003 kasunod ng patuloy na pagbabawal sa mga miyembro nito.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 2020&quot; /&gt;

Ang pinakakilalang manlalaro ng Lavorno, na isa ring isang dedikadong Komunista, si [[Cristiano Lucarelli]], ay may malapit na kaugnayan sa pagkakakilanlang pampolitika ng club. Lumaki sa isang proyektong pabahay sa Livorno, naglaro siya para sa ilang mga club bago bumalik sa koponan ng kaniyang bayan. Noong 1997, sa isang laban ng Italya under-21 sa estadyo ng Livorno, ipinakita niya ang isang t-shirt ni [[Che Guevara]] matapos makaiskor, na humantong sa kaniyang pagkakahiwalay sa senior national team sa loob ng maraming taon. Kalaunan ay sumali si Lucarelli sa Livorno, at binawasan nang malaki ang kaniyang suweldo para makapaglaro para sa club na kaniyang sinuportahan. Pinili niya ang jersey na No. 99 upang parangalan ang taon kung kailan itinatag ang makakaliwang grupo ng ultra group na Brigate Autonome Livornesi. Ang kaniyang pagganap ay nakatulong sa Livorno na maiangat sa Serie A, at siya ang naging top scorer ng liga nang sumunod na season. Sa kabila ng naunang pagkakatanggal, si Lucarelli ay nakakuha ng anim na senior caps para sa Italy, kung saan nakaiskor siya ng tatlong goal. Tumulong si Lucarelli na palakasin ang kaliwang pagkakakilanlan ng Livorno.&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20202&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ang ideolohikong oryentasyon ng Livorno ay humantong sa mga pag-aaway sa mga club na nauugnay sa politikang makakanan, lalo na sa mga nasa [[SS Lazio|Lazio]] at [[Hellas Verona FC|Verona]]. Minsan, ang dating striker ng [[SS Lazio|Lazio]] na si [[Paolo Di Canio]] ay nagbigay ng isang [[saludong Romano]] sa kaniyang sariling mga tagahanga sa isang laban laban sa Livorno, noong matindi ang tensyon sa pagitan ng mga ''[[Ultras|ultra]]'' group ng dalawang club.&lt;ref name=&quot;Times Online 2005-04-03&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Hawkey |first=Ian |date=3 April 2005 |title=Political Football |work=The Times |publisher=TimesOnline |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/sport/football/article376707.ece?token=null&amp;offset=0&amp;page=1 |access-date=31 August 2008}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mula noong 2005, isang grupo ng mga migranteng tagasuporta ng Livorno na naninirahan sa hilagang Europa ang nagpakilala sa kanilang sarili bilang {{Lang|it|Partigiani Livornesi Scandinavia}} ({{Translation|mga partisanong Livornes ng Escandinavia}}). Isang tinatawag na &quot;tatsulok ng kapatiran&quot; ang nabuo sa pagitan ng mga makakaliwang fan club na pinakamatinding sinusuportahan ng [[Olympique de Marseille|Marseille]], Livorno, at [[AEK Athens FC|AEK Athens]], lalo na sa pagitan ng [[Commando Ultras 84]], [[Brigate Autonome Livornesi 99]], at [[Original 21]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20203&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Raison |first=Vince |date=24 May 2020 |title=Forza Livorno |work=[[Morning Star (British newspaper)|Morning Star]] |publisher= |location= |url=https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/s/forza-livorno |access-date=18 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ang kanilang ugnayan ay kadalasang ideolohiko. Mayroon din silang koneksiyon sa [[Adana Demirspor]] (Şimşekler) at [[Celtic FC|Celtic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Morning Star 20203&quot; /&gt;

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Sister project/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Commons category|US Livorno 1915}}

* {{Official website|https://www.uslivorno.com/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{A.S. Livorno Calcio}}{{Serie C}}{{Serie B}}{{Serie A}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Italyano]]
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucchese Calcio</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T11:36:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1373652344|Lucchese Calcio]]&quot;</comment>
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Ang '''Lucchese 1905 srl''', o simpleng '''Lucchese''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng fubtol]] na nakabase sa [[Lucca]], [[Toscana]]. Ang club ay unang itinatag noong 1905, at ang huling pagsali sa [[Serie A]] ay noong 1952.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|https://www.lucchese1905.it/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="1355" sha1="pa4p9eg06814gmw8n1cwk0dxnbzko64" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lucchese|image=Lucchese 1905 crest.svg|upright=0.7|fullname=Lucchese 1905 s.r.l.|nickname=Rossoneri (Red-Blacks)|founded=1905|ground=[[Stadio Porta Elisa]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Lucca]], [[Italy]]|capacity=7.386|chairman=[[Make Holding SRL]]|manager=[[Marco Bernardini]]|league=[[Serie D]]|season=[[2026–27 Serie D]]|position=|pattern_la1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_b1=_lucchese2021h|pattern_ra1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_sh1=_jomaliga19br|pattern_so1=|leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000|pattern_la2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_b2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_ra2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_kvo1819t|pattern_b3=_kvo1819t|pattern_ra3=_kvo1819t|pattern_sh3=|pattern_so3=|leftarm3=DFFF00|body3=DFFF00|rightarm3=DFFF00|shorts3=DFFF00|socks3=DFFF00}}Ang '''Lucchese 1905 srl''', o simpleng '''Lucchese''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng fubtol]] na nakabase sa [[Lucca]], [[Toscana]]. Ang club ay unang itinatag noong 1905, at ang huling pagsali sa [[Serie A]] ay noong 1952.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|https://www.lucchese1905.it/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241236</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T11:38:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <text bytes="1850" sha1="baipcv3gghejm00viwxrb5xockzyfu5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lucchese|image=Lucchese 1905 crest.svg|upright=0.7|fullname=Lucchese 1905 s.r.l.|nickname=Rossoneri (Red-Blacks)|founded=1905|ground=[[Stadio Porta Elisa]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Lucca]], [[Italy]]|capacity=7.386|chairman=[[Make Holding SRL]]|manager=[[Marco Bernardini]]|league=[[Serie D]]|season=[[2026–27 Serie D]]|position=|pattern_la1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_b1=_lucchese2021h|pattern_ra1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_sh1=_jomaliga19br|pattern_so1=|leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000|pattern_la2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_b2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_ra2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_kvo1819t|pattern_b3=_kvo1819t|pattern_ra3=_kvo1819t|pattern_sh3=|pattern_so3=|leftarm3=DFFF00|body3=DFFF00|rightarm3=DFFF00|shorts3=DFFF00|socks3=DFFF00}}Ang '''Lucchese 1905 srl''', o simpleng '''Lucchese''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng fubtol]] na nakabase sa [[Lucca]], [[Toscana]]. Ang club ay unang itinatag noong 1905, at ang huling pagsali sa [[Serie A]] ay noong 1952.

== Kasaysayan ==

=== Pagkakatatag ===
Ang club ay itinatag noong Mayo 25, 1905, na nagbigay sa bayan ng [[Lucca]] ng unang koponan ng futbol nito. Orihinal na pinangalanang '''Lucca Football Club,''' ang club ay itinatag ng magkapatid na Vittorio at Guido Mensini. Ang unang malaking tagumpay ng club ay ang pagkapanalo sa ''Goblet of the King'' noong kapanhunang 1919-20, hindi nagtagal matapos maitatag ang paligsahan. Nang parehong season, nanalo ang Lucca sa Rehiyonal na copa ng Toscana.

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|https://www.lucchese1905.it/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>2241237</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-11-09T11:38:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ryomaandres</username>
        <id>8044</id>
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      <comment>/* Pagkakatatag */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2198" sha1="9ev2mgiagvfq5wgfamejw4a6y0n4jst" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club|clubname=Lucchese|image=Lucchese 1905 crest.svg|upright=0.7|fullname=Lucchese 1905 s.r.l.|nickname=Rossoneri (Red-Blacks)|founded=1905|ground=[[Stadio Porta Elisa]],&lt;br/&gt;[[Lucca]], [[Italy]]|capacity=7.386|chairman=[[Make Holding SRL]]|manager=[[Marco Bernardini]]|league=[[Serie D]]|season=[[2026–27 Serie D]]|position=|pattern_la1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_b1=_lucchese2021h|pattern_ra1=_dumbarton1617a|pattern_sh1=_jomaliga19br|pattern_so1=|leftarm1=FF0000|body1=FF0000|rightarm1=FF0000|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000|pattern_la2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_b2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_ra2=_jomatoletum2wr|pattern_sh2=|pattern_so2=|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=FFFFFF|pattern_la3=_kvo1819t|pattern_b3=_kvo1819t|pattern_ra3=_kvo1819t|pattern_sh3=|pattern_so3=|leftarm3=DFFF00|body3=DFFF00|rightarm3=DFFF00|shorts3=DFFF00|socks3=DFFF00}}Ang '''Lucchese 1905 srl''', o simpleng '''Lucchese''', ay isang [[Futbol sa Italya|Italyanong club ng fubtol]] na nakabase sa [[Lucca]], [[Toscana]]. Ang club ay unang itinatag noong 1905, at ang huling pagsali sa [[Serie A]] ay noong 1952.

== Kasaysayan ==

=== Pagkakatatag ===
Ang club ay itinatag noong Mayo 25, 1905, na nagbigay sa bayan ng [[Lucca]] ng unang koponan ng futbol nito. Orihinal na pinangalanang '''Lucca Football Club,''' ang club ay itinatag ng magkapatid na Vittorio at Guido Mensini. Ang unang malaking tagumpay ng club ay ang pagkapanalo sa ''Goblet of the King'' noong kapanhunang 1919-20, hindi nagtagal matapos maitatag ang paligsahan. Nang parehong season, nanalo ang Lucca sa Rehiyonal na copa ng Toscana.

=== Mula US Lucchese-Libertas hanggang AS Lucchese Libertas ===

==== US Lucchese-Libertas ====
Noong 1924, ang club ay nagsanib sa isa pang lokal na koponan at binago ang pangalan nito sa '''Unione Sportiva Lucchese-Libertas''' . Noong dekada '20, kabilang sa mga kilalang manlalaro sa club ay sina [[Ernesto Bonino]] at [[Giovanni Moscardini]].

== Mga sanggunian ==
{{Reflist}}

== Mga panlabas na link ==

* {{Official website|https://www.lucchese1905.it/}} {{In lang|it}}
{{Serie C}}{{Serie A}}{{Serie B}}
[[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]]</text>
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