Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.26 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3546 49715 48581 2026-05-02T00:45:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:Ngwato_tribe|Bamangwato]]''' kana '''BagaMmangwatoke''' gape gokatwe '''BaNgwato''' or '''Ngwato''' ke mongwe wa ,marafe e metona ee robang bobedi mo [[Botswana]]. Bamangwato ba fitlhelwa kwa bogare jwa Serowe, [[Palapye]] le [[Mahalapye]] mme motsemogolo wa yone morago ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi (1902) ke [[Serowe]]. Kgosi kgolo , maemo ao a amoganwang ele botswa ka tatelano mo lesikeng, ke mongwe wa bale lesome le botlhano ba ba kotameng setilo kwa [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlong ya Dikgosi]], eleng yone ntlo ya Dikgosi ya lefatshe.<ref>"[https://study.com/academy/lesson/botswana-ethnic-groups.html Botswana Ethnic Groups]". Study.com. Retrieved 2026-03-24</ref> == Tshilomologo/ Motheo == Thito ya Morafe wa Bamangwato keya dingwaga tsa sedikadike sa ngwaga tse di lekgolo tsa paka ya 18th fa one o kgaogana le morafe wa [[:en:Bakwena|Bakwena]], mme lefa gontse jalo mo ngwageng tsa sedikadike sa ngwaga wa 19th morafe wa Bamangwato fela jaaka e mengwe o dirwa ke batho baba farologaneng. Ba botsadi jwa ga rre [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]] kafa go rraagwe le dikgosi tsa Bamangwato ba agile metse ele mmalwa ee akarersang [[:en:Shoshong|Shoshong]] le Phalatswe eo eitsegeng ka leina la [[:en:Old_Palapye|Old Palapye]]. Pele ga go kgaogangwa ga merafe ka fa tsamaisong ee tlhamaletseng le ditlamelo tse di tsepameng , go ne go tlwaelesegile kana gosa gakgamatse gore morafe o fuduge fa seemo sa tikologong ese sese maleba kana kgatlhisang.<ref>Parsons, Neil (25 Feb 1998) "[https://www.thuto.org/ubh/bw/oldp.htm The Abandonment of Phalatswe, 1901–1916"], University of Botswana History Department, Retrieved 23 March 2026</ref> Khama le lekoko la tsamaiso la itshiriletso le dirile se fale NE le kgaoganya molelwane go dira seo eleng Kgaolo ya Legare gompieno mo Botswana. == Puo == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) baithuti bane ba kgatlhwa thata ke puo e ya Sengwato morago gago lemoga fa ena le medumo ee pharologanyo kana ee faphegileng ya (f-s).<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20251204001452/https://www.findarticles.com/news/ African dialect uses unexpected sound"], Science News (31 Oct 1998), Retrieved 3 Jan 2006</ref> == Bogosi == Tautona wa ntlha wa lefatshe la Botswana Rre Seretse Kgama e ne e le ene kgosi ya ntlha ya morafe wa Bamangwato. Morwae ebong Rre [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ene ele tautona wa bone wa lefatshe la Botswana mme gape ele kgosikgolo ya morafe. == Metswedi == <references /> == Bona Gape == * [[:en:List_of_rulers_of_Ngwato_(Mangwato)|Rulers of Bangwato (Bamangwato]]) * [[:en:Tswana_people|Tswana]] eipw8ijide1f0vfrvhjqalxdzov4glk 0 7233 49729 41973 2026-05-02T10:50:09Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = Mr JazziQ | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Tumelo Manyoni | birth_date = | birth_place = [[Alexandra, Gauteng]], South Africa | origin = South Africa | genre = {{flatlist| * [[Moopelo wa House|House]] * [[Amapiano]]}} | occupation = {{flatlist| * Modiri wa di pina * DJ}} | instrument = Piano, keyboard, Mafoko | years_active = 2018–gofitha gompieno | label = Black Is Brown ENT | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[JazziDisciples]]|[[Josiah De Disciple]]|[[Moonchild Sanelly]]|[[Busiswa]]|[[Killer Kau]]|Kabza De Small|[[DJ Maphorisa]]|Reece Madlisa|Zuma|Busta 929|[[Riky Rick]]|[[Mpura]]}} | past_member_of = [[JazziDisciples]] | website = }} '''Tumelo Manyoni''' yo o itsegeng ka leina la gagwe la boopedi '''Mr JazziQ''', ke DJ wa [[Amapiano]] wa lefatshe la Afrika Borwa gape ke motsamaisi wa direkoto. O itsege botoka ka go nna mo leloko le a neng a le mo go lone pele la setlhopha sa di DJ tsa [[Amapiano|amapiano]], [[JazziDisciples]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-03-15|title=Why did JazziDisciples split?|url=https://justnje.com/why-did-jazzidisciples-split/|access-date=2022-05-08|website=JustNje|archive-date=2022-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412175719/https://justnje.com/why-did-jazzidisciples-split/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele le thuto == Mr JazziQ o tsholetswe kwa Alexandra gape o goletse teng a nna le mmaagwemogolo fa batsadi ba gagwe ba ne ba nna kwa bokone jwa [[Johannesburg]]. O ne a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Highlands North Boys mme gape o ne a tsena Crawford Sandton mme moragonyana a ya go tsena kwa Mpura Mpura a neng a tsena sekolo teng.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za/449592/greenstones-mr-jazziq-in-the-spotlight/|title=Greenstone’s Mr JazziQ in the spotlight|website=bedfordviewedenvalenews.co.za|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> == Tiro == O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya bo DJ a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone mme a simolola go dira dipina a nale le dingwaga tse di lesome le borataro. O simolotse go dira mefuta e e farologaneng ya mmino kgotsa dipina pele ga a dira mmogo le Josiah, yo a neng a dira amapiano pele ga kgolagano ya bone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2019-05-28-amapiano-a-new-movement-period/|title=Amapiano a new movement... Period|website=sowetanlive.co.za|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2020, o ne a ntsha alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya ''0303''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/mr-jazziq-drops-his-first-single-off-his-upcoming-solo-ep-0303/|title=Mr JazziQ Drops His First Single Off His Upcoming Solo EP 0303|website=Zkhiphani|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Alebamo e, e ne e na le dipina tse di e ke metseng ka nosi jaaka "Askies", "Blue Skies" le "Hello MoʹGirl".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/entertainment/what-to-listen-to-this-weekend-playlist-chika/|title=Rhythm and flow ignited: Here’s what we’re listening to this weekend|website=thesouthafrican.com|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mr-jazziq-enlists-focalistic-busta-929-hello-mogirl-amapiano/|title=Mr JazziQ Enlists Focalistic and Busta 929 for New Single ‘Hello Mo’Girl’|website=Okay Africa|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Pina ya gagwe ya "Askies" e e neng e na le moopedi Moonchild Sanelly le Fake Love e ne ya fiwa gauta ke RiSA.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/moonchild-sanelly-new-music-slams-radio-stations-pulling-askies/|title=Moonchild Sanelly Slams South African Radio Stations for Pulling New Single 'Askies'|website=Okay Africa|access-date=21 April 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.okayafrica.com/moonchild-sanelly-new-music-slams-radio-stations-pulling-askies/ "Moonchild Sanelly Slams South African Radio Stations for Pulling New Single 'Askies'"]. ''Okay Africa''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref><ref name="risa">{{Cite web|url=https://www.risa.org.za/website/certification/reporting/|title=Certificate Reporting|website=risa.org.za|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=17 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217204449/https://www.risa.org.za/website/certification/reporting/|url-status=dead}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. ''risa.org.za''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref> Ka Phatwe 2020, o ne a ntsha EP ya gagwe ya ntlha ya “For The Babies" e e neng e na le baopedi; Kamo Mphela, Lady Du le Londie London.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amapiano-music-albums-eps-stream-right-now/?rebelltitem=3#rebelltitem3|title=7 Amapiano Albums & EPs to Stream Right Now|website=Okay Africa|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2020, o ne a ntsha alebamo ya “Maba Jabulń Abantu", e e neng e le tirisanommogo ya gagwe le Busta 929 mme e na le diopedi tse di tshwanang le Reece Madlisa, Zuma, Mpura, Riky Rick le 9umber. Ka Ngwanatsele 2020, o ne a tlhagelela mo alebamong ya ga Busiswa ya My Side of The Story mo pineng ya "Makazi".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/busiswa-enjoys-the-good-life-in-makazi-music-video-featuring-mr-jazziq/|title=Busiswa enjoys the good life in makazi music video, featuring Mr JazziQ|website=Just Nje|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225727/https://justnje.com/busiswa-enjoys-the-good-life-in-makazi-music-video-featuring-mr-jazziq/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole 2020, o ne a ntsha pina ya "Umsebenzi Wethu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/top-amapiano-songs-2021|title=Top amapiano songs of 2021|website=musicinafrica.net|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> O kile a tshameka mo thulaganyong ya thelebishene ya mmino ya Channel O, Lockdown House Party le mo karolong ya bofelo ya Idols South Africa Yabo 16.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://briefly.co.za/92818-lockdown-party-mr-jazziq-stuns-mzansi-fire-set.html|title=Lockdown party is back on, Mr JazziQ stuns Mzansi with fire set|website=briefly.co.za|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/show/idols-sa/videos/finale-reece-madlisa-zuma-ft-mr-jazziq-busta-929-jazzidisciples-idols-sa/video|title=Finale: Reece Madlisa & Zuma ft. Mr JazziQ & Busta 929 – ‘JazziDisciples’ – Idols SA|website=mzansimagic.dstv.com|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225723/https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/show/idols-sa/videos/finale-reece-madlisa-zuma-ft-mr-jazziq-busta-929-jazzidisciples-idols-sa/video|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 5, 2021, o ne a ntsha pina ya "Amaneighbour" e e naleng Killer Kau, Reece Madlisa, Zuma le ThackzinDJ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/killer-kau-and-mr-jazziq-release-new-single-amaneighbour-featuring-reece-madlisa-zuma-and-thackzindj/|title=Killer Kau and Mr Jazziq release new single Amaneighbour, featuring Reece Madlisa, Zuma and Thackzindj|website=Just Nje|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225724/https://justnje.com/killer-kau-and-mr-jazziq-release-new-single-amaneighbour-featuring-reece-madlisa-zuma-and-thackzindj/|url-status=dead}}</ref> E ne ya fitlhelela #7 mo seromamoweng sa Good Hope FM gape ya fitlhelela #10 mo dipuong tsa House.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/sabc/home/goodhopefm/charts/details?id=91f1112d-0e0d-49b1-a526-2a8867438cdc&title=SA%20House%20Chart|title=SA House Chart|website=goodhopefm.co.za|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225724/http://www.goodhopefm.co.za/sabc/home/goodhopefm/charts/details?id=91f1112d-0e0d-49b1-a526-2a8867438cdc&title=SA%20House%20Chart|url-status=dead}}</ref> Morago nyana o ne a ntsha pina ya "Woza" e e neng e na le Lady Du, Boohle le Kabza De Small, mme gape e ne a tlhagelela mo pineng ya ga Felo Le Tee ya "Nje Nje" mmogo le Reece Madlisa, Zuma, Mpura le Kabza De small.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/mr-jazziq-kabza-de-small-and-lady-du-release-woza-featuring-boohle/|title=Mr JazziQ, Kabza De Small and LadyDu release Woza, featuring Boohle|website=Just Nje|access-date=21 April 2021|archive-date=21 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421225723/https://justnje.com/mr-jazziq-kabza-de-small-and-lady-du-release-woza-featuring-boohle/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/best-south-african-songs-march-2021/?rebelltitem=12#rebelltitem12|title=The 15 Best South African Songs of the Month (March)|website=Okay Africa|access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref> Ka 23 Moranang 2021, o ne a ntsha alebamo ya gagwe ya Party With The English.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/mr-jazziq-releases-new-album-party-with-the-english/|title=Mr JazziQ releases-new-album, Party With The English|website=Just Nje|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423180410/https://justnje.com/mr-jazziq-releases-new-album-party-with-the-english/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Rre JazziQ o ne a tlhagelela mo tlhotlheletso ya alebamo: <blockquote>"Eno ke maitlhomo a me a ntlha a boditšhabatšhaba, le fa ke ntse ke dira mmino sebaka sa dingwaga di le mmalwa . Ke itumetse thata go itsise lefatshe lotlhe tiro ya me. Mofuta ono o a gola, mme ke batla go o isa kwa mafelong a go bina go ralala lefatshe".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mr-jazziq-drops-new-album-party-with-the-english/|title=Mr JazziQ's Highly Anticipated Amapiano Album 'Party With The English' Is Here|website=Okay Africa|access-date=19 May 2021}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.okayafrica.com/mr-jazziq-drops-new-album-party-with-the-english/ "Mr JazziQ's Highly Anticipated Amapiano Album 'Party With The English' Is Here"]. ''Okay Africa''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite></ref></blockquote> Ka September 4, 2021, o ne a diragatsa ka tlhamalalo kwa AmaFest Tour kwa UK mmogo le baopedi ba bangwe Focalistic, Cassper Nyovest, DBN Gogo le Kamo Mphela.<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH: DBN Gogo, Kamo Mphela, Focalistic and Mr JazziQ bring amapiano to the UK|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/watch-dbn-gogo-kamo-mphela-focalistic-and-mr-jazziq-bring-amapiano-to-the-uk-b57c937d-b65a-4c72-8cac-4cbcbc13faea|access-date=13 September 2021|website=iol.co.za}}</ref> == Dimpho == {| class ="wikitable" |- !Ngwaga !Tiro ya Dimpho !Mpho !Maduo |- |2021 |Dimpho tsa moopelo mo Aforika |Modiri wa dipina wa ngwaga |{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.okayafrica.com/ghana-announces-global-music-awards-africa-winners/ |title=Here are the 2021 Global Music Awards Africa Winners |work=Okay Africa|access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5"|2021 | rowspan="3"|Dimpho tsa baopedi ba Amapiano mo Aforika Borwa |Monna o botoka wa Amapiano DJ/Modiragatsi |{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/entertainment/sa-amapiano-music-awards-look-whos-been-nominated/ |title= SA Amapiano Music Awards: Look who’s been nominated! |access-date=20 July 2021|work= thesouthafrican.com}}</ref> |- |Modiragatsi wa Monna o botoka ka Amapiano |{{won}}<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/stars-recognised-at-the-first-sa-amapiano-awards-20211025 |title= Stars recognised at the first SA Amapiano Awards |access-date=27 October 2021|work=news24.com}}</ref> |- |Kgolagano e botoka ya Amapiano |{{won}} |- | [[Dimpho Tshotlhe Tsa Moopelo Mo Africa]] | Modiragatsi o botoka wa monna kwa borwa jwa Aforika | {{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|title= All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees |work=Music In Africa |access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> |- | [[Dimpho tsa African Muzik Magazine]] |Modiri wa dipina wa ngwaga |{{nom}}<ref>{{cite web|title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees|url= https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|work=Music In Africa|first= Gabriel Myers |last=Hansen|access-date=13 December 2021}}</ref> |} == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Baopedi ba Amapiano]] 7pfnc9hkbuen1f9wyui6vpirawrmw7d 0 8496 49725 35042 2026-05-02T10:10:21Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|(2007)]] Moepo wa diteemane wa [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] ke one moepo o o humileng go gaisa meepo yotlhe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>''[http://www.cnn.com/2015/12/03/africa/botswana-diamonds-jwaneng/index.html "Inside the world's richest diamond mine - CNN.com"].'' CNN. Retrieved 2015-12-03</ref> <ref>Lock, N.(February 2019). "''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221102122028/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-62532019000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en Jwaneng - the untold story of the discovery of the world's richest diamond mine"].'' Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.119(2): 155–164. doi: [https://ref.scielo.org/hwrz46 10.17159/2411-9717/2019/v119n2a8]. ISSN 2225-6253</ref> Moepo o o kwa legare la borwa, mo mokgatsheng wa molapo wa Naledi kwa [[Kalahari]] dikilomithara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a mabedi kwa bophirima jwa toropokgolo [[Gaborone]]. Leina [[Toropo ya Jwaneng|Jwaneng]] le raya lefelo la matlapana kgotsa majwe a mannye, moepo o ke wa kompone ya [[:en:Debswana|Debswana]], e e leng tirisanommogo gareng ga kompone ya [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]] le goromente wa [[Botswana]]. Mo meepong e le mene ya kompone e, moepo wa Jwaneng ke wa bobedi ka bosha, o simolotse go bereka ka ngwaga wa 1982. Moepo wa Jwaneng ke moepo wa lehuti le le butsweng. O ntsha dimilione di le boferabongwe le metso e meraro tsa matlapa a ka nnang le teemene ka ngwaga, le di milione di le masome a mararo le bosupa tsa matlapa a a senang teemane.<ref>''"[https://web.archive.org/web/20130128044054/http://www.resourceinvestor.com/2013/01/22/the-state-of-2013-global-rough-diamond-supply The state of 2013 global rough diamond supply]"''. Resource Investor. January 22, 2013.Archived from [http://www.futuresmag.com/ the original] on January 28, 2013. Retrieved 2013-02-04</ref> Moepo o o mo godimo ga diphaephe di le tharo tsa leje la kimberlite, le le apesitseng di mithara di le 520,000 kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Moepo o o ntsha di milione di le lesome le motso la di carats tsa diteemane. Moepo wa Jwaneng o fira batho ba feta dikete tsa pedi le lekgolo . Moepo o ke one gape o o tlhokomelang le go laola sepatela mo Jwaneng le maemelo difofane a Jwaneng. Moepo o o na le setlankana sa tikologo e e siameng sa ISO 14001, e le one moepo wa ntlha mo Botswna go fitlhelela setlankana seo ka ngwaga wa 2000. Moeop wa Jwaneng o itsege ka tshireletsego ya maemo a ntlha, le go fenya dietsele tse dintsi mono Botswana le mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317175718/http://www.debswana.com/Operations/Pages/Jwaneng.aspx ''"Debswana Jwaneng Operations"''] Archived 2012-03-17 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Metswedi == jjweouezhdl3z2z3dqg3aqfvduu209w 0 10096 49724 38154 2026-05-02T08:27:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''As Lenyalo le le rulagantsweng''' ke mofuta wa ya lenyalo mo monyadi le monyadiwa ba tlhophiwang ke batho ba bangwe kwa ntle .Ga banyalani ka bobona, ba tlhopiwa ke baleloko bogolosegolo bassi babona. Mo ditsong tse finger , go ka nna ga dirisiwa motho yo o nang le bokgoni jwa go batlela balekane go batlela motho yo mmotlana molekane. Manyalo a a rulagantsweng a ntse a tlhagelela mo dingwaong di le dintsi go ya ka hisitori. Mokgwa o o sa ntse o tlwaelegile mo dikgaolong di le dintsi, segolobogolo kwa Caucasus, Asia Bogare, Aforika Bokone, Asia Borwa, Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, le Asia Bophirima . Mo dikarolong tse dingwe tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, mokgwa ono o ile wa fokotsega thata mo lekgolong la bo19 le la bo20 la dingwaga. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Manyalo a a patelediwang, a a dirwang mo malapeng mangwe, a kgalwa ke [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabakopano]] . Setlhophapotlana se se rileng sa lenyalo la bana le le patelediwang se kgalemelwa thata. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UN General Assembly adopts 2nd resolution on child, early and forced marriage|date=December 2016|website=Girls Not Brides|url=https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/un-general-assembly-adopts-2nd-resolution-child-early-forced-marriage/|access-date=March 23, 2018|archive-date=July 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719185325/https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/un-general-assembly-adopts-2nd-resolution-child-early-forced-marriage/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo ditsong tse dingwe, batho ba tlhopha molekane wa bona. Manyalo a a rulagantsweng a ne a tlwaelegile thata mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka mengwaga yabo18 . Ka tlwaelo, manyalo a ne a rulaganngwa ke batsadi, borremogolo kgotsa ba losika ba bangwe ba ba gaufi le ditsala tse di ikanyegang. Go itsege dilo dingwe tse di sa akarediweng mo hisitoring, tse di jaaka meetlo ya go ratana le ya go beeletsa ka nako ya Tsosoloso kwa Italy <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cour/hd_cour.htm|title=Courtship and Betrothal in the Italian Renaissance|website=metmuseum.org}}</ref> le Gandharva Vivah ka nako ya Vedic kwa kontinentengpotlana ya India. Lenyalo mo metlheng ya bogologolo ya Bagerika le Baroma, le ne le theilwe mo maikarabelong a loago. Gantsi manyalo a ne a rulaganngwa ke batsadi; ka dinako tse dingwe go ne go dirisiwa batho ba ba batlang banyalani ba seporofešenale. Gore lenyalo le nne semolao, rre kgotsa motlhokomedi wa mosadi o ne a tshwanetse go naya monna yo o tshwanetseng .yo o . Barwadi ba dikhutsana gantsi ba ne ba nyalwa ke bo ntsalae . Banyalani ba ne ba nna le seabe mo moletlong o o neng o akaretsa meetlo e e jaaka go tlosa lesire . Monna ka tlwaelo o ne a lekanyeditswe go nna le mosadi a le mongwe fela, le fa a ne a ka nna le basadi ba le bantsi ba a neng a ka kgona. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kwa [[China]], manyalo a a rulagantsweng (baoban hunyin, 包办婚姻) – ka dinako tse dingwe a bidiwa manyalo a a foufetseng (manghun, 盲婚) – e ne e le tlwaelo pele kamengagwa yabo 20lekgolo . Lenyalo e ne e le puisano le tshwetso magareng ga batsadi le maloko a magolo amalapa a lemabedi. Ka tlwaelo,mosimane le mosetsana ba ne ba bolelelwa gore ba nyalane. Ba se na tshwanelo ya go gana, le fa ba ne ba ise ba kopane go fitlha ka letsatsi la lenyalo. <ref>Fricke, Chang, and Yang. (1994). Historical and Ethnographic Perspectives on the Chinese family. Social Change and the Family in Taiwan. Arland Thornton and Lin, Hui-Sheng. Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press: 22–48</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Rong|first=Pan|date=2004|title=Why Being Single? A Research for the Delayed Marriage Among People (Aged 25-35) in Shanghai, China|url=https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?fileOId=1328264&func=downloadFile&recordOId=1328263|access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Lu|first=M.C.W.|date=2008|title=Gender, marriage and migration : contemporary marriages between mainland China and Taiwan|url=https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/13001|access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref> 0ur07a5jyf2v4b83ysrfms7ilh4sd9w 0 10933 49717 48168 2026-05-02T04:23:15Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditlhopho mo Botswana''' di tshwarelwa mo leagong la puso-ya-batho-ka-batho ya mekgatlho ya sepolotiki e mentsi ebile di dirisa [[:en:Parliamentary_system|tsamaiso ya palamente]]. Mo [[:en:National_Assembly_(Botswana)|Palamentenhg ya Setšhaba]], bontsi ke jo be tlhophilweng ka konopo, mme bone ba tlhophe Tautona le mapalamente ba bangwe ba tlaleletso. [[:en:Ntlo_ya_Dikgosi|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] yone e kopantse maloko a segosi-ka-tsalo le ba ba tlhophiwang.<ref>Botswana CIA World [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Handbook]</ref> == Maduo gotswa mo ditsong == === Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba tsa Botswana ngwaga e le wa 1965 === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ! colspan="2" |Mokgatlho wa Sepolotiki !Tlhopho !% !Ditilo |- | |Botswana Democratic Party |113,167 |80.38 |28 |- | |Botswana People's Party |19,964 |14.18 |3 |- | |Botswana Independence Party |6,491 |4.61 |0 |- | |Botswana People's Party (Motsete Branch) |377 |0.27 |0 |- | |Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko) |789 |0.56 |0 |- | colspan="2" |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso) |0 |0.00 |4 |- | colspan="2" |Palo yotlhe |140,788 |100.00 |35 |} === Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba tsa Botswana ngwaga e le wa 1969 === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ ! colspan="2" |Mokgatlho wa Sepolotiki !Tlhopho !% !Ditilo |- | |Botswana Democratic Party |52,518 |68.33 |24 |- | |Botswana National Front |10,410 |13.54 |3 |- | |Botswana People's Party |9,329 |12.14 |3 |- | |Botswana Independence Party |4,601 |5.99 |1 |- | colspan="2" |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso) |0 |0.00 |4 |- | colspan="2" |Palo yotlhe |76,858 |100.00 |35 |} == Ditlhopho tsa bofelo == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! colspan="7" |tsenya setshwantsho |- ! colspan="4" |Mokgatlho wa sepolotiki/wa mokopanelwa !Tlhopho !% !Ditilo |- | rowspan="5" | | rowspan="5" |Umbrella for Democratic Change | |Botswana National Front |193,166 |23.13 |23 |- | |Alliance for Progressives |46,799 |5.60 |6 |- | |Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko) |39,261 |4.70 |3 |- | |Botswana People's Party |31,636 |3.79 |4 |- | colspan="2" |Palo yotlhe |310,862 |37.22 |36 |- | | colspan="3" |Botswana Democratic Party |254,633 |30.49 |4 |- | | colspan="3" |Botswana Congress Party |175,326 |20.99 |15 |- | | colspan="3" |Botswana Patriotic Front |69,414 |8.31 |5 |- | | colspan="3" |Botswana Republican Party |3,212 |0.38 |0 |- | | colspan="3" |Botswana Movement for Democracy |1,146 |0.14 |0 |- | | colspan="3" |Real Alternative Party |222 |0.03 |0 |- | | colspan="3" |Ba ba ikemetseng (mekoko) |20,434 |2.45 |1 |- | colspan="4" |Ba ba sa tlhophiwang (ba tlaleletso) |0 |0.00 |8 |- | colspan="4" |Palo yotlhe |835,249 |100.00 |69 |} == Ditso tsa Ditlhopho == === Bechuanaland ka fa tlase ga Tshireletso === Gotsweng ko go tlhomiweng ga [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland yo a neng a le ka fa tlase ga Tshireletso]] ka ngwaga wa 1889, go ile ga nna le ditlhopho mo fatsheng le kwa tshimologong wa dingwaga tsa bo-1920, fa gosena go simolodisiwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=European_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1 European Advisory Council] (EAC) le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1 Native Advisory Council] (NAC). Maloko a EAC a ne a tlhophiwa baemedi ka bongwe ka bongwe ba dikgaolwana botlhophi ba e neng e le baagedi ba Boritane (kgotsa ba ba neng ba na le tshwanno ya boagedi jwa Boritane) ba batsadi ba Ma-Yuropa, le ba ba neng ba fitlhelela sekale sa boagedi le sa mahumo.<ref>Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932 Colonial [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Reports]</ref> E ne ya tlhophiwa e le lantlha ka ngwaga wa 1921, ka ditlhopho tse di tshwarwang morago ga dingwaga dingwe le dingwe tse tharo. Kwa tshimologong e ne e na le maloko a le mane, mme a nna a oketsega go nna thataro ka ngwaga wa 1929, le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1948.<ref>Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla (2008) ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana'', Scarecrow Press, p83</ref> Kwa tshimologong, Native Advisory Council e ne e na le maloko a le masome a mararo, ba le batlhano gotswa mo merafeng ya kwa Borwa jwa lefatshe le ([[:en:Rolong_tribe|Barolong]], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_rulers_of_Kw%C3%AAna&action=edit&redlink=1 Bakwena], [[:en:Bangwaketse|Bangwaketse]], [[:en:Kgatla_tribe|Bakgatla]], [[:en:Bamalete|Bamalete]] le [[:en:Tlôkwa_tribe|Batlokwa]]). Mongwe wa maloko a, a matlhano e ne e le kgosi ya morafe fa ba bane bone ba ne ba tlhophiwa ke morafe goyeng ka "ditsamaiso tsa setso tsa yone".<ref>Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932 Colonial [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Reports]</ref> Le fa go le jalo, tsamaiso e, e ne e kgalwa ke maloko mangwe mo go bone go naleng SM Molema, yo a neng a re dikgosi di ne di tlhopha ba di ba ratang. [[:en:Resident_Commissioner|Mokomišinara wa Moagedi]] o ile a supa fa se ene a se tlhaloganyang e ne e le gore maloko a tlhophiwa kwa dikgotleng (diphutlhego tsa Setswana).<ref>Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 & [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1937 tsamaiso e ya go tlhopha e ile ya fetolwa go letelela Mokomišinara wa Moagedi go tlhopha leloko le le lengwe mo morafeng mongwe le mongwe.<ref>Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 & [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1940 leina la lekgotla le le ile la fetolwa go nna [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=African_Advisory_Council&action=edit&redlink=1 African Advisory Council] (AAC) fa ka 1944 boloko jwa yone bo ne jwa fetolwa go nna le tekanyetso ka palo tsa merafe. ACC e ne ya godisiwa go nna le maloko a le masome a mararo le botlhano, mo go bone go na le ba le borobabobedi gotswa mo morafeng wa [[:en:Bangwato_tribe|Bangwato]], ba le bane gotswa mo Bangwaketsing le Bakwena, ba le bararo gotswa mo Barolong, Bamalete, Batlokwa, Bakgatla le [[:en:List_of_rulers_of_Tawana|Batawana]], ba le babedi gotswa mo [[:en:Kgalagadi_language|Bakgalagading]] le ba le babedi ba ba neng ba emela kgaolo ya [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 & [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1950 go ne ga tlhamiwa Joint Advisory Council, e nale maloko a le borobabobedi a a tswang mo makgotleng a EAC le AAC, le maloko a mangwe a mararo a a tlhophilweng. Fa dingwaga tsa bo-1950 di ya fifing, go ne ga nna le tshusumetso e e maatla ya go tlhama Legislative Council se se ileng sa gogela kwa kitsisong ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 1960 gore makgotla a EAC le AAC a tla nyeletswa ka kgwedi ya Moranang ngwaga wa 1961, mme go tlaabo go tlhomiwa makgotla a mangwe a mabedi, la Legislative Council le la African Council.<ref>Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960 Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 & [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf 2]</ref> Mokgatlho o moša wa Legislative Council o ne o nale maloko a le lesome le bongwe a a tlhophilweng ka tlhopho, fa ba le lesome mo go bone ba tlhophilwe ke MaYuropa mme a le mongwe ene a tlhophilwe baagi ba Ešia. Go ne go na le maloko a Aforika a le lesome a a sa tlhophiwang ka tlhopho a a tlhophilweng ke African Council, gape go nale badiri ba mmuso wa tshireletso ba le lesome le maloko a mangwe a tlaleletso. Bontlha bongwe jwa African Council jo bo tlhophilweng, fa bone ba ba tlhophilweng ba, ba dira gammogo le magosi a merafe e borobabobedi.<ref>Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945-1966) [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/botoverview4.htm EISA]</ref> === Rephaboliki ya Botswana === Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tse e neng e le [[:en:Universal_suffrage|tsa kakaretso]] di tshwerwe ka ngwaga wa [[:en:1965_Bechuanaland_general_election|1965]], pele ga boipuso jo bo diragetseng dikgwedi tse lesome le borobabobedi gotsweng foo. Bechuanaland Democratic Party (e ileng ya fiwa leina le leša [[:en:Botswana_Democratic_Party|Botswana Democratic Party]] golatela boipuso) e ne ya bona phenyo e e tsiitsibanyang mmele, e bona ditilo di le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi mo go tse masome a mararo le bongwe. Morago ga boipuso BDP e ile ya tswelela ka diphenyo tse di tona ka dingwaga tsa [[:en:1969_Botswana_general_election|1969]], [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|1974]], [[:en:1979_Botswana_general_election|1979]] le [[:en:1984_Botswana_general_election|1984]], e fenya selekanyo sa boraro mo boneng jwa ditilo mo ditlhophong dingwe le dingwe. [[:en:1987_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|Patlo-maikutlo ka tlhabololo-ditlhopho]] e ne ya tshwarwa ka ngwaga wa 1987, mme e ne e tsentse phetogo fela ya go tlhama maemo a Motsamaisa-Ditlhopho, le ya tsamaiso ya [[:en:First-past-the-post|phenyo-ka-bontsi]] e e neng e letelela BDP go laola Ntlo ya Palamente le go nna mo pusong. Morago ga ditlhopha tse ba di fentseng ka pharologanyo e tota tsa [[:en:1989_Botswana_general_election|1989]], ditlhopho tsa [[:en:1994_Botswana_general_election|1994]] tsone di ne tsa supa tiro e ntle ya lekgotla la kganetso la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana National Front]] (BNF) e ileng ya fenya ditilo di le lesome le boraro mo go tse masome a mane a tse ditlhophilweng ka talama, le ntswa BDP e ne e tshwere ditilo tse pedi mo borarong jwa tsone tsotlhe. [[:en:1997_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|Patlo-mikutlo ka tlhabololo-ditlhopho ya bobedi]] e ne ya tshegetswa ka ngwaga wa 1997 morago ga ditshupegetso tse dokotsi tsa 1995.<ref>Botswana: Constitutional and electoral reform [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1997overview.htm EISA]</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di akaretsa tlhamo ya Independent Electoral Commission, go leta Batswana ba ba kwa ntle ga lefatshe go tlhopha, le go fokotsa dingwaga tsa go tlhopha gotswa kwa go masome a mabedi le bongwe go boela kwa go tse lesome le borobabobedi, tse tsotlhe di ileng tsa amogelesega mo batlhophing. [[:en:1999_Botswana_general_election|Ditlhopho tsa 1999]] di feletse ka phenyo ya BDP ka ditilo tse masome a mararo le boraro mo go tse masome a mane a ditilo tse di tlhophilweng ka ditamala, morago ga go thubega ga mokgatlho wa BNF ka 1998. E ile ya tswelela ka go fenya ditilo tse masome a mane le bone mo go tse masome a matlhano le bosupa a tse di tlhophilweng ka talama ka [[:en:2004_Botswana_general_election|2004]], masome a mane le botlhano ka [[:en:2009_Botswana_general_election|2009]] le tse masome a mararo le bosupa a ditilo ka [[:en:2014_Botswana_general_election|2014]]. == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == === Palamente ya Setšhaba === Maloko a masome a marataro le botlhano a Palamente ya Setšhaba a akaretsa a le masome a matlhano le bosupa a tlhophetsweng go emela setšhaba mo ngwageng tse tlhano, gape go nale leloko le le lengwe la [[:en:Parliamentary_constituencies_of_Botswana|kgaolo nngwe le nngwe ya botlhophi]] ka tiriso ya tsamaiso ya phenyo-ka-bontsi mo ditlhophong, ba le bane ba tlhophilwe ke Palamente ya Setšhaba gotswa mo maineng a a neng a beilwe-pele ke Tautona, le a le mabedi [[:en:Ex_officio|a tlaleletso]]; Tautona le Rra-Molao-Mogolo.<ref>National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]</ref><ref>The Parliament of Botswana [https://web.archive.org/web/20190811234337/http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/core/parliamentInfo.aspx?Committee=BOTSWANA CPA]</ref> Fa e sale go tsewa boipuso, selekanyo sa Palamente ya Setšhaba e ntse e gola ka bonya ka bonya, ka maloko a a tlhophilweng a gola gotswa kwa go masome a mararo le bongwe gpya kwa go masome a mararo le bobedi ka 1974, masome a mararo le bone ka 1984, masome a mane ka 1994 le masome a matlhano le bosupa ka 2004 <ref>Dieter Nohlen, Michael Krennerich & Bernard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'', Oxford University Press, [[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|p105]]</ref><ref>Elections held in 2004 [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_04.htm IPU]</ref> Go nna teng ga maloko a a sa tlhophiwang ka talama (ba ba itlhophetsweng) go simologile ka 1974.<ref>Elections in Botswana African Elections [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Database]</ref> Batlhophi e tshwanetse ya bo e le Batswana ba ba dingwaga tse lesome le borobabobedi le go feta, yo o tsweletseng ka go nna mo lefatsheng le mo lebakeng le le seng ka fa tlase ga dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi pele ga ikwadisetso ditlhopho. Mabaka a a ka kganelang a akaretsa gore motho a ba a sa itekanela mo tlhaloganyong, motho a laoletswe leso ke lekgotla, motho yo o tsentsweng mo kgolegelong ya lebaka la dikgwedi tse thataro le go feta, fa motho a dirile molato o o tsamaisanang le tsa ditlhopho, kgotsa motho yo o nang le boagedi jo bobedi.<ref>National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]</ref> Bo-ntlhopheng bone ba tshwanetse ba bo ba nale dingwaga di se ka fa tlase ga masome a mabedi le bongwe, a itse Sekgowa mo go lekaneng gore a kgone go tsaya karolo mo dipuisanong tsa palamente le gore a bo a sena seemo sa tatlhegelo e e sa duelelweng. Ba tshwanetse gape gore ba bo ba nopotswe ke batlhophi ba le babedi ba kgaolo ya botlhophi ya bone ebile go nale ba le supa ba ba emeng nokeng tlhopho eo. Go nale [[:en:Deposit_(politics)|madi a peeletso]] a a duelwang, mme a ka busetswa ntlhophang fa a ka bona tlhopho e e kana ka botlhano mo lekgolong ya batlhophi botlhe mo kgaolong ya botlhophi. Maloko a Ntlo ya Dikgosi ga ba kake ba emela ditlhopho tsa Palamente ya Setšhaba.<ref>National Assembly [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm IPU]</ref> === Tautona === Bo-ntlhophang ba bopalamente ba tlhalosa mo pampiring ya tlhopho gore ba emenokeng ntlhopheng wa botautona ofe, mme Tautona a bo a tla a tlhophiwa ke maloko a Palamemte ya Setšhaba morago ga ditlhopho tsa setšhaba. Bo-ntlhopheng ba botautona ba tshwanetse ba bo ba tlhophilwe ke batlhophi ba se ka fa tlase ga sekete, gape ba se ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse di masome a mararo.<ref>Botswana: Constitution [[EISA]]</ref> Gofitlha ka ngwaga wa 1974, Tautona o ne a tshwanetse ke gore a bo a le mopalamente yo o tlhophilweng.<ref>Nohlen et al, p106</ref> === Ntlo ya Dikgosi === Ntlo ya Dikgosi e tlhophiwa eseng ka tlhamalalo. Gofitlha ka ngwaga wa 2005 e ne e nale maloko a le borobabobedi a e leng dikgosi tsa merafe e megolo ya lefatshe, a le mane e le a a tlhophilweng ke dikgosi mo merafeng ya bone, le a le mararo a a tlhophilweng ke maloko a le lesome le bobedi a a setseng a le teng.<ref>Nohlen et al, p106</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2005 e ile ya atolosiwa go nna le maloko a le masome a mararo le botlhano, a e leng dikgosi tse borobabobedi, maloko a le matlhano a a tlhomilweng ke Tautona, le a le masome a mabedi le bobedia a tlhophilweng dingwaga tse tlhano dingwe le dingwe, a tlhophiwa ke maloko a bogosi jwa khiro.<ref>Ntlo Ya Dikgosi Introduction Parliament of [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531063313/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-ntlo-ya-dikgosi Botswana]</ref> == Dipatlo maikutlo == Go nale dipatlo maikutlo di le tharo fela tse di kileng tsa dirwa mo Botswana. Yantlha e dirilwe ka ngwaga wa [[:en:1987_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|1987]] e le ka tokafatso ya tsamaiso ya ditlhopho, patlo maikutko ya bobedi e le yone e neng e le ka kgang e tshwanang ka [[:en:1997_Botswana_electoral_reform_referendum|1997]]. Patlo maikutlo ya boraro e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa [[:en:2001_Botswana_judicial_reform_referendum|2001]] ka megopolo e e beilweng pele ya tokafatso ditsamaiso tsa boatlhodi. Batlhophi ba ne ba botswa dipotse tse borobabobedi, mme tshologelo ya tlhopho e ne ya nna gautshwane thata le botlhano mo lekgolong fela.<ref>Botswana: 2001 Referendum [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2001referendum.htm EISA]</ref> == Tshupo == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana Botswana] CIA World Handbook # [http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/466540/466540_1932/466540_1932_opt.pdf Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1932] Colonial Reports # Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, Part Themba Mgadla (2008) ''Historical Dictionary of Botswana'', Scarecrow Press, p83 # [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-0|a]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-1|b]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-2|c]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-3|d]] Kenneth R. D. Manungo (1999) [http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula013001/pula013001005.pdf The role of the Native Advisory Council in the Bechuanaland Protectorate, 1919-1960] Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies, vol. 13, nos. 1 & 2 # [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/botoverview4.htm Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945-1966)] EISA # [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1997overview.htm Botswana: Constitutional and electoral reform] EISA # [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-KRDM_4-0|a]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-IPU_7-1|b]] [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-IPU_7-2|c]] [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm National Assembly] IPU # [https://web.archive.org/web/20190811234337/http://www.cpahq.org/cpahq/core/parliamentInfo.aspx?Committee=BOTSWANA The Parliament of Botswana] CPA # [[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A Data Handbook'', Oxford University Press, p105 # [http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2041_04.htm Elections held in 2004] IPU # [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Elections in Botswana] African Elections Database # [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Botswana: Constitution] EISA # [[:en:Elections_in_Botswana#cite_ref-N1_13-0|a]] # Nohlen et al, p106 # [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531063313/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-ntlo-ya-dikgosi Ntlo Ya Dikgosi Introduction] Parliament of Botswana # [https://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot2001referendum.htm Botswana: 2001 Referendum] EISA == Ditomagano gotswa ntle == * [https://archive.today/20121127183932/http://www.iec.gov.bw/ Botswana Independent Electoral Commission] * [http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/b/botswana/ Botswana] Psephos * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060503023856/http://africanelections.tripod.com/bw.html Botswana] Africa Elections Database ''<u>Insert table</u>'' Category: Elections in Botswana 0s14q1l7ey3ccuigdnfezttjbzzm0m4 0 11115 49722 46805 2026-05-02T07:10:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Jessica Marais|image=Jessica Marais at 2011 TV Week Logie Awards (1).jpg|image caption=Marais in 2011|birth_date=<!-- High quality source required per [[WP:BLPPRIVACY]] -->|birth_place=[[Johannesburg]], Transvaal, South Africa|education={{ubl|[[John XXIII College, Perth]]|[[St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls|St Hilda's Anglican School for Girls, Perth]]|[[National Institute of Dramatic Art]] ([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])}}|occupation=Actor|years active=2008–2018, 2020|known for={{ubl|''[[Packed to the Rafters]]''|''[[Love Child (TV series)|Love Child]]''|''[[The Wrong Girl (TV series)|The Wrong Girl]]''}}|partner(s)=[[James Stewart (Australian actor)|James Stewart]] (2009–2015)|children=1|imagesize=200px}} '''Jessica Marais''' ke modiragatsi wa pele wa Australia yo o tsholetsweng kwa Aforika Borwa. O itsege thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo thelebisheneng ya Australia. Dikgele tsa gagwe di akaretsa Dietsele di le tlhano tsa [[Logie]] le ditlhopho di le borobabongwe, mmogo le ditlhopho di le pedi tsa [[Dietsele tsa Equity Ensemble]]. Marais, moalogi wa National Institute of Dramatic Art, o ne a nna le seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha jaaka Rachel Rafter mo motseletseleng wa drama ya metlae ya [[Seven Network]], ''[[Packed to the Rafters]]'' (2008-2013). Gape o ne a nna le seabe se se ipoeletsang mo motseletseleng wa ditoro tsa Amerika wa ga [[Sam Raimi]], ''[[Tlhamane ya Mobatli|Legend of the Seeker]]'' (2008-2010). Ka 2012-2013, o ne a tshameka mmogo mo motseletseleng wa drama wa Amerika, ''[[Magic City]]'' mo [[Starz]]. Moragonyana o ne a tlhagelela mo motseletseleng wa drama tsa [[Nine Network]], ''[[Love Child]]'' (2013-2017) le motseletsele wa drama wa [[Network 10]], ''[[The Wrong Girl]]'' (2016-2017). == Botshelo jwa pele == Marais o tsholetswe kwa [[Johannesburg]], kwa Aforika Borwa, mme o goletse kwa [[Benoni]].<ref name=":0">[https://www.nowtolove.com.au/celebrity/celebrity-news/jessica-marais-and-james-stewart-our-love-story-22291/ Jessica Marais and James Stewart: Our love story!] ''Now to Love''. 19 December 2010</ref> Lelwapa le ne la tswa mo Aforika Borwa fa a ne a le dingwaga di le tharo, ba nna kwa Canada le New Zealand.<ref name=":0" /> Ba ne ba feleletsa ba nna kwa [[Perth]] kwa [[Australia Bophirima]], fa Marais a ne a le dingwaga di le borobabongwe.<ref name=":0" /> Rraagwe, Tony, dean ya yunibesithi, modipolomat le moitseanape wa itsholelo, o ne a tsaya tiro kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Australia Bophirima]].<ref name=":0" /> Dikgwedi di le thataro morago ga go goroga kwa Australia, rraagwe Marais e bong Tony o ne a bolawa ke bolwetse jwa pelo fa a ne a boa kwa pikiniking ya lelwapa. Marais o godisitswe ke mmaagwe yo e neng e le morutabana e bong Karen.<ref name=":1">[https://thewest.com.au/entertainment/tv/marais-the-day-my-dad-died-and-how-we-had-to-cope-ng-ya-143292 Marais: the day my dad died and how we had to cope] ''The West Australian''. 28 October 2011</ref><ref>Byrnes, Holly (28 October 2011). [https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/packed-to-the-rafters-star-jessica-marais-still-haunted-by-seeing-father-die/news-story/bea05142fd82e4523d81eecaabaeb7b6 "Packed To the Rafters star Jessica Marais still haunted by seeing father die"]. ''News.com.au''. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Marais moragonyana o ne a re: "Ka jalo nna le mme le morwadiarre re ne re le Ba-Australia ka phoso ka gonne re ne ra fudugela fano ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe mme morago ga moo re ne ra tlogelwa, mme mme o ne a rata Perth, e ne e le lefelo le le babalesegileng go tlisa basetsanyana ba babedi."<ref name=":1" /> O tsene sekolo sa thuto-mmogo sa Roma sa [[John XXIII College]] kwa [[Claremont]] ngwaga, pele a fudugela kwa [[Sekolong sa Basetsana sa Anglican sa St Hilda]] kwa [[Mosman Park]].<ref>[https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/wa/love-child-star-jess-marais-says-sorry-to-her-teachers-ng-e67d25e387a08ab56119434d160d6429 Love Child star Jess Marais says sorry to her teachers] ''Perth Now''. 15 February 2014</ref><ref>[https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Jessica+Marais/395711 Jessica Marais] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240815140707/https://www.allamericanspeakers.com/celebritytalentbios/Jessica+Marais/395711 Archived] 15 August 2024 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] All American Speakers. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Marais o ne a tsena National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) mme a aloga ka 2007. Diponagalo tsa NIDA di ne di akaretsa Ophelia mo [[Hamlet ya ga William Shakespeare]] le Charity mo [[Sweet Charity]]. Fa a sa ntse a wetsa ngwaga wa gagwe wa bofelo o ne a tsenngwa mo filiming ya ''Packed to the Rafters'', mmogo le naletsana-ka-ene le moalogi-ka-ene wa NIDA e bong [[Hugh Sheridan]].^{[<nowiki/>[[go tlhokega nopolo]]]} == Tiro == Marais o ne a tsena sekolo kwa [[NIDA]] fa a ne a tlhophiwa go tshameka karolo ya ga Rachel Rafter mo motseletseleng wa drama ya metlae ya thelebišene e e bidiwang ''[[Packed to the Rafters]]''. O ne a tswelela go bona dikakgolo di le mmalwa ka ntlha ya seabe seno. Ka 2009, o ne a fenya [[Sekgele sa Logie sa Talente e Ntšhwa ya Basadi e e Ratwang go gaisa botlhe|Sekgele sa Logie sa Talente e Ntsha ya Basadi e e Ratwang go gaisa botlhe]] ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe, a fenya [[Margot Robbie]] mme gape a fenya [[Sekgele sa Logie sa Motho yo Mosha yo o Tlhomologileng go gaisa botlhe]].<ref name=":2">[https://www.nowtolove.com.au/entertainment/books/jessica-marais-best-logies-moments-29846/ Golden girl: Jessica Marais’ best Logies moments] ''Woman's Day''. 20 November 2016</ref> O ne a tlhophelwa [[Sekgele sa Logie sa Modiragatsi yo o Ratwang go gaisa botlhe]] ka 2010 le 2011, a gaisiwa ke mmaagwe wa mo screen [[Rebecca Gibney]] le [[Asher Keddie]].<ref name=":2" /> Pontsho e ne ya atlega thata kwa Australia, mme ya bona babogedi ba le didikadike di le pedi beke le beke.<ref>Meade, Amanda (3 July 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/australia-culture-blog/2013/jul/03/packed-rafters-final-episode "Packed to the Rafters bids a teary farewell"]. ''The Guardian''.</ref> Ka Tlhakole 2011 go ne ga itsisiwe gore Marais o tlogetse pontsho, mme karolo ya gagwe ya bofelo e ne ya gasiwa ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le boraro 2011.<ref>Harris, Amy (15 February 2011). [https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/packed-to-the-rafters-losing-jessica-marais-its-brightest-young-star/news-story/fc67e2ac459950ae5c7dc4fb77c549aa "Packed to the Rafters losing Jessica Marais, its brightest young star"]. ''The Daily Telegraph''. Australia. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025</ref> Marais o ne a tshameka mo motseletseleng ono go tloga ka [[Setlha sa Ntlha]] go fitlha ka [[Setlha sa Bone]] go tloga ka 2008 go ya go 2012. Marais o ne a tshameka mo kgaolong ya bofelo ya setlha sa bone ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi 2012 le mo makgaolakgannyeng a motseletsele ono ka Phukwi a le gabedi 2013. Marais gape o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya ga Rai Fazio ya ''[[Two Fists, One Heart]]'' le modiragatsi ka ene wa [[Perth]] e bong [[Tim Minchin]] le [[Daniel Amalm]] e e neng ya gololwa ka Mopitlo 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120216085448/http://www.loconut.com.au/News/Filming-begins-on-Two-Fists,-One-Heart;-comedian-Tim-Minchin-to-guest-star-8377/default.aspx "Two Fists, One Heart"]. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Marais o ne a tshameka e le moeng mo motseletseleng wa difilimi tsa Amerika, ''[[Legend of the Seeker]]'' e e neng ya filimiwa kwa [[Auckland New Zealand]], a tshameka karolo ya ga Mohumagadi wa [[Mord'Sith]] Denna. Marais o ne a katisediwa go lwa go dira ditshwantsho tsa ntwa le Richard Cypher. Go etsa moanelwa yo o mo dibukeng, o ne a direlwa catsuit e e itiretsweng, diatlana le ditlhako tsa wedge tsa disentimetara di le borobabobedi. Fa a sena go tlogela ''Packed to the Rafters'', Marais o ne a fudugela kwa United States go ya go batla ditshono tsa go diragatsa koo. Marais o ne a latlhelwa mo ''[[Magic City]]'', motseletsele wa drama wa [[Starz]] o o tlhamilweng ke [[Mitch Glazer]] mme e ne e rulagantswe ka 1959 kwa Miami, kwa Florida, morago ga [[Phetogo ya Cuba]]. Marais o ne a tshameka mmogo le [[Jeffrey Dean Morgan]] le [[Danny Huston]] mo motseletseleng o o neng wa tswelela dipaka di le pedi.<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/wait-over-for-exrafters-stars-sultry-hotel-drama-20120920-268be.html Wait over for ex-Rafters star's sultry hotel drama] ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. 20 September 2012</ref><ref>[https://variety.com/2013/tv/news/starz-cancels-magic-city-after-two-seasons-1200574479/ Starz Cancels ‘Magic City’ After Two Seasons] ''Variety''. 5 August 2013</ref> Ka 2014, Marais o ne a tshameka mo tlhagisong e ntšha ya [[Così]] e e neng ya dirwa ke mokwadi wa drama wa Mo-Australia e bong [[Louis Nowra]] mme e ne ya kaelwa ke [[David Berthold]] kwa [[La Boite Theatre Building]] kwa [[Brisbane]].<ref>[https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/theatre/packed-to-the-rafters-stars-to-perform-at-la-boite-theatre-20131203-2yola.html Packed to the Rafters stars to perform at La Boite theatre] ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. 4 December 2013</ref> Natalie Bochenski o ne a akgola Marais mo tlhatlhobong ya gagwe ya ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'': "O naya Julie bokoa kwantle ga go mo tlhotlheletsa thata, mme gape o dira gore moanelwa wa gagwe wa bobedi, kgarebe ya ga Lewis e e itshiamang e bong Lucy e nne le seabe se segolo."<ref>[[Cosi review: There's method in the madness at La Boite]] ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. 14 February 2014</ref> Morago ga go boela kwa Australia, Marais o ne a tshameka karolo ya moitlosobodutu wa Australia yo o fetotseng bong le molweladitshwanelo [[Carlotta]] mo [[filiming ya botshelo jwa gagwe]] ya [[ABCTV Australia]].<ref>[https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/jessica-marais-steps-into-carlottas-big-shoes/news-story/7111838a12e64137ec3eba41ac8ebde2?nk=f3c0d27383f43d5cf1447bb4ffbdbdb2-1737457985 "Jessica Marais steps into Carlotta's big shoes"]. ''News.com.au''. 9 May 2013. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Pontsho ya yone ya ntlha lefatshe ka bophara e ne e le ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le boferabongwe 2014. E ne e le pontsho ya No. 10 ya bosigo joo, mme mo lefatsheng lotlhe e ne ya fenya nako ya yone ka babogedi ba le 811,000.<ref>[http://www.tvtonight.com.au/2014/06/thursday-19-june-2014.html "Ratings 19 June 2014"]. tvtonight.com.au.</ref> Gape ka 2014, Marais o ne a na le seabe se segolo mo thulaganyong ya ''[[Love Child]]'' ya [[Channel Nine]], koo a neng a tshameka karolo ya moanelwa Dr Joan Millar. Fa e sa le foo o ne a tlhagelela mo dipakeng tsotlhe tse nne tsa pontsho e. Fa e sale ka 2016, Marais o ne a na le seabe se segolo mo drameng ya [[Channel Ten]] ya ''[[The Wrong Girl]]''. Marais o ne a tlhophelwa go bona Logie ya Gauta mo [[Dietseleng tsa Logie tsa 2017]] le [[Dietsele tsa Logie tsa 2018]]. Marais ka 2018 o ne a emisa go diragatsa mme a ikgogela morago mo ''[[Halifax: Retribution]]'' ya Channel 9 le Amazon ya ''[[Back to the Rafters]]'' ka ntlha ya mabaka a gagwe.<ref>[https://www.thenewdaily.com.au/entertainment/tv/2018/09/17/jessica-marais-health-year-off "Jessica Marais leaves acting over health fears"]. ''www.thenewdaily.com.au''. 17 September 2018.</ref><ref>Knox, David (11 February 2020). [https://tvtonight.com.au/2020/02/jessica-marais-out-of-rafters-revival.html "Jessica Marais out of Rafters revival | TV Tonight"]. ''TV Tonight''. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref><ref>Knox, David (16 September 2019). [https://tvtonight.com.au/2019/09/jessica-marais-drops-out-of-halifax-retribution.html "Jessica Marais drops out of Halifax: Retribution | TV Tonight"]. ''TV Tonight''. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> O senola e ne ya dira gore a nne le bolwetse jwa [[kwelotlase ya maikutlo]] le jwa [[go fetofetoga maikutlo]].<ref>[https://www.newidea.com.au/celebrity/australian-celebrities/jess-marais-family/ "Jess Marais opens up about mental health issues"]. ''New Idea''. 15 January 2023.</ref> Go tlhagelela ga gagwe ga bosheng mo screen e ne e le mo filiming ya 2020, ''[[Chasing Wonders]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251207072803/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/the-screen-guide/t/chasing-wonders-2020/33094 Chasing Wonders] ''Screen Australia''. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Marais o ne a beeleditswe ke naletsana-ka-ene ya pele ya ''[[Packed to the Rafters]]'' e bong [[James Stewart]] ka 2009.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140715035042/https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/new-idea/news/star-watch/article/-/8159748/jessica-marais-and-james-stewart-are-engaged/ "Jessica Marais and James Stewart are engaged!"]. [[:en:New_Idea|New Idea]]. 19 October 2010. Archived from [http://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/new-idea/news/star-watch/article/-/8159748/jessica-marais-and-james-stewart-are-engaged/ the original] on 15 July 2014. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka Motsheganong 2015 Marais o ne a itsise gore ene le Stewart ba ne ba fedisitse peeletso ya bone ya dingwaga di le tlhano ka kagiso.<ref>Neal, Alicia (20 May 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150525190604/https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/who/latest-news/a/28139369/jessica-marais-and-james-stewart-split/ "Jessica Marais and James Stewart Split"]. ''[[:en:Who_(magazine)|Who]]''. Archived from [https://au.lifestyle.yahoo.com/who/latest-news/a/28139369/jessica-marais-and-james-stewart-split/ the original] on 25 May 2015. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref> Marais le Stewart ba na le ngwana a le mongwe. Marais o ne a begwa a re o tla boela tirong go gatisa motseletsele wa bobedi wa ''[[Magic City]]'' fa Stewart ene e tla bo e le motlhokomedi wa lesea ka nako e e tletseng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121121091036/http://www.mamamia.com.au/entertainment/celeb-news-jessica-marais-james-stewart-welcome-a-baby-daughte/ "Celeb news: First pics of Jess Marais' baby girl"]. ''Mamamia.com.au''. 17 May 2012. Retrieved 30 Lwetse 2025.</ref><ref>Idea, New (9 August 2024). [https://www.newidea.com.au/celebrity/james-stewart-daughter/ "Inside the sweet bond between James Stewart and his daughter"]. ''New Idea''.</ref> Fa e sale ka 2020, Marais o ne a bereka kwa khefing kwa Sydney.<ref>Staff Writer. [https://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity-life/celebrity-photos/australian-actress-jessica-marais-spotted-working-at-sydney-cafe/news-story/be1d4f5e3b26fe1f7f63bd040eeea04a "Jessica Marais seen working at Sydney Cafe"]. ''news.com.au''.</ref> Mmaagwe e bong Karen o ne a tlhokafala ka 2020.<ref>[https://thewest.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/jessica-marais-mourning-death-of-mother-karen-as-actor-hugh-sheridan-offers-support-ng-b881635373z Jessica Marais mourning death of mother Karen as actor Hugh Sheridan offers support] ''The West Australian''. 11 August 2020</ref> Marais o ne a fudugela kwa [[Perth]] ka 2022. O nna kwa [[Mosman Park]], ka a ne a fudugela kwa legaeng la ga mmaagwe yo o tlhokafetseng.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-au/entertainment/news/where-is-jessica-marais-now-her-new-lowkey-life-in-perth/ar-BB1h2AG1 Where is Jessica Marais now? Her new lowkey life in Perth ''Woman's Day'']. 29 January 2024</ref> Marais o sa ntse a na le lelwapa le le nnang kwa Aforika Borwa kwa a tsholetsweng gone, le a le etelang. Lelwapa la gagwe le nna kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Durban]] le go kgabaganya molelwane kwa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == q9cpbphadfytgmjzn5yen4txp3jrlpl 0 11450 49726 45755 2026-05-02T10:26:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Molaomotheo wa Botswana''' o simolotse ka Lwetse a le masome a mararo, 1966.<ref>"Botswana : Constitution and politics | The Commonwealth". ''thecommonwealth.org''.</ref> == Kwa morago == Pele ga puso ya bokolone e tlhongwa mo Botswana, molaomotheo wa setso – setlhopha sa melao e e itsiweng jaaka ''molao'' – o ne o dirisiwa ke dikgosi tsa merafe, kgotsa [[Kgosi|diKgosi]], tsa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|batho ba Botswana]].<ref>Mafela, Lily (2007-12-15). "Batswana Women and Law". ''Cahiers d'études africaines''. '''47''' (187–188): 523–566. [[doi]]:[[doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.7962|10.4000/etudesafricaines.7962]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-0055 0008-0055].</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa [[Bechuanaland|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]], bangwe ba e seng ba Botswana le bone ba ne ba tla go busiwa ke melao e.<ref>Griffiths, J.E.S. (1970). [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980765 40980765] "A Note on Local Government in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''2''': 64–70</ref> Batsamaisi ba Protectorate ba ne ba boloka dikarolo, le fa e se tsotlhe, tsa molaomotheo ono wa setso; bontsi jwa yone bo fedile gompieno.<ref>Woolrych, Austin (1990). "The Cromwellian Protectorate: A Military Dictatorship?". ''History''. '''75''': 207–231.</ref> Ka 1959, Komiti ya Molaomotheo ya Lekgotla le le Kopanetsweng la Bogakolodi e ne ya thala molaomotheo wa ntlha wa semmuso wa Protectorate, o o neng wa simolola go dira ka 1960.<ref name=":0">Barry, Morton. ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Ramsay, Jeff, Based on (work): Morton, Fred, (5th ed.). Lanham, Maryland. ISBN 9781538111321. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [[oclc:1037884220|1037884220]].</ref> Ka 1963 go ne ga simolola ditherisano tsa molaomotheo wa bobedi o o neng o tla naya puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":0" /> [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1965]] di ne tsa tshwarwa ka fa tlase ga molaomotheo ono, o o neng o tshwantshediwa ke [[tsamaiso ya Westminster]] ya [[puso ya batho ka batho ya palamente]]: go ne go na le lekgotla la peomolao la kamore e le nngwe; tona-kgolo le kabinete ya ditona di le tlhano tse di nang le maikarabelo mo lekgotleng la peomolao; le [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] e e nang le therisano fela.<ref name=":0" /> Fa Botswana e ne e bona boipuso jo bo tletseng ka Lwetse a le masome mararo 1966, tonakgolo e ne ya emisediwa ka tautona yo o neng a tlhophilwe ke lekgotla la peomolao (e e neng ya bidiwa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khuduthamaga ya Botswana]]), mme ya newa dithata tsa bokhuduthamaga.<ref>Sebudubudu, David (December 2011). "Wealth Sharing for Conflict Prevention and Economic Growth: Botswana Case Study of Natural Resource Utilization For Peace and Development". ''University of Botswana''.</ref> Motseletsele wa diphetogo tse di dirilweng moragonyana tsa Molaomotheo o okeditse palo ya maloko a a tlhophilweng a Khuduthamaga ya Botswana le bogolo jwa Ntlo ya Dikgosi. Diphetogo tse dingwe tsa molaomotheo di dirilwe ka 1994 le 1997.<ref>Poteete, Amy. (2018). Renegotiation of Executive Powers and Executive–Legislative Relations in Botswana.</ref> == Popego == Molaomotheo o kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo di ferabongwe, nngwe le nngwe e tlhalosa ka botlalo dikarolo tse di rileng jaaka ditshwanelo tsa motho ka bongwe le go abela dithata tsa khuduthamaga.<ref name=":1">[https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana_2002?lang=en "Botswana 1966 (rev. 2002)"]. ''Constitute''. Retrieved 22 Phalane 2025.</ref> # Rephaboliki # Tshireletso ya Ditshwanelo tsa Motheo le Dikgololesego tsa Motho # Boagi # Khuduthamaga # Palamente # Boatlhodi # Tirelosetšhaba # Madi # Tsele le tsele === Rephaboliki === Karolo e e itsise gore Botswana ke setšhaba se se ikemetseng ga mmogo le go tlhalosa sekano sa setšhaba.<ref name=":1" /> === Tshireletso ya Ditshwanelo tsa Motheo le Dikgololesego tsa Motho === Karolo eno e tlhalosa ditshwanelo tsa baagi. E simolola ka go bolela gore mongwe le mongwe o netefaleditswe ditshwanelo go sa kgathalesege gore ke wa morafe ofe, wa tumelo efe kgotsa wa bong bofe. Ditshwanelo di ka tsela e e latelang: "(a) botshelo, kgololesego, tshireletsego ya motho le tshireletso ya molao; (b) kgololesego ya segakolodi, ya go tlhagisa maikutlo le ya go kokoana le go kopana; le (c) tshireletso ya sephiri sa legae la gagwe le dithoto tse dingwe le go amogwa dithoto kwa ntle ga pusetso ya maikaelelo a, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tseo go ikaegilwe ka ditekanyetso tsa tshireletso eo jaaka di le mo dipeelong tseo, e le ditekanyetso tse di diretsweng go netefatsa gore go itumelela ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tse di umakilweng ke motho mongwe le mongwe ga go kgoreletse ditshwanelo le dikgololesego tsa batho ba bangwe kgotsa dikgatlhego tsa setšhaba. === Khuduthamaga === Karolo e e tlhalosa lekala la khuduthamaga le le akaretsang Tautona, Mothusa Tautona, le Kabinete.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Tautona ==== Tautona ke mokhuduthamaga yo mogolo wa puso. Tautona o tlhophiwa go nna tautona ke maloko a Kokoano Bosetšhaba. Maloko ano a bolela mo pampiring ya ditlhopho gore ba tla tshegetsa mang go nna Tautona fa ba ka tlhophiwa, mme morago ga go tlhophiwa kwa Khuduthamageng ya Botswana ba tlhopha ope fela yo ba supileng fa ba tla mo tlhopha go nna Tautona. Tautona o na le ditlhokego tse di latelang: (a) ke moagi wa Botswana ka botsalo kgotsa lotso; (b) a fitlheletse dingwaga di le masome mararo; le (c) a tshwanelega go tlhophiwa jaaka Leloko la Khuduthamaga ya Botswana. Paka ya boTautona e lekanyeditswe go fitlha go dingwaga di le lesome, kgotsa gore Tautona o nne lobaka lo lo kana kang mo Khuduthamageng ya Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> Thata ya khuduthamaga ya Botswana e mo go Tautona fela. Tautona gape ke molaodi wa sesole. Tautona gape o na le dithata tsa go itshwarela motho yo o bonweng molato wa bosenyi.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Mothusa-Tautona ==== Mothusa Tautona o tlhophiwa ke Tautona go tswa mo malokong a Khuduthamaga ya Botswana. Mothusa Tautona o tsaya marapo a ga Tautona fa Tautona a sa kgone go diragatsa ditiro tsa gagwe e ka nna ka ntlha ya bolwetse, loso, kgotsa mabaka a mangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Mothusa Tautona ke wa bobedi mo taolong ya ga Tautona mme o diragatsa ditiro tsa ga Tautona.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Kabinete ==== Kabinete eno e bopilwe ke Tautona, Mothusa Tautona le matona a a sa feteng thataro tse di tlhomilweng ke Tautona go tswa kwa Khuduthamageng ya Botswana. Matona a a mo Kabineteng a na le maikarabelo a go gakolola Tautona mabapi le melawana ya puso.<ref name=":1" /> === Palamente === Karolo e e tlhalosa bobedi jwa Khuduthamaga ya Botswana mmogo le Ntlo ya Dikgosi tse mmogo di bopang Palamente ya Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Khuduthamaga ya Botswana ==== Palamente e na le Tautona le Khuduthamaga ya Botswana. Tautona ke leloko le le nang le ditlhopho la Khuduthamaga. Go na le maloko a mangwe a le masome matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng a Khuduthamaga. Gape go na le sebui sa Khuduthamaga se se tlhophiwang ke maloko a Khuduthamaga, mme ga go tlhokege gore e nne leloko la Khuduthamaga ka boene. Gape go na le mothusa sebui se se tlhophilweng ke Khuduthamaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ka tatelano gore motho a tshwanelege go nna leloko la Khuduthamaga o tshwanetse go: nna moagi wa Botswana, a bo a na le dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi, a ikwadisitse go tlhopha, e bile a itse go bua le go bala ka Seesemane. Go na le maemo a mantsi a a dirang gore leloko le se ka la tshwanelega, bontsi jwa one a amana le go ikanyega mo mafatsheng a mangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Lefatshe la Botswana le kgaogantswe ka dipalo tsa dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tse ba nang le maloko a palamente gore kgaolo nngwe le nngwe e romele leloko le le lengwe kwa Khuduthamageng. Batho ba Botswana ba tshwanelwa ke go tlhopha fa ba le: lesome le boferabobedi, baagi, mme ba ntse mo Botswana dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi ka go latelana.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Ntlo ya Dikgosi ==== Mo godimo ga palamente, Botswana gape o na le [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]]. Ntlo ya Dikgosi e dira jaaka lekgotla le le gakololang Palamente ya Botswana. E na le maloko a le masome mararo le boraro go ya go a le masome mararo le botlhano. Gore motho a tshwanelege go nna leloko o tshwanetse go nna le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le motso e bile e le moagi. Go na le maemo a a tshwanang a a kgaolang setheo seno jaaka go na le a [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khuduthamaga]]. Leloko le tlhomiwa dipaka tsa dingwaga di le tlhano. Ga go leloko lepe le le ka tsayang karolo mo dipolotiking tsa lekoko, mme maloko a le mantsi ke dikgosi tsa merafe. Setlhopha seno ga se na maatla a go dira melao, go akaretsa le maatla a go amogela kgotsa a go thibela, go na le moo ba gakolola Palamente ka ga melaokakanyetso le dikgato. Maatla a setheo se nang le one ke go bitsa maloko a puso go tlhagelela fa pele ga sone.<ref name=":1" /> === Boatlhodi === Karolo e e tlhalosa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa boatlhodi mo Botswana go akaretsa Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo, le Khomišene ya Tirelo ya Boatlhodi.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko ==== Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana e dira jaaka motswedi o o kwa godimo wa semolao, o mo go ona kgotlatshekelo e nang le taolo e e senang selekanyo ya tshimologo ya go reetsa dikgetsi dipe fela. Kgotlakgolo e na le [[Moatlhodimogolo]] mmogo le baatlhodi ba bangwe ba le mmalwa, ba mo go bone palo e laolwang ke Palamente. Moatlhodimogolo o tlhomiwa ke Tautona, mmogo le Baatlhodi ba bangwe botlhe mme bano ba ka gakololwa Tautona ke Palamente. Gore motho a tshwanelege go nna moatlhodi mo kgotlatshekelong e o tshwanetse a bo a nnile moatlhodi, a nnile mmueledi, a nnile moporofesa wa molao yo o nang le dithuto tsa molao, kgotsa a nnile Mmakaseterata yo Mogolo. Go tlhomiwa mo kgotlatshekelong e ke go fitlha motho a fitlha dingwaga di le masome a supa. Lebaka le lengwe fela le le ka dirang gore moatlhodi a tswe mo kgotlakgolong ya ditsheko ke fa Palamente e swetsa gore motho ga a tlhole a kgona go dira ditiro tsa gagwe sentle.<ref name=":1" /> Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko e na le dithata tsa go ranola molaomotheo. Fa go na le go sa dumalane ka tlhaloso epe, go sa dumalane moo go rarabololwa ke Kgotlakgolo ya Ditsheko.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ==== Kgotlatshekelo ya boikuelo e na le tshwanelo ya go reetsa kgetse nngwe le nngwe mo Botswana e mo go yone lekoko le lengwe le ikuetseng ka tshwetso e e bonweng. Kgotlatshekelo eno e na le [[Tautona wa Kgotlatshekelo]] ya boikuelo, baatlhodi ba bangwe ba le mmalwa, le Kgotlatshekelokgolo yotlhe. Fela jaaka Kgotlatshekelokgolo, Tautona o tlhomiwa ke Tautona fela jaaka baatlhodi ba bangwe, ka kgakololo ya Palamente. Gore motho a tshwanelege o tshwanetse a bo a ne a le moatlhodi, mmueledi kgotsa moporofesara wa molao. Jaaka go ntse ka Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko motho o tlhomiwa go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le masome a supa, fa e se fela fa Palamente e sa fitlhele a sa kgone ka nako ya fa a le mo tirong.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Kokoano ya Tirelo ya Boatlhodi ==== Kokoano ya Tirelo ya Boatlhodi e tlhamilwe go thusa go gakolola Tautona ka ga ditlhopho tsa boatlhodi. E na le Moatlhodimogolo, Tautona wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo, Mmueledi-mogolo, Modulasetilo wa Kokoano ya Tirelosetšhaba, leloko la Mokgatlho wa Molao le le tlhophilweng ke [[Mokgatlho wa Molao]], le motho yo o ikanyegang le a na le maitemogelo yo e seng modiri wa semolao yo o tlhomilweng ke Tautona.<ref name=":1" /> === Tirelosetšhaba === Karolo e e tlhalosa ka botlalo melao le melawana mabapi le tirelosetšhaba. Karolo e e bolela gore sengwe le sengwe se se sa tlhalosiwang mo molaomotheong kgotsa ka molao wa Palamente se tla nna ka fa tlase ga taolo ya ga Tautona. Gape go tla nna le Khuduthamaga ya Tirelo ya Setšhaba ya maloko a le mabedi go ya kwa go bone a a direlang dipaka tsa dingwaga di le tharo. Kokoano eno e reetsa boikuelo jotlhe jwa badiredipuso ba ba tlositsweng mo maemong a bone mme ba rata go boela kwa go one. Fa motho a sa dumalane le katlholo ya kokoano eno a ka ikuela ka tlhamalalo kwa go Tautona. Tautona o letleletswe go thapa kgotsa go tlosa batho go ya go kgotsa go tswa mo go: Moemedi, Moemedi Mogolo, Mokwaledi wa Kabinete, Mmueledikakaretso, Mokaedi wa Bosekisi jwa Setšhaba, Mokwaledi wa Leruri, Molaodi wa Sepodisi, le f. ofisi epe e nngwe ya maemo a a kwa godimo. Karolo eno gape e tlhoma dipeelo tse di ntšhwafadiwang tsa dingwaga di le tlhano tsa Mokaedi wa Botšhotšhisi jwa Setšhaba mmogo le go tlhoma tekanyetso ya dingwaga di le 60 tsa Mokaedi wa Bosekisi jwa Setšhaba le Modupi-Mogolo. Kwa bofelong, karolo e e sireletsa diphenšene tse di neng di le teng pele tsa batho ba ba amogelang diphenšene pele ga go tlhamiwa ga Molaomotheo.<ref name=":1" /> === Madi === Karolo eno e tlhalosa melao e e farologaneng ya tsa madi. E simolola ka go tlhoma Letlole la Kopanyo le mo go lone lotseno lotlhe lo lo dirilweng ke lefatshe lo tla kopanngwang go nna letlole le le lengwe. Palamente e laola tiriso ya letlole le. Matlole a tshoganyetso a ka tlhamiwa gape ke Palamente mo maemong a tshoganyetso gore go nne bonolo go dirisa matlole kwa ntle ga Letlole la Kopanyo. Go na le maemo a Modupi Mogolo a a arabelang dibuka tsa lefatshe.<ref name=":1" /> === Tsele le tsele === Karolo ya bofelo ya Molaomotheo e tlhalosa ka botlalo dikakanyo di le tharo tse dikgolo. Sa ntlha, e tlhoma thulaganyo ya gore modirelapuso a tlogele tiro ya gagwe. Sa bobedi, e bolela gore motho a ka tlhomiwa gape mo maemong a modirelapuso ntle le fa go sa letlelelwe ka tlhamalalo ke Molaomotheo kgotsa molao wa Palamente. Sa boraro, e tlhalosa dipolelwana tse di khutshwafaditsweng tse di dirisiwang jaaka "Kokoano" ya Khuduthamaga ya Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditshwaelo tsa barutegi tsa Molaomotheo == Le fa molaomotheo o ntse o tlhomame go ya ka go nna tokomane e e laolang, barutegi bangwe, go akaretsa [[Gretchen Bauer]], [[Druscilla Scribner]], [[John Holm]], ba nganga gore molaomotheo ga o sireletse [[basadi kgotsa batho ba ba kwa tlase]] ka mo go lekaneng.<ref name=":2">Holm, John D. "Botswana: A paternalistic democracy." ''World Affairs'' 150.1 (1987): 21–30.</ref><ref name=":3">Scribner, Druscilla, and Priscilla A. Lambert. "Constitutionalizing difference: A case study analysis of gender provisions in Botswana and South Africa." ''Politics & Gender'' 6.1 (2010): 37–61.</ref><ref name=":4">Bauer, Gretchen, and Jennie E. Burnet. "Gender quotas, democracy, and women's representation in Africa: Some insights from democratic Botswana and autocratic Rwanda." ''Women's Studies International Forum''. Vol. 41. Pergamon, 2013.</ref> Mo Botswana, go nnile le metsamao ya go leka go tlhoma [[dikarolo tsa bong]] mo molaomotheong, gore basadi ba kgone go gapa manno mo [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoanong Bosetšhaba]].<ref name=":4" /> Se ke ka ntlha ya thulaganyo ya ditlhopho ya [[kgaolo ya go feta pele ga morago]], e e dirang gore go nne thata gore basadi ba lekoko lengwe le lengwe ba fenye manno.<ref name=":4" /> Le fa maiteko a karolelano ya bong mo lefatsheng a sa atlege thata, barutegi bangwe ba nganga gore a supa gore molaomotheo o paletswe ke go arabela tlhokego ya dipeelo tsa molaotheo tse di sireletsang [[kemedi ya basadi]].<ref name=":4" /> Molaomotheo wa Botswana o itsege ka go sa tseye letlhakore mo go feteletseng mo go tsa bong, ka tshupiso e le nngwe fela ya bong mo tokomaneng yotlhe.<ref name=":3" /> Bangwe ba nganga gore seno se mosola jaaka go bontsha tekatekano ya bong; le fa go ntse jalo, ba bangwe ba supa go sa tseye letlhakore mono ga bong jaaka go amogela [[kgethololo]] ya ''de facto''.<ref name=":3" /> Ba ba ngangang ka se ba bolela gore basadi ba tshwanetse go lwela melao ka tsela e e sa siamang, ka gore ba tshwanetse go bona melao e e ba letlang go dira dilo tse di tshwanetseng gobo ba setse ba di neetswe mo molaomotheong.<ref name=":3" /> Kganetso e nngwe ya molaomotheo ke gore o kwadilwe ke lekoko le le neng le busa.<ref name=":2" /> Lekoko la [[Botswana Democratic Party|Bechuanaland Democratic party]] (BDP) le tlhomilwe ke [[Seretse Khama]] pele Botswana e nna [[setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi]], mme fa e sale lefatshe le bona boipuso BDP e ntse e le lone fela lekoko le le busang le le nosi (go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2024), le fa le tlhophilwe ka [[ditlhopho tsa puso ya batho ka batho]].<ref name=":2" /> Ka ntlha ya puso e e tswelelang ya lekoko le le lengwe leno, ba le bantsi ba tshaba gore molaomtheo o o leng teng o tsaya batlhophi letlhakore le le sa siamang mo lekokong le baemanokeng ba lone. Se gape se dirile gore go tshwaiwe diphoso ka ga [[kgotlhang ya maemo le merafe]].<ref name=":2" /> Bangwe ba akgola molaomotheo ka ntlha ya go letlelela kgaisano ya sepolotiki.<ref name=":5">Solway, Jacqueline S. "Navigating the neutral state: Minority rights in Botswana." ''Journal of Southern African Studies'' 28.4 (2002): 711–729.</ref> Ka ntlha ya fa [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano Bosetšhaba]] e tlhophiwa ka puso ya batho ka batho ke batho, e letla gore go nne le [[kemedi ya batho ba le mmalwa]] mo Kokoanong.<ref name=":5" /> Se se botlhokwa ka gonne mantswe a batho ba ba kwa tlase a ka fitlhega mo [[dithulaganyong dingwe tsa ditlhopho]], mme bangwe ba gatelela gore molaomotheo wa Botswana o sireletsa mantswe a batho ba ba kwa tlase.<ref name=":5" /> Kgang e nngwe e barutegi bangwe ba e dirang ke ka ga maatla a ga [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]].<ref name=":6">Molomo, Mpho G. "Democracy under siege: the Presidency and executive powers in Botswana." (2000).</ref> Molaomotheo o baya maatla a mantsi mo maemong a ga Tautona, mme ka lefatshe le nnile le lekoko le le lengwe fela le le busang ga go na [[ditlhotlhomiso]] tse dintsi tsa gore ke mang yo o nnang Tautona le gore ke mang yo o kgonang go gakolola le go dumela ditiro dingwe tsa ga Tautona.<ref name=":6" /> Se se dirile gore barutegi bangwe ba kope gore [[go tlhophiwe Tautona ka tlhamalalo]] gore Tautona a rwale maikarabelo a mantsi ke batho mmogo le ke [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Kokoano Bosetšhaba]].<ref name=":6" /> Kganetso e nngwe ke tsela e molaomotheo o tshwarang [[merafe]] le [[molao wa merafe]] ka yone.<ref name=":7">Nyati-Ramahobo, Lydia. "From a phone call to the high court: Wayeyi visibility and the Kamanakao Association's campaign for linguistic and cultural rights in Botswana." ''Journal of Southern African Studies'' 28.4 (2002): 685–709.</ref> Molaomotheo o tshegetsa tsamaiso ya merafe, go akaretsa le [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|Ntlo ya Dikgosi]] kgotsa setlhopha sa bagakolodi ba merafe; le fa go ntse jalo, bangwe ba bolela gore seno se rata merafe e e maatla ka tsela e e sa siamang go tlogela merafe e mennye gore e busiwe ke setlhopha se se sa emeleng dikgatlhego tsa bone.<ref name=":7" /> Kgang e e bolela gore molaomotheo o tshwanetse go baakanngwa go akaretsa tsela e e bonolo le e e siameng ya go kgaoganya maatla mo merafeng, segolobogolo ka gonne dikgaogano tsa ga jaana di tlhodilwe le molaomotheo ka 1966.<ref name=":7" /> [[Jacqueline Solway]], [[Mpho Molomo]], le [[Lydia Nyati-Ramahobo]], gareng ga barutegi ba bangwe, ba akgola molaomotheo wa Botswana ka go bo o gatetse pele thata mo nakong ya one mo maitekong a one a go nna le [[tekatekano ya bong le ya batho ba ba kwa tlase]]; le fa go ntse jalo, go na le barutegi ba ba reng Molaomotheo o tlhoka tiro e e botlhokwa gore o kgone go lekalekana le go nna tshiamo.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> == Metswedi == <references /> == Tse di kwa ntle == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110930065523/http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/ Constitution of Botswana in English] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250805061157/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?id=586&Itemid=540&option=com_content&view=article "Home"]. ''www.parliament.gov.bw''. [[Karolo:Dipolotiki tsa Botswana]] jjnzuusjkh5hwjderknrd5lxp8ga63k 0 11618 49719 44677 2026-05-02T05:09:34Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Fikile Mthwalo|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1989|4|13|df=yes}}|birth_place=[[Maseru]], [[Lesotho]]|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|alma mater=[[University of Cape Town]] (B.A.)<br>[[New York University Tisch School of the Arts]] (M.F.A.)|occupation=Actor, script writer, TV presenter, entrepreneur|years active=1998–present}} '''Fikile Mthwalo''' (o tshotswe Moranang a le lesome le boraro 1989), ke [[modiragatsi]] wa [[Aforika Borwa]] yo o tsholetsweng kwa [[Lesotho]], [[mokwadi wa difilimi]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211122151547/https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=17252 "Fikile Mthwalo bio"]. ''tvsa''. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> le mogwebi. O tumile thata ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo difiliming tse di tumileng tsa ''It's Complicated'',<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211202063620/https://mzansimagic.dstv.com/show/it-s-complicated "It's Complicated"]. ''Mzansi Magic''. DSTV Mzansi Magic. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> ''[[Isidingo]]'' le ''Gold Diggers''<ref>[https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshow.aspx?showid=3272 "Gold Diggers"]. ''TVSA''. TVSA. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/truelove/Archive/4-things-we-learned-about-fikile-mthwalo-kani-20170728 "4 things we learned about Fikile Mthwalo-Kani"]. ''news24''. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == O tshotswe Moranang a le lesome le boraro 1989 kwa Lesotho ke rre wa [[Mosotho]] le mme wa [[Mokenya]]/[[Motanzania]].<ref name=":1">[https://okmzansi.co.za/6-things-didnt-know-fikile-mthwalo/ "8 Things You Didn't Know About Fikile Mthwalo"]. okmzansi. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> O na le monnawe yo mmotlana yo o nnang kwa [[Cape Town]]. Go tloga ka 2001 go fitlha ka 2005, o ne a tsena sekolo kwa kholetšheng ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Machabeng e e kwa [[Maseru]]. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa [[Bloemfontein]], Aforika Borwa mme a wetsa Matric ka 2007, kwa Sekolong sa Basetsana sa St Michael. Ka 2009, o ne a tsenelela Yunibesithi ya Motsekapa mme a aloga ka Dikirii ya Bodiragatsi ya go Tlhagisa Difilimi le Ditshwantsho tsa motshikhinyego.<ref name=":0">[https://briefly.co.za/42113-fikile-mthwalo-bio-age-pregnancy-hubby-alleged-separation-pictures-instagram.html "Fikile Mthwalo career"]. ''briefly''. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> O nyalane le modiragatsi-ka-ene wa Aforikaborwa [[Atandwa Kani]] ka Sedimonthole 2015.<ref>[https://www.all4women.co.za/1854587/celebs/did-fikile-and-atandwa-kani-break-up "Did Fikile and Atandwa Kani break up?"]. ''www.all4women.co.za''. All 4 Women. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> O kopane le Kani ka nako ya motseletsele wa thelebišene kwa ba neng ba beeletsana le go nyalana ngwaga morago ga moo.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/drum/News/i-am-atandwas-first-wife-fikile-mthwalo-kani-20170728 ""I am Atandwa's first wife" - Fikile Mthwalo-Kani"]. ''news24''. 27 November 2020. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ba ne ba rulaganya [[Lobola|lobolo]] lwa lenyalo la bone la setso morago ga lenyalo la bone. Atandwa ke morwadi wa ga [[John Kani]] le Mandi Kani.<ref name=":0" /> Fikile le Atandwa ba kgaogane ka 2019 mme ba tlhalana ka kagiso ka 2023 go ikaegilwe ka dipharologano tse di sa kgoneng go letlanngwang. == Tiro == O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ya bodiragatsi mo setoring se se tumileng sa ''[[Isidingo]]''. O ne a nna mongwe wa ba ba kwa godimo ba le masome mabedi le bone ba ba neng ba fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng mo 'Patlong ya Mogasi wa O Access' e e neng ya gasiwa mo [[Channel O]]. Ka 2015, o ne a dira karolo ya gagwe ya ntlha ya go etelela pele mo thelebisheneng ka go tshameka karolo ya 'Ipeleng' mo motseletseleng wa ''It’s Complicated''. Ntle le moo, o ile a kopanela le dipapatso tse di mmalwa tsa thelebishene tse di akaretsang Metropolitan, PEP, Omo, Shoprite, Etiselat Nigeria, Ponds, Hi-Malt Nigeria le Nivea UK. O ne a tlhagelela mo filiming ya thelebišene ya ''Gold Diggers'' kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya 'Hlengiwe' gone.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ga jaanong jaana Fikile o fetsa bontsi jwa nako ya gagwe kwa [[New York]] le kwa [[Los Angeles]]. == Thuto == Fikile o amogetse dikirii ya gagwe ya ntlha ya go tlhagisa difilimi le ditshwantsho tsa motshekhinyego kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cape Town]] (UCT), kwa a alogileng gone ka tlotlo ka 2012. Ka 2015 o ne a newa thuso e e feletseng ya go tsenelela Lenaneo la Dialogane la go Diragatsa la Yunibesithi ya New York. Ka 2018 o ne a aloga ka Masters wa Fine Arts mo bodiragatsing. == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] ewp5zxvj3bvwj85vnhmn8d41ibjx754 0 11717 49723 44412 2026-05-02T07:26:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Kaneez Surka|image=File:XdtlSbNj.jpg large.jpg|image caption=Kaneez in 2018|birth_place=[[Mthatha]], [[South Africa]]|nationality=[[South Africans|South African]]|alma mater=[[Rhodes University]]|years active=2006–present|notable works=''[[The Week That Wasn't]]''<br />''The General Fun Game Show''<br />''[[All India Bakchod]]''<br />''[[Comicstaan]]''|website={{twitter|kaneezsurka}}}} '''Kaneez Surka''' ke motaki wa improv wa Aforika Borwa, modiragatsi, mmametlae le modiri wa [[YouTube]], yo o nnang kwa India. O simolotse tiro ya gagwe ka pontsho ya ''[[The Week That Wasn't]]''.<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/people-find-it-easily-digestible-when-guys-are-a-little-crude-comedian-kaneez-surka/story-BwrFZth9a6Dsc8RwXwRilK.html "People find it easily digestible when guys are a little crude: Comedian Kaneez Surka"]. ''Hindustan Times''. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaneez-surka-aib-amazon-prime-video-5172736/ "Kaneez Surka on stand-up, multiculturalism and political humour"]. ''The Indian Express''. 13 May 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/kaneez-surka-im-scared-to-do-stand-up-comedy/19633162 "Kaneez Surka: I m scared to do stand-up comedy"]. ''mid-day''. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331025156/http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784 "From #MeToo to Bolly humour: Kaneez Surka takes our really random rapid fire"]. ''t2online.com''. Archived from [http://t2online.com/lifestyle/from-metoo-to-bolly-humour-kaneez-surka-really-random-rapid-fire/cid/18784 the original] on 31 March 2019. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/watch-mallika-dua-kaneez-surka-reprise-roles-in-aibs-if-apps-were-people-2-4124807.html "Watch: Mallika Dua, Kaneez Surka reprise roles in AIB's If Apps Were People 2"]. ''Firstpost''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> O diragaditse mo dipolatefomong tse di farologaneng tsa go ema.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180815232842/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/comedienne-kaneez-surka-hosts-three-popular-guests-in-her-game-show/19446155 "Comedienne Kaneez Surka hosts Sapan Verma, Sahil Shah and RJ Malishka in her game show"]. ''mid-day''. 22 May 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> E ne e le moatlhodi mo dipakeng tse pedi tsa ntlha tsa pontsho ya metlae ya [[Amazon Prime Video]] ya [[Comicstaan]].<ref>[https://businessofcinema.com/bollywood_news/comicstaans-latest-episode-focuses-on-kaneez-surkas-improv-round/424196 "Comicstaan's Latest Episode Focuses On Kaneez Surka's Improv Round!"]. ''Businessofcinema.com''. 24 July 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/hot-on-web/amazon-prime-video-comicstaan-review-the-future-is-pretty-funny "'Comicstaan' Review: The Future Looks Pretty Funny"]. ''The Quint''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Gape o tshwara pontsho ya metshameko ya metlae ya mo maranyaneng,''The General Fun Game Show'' mo [[YouTube]].<ref>[https://www.mid-day.com/articles/youtube-series-comedians-books-reading-the-botcast-books-on-toast/18071158 "Comedians talk about books they read in new YouTube series"]. ''mid-day''. 14 March 2017. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/things-to-do/things-to-do-in-mumbai-today/articleshow/65409027.cms "Things to do in Mumbai today"]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Kaneez Surka o tshotswe le go godisediwa kwa [[Mthatha]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. O ithutile kwa [[DSG]], kwa Sekolong sa Graham mme a tsena kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Rhodes]], kwa a neng a bona Bachelor of Arts mo molaong le mo thutong ya tlhaloganyo gone.<ref name=":1">Kale, Arun (26 August 2014). [http://astray.in/interviews/kaneez-surka "Kaneez Surka"]. ''Astray''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka morafe wa [[Gujarati]], Kaneez Surka o tsholetswe mo lelapeng la MaMuslim le le tswang kwa [[Kapadvanj]], se se neng sa mo letla go nna le tlhaloganyo e e tseneletseng ya ditso le ditumelo tse di farologaneng.<ref>Vadgama, Arpita (19 November 2016). [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/kaneez-surka-interview/articleshow/55512738.cms "I want to explore story-telling: Kaneez Surka".] ''The Times of India''. [https://archive.today/20210712233001/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/theatre/kaneez-surka-interview/articleshow/55512738.cms Archived] from the original on 12 July 2021.</ref> == Tiro == Surka e ne e le karolo ya lefelo la improv la Mumbai fa e sale ka 2009.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Mumbai e ne e le le setlhopha sa Imps sa ga Divya Palat.<ref name=":1" /> Surka e ne e le mokaedi-mmogo wa setlhopha sa go anela dikgang e e kwa Mumbai ya "Tall Tales"<ref>Gianani, Kareena (19 May 2013). [https://www.mid-day.com/articles/tell-stories-at-tall-tales-mumbais-newest-storytelling-club/214135 "Tell stories at Tall Tales, Mumbai's newest storytelling club"]. ''Mid Day''.</ref> ka 2013. O ne a fitlhelela go tuma mo pontshong ya dikgang tsa tshotlo ya ''The Week That Wasn't''<ref>[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/small-talk-the-improv-lady/articleshow/58556388.cms "Small talk: The improv lady"]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> mo [[CNN-News18]] (e e kileng ya bo e le CNN-IBN). O ne gape a dira le Weirdass Comedy, e leng kgwebo ya [[Vir Das]] mme morago a simolola go dirisana le<ref>Singh, Jasmine (26 July 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180909222008/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/nothing-half-baked-about-it/111262.html "Nothing half-baked about it"]. ''The Tribune''. Archived from [https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/life-style/nothing-half-baked-about-it/111262.html the original] on 9 September 2018. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> le go tlhagelela mo ditshwantshong tsa motshikhinyego di le mmalwa tsa [[All India Bakchod]] go akaretsa le dikarolo tse di jaaka Clitika go tswa mo 'A woman's besties', 'Honest wedding', 'Honest Bars' le moanelwa wa Instagram go tswa mo 'If Apps were people'. Gape e ne e le moatlhodi wa dipontsho tse di jaaka [[Comicstaan]]<ref>[https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/comicstaan-tanmay-bhat-kanan-gill-kaneez-surka-on-amazons-upcoming-show-and-all-things-comedy-4646661.html "Comictaan"]. ''firstpost''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> le 'Improv All Stars' ya [[Amazon Prime]] le [[Queens of Comedy]]<ref>[https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/richa-chadha-rohan-joshi-and-kaneez-surka-roped-in-to-judge-queens-of-comedy/articleshow/59673869.cms "Queens Of Comedy"]. ''Mumbai Mirror''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> ya TLC. Surka ke karolo ya setlhopha sa go itlhamela se se bidiwang "The Improvers"<ref>Singh, Anvita (13 May 2018). [https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/kaneez-surka-aib-amazon-prime-video-5172736/ "Kaneez Surka on stand-up, multiculturalism and political humour"]. ''The Indian Express''. Retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> mmogo le [[Abish Mathew]], [[Kanan Gill]], le [[Kenny Sebastian]], mme o na le setlhogo se se kgethegileng sa Improv se se bidiwang <nowiki>'Something From Nothing''</nowiki> mo [[Videong ya Amazon Prime]]. Gape o ruta bodiragatsi jwa metlae ya improv, a supa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa metlae ka go nna moatlhodi mo pontshong ya metlae ya [[Amazon Prime]] ya [[Comicstaan]].<ref name=":1" /> == Bodiragatsi == === Maranyane === {| class="wikitable" |005 |Film |[[Dosti: Friends Forever]] |Debut Film (Kareena Kapoor's Date.Time stamp from 01:49:30 to 01:51:25) |2014 |TV series |The Living Room | |- |2015-2016 |YouTube |AIB Honest Series |AIB: Honest Bars & Restaurants Part 1, 2, 3 AIB: Honest Indian Weddings Part 1, 2 |- |2016 |TV series |Better Life Foundation |Plays Vashma Chandi (1 episode |2021 |[[Netflix]] |[[Comedy Premium League]] |Stand-up comedy |- |2017 |YouTube Series |Son of Abish |Season 3 with [[Swara Bhaskar]] (Episode 7)<ref name=":0">Abish Mathew (24 November 2017), ''[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quAWroEKQUI Son Of Abish feat. Kaneez Surka & Swara Bhaskar]'', retrieved 29 Phalane 2025.</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 | rowspan="3" |[[Amazon Prime]] |The Improvisers: Something from Nothing |Herself |- |The Living Room | |- |[[Comicstaan]] Season 1 |Herself - Judge |- |2015-2016 |YouTube |AIB Honest Series |AIB: Honest Bars & Restaurants Part 1, 2, 3 AIB: Honest Indian Weddings Part 1, 2 |- |2016 |TV series |Better Life Foundation |Plays Vashma Chandi (1 episode) |- |2017 |YouTube Series |Son of Abish |Season 3 with [[Swara Bhaskar]] (Episode 7)<ref name=":0" /> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 | rowspan="3" |[[Amazon Prime]] |The Improvisers: Something from Nothing |Herself |- |[[Comicstaan]] Season 2 |Herself - Judge |2005 |Film |[[Dosti: Friends Forever]] |Debut Film (Kareena Kapoor's Date.Time stamp from 01:49:30 to 01:51:25) |- |[[Comicstaan]] Season 1 |Herself - Judge |- |2019 |[[Amazon Prime]] |[[Comicstaan]] Season 2 |Herself - Judge |2020 |[[Netflix]] |[[Ladies up]] |Stand-up comedy |} == References == [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] 5tpgtxqyceqo95ve3094kkeay60rajx 0 11740 49727 48236 2026-05-02T10:38:23Z List of heads of state of Cameroon 12711 /* Ditlhopho tsa bosheng */ 49727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tautona wa Cameroon''' ke mopeteledipele wa puso ya Cameroon, gape ke molaola sesole sa [[Cameroon]]. Taolo ya lefatshe e tshwerwe ke tautona le palamente.<ref>''Constitution of the Republic of Cameroon'' ([https://web.archive.org/web/20051229035354/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/Cameroon.pdf English] and [https://www.prc.cm/en/ French] Archived 2006-02-28 at the Wayback Machine versions). 18 January 1996. Accessed 30 October 2025</ref> == Ditso == Ofisi ya ga tautona wa Cameroon e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa 1960, morago ga boipuso go tswa mo France. Ofisi e ne e tshwerwe ke Ahmadou Ahidjo go tswa ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1960 go tsena Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1982, le ke Paul Biya fa e sale ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1982. == Nako e e lekanyeditsweng == Tekanyetso nako ya botautona e ne ya tlosediwa Biya ka 2008.<ref>Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. [https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa".] ''Africa Center for Strategic Studies''.</ref> ==List== {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;text-align:center" !rowspan=2|{{Abbr|No.|Number}} !rowspan=2|President<br>{{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! rowspan="2" |'''Portrait''' ! colspan="2" |Tenure !rowspan=2|Elected ! rowspan="2" |Political affiliation |- !Took office !Left office |- !1 ![[Ruben Um Nyobè]] | |10&nbsp;April&nbsp;1948 |1949 | | |- !2 ![[Félix-Roland Moumié]] | |1949 |1949 | | |- !3 ![[Ernest Ouandié]] | |1949 |1950 | | |- !4 ![[Tankeu Noé]] | |1950 |1953 | | |- !5 ![[Osendé Afana]] | |1953 |1956 | | |- !6 ![[E. M. L. Endeley]] | |1956 |1957 | | |- !7 ![[John Ngu Foncha]] | |1957 |1957 | | |- !8 ![[Andre-Marie Mbida]] | |18 February 1957 |18 February 1958 | | |- ! 9 ! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]<br>{{small|(1924–1989)}} | | 18 February 1958 | {{nowrap|1 October}} 1961 | – | [[Cameroonian Union|UC]] |- !10 ![[John Ngu Foncha]] | |2 June1972 |2 June 1972 | | |- ! 11 ! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]<br>{{small|(1924–1989)}} | | {{nowrap|1 October}} 1961 | {{nowrap|2 June}} 1972 | [[1965 Cameroonian presidential election|1965]]<br>[[1970 Cameroonian presidential election|1970]] | {{nowrap|[[Cameroonian Union|UC]] / [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]]}} |- !12 ![[Augustine Ngom Jua]] | |1965 |1966 | | |- !13 ![[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]<br>{{small|(1924–1989)}} | |1966 |2 June 1972 | | |- !14 ![[Salomon Tandeng Muna]] | |2 June 1972 |2 June 1972 | | |- ! 15 ! [[Ahmadou Ahidjo]]<br>{{small|(1924–1989)}} | | {{nowrap|2 June}} 1972 | {{nowrap|6 November}} 1982<br>{{small|(''resigned.'')}} | [[1975 Cameroonian presidential election|1975]]<br>[[1980 Cameroonian presidential election|1980]] | [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]] |- ! 16 ! [[Paul Biya]]<br>{{small|(1932–)}} | | {{nowrap|6 November}} 1982 | {{nowrap|4 February}} 1984 | – | [[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]] |- ! 17 ! [[Paul Biya]]<br>{{small|(1932–)}} | | {{nowrap|4 February}} 1984 | {{nowrap|16 August}} 1992 | [[1984 Cameroonian presidential election|1984]]<br>[[1988 Cameroonian general election|1988]]<br><br><br><br><br> | {{nowrap|[[Cameroonian National Union|UNC]] / [[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement|RDPC]]}} |- |18 |[[Paul Biya]] | |1992 |1992 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |19 |[[John Fru Ndi]] | |1992 |1992 | |[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]] |- |20 |[[Bello Bouba Maigari]] | |1992 |1992 | |[[National Union for Democracy and Progress (Cameroon)|National Union for Democracy and Progress]] |- |21 |[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]] | |1992 |1992 | |[[Cameroon Democratic Union]] |- |22 |[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]] | |1992 |1992 | |[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]] |- |23 |Emah Otu | |1992 |1992 | |Grouping of Patriotic Forces |- !24 ![[Paul Biya]] ! |1992 |1997 |[[1992 Cameroonian presidential election|1992]] | |- |25 |[[Paul Biya]] | |1997 |1997 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |26 |[[Henri Hogbe Nlend]] | |1997 |1997 | |[[Union of the Peoples of Cameroon]] |- |27 |Samuel Eboua | |1997 |1997 | |[[Movement for the Defence of the Republic]] |- |28 |Albert Dzongang | |1997 |1997 | |Popular Party for Development |- |29 |Joachim Tabi Owono | |1997 |1997 | |Action for Meritocracy and Equal Opportunities |- |30 |Antoine N'Demannu | |1997 |1997 | |Rally of Peoples without Borders |- |31 |Gustave Essaka | |1997 |1997 | |Cameroon Integral Democracy |- !32 !Paul Biya | |1997 |2004 |[[1997 Cameroonian presidential election|1997]] | |- |33 |[[Paul Biya]] | |2004 |2004 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |34 |[[John Fru Ndi]] | |2004 |2004 | |[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]] |- |35 |[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]] | |2004 |2004 | |[[Cameroon Democratic Union]] |- |36 |[[Garga Haman Adji]] | |2004 |2004 | |[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]] |- |37 |Justin Mouafo | |2004 |2004 | |Nationalism of Cameroonian Patriots |- |38 |Yondo Mandengue Black | |2004 |2004 | |Social Movement for New Democracy |- |39 |Anicet Ekane | |2004 |2004 | |Social Movement for New Democracy |- |40 |Fritz Pierre Ngo | |2004 |2004 | |Cameroon Ecological Movement |- |41 |Jean Michel Tekam | |2004 |2004 | |Party of Social Democracy |- |42 |Victorin Hameni Bieuleu | |2004 |2004 | |Union of Democratic Forces |- |43 |Boniface Forbin | |2004 |2004 | |Justice and Development Party |- |44 |Djeukam Tchameni | |2004 |2004 | |Movement for Democracy and Interdependence |- |45 |[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]] | |2004 |2004 | |[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]] |- |46 |Hubert Kamgang | |2004 |2004 | |Union of African Populations |- |47 |George Dobgima Nyamndi | |2004 |2004 | |Social Liberal Congress |- |48 |Gustave Essaka | |2004 |2004 | |Cameroon Integral Democracy |- !49 !Paul Biya | |2004 |2011 |[[2004 Cameroonian presidential election|2004]] | |- |50 |[[Paul Biya]] | |2011 |2011 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |51 |[[John Fru Ndi]] | |2011 |2011 | |[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]] |- |52 |[[Garga Haman Adji]] | |2011 |2011 | |[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]] |- |53 |[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]] | |2011 |2011 | |[[Cameroon Democratic Union]] |- |54 |[[Paul Abine Ayah]] | |2011 |2011 | |People's Action Party |- |55 |[[Kah Walla]] | |2011 |2011 | |Cameroon People's Party |- |56 |Albert Dzongang | |2011 |2011 | |Dynamic for National Renaissance |- |57 |Jean de Dieu Momo | |2011 |2011 | |Democrat Patriots for the Development of Cameroon |- |58 |[[Jean-Jacques Ekindi]] | |2011 |2011 | |[[Progressive Movement (Cameroon)|Progressive Movement]] |- |59 |[[Bernard Muna]] | |2011 |2011 | |Alliance of Progressive Forces |- |60 |Esther Dang | |2011 |2011 | |Bloc for the Reconstruction and Economic Independence of Cameroon |- |61 |Olivier Anicet Bilé | |2011 |2011 | |Union for Fraternity and Prosperity |- |62 |Anicet Ekane | |2011 |2011 | |African Movement for New Independence and Democracy |- |63 |Victorin Hameni Bieuleu | |2011 |2011 | |Union of Democratic Forces of Cameroon |- |64 |Fritz Pierre Ngo | |2011 |2011 | |Movement of Cameroonian Ecologists |- |65 |Jean Njeunga | |2011 |2011 | |United Front of Cameroon |- |66 |Isaac Feuzeu | |2011 |2011 | |Movement for the Emergence and Rise of Citizen |- |67 |Hubert Kamgang | |2011 |2011 | |Union of African Populations |- |67 |Simon Pierre Atangana Nsoe | |2011 |2011 | |Great Cameroon |- |68 |Marcus Lontouo | |2011 |2011 | |Cameroonian National Congress |- |69 |George Dobgima Nyamndi | |2011 |2011 | |Social Liberal Congress |- |70 |Joachim Tabi Owono | |2011 |2011 | |Action for Meritocracy and Equal Opportunities |- |71 |Daniel Soh Fone | |2011 |2011 | |United Socialist Party |- !71 !Paul Biya | |2011 |2018 |[[2011 Cameroonian presidential election|2011]] | |- ! 72 ![[Maurice Kamto]]<br> | [[File:Maurice Kamto.jpg|100px]] | {{nowrap|16 August}} 2018 | 2018 | [[2018 Cameroonian presidential election|2018]] | {{nowrap|[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement|MRC]]}} |- !73 ![[Samuel Eto'o]] | |2018 |2018 | | |- !74 ![[Dieudonné M'bala M'bala]] | |2018 |2018 | | |- !75 ![[Bernard Muna]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[French comedian of Cameroonian descent]] |- !76 ![[Bernard Njonga]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Believe in Cameroon]] | |- |77 |[[Paul Biya]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |78 |[[Maurice Kamto]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement]] |- |79 |[[Cabral Libii]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Univers (political party)|Univers]] [fr] |- |80 |[[Joshua Osih]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]] |- |81 |[[Adamou Ndam Njoya]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Cameroon Democratic Union]] |- |82 |[[Garga Haman Adji]] | |2018 |2018 | |[[Alliance for Democracy and Development (Cameroon)|Alliance for Democracy and Development]] |- |83 |[[Ndifor Afanwi Franklin]] [fr] | |2018 |2018 | |Cameroonian National Citizen Movement |- |84 |[[Serge Espoir Matomba]] [fr] | |2018 |2018 | |[[United People for Social Renovation]] |- |85 |[[Akere Muna]] | |2018 |2018 | |Now! | |- !86 ![[Paul Biya]] |[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]] |{{nowrap|16 August}} 2018 |{{nowrap|16 August}} 2019 | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- ! 87 ![[Maurice Kamto]]<br>{{small|(1954-)}} | [[File:Maurice Kamto.jpg|100px]] | {{nowrap|16 August}} 2019 | 2019 | [[2018 Cameroonian presidential election|2018]] | {{nowrap|[[Cameroon Renaissance Movement|MRC]]}} |- ! rowspan="2" |88 ! rowspan="2" |[[Paul Biya]] | rowspan="2" |[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]] |2019 |12 October 2025 | rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |- |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |- |88 |[[Issa Tchiroma]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Cameroon National Salvation Front]] |- |89 |[[Cabral Libii]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation]] |- |90 |[[Bello Bouba Maigari]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[National Union for Democracy and Progress (Cameroon)|National Union for Democracy and Progress]] |- |91 |[[Hermine Patricia Tomaïno Ndam Njoya|Patricia Ndam Njoya]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Cameroon Democratic Union]] |- |92 |[[Joshua Osih]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Social Democratic Front (Cameroon)|Social Democratic Front]] |- |93 |[[Seta Caxton Ateki]] [fr] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |Liberal Alliance Party |- |94 |[[Hiram Samuel Iyodi]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |Front of Cameroonian Democrats |- |95 |[[Serge Espoir Matomba]] [fr] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[United People for Social Renovation]] |- |96 |Jacques Bouhga-Hagbe | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |Cameroonian National Citizen Movement |- |97 |[[Pierre Kwemo]] [fr] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Union of Socialist Movements]] |- |98 |[[Akere Muna]] | |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' |'''12&nbsp;October&nbsp;2025''' | |[[Univers (political party)|Univers]] [fr] |- !99 ![[Paul Biya]] |[[File:Paul Biya 2014.png|100px]] |12 October 2025 |Imcumbent | |[[Cameroon People's Democratic Movement]] |} == Metswedi == 2wkqgcbxm45h68s4935wupo198aodn2 0 12421 49714 46284 2026-05-01T23:54:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aisha Lawal Oladunni''' ke motshameki wa difilimi, mokwadi le motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa Nigeria. [https://thenationonlineng.net/aisha-lawal-i-still-attract-men-despite-being-married-with-child/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O ne a tlhophiwa go nna mosupedi yo o solofetsang wa ngwaga (Yoruba) kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_People_Entertainment_Awards 2014 City People Entertainment Awards], Best Actress in Leading Role (Yoruba) kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best_of_Nollywood_Awards 2015 Best of Nollywood Awards], Best Indigenous Language Movie/TV Series (Yoruba) kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa_Magic_Viewers%27_Choice_Awards 2016 Africa Magic Viewers' Choice Awards] le Best Actress of the Year (Yoruba) le Best Supporting Actress of the Year (Yoruba) kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_People_Entertainment_Awards 2018 City People Movie Awards]. [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][[https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/news/amvca-2016-full-nomination-list <nowiki>3]</nowiki>][[https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/rita-dominic-davido-tiwa-savage-majid-michel-2014-city-people-entertainment-awards-nominees/ <nowiki>4]</nowiki>][[https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/best-of-nollywood-awards-2015-see-full-list-of-winners/ywx13ye <nowiki>5]</nowiki>] == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Lawal ke moagi wa Ibadan, Oyo State, kwa borwabophirima jwa Nigeria mme o tsene Adeen International School le Federal Government College, Ogbomoso. Lawal o ne a rata go tshameka go tswa bonyaneng jwa gagwe, o ne a tshameka mo metshamekong e e farologaneng ya dibaesekopo. [https://punchng.com/some-people-laughed-at-me-when-they-saw-me-in-a-public-bus-aisha-lawal/ <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] [9] Lawal o ne a ya kwa Yunibesithing ya Lead City, kwa a neng a bona dikirii ya molao le dikirii ya bobedi ya tsamaiso ya setšhaba. == Tiro ya gagwe == Lawal o ne a tsena sekolo sa Femi Adebayo's J15 School of Performing Arts go tloga ka 2008 go fitlha ka 2010 mme a ithuta go tshameka. [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] Filimi ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e le Adunmadeke moo a neng a tshameka karolo ya seaka. [https://thenationonlineng.net/aisha-lawal-i-still-attract-men-despite-being-married-with-child/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] O ne a tuma ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe mo Irugbin. [9] Fa e sale a simolola go tuma, o ne a tswelela go tshameka mo difiliming tse di fetang lekgolo. O dirile difilimi di le lesome jaaka Imu Nika le Opon Ife. [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/each-time-i-get-on-set-i-become-a-different-person/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Lawal o tswa kwa lwapeng la bana ba bararo ene ele wa fagare[https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/49944376 <nowiki>[7]</nowiki>].O nyetswe Ana le morwadie, O ithuta bo Muslim.[https://www.citypeopleonline.com/each-time-i-get-on-set-i-become-a-different-person/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] == Metswedi == [https://thenationonlineng.net/aisha-lawal-i-still-attract-men-despite-being-married-with-child/ <nowiki>[1] "Aisha Lawal: I still attract men despite being married with child The Nation Newspaper</nowiki>]". 12 September 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [2] Reporter (8 September 2018). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/nominees-for-2018-city-people-movie-awards-full-list/ "Nominees For 2018 City People Movie Awards [FULL LIST]]". City People Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [https://dstv-fe-africamagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/africamagic/en-ng/news/amvca-2016-full-nomination-list <nowiki>[3] "AMVCA 2016: Full nomination list</nowiki>]". Africa Magic – AMVCA 2016: Full nomination list. Retrieved 5 October 2022.[dead link] [4] BellaNaija.com (6 June 2014). [https://www.bellanaija.com/2014/06/rita-dominic-davido-tiwa-savage-majid-michel-2014-city-people-entertainment-awards-nominees/ "Rita Dominic, Davido, Tiwa Savage, Majid Michel – 2014 City People Entertainment Awards Nominees]". BellaNaija. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [5] lawal, fuad (14 December 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170807154159/http://www.pulse.ng/events/best-of-nollywood-awards-2015-see-full-list-of-winners-id4459200.html "See full list of winners]". Pulse Nigeria. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [6] Reporter (3 September 2018). [https://www.citypeopleonline.com/each-time-i-get-on-set-i-become-a-different-person/ "Each Time I Get On Set, I Become A Different Person – Aisha Lawal]". City People Magazine. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [https://www.bbc.com/yoruba/49944376 <nowiki>[7] "Àwọn ojú oge Yollywood t'ọ́jà wọ́n ṣì ń tà wàràwàrà</nowiki>]". BBC News Yorùbá (in Yoruba). 18 October 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [https://punchng.com/some-people-laughed-at-me-when-they-saw-me-in-a-public-bus-aisha-lawal/ <nowiki>[8] "Some people laughed at me when they saw me in a public bus — Aisha Lawal</nowiki>]". Punch Newspapers. 6 August 2017. Retrieved 5 October 2022. [9] Online, Tribune (14 March 2020). [https://tribuneonlineng.com/id-not-have-forgiven-myself-if-i-didnt-have-my-baby-in-the-us-actress-aishat-lawal/ "I'd not have forgiven myself if I didn't have my baby in the US —Actress Aishat Lawal]". Tribune Online. Retrieved 5 October 2022 c20afuqv46jyynv2atjb5xy3b8ftqto 0 13094 49721 49334 2026-05-02T06:26:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Helena Moreno.jpg|thumb]] '''Helena Moreno''' o itsege gape jaaka Helena Morena, ke motshameki wa difilimi mo [[Angola]] yo o tlhageletseng mo metseletseleng e le mmalwa ya [[Telenovela|telenovela]] ya Angola. O ne a bereka ele morutabana wa puo ya Sepotokisi. == Tiro ya gagwe == Helena Moreno o belegwe ka 28 Tlhakole 1989 kwa [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210132/http://platinaline.com/helena-moreno-uma-talentosa-actriz/ "Helena Moreno Uma Talentosa Actriz"] (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref>Lelapa la gaabo le ne le humanegile, mme legae la gagwe la bongwana e ne e le mokhukhu o o se nang difensetere mo toropong ya magae a mannye. Le fa go ntse jalo, o boletse gore bongwana jwa gagwe bo ne bo itumetse.<ref> ""[https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ Houve uma vez que eu mijei-me, porque não conseguia pedir ao professor para ir a casa de banho]" – Helena Moreno" (in Portuguese). AngoRussia. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka 2002, fa a ne a na le seabe mo telenoveleng ya Angola ya Revira Volta. O ne a tlhagelela gape mo telenoveleng, mme mo lekgetlong leno a le mo maemong a a tsweletseng jaaka Weza Henriques Pereira mo Sweet Pitanga. Seno se ne sa dira gore a simolole go bereka mo radiong e le motshwaraditshwantshô mo thulaganyong e e bidiwang Bombástico. Go ne ga latela tiro e nngwe gape ya mofuta, fa ka 2012 a ne a tshameka jaaka Marisa Lemos mo Windeck.[https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ ^{[1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] O ne a tlotliwa ka nako ya go keteka basadi ba Angola ka 2014, mmogo le Maria do Rosário Amadeu le Nadir Taty ka go dira go tokafatsa setso sa Angola mo botaking.<ref>"[http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/sociedade/2014/2/13/Huambo-Gala-beneficencia-distingue-mulheres-mais-destacadas-sociedade,786c94d0-39d1-490e-96c7-6882ae120e08.html Huambo: Gala de beneficência distingue mulheres mais destacadas da sociedade]". ANGOP (in Portuguese). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017.</ref> Kwa ntle ga boitlosobodutu, Moreno o ne gape a dira jaaka morutabana wa Sepotokisi kwa sekolong sa Amerika kwa maemong a poraemari le a sekontari. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Moreno o ne a itsise ka 2016 gore o itsholofetse le lekau la gagwe Milton Miguel,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz angolana Helena Moreno está grávida do seu primeiro filho com Milton Miguel]" (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> mme kwa moletlong wa go belega ngwana ka Phatwe, o ne a itsise gore o emetse mosimane. O ne a bolela gore leina la ngwana, Helton, e ne e le kopanyo ya Helena le Milton.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz Helena Moreno realiza chá de bebé do primeiro filho]" (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] htvnzr49e27xivi1wp84f2hmkr1ftdo 0 13111 49718 49457 2026-05-02T05:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evan Mawarire''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a supa ka ngwaga wa 1977) <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.herald.co.zw/mawarire-is-no-saint/#disqus_thread|title=Mawarire is no saint|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> ke moruti wa kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe]] le [[molweladitshwanelo]] tsa puso ya batho ka batho. O ne a itsege thata ka nako ya [[ditshupegetso tsa kwa Zimbabwe tsa 2016–17]] tse di neng di gwetlha puso ya ga [[Robert Mugabe]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://time.com/4659284/evan-mawarie-zimbabwe-this-flag-bail-denied/|title=Evan Mawarire, Pastor Behind Zimbabwe's #ThisFlag Protest Movement, Denied Bail|access-date=17 January 2018|archivedate=4 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104153513/http://time.com/4659284/evan-mawarie-zimbabwe-this-flag-bail-denied/}}</ref> Go begilwe fa Mawarire a kopile batho ba Zimbabwe go ngangapala le go gana go boela tirong morago ga ditshupegetso.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36791126|title=Zimbabwe pastor Evan Mawarire calls for more protests|access-date=17 January 2018}}</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa 2017, [[BBC News]] e ne ya bega gore Mawarire o ne a gololwa ke kgotlatshekelo ya Zimbabwe kwa a neng a lebanwe ke katlholo ya dingwaga di ka nna masome mabedi mo kgolegelong fa a ne a ka bonwa molato ka ntlha ya go leka go menola puso ya ga Robert Mugabe. Diketekete di ne tsa tla kwa tshekong ya gagwe mme se sa tsosa mokgatlho wa loago o o neng wa emelana le tshenyetso setshaba, tshiamololo le lehuma.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-42171375|title=Zimbabwe court acquits Mugabe critic Evan Mawarire|access-date=11 February 2018}}</ref> Ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro ka 2017 bonnye jwa babueledi ba le lekgolo le masome a matlhano ba ne ba ema ka dinao kwa kgotlatshekelong go emela Mawarire, fa diketekete di ne di kokoane kwa ntle ga kgotlatshekelo ya [[Harare]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Evan Mawarire, the Zimbabwean Pastor Risking His Life for Political Change |url=https://time.com/4676282/evan-mawarire-interview-zimbabwe-politics-elections/ |access-date=2018-02-18 |website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222152142/http://time.com/4676282/evan-mawarire-interview-zimbabwe-politics-elections/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Batsadi ba gagwe e ne e le badirelapuso mme o ne a godisediwa mo lelwapeng la Sekeresete.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2017/07/10/evan-mawarire-zimbabwes-freedom-pastor/|title=Zimbabwe's Freedom Pastor|last=Nordlinger|first=Jay|date=2017-07-09|work=National Review|access-date=2018-10-26|language=en-US}}</ref> O feditse nako ya gagwe ya bongwana kwa Harare, pele ga a fudugela kwa [[Kgaolong ya Mashonaland Bophirima]]. O tsene sekolo se se botlana sa Amandas kwa toropong ya [[Concession]].<ref name=":0" /> Go tloga ka 1990 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 1992, o ne a tsena [[Sekolo sa Prince Edward]] kwa Harare, pele ga a fudugela kwa Sekolong se Segolo sa Charles Clack kwa [[Magunje]], e leng sekolo sa borongwa sa [[Salvation Army]], go wetsa dithuto tsa gagwe go tloga ka 1993 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 1994.Fa a le dingwaga di le lesome le borataro, o ne a tlhophiwa go ya kwa palamenteng ya bana ya Zimbabwe, e e neng e tlhametswe go ipelela letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la Ngwana wa moAforika.<ref name=":1" /> O ne gape a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa bana wa Zimbabwe.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a tswelela go ithuta kwa [[Harare Institute of Technology]], kwa a neng a aloga ka diploma ya dithuto tsa Motlakase wa Dikoloi ka 1996.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a bereka mo go tsa kgwebo dingwaga di le mmalwa, mme ka nako yone eo a ne a ithaopa kwa kerekeng ya gagwe, a ruta kwa sekolong sa Tshipi.<ref name=":1"/> O ne a bona tiro ya kwa kerekeng ya gagwe e mo kgotsofatsa go gaisa, mme ka 2002 o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe mme a ya sekolong sa boruti.<ref name=":1" /> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2007, e ne e le moruti wa banana le basha kwa Celebration Churches International kwa Harare, pele ga a dira jaaka mokaedi wa kgaolo wa kereke kwa [[United Kingdom]] go tloga ka 2007 go fitlha ka 2010.<ref name=":0"/> Ka 2010, o ne a tlhoma kereke ya gagwe ya His Generation kwa Harare. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == {{reflist}} fxtq5sla7280rx90k3f0nabra2u7ht6 0 13184 49720 49675 2026-05-02T06:03:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Go gweba ka mmele kwa Madagascar''' go kafa molaong,<ref name="spl">{{Cite web |title=Sex Work Law - Countries |url=http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Sexuality, Poverty and Law |language=en |archive-date=29 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729103225/http://spl.ids.ac.uk/sexworklaw/countries |url-status=dead }}</ref> e bile bo tlwaelesegile, segolobogolo mo mafelong a bojanala.<ref name="chartsbin">{{Cite web |title=The Legal Status of Prostitution by Country |url=http://chartsbin.com/view/snb |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=ChartsBin}}</ref> Ditiro tse di amanang le seo jaaka go gwetlha, go reka, go tshela ka madi a a amogelwang ka kgwebo ya mmele kgotsa go nna le lefelo la go gweba ka mmele di thibetswe.<ref name="spl" /> Melao ya Tolamo ya Setšhaba le yone e dirisiwa kgatlhanong le bagwebi ka mmele.<ref name="spl" /> Go na le melao ya bošeng e e kgatlhanong le "go tlhakanela dikobo le bagweba ka mmele ba basadi".<ref name="ukgov">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2011 |title=Madagascar travel advice |url=http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110314124058/http://ukinmadagascar.fco.gov.uk/en/help-for-british-nationals/travel-advicee |archive-date=14 March 2011 |access-date=10 January 2018 |publisher=UK Government |language=en}}</ref><ref name="findaport">{{Cite web |title=General Information for Madagascar |url=http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Findaport |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110234057/http://www.findaport.com/country/madagascar |url-status=dead }}</ref> Batho ba ba tshwarwang ba duelela thobalano le bana ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le lesome le bone ba ka lebanwa ke dikotlhao tsa dingwaga di le lesome kwa kgolegelong. Se se diragadiwa ka thata kgatlhanong le bajanala ba mafatshe a sele.<ref name="ukgov" /> Ga mmogo le mo mafelong a bojanala, kgwebo ka mmele e diragala gape go dikologa ditoropo tsa meepo tsa ka fa gare jaaka [[Ilakaka]]<ref name="radio">{{Cite web |last=Ross |first=Aaron |date=31 January 2014 |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Public Radio International}}</ref> le [[Andilamena]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 July 2017 |title=What happens after a mining rush? Photographs from Madagascar |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2017/07/what-happens-after-a-mining-rush-photographs-from-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Mongabay Environmental News}}</ref> Go ne ga fopholediwa gore go ne go na le barekisi ba thobalano ba le dikete tse lekgolo masome a marataro le bosupa, makgolo a mane le masome a mane le boraro mo lefatsheng leo ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sex workers: Population size estimate - Number, 2016 |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604174922/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/dv/PivotData_2018_7_22_636678151733621264.htm |archive-date=4 June 2019 |access-date=21 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> Badiri ba thobalano ba bega gore tiragatso ya molao e dira ka bogagapa e bile e a sotlaka. Go begwa gape le go gapelwa madi ka dikgoka ke mapodisi.<ref name="spl"/> Go gweba ka mmele go tlile la ntlha mo setlhaketlhakeng morago ga bokolone bo tlisiwa ke Mafora kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1800.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Braddix |first=Charles |date=8 February 2016 |title=Paradise Lost: A beautiful island with dirty secrets |url=https://brnow.org/News/February-2016/Paradise-Lost-A-beautiful-island-with-dirty-secre |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=BR Now}}</ref> Mo dinakong tsa segompieno e a oketsega ka ntlha ya koketsego ya bojanala le lehuma le le bogisang bontsi jwa batho mo lefatsheng.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar: Girls selling sex to pay for school|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-14669625|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Madagascar's ticking HIV time bomb|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/6916454.stm|accessdate=2012-04-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Madagascar, where child prostitution is common, cheap and 'trivial' |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2016/07/30/madagascar-where-child-prostitution-common-cheap-and-trivial |access-date=10 January 2017}}</ref> [[Madagascar]] ke lefelo la [[bojanala jwa thobalano]], go akaretsa le [[bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bana]]. [[Go gweba ka batho]] le [[go gweba ka mmele ga bana]] ke mathata mo lefatsheng.<ref name="bbc" /> == Bojanala jwa thobalano == Madagascar e fetogile lefelo le le amogelwang jaaka la bojanala jwa thobalano jwa bagolo le jwa bana, segolobogolo mo banneng ba Fora le ba Italy. Mafelo a magolo mo lefatsheng a bojanala jwa thobalano ke [[Antananarivo]](motsemogolo), [[Nosy Be]], [[Île Sainte-Marie]], [[Mahajanga]], [[Diego-Suarez]]<ref name="realestate">{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Sexual tourism Madagascar |url=http://real-estate-madagascar.com/madagascar-infos/sexual-tourism-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Madagascar Real Estate}}</ref> le [[Toamasina]].<ref name="radio"/> === Nosy Be === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1990 puso e ne ya naya Majapane konteraka ya go tshwara ditlhapi tsa tuna.<ref name="irin">{{Cite web |date=26 November 2010 |title=Fighting a rising tide of sex tourism |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/91197/madagascar-fighting-rising-tide-sex-tourism |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=IRIN |language=en}}</ref> Dikepe tseo tse di tshwarang ditlhapi di ne tsa ema kwa Nosy Be, e leng setlhaketlhake se se gaufi le letshitshi le le kwa bokone jwa Madagascar. Go gweba ka mmele go ne ga gola go dikologa lekala leo la go tshwara ditlhapi, mme bagwebi ka mmele ba ne ba fudugela kwa setlhaketlhakeng se go tswa mo lefatsheng leo ka bophara.<ref name="irin" /> Fa bojanala jwa go ya kwa Madagascar bo simolola, Nosy Be e ne ya nna lefelo le le ratwang thata ka ntlha ya kgwebo ya tlhakanelodikobo e e neng e tlhomilwe.<ref name="irin" /> Morago ga moo ya jwelelela go ya kwa bontsing jwa mafelo a boikhutso a "a akaretsang tsotlhe" a agilweng mo setlhaketlhakeng. Leno ke lefelo le legolo la Bayuropa, bontsi jwa bone e le Bafora,<ref name="huff">{{Cite web |date=28 June 2016 |title=The Horror of Sex Tourism in Madagascar |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/johanna-higgs/sex-tourism-madagascar_b_10712064.html |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=HuffPost UK}}</ref> ba bangwe ba bone ba tlang mo lefatsheng le go tla go bona bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo.<ref name="realestate" /> Go fopholeditswe gore 70% ya basadi ba setlhaketlhake ba dira tiro ya go gweba ka mmele, sephatlo sa bone ba sa ntse ba le kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="realestate"/> == Go gweba ka mmele ga bana == Mo godimo ga gore e nne lefelo la bojanala jwa tlhakanelodikobo ya bana, banna ba Malagasy gape ba dirisa bagweba ka mmele ba ba sa ntseng ba le mo dingwageng tse di kwa tlase. Patlisiso nngwe e e dirilweng ke [[UNICEF]] e ne ya fitlhela gore dikotara di le tharo tsa banna ba kwa Malagasy ba ba dirisang bagweba ka mmele ba dirisa le basetsana ba ba sa ntseng ba le bannye.<ref name="huff"/> Bojanala jwa thobalano ya bana bo oketsegile mo lefatsheng fa e sa le [[Mozambique]] e gagamatsa melao mo lefelong leno.<ref name="realestate"/> Malwapa a mantsi a kgothaletsa barwadiaone go dirisana le bajanala ba basweu ka ntlha ya mabaka a madi. Mo maemong mangwe bana ba dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi le lesome le boraro ba newa dithuto tsa Sefora le Sentariana go ipaakanyetsa tiro ya bone ya go gweba ka mmele.<ref name="huff"/> Basetsana bangwe kwa metseselegaeng ba rekisiwa jaaka dinyatsi, ke batsadi ba bone, go batswakwa kgotsa beng ba dikgomo ba ba humileng ka lobaka lwa dingwaga di le mmalwa.<ref name="radio"/> Tshenyetso setshaba ya mapodisi e raya gore ga go na kgato e ntsi kgatlhanong le badirisi ba basetsana ba ba kwa tlase ga dingwaga.<ref name="huff"/> Mekgatlho e e ikemetseng e le mmalwa, jaaka ''Setlhopha sa Ditshwanelo tsa Ngwana le Lelwapa'' (CDEF) le UNICEF, di bereka go leka go tokafatsa seemo. == Boitsogo jwa thobalano == Le fa Madagascar e na le go anama mo go kwa tlase ga [[HIV]] mo lefatsheng la [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]](0.2% ka 2016),<ref name="unaids">{{Cite web |title=Madagascar 2016 Country factsheet |url=http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/madagascar |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=[[UNAIDS]]}}</ref> e na le dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa malwetsi a tlhakanelo dikobo(STIs) mo lefatsheng ka bophara. Mekgatlho ya badiri ba thobalano, jaaka ''Fikambanaina Vehivavy Miavotena Toamasina''(FIVEMITO) le ''Femmes Interessee au Development de Antalaha''(FIDA) (e e tlamelwang ka matlole ka bontlhabongwe ke [[Banka ya Lefatshe]]), e fitlheletse ditumalano le dipusoselegae go ntsha badiri ba thobalano ba ba fetang dingwaga di le lesome le boferabobedi ka dikarata tsa boitshupo. Dikarata tseo tsa boitshupo di dira gore motho a kgone go bona tlhokomelo ya kalafi ya mahala.<ref name="kumud">{{Cite web |date=4 February 2015 |title=Neglecting sexuality in sexual and reproductive health: A case of sex workers in Madagascar |url=http://kumudrana.com/2015/02/neglecting-sexuality-in-sexual-and-reproductive-health-a-case-of-sex-workers-in-madagascar/ |access-date=10 January 2018 |website=Kumud Rana |archive-date=11 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111170632/http://kumudrana.com/2015/02/neglecting-sexuality-in-sexual-and-reproductive-health-a-case-of-sex-workers-in-madagascar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ka 2016, go anama ga HIV mo badiring ba thobalano e ne e le 5.5%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016 |title=HIV prevalence amongst sex workers |url=http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722130109/http://www.aidsinfoonline.org/gam/stock/shared/vc/vcshare.html?id=d9c0ff12-f62c-44e7-8e2c-dbe736bbea30 |archive-date=22 July 2018 |access-date=22 July 2018 |website=www.aidsinfoonline.org |publisher=UNAIDS}}</ref> == Go rekisiwa ka tsa thobalano == Madagascar ke motswedi le lefatshe le basadi le bana ba ba rekisiwang ka thobalano ka bontsi. Bana ba Malagasy, bontsi jwa bone ba tswa kwa metseselegaeng le kwa matshitshing, le ba ba tswang mo malwapeng a a humanegileng kwa ditoropong, ba dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go gwebeng ka bana ka tsa thobalano. Bontsi jwa kgwebisano ka thobalano ya bana bo diragala ka go nna le seabe le go rotloediwa ke maloko a lelwapa; le fa go ntse jalo, badirisi ba bajanala, dihotele, bakgweetsi ba dithekisi, mafelo a go sidila mmele le bagolo ba lefelo leo ba ba gwebang ka mmele le bone ba tlhofofatsa bokebekwa jo. Bana bangwe ba thapiwa ka tsietso gore ba bereke kwa Antananarivo e le batlhokomedi ba dijo le ba ba sidilang pele ga ba dirisiwa botlhaswa mo go rekiseng bana ka tlhakanelodikobo. Dipego di supa fa tirisobotlhaswa ya bana ka thobalano e aname thata mo mafelong a bojanala le mafelo a meepo a a tlhomameng le a a sa tlhomamang a a e dikologileng. Mekgatlho e e ikemetseng e begile mo nakong e e fetileng gore go raraana ga badirelapuso mo go boneng dikarata tsa boitshupo tsa bosetšhaba tsa maaka go tlhofofatsa go gweba ka bana ka tlhakanelodikobo kwa Madagascar. Dipego tse di fetileng di supile fa go gweba ka bana ka thobalano ya basimane go ntse go anama thata. Tiro ya bana mo gae e tswelela go nna bothata mme dikemedi tse di sa tlhomamang tsa go thapa bana ba ba berekang mo gae ba banna ba Malagasy ba ba dirisang botlhaswa jaaka batswasetlhabelo ba kgwebisano ka thobalano ya bana, fa bontsi jwa bajanala ba thobalano ya bana e le baagi ba [[Fora]] le [[Italia|Italy]], mme ka selekanyo se sennye, batho ba bangwe ba Bophirima le ba kwa Comoros. Kantoro ya Lephata la Lefatshe la United States la go Tlhokomela le go Lwantsha Kgwebisano ka Batho le baya Madagascar mo maemong a lefatshe la " Lenaane la Tebelo la Maemo a bobedi". == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 17gmjj1g0hdhnjtl70u0269wlyyhhwh 0 13194 49728 49690 2026-05-02T10:47:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Moud Goba|organizations=Micro Rainbow International Gay Afrika UK Black Pride|awards=Seetsele sa Attitude ka 2017 Bomme ba ba lekgolo ba BBC ka 2022 Seetsele sa mafatshefatshe sa BET International ka 2023|birth_place=[[Harare]] [[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Moud Goba''' ke molwela ditshwanelo tsa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang wa kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motshabi kwa [[United Kingdom]] kwa a gorogileng teng a santse a le mmotlana e le mokopi wa botshabelo a tshaba kwa Zimbabwe morago ga dingwaga tsa pogiso go bo a ratana le basadi jaaka ene.<ref>Opoku-Gyimah, Phyll (6 December 2022). [https://www.thepinknews.com/2021/06/17/lady-phyll-moud-goba-queer-bible/ "Lady Phyll shares powerful story of the 'Black, lesbian, warrior woman' who changed her life for good, Moud Goba"]. PinkNews. Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Goba o goletse kwa [[Harare]], [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Goba, Moud (16 November 2021). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 "I fled to the UK seeking asylum – now I'm a proud lesbian mum]". Metro. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> O tshabile kwa lefatsheng leo ka nako ya puso ya ga [[Robert Mugabe]],<ref name=":0">[https://www.attitude.co.uk/pride-awards/attitude-pride-award-winner-lgbt-asylum-seeker-activist-moud-goba-285169/ "Attitude Pride Award Winner: LGBT asylum seeker activist Moud Goba".] ''Attitude''. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> e go neng go bogisiwa ebile go tshwenngwa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang.<ref>Muparamoto, Nelson (11 November 2021). [https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml?language=en "LGBT individuals and the struggle against Robert Mugabe's extirpation in Zimbabwe"]. ''Africa Review''. '''13''' (3): S1–S16. doi:[https://brill.com/view/journals/bafr/13/3/article-pS1_1.xml 10.1080/09744053.2020.1812042]. S2CID [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/08ebe029bbc6614dd4fca013086b7ea38214b29a 225237647.] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Morago ga go kopa botshabelo kwa UK, o ne a leta dingwaga di le pedi gore kopo ya gagwe e atlege. Goba o ne a re nako eo ya go leta ke nako ya go ithaopa mo makgotleng a a farologaneng le go tlhama la gagwe - Gay Afrika - go nthusa go batla ba bangwe ba ba tshwanang le nna ba ba nnang kwa UK.<ref>Cairns, Kay (15 January 2017). [https://nehandaradio.com/2017/01/15/letter-zimbabwe-moud-goba-part-gay-human/ "Zim gay activist in the UK: Moud Goba – "Part gay but all human"".] ''Nehanda Radio''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Go lwela ditshwanelo == Goba ke mongwe wa batlhami ba UK Black pride, moletlo wa baratani ba bong bo bo tshwanang ba bantsho kwa Lontone o o diragetseng fa e sale ka 2005.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230131021955/https://lgbtleaders.co.uk/speaker/moud-goba/ "Moud Goba"]. ''LGBTLeaders.co.uk''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ke modulasetilo wa baeteledipele ba one.<ref name=":1">Wylie, Melissa (6 December 2022). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 "BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year?".] BBC News. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Goba o bereka e le moookamedi mananeo kwa Micro Rainbow International, lekgotla la bopelotlhomogi le le emeng nokeng batho ba ba senang magae ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang mme ba batla botshabelo. <ref>[https://diva-magazine.com/2023/04/22/the-diva-power-list-2023-is-here/ "Meet the visionaries blazing a trail for LGBTQIA women and non-binary people".] ''Diva''. 22 April 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref>Goba o bereka go thusa batshabi go batla ditiro gape o eteletse pele lenaneo la go batla magae a a babalesegileng le le thusang batho ba ka nna dikete di le masome a mabedi le botlhano ngwaga le ngwaga ba ba ratang ka bong.<ref name=":1" /> Goba o itebagantse le batshabi ba ba gorogelang kwa UK go tswa [[Afghanistan.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230721015804/https://www.lesrencontreseconomiques.fr/en/speakers/moud-goba/ "Moud Goba"]. [[:en:Rencontres_Economiques_d'Aix-en-Provence|''Rencontres Economiques d'Aix-en-Provence''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2022, Goba e ne e le bontlha jwa mogwanto wa ditshwanelo tsa baratani ba bong bo bo tshwanang kwa pulong ya metshameko ya mafatshe a selekane kwa lobaleng lwa Alexander kwa [[Birmingham]], [[England]], a na le balwela ditshwanelo ba bangwe ba le batlhano le [[Tom Daley]].<ref>[https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwean-lesbian-and-refugee-part-of-gay-rights-parade-at-commonwealth-games-opening/ "Zimbabwean lesbian and refugee part of gay rights parade at Commonwealth Games opening".] ''NewZimbabwe.com''. 31 July 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Go bereka ga gagwe le makgotla a a santseng a simolola mo go thuseng batshabi ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang, Goba o ne a akareditswe mo lenaaneng la baagi ba mafatshefatshe ka 2023 ba ba lwelang ditshwanelo, go supiwa fa e le mongwe o o tlaa beiwang leitlho ka 2023.<ref>Okunola, Akindare (16 December 2022). [https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/activists-to-watch-in-2023/ "18 Activists You Should Absolutely Look Out for in 2023"]. [[:en:Global_Citizen_Festival|''Global Citizen''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == Ka ngwaga wa 2015, pampiri ya [[The Independent]] e ne ya supa Goba fa e le mongwe wa batho ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang ba ba nang le thotloetso kwa UK, ka maitemogelo a gagwe a go bereka le batshabi.<ref>Morrison, Sarah (15 November 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/therainbowlist/rainbow-list-2015-1-to-101-a6731391.html "Rainbow List 2015: 1 to 101".] [[:en:The_Independent|''The Independent''.]] Retrieved 30 April 2026.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2017, pampiri ya dikgang ya Attitude e ne ya lemoga thuso ya ga Goba ya go thusa bathsbai ba bangwe ka go mo fa tlotla ya seetsele sa Attitude Pride.<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2022, Goba o ne a le mo lenaaneng la bomme ba le lekgolo ba [[BBC]]. a lemogiwa ka seabe sa gagwe mo batshabing ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2023, Goba o ne a amogela seetsele sa [[BET International]] go bo a batlela batshabi ba ba ratanang ka bong bo bo tshwanang mafelo a botshabelo le go ba amanya le setshaba.<ref>Ramachandran, Naman (20 June 2023). [https://variety.com/2023/tv/global/lgbtq-bet-international-global-good-award-moud-goba-1235649174/ "LGBTQ+ Activist Moud Goba to be Honored With 2023 BET International Global Good Award (EXCLUSIVE)".] ''Variety''. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Metswedi == eo1c0gh1z10f94kkk0abl5oerg609fp 0 13198 49730 49695 2026-05-02T11:15:51Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Nobert Lala Ratsirahonana|image=Norbert Ratsirahonana - 1996.jpg|caption=Ratsirahonana ka 1996|office=Motshwarelela tautona wa [[Madagascar]]|office1=Mothusa tonakgolo wa lesome le borataro wa [[Madagascar]]|term_start=Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996|term_end=Tlhakole a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1997|term_start1=Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1996|term_end1=Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1997|primeminister=Ene|predecessor=[[Albert Zafy]]|predecessor1=[[Emmanuel Rakotovahiny]]|successor=[[Didier Ratsiraka]]|successor1=[[Pascal Rakotomavo]]|president1=Albert Zafy (a tshwareletse) Ene Didier Ratsiraka|birth_date=Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1938|birth_place=[[Antsaranana]] [[Madagascar]]|party=Judged by Your Work Party|spouse=[[Sahondra RakotondravalyRatsirahonana]]}} '''Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana''' (o o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1938) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Madagascar]] o o berekileng e le mothusa tonakgolo wa lesome le borataro wa Madagascar le tautona o o tshwareletseng wa Madagascar go tswa ka 1996 go tsena ka 1997. == Botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro == O tsholetswe kwa Antsiranana, kwa kgaolong ya Diana. O tlhamile a bo a etelela pele phathi ya Vita no Ifampitsarana, e e neng e eme kgatlhanong [[Didier Ratsiraka]]. Ene le phathi ya gagwe e ne e le bontlha jwa lekgamu le le tlhophileng [[Albert Zafy]] go nna tautona ka 1993. Ratsirahonana o ne a nna tautona wa kgotla tshekelo e tona. Ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi leborobabobedi ngwaga wa 1996, fa mothusa tonakgolo a ne a thankgolwa ke palamente ka tlhopho ya go tlhoka go mo tshepha, Zafy o ne a thapa Ratsirahonana mo maemong ao. Moragonyana, Zafy o ne a tshwarwa, ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996, Ratsirahonana o ne a nna motshwarelela botautona jwa Madagascar. Ditlhopho tsa botautona di ne tsa tshwarwa ka Lwetse a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 1996, Ratsirahonana a di emela, a nna mo maemong a bone (a setse morago Ratsiraka, Zafy le Herizo Razafimahaleo) ka 10.14% ya tlhopho.<ref>[http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Presidentielles_du_29_decembre_1996.pdf ""Rapport de la Mission d'Observation de l'Élection Présidentielle du 29 décembre 1996 (2è tour)""] (PDF) (86.7 KiB), democratie.francophonie.org (in French).</ref><ref>[http://africanelections.tripod.com/mg.html Elections in Madagascar], African Elections Database.</ref> Ratsirahonanan o ne aema nokeng Zafy mo legatong la bobedi, lo lo neng lo tshwerwe ka Morule a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, mme Ratsiraka a fenya;<ref>Philip M. Allen, "Madagascar: Impeachment as Parliamentary Coup d'Etat", in ''Checking Executive Power: Presidential Impeachment in Comparative Perspective'' (2003), ed. Jody C. Baumgartner, Naoko Kada, page 91. ISBN 0-275-97927-X</ref> Ratsirahonana o ne a tlogela maemo a botautona fa Ratsiraka a tlhomamisiwa, ka Tlhakole a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1997. Malatsi a le lesome le bobedi morago, o nea latlhegelwa gape ke maemo a mothusa tonakgolo fa Ratsiraka a thapa mongwe wa ba ba mo emeng nokeng. AVI e ne ya nna phathi e tona ya kganetso, le ntswa e ne ya wela tlase, e fenya ka ditilo di le lesome le boraro fela mo go tse di lekgolo le masome a matlhano ka ditlhopho tsa palamente tsa 1998. Ratsirahonana o ne a nna modulasetilo wa komiti kgolo ya bokopano jwa setlhopha sa Panorama ka Lwetse 1997.<ref>"Opposition coalition appoints leaders, reaffirms policy", Malagasy National Radio, 20 September 1997.</ref> Ratsirahonana o ne a ikgogela morago mo ditlhophong tsa botautona tsa Morule 2001 a ema nokeng go ema ga ga [[Marc Ravalomanana]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205204002/http://www.iss.org.za/Pubs/Papers/68/Paper68.PDF Richard Cornwell,] (PDF) on 2012-02-05(178 KiB), ISS Paper 68, April 2003.</ref> O ne a thapiwa go nna moemedi wa ga tautona mo tsamaisong ya ga Ravalomanana. K a 2006, le fa go ntse jalo, Ratsirahonana o ne a ithola marapo mo ofising; ka Phatwe 2006 o ne a itsise fa a emetse ditlhopho tsa botautona tsa Morule 2006.<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=68&art_id=qw1155388682957B253 "Former Madagascar PM to run for president"], Reuters, August 12, 2006.</ref> Go ya ka maduo a semmuso, o amogetse 4.22% ya ditlhopho a nna mo maemong a botlhano. Maduo a gagwe a a gaisang ke a kwa kgaolong ya Antananarivo kwa a amogetseng 7.14% ya tlhopho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120414171605/http://www.hcc.gov.mg/election-2006/resultat-2006.php 2006 presidential election results] Archived 2012-04-14 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] from the High Constitutional Court (in French).</ref> Mo mekubukubung ya sepolotiki ya 2009, fa sesole se bega gore se tlhoma mogogi wa kganetso [[Andry Rajoelina]] moeteledipele wa lefatshe ka mopitlo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 2009, Ratsirahonana o ne a le teng e le motsamaisa tiro.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090319153659/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hfV75EHUookBtBk2OlprGZBpDTzgD9702PV01 "Army puts Madagascar opposition leader in charge", Associated Press,] March 17, 2009.</ref> Rajoelina o ne a tlhoma High Authority of the Transition (HAT) go nna yone e e busang, Ratsirahonana o ne a thapiwa go nna mongwe wa maloko a HAT a a masome mane le bone ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ngwaga wa 2009. == Metswedi == i4ayg757phe42i6a0xlfm7w88wd15kb 0 13199 49716 49696 2026-05-02T03:39:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Clemens Kashuupulwa.jpg|thumb|Clemens Kashuupulwa, 2023]] '''Clemens Handuukeme Kashuupulwa''' (o o tshotsweng kwa Ngwanatsele a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1948) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Namibia]]. Ke molaodi wa kgaolo ya [[Oshana]] fa e sale ka 1998. O ne a thapiwa gape ke tautona [[Hifikepunye Pohamba]]<ref name=":0">[https://allafrica.com/stories/201504141372.html "'People Say I'm the Second Mugabe'",] ''New Era'', 14 April 2015.</ref> ka 2010 a thapiwa gape ke tautona [[Hage Geingob]] ka Moranang 2015 morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2014.<ref>[https://www.namibian.com.na/president-announces-governors/ "President announces governors".] [[:en:The_Namibian|''The Namibian''.]] 10 April 2015.</ref> Fa e sale ka 1997 Kashuupulwa ke leloko la komiti ya legare ya [[SWAPO]].<ref>Hopwood, Graham (2007). "Clemens Handuukeme Kashuupulwa". ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110611173650/http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=84 Who's Who in Namibian Politics]''. Namibia Institute of Democracy (NID). Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611173650/http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=84 the original] on June 11, 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> Pele ga a nna molaodi, Kashuupulwa e ne e le mokhanselara wa kgaolo ya botlhophi ya [[Okatana]] kwa Oshana. Ka ditlhopho tsa 2004 tsa kgaolo o ne a iponela ditlhopho di le dikete tse tlhano, makgolo a supa masome a mararo le motso mo ditlhophong di le dikete tlhano, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi tse di neng di amogetswe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042926/http://www.lac.org.na/laws/2005/3366.pdf "Electoral Act, 1992: Notification of Result of General Election for Regional Councils"] (pdf). ''Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia''. No. 3366. [[:en:Government_of_Namibia|Government of Namibia]]. 3 January 2005. p. 7.</ref> Fa a bua ka Moranang 2015, Kashuupulwa, o ka nako e o e neng e le molaodi wa Namibia o o busitseng lobaka lo loleele, o ne a latola o kgalwa ga go busa lobaka ga gagwe, are go tshwanetswe go lebaganwa le tiro ya gagwe le tse a di fitlheleltseng mo go okameleng ditlhabololo tsa itsholelo kwa Oshana.<ref name=":0" /> Kashuupulwa o ne a fiwa tlotla ya ba ba tlhomogileng ka maemo a ntlha ka letsatsi la bagaka kwa Namibia ka 2014.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180629064451/https://www.newera.com.na/2014/08/28/namibians-honoured-by-president/ "Namibians honoured by President"]. [[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|''New Era''.]] 28 August 2014. Archived from the original on 29 June 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 1xvej95hyazv5zlw5olg8n8jc3d88za 0 13207 49712 49709 2026-05-01T18:36:58Z Dumbassman 6831 49712 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Siyabonga Mlungisi Shibe''' (o tshotswe ka di 23 Tlhakole 1978) ke modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa go tswa kwa [[:en:Umlazi|Umlazi, kwa KwaZulu-Natal]].<ref>[https://iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/rising-star-finds-his-fame-and-fortune-925279&grqid=xu3QAfg_&s=1&hl=en-ZA/ "Rising star finds his fame and fortune".] iol.co.za. Retrieved 11 March 2020.</ref> == BOTSHELO JWA PELE == Shibe o tshotswe a bo a golela kwa [[:en:Umlazi|Umlazi]], Kwazulu-Natal. O ne a tsena Sekolo se Segolwane sa Ganges, koo barutabana ba gagwe ba neng ba mo kgothaletsa go dira tiro ya go diragatsa. Fa a sa ntse a le ngwana, Shibe o ne a tla nna a tsaya karolo ka metlha mo metshamekong tsa baagi kwa Umlazi. Fa a sena go fetsa sekolo se segolo, o ne a ya go ithuta drama kwa Technikon Natal.<ref>[https://www.filmcontact.com/south-africa/shibe-back-scandal&grqid=kUtC-aLg&s=1&hl=en-ZA "Shibe back via Scandal!"]. Retrieved 11 March 2020.</ref> Shibe, mmogo le baithuti ka ene ba bangwe kwa Technikon Natal, ba ne ba tlhama setlhopha sa bobogelo se se bidiwang Amagugu. Fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe o ne a ya kwa [[Johannesburg]] go ya go tswelela ka toro ya gagwe ya go nna modiragatsi.<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/sundayworld/lifestyle/2018-06-06-siyabonga-shibe-on-raising-his-son-i-took-him-with-me-to-durban/&grqid=dD4M4Ndt&s=1&hl=en-ZA/ "Siyabonga Shibe on raising his son - i took him with me to durban"]. sowetanlive.co.za. 6 June 2018. Retrieved 11 March 2020.</ref> Siyabonga Shibe ke rraagwe Yena Realeboga Shibe age 11. == METSWEDI == 71oy9bu3k8spv6mcfdkn6kzgz43js96 0 13208 49711 49710 2026-05-01T18:35:08Z Dumbassman 6831 49711 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stelio Savante''' (o tshotswe ka Moranang 24, 1970),<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22SA-born+actor+Savante+having+a+smashing+time+in+Tinseltown%22.+The+Star.+Gauteng.+21+February+2012.+Archived+from+the+original+on+24+September+2015.+Retrieved+20+July+2014+%E2%80%93+via+HighBeam+Research.&oq=%22SA-born+actor+Savante+having+a+smashing+time+in+Tinseltown%22.+The+Star.+Gauteng.+21+February+2012.+Archived+from+the+original+on+24+September+2015.+Retrieved+20+July+2014+%E2%80%93+via+HighBeam+Research.&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOdIBCDI3MDdqMGo0qAIAsAIB&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 "SA-born actor Savante having a smashing time in Tinseltown"]. ''The Star''. Gauteng. 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2014 – via HighBeam Research.</ref> modiragatsi wa Aforika Borwa. Morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa bobogelo jwa konteraka jwa ga Lort, Savante o ne a amogelwa thata ka ntlha ya dikarolo tsa gagwe mo motseletseleng wa thelebišene le difilimi, go akaretsa le go tshameka le Zachary Levi, le Sonequa Martin-Green, mo filiming ya botshelo jwa Amazon MGM ya Sarah's Oil, go lebagana le Elizabeth Tabish le Elizabeth Bomigrant mo terameng ya terama ya go tabogela Mohau, kgatlhanong le Anne Heche, mo tiragalong ya gagwe ya bofelo ya filimi mo noir Se se Setseng, kgatlhanong le Jim Caviezel le Claudia Karvan mo filiming e e tlhotlheletsang ya sepolotiki ya Infidel, le mo terameng ya Aforika Borwa ya epic ya Mebala ya Legodimo. Ka 2007 o ne a nna monna wa ntlha yo o tsholetsweng mo Aforika Borwa yo o tlhophilweng go bona awate ya Mokgatlho wa Badiragatsi ba Sekerini (Setlhopha se se Gaisang mo Metlaeng) ka ntlha ya seabe sa gagwe se se boaboelediwang mo Ugly Betty se se neng sa latelwa ke dikarolo mo difiliming tsa setudio tsa My Super Ex-Girlfriend le Starship Troopers 3: Marauder. O itsege gape ka dikarolo tsa ga Moshe mo motseletseleng wa baebele wa The Chosen, le lentswe la ga Ajax mo metshamekong ya dibidio ya Call of Duty: Black Ops 4 le Call of Duty: Mobile. == Metswedi == {{reflist}} 0gk8kkm6dryisqrtdfenr8q7i1g0u9k 0 13209 49713 2026-05-01T20:11:51Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348747201|GALZ]]" 49713 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GALZ''' ke mokgatlho wa Batho ba LGBTI kwa Zimbabwe (o pele e neng e le Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe) ke mokgatlho o o neng wa tlhongwa ka 1990 kwa [[Harare]] go thusa ditlhokego tsa baagi ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, ba ba fetotseng bong le ba bong jo bo tlhakaneng ([[LGBTI]]) kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ponelopele ya GALZ ke "setšhaba se se siameng se se rotloetsang le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba LGBTI jaaka baagi ba ba lekanang kwa Zimbabwe".<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref> GALZ ke mokgatlho o mogolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng leo o o dirang ka tlhamalalo go rotloetsa, go emela le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa baagi ba LGBTI. E dirisana thata le mekgatlho e mengwe e e seng ya puso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho le balekane ba yone ba kgaolo, mme e nnile le seabe mo matsholong a le mmalwa a a kwa godimo. Mokgatlho o tsamaisa lefelo la didirisiwa kwa Harare le le tlamelang ka kgakololo ya seporofešenale, itlosobodutu le ditiro tsa thuto go maloko, mme o amega mo letsholong la dintlha tse di anameng jaaka go fitlhelela kalafi ya HIV.<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ "Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum"]. Archived from [http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ the original] on 2018-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> E dira tiro ya yone kgatlhanong le lemorago la pogiso le kgatelelo ya batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang kwa Zimbabwe: mo ditsong, Puso, Tautona, le baeteledipele ba kereke ba rotloeditse letlhoo la thatano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, mme go na le go tlhoka go itshokelana ka kakaretso ga setšhaba mo pharologanong ya thobalano kgotsa ya bong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kubatana - Archive - Hot Seat: GALZ on plight of homosexuals in Zimbabwe - SW Radio Africa - Apr 09, 2010 |url=http://www.archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/hr/100409swradio.asp?sector=HR&year=2010&range_start=631}}</ref> == Ditso == == Metswedi == kcf45qrfzuaxg0nmzbptaf567kzzlzq