Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2989 49813 35000 2026-05-08T04:17:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{fix}} {{two other uses|the computer game genre|the novel by Andrew Greeley|God Game (novel)|the video game publishing company formerly known as God Games|Gathering of Developers}} {{Simulation VG}} Motshameko wa '''god game''' <ref>Kosak, Dave, [http://uk.pc.gamespy.com/pc/black-white-2/515016p1.html Black and White 2 E3 Preview (PC)], ''GameSpy'' Motsheganong a tlhola lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone,e ntshitswe ka Hirikgong ale lesome ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boroba bobedi</ref> ke yo o etsisang setho<ref name="fundamentals"></ref>yo o latlhelang motshamiki mo maemong a go laola motshameko ka bophara, jaaka motshamiki yo nang le semoya kgotsa tlhaloganyo/nonofo e e seng ya senama, jaaka moeteledi pele yo mogolo, kgotsa yo senang boene bongwe jo bo kwadilweng(jaaka mo ''Spore'' ), ebo e baya motshamiki wa go nna jalo mo maemong a go laola kafa motshameko o tshamikiwang ka teng a nale setho sengwe se a tshanetseng go se tlhokomela. Se ga se a tshwanelwa go tlhakatlhakanngwa legod mode, se e leng seelo se se bonwang mo metshamekong e mengwe ya motshikinyego( e go lopiwang motshamiki ka mabaka a tseitso) fa boleng ba motshamiki bo newang gosa bonale kgotsa ka go ithaopa kana gotlhe. == Tlhaloso == Metshameko ya God Game ke e e etsisangsetho,fa batshamiki ba dirisang nonofo ya masaitseweng go tlotleletsa baobamedi. Moono wa motshameko yo wa motshikinyego o pharologanyo thata le wa metshameko e mengwe, ka gore batshamiki ba palelwa kgotsa ga ba kgone go bolelela ditlhopha tse dingwe se ba ka se dirang, lefa motshameko wa god game okatswa o santse o letla padisanya fa gare ga batlhabani. Moono wa motshameko o farologana gape le wamotshameko wa kago kgotsa tlhokomelo, ka lebaka la gore motshameko o ikaegile thata mo go godiseng le go dirisa dinonofo kgotsa maatla a selegodimo go rotloetsa baobamedi.<ref name="fundamentals"></ref> == Kago ya Motshameko == Motshameko wa God game o letla batshamiki go tsaya karolo ya Modimo mme ba nale maatla a a lekanyeditsweng ko tlase ga a Modimo, go tswana le medimo gotswa mo mythology of ancient Greece. Nonofo ya motshamiki etswa mo baobameding ba gagwe, ba gantsi ba leng bo bone kgotsa bale semorafe ka tlholego. Ke tlwaelo gore batho bale bantsi mo motshamekong wa god game ba tshwane. Pele motshameko yo one o tsentse fela batho ba e leng borre le bomme ba bagodi,fa ''Black and White'' ene ya tsenye bana. Batshamiki ba tshwanetse go dirisa nonofo e ba nang le yone ka botswerere, e ba nnang le yone ka lebaka la gore ba nale baobamedi bale kae .Motshamiki o dirisa nonofo ya gagwe ka go dirisa maatla a selegodimo go thusa baobamedi ba gagwe, jaaka go segofatsa dimela tsa bone kgotsa bo diga dithata gore ba tle ba nne le mafelo a ba ka agang masimo a bone. Se se tlisa tsiboso e e nang le boleng ,fa jaanong motshamiki a nnang le nonofo e ntsi go thusa setshaba sa gagwe e e mo thusang go nna le maatla. Lefa go ntse jalo gore a nne le nonofo e ntsi o tlhokana gape le maatla a mantsi,mme mo gantsi go tsaya bokaojwa tshenyako e e tseneletseng ya go seya ditshaba go nale gore motshamiki a tokafatse matshelo a baobamedi ba gagwe. Motshameko yo o leba dilo go tswa ko godimo,e tshwanang le se se diragalang mo metshamekong e e etsisang setho kgotsa ya real-time strategy game.<ref name="fundamentals">{{cite book|last=Rollings|first=Andrew|authorlink=|coauthors=Ernest Adams|title=Fundamentals of Game Design|publisher=Prentice Hall|date=2006|location=|url=http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html|access-date=2011-10-30|archive-date=2017-12-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231072651/http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_gamedev_1/54/14053/3597646.cw/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> God games di kaiwa ele tse di etsisang setho ka gore batshamiki ba leba sectshaba se bone ba kgonang go se laola sone se sena kitgso ya se se diragalang. Ere ntswa God game e arogana thata dilo dingwe le metshameko e mo go yone go agiwang kgotsa go dirwang tlhokomelo kana e edirisang karolo ya go etsisa setho, batshamiki ba god game bone ba kgona fela go laola morafe wa bone osa itse. Ga ba kgone go bolelela ditlhophana dingwe gore di dire eng,jaaka go diragala mo metshamekong e mengwe,lefa batshamiki ba gonwe ba kgona go phadisanya le batshamiki ba bangwe ba dirisa merafe kgotsa balatedi ba bone. Mo godimo ga mo,batshamiki ba neetswe maatla a lekanang le a modimo golo mo go sa bonaleng mo metshamekong e mengwe, jaaka maatla a go laola loapi, go fetola bopego ya lefatshe,le go segafatsa kgotsa go hutsa merafe e mengwe e farologaneng<ref name="fundamentals"></ref> == Ditso == {{See also|Chronology of god video games}} Ere ntswa go nale tlotleletso e ntsi mo god game, motshameko wa ntlha god game one wa bonwa kgotsa wa simololwa ''go itsewe'' gotswa ka ngwaga wa leosme la motso,masome a robang bobedi le borobabongwe (1989).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.next-gen.biz/features/50-greatest-game-design-innovations?page=0%252C3 | title = 50 Greatest Game Design Innovations | author = Edge Staff | date = 2007-11-01 | accessdate = 2008-12-28 | publisher = Edge | archive-date = 2010-12-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101223063624/http://www.next-gen.biz/features/50-greatest-game-design-innovations?page=0%2C3 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="IGNhof">{{cite web | url = http://games.ign.com/halloffame/populous.html | title = IGN Hall of Fame: Populous | publisher = [[IGN]] | date = 2008 | access-date = 2011-10-30 | archive-date = 2013-11-04 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131104120533/http://games.ign.com/halloffame/populous.html | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name="whatsnext">{{cite web | url = http://www.designersnotebook.com/Lectures/God_Games/god_games.htm | publisher = Designer's Notebook | author = Ernest Adams | title = What's Next for God Games | date = 2008 | access-date = 2011-10-30 | archive-date = 2015-09-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150923213755/http://www.designersnotebook.com/Lectures/God_Games/god_games.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref> O dirile kePeter Molyneux wa Bullfrog Productions,<ref name="IGNhof"></ref> motshameko yo one wa tsepamisa motshameko yo mo go one batshamiki ba bonang nonofo ka lebaka la baobamedi ba bone.<ref name="whatsnext"></ref> Motshameko one wa itsagala ka go fa batshamiki nonofo mo godimo ga lefatshe le tlholego, e e ka dirisiwang bosula kgotsa molemo<ref name="IGNhof"></ref> mme karolo e ngwe ya motshameko yo ene ya rotloediwa ke real-time strategy games ka go laola mo go seng kafa sephiring.<ref name="whatsnext"></ref> Dingwe tsa matlhasedi a a neng a gapa maikutlo ke a motshameko wa ActRaiser for the Super Nintendo ka ngwaga wa 1990.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wii.ign.com/articles/793/793000p1.html | publisher = [[IGN]] | title = ActRaiser VC Review | author = Lucas M Thomas | date = 2007-05-30 | accessdate = 2010-05-23 | archive-date = 2007-06-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070602181513/http://wii.ign.com/articles/793/793000p1.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> Ene gape ya nna thotloetso mo real-time strategy hybrid ''Dungeon Keeper'' ,<ref name="whatsnext"></ref> e e neng ya dirwa ke Molyneux ka ngwaga wa 1997.<ref>{{citeweb |url=http://www.gamespot.com/pc/strategy/dungeonkeeper/ |title=Dungeon Keeper on PC|publisher = [[GameSpot]] | accessdate= 2008-02-14}}</ref> Molyneux's ''Black &amp; White'' one thata a rotloediwa ke motshameko wa ''Populous'' .<ref>{{cite web | url = http://pc.ign.com/articles/082/082486p1.html | title = Top 25 PC Games of All Time | publisher = [[IGN]] |date = 2000-07-24 }}</ref> Mo mosokelatsebeng jaaka ya ''iOS'' go nale gape dikai tse di pharologanyo jaaka tsa ''Pocket God'' tse di nang le motshameko yo le wa ''Doodle God'' o mo go one o dirisang megopolo ya gago go bonagatsa lefatshe lele dirilweng. == Tse di lateng ketse di dirisitsweng go batla kitso ee kwadilweng fa == {{Reflist}} {{VideoGameGenre}} [[Category:Metshameko ya motshikinyego e mengwe]] [[Category:Metshameko ya God games]] 5ximo13ksaq4mb60jetdlv8gselzizl 0 3300 49808 37278 2026-05-07T20:20:52Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse ditshupiso 49808 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi.jpg|thumb|Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi]] '''Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi''' ke Motswana, mokwaladikgang gape le ke lepolotiki la pathi ya Botswana Democratic Party. O ne a tlhophiwa mo khuduthamageng ya sechaba ka ngwaga wa 1999 e le mongwe wa leloko le le kgetlhegileng go tlhophiwa gape a tlhophiwa mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041108&i=Parley_elects_special_MPs | title = Parley elects special MPs | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Venson-Moitoi e ne e le tona wa mebereko, dipagamo le ditlhaeletsanyo go tsweng ka ngwaga wa 2001 go ya kwa go wa 2002 gape le tona wa dipapadi, madirelo, diphologolo le bojanala go tsweng ka ngwaga wa 2002 go ya kwa go 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20011109 | title = Venson is new minister of works | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20020122 | title = Mogae reshuffles cabinet | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> O ne a tlhomiwa go nna tona wa ditlhaeletsanyo le maranyane kwa khuduthamageng ka ngwaga wa 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041110 | title = Mogae appoints cabinet -Ten new faces - Five women | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>"Mogae appoints cabinet -Ten new faces - Five women". Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 7 December 2007.</ref> Mo khudutlhamageng ya ngwaga wa 2009, Venson-Moitoi o ne a tlhomiwa go nna tona wa ditlhaeletsanyo,maranyane le kakanyo. O ne a tla ka metlhale ya go tlhabolola itsholelo ya lefatshe ka tiriso ya Maranyane a ICT. Ebile o ne a akaretsa tiriso ya maranyane mo dithung tsa baithuto,mo e le nngwe tsela ya go tlhabolola maduo a bone. Mme Venson o direla kwa lephateng la thuto e le tona wa lone.O ikemiseditse go thusa baithuti le barutabana ka tsotlhe dithuso tse ba ka di tlhokang. Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi o ne a tswa ka leano la go thusa baithuti ba dikolo tsa ithutelo tiro ka go ba duelela madi gore ba tsene dikolo kwa mafatsheng a sele, se e le tsele ya gore ba atswe maranyane le kitso tsa mafatshe a sele mme e re morago ba bowa ba kgone go tla go thusa lefatshe mo go tlhabologeng. ==Tshoboko== Venson o diretse lefatshe la Botswana ka lobaka le le leele. Ke ka moo a nang le tirisanyo mmogo le maloko a palamente.Bopelotele jwa gagwe mo tirong bo thusa lefatshe go tswelela le tlhabologa. Botswerere jwa gagwe bo ka nna jwa felela bo dirile gore a felele a tlhophilwe go nna mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Commonscat|Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi}} *[http://www.mcst.gov.bw/mcstcontent.php?mcst=aboutmcst&amp;catid=2 Profile on Ministry of Communications, Science, and Technology homepage] {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Venson-Moitoi, Pelonomi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = 1951-05-31 | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Venson-Moitoi, Pelonomi}} [[Karolo:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya palamente]] [[Karolo:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] qpxxirmg8opoev4hhhjvujsuiyj1ety 49809 49808 2026-05-07T20:22:14Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse metswedi le di linki 49809 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi.jpg|thumb|Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi]] '''Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi''' ke Motswana, mokwaladikgang gape le ke lepolotiki la pathi ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]]. O ne a tlhophiwa mo khuduthamageng ya sechaba ka ngwaga wa 1999 e le mongwe wa leloko le le kgetlhegileng go tlhophiwa gape a tlhophiwa mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041108&i=Parley_elects_special_MPs | title = Parley elects special MPs | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Venson-Moitoi e ne e le tona wa mebereko, dipagamo le ditlhaeletsanyo go tsweng ka ngwaga wa 2001 go ya kwa go wa 2002 gape le tona wa dipapadi, madirelo, diphologolo le bojanala go tsweng ka ngwaga wa 2002 go ya kwa go 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20011109 | title = Venson is new minister of works | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20020122 | title = Mogae reshuffles cabinet | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> O ne a tlhomiwa go nna tona wa ditlhaeletsanyo le maranyane kwa khuduthamageng ka ngwaga wa 2004.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20041110 | title = Mogae appoints cabinet -Ten new faces - Five women | publisher = Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) | accessdate = 2007-12-07}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>"Mogae appoints cabinet -Ten new faces - Five women". Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. Retrieved 7 December 2007.</ref> Mo khudutlhamageng ya ngwaga wa 2009, Venson-Moitoi o ne a tlhomiwa go nna tona wa ditlhaeletsanyo,maranyane le kakanyo. O ne a tla ka metlhale ya go tlhabolola itsholelo ya lefatshe ka tiriso ya Maranyane a ICT. Ebile o ne a akaretsa tiriso ya maranyane mo dithung tsa baithuto,mo e le nngwe tsela ya go tlhabolola maduo a bone. Mme Venson o direla kwa lephateng la thuto e le tona wa lone.O ikemiseditse go thusa baithuti le barutabana ka tsotlhe dithuso tse ba ka di tlhokang. Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi o ne a tswa ka leano la go thusa baithuti ba dikolo tsa ithutelo tiro ka go ba duelela madi gore ba tsene dikolo kwa mafatsheng a sele, se e le tsele ya gore ba atswe maranyane le kitso tsa mafatshe a sele mme e re morago ba bowa ba kgone go tla go thusa lefatshe mo go tlhabologeng. ==Tshoboko== Venson o diretse lefatshe la Botswana ka lobaka le le leele. Ke ka moo a nang le tirisanyo mmogo le maloko a [[Palamente ya Botswana|palamente]].Bopelotele jwa gagwe mo tirong bo thusa lefatshe go tswelela le tlhabologa. Botswerere jwa gagwe bo ka nna jwa felela bo dirile gore a felele a tlhophilwe go nna mothusa tautona wa lefatshe la [[Botswana]]. ==Metswedi== {{reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Commonscat|Pelonomi Venson-Moitoi}} *[http://www.mcst.gov.bw/mcstcontent.php?mcst=aboutmcst&amp;catid=2 Profile on Ministry of Communications, Science, and Technology homepage] {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Venson-Moitoi, Pelonomi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = 1951-05-31 | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Venson-Moitoi, Pelonomi}} [[Karolo:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya palamente]] [[Karolo:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] 9cnusnag7j2ahuktnml289m4kjmxrjy 0 3407 49802 31651 2026-05-07T18:44:18Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Olgatladi2020 moved page [[Kgosi ya Bangwaketsi, Seepapitso wa IV]] to [[Seepapitso IV]]: Sethogo a se a kwalwa sentle: setlhogo ga se a kwala maina sentle 31651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sources|date=December 2008}} Go utlwala fa kgosi kgolo ya Bangwaketse, Kgosi Seepapitso IV a sa tsoga. Mothusa Kgosikgolo, Kgosi Malope Gaseitsiwe o lotlegetse Bangwaketse ka bolwetsi jwa kgosi ya bone mo phuthegong ya kgotla mo Kanye ka Labobedi. Kgosi Gaseitsiwe o buile fa Kgosi Seepapitso a robaditswe kwa Gaborone Private Hospital. O tsweletse ka gore ngaka e e tlhokometseng Kgosi Seepapitso e kopile gore a ikhutse le gone gore a seka a tlholwa ke morafe. Morafe o ne wa supa fa go le botlhokwa go tshwara merapelo go rapelela kgosi. ==Botshelo jwa Moswi== '''Kgosi Seepapitso IV''' (o tlhokafetse ka Mopitlwe a tlhola masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2010), e ne e le kgosi ya ga Ngwaketse morafe wa [[Botswana|Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20100325&amp;i=Seepapitso_Mma_Leema_pass_on gov.bw]</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ga kgosi Bathoen II.O eteletse ntlo ya dikgosi makgetlho a le mantsi gape e ne e le mongwe wa dikgosi tsa mo Botswana yo o neng a fiwa tlotla e e kwa godimo e le ka fa a neng a rarabolola dikgang tse di masisi tsa merafe. Seepapitso o ne a le moemedi wa lefatshe la United States, moragonyana a nna wa lefatshe la China. ==Kgosi Malope o fiwa bogosi jwa Ngwaketsi== Malope ke ngwana wa bobedi wa wa ga Kgosi Seepapitso,o filwe setlilo sa bogosi ke mogolwe yo o kabong a ne a se filwe.Ka botsogo jo sa itekanelang o ne a bona go le matshwanedi go bo neela monnawe.Malope o ne a fiwa tlotla ya bogosi ke morafe wa ga Ngwaketsi morago ga leso la ga rragwe. ==Bokhutlo== Kgosi Seepapitso ke mongwe wa dikgosi tse di diretseng lefatshe la Botswana ka manontlhotlho le botswerere ka lobaka le leele.O ne a fiwa tlotla e e rileng mo lefatsheng ka botho le botswerere jwa gagwe mo tirong ya gagwe. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [https://web.archive.org/web/20111215100259/http://www.encounter.co.za/article/94.html Botswana/Kanye] [http://www.sesigo.org.bw/index.php?id=164%20- South East District] == Metswedi == {{reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Seepapitso, Kgosi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 2010 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seepapitso, Kgosi}} [[Category:Dingwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng]] [[Category:Dintsho tsa ngwaga wa 2010]] [[Category:Batshereganye ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana kwa lefatsheng la United States]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba batho ba kwa China]] [[Category:Dikgosi tsa Botswana]] inuv52lz0wye5fo8cttirc7tc6jmmwy 49804 49802 2026-05-07T18:53:14Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse dilinki 49804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sources|date=December 2008}} Go utlwala fa kgosi kgolo ya Bangwaketse, Kgosi Seepapitso IV a sa tsoga. Mothusa Kgosikgolo, Kgosi Malope Gaseitsiwe o lotlegetse Bangwaketse ka bolwetsi jwa kgosi ya bone mo phuthegong ya kgotla mo Kanye ka Labobedi. Kgosi Gaseitsiwe o buile fa Kgosi Seepapitso a robaditswe kwa Gaborone Private Hospital. O tsweletse ka gore ngaka e e tlhokometseng Kgosi Seepapitso e kopile gore a ikhutse le gone gore a seka a tlholwa ke morafe. Morafe o ne wa supa fa go le botlhokwa go tshwara merapelo go rapelela kgosi. ==Botshelo jwa Moswi== '''Kgosi Seepapitso IV''' (o tlhokafetse ka Mopitlwe a tlhola masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2010), e ne e le kgosi ya ga Ngwaketse morafe wa [[Botswana|Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20100325&amp;i=Seepapitso_Mma_Leema_pass_on gov.bw]</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ga kgosi Bathoen II.O eteletse [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|ntlo ya dikgosi]] makgetlho a le mantsi gape e ne e le mongwe wa dikgosi tsa mo [[Botswana]] yo o neng a fiwa tlotla e e kwa godimo e le ka fa a neng a rarabolola dikgang tse di masisi tsa merafe. Seepapitso o ne a le moemedi wa lefatshe la United States, moragonyana a nna wa lefatshe la [[China|China.]] Batho ba le bantsi kwa ntle ga melelwane ya kgaolo ya morafe wa Bangwaketse ba ne ba mo tlotla, mme ba le bantsi ba santse ba mo tlotla, mme ba mmona jaaka motshegetsi wa nnete wa [[Botswana]] le meono yotlhe ya yone ya go boloka ngwao ==Kgosi Malope o fiwa bogosi jwa Ngwaketsi== Malope ke ngwana wa bobedi wa wa ga Kgosi Seepapitso,o filwe setlilo sa bogosi ke mogolwe yo o kabong a ne a se filwe.Ka botsogo jo sa itekanelang o ne a bona go le matshwanedi go bo neela monnawe.Malope o ne a fiwa tlotla ya bogosi ke morafe wa ga Ngwaketsi morago ga leso la ga rragwe. ==Bokhutlo== Kgosi Seepapitso ke mongwe wa dikgosi tse di diretseng lefatshe la Botswana ka manontlhotlho le botswerere ka lobaka le leele.O ne a fiwa tlotla e e rileng mo lefatsheng ka botho le botswerere jwa gagwe mo tirong ya gagwe. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [https://web.archive.org/web/20111215100259/http://www.encounter.co.za/article/94.html Botswana/Kanye] [http://www.sesigo.org.bw/index.php?id=164%20- South East District] == Metswedi == {{reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Seepapitso, Kgosi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 2010 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seepapitso, Kgosi}} [[Category:Dingwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng]] [[Category:Dintsho tsa ngwaga wa 2010]] [[Category:Batshereganye ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana kwa lefatsheng la United States]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba batho ba kwa China]] [[Category:Dikgosi tsa Botswana]] mu7z8vw44ckmnx3idzwgzh9yptmuhp5 49805 49804 2026-05-07T18:59:30Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse metswedi 49805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sources|date=December 2008}} Go utlwala fa kgosi kgolo ya Bangwaketse, Kgosi Seepapitso IV a sa tsoga. Mothusa Kgosikgolo, Kgosi Malope Gaseitsiwe o lotlegetse Bangwaketse ka bolwetsi jwa kgosi ya bone mo phuthegong ya kgotla mo Kanye ka Labobedi. Kgosi Gaseitsiwe o buile fa Kgosi Seepapitso a robaditswe kwa Gaborone Private Hospital. O tsweletse ka gore ngaka e e tlhokometseng Kgosi Seepapitso e kopile gore a ikhutse le gone gore a seka a tlholwa ke morafe. Morafe o ne wa supa fa go le botlhokwa go tshwara merapelo go rapelela kgosi. ==Botshelo jwa Moswi== '''Kgosi Seepapitso IV''' (o tlhokafetse ka Mopitlwe a tlhola masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2010), e ne e le kgosi ya ga Ngwaketse morafe wa [[Botswana|Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20100325&amp;i=Seepapitso_Mma_Leema_pass_on gov.bw]</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ga kgosi Bathoen II.O eteletse [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|ntlo ya dikgosi]] makgetlho a le mantsi gape e ne e le mongwe wa dikgosi tsa mo [[Botswana]] yo o neng a fiwa tlotla e e kwa godimo e le ka fa a neng a rarabolola dikgang tse di masisi tsa merafe. Seepapitso o ne a le moemedi wa lefatshe la United States, moragonyana a nna wa lefatshe la [[China|China.]] Batho ba le bantsi kwa ntle ga melelwane ya kgaolo ya morafe wa Bangwaketse ba ne ba mo tlotla, mme ba le bantsi ba santse ba mo tlotla, mme ba mmona jaaka motshegetsi wa nnete wa [[Botswana]] le meono yotlhe ya yone ya go boloka ngwao.<ref>"Seepapitso IV: The last king standing". ''Thapelo Joseph Otlogetswe''. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2026.</ref> ==Kgosi Malope o fiwa bogosi jwa Ngwaketsi== Malope ke ngwana wa bobedi wa wa ga Kgosi Seepapitso,o filwe setlilo sa bogosi ke mogolwe yo o kabong a ne a se filwe.Ka botsogo jo sa itekanelang o ne a bona go le matshwanedi go bo neela monnawe.Malope o ne a fiwa tlotla ya bogosi ke morafe wa ga Ngwaketsi morago ga leso la ga rragwe. ==Bokhutlo== Kgosi Seepapitso ke mongwe wa dikgosi tse di diretseng lefatshe la Botswana ka manontlhotlho le botswerere ka lobaka le leele.O ne a fiwa tlotla e e rileng mo lefatsheng ka botho le botswerere jwa gagwe mo tirong ya gagwe. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [https://web.archive.org/web/20111215100259/http://www.encounter.co.za/article/94.html Botswana/Kanye] [http://www.sesigo.org.bw/index.php?id=164%20- South East District] == Metswedi == {{reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Seepapitso, Kgosi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 2010 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seepapitso, Kgosi}} [[Category:Dingwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng]] [[Category:Dintsho tsa ngwaga wa 2010]] [[Category:Batshereganye ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana kwa lefatsheng la United States]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba batho ba kwa China]] [[Category:Dikgosi tsa Botswana]] 3hjp0em77lmyttsjwa7kuwqj9m7tbpc 49806 49805 2026-05-07T19:01:03Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse dilinki 49806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{sources|date=December 2008}} Go utlwala fa kgosi kgolo ya Bangwaketse, Kgosi Seepapitso IV a sa tsoga. Mothusa Kgosikgolo, Kgosi Malope Gaseitsiwe o lotlegetse Bangwaketse ka bolwetsi jwa kgosi ya bone mo phuthegong ya kgotla mo Kanye ka Labobedi. Kgosi Gaseitsiwe o buile fa Kgosi Seepapitso a robaditswe kwa Gaborone Private Hospital. O tsweletse ka gore ngaka e e tlhokometseng Kgosi Seepapitso e kopile gore a ikhutse le gone gore a seka a tlholwa ke morafe. Morafe o ne wa supa fa go le botlhokwa go tshwara merapelo go rapelela kgosi. ==Botshelo jwa Moswi== '''Kgosi Seepapitso IV''' (o tlhokafetse ka Mopitlwe a tlhola masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2010), e ne e le kgosi ya ga Ngwaketse morafe wa [[Botswana|Botswana]].<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20100325&amp;i=Seepapitso_Mma_Leema_pass_on gov.bw]</ref> E ne e le ngwana wa ga kgosi Bathoen II.O eteletse [[Ntlo ya Dikgosi tsa Botswana|ntlo ya dikgosi]] makgetlho a le mantsi gape e ne e le mongwe wa dikgosi tsa mo [[Botswana]] yo o neng a fiwa tlotla e e kwa godimo e le ka fa a neng a rarabolola dikgang tse di masisi tsa merafe. Seepapitso o ne a le moemedi wa lefatshe la United States, moragonyana a nna wa lefatshe la [[China|China.]] Batho ba le bantsi kwa ntle ga melelwane ya kgaolo ya morafe wa Bangwaketse ba ne ba mo tlotla, mme ba le bantsi ba santse ba mo tlotla, mme ba mmona jaaka motshegetsi wa nnete wa [[Botswana]] le meono yotlhe ya yone ya go boloka ngwao.<ref>[https://otlogetswe.wordpress.com/2010/04/06/seepapitso-iv-the-last-king-standing/ "Seepapitso IV: The last king standing"]. ''Thapelo Joseph Otlogetswe''. 6 April 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2026.</ref> ==Kgosi Malope o fiwa bogosi jwa Ngwaketsi== Malope ke ngwana wa bobedi wa wa ga Kgosi Seepapitso,o filwe setlilo sa bogosi ke mogolwe yo o kabong a ne a se filwe.Ka botsogo jo sa itekanelang o ne a bona go le matshwanedi go bo neela monnawe.Malope o ne a fiwa tlotla ya bogosi ke morafe wa ga Ngwaketsi morago ga leso la ga rragwe. ==Bokhutlo== Kgosi Seepapitso ke mongwe wa dikgosi tse di diretseng lefatshe la Botswana ka manontlhotlho le botswerere ka lobaka le leele.O ne a fiwa tlotla e e rileng mo lefatsheng ka botho le botswerere jwa gagwe mo tirong ya gagwe. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== [https://web.archive.org/web/20111215100259/http://www.encounter.co.za/article/94.html Botswana/Kanye] [http://www.sesigo.org.bw/index.php?id=164%20- South East District] == Metswedi == {{reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Seepapitso, Kgosi | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = 2010 | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seepapitso, Kgosi}} [[Category:Dingwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng]] [[Category:Dintsho tsa ngwaga wa 2010]] [[Category:Batshereganye ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana kwa lefatsheng la United States]] [[Category:Baemedi ba Botswana]] [[Category:Baemedi ba batho ba kwa China]] [[Category:Dikgosi tsa Botswana]] qvee4ijbl4shwht82irgtkkjq9p4c0o 0 3422 49785 48094 2026-05-07T12:18:21Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse dikgoge tse di kwa nlte 49785 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> ==Rre Kgathi o akgola banana== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == 56e3agb3k3qmgbe8zp9s1zxzwjyk21e 49786 49785 2026-05-07T12:22:51Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse gore citation needed 49786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> ==Rre Kgathi o akgola banana== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara.<ref>Citation required</ref> Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == duxsmb77ytp3xuuuvz8kz4ecbkvymdf 49790 49786 2026-05-07T16:58:23Z Olgatladi2020 10646 49790 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> ==Rre Kgathi o akgola banana== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == 56e3agb3k3qmgbe8zp9s1zxzwjyk21e 49791 49790 2026-05-07T17:09:41Z Olgatladi2020 10646 /* Ngwao e botlhokwa */ 49791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> ==<!-- the whole paragraph hence forth require reviewing and citations. -->== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == 62fw9dr17smk42sjcfinl5ci8dav6io 49792 49791 2026-05-07T17:11:07Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke dirololotse 49792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == h7bqbwn9djokr80bt1g1k72nexvltqq 49793 49792 2026-05-07T17:15:32Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke buseditse setlhogo 49793 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> == Rre Kgathi o akgola banana == Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == n6qgj4xj1p0lwed218ev6sivsbyjh08 49794 49793 2026-05-07T17:18:53Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse kakanyo 49794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la khudutlhamaga ya Botswana gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> == Rre Kgathi o akgola banana<!-- Karolo e tlhokwa go kwalwa sesha e na le metswedi -->== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == sumdra1awyo98ogdqls91th2rcl5w6j 49796 49794 2026-05-07T17:39:57Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse link 49796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Shaw Kgathi|image=Shaw Kgathi (7663938712) (cropped).jpg|office=Minister of Defence, Justice and Security|predecessor=Dikgakgamatso Seretse|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_end1=2019|term_start1=31 October 2014|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Bobirwa (Botswana constituency)|Bobirwa]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]]|successor2=Taolo Lucas|birth_date={{birth date and age|1961|10|18|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|birth_place=[[Bobonong]], [[Bechuanaland]]{{citation needed|date=January 2020}}|nationality=Motswana|term_start2=2004|term_end2=2019}} '''Shaw Kgathi''' ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] . Ka ngwaga wa 2009 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tona wa banana,metshameko le ngwao . Ke leloko la [[khudutlhamaga ya Botswana]] gape o emetse Bobirwa. O ne kile a tshwara maemo a le mmmalwa, a akaretsa boeteledipele jwa metshameko kwa dikolong tse di kgolwane gape a nna mokaedi wa lephata la metshameko gape le itloso bodutu .<ref name="ss">{{cite web|author=Kedidimetse, Mpolokeng| url=http://www.sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6159&GroupID=6|title=Shaw Kgathi pledges to develop his ministry|publisher=''[[Sunday Standard]]''|date=November 9, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|title=Sports Runway: Enter Shaw Kgathi|publisher=''[[The Botswana Guardian]]''|date=October 30, 2009|accessdate=November 14, 2009|archive-date=November 5, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091105045302/http://www.guardiansun.co.bw/newsdetails.php?nid=197&cat=Sports|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo go tlhophiweng ga gagwe, Kgathi o ne a ikana go tlhabolola lephata mo lobakeng lo a tlabong a le mo ofising, a tlhabolola botlhale le mabala a metshameko mo Botswana gape a rotloetsa mekgatlho ya banana jaaka wa Re Ba Bona Ha mo lefatsheng le a dumelang gore puso e tshwanetse go dirisa madi a mantsi mo go lone go lemoga gape le go rotloetsa botswerere Jwa metshameko mo lefatsheng.<ref name="ss"></ref> O ne a re , “Go nale botswerere kwa metsaneng jwa bath ba e kabong e se bontlha bongwe jwa mekgatlho e tswhwana le wa BOTESSA gape le BISA gape ba ka tlhoka ditsompelo tse ba ka di dirisang go tlhabolola botswerere jwa bone. Re rotloetsa metshameko yotlhe ka kakaretso go ipaya mo bogareng gore kgolo ya metshameko mo lefatsheng e tswelele.”<ref name="ss"></ref> == Rre Kgathi o akgola banana<!-- Karolo e tlhokwa go kwalwa sesha e na le metswedi -->== Banana bangwe ba motse wa Kanye ba inaakantse le mananeo a puso a banana ba dira dikgwebo e le tsela nngwe ya go itlhamela ditiro, go itshetsa le go godisa itsholelo ya lefatshe.Banana bao ba bagwebi ba babotlana ba supeditse Tona wa Banana,Metshameko le Ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi dikgwebo tsa bone fa a ne a di etetse go lekola ka fa ba dirang ka teng le dikgwetlho tse ba kopanang le tsone mo kgwebong.Mongwe bone Gaopalelwe Modietswane yo o mo kgwebong ya tsa maranyane ya (Internet caf) o boleletse tona gore o thusa batho ka tsa dikhompiutara, fax, go kopisa dipampiri le dikarolo tsa dikhompiutara. Rre Modietswane o dirile lekwalo la form 5 fela mme a tsaya botsipa jwa go dirisa dibalamakgolo kwa lebenkeleng le a neng rekisa kwa go lone fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe.A re o simolotse kgwebo ya gagwe ka go adima madi mo ditsaleng a bo a reka dikhompiutara tse tharo, mme morago ga ngwaga a ikwadisetsa go adima madi a dithuso tsa banana mme lephata leo la mo thusa ka P95 000 a mo go one a tlaa busang fela P45 000 yo a setseng a simolotse go mo duela.Rre Modietswane a re mo nakong eno o setse a simolotse kgwebo ya go rekisa difitlholo (coffee shop) a tlhalosa fa dikgwebo ka bobedi di dira sentle ebile a thapile banana ba le bararo.Mme Keolebogile Kgaodi ene o boletse fa a ikwadiseditse madi a dithuso tsa banana a le dingwaga di 28 ka ngwaga wa 2007 mme a dira kgwebo ya borotho e ka yone a rekisetsang dikole tse dipotlana di le tlhano, marekisetso a leokwane,le mabentlele a dijo. A re o thapile banana ba le babedi mo kgwebong e a tlhalositseng fa e dira sentle. ==Ngwao e botlhokwa== Tona wa banana, metshameko le ngwao Rre Shaw Kgathi o gwetlhile morafe go tlotlomatsa ngwao ya one.E rile a bua kwa phuthegong ya kgotla kwa Mabolwe beke e e fetileng, Rre Kgathi a leboga setlhopha sa koo sa mmino wa Sebirwa sa Sekgobokgobo go bo se gapile maemo a ntlha mo dikgaisanong tsa go ipelela malatsi a ga Tautona tse di sa tswang go feta, a re seo se tlotlomaditse ngwao ya Sebirwa ka jalo a gwetlha morafe gore le one o ithute o bo o tlotlomatse ngwao ya one.Rre Kgathi yo gape e leng mopalamente wa Bobirwa, o ne a supa gore lefatshe leno le latlhegelwa ke ngwao ntswa e na le mosola e bile e na le bokao jo bo rileng. O ne a gape a tlhalosa gore kapari ke karolo nngwe ya ngwao, a tswelela ka go supa matshwenyego a gore batho ba le bantsi mo malatsing ano ga ba apare jaaka ngwao ya Setswana e letla jaaka bomme ba ba aparang kapari e e ntshang mohubu.O ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le simolotse thulaganyo ya go kwala ngwao e e sa tshwaregeng jaaka ya diphitlho, manyalo le ditsamaiso tse dingwe tsa ngwao tsa merafe e e farologaneng. ==Dipadi tse dingwe== {{Reflist}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME = Kgathi, Shaw | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH = | PLACE OF BIRTH = | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kgathi, Shaw}} [[Category:Maloko a Phuthego ya Setshaba ya Botswana]] [[Category:Batho ba ba santseng bale mo botshelong ]] [[Category:Ngwaga tsa batho ba ba timetseng (batho ba ba mo botshelong)]] [[Category:Matona a puso ya Botswana]] {{Botswana-politician-stub}} == Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle == 4zioy3lavrzmi9kcrexrn53196ybjz8 0 8272 49795 43446 2026-05-07T17:35:30Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse dikarolo 49795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name='''Daniel Keatametse Kwelagobe'''|image=Daniel Kwelagobe.png|president=[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|president2=[[Quett Masire]]<br />[[Festus Mogae]]<br />[[Ian Khama]]<br />[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]|office1=Minister for Presidential Affairs|birth_name=Daniel Keatametse Kwelagobe|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=y|1943|09|01}}|honorific-prefix=[[His Honour]]|office3=Chairman of the [[Botswana Democratic Party]]|president3=[[Ian Khama]]}} '''Daniel Keatametse Kwelagobe''' (o tshotswe ka Lwetse a rogwa ka 1943) e ne e le Modulasetilo wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] mme pele o ne a dira e le Tona ya Merero ya Ofisi ya ga Tautona makgetho a le mabedi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.africa-confidential.com/whos-who-profile/id/1236/|title=Mr Daniel Kwelagobe|publisher=Africa Confidential|access-date=2009-10-18}}</ref> O ne a tsena Sekolo se segolwane sa Gaborone Secondary School. Go tloga ka 1968 o ne a dira tiro ya bobegadikgang pele ga a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki fa a ne a tsena mo Lekgotleng mme a nna Tona ya Kgwebo le tsa papadi, Tona ya Puso ya Tirelo ya Setšhaba, Tshedimosetso le Kgaso, mmogo le go direla jaaka Tona ya tsa mesepele tlhaeletsano, temothuo le matlo mo tirong ya gagwe. Kwelagobe e ne e le Mothusa Mokwaledi Mogolo wa Lekoko la gagwe go fitlha a nna Mokwaledi-Mogolo ka 1981,morago a nna tona ya Badiri le Merero ya Selegae go tloga ka 2000 go fitlha ka 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bw/viewprofile.php?fUserID=8|title=Hon. Minister Daniel Kwelagobe's PROFILE|publisher=UK Parliament Offices|access-date=2009-10-18|archive-date=2011-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706163022/http://www.parliament.gov.bw/viewprofile.php?fUserID=8|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gape o ne a direla e le Tona ya tsa ofisi ya ga Tautona le tsa Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba go fitlhela Tautona [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] a mo koba ka Moranang 2009.<ref>Raditsebe, Keletso (7 April 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120329060908/http://www.africanews.com/site/Botswana_Cabinet_minister_dropped/list_messages/24169 "Botswana: Cabinet minister dropped"]. ''Africa News''. Archived from [http://www.africanews.com/site/Botswana_Cabinet_minister_dropped/list_messages/24169 the original] on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 17 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} == Ditshupiso == * {{Cite news|url=http://sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=6009&GroupID=5|title=Botswana Constitution; what’s next?|accessdate=2009-10-18}}   * {{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/8312732.stm|title=Botswana ruling party wins poll|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-10-18}} == Dikarolo tse di kwa ntle == * [http://www.gov.bw/ Repaboliki ya Botswana] Government Site [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1943]] [[Karolo:Maloko a Khuduthamaga ya Puso ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Matona a Puso ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Mapolotoki a dingwaga tse dikete pedi le bongwe a Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana]] idzg4w3kqdjsoi529mynmanj2ubg4c7 0 8382 49815 29693 2026-05-08T06:13:19Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Lukulu | other_name = | native_name = | settlement_type = Toropo | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Zambia | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Zambia | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Zambia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Zambia|Province]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Western Province, Zambia|Western Province]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Zambia#Western Province|District]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Lukulu District]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = | population_as_of = | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = | timezone = [[Central Africa Time|CAT]] | utc_offset = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|14|24|30|S|23|16|0|E|region:ZA|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = | website = | footnotes = }} '''Lukulu''' ke toropo ya mmaraka mo Porofenseng ya Bophirima ya [[Zambia]], go bapa le noka ya Zambezi, le ntlokgolo ya kgaolo ya leina le le tshwanang. Tsela ya go tsena mo toropong e lekanyeditswe ke ditsela di le mmalwa fela tse di nang le pharakano e e tsamayang go tswa kwa toropong ya Kaoma go ya kwa toropong ya Watopa. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060422210630/http://www.visitzambia.co.zm/ Visit Zambia Campaign] {{Zambia-geo-stub}} 32u09ir6y0a9sv76y98pq5pbxtehbjx 0 8581 49807 45453 2026-05-07T20:00:25Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse di linki le dikarolo 49807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific-prefix = | children = | death_place = | citizenship = [[Botswana]] | nationality = [[Botswana|Motswana]] | party = [[Botswana Democratic Party]] | otherparty = | spouse = | partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--> | relations = | residence = | birth_place = | education = | alma_mater = [[University of Botswana]]<ref name="bio"/> | occupation = | profession = Politician | known_for = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = | death_date = | birth_date = | name = Peggy Serame | office1 = [[Minister of Finance (Botswana)|Minister of Finance and Economic Development]] | term_start1 = 16 April 2021 | president1 = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] | predecessor1 = [[Kenneth Matambo]] | successor1 = | term_end1 = | office2 = Minister of Investment, Trade and Industry | president2 = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] | term_start2 = 6 November 2019 | term_end2 = 16 April 2021 | predecessor2 = [[Bogolo Kenewendo]] | successor2 = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | honorific-suffix = | image =Peggy Serame, 2022.jpeg | image_size = | smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | alt = | caption = | birthname = | website = }} [[Setshwantsho:Peggy Serame signing (cropped).jpg|thumb|Peggy Serame]] Peggy Onkutliwe Serame ke tona ya tsa madi mo pusong ya Botswana kwa ga tlase ga tautona [[:en:Mokgweetsi_Masisi|Mokgweetsi_Masisi]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20221118092742/https://www.finance.gov.bw/images/NEWS/Honourable_Minister_Profile.pdf ministers profile]''www.finance.gov.bw/''.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/botswana-replaces-finance-minister-with-immediate-effect-statement-2021-04-17/ Botswana replaces finance minister with immediate effect]''Reuters'', April 17, 2021.</ref>go tsweng Moranang ka ngwaga wa 2021 go ya wa 2024. == Tiro ya bopolotiki == Pele a ka nna mo khuduthamageng ya puso,Sderame o berekile e le moitsenape wa tsa itsholelo kwa lephateng la tsa madi.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/the-rise-and-rise-of-peggy-serame/news The rise and rise of Peggy Serame]''Mmegi Online''. Retrieved 16 May 2022.</ref> Serame o berekile e le tona wa tsa kgwebo,theko le madirelo go tswa ka Mopitlo go fitlha ka Moranang 2021<ref>[https://www.gov.bw/sites/default/files/2020-03/PRESS%20RELEASE%20-CABINET%20APPOINTMENTS.pdf Press Release- Cabinet Appointments]''Government of Botswana''. Retrieved 16 January 2021.</ref>.Mme Serame e ne e le Motlatsa Mokwaledi wa Kakaretso wa Moporesitente go tloga ka Lwetse go fitlha ka Ngwanatsele 2019. Pele a tlhomiwa go nna Tona, o ne a le Mokwaledi wa leruri kwa Lefapheng la Dipeeletso, Kgwebo le Madirelo go tloga ka Ferikgong 2015 go fitlha ka Ngwanatsele 2019.<ref name=":0">[https://ejscenter.org/ejs-amujae-leaders/peggy-onkutlwile-serame/ Peggy Onkutlwile Serame-Ellen Johnson Sirleaf]1 April 2023. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> == Ditiro tse dingwe == * World Bank, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<ref>[https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/45fc8267f59fdf50a364f6538c2817e7-0330032021/original/BankGovernors.pdf Board of Governors]World Bank</ref> * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Bank Group, Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (since 2021)<ref>Board of Governors Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), World Bank Group.[https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/74f5b30623436ec21c47216433e5a2aa-0330032021/original/MIGAGovernors.pdf]</ref> == Thuto == Mme. Serame ke moitseanape wa tsa ikonomi yo o nang le dikirii ya Master's Degree mo go tsa ikonomi le Bachelor of Arts mo go tsa ikonomi le dipalopalo.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Serame o na le ngwana wa mosetsana yo o bidiwang Dineo Diana Tamia Serama le wa mosimane yo o bidiwang Kabelo Serame.<ref>Maphanyane, Tshepo (2 June 2020). "Daring to dream". ''TheVoiceBW''. Retrieved 16 January 2021.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210224181405/https://news.thevoicebw.com/2020/06/daring-to-dream/]</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> == Dilinki tse di kwa ntle == * Peggy Serame mo X [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Karolo:Botona ba merero ya madi ba Botswana]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Gaborone]] 8cvyrr17k0gu7lryff6quiiksoco47f 0 9412 49819 42552 2026-05-08T10:47:24Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg|incumbent=[[Duma Boko]]|term=Dingwaga tse tlhano|date=Ngwanatsele a rogwa ngwaga wa 2024|residence=State House|deputy=Mothusa tona wa Botswana}} '''Tautona wa Botswana''' ke [[moeteledipele wa lefatshe]], tlhogo ya puso ya [[Botswana]], [[moetapele wa lephata la tsa tshirelso lefatshe|moetapele wa lephata la tsa tshireletso lefatshe]] go ya ka molaomotheo wa [[Botswana]].<ref>[https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Botswana_2016 "Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016) Constitution – Constitute".] ''www.constituteproject.org''. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref> Tautona o tlhophiwa ke khuduthamaga, ebong palamente, gantsi ke moeteledipele wa phathi e tona. Molaomotheo o beile sebaka sa puso mo dingwageng tse tlhano gabedi. Tautona wa ntlha go tlhophiwa ka molaomotheo ke Sir [[Seretse Khama]], o e neng e le tonakgolo go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1966, morago a dira e le tautona go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka Phukwi a le lesome le boraro, ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[http://www.rulers.org/rulb1.html#botswana "Countries Ba-Bo".] ''www.rulers.org''. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref> Tautona wa gompieno ke [[Duma Boko]], o o tlhophilweng ke khuduthamaga ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa ngwaga wa 2024 morago ga ditlhopho tsa lefatshe tsa 2024. Tautona o ka ntshiwa mo setilong ka tshutiso ya go sa kgotsofalele ka fa a busang ka teng. == Setlha sa botautona == Tautona o tlhophiwa a bo a neelwa setlha sa dingwaga tse tlhano tse di mo setlheng sa [[National Assembly]].<ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2023 "Botswana: Freedom in the World 2023 Country Report".] ''Freedom House''. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref> Pele tautona o ne a kgona go busediwa fela makgetho a le mantsi. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1997, mo pusong ya tautona wa bobedi [[Quett Masire]], setlha sa botautona se ne sa dirisiwa ele la ntlha mo pusong.<ref>Padnani, Amisha (29 June 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/29/world/africa/ketumile-masire-dead-botswana-president.html "Ketumile Masire, Who Shaped and Led a Vibrant Botswana, Dies at 91"]. ''The New York Times''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0362-4331 0362-4331]. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref><ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210520204502/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/about-parliament/history "History"]. ''www.parliament.gov.bw''. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1998, tautona o ka nna mo setilong dingwaga di le lesome fela, di tlhomagana kgotsa di kgaogane.<ref name=":0" /> Tautona wa ntlha yo o lekantshitseng seelo sa setlha sa botautona ke [[Festus Mogae]] yo a neng a tshwanelwa ke go tlogela ka ngwaga wa 2008.<ref>Cook, Candace; Siegle, Joseph. [https://africacenter.org/spotlight/circumvention-of-term-limits-weakens-governance-in-africa/ "Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa".] ''Africa Center for Strategic Studies''. Retrieved 26 September 2025.</ref> Tautona mongwe le mongwe o fiwa madi a bogodi.<ref>[https://botswanalaws.com/consolidated-statutes/principle-legislation/presidents-pensions-and-retirement-benefits "PRESIDENTS (PENSIONS AND RETIREMENT BENEFITS)".] ''Botswana Laws''. Retrieved 26 September 2025</ref> == Tlhopho == Ka nako ya letsholo la ditlhopho tsa setshaba, bontlhopheng botlhe ba Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ba bolela gore ba tshegetsa mang go nna Tautona fa ba tsenya dipampiri tsa bone tsa go tlhopho. Fa lekoko kgotsa kgolagano e bona bontsi jo bo feletseng jwa maloko a palamente a a tlhophilweng mo ditlhophong tsa peomolao, ntlhopheng wa lone wa botautona, ka metlha e le moeteledipele wa lekoko kgotsa [[kgolagano]], o nna tautona yo mosha ka bonako ntle le go tlhoka tlhopho ya go beeletsa.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120804023106/http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/1.html#Ch4P1 "Constitution of Botswana 1966"]. ''www.commonlii.org''. Retrieved 28 Lwetse 2025.</ref><ref>[[:en:President_of_Botswana#CITEREFChaudry2009|Chaudry 2009.]]</ref><ref>[[:en:President_of_Botswana#CITEREFNtuane2006|Ntuane 2006.]]</ref> Mo tirisong, ka ditlhopho tsa peomolao di dirwa ka [[go tlhopha ga ntlha]], ditlhopho di ntse di tlhagisa mebuso ya bontsi jwa lekoko le le lengwe fa e sale ka ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa ntlha ka 1965 mme ka jalo ditlhopho tsa botautona ka Maloko a Palamente ga di ise di ko di diragale. Tautona o tlhophiwa ke maloko a Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba morago ga ditlhopho tsa setshaba tse di tlhagisang palamente e e senang mofenyi. Fa go ka direga gore go se nne le ntlhopheng ope yo o bonang bontsi jo bo bonolo, Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba e tlhopha tautona ka ditlhopho tsa sephiri, ka bontsi jo bo bonolo jwa palogotlhe ya Maloko a Palamente (ntle le Maloko a Palamente a a 'tlhophilweng ka tsela e e faphegileng') a a tlhokegang go fenya. Ditlhopho tse di lekanyeditswe fela go bontlhopheng ba lekoko la bone le nang le bonnye jwa mapalamente a le lesome. Fa, morago ga dikgato di le tharo tsa go tlhopha, go sa tlhophiwe ntlhopheng ope, dikgato tse pedi tsa tlaleletso di ka dumelelwa ke [[sebui]], fa go tsewa gore ditlhopho tse di atlegileng di sa ntse di kgonega. Fa dikgato tseno le tsone di ka palelwa ke go ntsha mofenyi, kgotsa fa sebui se ka gana go ntsha tetla ya dikgato tse dingwe, Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba e tla phatlaladiwa mme go tla tshwarwa [[ditlhopho tsa potlako]].<ref name=":1" /> Go falola ga ga tautona mo maemong a gagwe go ikaegile ka gore a puso ya bone [[e tshepiwa]] ke bontsi jwa Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba. Ba ka tlosiwa ka [[kakanyetso ya go tlhoka tshepo]], e e dirang gore ba tlogele tiro kgotsa fa go sa nna jalo, [[palamente e phatlaladiwe]] fa tautona a ka gana go dira jalo, se se tsosang ditlhopho tsa potlako. == Dithata tsa ga Tautona == Tautona ke tlhogo ya lefatshe, tlhogo ya puso le molaodi mogolo wa [[sesole sa Botswana]]. Ditshwanelo, maikarabelo le tuelo ya ga tautona di kwadilwe mo Kgaolong ya III ya [[Molaomotheo]] le ditiro tse di latelang tse di fetisitsweng ke Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba. Dithata tsa tiragatso tsa rephaboliki di beilwe mo maruding a ga tautona, yo o firang badiredi ba ba farologanyeng mo maemong a a kwadilweng mo Molaomotheong, tse di botlhokwa thata mo go tsone ke ditona tsa kabinete le Baatlhodi ba Boikuelo ba Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo. Tautona o tshwanetse go buisana le Kabinete mo mererong e e farologaneng ya melao. Tautona o ne a ka dumela kgotsa a gana tumelelo ya gagwe mo melaong e e fetisitsweng ke Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba. Fa Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba e ka fetisa molaokakanyetso gape Tautona o tla amogela kgotsa a gana tumelelo ya gagwe mo malatsing a le masome mabedi le motso, kgotsa a ka phatlalatsa Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba. Tautona o newa dithata tsa molaomotheo tsa go itsise maemo a tshoganyetso a setšhaba le go neelana ka maitshwarelo kgotsa go fetola ka kgakololo ya Komiti ya Bogakolodi ya Prerogative of Mercy. == Prime Minister of the Bechuanaland Protectorate == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! style="width:80px;" |Picture !Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}} !Elected !Took office !Left office !Political Party |- ! style="background:{{party color|Botswana Democratic Party}}; color:white;" |1 | |'''[[Seretse Khama]]''' {{small|(1921–1980)}} |[[1965 Bechuanaland general election|1965]] |3 March 1965 |30 September 1966 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- |} == Tautona wa Botswana (1966–go tsena gompieno) == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! style="width:80px;" |Picture !Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}} !Elected !Took office !Left office !Political Party |- ! 1 | |'''[[Seretse Khama]]''' {{small|(1921–1980)}} |[[1965 Bechuanaland general election|1965]] [[1969 Botswana general election|1969]] [[1974 Botswana general election|1974]] [[1979 Botswana general election|1979]] |30 September 1966 |13 July 1980 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 2 |[[Setshwantsho:QuettMasire1980_(cropped).jpg|107x107px]] |'''[[Quett Masire]]''' {{small|(1925–2017)}} |[[1984 Botswana general election|1984]] [[1989 Botswana general election|1989]] [[1994 Botswana general election|1994]] |18 July 1980 |31 March 1998 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 3 |[[Setshwantsho:Festus_Mogae_2009-06-23.jpg|99x99px]] |'''[[Festus Mogae]]''' {{small|(1939–)}} |[[1999 Botswana general election|1999]] [[2004 Botswana general election|2004]] |1 April 1998 |1 April 2008 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 4 |[[Setshwantsho:Ian_Khama_(2014)_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|107x107px]] |'''[[Ian Khama]]''' {{small|(1953–)}} |[[2009 Botswana general election|2009]] [[2014 Botswana general election|2014]] |1 April 2008 |1 April 2018 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 5 |[[Setshwantsho:Illegal_Wildlife_Trade_Conference_London_2018_(45245990491)_(cropped_Version_2).jpg|83x83px]] |'''[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]''' {{small|(1961–)}} |[[2019 Botswana general election|2019]] |1 April 2018 |Incumbent |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- !6 | |[[Duma Boko]] (1969) |2024 |Ngwanatsele a rogwa ngwaga wa 2024 |O o mo pusong |BNF (UDC) |- |} == Batshwareledi ba ga Tautona wa Botswana == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|No.|Number}} ! rowspan="2" style="width:80px;" |Portrait ! rowspan="2" |Name {{small|(Birth–Death)}} ! colspan="2" |Term of office ! rowspan="2" |Political party |- !Took office !Left office |- ! 1 |[[Setshwantsho:QuettMasire1980_(cropped).jpg|107x107px]] |[[Quett Masire]]{{small|(1926–2017)}} |13 July 1980 |18 July 1980 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 2 |[[Setshwantsho:No_image.png|80x80px]] |[[Lenyeletse Seretse]]{{small|(1921–1983)}} |26 July 1980 |29 July 1980 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 3 | |[[Peter Mmusi]]{{small|(1928–1994)}} |9 January 1983 |10 January 1983 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 4 |[[Setshwantsho:Festus_Mogae_2009-06-23.jpg|99x99px]] |[[Festus Mogae]]{{small|(born 1939)}} |9 March 1992 |31 March 1992 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 5 |[[Setshwantsho:Ian_Khama_(2014)_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|107x107px]] |[[Ian Khama]]{{small|(born 1953)}} |1 July 1998 |13 July 1998 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 6 |[[Setshwantsho:Mompati_Merafhe_071203-F-9074R-083_0YE9L.jpg|89x89px]] |[[Mompati Merafhe]]{{small|(1936–2015)}} |1 April 2008 |7 April 2008 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 7 |[[Setshwantsho:Ponatshego_Kedikilwe_(cropped_3x4).jpg|107x107px]] |[[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]]{{small|(born 1938)}} |1 August 2012 |1 August 2012 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 8 |[[Setshwantsho:Mokgweetsi_E.K._Masisi,_President_of_the_Republic_of_Botswana.jpg|112x112px]] |[[Mokgweetsi Masisi]]{{small|(born 1961)}} |1 April 2018 |1 April 2018 |[[Botswana Democratic Party|BDP]] |- ! 9 |[[Setshwantsho:Slumber_Tsogwane.JPG|95x95px]] |[[Slumber Tsogwane]]{{small|(born 1959)}} |1 April 2021 |26 April 2021 | |} == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Polotiki ya Botswana]] * [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa tautona wa Botswana]] == Metswedi == * [[Karolo:Bo tautona ba Botswana]] d1yf3uholco4p01vcrmscdfx3or1sfw 0 9529 49787 39186 2026-05-07T15:47:45Z ~2026-27802-31 12732 49787 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Salma Paralluelo|image=|caption=|full_name=Salma Celeste Paralluelo Ayingono|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|2003|11|13 }}<ref name=LL>{{cite web|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-ES/player/salma-paralluelo|title=Salma Paralluelo Women's First Division|website=[[La Liga]]|accessdate=20 March 2022|archive-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422000717/https://www.laliga.com/en-ES/player/salma-paralluelo|url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Zaragoza]], Spain<ref name=LL/>|height=1.74 m<ref name=LL/>|position={{ublist|[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]}}|currentclub=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|clubnumber=7|youthclubs1=San José|clubs1=[[Zaragoza CFF|Zaragoza CFF B]]|youthclubs2=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubs2=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubs3=[[Villarreal CF (women)|Villarreal]]|years3=2019–2022|caps3=37|goals3=23|years4=2022–2026|clubs4=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|caps4=36|goals4=29|nationalteam-update=20:12, 13 April 2024 (UTC)|club-update=22:02, 14 May 2024 (UTC)|nationalteam1=[[Spain women's national under-17 football team|Spain U17]]|nationalyears1=2018–2019|nationalcaps1=20|nationalgoals1=9|nationalteam2=[[Spain women's national under-19 football team|Spain U19]]|nationalyears2=2022|nationalcaps2=3|nationalgoals2=1|nationalyears3=2022|nationalteam3=[[Spain women's national under-20 football team|Spain U20]]|nationalcaps3=5|nationalgoals3=3|nationalteam4=[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]]|nationalyears4=2022–|nationalcaps4=22|nationalgoals4=12|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|[[Women's association football|Women's football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ESP}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia–New Zealand]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Nations League]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals|2024 France–Netherlands–Spain]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2022 Costa Rica]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2018 Uruguay]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2018 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship|2018 Lithuania]]|}} {{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{ESP}}}} {{MedalCompetition |[[European Youth Olympic Festival]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|2019 Baku]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival#Girls|400 m hurdles]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|2019 Baku]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival#Girls|Medley relay]]}}}} '''Salma Celeste Paralluelo Ayingono''' ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Salma_Paralluelo_Ayingono_audio.mp3 listen^ⓘ]; yo o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boraro ka 2003) ke motshameki wa moSpanish wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale ebile e le motabogi wa pele yo o tshamekang e le motshameki wa ka fa molemeng ko setlhopheng sa Liga F sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] le sa setshaba sa Spain. Ke motshameki wa ntlha go fenya dijana tsa lefatshe tsotlhe ka a fentse sa 2023, sa U-20 sa 2022 le sa U-17 sa 2018.<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/spain-salma-paralluelo-womens-world-cup-u-17-u-20-champion-2023 Paralluelo crosses finish line with third winners' medal]". ''FIFA.com''. FIFA. 21 August 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230908180812/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/spain-salma-paralluelo-womens-world-cup-u-17-u-20-champion-2023 Archived] from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</ref> == Botshelo ja pele == Paralluelo o tsholetswe kwa Zaragoza ele ngwana wa rraagwe wa moSpanish le mmaagwe wa mo Fang go tswa Equatorial Guinea,<ref>"[https://elpais.com/elpais/2020/10/23/eps/1603442614_907093.html Salma Paralluelo, la futbolista y velocista que bate todos los récords]". El País.</ref><ref name=":0">"[https://arainfo.org/continua-la-busqueda-de-florencio-ayingono-eworo-entrevista-con-su-madre-diosdada-ayingono/ Continúa la búsqueda de Florencio Ayingono Eworo | Entrevista con su madre, Diosdada Ayingono]".</ref> wa bofelo yo o ileng a fuduga go tswa kwa Equatorial Guinea gore morwa wa gagwe go tswa kwa botsalanong ja pele, yo o neng a na le bothata jo bogolo ja go tlhoka pono, a kgone go bona thuso ya bongaka e e botoka kwa Spain.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Sedimonthole wa 2012, fa lekawana leo le le dingwaga tse masome a mabedi le bongwe, le ne la nyelela kwa Zaragoza mme mmele wa gagwe wa bonwa kgwedi e e latelang.<ref>"[https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza/2012/12/17/denuncian-desaparicion-un-joven-universitario-zaragoza-215620-2261126.html Denuncian la desaparición de un joven universitario en Zaragoza]".</ref><ref>"[http://historico.aragondigital.es/noticia.asp?notid=103434 Aparece sin signos de violencia el cadáver del universitario desaparecido en Zaragoza]".</ref> Go tswa mo go se se boletsweng pele, o na le bo kgaitsadie ba le babedi, José Jaime le Lorenzo, botlhe ke batshameki ba kgwele ya dinao.<ref>"[https://www.elperiodicomediterraneo.com/deportes/2019/12/02/hermanos-paralluelo-brillan-fuerza-cantera-40953514.html Los hermanos Paralluelo brillan con fuerza en la 'Cantera Grogueta']". ''El Periódico Mediterráneo''. 2 December 2019.</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == Paralluelo ke maduo a UD San José le Zaragoza. Gape o tshameketse Zaragoza CFF le Villareal kwa Spain. Gape ke motlhophiwa wa seetsele sa FIFA Puskás Award sa 2022. O saenetse FC Barcelona kwa bofelong ja setlha sa 2021–22 morago ga gore tumalano ya gagwe le Villareal e te bokhutlong.<ref>"[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2673982/salma-paralluelo-signs-for-fc-barcelona Salma Paralluelo signs for FC Barcelona]". ''www.fcbarcelona.com''. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</ref> Ka setlha sa 2023–24 o ne a nosa dino tse nne mo phenyong ya kwa ntle ga gae ya dino tse supa go e le nngwe kgatlhanong le Real Sociedad.<ref>"[https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/salma-presente-futuro-barca-goleada-99282103 Salma fue el presente y el futuro del Barça en la goleada en Zubieta]". ''www.sport.es'' (in Spanish). 10 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</ref> == Tiro ya boditshabatshaba == O fentse UEFA Under-17 Championship ya 2018 , FIFA U-17 World Cup ya 2018 le FIFA U-20 World Cup ya 2022, a bo a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso wa 2022, a simolola ebile a nosa dino tse tharo mo phenyong kgatlhanong le Argentina. O ne a tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la setlhopha sa Spain sa sejana sa lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2023.<ref>"[https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-i-esta-es-la-lista-oficial-para-el-mundial-de-australia-y-nueva-zelanda La lista oficial para el Mundial de Australia y Nueva Zelanda]" [The official list for the World Cup in Australia and New Zealand] (in Spanish). [[:en:Royal_Spanish_Football_Federation|Royal Spanish Football Federation]]. 30 June 2023.</ref> Mo motshamekong wa quarter-finale kgatlhanong le Netherlands ka Phatlwe a le lesome le motso, o ne a nosa nno ya phenyo mo phenyong ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe morago ga nako e e okeditsweng, a fetisetsa Spain e le lantlha mo ditsong, kwa sekamakgaolakgannyeng a sejana sa lefatshe.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66470730 Women's World Cup 2023: 'Great day' as Spain reach first semi-final despite off-field issues]". BBC Sport. 11 August 2023.</ref> Ka Phatlwe a le lesome le botlhano ka 2023 a nosa nno mo phenyong ya Spain ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe kgatlhanong le Sweden go isa setlhopha sa gagwe kwa makgaolakgannyeng a tse dikgolo e le lantlha.<ref>Downey, Sophie (15 August 2023). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/aug/15/womens-world-cup-semi-final-spain-sweden-match-report Spain reach their first Women's World Cup final as late winner sinks Sweden]". ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0261-3077|0261-3077]]. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</ref> Morago ga go fenya makgaolakgang kgatlhanong le Enyelane, o a o tshamekileng e le mosimolodi, o ne a itsisiwe e le motshameki yo monnye yo o gaisitseng mo kgaisanong eo.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2023/08/20/64e237bd268e3e10378b45a5.html Salma Paralluelo, mejor jugadora joven del torneo: "Soy la mujer más feliz del mundo"]". ''MARCA'' (in Spanish). 20 August 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</ref> == Mabelo == [[Setshwantsho:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - 240422 213934.jpg|thumb|Paralluelo (centre) with Spain teammates [[:en:Aitana_Bonmatí|Aitana Bonmatí]] (left) and [[:en:Ivana_Andrés|Ivana Andrés]] at the 2024 [[:en:Laureus_World_Sports_Awards|Laureus World Sports Awards]]]] Fa ele motabogi, Paralluelo o simolotse tiro ya gagwe kwa San José Athletics club kwa Zaragoza. O fentse lebelo la tsela la Jean Bouin kwa Barcelona ka 2012 go ya go 2016 mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe. Ka Seetebosigo wa 2016, Paralluelo a tsaya karolo e le lantlha mo Spanish Championships mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe (U14) mme a fenya mo mehameng e meraro (hurdles tsa dimmethara tse masome a ferabobedi, shot put, mmethara tse masome a ferabobedi).<ref>Abad, Anna (25 October 2018). "[https://www.sportaragon.com/una-charla-con-salma-paralluelo/ ▷ Una charla con Salma Paralluelo]". ''SPORTARAGON.com'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka 2017 a fenya dihurdles tsa dimmethare tse masome amarataro kwa Spanish Indoor Championships tsa U16 mme a fetsa mo maemong a borataro mo hurdles tsa dimmethara tse lekgolo kwa National Outdoor Championship tsa U16 mo selemong seo. O ne a tsena kwa setlhopheng sa Scorpio-71 se e leng sone setlhopha se segolo sa mabelo kwa Zaragoza.<ref>BARCIA, IGOR (19 February 2019). "[https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/deportes/atletismo/salma-celeste-talento-20190219223152-ntvo.html Salma Celeste, el talento más deseado]". ''El Diario Montañés'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka 2018 Paralluelo a fenya dimmethara tse makgolo a mararo kwa Spanish Indoor Championships tsa U16 ka disekonte tse 39.46 mme a fetsa mo maemong a bobedi mo go tloleng triple jump (a tlola dimmethara tse 12.06) mo letsatsing lone leo.<ref>MARTÍ, R. (21 March 2018). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/deportes/2018/03/21/talento-puro-deporte-46804704.html Talento puro para el deporte]". ''El Periódico de Aragón'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Outdoor championships ka Phukwi, o ne a roba rekote ya nako yotlhe ya Spanish mo hurdles tse eseng tsa Olimpiki mo mohameng wa dimmethara tse makgolo a mararo ka nako e e fentseng ya 42.56.<ref>PERIÓDICO, EL (2 July 2018). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/deportes/2018/07/02/aragon-obtiene-brillante-repoker-nacional-46766045.html Aragón obtiene un brillante repóker en el Nacional sub-16]". ''El Periódico de Aragón'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Mo setlheng sa outdoor, mo lebelong la boraro la botshelo ja gagwe mo hurdles tsa dimmethara tse makgolo a mane kwa bokopanong ja Ibero-American Athletics Meeting kwa Huelva, Paralluelo a taboga nako ya 57.43, a roba rekote ya nako yotlhe ya Spanish sub-18 gape a roba le nako ya ngwaga o ya go nna yo o gaisitseng mo lefatsheng mo sub-18. Ka maduo ao o ne a iponna phatlha kwa European Youth Summer Olympic Festival ya 2019, kwa a fentseng dietsele tsa gauta di le pedi mo tiragatsong ya hurdles tsa dimmethara tse makgolo a mane, ka nako ya 57.95 le lebelo la neelano la dikgala ka go farologana. Ka 2019 a ya motsubong o ne a ya kwa Playas de Castellón. A fenya seetsele sa gagwe sa ntlha se segolo kwa Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships ka 2019, a fenya bronze mo tekong ya dimmethara tse makgolo a mane ka nako ya 53.83, seo e le rekote mo matlhakoreng a sub-18 le sub-20.<ref>"[https://www.runnersworld.com/es/noticias-running/a26419930/salma-celeste-paralluelo-deportista-total/ La deportista total tiene solo 15 años, es de Zaragoza y se llama Salma Paralluelo]". ''Runner's World'' (in European Spanish). 21 February 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref><ref>Cabeza, Gonzalo (17 February 2019). "[https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/atletismo/2019-02-17/salma-paralluelo-atletismo-futbol-maria-vicente_1829934/ Salma Paralluelo se carga de razones para ser atleta... pero el fútbol también pide la vez]". ''elconfidencial.com'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Maduo a o a mo letlelela go tsaa karolo kwa European Athletics Indoor Championships ka 2019.<ref>"[https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190222/salma-paralluelo-prodigio-campeona-mundial-futbol-estrella-atletismo-elegir-7318314 Salma Paralluelo, un prodigio a dos bandas]". ''www.elperiodico.com'' (in Spanish). 22 February 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Fa a le dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano le malatsi a le lekgolo le boferabongwe, o ne a nna motsayakarolo yo monnye go gaisa mo European Indoor Championships tse masome a mararo le botlhano, a le fa morago ga motabogi wa motsamai wa moNorwegian Kjersti Tysse (dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bone ka thulaganyo ya 1987) fela.<ref>"[https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/otros-deportes/20190301/salma-paralluelo-anos-despide-debut-europeos/379962725_0.html Salma Paralluelo, con 15 años, se despide en su debut en los 400 en los Europeos]". ''El Español'' (in Spanish). 1 March 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka Phukwi wa 2022 fa a sena go saena tumalano le [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]], Salma Paralluelo a bega fa a batla go lebagana fela le kgwele ya dinao mo bokamosong ka jalo a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ya mabelo.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/primera-division/2022/12/25/63a3470b46163f7b798b45ac.html Salma Paralluelo: "He flipado mucho con el nivel que hay en el Barça"]". ''MARCA'' (in Spanish). 25 December 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> == Dipalopalo tsa tiro == === Setlhopha === : ''go felela ka metshameko e e tshamekilweng ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi''<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/salma-paralluelo-ayingono/540559/ Salma Paralluelo] at Soccerway</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha, setlha le kgaisano ! rowspan="2" |Setlhopha ! rowspan="2" |Setlha ! colspan="3" |Liki ! colspan="2" |Kopi ! colspan="2" |Tsa kontinente ! colspan="2" |Tse dingwe ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe |- !Karolo !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="4" |Villarreal |2019–20 | rowspan="2" |Segunda División Pro |12 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |12 |5 |- |2020–21 |17 |15 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |17 |15 |- |2021–22 |Primera División |8 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |9 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !37 !23 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |– ! colspan="2" |– !38 !23 |- | rowspan="3" |Barcelona |2022–23 | rowspan="2" |Liga F |18 |11 |1 |2 |9 |1 |2 |1 |30 |15 |- |2023–24 |18 |18 |4 |4 |10 |6 |2 |4 |34 |32 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !36 !29 !5 !6 !19 !7 !4 !5 !64 !47 |- ! colspan="3" |Palogotlhe ya tiro !73 !52 !6 !6 !19 !7 !4 !5 !102 !70 |} === Tsa boditshabatshaba === : ''E sale ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Moranang a ferabongwe 2024'' {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso ledino go ya ka setlhopha sa setshaba le ngwaga !Setlhopha sa setshaba !Ngwaga !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="3" |Spain |2022 |2 |3 |- |2023 |16 |6 |- |2024 |4 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !22 !12 |} : ''Lenaane la dino le maduo a Spain kwa ntlheng, karolo ya dino e supa dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya ga Paralluelo.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Lenaane la dino tsa boditshabatshaba tse di nositsweng ke Salma Paralluelo !No. !Letsatsi !Lefelo !Moganetsi !Dino !Maduo !Kgaisano |- |1 | rowspan="3" |11 November 2022 | rowspan="3" |Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro, Melilla, Spain | rowspan="3" |Argentina |3–0 | rowspan="3" |7–0 | rowspan="3" |motshameko wa botsalano |- |2 |4–0 |- |3 |5–0 |- |4 | rowspan="2" |6 April 2023 | rowspan="2" |Estadi Municipal de Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain | rowspan="2" |Norway |3–1 | rowspan="2" |4–2 | rowspan="2" |motshameko wa botsalano |- |5 |4–1 |- |6 |5 July 2023 |Gladsaxe Stadium, Gladsaxe, Denmark |Denmark |2–0 |2–0 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |7 |11 August 2023 |Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington, New Zealand |Netherlands |2–1 |2–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |8 |15 August 2023 |Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand |Sweden |1–0 |2–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |9 |5 December 2023 |La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga, Spain |Sweden |1–1 |5–3 |2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League |- |10 | rowspan="3" |5 April 2024 | rowspan="3" |Den Dreef, Leuven, Belgium | rowspan="3" |Belgium |1–0 | rowspan="3" |7–0 | rowspan="3" |UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying |- |11 |3–0 |- |12 |4–0 |} == Ditlotla == '''FC Barcelona''' * UEFA Women's Champions League: 2022–23,<ref>Wrack, Suzanne (3 June 2023). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/03/barcelona-wolfsburg-womens-champions-league-final Rolfö caps Barcelona comeback against Wolfsburg to win thrilling WCL final]". ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0029-7712|0029-7712]]. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</ref> 2023–24<ref>"[https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/25/sport/barcelona-lyon-womens-champions-league-2024-spt-intl/index.html Barcelona retains Women's Champions League title, completing historic quadruple]". ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</ref> * Primera División: 2022–23, 2023–24 * Copa de la Reina: 2023–24 * Supercopa de España: 2022–23, 2023–24 '''Spain''' * FIFA Women's World Cup: 2023 * UEFA Women's Nations League: 2023–24<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 Women's Nations League final: World Cup winners Spain beat France 2–0 in Seville]". ''BBC Sport''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</ref> '''Spain U20''' * FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: 2022 '''Spain U17''' * UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship: 2018 * FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup: 2018 '''Tsa gagwe''' * FIFA Women's World Cup Young Player Award: 2023<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230821130542/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/fifa-womens-world-cup-awards-2023-all-the-winners FIFA Women's World Cup awards: Bonmati wins Golden Ball]". ''FIFA''. 20 August 2023. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/fifa-womens-world-cup-awards-2023-all-the-winners the original] on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> * 433 – Women's Talent of the Year: 2022–23<ref>"[https://www.instagram.com/p/CwzzJ5grvCf/ This just in... You have voted 𝐒𝐀𝐋𝐌𝐀 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐔𝐄𝐋𝐎 as the 𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑 of the 433 Awards: 2022-23 Women's Talent of the Year! ✨💎]". ''433''. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.</ref> * Hija Predilecta de Zaragoza (2023)<ref>Trigo, Iván (7 October 2023). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/fiestas-del-pilar/2023/10/07/zaragoza-distingue-hijos-predilectos-adoptivos-fiestas-del-pilar-medalla-de-oro-93065067.html Zaragoza distingue a sus hijos predilectos y adoptivos y entrega la Medalla de Oro al Grupo Carreras]". ''[[:en:El_Periódico_de_Aragón|El Periódico de Aragón]]''. [[:en:Prensa_Ibérica|Prensa Ibérica]].</ref> * Ballon d'Or Féminin 3rd place: 2023 * IFFHS Women's World's Best Youth Player: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3279 IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD BEST YOUTH (U20) PLAYER 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</ref> * IFFHS Women's World Team of the Year: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3298 IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</ref> * IFFHS Women's UEFA Team: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3342 IFFHS WOMEN'S UEFA TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</ref> * IFFHS Women's Youth (U20) UEFA Team: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3389 IFFHS WOMEN'S YOUTH (U20) UEFA TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 7 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.</ref> * Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year Nominee: 2024<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240409002518/https://www.tennisclubhouse.ca/en/post/novak-djokovic-iga-swiatek-and-coco-gauff-nominated-at-the-25th-laureus-world-sports-awards-all-y Novak Djokovic, Iga Swiatek and Coco Gauff nominated at the 25th Laureus World Sports Awards : All you need to know]". ''Tennis Clubhouse''. 8 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref> === Direkote === Mo bogompienong, Salma Parallueloo tshwere direkote tsa maSpanish tse di latelang mo dingwageng ka go faralogana:<ref>"[https://atletismorfea.es/ranking/historico/records Ranking]". ''Atletismo RFEA'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2024.</ref> ==== Under-18 ==== * 300m (38.60) * 300m hurdles (41.97) * 400m hurdles (57.36) * Medley relay (2:08.53, with Laura Pintiel, Esperança Cladera, and Carmen Avilés) * 400m indoor track (53.83) ==== Under-16 ==== * 300m hurdles (42.56) * 300m indoor track (39.27) == Metswedi == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/2672835/salma-paralluelo Salma Paralluelo] at FC Barcelona * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=10092 Salma Paralluelo] at BDFutbol * [https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/333582 Salma Paralluelo] at ESPN FC * [https://fbref.com/en/players/aafbcecc/ Salma Paralluelo] at FBref.com * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/540559/ Salma Paralluelo] at Soccerway * [https://www.instagram.com/salmaparalluelo/ Salma Paralluelo] on Instagram * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14813216 Salma Paralluelo] at World Athletics q9pa5wgo1l2lmw72zwp5t2omir56sdk 49788 49787 2026-05-07T15:48:04Z ~2026-27802-31 12732 49788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Salma Paralluelo|image=|caption=|full_name=Salma Celeste Paralluelo Ayingono|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|2003|11|13 }}<ref name=LL>{{cite web|url=https://www.laliga.com/en-ES/player/salma-paralluelo|title=Salma Paralluelo Women's First Division|website=[[La Liga]]|accessdate=20 March 2022|archive-date=22 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422000717/https://www.laliga.com/en-ES/player/salma-paralluelo|url-status=dead}}</ref>|birth_place=[[Zaragoza]], Spain<ref name=LL/>|height=1.74 m<ref name=LL/>|position={{ublist|[[Forward (association football)|Forward]]}}|currentclub=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|clubnumber=7|youthclubs1=San José|clubs1=[[Zaragoza CFF|Zaragoza CFF B]]|youthclubs2=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubs2=[[Zaragoza CFF]]|clubs3=[[Villarreal CF (women)|Villarreal]]|years3=2019–2022|caps3=37|goals3=23|years4=2022–2026|clubs4=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|caps4=36|goals4=29|nationalteam-update=20:12, 13 April 2024 (UTC)|club-update=22:02, 14 May 2024 (UTC)|nationalteam1=[[Spain women's national under-17 football team|Spain U17]]|nationalyears1=2018–2019|nationalcaps1=20|nationalgoals1=9|nationalteam2=[[Spain women's national under-19 football team|Spain U19]]|nationalyears2=2022|nationalcaps2=3|nationalgoals2=1|nationalyears3=2022|nationalteam3=[[Spain women's national under-20 football team|Spain U20]]|nationalcaps3=5|nationalgoals3=3|nationalteam4=[[Spain women's national football team|Spain]]|nationalyears4=2022–2026|nationalcaps4=22|nationalgoals4=12|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|[[Women's association football|Women's football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fbw|ESP}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup|2023 Australia–New Zealand]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Nations League]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2024 UEFA Women's Nations League Finals|2024 France–Netherlands–Spain]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup|2022 Costa Rica]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2018 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup|2018 Uruguay]]|}} {{Medal|Comp|[[UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship]]}} {{Medal|W|[[2018 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship|2018 Lithuania]]|}} {{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Sport of athletics|athletics]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{ESP}}}} {{MedalCompetition |[[European Youth Olympic Festival]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|2019 Baku]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival#Girls|400 m hurdles]]}} {{Medal|Gold|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival|2019 Baku]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 European Youth Summer Olympic Festival#Girls|Medley relay]]}}}} '''Salma Celeste Paralluelo Ayingono''' ([https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Salma_Paralluelo_Ayingono_audio.mp3 listen^ⓘ]; yo o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boraro ka 2003) ke motshameki wa moSpanish wa kgwele ya dinao e e porofeshionale ebile e le motabogi wa pele yo o tshamekang e le motshameki wa ka fa molemeng ko setlhopheng sa Liga F sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]] le sa setshaba sa Spain. Ke motshameki wa ntlha go fenya dijana tsa lefatshe tsotlhe ka a fentse sa 2023, sa U-20 sa 2022 le sa U-17 sa 2018.<ref>"[https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/spain-salma-paralluelo-womens-world-cup-u-17-u-20-champion-2023 Paralluelo crosses finish line with third winners' medal]". ''FIFA.com''. FIFA. 21 August 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230908180812/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/spain-salma-paralluelo-womens-world-cup-u-17-u-20-champion-2023 Archived] from the original on 8 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.</ref> == Botshelo ja pele == Paralluelo o tsholetswe kwa Zaragoza ele ngwana wa rraagwe wa moSpanish le mmaagwe wa mo Fang go tswa Equatorial Guinea,<ref>"[https://elpais.com/elpais/2020/10/23/eps/1603442614_907093.html Salma Paralluelo, la futbolista y velocista que bate todos los récords]". El País.</ref><ref name=":0">"[https://arainfo.org/continua-la-busqueda-de-florencio-ayingono-eworo-entrevista-con-su-madre-diosdada-ayingono/ Continúa la búsqueda de Florencio Ayingono Eworo | Entrevista con su madre, Diosdada Ayingono]".</ref> wa bofelo yo o ileng a fuduga go tswa kwa Equatorial Guinea gore morwa wa gagwe go tswa kwa botsalanong ja pele, yo o neng a na le bothata jo bogolo ja go tlhoka pono, a kgone go bona thuso ya bongaka e e botoka kwa Spain.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Sedimonthole wa 2012, fa lekawana leo le le dingwaga tse masome a mabedi le bongwe, le ne la nyelela kwa Zaragoza mme mmele wa gagwe wa bonwa kgwedi e e latelang.<ref>"[https://www.heraldo.es/noticias/aragon/zaragoza/2012/12/17/denuncian-desaparicion-un-joven-universitario-zaragoza-215620-2261126.html Denuncian la desaparición de un joven universitario en Zaragoza]".</ref><ref>"[http://historico.aragondigital.es/noticia.asp?notid=103434 Aparece sin signos de violencia el cadáver del universitario desaparecido en Zaragoza]".</ref> Go tswa mo go se se boletsweng pele, o na le bo kgaitsadie ba le babedi, José Jaime le Lorenzo, botlhe ke batshameki ba kgwele ya dinao.<ref>"[https://www.elperiodicomediterraneo.com/deportes/2019/12/02/hermanos-paralluelo-brillan-fuerza-cantera-40953514.html Los hermanos Paralluelo brillan con fuerza en la 'Cantera Grogueta']". ''El Periódico Mediterráneo''. 2 December 2019.</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == Paralluelo ke maduo a UD San José le Zaragoza. Gape o tshameketse Zaragoza CFF le Villareal kwa Spain. Gape ke motlhophiwa wa seetsele sa FIFA Puskás Award sa 2022. O saenetse FC Barcelona kwa bofelong ja setlha sa 2021–22 morago ga gore tumalano ya gagwe le Villareal e te bokhutlong.<ref>"[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/news/2673982/salma-paralluelo-signs-for-fc-barcelona Salma Paralluelo signs for FC Barcelona]". ''www.fcbarcelona.com''. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</ref> Ka setlha sa 2023–24 o ne a nosa dino tse nne mo phenyong ya kwa ntle ga gae ya dino tse supa go e le nngwe kgatlhanong le Real Sociedad.<ref>"[https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-femenino-barca/salma-presente-futuro-barca-goleada-99282103 Salma fue el presente y el futuro del Barça en la goleada en Zubieta]". ''www.sport.es'' (in Spanish). 10 March 2024. Retrieved 11 March 2024.</ref> == Tiro ya boditshabatshaba == O fentse UEFA Under-17 Championship ya 2018 , FIFA U-17 World Cup ya 2018 le FIFA U-20 World Cup ya 2022, a bo a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le motso wa 2022, a simolola ebile a nosa dino tse tharo mo phenyong kgatlhanong le Argentina. O ne a tsenngwa mo lenaaneng la setlhopha sa Spain sa sejana sa lefatshe sa FIFA sa 2023.<ref>"[https://rfef.es/es/noticias/oficial-i-esta-es-la-lista-oficial-para-el-mundial-de-australia-y-nueva-zelanda La lista oficial para el Mundial de Australia y Nueva Zelanda]" [The official list for the World Cup in Australia and New Zealand] (in Spanish). [[:en:Royal_Spanish_Football_Federation|Royal Spanish Football Federation]]. 30 June 2023.</ref> Mo motshamekong wa quarter-finale kgatlhanong le Netherlands ka Phatlwe a le lesome le motso, o ne a nosa nno ya phenyo mo phenyong ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe morago ga nako e e okeditsweng, a fetisetsa Spain e le lantlha mo ditsong, kwa sekamakgaolakgannyeng a sejana sa lefatshe.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/66470730 Women's World Cup 2023: 'Great day' as Spain reach first semi-final despite off-field issues]". BBC Sport. 11 August 2023.</ref> Ka Phatlwe a le lesome le botlhano ka 2023 a nosa nno mo phenyong ya Spain ya dino tse pedi go e le nngwe kgatlhanong le Sweden go isa setlhopha sa gagwe kwa makgaolakgannyeng a tse dikgolo e le lantlha.<ref>Downey, Sophie (15 August 2023). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/aug/15/womens-world-cup-semi-final-spain-sweden-match-report Spain reach their first Women's World Cup final as late winner sinks Sweden]". ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0261-3077|0261-3077]]. Retrieved 16 August 2023.</ref> Morago ga go fenya makgaolakgang kgatlhanong le Enyelane, o a o tshamekileng e le mosimolodi, o ne a itsisiwe e le motshameki yo monnye yo o gaisitseng mo kgaisanong eo.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/seleccion/2023/08/20/64e237bd268e3e10378b45a5.html Salma Paralluelo, mejor jugadora joven del torneo: "Soy la mujer más feliz del mundo"]". ''MARCA'' (in Spanish). 20 August 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2024.</ref> == Mabelo == [[Setshwantsho:25th Laureus World Sports Awards - 240422 213934.jpg|thumb|Paralluelo (centre) with Spain teammates [[:en:Aitana_Bonmatí|Aitana Bonmatí]] (left) and [[:en:Ivana_Andrés|Ivana Andrés]] at the 2024 [[:en:Laureus_World_Sports_Awards|Laureus World Sports Awards]]]] Fa ele motabogi, Paralluelo o simolotse tiro ya gagwe kwa San José Athletics club kwa Zaragoza. O fentse lebelo la tsela la Jean Bouin kwa Barcelona ka 2012 go ya go 2016 mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe. Ka Seetebosigo wa 2016, Paralluelo a tsaya karolo e le lantlha mo Spanish Championships mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe (U14) mme a fenya mo mehameng e meraro (hurdles tsa dimmethara tse masome a ferabobedi, shot put, mmethara tse masome a ferabobedi).<ref>Abad, Anna (25 October 2018). "[https://www.sportaragon.com/una-charla-con-salma-paralluelo/ ▷ Una charla con Salma Paralluelo]". ''SPORTARAGON.com'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka 2017 a fenya dihurdles tsa dimmethare tse masome amarataro kwa Spanish Indoor Championships tsa U16 mme a fetsa mo maemong a borataro mo hurdles tsa dimmethara tse lekgolo kwa National Outdoor Championship tsa U16 mo selemong seo. O ne a tsena kwa setlhopheng sa Scorpio-71 se e leng sone setlhopha se segolo sa mabelo kwa Zaragoza.<ref>BARCIA, IGOR (19 February 2019). "[https://www.eldiariomontanes.es/deportes/atletismo/salma-celeste-talento-20190219223152-ntvo.html Salma Celeste, el talento más deseado]". ''El Diario Montañés'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka 2018 Paralluelo a fenya dimmethara tse makgolo a mararo kwa Spanish Indoor Championships tsa U16 ka disekonte tse 39.46 mme a fetsa mo maemong a bobedi mo go tloleng triple jump (a tlola dimmethara tse 12.06) mo letsatsing lone leo.<ref>MARTÍ, R. (21 March 2018). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/deportes/2018/03/21/talento-puro-deporte-46804704.html Talento puro para el deporte]". ''El Periódico de Aragón'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Mo go ba dingwaga tsa gagwe kwa Outdoor championships ka Phukwi, o ne a roba rekote ya nako yotlhe ya Spanish mo hurdles tse eseng tsa Olimpiki mo mohameng wa dimmethara tse makgolo a mararo ka nako e e fentseng ya 42.56.<ref>PERIÓDICO, EL (2 July 2018). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/deportes/2018/07/02/aragon-obtiene-brillante-repoker-nacional-46766045.html Aragón obtiene un brillante repóker en el Nacional sub-16]". ''El Periódico de Aragón'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Mo setlheng sa outdoor, mo lebelong la boraro la botshelo ja gagwe mo hurdles tsa dimmethara tse makgolo a mane kwa bokopanong ja Ibero-American Athletics Meeting kwa Huelva, Paralluelo a taboga nako ya 57.43, a roba rekote ya nako yotlhe ya Spanish sub-18 gape a roba le nako ya ngwaga o ya go nna yo o gaisitseng mo lefatsheng mo sub-18. Ka maduo ao o ne a iponna phatlha kwa European Youth Summer Olympic Festival ya 2019, kwa a fentseng dietsele tsa gauta di le pedi mo tiragatsong ya hurdles tsa dimmethara tse makgolo a mane, ka nako ya 57.95 le lebelo la neelano la dikgala ka go farologana. Ka 2019 a ya motsubong o ne a ya kwa Playas de Castellón. A fenya seetsele sa gagwe sa ntlha se segolo kwa Spanish Indoor Athletics Championships ka 2019, a fenya bronze mo tekong ya dimmethara tse makgolo a mane ka nako ya 53.83, seo e le rekote mo matlhakoreng a sub-18 le sub-20.<ref>"[https://www.runnersworld.com/es/noticias-running/a26419930/salma-celeste-paralluelo-deportista-total/ La deportista total tiene solo 15 años, es de Zaragoza y se llama Salma Paralluelo]". ''Runner's World'' (in European Spanish). 21 February 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref><ref>Cabeza, Gonzalo (17 February 2019). "[https://www.elconfidencial.com/deportes/atletismo/2019-02-17/salma-paralluelo-atletismo-futbol-maria-vicente_1829934/ Salma Paralluelo se carga de razones para ser atleta... pero el fútbol también pide la vez]". ''elconfidencial.com'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Maduo a o a mo letlelela go tsaa karolo kwa European Athletics Indoor Championships ka 2019.<ref>"[https://www.elperiodico.com/es/deportes/20190222/salma-paralluelo-prodigio-campeona-mundial-futbol-estrella-atletismo-elegir-7318314 Salma Paralluelo, un prodigio a dos bandas]". ''www.elperiodico.com'' (in Spanish). 22 February 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Fa a le dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano le malatsi a le lekgolo le boferabongwe, o ne a nna motsayakarolo yo monnye go gaisa mo European Indoor Championships tse masome a mararo le botlhano, a le fa morago ga motabogi wa motsamai wa moNorwegian Kjersti Tysse (dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bone ka thulaganyo ya 1987) fela.<ref>"[https://www.elespanol.com/deportes/otros-deportes/20190301/salma-paralluelo-anos-despide-debut-europeos/379962725_0.html Salma Paralluelo, con 15 años, se despide en su debut en los 400 en los Europeos]". ''El Español'' (in Spanish). 1 March 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> Ka Phukwi wa 2022 fa a sena go saena tumalano le [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]], Salma Paralluelo a bega fa a batla go lebagana fela le kgwele ya dinao mo bokamosong ka jalo a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ya mabelo.<ref>"[https://www.marca.com/futbol/futbol-femenino/primera-division/2022/12/25/63a3470b46163f7b798b45ac.html Salma Paralluelo: "He flipado mucho con el nivel que hay en el Barça"]". ''MARCA'' (in Spanish). 25 December 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.</ref> == Dipalopalo tsa tiro == === Setlhopha === : ''go felela ka metshameko e e tshamekilweng ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi''<ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/salma-paralluelo-ayingono/540559/ Salma Paralluelo] at Soccerway</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso le dino go ya ka setlhopha, setlha le kgaisano ! rowspan="2" |Setlhopha ! rowspan="2" |Setlha ! colspan="3" |Liki ! colspan="2" |Kopi ! colspan="2" |Tsa kontinente ! colspan="2" |Tse dingwe ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe |- !Karolo !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="4" |Villarreal |2019–20 | rowspan="2" |Segunda División Pro |12 |5 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |12 |5 |- |2020–21 |17 |15 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |17 |15 |- |2021–22 |Primera División |8 |3 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |– | colspan="2" |– |9 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !37 !23 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |– ! colspan="2" |– !38 !23 |- | rowspan="3" |Barcelona |2022–23 | rowspan="2" |Liga F |18 |11 |1 |2 |9 |1 |2 |1 |30 |15 |- |2023–24 |18 |18 |4 |4 |10 |6 |2 |4 |34 |32 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !36 !29 !5 !6 !19 !7 !4 !5 !64 !47 |- ! colspan="3" |Palogotlhe ya tiro !73 !52 !6 !6 !19 !7 !4 !5 !102 !70 |} === Tsa boditshabatshaba === : ''E sale ka motshameko o o tshamekilweng ka Moranang a ferabongwe 2024'' {| class="wikitable" |+Iponagatso ledino go ya ka setlhopha sa setshaba le ngwaga !Setlhopha sa setshaba !Ngwaga !Iponagatso !Dino |- | rowspan="3" |Spain |2022 |2 |3 |- |2023 |16 |6 |- |2024 |4 |3 |- ! colspan="2" |Palogotlhe !22 !12 |} : ''Lenaane la dino le maduo a Spain kwa ntlheng, karolo ya dino e supa dino morago ga nno nngwe le nngwe ya ga Paralluelo.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Lenaane la dino tsa boditshabatshaba tse di nositsweng ke Salma Paralluelo !No. !Letsatsi !Lefelo !Moganetsi !Dino !Maduo !Kgaisano |- |1 | rowspan="3" |11 November 2022 | rowspan="3" |Estadio Municipal Álvarez Claro, Melilla, Spain | rowspan="3" |Argentina |3–0 | rowspan="3" |7–0 | rowspan="3" |motshameko wa botsalano |- |2 |4–0 |- |3 |5–0 |- |4 | rowspan="2" |6 April 2023 | rowspan="2" |Estadi Municipal de Can Misses, Ibiza, Spain | rowspan="2" |Norway |3–1 | rowspan="2" |4–2 | rowspan="2" |motshameko wa botsalano |- |5 |4–1 |- |6 |5 July 2023 |Gladsaxe Stadium, Gladsaxe, Denmark |Denmark |2–0 |2–0 |motshameko wa botsalano |- |7 |11 August 2023 |Wellington Regional Stadium, Wellington, New Zealand |Netherlands |2–1 |2–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |8 |15 August 2023 |Eden Park, Auckland, New Zealand |Sweden |1–0 |2–1 |2023 FIFA Women's World Cup |- |9 |5 December 2023 |La Rosaleda Stadium, Málaga, Spain |Sweden |1–1 |5–3 |2023–24 UEFA Women's Nations League |- |10 | rowspan="3" |5 April 2024 | rowspan="3" |Den Dreef, Leuven, Belgium | rowspan="3" |Belgium |1–0 | rowspan="3" |7–0 | rowspan="3" |UEFA Women's Euro 2025 qualifying |- |11 |3–0 |- |12 |4–0 |} == Ditlotla == '''FC Barcelona''' * UEFA Women's Champions League: 2022–23,<ref>Wrack, Suzanne (3 June 2023). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/jun/03/barcelona-wolfsburg-womens-champions-league-final Rolfö caps Barcelona comeback against Wolfsburg to win thrilling WCL final]". ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [[issn:0029-7712|0029-7712]]. Retrieved 7 June 2023.</ref> 2023–24<ref>"[https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/25/sport/barcelona-lyon-womens-champions-league-2024-spt-intl/index.html Barcelona retains Women's Champions League title, completing historic quadruple]". ''[[:en:CNN|CNN]]''. 25 May 2024. Retrieved 25 May 2024.</ref> * Primera División: 2022–23, 2023–24 * Copa de la Reina: 2023–24 * Supercopa de España: 2022–23, 2023–24 '''Spain''' * FIFA Women's World Cup: 2023 * UEFA Women's Nations League: 2023–24<ref>"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/68430599 Women's Nations League final: World Cup winners Spain beat France 2–0 in Seville]". ''BBC Sport''. 28 February 2024. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</ref> '''Spain U20''' * FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup: 2022 '''Spain U17''' * UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship: 2018 * FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup: 2018 '''Tsa gagwe''' * FIFA Women's World Cup Young Player Award: 2023<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20230821130542/https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/fifa-womens-world-cup-awards-2023-all-the-winners FIFA Women's World Cup awards: Bonmati wins Golden Ball]". ''FIFA''. 20 August 2023. Archived from [https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/tournaments/womens/womensworldcup/australia-new-zealand2023/articles/fifa-womens-world-cup-awards-2023-all-the-winners the original] on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.</ref> * 433 – Women's Talent of the Year: 2022–23<ref>"[https://www.instagram.com/p/CwzzJ5grvCf/ This just in... You have voted 𝐒𝐀𝐋𝐌𝐀 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐔𝐄𝐋𝐎 as the 𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑 of the 433 Awards: 2022-23 Women's Talent of the Year! ✨💎]". ''433''. 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.</ref> * Hija Predilecta de Zaragoza (2023)<ref>Trigo, Iván (7 October 2023). "[https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/fiestas-del-pilar/2023/10/07/zaragoza-distingue-hijos-predilectos-adoptivos-fiestas-del-pilar-medalla-de-oro-93065067.html Zaragoza distingue a sus hijos predilectos y adoptivos y entrega la Medalla de Oro al Grupo Carreras]". ''[[:en:El_Periódico_de_Aragón|El Periódico de Aragón]]''. [[:en:Prensa_Ibérica|Prensa Ibérica]].</ref> * Ballon d'Or Féminin 3rd place: 2023 * IFFHS Women's World's Best Youth Player: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3279 IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD BEST YOUTH (U20) PLAYER 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 28 December 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.</ref> * IFFHS Women's World Team of the Year: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3298 IFFHS WOMEN'S WORLD TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</ref> * IFFHS Women's UEFA Team: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3342 IFFHS WOMEN'S UEFA TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.</ref> * IFFHS Women's Youth (U20) UEFA Team: 2023<ref>"[https://iffhs.com/posts/3389 IFFHS WOMEN'S YOUTH (U20) UEFA TEAM 2023]". ''IFFHS''. 7 February 2024. Retrieved 19 February 2024.</ref> * Laureus World Sports Award for Breakthrough of the Year Nominee: 2024<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240409002518/https://www.tennisclubhouse.ca/en/post/novak-djokovic-iga-swiatek-and-coco-gauff-nominated-at-the-25th-laureus-world-sports-awards-all-y Novak Djokovic, Iga Swiatek and Coco Gauff nominated at the 25th Laureus World Sports Awards : All you need to know]". ''Tennis Clubhouse''. 8 April 2024. Retrieved 9 April 2024.</ref> === Direkote === Mo bogompienong, Salma Parallueloo tshwere direkote tsa maSpanish tse di latelang mo dingwageng ka go faralogana:<ref>"[https://atletismorfea.es/ranking/historico/records Ranking]". ''Atletismo RFEA'' (in Spanish). Retrieved 20 April 2024.</ref> ==== Under-18 ==== * 300m (38.60) * 300m hurdles (41.97) * 400m hurdles (57.36) * Medley relay (2:08.53, with Laura Pintiel, Esperança Cladera, and Carmen Avilés) * 400m indoor track (53.83) ==== Under-16 ==== * 300m hurdles (42.56) * 300m indoor track (39.27) == Metswedi == <references /> == External links == * [https://www.fcbarcelona.com/en/football/womens-football/players/2672835/salma-paralluelo Salma Paralluelo] at FC Barcelona * [https://www.bdfutbol.com/en/c/jugador.html?id=10092 Salma Paralluelo] at BDFutbol * [https://www.espn.com/soccer/player/_/id/333582 Salma Paralluelo] at ESPN FC * [https://fbref.com/en/players/aafbcecc/ Salma Paralluelo] at FBref.com * [https://int.soccerway.com/players/-/540559/ Salma Paralluelo] at Soccerway * [https://www.instagram.com/salmaparalluelo/ Salma Paralluelo] on Instagram * [https://worldathletics.org/athletes/-/14813216 Salma Paralluelo] at World Athletics 7aac7t0hetlxejx3ksd04hk01g3m8bq 0 9533 49789 38746 2026-05-07T16:37:54Z ~2026-27802-31 12732 49789 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Caroline Graham Hansen|image=|caption=|full_name=Caroline Graham Hansen<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Players – Norway |url=http://www.fifadata.com/document/FU20W/2012/pdf/FU20W_2012_SquadLists.pdf |publisher=[[FIFA]] |access-date=21 September 2014 |date=4 August 2014 |page=14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810080450/http://www.fifadata.com/document/FU20W/2012/pdf/FU20W_2012_SquadLists.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|2|18}}|birth_place=[[Oslo]], Norway|height=1.74 m|position=[[Midfielder#Winger|Winger]]|currentclub=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|clubnumber=10|youthclubs1=[[Lyn Fotball|Lyn]]|clubs1=[[Stabæk Fotball Kvinner|Stabæk]]|years1=2010–2013|caps1=71|goals1=32|clubs2=[[Tyresö FF|Tyresö]]|years2=2013|caps2=7|goals2=3|clubs3=[[Stabæk Fotball Kvinner|Stabæk]]|years3=2014|caps3=9|goals3=2|clubs4=[[VfL Wolfsburg (women)|VfL Wolfsburg]]|years4=2014–2019|caps4=88|goals4=29|clubs5=[[FC Barcelona Femení|Barcelona]]|years5=2019–2026|caps5=96|goals5=51|nationalteam-update=24 March 2024 (UTC)|club-update=24 March 2024|medaltemplates={{Medal|Sport|Women's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{NOR}}}} {{Medal|Competition|[[UEFA Women's Championship]]}} {{Medal|Silver|[[UEFA Women's Euro 2013|Sweden 2013]]|[[UEFA Women's Euro 2013 squads#Norway|Team]]}}|nationalteam1=Norway U15|nationalyears1=2009–2010|nationalcaps1=3|nationalgoals1=0|nationalteam2=Norway U16|nationalyears2=2009–2010|nationalcaps2=11|nationalgoals2=5|nationalteam3=[[Norway women's national under-17 football team|Norway U17]]|nationalyears3=2010–2011|nationalcaps3=5|nationalgoals3=1|nationalteam4=[[Norway women's national under-19 football team|Norway U19]]|nationalyears4=2011–2012|nationalcaps4=14|nationalgoals4=5|nationalteam5=Norway U20|nationalyears5=2012|nationalcaps5=7|nationalgoals5=3|nationalteam6=[[Norway women's national football team|Norway]]|nationalyears6=2011–2026|nationalcaps6=105|nationalgoals6=46}} '''Caroline Graham Hansen''' (Norwegian: [[:en:Help:IPA/Norwegian|[kɑrʊliːnə ɡrɑːm hɑnsn̩]]]; yo otshotsweng ka Tlhakole a le lesome le boferabobedi ka 1995)<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20240228151313/https://www.laliga.com/en-GB/player/graham-hansen Caroline Hansen Finetwork Liga F]". ''Caroline Hansen''. Retrieved 16 May 2023.</ref> ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dino e e profeshionale wa Norway yo o tshamekang ka kwa letlhakoreng kwa setlhopheng sa Spanish Liga F sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] le setlhopha sa setshaba sa bomme sa Norway. Hansen o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e e porofeshionale a tshameka kwa Norwegian Toppserien le setlhopha sa Stabæk. O ne a tsaya sephatlo sa bobedi sa setlha sa Damallsvenskan sa 2013 kwa Sweden a tshamekela Tyresö FF. Hansen o emetse Norway kwa maemong a bonana a boditshabtshaba mme a dira tshameko ya gagwe ya ntlha ya setlhopha se segolo ka 2011. Ka 2013, fa a le dingwaga tse lesome le boferabobedi, Hansen a tsaya karolo e tona mo setlhopheng sa Norway se se neng sa fenya UEFA Women's Euro ya 2013. Hansen o fudugetse kwa Frauen Bundesliga ka 2014 go ya go tshamekela VFL Wolfsburg, kwa a neng a simolola go nna le dikgobalo tse di mefuta tse di masisisi ebile di tsaa lobaka fa gare ga dingwaga tsa 2015 le 2018. Le fa go ntse jalo, o gorogile kwa makgaolakgang a UEFA Women's Champions League gabedi le setlhopha ka 2016 le 2018 abo a fenya dikopi tse dikgolo di ferabobedi-liki tse tharo le bosimega ja DFB-Pokal ga tlhano. MO go atlegeng ga gagwe le Wolfsburg, o ne a sokoloa kwa setlhopheng sa setshaba. Ka 2015 a tlolwa ke sejana sa lefatshe ka ntata ya kgobalo mme ka 2017 o ne a le leloko la setlhopha sa Norway se se neng sa nna le go fetsa mo go kwa tlasetlase kwa kgaisanong ya Euro ba tswa ka lefela la dino le la dintlha. 2019 e ne e le ngwaga o monamagadi moo go Hansen fa a saena le setlhopha se se neng sa felela kwa makgaolakgannyeng a UEFA Women's Champions League ka 2019 sa [[FC Barcelona Femení|FC Barcelona]] ebile e le mongwe wa ba ba neng go buiwa ka bone thata mo batshameking ba Norway ba ba neng ba ileng kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa bomme sa FIFA ka 2019. O ne a tlhomiwa letlhokwa mo ditlotleng tse dintsinyana fa ngwaga o fela ele lantlha, di akaretsa The Best le FIFA FIFPro Worl XI. Katlego ya gagwe e ne ya tswelela le FC Barcelona ka a ne a le botlhokwa mo setlhopheng sa 2019–20 se se neng sa fenya bosimega ja liki e le lantlha e sale ka 2015. Hansen o ne a ya go fenya URFA Women's Champions League le setlhopha e le lantlha ka 2021 ebile ba fenya dikopi tse tharo mo kontinenteng. Hansen o kaiwa e le mongwe wa batshameki ba ba ka fa letlhakoreng yo o gaisang mo lefatsheng go ya ka ditiragatso tsa gagwe gotlhe kwa setlhopheng le kwa lefatsheng.<ref>"[https://www.goal.com/story/goal-50-2019/index.html Goal 50: The best players in the world for 2018–19]". ''goal.com''. [[:en:Goal_(website)|GOAL]]. Retrieved 21 May 2021.</ref><ref>"[https://www.goal.com/en/lists/goal-50-2020-the-best-50-players-in-the-world/1drx0x11z7i8a17j14njsth0ew Goal 50 2020: The best 50 players in the world]". ''goal.com''. [[:en:Goal_(website)|GOAL]]. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref><ref>Laverty, Rich (8 December 2020). "[https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2020/dec/08/the-100-best-female-footballers-in-the-world-2020 The 100 best female footballers in the world 2020]". ''[[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</ref> == Botshelo ja pele == [[Setshwantsho:Caroline Graham Hansen 2013.jpg|thumb|Hansen a tshamekela Tyresö ka 2013]] Hansen o tsholetswe a bo a godisediwa kwa Oslo, Norway, mo lefelong la Tåsen. Ke ngwana wa ntlha wa ga Petter Norman Hansen le Bettina Graham Hansen ebile kgaitsadie, Fredrik le ene o tshameka kgwele ya dinao kwa Amerika kwa Division I university St. Bonaventure.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20210805053754/https://gobonnies.sbu.edu/sports/m-soccer/2020-21/bios/hansen_fredrik_f59q Fredrik Hansen – St. Bonaventure]". ''gobonnies.sbu.edu''. [[:en:St._Bonaventure_University|St. Bonaventure University]]. Archived from [https://gobonnies.sbu.edu/sports/m-soccer/2020-21/bios/hansen_fredrik_f59q the original] on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</ref><ref>"[[:en:Football_Association_of_Norway|Norway Mediaguide 2013]]" (PDF). Football Association of Norway. p. 10. Archived from [http://www.fotball.no/Documents/PDF/2013/Landslag/Mediaguide%20EURO2013%20NORWAY.pdf the original] (PDF) on 9 August 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</ref><ref>Chapman, Caroline (26 June 2019). "[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/48766395 Caroline Graham Hansen: The Norway star who could wreck England's World Cup dream]". ''bbc.com''. [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. Retrieved 21 May 2021.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Caroline Graham Hansen 20181118.jpg|left|thumb|Hansen a tshamekela VfL Wolfsburg ka 2018.]] [[Setshwantsho:Caroline Graham Hansen 02835.jpg|thumb|Hansen le Norway ka 2013]] Hansen o tshameketse Lyn e le leloko la ditlhopha tse di tlhakantseng bong jo bo farologaneng tsa basimane le basetsana go fitlhela a nna dingwaga tse lesome le bone ka gore mokatisi wa gagwe o ne a re o rotloetsa mokgwa o o maswe mo basimaneng ba ba mo setlhopheng. Tshwetso eo e ne ya simolola ngangisanyo mo gare ga setlhopha mme ka jalo Hansen a ya kwa godimo e le mosimolodi wa setlhopha sa Lyn sa G94, se se neng se dirilwe ka basimane ba ba neng ba mo feta ka dingwaga. Hansen a re koo ke gone kwa a ithutileng go tshameka ka botlhale le go tsaya ditshetswo tse di maleba ka kgwele ka gore basimane ba teng ba ne ba na le maatla a mmele go mo gaisa.<ref>Jørnholt, Malin; Hagen, Andreas (9 November 2019). "[https://www.nrk.no/sport/xl/grubleren-caroline-graham-hansen-1.14770295 Grubleren Caroline Graham Hansen]". ''nrk.no''. [[:en:NRK|NRK]]. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</ref> Hansen o tshameketse Lyn go fitlha a nna dingwaga tse lesome le botlhano ebile e ne e le leloko la setlhopha se se neng sa fenya letlhakore la basetsana la under-16 kwa Norway Cup.<ref>[https://archive.today/20130223034731/http://www.norwaycup.no/article.php?id=2218 Norway Cup 2010 results]</ref> == Metswedi == g2oo1gg4qmqdf03j9g4uhd77u0yrgfz 0 9809 49824 36639 2026-05-08T11:41:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49824 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:A Bowl of Sugar 2.jpg|thumb|sukiri]] Sukiri e tshweu, e gape e bidiwang sukiri ya tafole, sukiri e e dirilweng ka dithoro kgotsa sukiri e e tlwaelegileng, ke mofuta wa sukiri o o dirwang ka sukiri ya beet kgotsa ya ntšhwe, e e tsentsweng mo thulaganyong ya go e ntlafatsa. == Tlhaloso == Thulaganyo eno ya go phepafatsa e tlosa melasses gotlhelele gore go nne le sukiri e tshweu, e leng sukrose. E na le boitshupo jo bo kwa godimo go feta 99.7%.<ref>Dario Bressanini (3 June 2009). "Miti culinari 6: lo zucchero veleno bianco". ''Le Scienze Blog'' (in Italian). Retrieved 30 October [http://bressanini-lescienze.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2009/06/03/miti-culinari-6-lo-zucchero-veleno-bianco/ 2018]</ref>Molekhule wa yone ke C 12H 22O 11.<ref>"What is sugar?". ''Exploratorium''. Retrieved November 15, 2023.[https://www.exploratorium.edu/explore/cooking/sugar#:~:text=The%20white%20stuff%20we%20know,elements%2C%20sugar%20is%20a%20carbohydrate.]</ref> Sukiri e tshweu e e tlhagisitsweng go tswa mo mmung wa sukiri le mmidi wa sukiri ga e kgone go farologanngwa ka dikhemikale: le fa go ntse jalo, go a kgonega go supa tshimologo ya yone ka go sekaseka khabone-13.<ref>Dario Bressanini (3 June 2009). "Miti culinari 6: lo zucchero veleno bianco". ''Le Scienze Blog'' (in Italian). Retrieved 30 October 2018.[http://bressanini-lescienze.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2009/06/03/miti-culinari-6-lo-zucchero-veleno-bianco/]</ref> Sukiri e tshweu (le sukiri e e borokwa) e e dirilweng go tswa mo mmung wa sukiri e ka tlhotlhwa ka go dirisa mogala wa lerapo ke batlhatlhobi ba mmung wa sukiri ba le mmalwa. <ref>"Animal Bones". ''www.sucrose.com''. Retrieved 2019-09-[https://web.archive.org/web/20240223025638/https://www.sucrose.com/bonechar.html 19]</ref>Sukiri ya beet ga ise e ke e dirwe ka bone char mme ke ya vegan. <ref>"A List of Bone Char Free Vegan Sugar Companies". ''ordinaryvegan.net''. Retrieved 2019-09-19.[https://ordinaryvegan.net/vegansugar/]</ref> Go ya ka dikhemikale le dikotla, sukiri e tshweu ga e na diminerale tse di rileng (jaaka calcium, potassium, iron le magnesium) tse di leng teng ka bontsi mo melasses. <ref>Raffaella Procenzano (28 January 2014). "Lo zucchero bianco fa male più dello zucchero grezzo?" (in Italian). Retrieved 30 October 2018.[https://www.focus.it/scienza/scienze/lo-zucchero-bianco-fa-male-piu-dello-zucchero-grezzo]</ref> <ref>Anahad O'Connor (12 June 2007). "The Claim: Brown Sugar Is Healthier Than White Sugar". Retrieved 30 October 2018.[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/12/health/nutrition/12real.html?ei=5070&en=2c7b0deda8710630&ex=1186632000&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1186592818-8CJn9xUUuK6+4WQViP11tA&_r=0.]</ref>Dipharologano tse di lemogwang fela ke mmala o mosweu le tatso e e seng bogale thata.<ref>Dario Bressanini (6 April 2009). "Miti culinari 5: le virtù dello zucchero di canna". ''Le Scienze Blog'' (in Italian). Retrieved 30 October 2018.[http://bressanini-lescienze.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2009/04/06/miti-culinari-5-le-virtu-dello-zucchero-di-canna/]</ref> == Metswedi == qmiwdyzjqniygoh38eu6w2llrzzd2ry 0 10562 49823 42148 2026-05-08T11:27:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokgatlho wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng wa Thuto, Maranyane le Setso''' ( '''UNESCO''' /j uː ˈ n ɛ s k oʊ / ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO|url=https://www.unesco.org/|website=UNESCO|access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> [ a ] ke lekalana le le kgethegileng la [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng]] (UN) ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa kagiso le tshireletsego ya lefatshe ka bophara ka tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba mo thutong, bodiragatsi, maranyane le setso. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/brief/|title=Introducing UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> <ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/history/|title=UNESCO history|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> E na le ditšhaba tsa maloko di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le maloko a a amanang le one a le lesome le bobedi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of UNESCO members and associates|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/countries|access-date=23 August 2022|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> ga mmogo le badiri ka yone mo makalaneng a e seng a puso, a dipuso le a a ikemetseng ka nosi . <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2013|title=Partnerships|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> Ntlokgolo ya UNESCO e kwa Paris, kwa Fora, e na le diofisi tsa kgaolo di le masome a le matlhano <ref>{{Cite web|title=Field offices|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice?hub=171411|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> le dikhomišene tsa setšhaba di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le boferabongwe. <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 September 2012|title=National Commissions|url=https://pax.unesco.org/countries/NationalCommissions.html|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=1 August 2019|title=About UNESCO Office for the Pacific States|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice/pacific/about|access-date=24 July 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> UNESCO e tlhomilwe ka 1945 jaaka motlhatlhami wa Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba. Thomo ya go tlhoma UNESCO, e e neng ya bopiwa ke ditiragalo tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, ke go atolosa kagiso, tlhabololo e e tswelelang le ditshwanelo tsa batho ka go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo le dipuisano magareng ga ditšhaba. E latelela maikaelelo a ka dikarolo tse tlhano tse dikgolo tsa lenaneo: thuto, maranyane a tsa tlholego, maranyane a tsa setho/batho, setso le ditlhaeletsano/kitso. UNESCO e tshegetsa mananeo a a tokafatsang kitso ya go bala le go kwala, e tlamela ka katiso le thuto ya setegeniki, e atolosa kitso ya maranyane pele, e sireletsa bobegadikgang jo bo ikemetseng le kgololesego ya bobegadikgang, e somarela ditso tsa dikgaolo le kabakanyo ya tsa setso, le go rotloetsa kabakanyo ya setso.Mokgatlho o o thusa thata go tlhoma le go sireletsa Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe a a botlhokwa mo setsong le mo tlholegong. UNESCO e laolwa ke Bokopano jwa Botlhe bo bo bopilweng ke maloko a mafatshe le maloko a a amanang le one, e e kopanang gabedi ka ngwaga go tlhoma mananeo le tekanyetso ya go dirisa madi. Gape e tlhopha maloko a khuduthamaga e e laolang tiro ya UNESCO, gape e tlhoma Mookamela Mogolo morago ga dingwaga di le nne gangwe le gape, yo o dirang jaaka motsamaisi yo mogolo wa UNESCO.   === Tlhago === UNESCO le maikaelelo magolo atirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba di ka latedisiwa go ya kwa tshwetsong ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba ka la bo 21 Lwetse 1921, go tlhopha khomišene go ithuta kgonagalo ya gore ditšhaba di abelane diphitlhelelo tsa setso, thuto le saense ka kgololesego. [1] [2] Setlhopha se seša seno, e leng Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Ditlhaloganyo ( ICIC ), se ne sa tlhomiwa ka 1922 [3] mme se ne se na le batho ba ba jaaka Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, le Gonzague de Reynold mo gare ga maloko a sone a a neng a tlhomile dikhomišene tse dinnye tsa Yuropa Bophirima [4] ) . Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale (IIIC) se ne sa tlhamiwa kwa Paris ka Lwetse 1924, go dira jaaka setheo se se diragatsang sa ICIC. [5] Le fa go ntse jalo, go simolola ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II go ne ga kgoreletsa tiro ya mekgatlho eno e e neng e le teng pele ga yone thata. [6] Fa e le ka maiteko a poraefete, Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto (IBE) e ne ya simolola go dira jaaka mokgatlho o e seng wa puso mo tirelong ya tlhabololo ya thuto ya boditšhabatšhaba fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 1925 [ 21 ] mme ya tsenela UNESCO ka 1969, morago ga go tlhoma khomišene e e kopanetsweng ka 1952. === Go simololwa ga yone === Morago ga go bewa menwana ga Tšhata ya Atlantic le Mokwalo Papamatso wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng, Bokopano jwa Ditona tsa Thuto tse di Kopaneng ( CAME ) bo ne jwa simolola diphuthego kwa Lontone tse di neng tsa tswelela go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borataro 1942 go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a le botlhano 1945. United Kingdom, Amerika le USSR. Se se ne sa latelwa ke ditshitshinyo tsa Khonferense ya Dumbarton Oaks ya 9 Diphalane 1944. Ka tshitshinyo ya CAME le go ya ka dikgakololo tsa Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba (UNCIO), e e neng e tshwerwe kwa San Francisco go tloga ka Moranang go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 1945, go ne ga nna le Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya go tlhoma mokgatlho wa setso/CONF) e ne ya kopanela kwa Lontone go tloga ka 1 go ya go 16 Ngwanatsele 1945 go emetswe dipuso di le masome a manè le bone. Kgopolo ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhamiwa thata ke Rab Butler, Tona ya Thuto ya United Kingdom, yo o neng a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo go tlhabololeng ga yone. [1] Kwa ECO/CONF, Molaotheo wa UNESCO o ne wa tlhagisiwa le go saeniwa ke dinaga di le 37, mme ga tlhomiwa Khomišene ya Paakanyetso. [2] Khomišene ya Paakanyetso e ne ya dira fa gare ga 16 Ngwanaitseele 1945, le 4 Ngwanatsele 1946 — letlha le Molaotheo wa UNESCO o neng wa tsena mo tirisong ka lone ka go tsenngwa ga kamogelo ya masome a mabedi ke naga e e leng leloko. Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa ntlha bo ne jwa tshwarwa go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a lesome 1946, mme ga tlhophiwa Julian Huxley go nna Mookamedi-mogolo. [26] Mokolonele wa Sesole sa United States, e le moeteledipele wa sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro gape e le mmueledi wa ditshwanelo tsa batho Blake R. Van Leer le ene o ne a nna leloko.[ 27] Molaomotheo o ne wa fetolwa ka Ngwanatsele 1954 fa phuthego ya Bokopano jwa Botlhe e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore maloko a lekgotla la khuduthamaga e tla nna baemedi ba dipuso tsa ditšhaba tse ba leng baagi ba tsone mme ba ka se dire jaaka pele, ba dirisa bokgoni jwa dithata tsa bone ka sebele. [ 28] Phetogo eno mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e dinaga tse e leng maloko di neng di tla dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho ono o nang le taolo mo go tsone. Phetogo e mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e ditšhaba tse e leng maloko di neng di dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho o o neng o na le taolo mo go tsone. Jaaka ditšhaba tsa maloko di ne di dira mmogo mo tsamaong ya nako go diragatsa maikaelelo a UNESCO, mabaka a sepolotiki le a ditso a ne a bopa ditiro tsa mokgatlho segolobogolo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Botsididi, thulaganyo ya go emisa bokoloniale, le go phatlaladiwa ga Soviet Union.[ 29][30] === .Tlhabololo === Gareng ga diphitlhelelo tse dikgolo tsa mokgatlho o ke tiro ya one kgatlhanong le bosemorafe, sekai ke dipolelo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ka ga lotso go simolola ka mokwalo Papamatso wa baithutatlholego (gareng ga bone go ne go na le Claude Lévi-Strauss ) le bomankge ba maranyane ba bangwe ka 1950 mme ya wetsa ka Mokwalo Papamatso wa 1978 ka ga Lotso le Kgethololo ya Lotso . Ka 1955, [[Aforika Borwa|Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa]] le ne la ikgogela morago mo UNESCO le bolela gore dikgatiso dingwe tsa mokgatlho di ne di leka "go tsenelela" mo "mathateng a bosemorafe" jwa lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Apartheid: its effects on education, science, culture and information|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002428|access-date=2024-07-26|date=1967|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Le tsene gape mo mokgatlhong ka 1994 ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Nelson Mandela]] . <ref>{{Citation|title=UNESCO Teaches History: Implementing International Understanding in Sweden|date=2016|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58120-4_11|work=201–230|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref> Nngwe ya ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo lephateng la thuto e ne e le lenaneo la teko ya thuto ya go tswa kwa moding kwa Marbial Valley, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/48223/pf0000000372|access-date=2025-06-17|website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> Haiti, e e neng ya simololwa ka 1947. Morago ga lenaneo le nngwe ya ditiro tsa baitseanape kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, e ne e akaretsa thomo ya 1949 kwa Afghanistan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=UNESCO at 74: An overview of its laudable progress|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/unesco-at-74-an-overview-of-its-laudable-progress-1573916648|access-date=2024-07-26|website=The Financial Express}}</ref> UNESCO e ne ya akantsha 1948 gore mafatshe a e leng Maloko a tshwanetse go dira gore thuto e e kotlase ya mahala e nne e e patelediwang le e e amogelwang ke batho botlhe. <ref name=":0" /> [[The 1990 World Conference on Education for All|Bokopano jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto ya Botlhe]], kwa Jomtien, Thailand, bo ne jwa simolola mokgatlho wa lefatshe lotlhe ka 1990 go tlamela ka thuto ya go tswa kwa moding go bana botlhe, banana le bagolo. <ref name=":0" /> Ka 2000, Foramo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto kwa Dakar, kwa Senegal, e ne ya dira gore dipuso tse e leng maloko a tsone di itlame go fitlhelela thuto ya go tswa kwa moding ya botlhe ka 2015 . <ref name=":0" /> Mokwalo Papamatso wa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane e ne ya amogelwa ke Phuthego a Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane ya UNESCO ka di 9 Diphalane 1998, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000141952|title=World Declaration On Higher Education For The Twenty-First Century: Vision And Action|publisher=UNESCO|date=1998-10-09|access-date=2012-11-12}}</ref> ka boikaelelo jwa go tlhoma maemo a lefatshe ka bophara ka ga dikeletso le phitlhelelo ya thuto e e kgolwane . Ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo setsong di ne di akaretsa Letsholo la Boditšhabatšhaba la go Boloka Difikantswe tsa Nubia, le le neng la simololwa ka 1960. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/172/|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Boikaelelo jwa letsholo le ne e le go fudusa Tempele e Kgolo ya Abu Simbel gore e se ka ya khurumediwa ke Nile morago ga go agiwa letamo la Aswan . Mo letsholong le la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi go ne ga fudusiwa difikantswe le mafelo a a agilweng a le masomea mabedi le bobedi. Se ne e le lantlha gape le le logolo go gaisa mo motseletseleng wa matsholo a a neng a akaretsa Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), Fes (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) le Acropolis ya Athena (Gerika). Tiro ya mokgatlho o ka ga boswa e ne ya dira gore go amogelwe, ka 1972, Tumalano e e amanang le Tshireletso ya Boswa jwa Setso le jwa Tlhago jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Heritage Convention|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Ka 1976, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa mme mafelo a ntlha a ne a akarediwa mo Lenaneong la Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 1978. <ref>{{Cite web|title=41st Session of the World Heritage Committee|publisher=The City of Krakow|url=https://www.krakow.pl/krakow_open_city/see_also___/211447,339,komunikat,41st_session_of_the_world_heritage_committee_.html|date=18 August 2017|access-date=2024-07-26}}</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo didirisiwa tsa botlhokwa tsa semolao ka ga boswa jwa setso le pharologano di ile tsa amogelwa ke ditšhaba tse e leng maloko tsa UNESCO ka 2003 ( Tumalano ya go Sireletsa Boswa jwa Lefatshe ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> le 2005 ( Tumalano ya Tshireletso le Thotloetso ya Mefutafuta ya Ditlhagiso tsa Setso ) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/convention-protection-and-promotion-diversity-cultural-expressions|title=Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> P​<ref>{{Cite web|title=About CERN|url=https://home.cern/about|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=[[CERN]]}}</ref> Ka 1968, UNESCO e ne ya rulaganya khonferense ya ntlha ya dipuso tse di farologaneng e e neng e ikaeletse go kopanya tikologo le tlhabololo, e leng bothata jo bo tswelelang go rarabololwa mo lephateng la tlhabololo e e tswelelang . Dipoelo tse dikgolo tsa khonferense ya 1968 e ne e le go tlhamiwa ga Lenaneo la UNESCO la Monna le Lefelo la Ditshedi . Mo lephateng la tlhaeletsano, "go elela ga dikakanyo ka kgololesego ka lefoko le setshwantsho" go ntse go le mo molaotheong wa UNESCO fa e sa le o tlhongwa, go latela maitemogelo a Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi fa taolo ya tshedimosetso e ne e le ntlha ya go ruta batho go nna bogale. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Seeds of Peace, Weeds of War|url=https://irpj.euclid.int/articles/united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-seeds-of-peace-weeds-of-war/|access-date=2024-07-26|website=IRPJ = Intergovernmental Research and Policy Journal}}</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela morago fela ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, maiteko a ne a tlhomiwa mogopolo mo go ageng sesha le mo go lemogeng ditlhokego tsa ditsela tsa tlhaeletsano ya batho ba le bantsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe. UNESCO e simolotse go rulaganyetsa katiso le thuto ya babegadikgang ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950. <ref name=":1" /> Go tsibogela dipitso tsa " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšhwa ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, UNESCO e ne ya tlhoma Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Mathata a Tlhaeletsano, <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|pages=147–169}}</ref> e e neng ya tlhagisa pegelo ya MacBride ya 1980 (e e bidiwang ka modulasetulo wa khomišene, Mokgele wa Kagiso wa Nobel Seureate MacB ). <ref name=":2" /> Ka one ngwaga oo, UNESCO e ne ya tlhama Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la Tlhabololo ya Tlhaeletsano (IPDC), e leng foramo ya dinaga di le dintsi e e diretsweng go rotloetsa tlhabololo ya bobegakgang mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-programme-development-communication/about|title=International Programme for the Development of Communication – About|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> Ka 1993, Khonferensekakaretso ya UNESCO e ne ya tshegetsa Maipolelo a Windhoek ka boipuso jwa bobegadikgang le bontsi, e leng se se dirileng gore Kokoanokakaretso ya UN e itsise letlha la go amogelwa ga yone, 3 Motsheganong, jaaka Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang . <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Press Freedom Day|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/press-freedom-day|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Fa e sale ka 1997, UNESCO e ntse e aba Mokgele wa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO / Guillermo Cano ka di 3 tsa Mot === Lekgolo la bo21 la dingwaga === Ka 2011, UNESCO e ne ya amogela Palesetina go nna leloko. Melao e e neng ya fetisiwa kwa United States morago ga gore Palestina e dire kopo ya go nna leloko la UNESCO le WHO ka Moranang 1989 <ref name="Sakran2019">{{Cite book|pages=64–}}</ref> e raya gore United States ga e ka ke ya thusa ka madi mo mokgatlhong ope wa UN o o amogelang Palestina jaaka leloko le le tletseng. <ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. stops UNESCO funding over Palestinian vote|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031|date=31 October 2011|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya seo, United States e ne ya gogela morago matlole a yone, a a neng a dira mo e ka nnang 22% ya tekanyetso ya madi ya UNESCO. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html|title=Unesco Approves Full Membership for Palestinians|date=31 October 2011|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> Iseraele gape e ne ya tsibogela go amogelwa ga Palestina mo UNESCO ka go emisa dituelo tsa Iseraele mo UNESCO le go tsenya dikiletso mo Bogoging jwa Palestina, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600|title=After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S.|date=4 November 2011|access-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> e bolela gore go amogelwa ga Palestina go tla nna kotsi " mo dipuisanong tse di ka nnang teng tsa kagiso " . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST|publisher=CNN|title=Israel freezes UNESCO funds|date=3 December 2011|access-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> Ka 2013, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga go emisa go duela dituelo tsa yone kwa UNESCO, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa latlhegelwa ke ditshwanelo tsa go tlhopha tsa UNESCO, mme di sa latlhegelwe ke tshwanelo ya go tlhophiwa; ka jalo, United States e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la boto ya khuduthamaga mo pakeng ya go tloga ka 2016 go ya go 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108|title=U.S., Israel lose voting rights at UNESCO over Palestine row|work=Reuters|date=8 November 2013|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref> Ka 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tlogela UNESCO morago ga dingwaga di le masome a le marataro le boferabongwe e le leloko, mme moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UN Danny Danon o ne a kwala jaana: "UNESCO ke setlhopha se se tswelelang go kwala ditso sesha, go akaretsa le ka go phimola kgolagano ya Bajuda le Jerusalema... e sentswe le go dirisiwa ka boferefere ke baba ba Iseraele... ga re kake ranna leloko la mokgatlho yo o berekang kgatlhanong le rona ka bomo." <ref>{{Cite web|title="69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US" – The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/|access-date=2 February 2021|website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> Ka 2023, Russia e ne ya kgaphelwa thoko mo komiting ya khuduthamaga lekgetho la ntlha, morago ga go palelwa ke go bona ditlhopho tse di lekaneng. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia not elected to UNESCO Executive Board for the first time|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-not-elected-to-unesco-executive-board-for-the-first-time/|date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Gape ka 2023, United States e ne ya bolela maikaelelo a yone a go boela mo UNESCO, dingwaga di le tlhano morago ga go tswa, le go duela didikadike di le makgolo a le borataro tsa didolara tsa Amerikale tsa dituelo tsa yone tsa morago. <ref name="usa2023">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/unesco-us-rejoin-palestine-china-5b7849bd2cae966e4e9837380c0c094f|first=Angela|last=Charlton|date=2023-06-12|access-date=2024-09-26|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|title=US decides to rejoin UNESCO and pay back dues, to counter Chinese influence}}</ref> United States e ne ya amogelwa gape ke [[UNESCO|Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa UNESCO]] ka Phukwi yoo. <ref name="uspbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-formally-rejoins-unesco-5-years-after-withdraw|title=U.S. formally rejoins UNESCO 5 years after withdraw|last=Lee|first=Matthew|website=[[PBS]]|date=2024-09-26|access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> == Ditiragalo ==   UNESCO e diragatsa ditiro tsa yone ka dikarolo di le tlhano tsa lenaneo: thuto, Maranyane a tlholego, Maranyane a setho le batho, setso, le tlhaeletsano le kitso. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice/newdelhi/expertise|title=Expertise|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> * UNESCO e tshegetsa dipatlisiso mo thutong ya papiso, e tlamela ka boitseanape le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo go nonotsha boeteledipele jwa bosetšhaba jwa thuto le bokgoni jwa ditšhaba go tlamela botlhe ka thuto ya boleng . Seno se akaretsa ** Ditilo tsa UNESCO, e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a ditilo tsa UNESCO di le makgolo a le marataro le masome a le mane le bone tse di akaretsang makalana a feta makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le supa mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borataro ** Mokgatlho wa Tshomarelo ya Tikologo ** Tumalano e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo mo Thutong e e amogetsweng ka 1960 ** Mokgatlho wa Phuthego ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Bagolo ( CONFINTEA ) mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi ** Go gatisiwa ga Pegelo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Tlhokomelo ya Thuto ya Botlhe ** Go gatisiwa ga ''tokomane e e botlhokwa thata ya Dipilara tse Nnè tsa go Ithuta'' ** [[UNESCO|UNESCO ASPNet]], e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a dikolo di feta dikete di le lesome le bobedi mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabobedi le bobedi UNESCO ga e neele dikolo tsa thuto e kgolwane tetlelelosemmuso. Kgoro ya UNESCO ya go dira dilo mo pepeneneng e diretswe go kgontsha setšhaba go bona tshedimosetso tebang le ditiro tsa Mokgatlho, jaaka tekanyetso ya tiriso ya madi ya yone e kopanetsweng ya dingwaga di le pedi, mmogo le dikgolagano tsa ditokomane tse di lebaganeng le mananeo le tsa matlole. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse tse di farologaneng tsa tshedimosetso di gatisitswe mo ya IATI, ka go latelana go ikaegilwe ka Seelo sa Tiro sa IATI le Seelo sa Mokgatlho wa IATI. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Transparency Portal|url=https://opendata.unesco.org/en/|access-date=2021-03-01|website=opendata.unesco.org|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510034410/https://opendata.unesco.org/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mananeo a masha a a akanyeditsweng === Go akanyeditswe mananeo a mabedi a masha a UNESCO. <ref name="newunescolists">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/cairo/culture/tangible-cultural-heritage/|title=Tangible Cultural Heritage – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=unesco.org|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref> Lenaneo la ntlha le le akanyeditsweng le tla tsepamisa mogopolo mo bosweng jwa setso jo bo tsamayang jaaka dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, ditshwantsho tse di takilweng, le dilo tse di tshelang. Lenaneo le le ka akaretsa dilo tsa setso, tse di jaaka Jōmon Venus wa kwa Japane, ''Mona Lisa'' wa Fora, Thipa ya Gebel el-Arak ya [[Egypt|Egepeto]], ''Lekhubu la Borobongwe'' la Russia, Mosadi yo o Ntseng wa Çatalhöyük wa Turkey, <nowiki><i id="mwAq8">Dafide</i></nowiki> (Michelangelo) wa Italy, Mathura Herakles wa kwa India, Manuwppiek wa kwa Korea, Manuwppiek wa kwa ''Korea'' . ''Hay Wain'' wa United Kingdom, le [[Benin Bronzes|Diboronse tsa Benin]] tsa Nigeria. <ref name="newunescolists"/> Lenaneo la bobedi le le akanyeditsweng le tla remelela mo ditshiding tsa lefatshe ka bophara.l<ref name="newunescolists"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/114908|title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Document – Discovered artifacts under preservation, Archaeological Site, 18 Hoang Dieu street|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> == Bobegakgang == UNESCO le makalana a yone a a kgethegileng a gatisa dibukana di le mmalwa. E tlhamilwe ka 1945, bukana ya ''UNESCO Courier'' e bolela maikaelelo a one go "rotloetsa dikeletso tsa UNESCO, go tlhokomela serala sa dipuisano magareng ga ditso le go tlamela ka foramo ya dingangisano tsa boditšhabatšhaba". Fa e sa le ka March 2006 e ntse e bonwa mahala mo Internet, mme e na le ditokololo tse di gatisitsweng tse di lekanyeditsweng. Ditlhogo tsa yone di tlhagisa maikutlo a bakwadi ba e seng maikutlo a UNESCO. Go ne ga nna le kgaotso ya go gatisa fa gare ga 2012 le 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/courier/archives|title=Archives|website=The UNESCO Courier|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=14 November 2018|date=20 April 2017}}</ref> Ka 1950, UNESCO e ne ya simolola tshekatsheko ya kotara le kotara ''ya Tlhotlheletso ya Maranyane mo Setšhabeng'' (e gape e bidiwang ''Impact'' ) go tlotla ka tlhotlheletso ya maranyane setšhabeng. Lekwalobukana le ne la emisa go gatisiwa ka 1992. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/nfsunesco/brochure/E29.PDF|title=Science and Technology Education|publisher=UNESCO|date=1998|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> == DiNGO tsa semmuso tsa UNESCO == UNESCO e na le dikamano tsa semmuso le mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e e seng ya puso (di-NGO) e le malgolo a le mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngo-db.unesco.org/s/or/en|title=Quoted on UNESCO official site|publisher=Ngo-db.unesco.org|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Bontsi jwa tse ke tse UNESCO e di bitsang "tse di dirang"; di le mmalwa tse di tlhophilweng ke tsa "semmuso". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35293&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=Full list of NGOs that have official relations with UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Mofuta o o kwa godimo wa go nna leloko la UNESCO ke "molekane wa semmuso", mme diNGO di le masome a mabedi le bobedi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngo-db.unesco.org/s/or/en|title=UNESCO Headquarters Committee 107th session 13 Feb 2009|publisher=Ngo-db.unesco.org|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> tse di nang le dikamano ''tsa semmuso tsa molekane'' (ASC) tse di nang le diofisi kwa UNESCO ke: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Khutshwafatso ! Thulaganyo |- | IB | Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Dikerite |- | CCIVS | Komiti ya Kgokaganyo ya Tirelo ya Boithaopo ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | CIPSH | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Dithuto tsa Botho ( ''Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Disaense Tsa Batho'' ; le gatisa Diogenes ) . |- | CIOFF | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Mekete ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso ( ''Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Meletlo ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso'' ) . |- | EI | Thuto ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | IAU | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Diyunibesiti |- | IFTC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difilimi, Thelebišene le Tlhaeletsano ya Ditsebe le Ditshwantsho |- | ICOM | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo |- | ICSSPE | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ya Metshameko le Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele |- | ICA | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Diakhaefe |- | IKOMOS | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo |- | IFJ | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Babegadikgang |- | IFLA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Dilaeborari le Ditheo |- | IFPA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Poko |- | IMC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mmino |- | IPA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Sepodisi |- | SETLAKETA | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense la Tlhabololo ya Ditlhaketlhake |- | ISC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ( le pele e neng e le ICSU le ISSC ) |- | ITI | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Bobogelo |- | IUCN | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Tshomarelo ya Tlhago le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago |- | IUTAO | Kopano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Mekgatlho le Mekgatlho ya Setegeniki |- | UIA | Kopano ya Mekgatlho ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | WAN | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Dikuranta |- | WFEO | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Mekgatlho ya Boenjenere |- | WFUCA | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Ditlelapa, Disenthara le Mekgatlho ya UNESCO |} [[Setshwantsho:Unesco-IHE.JPG|thumb|Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Metsi kwa Delft]] == Makalana le disenthara == Makalana ke maphata a kgethegileng a mokgatlho a a tshegetsang lenaneo la UNESCO, a a tlamelang ka tshegetso e e kgethegileng ya diofisi tsa ditlhopha le tsa bosetšhaba. {| class="sortable wikitable" !Khutshwafatso ! Leina ! Lefelo |- | IBE | Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto | Geneva <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en|title=International Bureau of Education|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | UIL | Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Botshelo Jotlhe | Hamborogo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uil.unesco.org/unesco-institute|website=UIL – UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning|title=About the Institute|access-date=14 November 2018|date=29 October 2015|archive-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224304/http://uil.unesco.org/unesco-institute|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | IIEP | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thulaganyo ya Thuto | Paris ( ntlokgolo ) le Buenos Aires le Dakar ( diofisi tsa kgaolo ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiep.unesco.org/|title=IIEP UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IITE | Setheo sa UNESCO sa Dithekenoloji tsa Tshedimosetso mo Thutong | Mosekou <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iite.unesco.org/contact-us/|website=UNESCO IITE|title=Contact Us|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IICBA | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Kago ya Bokgoni mo Aforika | Adis Ababa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iicba.unesco.org/?q=node/146|title=Contact Us|publisher=UNESCO|website=IICBA|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IESAL | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thutogodimo kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean | Karakase <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iesalc.unesco.org.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2030&Itemid=1411&lang=en|title=Contact Us|publisher=UNESCO|website=IESALC|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | MGIEP | Setheo sa Thuto sa Mahatma Gandhi sa Kagiso le Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele | Deli e Ntšha <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mgiep.unesco.org|title=Building Social and Emotional Learning for Education 2030|publisher=UNESCO|website=UNESCO MGIEP|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> |- | UNESCO-UNESCO | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto le Katiso ya Setegeniki le ya Tiro ya Diatla ya UNESCO-UNEVOC | Bonn <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=page_contact|title=UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | ICWRGC | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Metswedi ya Metsi le Phetogo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe | Koblenz <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterandchange.org/en|website=ICWRGC – International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change|title=The International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC)|access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> |- | IHE | Setheo sa IHE-Delft sa Thuto ya Metsi | Delft <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un-ihe.org/|title=Home|website=IHE Delft Institute for Water Education|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | ICTP | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Fisika ya Dikgopolo | Teriesete <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/mission-history.aspx|website=ICTP – International Centre for Theoretical Physics|publisher=UNESCO|title=Mission & History|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | UIS | Setheo sa Dipalopalo sa UNESCO | Montreale <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uis.unesco.org/en/contact-us|title=Contact Us|website=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=14 November 2018|date=21 November 2016}}</ref> |} == Dietsele == UNESCO e aba dietsele di le masome a mabedi le borataro mo thutong, mo maranyaneng a tlholego, mo maranyaneng a tsa setho le batho, mo setsong, mo tlhaeletsanong le mo tshedimosetsong mmogo le mo kagisong: === Thuto === * UNESCO/Seetsele sa Puisokwalo wa Kgosi Sejong * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Confucius wa Puisokwalo * Moputso wa UNESCO-Japan wa Thuto ya Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele * Sekgele sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Basetsana le Basadi * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum wa Tiro e e ko godimo le Tiragatso ya go Ntlafatsa Bokgoni jwa Barutabana * Seetsele sa UNESCO sa Kgosi Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa wa Tiriso ya mafaratlhatlha a Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano mo Thutong * Dietsele tsa L'Oréal-UNESCO tsa Basadi ba ba mo maranyaneng * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Kalinga wa go Dira gore maranyane a itsege * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea wa Patlisiso mo Maranyaneng a Botshelo * Mokgele wa Carlos J. Finlay wa Thutoditshedi tse dinnye * Mokgele wa UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos wa go Somarela Tikologo * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mendeleev wa UNESCO-Russia wa Maranyane a Motheo * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Al Fozan wa Thotloetso ya Bomankge ba maranyane ba ba Botlana ba STEM * Seetseele sa Michel Batisse ya Botsamaisi jwa Polokelo ya Ditshedi === Maranyane a tsa Setho le Batho === * Seetsele sa UNESCO wa Avicenna wa Maitsholo mo Saenseng * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Juan Bosch wa go Tsweletsa Patlisiso ka Saense ya Loago kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean * Seetsele sa UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh wa Thotloetso ya Itshokelano le go se Dirise Dikgoka * Seetsele sa UNESCO-Sharjah wa Setso sa Maarabia * UNESCO/Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa ga José Martí * Seetsele sa UNESCO-UNAM / Seetsele sa ga Jaime Torres Bodet wa maranyane a tsa setho, tsa batho le tsa bodiragatsi === Tlhaeletsano le Tshedimosetso === * Seetsele sa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Guillermo Cano * UNESCO/Mokgele wa Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah go rotloetsa Thuto ya Boleng ya Batho ba ba nang le Bogole jwa Tlhaloganyo * Mokgele wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Jikji === Kagiso === * Seetsele sa Félix Houphouët-Boigny sa Kagiso === Dietsele tsa Kagiso tse di seyong mo tirisong === * == Malatsi a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a boditšhabatšhaba == Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Date !Name |- |14 January |World Logic Day |- |24 January |World Day for African and [[Batswakwa ba Aferika|Afrodescendant]] Culture<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/world-day|access-date=16 March 2023|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |- |24 January |International Day of Education |- |25 January |[[International Day of Women in Multilateralism]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Women in Multilateralism|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/women-multilateralism|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |27 January |International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust |- |11 February |International Day of Women and Girls in Science |- |13 February |World Radio Day |- |21 February |[[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la loleme lwa ga Mmè|International Mother Language Day]] |- |4 March |UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development |- |8 March |International Women's Day |- |14 March |International Day of Mathematics |- |20 March |International Francophonie Day |- |21 March |International Day of Nowruz |- |21 March |World Poetry Day |- |21 March |[[Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la go emisiwa ga tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala|International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] |- |22 March |World Water Day |- |5 April |International Day of Conscience |- |6 April |International Day of Sport for Development and Peace |- |15 April |World Art Day |- |23 April |World Book and Copyright Day |- |30 April |International Jazz Day |- |3 May |World Press Freedom Day |- |5 May |African World Heritage Day |- |5 May |World Portuguese Language Day |- |16 May |International Day of Light |- |21 May |World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development |- |22 May |International Day for Biological Diversity |- |5 June |World Environment Day |- |8 June |World Oceans Day |- |17 June |World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |- |7 July |Kiswahili Language Day |- |18 July |Nelson Mandela International Day |- |26 July |International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem |- |9 August |International Day of the World's Indigenous People |- |12 August |International Youth Day |- |23 August |International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition |- |8 September |International Literacy Day |- |9 September |International Day to Protect Education from Attack |- |15 September |International Day of Democracy |- |20 September |International Day for University Sport |- |21 September |International Day of Peace |- |28 September |International Day for the Universal Access to Information |- |5 October |World Teachers' Day |- |6 October |International Geodiversity Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.geodiversityday.org/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=Geodiversity Day}}</ref> |- |11 October |International Day of the Girl Child |- |13 October |International Day for Disaster Reduction |- |17 October |International Day for the Eradication of Poverty |- |24 October |United Nations Day |- |27 October |World Day for Audiovisual Heritage |- |2 November |International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/day/endimpunity|title=International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists|website=UNESCO|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> |- |3 November |International Day for Biosphere Reserves<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day for Biosphere Reserves|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/biosphere-reserves?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928|access-date=20 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |First Thursday of November |International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying<ref>{{Cite web|title=International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |5 November |World Day of Romani Language |- |5 November |World Tsunami Awareness Day |- |10 November |World Science Day for Peace and Development |- |14 November |International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |Third Thursday of November |World Philosophy Day |- |16 November |International Day for Tolerance |- |18 November |International International Day of Islamic Art<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Islamic Art|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-day-islamic-art?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |25 November |International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women |- |26 November |World Olive Tree Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day of the Olive Tree|url=https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=International Olive Council|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330112831/https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |29 November |International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People |- |1 December |World AIDS Day |- |2 December |World Futures Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Futures Day|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/world-futures?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005a8944393e54498a6a76c337f206b93f3df96e7230f9cb8d5bfbd1f7d90c5ceb087a862064143000d48518290f2d33eede6cfbd08f9ea8d7ca374e7b1f573d2a3e2d1f9ce27cc48a4f9e190123c7bd6714dba119bd6b04b0|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |3 December |International Day of Persons with Disabilities |- |10 December |Human Rights Day |- |18 December |International Migrants Day |- |18 December |World Arabic Language Day |} == Ditšhaba tse e leng maloko == [[Setshwantsho:UNESCO_member_states.png|right|thumb|334x334px]] As of July 2023[update], UNESCO has 194 member states and 12 associate members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/member-states/countries/|title=List of UNESCO members and associates|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref> Some members are not [[Independent state|independent states]] and some members have additional National Organizing Committees from some of their [[Dependent territory|dependent territories]].<ref name="Palestine">{{Cite web|title=Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf|publisher=WADA|access-date=28 July 2009|archive-date=16 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116165411/http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> UNESCO state parties are the [[United Nations member states]] (except Israel<ref>{{Citation|title=Declaration by UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay on the withdrawal of Israel from the Organization|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/declaration-unesco-director-general-audrey-azoulay-withdrawal-israel-organization|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> and [[Liechtenstein]]), as well as [[Cook Islands]], [[Niue]] and [[Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties|title=State Parties|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|title=Member States of the United Nations|publisher=United Nations|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> Israel left UNESCO on 31 December 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Statement by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of the Withdrawal by the United States of America from UNESCO|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/statement-irina-bokova-director-general-unesco-occasion-withdrawal-united-states-america-unesco|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 4, 2025, Nicaragua e ne ya itsise tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago mo UNESCO, go simolola ka Sedimonthole 31, 2026. <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO Statement following Nicaragua's decision to withdraw from the Organization|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-statement-following-nicaraguas-decision-withdraw-organization|access-date=2025-07-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nicaragua leaves UNESCO after exiled newspaper wins award – DW – 05/04/2025|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nicaragua-leaves-unesco-after-exiled-newspaper-wins-award/a-72431357|access-date=2025-07-24|website=dw.com}}</ref> United States e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO ka 1984, ya tsenela UNESCO gape ka 2003, ya tswa gape ka 2018, mme ya tsenela gape ka 2023. <ref name="usa2023"/> <ref name="us withdrawal" /> <ref name="uspbs"/> Ka Phukwi 22, 2025, United States e ne ya itsise Mookamedi-mogolo ka tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago gape go simologa ga Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe.]2 <ref name="us withdrawal">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-22|title=US says it's leaving UNESCO again, only 2 years after rejoining|url=https://apnews.com/article/unesco-trump-withdraw-paris-united-nations-israel-129a4ffbce562e1aa497231e0bdd55a5|access-date=2025-07-22|website=AP News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The United States Withdraws from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/07/the-united-states-withdraws-from-the-united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-unesco/|access-date=2025-07-22|website=United States Department of State}}</ref> 21]. <ref name="us withdrawal"/> == Makgotlana a tsa bolaodi == === Mookamedi-mogolo === Mo go Seetebosigo wa 2023, go nnile go nnile le baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO sale jaaka e simolodisiwa, borre ba le boferabongwe le bomme ba le babedi. Baokamedi bagolo ba ba lesome le bongwe ba UNESCO ba tswa mo dikgaolong tse di borataro go tswa mo mokgatlhong: Bophirima jwa Yuropa (botlhano), Bogare jwa Amerika (bongwe), Amerika Bokone (bobedi), Africa Bophirima (bongwe), Asia Botlhaba(bongwe), le Yuropa Bophirima (bongwe). Go fitlha mo bogompienong, ga go ise go nne le Mookamedi-mogolo yo o tlhophilweng go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di setseng di le lesome mo teng ga UNESCO: Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, Asia Borwa, Asia Bogare le Bokone, Botlhabagare, Aforika Bokone, Aforika Botlhaba, Aforika Bogare, Aforika Borwa, Australia-Oceania, le Amerika Borwa. Lenaneo la Baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO fa e sa le e tlhongwa ka 1946 le ntse jaana: {| class="wikitable" |+Directors-General of UNESCO | scope="col" |Order ! scope="col" |Image ! scope="col" |Name ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Term |- |1st |[[Setshwantsho:Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg|75x75px]] | scope="row" |Julian Huxley | United Kingdom |1946–1948 |- |2nd |[[Setshwantsho:JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902,_ESCRITOR,_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_(13451293993).jpg|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Jaime Torres Bodet | Mexico |1948–1952 |- bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |– |[[Setshwantsho:Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png|79x79px]] |John Wilkinson Taylor | United States | bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |acting 1952–1953 |- |3rd |[[Setshwantsho:Luther_Harris_Evans,_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_(UNESCO).tif|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Luther Evans | United States |1953–1958 |- |4th |[[Setshwantsho:Contemporary_history,_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Vittorino Veronese | Italy |1958–1961 |- |5th |[[Setshwantsho:René_Maheu_(France),_UNESCO_Director_General_(1961-1974).JPG|76x76px]] | scope="row" |René Maheu | France |acting 1961; 1961–1974 |- |6th |[[Setshwantsho:Unesco_history,_M'Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow | Senegal |1974–1987 |- |7th |[[Setshwantsho:Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_et_Alain_Husson-Dumoutier_(cropped).jpg|78x78px]] | scope="row" |Federico Mayor Zaragoza | Spain |1987–1999 |- |8th |[[Setshwantsho:Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg|75x75px]] | scope="row" |Koïchiro Matsuura | Japan |1999–2009 |- |9th |[[Setshwantsho:Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg|83x83px]] | scope="row" |Irina Bokova | Bulgaria |2009–2017 |- |10th |[[Setshwantsho:Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_(cropped).jpg|97x97px]] | scope="row" |Audrey Azoulay | France |2017–''Incumbent'' |} === Bokopano jwa Botlhe === Lenaneo le ke la diphuthego tsa Bokopano jwa Botlhe ya UNESCO tse di tshwerweng fa e sa le ka 1946: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Session !Location !Year !Chaired by !from |- |1st |Paris |1946 |Léon Blum | France |- |2nd |Mexico City |1947 |Manuel Gual Vidal | Mexico |- |3rd |Beirut |1948 |Hamid Bey Frangie | Lebanon |- |1st extraordinary |Paris |1948 | | |- |4th |Paris |1949 |Edward Ronald Walker | Australia |- |5th |Florence |1950 |Stefano Jacini | Italy |- |6th |Paris |1951 |Howland H. Sargeant | United States |- |7th |Paris |1952 |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | India |- |2nd extraordinary |Paris |1953 | | |- |8th |Montevideo |1954 |Justino Zavala Muniz | Uruguay |- |9th |New Delhi |1956 |Abul Kalam Azad | India |- |10th |Paris |1958 |Jean Berthoin | France |- |11th |Paris |1960 |Akale-Work Abte-Wold | Ethiopia |- |12th |Paris |1962 |Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro | Brazil |- |13th |Paris |1964 |Norair Sisakian | Soviet Union |- |14th |Paris |1966 |Bedrettin Tuncel | Turkey |- |15th |Paris |1968 |William Eteki Mboumoua | Cameroon |- |16th |Paris |1970 |Atilio Dell'Oro Maini | Argentina |- |17th |Paris |1972 |Toru Haguiwara | Japan |- |3rd extraordinary |Paris |1973 | | |- |18th |Paris |1974 |Magda Jóború | Hungary |- |19th |Nairobi |1976 |Taaita Toweett | Kenya |- |20th |Paris |1978 |Napoléon LeBlanc | Canada |- |21st |Belgrade |1980 |Ivo Margan | Yugoslavia |- |4th extraordinary |Paris |1982 | | |- |22nd |Paris |1983 |Saïd Tell | Jordan |- |23rd |Sofia |1985 |Nikolai Todorov | Bulgaria |- |24th |Paris |1987 |Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez | Guatemala |- |25th |Paris |1989 |Anwar Ibrahim | Malaysia |- |26th |Paris |1991 |Bethwell Allan Ogot | Kenya |- |27th |Paris |1993 |Ahmed Saleh Sayyad | Yemen |- |28th |Paris |1995 |Torben Krogh | Denmark |- |29th |Paris |1997 |Eduardo Portella | Brazil |- |30th |Paris |1999 |Jaroslava Moserová | Czech Republic |- |31st |Paris |2001 |Ahmad Jalali | Iran |- |32nd |Paris |2003 |Michael Omolewa | Nigeria |- |33rd |Paris |2005 |Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan | Oman |- |34th |Paris |2007 |Georgios Anastassopoulos | Greece |- |35th |Paris |2009 |Davidson Hepburn | Bahamas |- |36th |Paris |2011 |Katalin Bogyay | Hungary |- |37th<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Conference 37th|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/general-conference-37th/|website=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> |Paris |2013 |Hao Ping | China |- |38th |Paris |2015 |Stanley Mutumba Simataa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/general-conference-38th/president/|title=President of the 38th session of the General Conference|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref> | Namibia |- |39th |Paris |2017 |Zohour Alaoui<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/39/president|title=President of the 39th session of the General Conference|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=12 November 2017|date=5 October 2017}}</ref> | Morocco |- |40th |Paris |2019 | Ahmet Altay Cengizer<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO: President of the 40th session of the General Conference|date=14 October 201|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/40/presiden|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> | Turkey |- |41st<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/41|title=41st Session of the General Conference – 9–24 November 2021|date=1 June 2021|website=UNESCO|access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref> |Paris |2021 |Santiago Irazabal Mourão | Brazil |- |42nd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Address by Ms Simona Mirela Miculescu|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387533?posInSet=16&queryId=ffd33a3a-41f1-4a8b-9543-7f10c0f2dd6a|date=13 November 2023}}</ref> |Paris |2023 |Simona Miculescu | Romania |} === Lekgotla la Khuduthamaga === Ditlhopho di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga, mme baemedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi ba nna mo maemong dingwaga di le nne. {| class="wikitable" |- style="border-top: 2px solid;" !Term !Group I <br /><br />(9 seats) !Group II <br /><br />(7 seats) !Group III <br /><br />(10 seats) !Group IV <br /><br />(12 seats) !Group V(a) <br /><br />(13 seats) !Group V(b) <br /><br />(7 seats) |- style="border-top: 2px solid;" |2017–<br /><br />2021 |  Finland  Portugal  Turkey |  Albania  Belarus  Bulgaria |  Cuba  Grenada  Jamaica  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Venezuela |  Bangladesh  China  India  Indonesia  Japan  Philippines |  Burundi  Equatorial Guinea  Ethiopia  Madagascar  Zambia  Zimbabwe |  Egypt  Jordan  Morocco |- |2019–2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/40/elections|title=40th Session of the General Conference – 12–27 November 2019|date=16 October 2019|website=UNESCO|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> |  France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  Spain  Switzerland | Hungary Poland Russia Serbia |  Argentina  Brazil  Dominican Republic Uruguay | Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Philippines Pakistan South Korea  Thailand | Benin Congo Guinea Ghana  Kenya Namibia  Senegal Togo | Saudi Arabia UAE  Tunisia |- style="background:#f7f7c7;border-top: 2px solid;" |'''2021–2025'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elections|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference/41/elections?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000296c62ecf70783aa2deb49bab9972b32e78e12a141101e730f19afd71077a454085e4dbe2414300050c3569c0132c2e6ed5d6c59cee0616cbf7eb737bcd75d6d5fbcda198e9ca730a3a536e274d2f7e2f102624759a6d48c|date=17 November 2021}}</ref> |  Austria  Iceland  Turkey | Armenia Azerbaijan Lithuania |  Chile  Grenada Haiti  Mexico  Paraguay  Saint Lucia | China Cook Islands India Japan Philippines  Vietnam | Angola Botswana Congo Djibouti  South Africa Tanzania | Egypt Jordan Kuwait |- style="background:#efe;border-top: 2px solid;" |'''2023–2027'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elections|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference/42/elections|date=15 November 2023}}</ref> |  France  Germany  Italy  Spain  United Kingdom United States | Albania Czech Republic Serbia Slovakia |  Argentina  Brazil Cuba  Dominican Republic | Australia Bangladesh Indonesia Pakistan South Korea  Sri Lanka | Burkina Faso Côte d'Ivoire Gabon Liberia  Mauritius Mozambique  Nigeria | Iraq Oman Qatar  Saudi Arabia |} Diofisi tsa pereko tsa UNESCO go ralala lefatshe di arogantswe ka mefuta e mene ya diofisi tsa konokono go ikaegilwe ka tiro ya tsone le lefelo le di akaretsang mo go lone: diofisi tsa ditlhopha, diofisi tsa bosetšhaba, dibiro tsa dikgaolo le diofisi tsa puisano. === Diofisi tsa perekelo go ya ka dikgaolo === Lenaneo le latelang la Diofisi tsotlhe tsa pereko tsa UNESCO le rulagantswe go ya ka thutafatshe ke Kgaolo ya UNESCO mme le supa dinaga tse e leng maloko le maloko a a amanang le UNESCO a a direlwang ke ofisi nngwe le nngwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/countries/field-offices/|title=List of All UNESCO Field Offices by Region with Descriptions of Member State Coverage|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> ==== Aforika ==== * Abidjan – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Côte d’Ivoire * Abuja – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nigeria * Accra – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone le Togo * Addis Ababa – Kantoro ya Puisano le [[African Union|Kopano ya Aforika]] le le Khomišene ya Ikonomi ya Aforika * Bamako – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali le Niger * Brazzaville – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki ya Congo * Bujumbura – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Burundi * Dakar – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Kapa Botala, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, le Senegal * Dar es Salaam – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Dinaga tsa Comoro, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles le Tanzania * Harare – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya [[Botswana]], Malawi, Mozambique, [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]] * Juba – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan Borwa * Kinshasa – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo * Libreville – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Rephaboliki ya Congo, Rephaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo, Ekhweitha Guinea, Gabon le São Tomé le Príncipe * Maputo – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mozambique * Nairobi – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, [[Kenya]], Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan Borwa le Uganda * Windhoek – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa [[Namibia]] * Yaoundé – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Cameroon, Repaboliki ya Aforika Bogare le Chad ==== Maloko a Arabea ==== * Amman – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Jordan * Beirut – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Lebanon, Siria, Jordan, Iraq le Palesetina * Cairo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha ya [[Egypt|Egepeto]] le Sudan * Doha – Kantoro ya Setlhopha go ya kwa Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Emirate ya Maarabia a a Kopaneng le Yemen * Iraq – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Iraq (e ga jaana e leng kwa Amman, Jordan) * Khartoum – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan * Manama – Senthara ya Kgaolo ya Maarabia ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe * Rabat – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco le [[Tunisia]] * Ramallah – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Dikgaolo tsa Palestina ==== Asia le Pacific ==== * Almaty – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan le Uzbekistan * Apia – Ofisi ya Setlhopha e e yang kwa Australia, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Cook, Fiji, Kiribati, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Marshall, Dinaga tse di Kopaneng tsa Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Solomon, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatember le Mekelau ) * Bangkok – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore le [[Vietnam]] * Beijing – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Korea Bokone, Japane, Mongolia, [[China|Repaboliki ya Batho ya China]] le Korea Borwa * Dhaka – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Bangladesh * Hanoi – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya [[Vietnam]] * Islamabad – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Pakistan * Jakarta – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, le Timor Botlhaba * Manila – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Philippines * Kabul – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Afghanistan * Kathmandu – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nepal * New Delhi – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives le Sri Lanka * Phnom Penh – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Cambodia * Tashkent – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Uzbekistan * Teheran – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Afganistan, Iran, Pakistan le Turkmenistan ==== Yuropa le Amerika Bokone ==== * Brussels – Ofisi ya Puisano le Kopano ya Yuropa le mekgatlho ya yone e e tlaleletsang kwa Brussels * Geneva – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa Geneva * Toropo ya New York – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa New York * Venice – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane le Setso kwa Yuropa ==== Amerika wa Selatine le Kharibbea ==== * Brasília – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Brazil <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Office in Brasilia {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/brasilia/home|website=unesco.org|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> * Toropokgolo ya Guatemala – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Guatemala * Havana – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Setso kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Cuba, kwa Rephaboliking ya Dominican, kwa Haiti le kwa Aruba * Kingston – Kantoro ya Setlhopha se se yang kwa Antigua le Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts le Nevis, Boitshepo Lucia, Boitshepo Vincent le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Grenadines, Suriname le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Trinidad le Tobago mmogo le naga e e amanang le Boritane, Curaçao le Sint Maarten * Lima – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Peru * Toropokgolo ya Mexico – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mexico * Montevideo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Amerika wa Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay le Uruguay * Port-au-Prince – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Haiti * Quito – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bolivia, [[Colombia|Kolombia]], Ecuador le Venezuela <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oficina de la UNESCO en Quito {{!}} Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/es/quito|website=unesco.org|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> * San José – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua le Panama * Santiago de Chile – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Amerika Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Chile === Mekgatlho ya badiri ka mokgatlho === * Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Sefapaano se Sehibidu (ICRC) * Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Thebe e e Botala jwa Legodimo (BSI) * Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo (ICOM) * Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo (ICOMOS) * Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Molao wa Botho (IIHL) == Dikganetsano == === Taolo ya Lefatshe le Lesha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano === UNESCO e nnile bogare jwa dikganetsano mo nakong e e fetileng, bogolosegolo mo dikamanong tsa yone United States, United Kingdom, Singapore le Soviet Union ya maloba . Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980, tshegetso ya UNESCO ya " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " le pegelo ya yone ya MacBride e e neng e ikuela gore bobegakgang bo nne jwa puso ya batho ka batho le phitlhelelo ya tshedimosetso ka tekatekano e ne ya ganetswa mo mafatsheng a jaaka maiteko a go thibela kgololesego ya bobegadikgang . UNESCO e ne e tsewa jaaka serala sa makomonisi le babusaesi ba Lefatshe la Boraro go tlhasela Bophirima, go farologana le ditatofatso tse di dirilweng ke USSR kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1940 le kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1950. Ka 1984, United States e ne ya emisa dithuso tsa yone tsa madi mme ya ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o go bontsha boipelaetso, mme ya latelwa ke United Kingdom ka 1985. <ref>{{Citation|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A4079804/AONE?u=tamp44898&sid=AONE&xid=ef6d5640|title=UNESCO asks states considering withdrawal to 'reconsider their position'|journal=[[UN Chronicle (journal)|UN Chronicle]]|date=January 1986|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> Singapore le yone e ne ya ikgogela morago kwa bokhutlong jwa 1985, e umaka gore dituediso tsa maloko di ne di tlhatloga. <ref>{{Citation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19841228&id=Y5srAAAAIBAJ&pg=5684,5359479|title=Singapore to withdraw from UNESCO|journal=[[The Telegraph (newspaper)|The Telegraph]]|date=28 December 1984|access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> Morago ga phetogo ya puso ka 1997, UK e ne ya tsenela gape. United States e ne ya tsenela gape ka 2003, mme ya latelwa ke Singapore ka Phalane a le malatsi a le boferalobedi 2007. <ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNESCO|title=UNESCO|journal=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=14 February 2018|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> === China === UNESCO e kgadilwe ka go dirisiwa ke Lefatshe la Batho la China go tlhagisa mofuta wa ditso ya Lekoko la Bokomonisi la China le go fokotsa ditshwaelo tsa merafepotlana kwa China jaaka Ba-Uyghur le Ba-Tibet . <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 September 2023|title=How China uses UNESCO to rewrite history|url=https://www.economist.com/china/2023/09/21/how-china-uses-unesco-to-rewrite-history|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kashgarian|first=Asim|date=16 February 2023|title=UNESCO Accused of Complicity in China's Treatment of Uyghur Heritage|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/unesco-accused-of-complicity-in-china-s-treatment-of-uyghur-heritage-/6966959.html|access-date=22 September 2023|website=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kachmar|first=Oleh|date=24 September 2020|title=Uyghur Heritage and the Charge of Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang|url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/rules-based-international-order/genocide/uyghur-heritage-and-the-charge-of-cultural-genocide-in-xinjiang/|access-date=22 September 2023|website=New Lines Institute|publisher=[[Fairfax University of America]]}}</ref> === Iseraele === Iseraele e ne ya amogelwa mo UNESCO ka 1949, ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga go tlholwa ga yone. Iseraele e ntse e le leloko la yone fa e sa le ka nako eo. Ka 2010, Iseraele e ne ya tlhoma Logaga lwa Bapatriareka kwa Hebrone le Lebitla la ga Ragele kwa Bethelehema – ka bobedi kwa West Bank – jaaka Mafelo a Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba mme ya itsise tiro ya go tsosolosa, mme seno sa dira gore puso ya ga Obama e tshwaiwe phoso le go dira ditshupetso go tswa kwa Bapalestina. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hebron clashes over Israel's West Bank heritage list|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538948.stm|date=26 February 2010|publisher=BBC News|access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2010, boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhopha go itsise mafelo ano jaaka "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Lebitla la Bapatriareka" le "Mosque wa ga Bilal bin Rabah/Lebitla la ga Rachel" mme ya bolela gore e ne e le "karolo e e botlhokwa ya kgatelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Iseraele le Palestina " molao . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/executive_board_adopts_five_decisions_concerning_unescos_work_in_the_occupied_palestinian_and_arab_territories/|title=Executive Board adopts five decisions concerning UNESCO's work in the occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories|date=21 October 2010|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> UNESCO e tlhalositse mafelo a jaaka a a botlhokwa mo "bathong ba dingwao tsa Mamoseleme, Bokeresete le Bajuta", mme ya latofatsa Iseraele ka go tlhagisa fela semelo sa Bajuta sa mafelo ano. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Two Palestinian sites of Al-Haram Al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Al-Khalil/Hebron and the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref> Iseraele le yone e ne ya latofatsa UNESCO ka go "kgaoganya Setšhaba sa Iseraele le boswa jwa yone", mme ya e latofatsa ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke sepolotiki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140377|title=UNESCO Erases Israeli Protests from Rachel's Tomb Protocol|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Arutz Sheva|last=Hillel Fendel|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> Rabi wa Lebota la Bophirima o ne a bolela gore lebitla la ga Ragele le ne le ise le itsisiwe pele gore ke lefelo le le boitshepo la Bamoseleme. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/140345|title=UN Org.: Rachel's Tomb is a Mosque|date=29 October 2010|publisher=Arutz Sheva|last=Maayana Miskin|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> Iseraele e ne ya emisa ka bontlhabongwe dikamano tsa yone le UNESCO. Motlatsatona wa Merero ya Dinaga di Sele wa Iseraele Danny Ayalon o boletse gore tshwetso e ne e le "karolo ya go oketsega ga Palestina". Zevulun Orlev, modulasetulo wa Komiti ya Thuto le Setso ya Knesset, o ne a bua ka ditshwetso tseno e le maiteko a go nyatsa thomo ya UNESCO jaaka mokgatlho wa maranyane le wa setso o o rotloetsang tirisanommogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=193893|title=Ayalon: Israel will no longer cooperate with UNESCO|date=3 November 2010|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Shalom|first=Rabbi|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=194090|title=Cooperation with UNESCO only partially suspended|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 November 2010|access-date=8 August 2011}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi 2011, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya UNESCO, ka ntlha ya go gatelelwa ke Jordan, e ne ya kgala . Tshwetso ya Iseraele ya go thuba le go aga sesha Borogo jwa Kgoro ya Mughrabi kwa Jerusalema ka ntlha ya mabaka a pabalesego. Israel e ne ya bolela gore Jordan e beile monwana tumalano le Israel e e neng e tlhalosa gore borogo jo bo leng teng bo tshwanetse go tlhatlhamololwa ka ntlha ya pabalesego; Jordan o ne a ganetsa tumalano eno, a bolela gore e ne ya bewa monwana fela ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya United States. Iseraele gape e ne ya palelwa ke go bua le komiti ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya dikganetso go tswa kwa [[Egypt|Egepeto]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4088221,00.html|title=UNESCO censures Israel over Mughrabi Bridge – Israel News, Ynetnews|journal=Ynetnews|date=20 June 1995|access-date=8 August 2011}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2014, malatsi pele ga e rulaganyediwa go bulwa, Mookamedi-mogolo wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, "o ne a busetsa morago ka bosakhutleng" mme a phimola ka katlego pontsho e e neng e tlhamilwe ke Senthara ya sa Simon Wiesenthal e e bidiwang "Batho, Buka, Lefatshe: Sekepe sa dingwaga di le 3 500 fa gare ga batho ba Iseraele . Tiragalo e e ne e rulaganyeditswe go simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a le mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mararo kwa Paris. Bokova o phimotse tiragalo eno morago ga gore baemedi ba dinaga tsa Maarabia kwa UNESCO ba nganga gore pontsho ya yone e tla " gobatsa thulaganyo ya kagiso " . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Berman|first=Lazar|title=UNESCO cancels event on Jewish ties to Land of Israel|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-cancels-event-on-jewish-ties-to-land-of-israel/|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> Mokwadi wa dipontsho tse, e leng motlhatlhelelladithuto a Robert Wistrich wa [[Vidal Sassoon International Centre for the Study of Anti-Semitism|Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba sa Thuto ya Boganetsi jwa Bajuda sa Vidal Sassoon]] sa Yunibesithi ya Sehebera, o ne a bitsa go phimolwa ga yone a re ke "tiro e e tshosang", mme a tlhalosa tshwetso ya ga Bokova e le "tiro e e sa tlhomamang ya go tlhoka maitseo gotlhelele le, tota, go nyatsa ditso tsa Bajuda". UNESCO e ne ya baakanya tshwetso ya go phimola pontsho eno mo lobakeng lwa ngwaga, mme ka bonako fela e ne ya tuma mme ya tsewa e le katlego e kgolo. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahren|first=Raphael|title=Author of UNESCO's nixed Israel exhibit decries 'appalling betrayal'|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/author-of-unescos-nixed-israel-exhibit-decries-appalling-betrayal|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=21 January 2014}}</ref> Ka Firikgong letsatsi la ntlha 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO semmuso go latela go ikgogela morago ga US ka ntlha ya go tsaya letlhakore mo go tswelelang kgatlhanong le Iseraele go ya ka bone. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahren|first=Raphael|title=69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=1 January 2019}}</ref> ==== Tharabololo ya Palesetina e e Gapilweng ====   Ka Phalane a le lesome le boraro 2016, UNESCO e ne ya fetisa tshwetso ka ga Jerusalema Botlhaba e e neng e kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya "ditlhaselo" tsa mapodise le masole a Iseraele le "dikgato tse di seng kafa molaong" kgatlhanong le kgololesego ya kobamelo le go fitlhelela ga Mamoseleme mafelo a bone a a boitshepo, fa gape e amogela Iseraele jaaka mmuso o o gapang lefatshe. Baeteledipele ba Palestina ba ne ba amogela tshwetso eno. <ref name="UNESCO adopts anti">{{Cite news|title=UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-adopts-anti-israel-resolution-al-aqsa-mosque-161018120610946.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa mokwalo o ne o amogela "botlhokwa jwa Motse wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema le mabota a one mo ditumelong tse tharo tsa Modimo a le mongwe", o ne o bua ka moago o o boitshepo wa setlhoa sa thaba mo Motseng wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema fela ka leina la one la Semoseleme "Al-Haram al-Sharif", Searabia se se kayang Noble Sanctuary. Fa e araba, Iseraele e ne ya kgala tshwetso ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya go tlogela mafoko a " Thaba ya Tempele " kgotsa " Har HaBayit ", e bolela gore e ganetsa dikamano tsa Bajuta le lefelo le le boitshepo le le botlhokwa . <ref name="UNESCO adopts anti" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002462/246215e.pdf|title=Commission report|website=UNESCO Digital Library|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Morago ga go kgalwa ke boradipolotiki le badipolomate ba le bantsi ba Iseraele, go akaretsa le Benjamin Netanyahu le Ayelet Shaked, Iseraele e ne ya kgaotsa dikamano tsotlhe le mokgatlho ono. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4866113,00.html|title=UNESCO fails to acknowledge Jewish ties to Temple Mount|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-leads-angry-denunciations-of-absurd-unesco-decision/|title=Netanyahu leads angry denunciations of 'absurd' UNESCO decision|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Tshwetso e ne ya kgalwa ke Ban Ki-moon le Mokaedi-Kakaretso wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, yo o neng a bolela gore Bojuda, Boiselamo le Bokeresete di na le dikgolagano tse di bonalang sentle tsa hisitori le Jerusalema le gore "go gana, go fitlha kgotsa go phimola epe ya dingwao tsa Bajuda, tsa Bokeresete kgotsa tsa Bamoseleme go nyatsa bothokgami jwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO chief 'received death threats' for opposing Jerusalem motion|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-chief-received-death-threats-for-opposing-jerusalem-motion/|date=17 October 2016|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> ] Moqsas " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/statement_by_the_director_general_of_unesco_on_the_old_city-1/#.WAQnmeUrLb3|title=Statement by the Director-General of UNESCO on the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls on the occasion of the 40th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO in Istanbul – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> ]. Al-Haram al-Sharif" gape ke Thaba ya Tempele, e Lebota la yone la Bophirima e leng lefelo le le boitshepo go gaisa mo Bojudeng." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.747466|title=UNESCO Director Criticizes Resolution: Temple Mount Sacred to Both Jews, Muslims|access-date=14 October 2016}}</ref> E ne gape ya ganwa ke Palamente ya Czech e e neng ya re tshwetso e bontsha "maikutlo a a tlhoileng a a kgatlhanong le Iseraele ", <ref name="timesofisrael.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/czech-mps-slam-hateful-unesco-jerusalem-resolution/|title=Czech MPs slam 'hateful' UNESCO Jerusalem resolution|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> mme makgolokgolo a Bajuta ba Italy ba ne ba dira ditshupetso kwa Roma ka ntlha ya go ikgapha ga Italy. <ref name="timesofisrael.com" /> Ka la bo 26 Diphalane, UNESCO e ne ya amogela mofuta o o sekasekilweng wa tshwetso, e gape e neng ya kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya go tswelela ga yone "go gana go letla baitseanape ba mokgatlho ono go tsena mo mafelong a a boitshepo a Jerusalema go bona maemo a one a tshomarelo". <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-approves-anti-israel-resolution-jerusalem-161026173149575.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa e ne e na le go nolofadiwa ga puo morago ga ditshupetso tsa Iseraele ka ntlha ya mofuta o o fetileng, Iseraele e ne ya tswelela go kgala mokwalo ono. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Unesco adopts controversial resolution on Jerusalem holy sites|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/unesco-adopts-controversial-resolution-on-jerusalem-holy-sites-israel|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Tshwetso e bua ka lefelo le Bajuta le Bakeresete ba le bitsang Thaba ya Tempele, kgotsa Har HaBayit ka Sehebera, fela ka leina la lone la Searabia – tshwetso e e botlhokwa ya bokao e gape e amogetsweng ke boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO, e e tsosang kgalemo go tswa go Iseraele le balekane ba yona. Moemedi wa Amerika Crystal Nix Hines o ne a bolela jaana: "Ntlha eno e ka bo e fentswe. Ditshwetso tseno tse di tsenngwang mo dipolotiking le tse di letlhakore le le lengwe di senya botshepegi jwa UNESCO." <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO resolution on Jerusalem holy sites draws criticism from U.S., Israel|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/unesco-resolution-holy-sites-un-1.3821919|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2017, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa itsise gore di tla ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o, di umaka gore bontlhabonngwe jwa yone bo ne bo le kgatlhanong le Iseraele. <ref name="stategov">{{Cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/10/274748.htm|title=The United States Withdraws From UNESCO|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. Will Withdraw From Unesco, Citing Its 'Anti-Israel Bias'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/us/politics/trump-unesco-withdrawal.html|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> === Palestina === ==== Kganetsano ya makasine wa basha wa Palesetina ==== Ka Tlhakole 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa athikele mo makasineng wa banana wa Palesetina e mo go yone mosetsana mongwe yo mmotlana a neng a tlhalosa mongwe wa batho ba le bane ba a neng a ba etsa sekao e le Adolf Hitler . Ka December 2011, UNESCO, e e neng e thusa makasine ono ka bontlhanngwe jwa madi, e ne ya kgala tshedimosetso eno mme morago ga moo ya emisa dithuso tsa yone. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8975423/Unesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praise.html|title=Unesco cuts funding for Palestinian youth magazine over Hitler praise|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=23 December 2011|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref> ==== Kganetsano ya Yunibesithi ya Boiselamo ya Gaza ==== Ka 2012, UNESCO e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore e tlhome setulo kwa Yunibesithing ya Boiselamo ya Gaza mo lephateng la bolepadinaledi, fisikisi ya dinaledi, le saense ya lefaufau, <ref name="UNESCOIslamicUniversity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/arab-states/palestine/unesco-chair-in-astronomy-astrophysics-and-space-sciences-964/|title=UNESCO Chair in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (964), established in 2012 at The Islamic University of Gaza (Palestine).|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> mme se sa baka dikganetsano le go tshwayatshwaya diphoso. Israel e ne ya boma sekolo seno ka 2008 e bolela gore ba dira dibetsa le go di boloka koo, e leng se Israel e neng ya se bua gape fa e ne e kgala kgato ya UNESCO. Tlhogo, Kamalain Shaath, o ne a femela UNESCO, a bolela gore "Yunibesiti ya Boiselamo ke yunibesiti ya thuto fela e e kgatlhegelang thuto le tlhabololo ya yone fela". <ref name="NationalPostUNESCO">{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/12/unesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground/|title=UNESCO establishes chair at Gaza university accused of housing Hamas bomb labs}}</ref> <ref name="ShalitGazaIslamicUniversity">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3361595,00.html|title=Fatah: Shalit was held at Gaza Islamic University|publisher=Yedioth Ahronot}}</ref> <ref name="BostonIUGProfile">{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/28/hamas_u/|title=Hamas University}}</ref> Moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UNESCO Nimrod Barkan o ne a rulagantse go romela lekwalo la boipelaetso le le nang le tshedimosetso ka ga dikamano tsa yunibesithi le Hamas, segolobogolo a galefile ka gore eno e ne e le yunibesithi ya ntlha ya Palesetina e UNESCO e neng ya tlhopha go dirisana le yone. Ga a ise a ko a neele bosupi bope jo bo tshegetsang polelo ya gagwe ya gore o na le kamano le Hamas. <ref name="HaaretzUNESCOGaza">{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524|title=Israel furious at UNESCO decision to back science chair at Islamic University of Gaza}}</ref> Mokgatlho wa Bajuda wa B’nai B’rith le one o ne wa kgala kgato e. <ref name="BnaiBrithUNESCO">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/bnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university/|title=B'nai Brith slams UNESCO affiliation with Gaza University}}</ref> === Go tsenya lenaneo la ditokomane tsa Polao ya Nanjing === Ka 2015, Japane e ne ya tshosetsa go emisa go thusa UNESCO ka madi ka ntlha ya tshwetso ya mokgatlho o ya go akaretsa ditokomane tse di amanang le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Nanjing ka 1937 mo lenaaneng la bosheng la thulaganyo ya yone ya "Memory of the World". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/japan-furious-at-unesco-listing-nanjing-massacre-documents/a-18790477|title=Japan furious at UNESCO listing Nanjing Massacre documents – Asia – DW.COM – 19.10.2015|first=Deutsche Welle|last=(www.dw.com)|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref> Ka Piphala e 2016, Tona ya Merero ymafatshe adi Sele ya Japane Fumio Kishida o ne a tlhomamisa gore matlole a ngwaga le ngwaga a Japane a 2016 a ne a le ¥4.4.&nbsp;dibilione di ne di emisitswe, le fa gone a ne a ganela gore go na le kamano epe e e tlhamaletseng le kganetsano ya tokomane ya Nanjing. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan halts Unesco funding following Nanjing massacre row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/14/japan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> === United states le UNESCO === United States e ne ya ikgogela morago mo UNESCO ka 1984, e umaka gore mokgatlho o o ne o " tseneletse thata mo dipolotiking ", " bobaba jwa one jo bo bonalang mo makalaneng a motheo tsa [[Free society|setšhaba se se gololesegileng]], segolobogolo mmaraka o o gololesegileng le bobegadikgang jo bo gololesegileng ", mmogo le " katoloso ya one e e sa thibelweng ya tekanyetso tiriso ka fa tlase ga botsamaisi jo bo bokoa jwa Mokaedi AmadoG M'Bow wa Senegal. <ref name="withdrawal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30985.html|title=UNESCO Membership: Issues for Congress|date=20 November 2003|publisher=[[Congressional Research Service reports]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Ka Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe 1989, Mopalamente wa Lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao wa United States e bong Jim Leach o ne a bolela jaana fa pele ga komitipotlana ya lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao: <ref name="cspan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?9189-1/united-states-unesco-part-1|title=United States & UNESCO, Part 1|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]|website=Starting from 05:08|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>   === Kgotlhang ya Ba-Kurd le Ba-Turkey === Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano 2016, mmoki wa Turkey le molweladitshwanelo tsa batho Zülfü Livaneli o ne a rola tiro ya gagwe jaaka moemedi a le esi wa [[Turkey]] wa UNESCO yo o thusang batho. O ne a gatelela boemo jwa ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa Turkey le go senngwa ga kgaolo ya ditso ya Sur ya Diyarbakir, toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Turkey jo bontsi jwa Ba-Kurdish bo nnang mo go jone, ka nako ya ntwa fa gare ga sesole sa Turkey le dirukutlhi tsa Ba-Kurdish e le mabaka a magolo a go bo a ne a rola tiro. Livaneli o ne a re: "Go bua ka kagiso fa o ntse o didimetse kgatlhanong le ditlolomolao tse di ntseng jalo ke go thulana le dikeletso tsa motheo tsa UNESCO." === Matsholo kgatlhanong le kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya botaki === Ka 2020 UNESCO e ne ya bolela gore bogolo jwa kgwebisano e e seng kafa molaong ya dithoto tsa setso bo ne bo fitlha go &nbsp;didolara di le dibilione di lesome ka ngwaga. Pegelo ya ngwaga oo ke [[Rand Organization|Mokgatlho wa Rand]] e tshitshintse gore mmaraka wa nnete "ga o ka ke wa nna mogolo go feta didolara di le dikete di le makgolo a le mmalwa ngwaga le ngwaga". Moitseanape yo o umakilweng ke UNESCO e le yo o amanyang 10&nbsp;palo ya dibilione o ne a e ganela, a re ga a na "kakanyo" ya gore palo eo e tswa kae. Barekisi ba botaki ba ne ba nyatsa palo ya UNESCO thata ka gonne e ne e le 15% ya mmaraka otlhe wa botaki wa lefatshe. Ka Ngwanatsele 2020, karolo ya letsholo la papatso la UNESCO le boikaelelo jwa lone e neng e le go tlhagisa kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba ya dilo tsa botaki tse di thubilweng e ne ya tshwanelwa ke go gogelwa morago morago ga gore e tlhagise ka maaka motseletsele wa ditiro tsa botaki tse di neng di tshwerwe kwa lefelong la dits tse di nang le ditso tse di itsiweng jaaka dilo tse di sa tswang go thubiwa tse di neng di tshwerwe mo dikokoanyong tsa poraefete. Dipapatso di ne di bolela gore tlhogo ya ga Buda e e neng e le mo kokoanyong ya Musiamo wa Metropolitan fa e sa le ka 1930 e ne e thubilwe kwa Musiamong wa Kabul ka 2001 mme morago ga moo ya tsenngwa ka bokhukhuntshwane kwa mmarakeng wa botaki wa United States, gore sefikantswe sa phitlho se se tswang kwa Palmyra se Met e neng e se bone ka 1901 se ne sa thubiwa ke Palmy the Islamic State bosheng jaana. e ne ya tsenngwa ka bokukuntshwane mo mmarakeng wa dilo tsa bogologolo tsa Yuropa, le gore maseke wa Ivory Coast o o nang le lefelo le le supang gore o ne o le kwa United States ka 1954 o ne wa thubelwa ka nako ya dintwa tse di tlhometseng ka 2010–2011. Morago ga dingongorego tsa Met, dipapatso di ne tsa gogelwa morago. == Dithoto le ditirelo == * UNESDOC Database <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/resources/publications/unesdoc-database/|title=UNESDOC Database – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=unesco.org|access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> – E na le ditokomane tsa UNESCO di feta dikete di le lekgolo le masome a le mane le borataro ka mokwalo o o feletseng tse di gatisitsweng fa e sale ka 1945 mmogo le metadata go tswa mo dikokoanyong tsa Motlobo wa UNESCO le mafelo a ditokomane mo diofising tsa tshimo le mo ditheong === Didiriswa tsa go dira tshedimosetso === UNESCO e tlhama, e tlhokomela, le go anamisa, mahala, diphuthelwana tse pedi tsa dirweboleta tse di amanang tsa taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso (CDS/ISIS [e se ke ya tlhakatlhakanngwa le sephuthelwana sa dirweboleta tsa mapodisi a UK ISIS]) le tshekatsheko ya meepo ya tshedimosetso/dipalopalo (IDAMS). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1542&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=Information Processing Tools|publisher=Unesco}}</ref> * CDS/ISIS – thulaganyo ya polokelo le go busetsa tshedimosetso e e akaretsang. Mofuta wa Windows o ka nna wa dira mo khomphuteng e le nngwe kgotsa mo netewekeng ya lefelo la selegae. Dikarolo tsa tlelaente/sefara ya JavaISIS di letla taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso e e kgakala ka Inthanete mme di teng mo Windows, Linux, le Macintosh. Mo godimo ga moo, GenISIS e letla badirisi go tlhagisa diforomo tsa Webo tsa HTML tsa go batla mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya CDS/ISIS. ISIS_DLL e fana ka API ya ho ntshetsa pele dikopo tse thehilweng ho CDS/ISIS. * OpenIDAMS – sephuthelwana sa sofotewere sa go dira le go sekaseka tshedimosetso ya dipalo e e tlhamilweng, e e tlhokometsweng le go anamisiwa ke UNESCO. Sephuthelwana sa ntlha e ne e le sa mong, fela UNESCO e simolotse porojeke ya go se tlamela jaaka motswedi o o bulegileng. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15653&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=OpenIDAMS|publisher=Unesco}}</ref> * IDIS – sedirisiwa sa kananyo ya tshedimosetso ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga CDS/ISIS le IDAMS == Bona gape == * Neteweke ya tsamaiso ya akatemi * Metlobo ya Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba * Manaane a Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng a UNESCO * ''Setshwantsho se se Repameng sa UNESCO sa 1957–58'', se se betlilweng ke Henry Moore * Uniref * Tšhata ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele, go Itshidila mmele le Metshameko [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Malatsi a boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO == Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Date !Name |- |14 January |World Logic Day |- |24 January |World Day for African and [[Batswakwa ba Aferika|Afrodescendant]] Culture<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/world-day|access-date=16 March 2023|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |- |24 January |International Day of Education |- |25 January |[[International Day of Women in Multilateralism]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Women in Multilateralism|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/women-multilateralism|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |27 January |International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust |- |11 February |International Day of Women and Girls in Science |- |13 February |World Radio Day |- |21 February |[[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la loleme lwa ga Mmè|International Mother Language Day]] |- |4 March |UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development |- |8 March |International Women's Day |- |14 March |International Day of Mathematics |- |20 March |International Francophonie Day |- |21 March |International Day of Nowruz |- |21 March |World Poetry Day |- |21 March |[[Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la go emisiwa ga tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala|International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] |- |22 March |World Water Day |- |5 April |International Day of Conscience |- |6 April |International Day of Sport for Development and Peace |- |15 April |World Art Day |- |23 April |World Book and Copyright Day |- |30 April |International Jazz Day |- |3 May |World Press Freedom Day |- |5 May |African World Heritage Day |- |5 May |World Portuguese Language Day |- |16 May |International Day of Light |- |21 May |World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development |- |22 May |International Day for Biological Diversity |- |5 June |World Environment Day |- |8 June |World Oceans Day |- |17 June |World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |- |7 July |Kiswahili Language Day |- |18 July |Nelson Mandela International Day |- |26 July |International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem |- |9 August |International Day of the World's Indigenous People |- |12 August |International Youth Day |- |23 August |International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition |- |8 September |International Literacy Day |- |9 September |International Day to Protect Education from Attack |- |15 September |International Day of Democracy |- |20 September |International Day for University Sport |- |21 September |International Day of Peace |- |28 September |International Day for the Universal Access to Information |- |5 October |World Teachers' Day |- |6 October |International Geodiversity Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.geodiversityday.org/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=Geodiversity Day}}</ref> |- |11 October |International Day of the Girl Child |- |13 October |International Day for Disaster Reduction |- |17 October |International Day for the Eradication of Poverty |- |24 October |United Nations Day |- |27 October |World Day for Audiovisual Heritage |- |2 November |International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/day/endimpunity|title=International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists|website=UNESCO|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> |- |3 November |International Day for Biosphere Reserves<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day for Biosphere Reserves|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/biosphere-reserves?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928|access-date=20 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |First Thursday of November |International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying<ref>{{Cite web|title=International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |5 November |World Day of Romani Language |- |5 November |World Tsunami Awareness Day |- |10 November |World Science Day for Peace and Development |- |14 November |International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |Third Thursday of November |World Philosophy Day |- |16 November |International Day for Tolerance |- |18 November |International International Day of Islamic Art<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Islamic Art|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-day-islamic-art?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |25 November |International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women |- |26 November |World Olive Tree Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day of the Olive Tree|url=https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=International Olive Council|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330112831/https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |29 November |International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People |- |1 December |World AIDS Day |- |2 December |World Futures Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Futures Day|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/world-futures?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005a8944393e54498a6a76c337f206b93f3df96e7230f9cb8d5bfbd1f7d90c5ceb087a862064143000d48518290f2d33eede6cfbd08f9ea8d7ca374e7b1f573d2a3e2d1f9ce27cc48a4f9e190123c7bd6714dba119bd6b04b0|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |3 December |International Day of Persons with Disabilities |- |10 December |Human Rights Day |- |18 December |International Migrants Day |- |18 December |World Arabic Language Day |} q53tdqxvuhe72070c3oxp9sm8kundx5 0 10598 49822 40404 2026-05-08T11:22:00Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tumalano ya 1926 ya Bokgoba''' kana '''Tumalano ya go fedisa Kgwebisano ka Makgoba le Bokgoba''' ke tumalano ya boditshabatshaba e e dirilweng ka fa tlase ga taolo ya League of Nations mme ya saenwa lantlha ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano 1926. E ne ya kwadisiwa mo ''League of Nations Treaty Series'' ka Mopitlwe a ferabongwe 1927, ka lone letsatsi leo e ne ya tsena mo tirisong.<ref>[https://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/UNTS/LON/Volume%2060/v60.pdf ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 60], pp. 254–270. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Maikaelelo a Tumalano ke go tlhomamisa le go tsweledisa kgatelelo ya bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba mme e ne ya atolosiwa ka 1956 ka Tumalano ya Tlaleletso ka ga Phediso ya Bokgoba, ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Lefatshe la Ditshaba. == Tshimologo == Mo Molaong wa Bokopano jwa Brussels wa 1890, ba ba saenneng "ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba tlhotlhelediwa ka go lekana ke maikaelelo a a tiileng a go fedisa kgwebisano ya makgoba a Aforika". E ne ya tlalelediwa le go tlhabololwa ke Tumalano ya Saint-Germain-en-Laye, e e saennweng ke Mebuso e e Kopaneng ya Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Lefatshe ka Lwetse a le lesome 1919,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170701010136/http://www.worldlii.org/int/other/LNTSer/1922/19.html United States of America – Convention revising the General Act of Berlin, 26 February 1885, and of the General Act and the Declaration of Brussels, 2 July 1890, signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 10 September 1919 (1922) LNTSer 19; 8 LNTS 27]. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> mo go yone ba ba saenneng ba neng ba itlama go "leka go netefatsa kgatelelo e e feletseng ya bokgoba ka mefute yotlhe ya jone le ya kgwebo ya makgoba ka lefatshe le ka lewatle"(Molawana wa bolesome le motso). Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Lewatle le Lehibidu le bokgoba kwa Arabian Peninsula, segolobogolo kgwebo ya makgoba kwa Hejaz, di ne tsa tsisa kgatlhego ya Kopano ya Ditshaba mme tsa nna le seabe mo go tlhamiweng ga Tumalano ya Bokgoba ya 1926, e e neng e pateletsa MaBorithane go lwantsha kgwebo ya makgoba mo kgaolong eo.<ref>Suzanne Miers: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zZk9Y-HTQzcC&q=1926+Slavery+Convention Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem].'' E nopotswe Seetebosigo a ferabongwe ka 2025.</ref> Bokopano jwa Bokgoba jwa Nakwana (TSC) e ne ya tlhomiwa ke Lekgotla la Kopano ya Ditshaba ka Seetebosigo 1924. Bokopano jo bo ne bo tlhakatlhakane go akaretsa baeteledipele ba maloba ba bokolone jaaka Frederick Lugard, gammogo le moemedi go tswa kwa Haiti, le moemedi go tswa kwa International Labour Organization. TSC e ne ya tsenya pego ya yona ka 1925 ka kopo ya go thibela go tlhomiwa ga bokgoba jwa dikgomo le kgwebo ya makgoba,<ref>Miers, S. (2003). ''Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem''. US: AltaMira Press. 120–121</ref> se se neng sa felela ka Tumalano ya Bokgoba ya 1926. Ka 1932 Komiti ya Baitseanape ka ga Bokgoba e ne ya tlhomiwa go batlisisa bokgoni jwa Tumalano ya Bokgoba ya 1926,<ref>Miers, S. (2003). ''Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem''. US: AltaMira Press. 197–215</ref> mme seo se ne sa felela ka go tlhomiwa ga Komiti ya Kgakololo ya sennelaruri ya Baitseanape ka ga Bokgoba.<ref>Miers, S. (2003). ''Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem''. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 216</ref> == Botlhokwa == Tumalano e ne ya tlhoma melao le melawana e e bonalang go tsweledisa kgatelelo ya bokgoba le kgwebo ya makgoba. Bokgoba bo tlhalosiwa mo Molawaneng wa ntlha jaaka<blockquote>maemo kgotsa seemo sa motho yo mongwe kgotsa dithata tsotlhe tse di amanang le tshwanelo ya go nna mong di dirisiwang mo go ene</blockquote>Kgwebo ya makgoba e ne e tlhalosiwa e le go akaretsa<blockquote>ditiro tsotlhe tse di amegang mo go tshwarweng, go tseyeng kgotsa go latlha motho ka maikaelelo a go mo tsenya mo bokgobeng; ditiro tsotlhe tse di amanang le go reka motlhanka ka maikaelelo a go mo rekisa kgotsa go mo rekisa; Ditiro tsotlhe tsa go latlha ka thekiso kgotsa fapaanya ya motlhanka yo o fitlhetsweng ka maikaelelo a go rekisiwa kgotsa go fetolwa, mme ka kakaretso, tiro nngwe le nngwe ya kgwebo kgotsa dipalangwa tsa makgoba.</blockquote> == Dikarolo tse ditlhophilweng == <blockquote> ==== Molawana wa bobedi ==== Makoko a ne a dumalana go thibela le go gatelela kgwebo ya makgoba le go fedisa bokgoba gotlhelele ka mefuta yotlhe ya jone. ==== Molawana wa borataro ==== Makoko a ne a itlama go tlhagisa dikotlhao tse di masisi tsa kgwebo ya makgoba, go tshwara makgoba, le go dira makgoba.</blockquote> == Batsayakarolo == Go tloga ka 2013, go na le mafatshe le masome a ferabongwe le boferabongwe a a saenneng ditumalano, a a amogetseng, a a atlegileng, kgotsa a mangwe a a itlamile go nna le seabe mo ditumalanong jaaka di tlhabolotswe, le dithulaganyo tsa yone tse di latelang. Mafatshe le ngwaga wa maitlamo a one a ntlha a go tsaya karolo ke tse di latelang: ''Afghanistan (1954), Albania (1957), Algeria (1963), Australia (1953), Austria (1954), Azerbaijan (1996), Bahamas (1976), Bahrain (1990), Bangladesh (1985), Barbados (1976), Belarus (1956, as the Byelorussian SSR), Belgium (1962), Bolivia (1983), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1993), Brazil (1966), Cameroon (1984), Canada (1953), Chile (1995), China (1955), Croatia (1992), Cuba (1954), Cyprus (1986), Denmark (1954), Dominica (1994), Ecuador (1955), Egypt (1954), Ethiopia (1969), Fiji (1972), Finland (1954), France (1963), Germany (1973), Greece (1955), Guatemala (1983), Guinea (1963), Hungary (1958), India (1954), Iraq (1955), Ireland (1961), Israel (1955), Italy (1954), Jamaica (1964), Jordan (1959), Kazakhstan (2008), Kuwait (1963), Kyrgyzstan (1997), Lesotho (1974), Liberia (1953), Libya (1957), Madagascar (1964), Malawi (1965), Mali (1973), Malta (1966), Mauritania (1986), Mauritius (1969), Mexico (1954), Monaco (1954), Mongolia (1968), Montenegro (2006), Morocco (1959), Myanmar (1957), Nepal (1963), Netherlands (1955), New Zealand (1953), Nicaragua (1986), Niger (1964), Nigeria (1961), Norway (1957), Pakistan (1955), Paraguay (2007), Papua New Guinea (1982), Philippines (1955), Romania (1957), Russia (1956) (as the Soviet Union), St Lucia (1990), St Vincent and the Grenadines (1981), Saudi Arabia (1973), Serbia (2001, as Serbia and Montenegro), Sierra Leone (1962), Solomon Islands (1981), South Africa (1953), Spain (1927), Sri Lanka (1958), Sudan (1957), Sweden (1954), Switzerland (1953), Syria (1954), Tanzania (1962), Trinidad and Tobago (1966), Tunisia (1966), Turkey (1955), Turkmenistan (1997), Uganda (1964), Ukraine (1959, jaaka SSR ya Ukraine), United Kingdom (1953), United States (1956), Uruguay (2001), Viet Nam (1956), Yemen (1987), Zambia (1973)'' == Metswedi == o6px6kaxepn8gptrd4qslyoxrphdt0g 0 10733 49810 42164 2026-05-08T00:49:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Ethnic group|image=British West Indies Regiment Q 001202.jpg|image_caption=Afro-Caribbean soldiers of the West Indies Regiment Q 1916.|population='''{{circa|23.6 million}}''' (2025 est.)<ref>{{cite web |last=Zong |first=Jie |title=Caribbean Immigrants in the United States |url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/caribbean-immigrants-united-states |website=Migration Policy Institute |date=11 May 2017 |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region1={{Flagcountry|Haiti}}|pop1=8.9 million<ref>{{cite web |title=Haiti - Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/haiti-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region2={{Flagcountry|USA}}|pop2=2.88 million<ref>{{cite web |last=Anderson |first=Monica |title=Key findings about Black immigrants in the U.S. |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2018/01/24/key-findings-about-black-immigrants-in-the-u-s/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=24 January 2018 |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region3={{Flagcountry|JAM}}|pop3=2 million<ref>{{cite web |title=Jamaica Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/jamaica-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region4={{Flagcountry|DR}}|pop4=2.0 million<ref>[https://archive.today/20200212212204/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table Results ] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212212204/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|date=12 February 2020}} American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau)</ref>|region5={{Flagcountry|France}}|pop5=1.2 million<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4265419?sommaire=4265511 |title = Populations légales 2017 des départements et collectivités d'outre-mer |author = [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] |access-date=2021-01-29 |language=fr }}</ref>|region6={{Flagcountry|Cuba}}|pop6=1.03 million<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/multimedia/news/afrolatin/part4/index.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.miamiherald.com |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821113550/http://www.miamiherald.com/multimedia/news/afrolatin/part4/index.html |archive-date=21 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|region7={{Flagcountry|UK}}|pop7=1.0 million<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181226065719/https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls%20 2011 Census] UK Government Web Archive</ref>|region8={{Flagcountry|TRI}}|pop8=517,000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|title=Trinidad and Tobago 2011 population and housing census demographic report|page=94|publisher=Central Statistical Office|date=30 November 2012|access-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019211618/https://guardian.co.tt/sites/default/files/story/2011_DemographicReport.pdf|archive-date=19 October 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>|region9={{flag|Canada}}|pop9=383,533<ref>{{cite web |title=Visible Minority and Population Group by Generation Status: Canada |url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810032001 |website=Statistics Canada |publisher=Government of Canada |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region10={{flag|Bahamas}}|region11={{Flagcountry|Puerto Rico}}|region12={{Flagcountry|Martinique}}|pop10=372,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahamas Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bahamas-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|pop11=372,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Bahamas Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bahamas-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|pop12=273,985<ref>{{cite web |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/martinique |title=Martinique Population 2024 (Live) |website=worldpopulationreview.com |access-date=8 October 2024}}</ref>|region13={{Flagcountry|BAR}}|pop13=253,771<ref>{{cite web |title=Barbados Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/barbados-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region14={{Flagcountry|Guyana}}|pop14=225,860<ref>{{cite web |title=Guyana Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/guyana-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region15={{Flagcountry|Suriname}}|pop15=202,500<ref>{{cite web |title=Suriname Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/suriname-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region16={{Flagcountry|Saint Lucia}}|pop16=173,765<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Lucia Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/saint-lucia-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region17={{Flagcountry|Curaçao}}|pop17=148,000<ref>{{cite web |title=Curaçao Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/curacao-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region18={{Flagcountry|Grenada}}|pop18=101,309<ref>{{cite web |title=Grenada Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/grenada-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region19={{Flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}|pop19=98,693<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.vc/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=jSipdTnsXwM%3D&tabid=60 |title=Archived copy |website=www.stats.gov.vc |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911195540/http://www.stats.gov.vc/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=jSipdTnsXwM%3D&tabid=60 |archive-date=11 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>|region20={{Flagcountry|Belize}}|pop20=93,394<ref>{{cite web |title=Belize Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/belize-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region21={{Flagcountry|Antigua and Barbuda}}|pop21=82,041<ref>{{cite web |title=Antigua and Barbuda Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/antigua-and-barbuda-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region22={{Flagcountry|U.S. Virgin Islands}}|pop22=80,868<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Virgin Islands Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/us-virgin-islands-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region23={{Flagcountry|Dominica}}|pop23=72,660<ref>{{cite web |title=Dominica Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/dominica-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region24={{Flagcountry|Honduras}}|pop24=51,000 (approx) in [[Bay Islands Department]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Honduras Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/honduras-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region25={{Flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}|pop25=38,827<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Kitts and Nevis Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/saint-kitts-and-nevis-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region26={{Flagcountry|Cayman Islands}}|pop26=18,837<ref>{{cite web |title=Cayman Islands Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/cayman-islands-population/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=18 May 2025}}</ref>|region27={{Flagcountry|Aruba}}|pop27=15,000 (approx) <ref>{{cite web |title=Aruba Population 2024 |url=https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/aruba-demographics/ |website=Worldometer |access-date=27 June 2025}}</ref>|languages={{flatlist|'''[[English language|English]]'''<br />''[[Caribbean English]]''<br />[[Bahamian English|Bahamian]], [[Barbadian English|Barbadian]], [[Bay Islands English|Bay Islands]], [[Bermudian English|Bermudian]], [[Belizean English|Belizean]], [[Cayman Islands English|Cayman Islands]], [[Jamaican English|Jamaican Standard]], [[Puerto Rican English|Puerto Rican]], [[Samaná English|Samaná]], [[Trinidadian and Tobagonian English|Trinidadian and Tobagonian]]<br />''[[English Creole]]''<br />[[Antiguan and Barbudan Creole|Antiguan and Barbudan]], [[Bahamian Creole|Bahamian]], [[Bajan Creole|Bajan]], [[Belizean Creole|Belizean]], [[Bocas del Toro Creole|Bocas del Toro]], [[Garifuna language|Garifuna]], [[Guyanese Creole|Guyanese]], [[Grenadian Creole English|Grenadian]], [[Jamaican Patois|Jamaican]], [[Limonese Creole|Limonese]], [[Miskito Coast Creole|Miskito Coast]], [[Montserrat Creole|Montserrat]], [[Rama Cay Creole|Rama Cay]], [[Saint Kitts Creole|Saint Kitts]], [[San Andrés–Providencia Creole|San Andrés–Providencia]], [[Sranan Tongo]], [[Tobagonian Creole|Tobagonian]], [[Trinidadian Creole|Trinidadian]], [[Turks and Caicos Creole|Turks and Caicos]], [[Vincentian Creole|Vincentian]], [[Virgin Islands Creole|Virgin Islands]]<br />'''[[French language|French]]'''<br />''[[French-based creole languages|French Creole]]''<br />[[Antillean Creole French|Antillean]], [[Dominican Creole French|Dominican]], [[Grenadian Creole French|Grenadian]], [[Guadeloupean Creole|Guadeloupean]], [[Haitian Creole|Haitian]], [[Antillean Creole French|Martinican]], [[Saint Lucian Creole|Saint Lucian]], [[Saint Lucian Creole|San Miguel]], [[Antillean Creole#Trinidadian|Trinidadian]]<br />'''[[Spanish language|Spanish]]'''<br />[[Caribbean Spanish]]<br />'''[[Papiamento]]''' }}|religions='''Majority''': {{flatlist| * [[File:Christian cross.svg|11px|baseline]] [[Christianity]] }} '''Minority''': {{flatlist| * [[File:Lion of Judah emblem of the Ethiopian Empire.svg|22px|baseline]] [[Rastafari]] • [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|17px|baseline|link=Islam]] [[Islam]] • [[File:Star of David.svg|15px|baseline|link=Judaism]] [[Judaism]] • [[File:Isese religion.png|30px|baseline]] [[Trinidad Orisha|Orisha]] [[File:Ankh (SVG) 01.svg|10px|baseline|link=Traditional African religions]] [[Traditional African religions]] [[File:VeveAyizan.svg|24px|baseline|link=Haitian Vodou]] [[Haitian Vodou]] • [[File:Illustration at page 212, Folk-lore, volume 1, 1890.png|16px|baseline]] [[Obeah]] • [[File:VeveOgoun.svg|24px|baseline|link=Santería]] [[Santería]] }}|related_groups=[[Afro-Haitians]], [[Afro-Jamaicans]], [[Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians]], [[Afro-Barbadians]], [[Afro-Saint Lucians]], [[Afro-Grenadians]], [[Afro-Dominicans (Dominica)]], [[Afro-Antiguans and Barbudans]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis|Afro-Saint Kitts and Nevisian]], [[Afro-Bahamians]], [[Afro-Cubans]], [[Afro-Puerto Ricans]], [[Afro-Dominicans (Dominican Republic)]] [[African Americans]] [[West Africa|West Africans]], [[Central Africa|Central Africans]], [[Yoruba people]], [[Igbo people]], [[Akan people]], [[Kongo people]], [[Mandinka people]], [[Ewe people]], [[Fula people]], [[Wolof people]]}} '''Afro-Caribbean''' kgotsa '''Batho ba letso la Aforika ba Caribbean''' ke batho ba Caribbean ba ba latedisang bagologolwane ba bone ka botlalo kgotsa ka bontlhabongwe kwa Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara. Bontsi jwa batho ba segompieno ba Afro-Caribbean ba tswa mo Maaforikeng (bogolo jang go tswa kwa Afrika Bophirima le Bogare) ba ba tserweng jaaka makgoba go isiwa kwa Caribbean ya bokolone ka [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]] magareng ga lekgolo la dingwaga la bo lesome le botlhano le la bolesome le boferabongwe go ya go bereka thata mo masimong a a farologaneng a sukiri le mo malapeng a selegae. Maina a mangwe a setlhopha sa morafe a akaretsa '''Bantsho ba Caribbean''', '''Afro-''' kgotsa '''Bantsho ba Bophirima jwa India''', kgotsa '''Afro-''' kgotsa '''Bantsho ba Antillean'''. Lereo '''West Indian Creole''' le lone le dirisitswe go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean,<ref>Cassidy, Frederic Gomes, ed. (2009). ''Dictionary of Jamaican English'' (2. ed., digitally printed version ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-521-11840-8.</ref> mmogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa merafe le merafe mo kgaolong, le fa go sa ntse go na le kganetsano ka ga tiriso ya lone go kaya batho ba Afro-Caribbean ka tlhamalalo. Lereo Afro-Caribbean ga le a tlhamiwa ke batho ba Caribbean ka bobone mme le ne la dirisiwa la ntlha ke Maamerika a Yuropa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960.<ref>Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Congress House (1970). [https://books.google.com/books?id=yj8gAAAAMAAJ&q=Afro-+Caribbean "Hearings"]. pp. 64–69.</ref> Batho ba letso la Afro-Caribbean gompieno bontsi jwa bone ke ba letso lwa Aforika Bophirima le Aforika Bogare, mme mo godimo ga moo ba ka nna ba ditso tse dingwe, go akaretsa le lotso lwa Yuropa, China, Asia Borwa le Amerindian, ka gonne go nnile le manyalo a mantsi le dikopano mo gare ga batho ba Caribbean mo makgolong a dingwaga. Le fa bontsi jwa batho ba Afro-Caribbean gompieno ba tswelela go nna mo merafeng le mafelong a Caribbean a a buang Seesemane, Sefora le Spanish, gape go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe go ralala lefatshe la Bophirima, segolobogolo kwa United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Fora le Netherlands. Batho ba Caribbean ke ba tumelo ya Bokeresete thata, le fa bangwe ba dirisa ditumelo tse di tswang mo Aforika kgotsa tse di kopantsweng, jaaka Santeria, Vodou le Winti. Ba le bantsi ba bua dipuo tsa Creole, Creole ya Haiti, Patois ya Jamaica, Sranantongo, Creole ya Saint Lucian, Creole ya Martinica kgotsa Papiamento. Mmogo, baagi ba kwa gae le ba diaspora ba tlhagisitse palo ya batho ba ba nnileng le tlhotlheletso e e bonalang mo merafeng ya segompieno ya Aforika, Caribbean le Bophirima; ba akaretsa balwela-dipolotiki jaaka Marcus Garvey le C. L. R. James; bakwadi le borutegi Aimé Césaire le Frantz Fanon; Moeteledipele wa sesole sa United States le moeteledipele wa puso e bong Colin Powell; batabogi jaaka Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan le David Ortiz; le diopedi Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj, Wyclef Jean, Rihanna, Vybz Kartel le modiragatsi le seopedi Jacob Anderson. == Ditso == === Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le borataro–lesome le boferabobedi === Ka nako ya morago ga ga Columbus, ditlhopha tsa ditlhaketlhake le ditlhaketlhake tsa Caribbean e ne e le mafelo a ntlha a batho ba Afrika ba ba neng ba nna kwa dinageng tse dingwe ba neng ba gasame kwa bophirima jwa Atlantic. Ka 1492, go ne ga kwalwa gore Pedro Alonso Niño, yo e neng e le motsamai wa lewatle wa Moafrika le Mo-Spain, e ne e le ene a neng a kgweetsa sengwe sa dikepe tsa ga Columbus. O ne a boa ka 1499, mme a se ka a nna teng. Mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bolesome le borataro la dingwaga, Maaforika a mantsi a ne a simolola go tsena mo bathong ba dikoloni tsa Spain tsa Caribbean, ka dinako tse dingwe ba goroga e le banna ba ba gololesegileng ba letso le le tlhakaneng kgotsa e le batlhanka ba ba neng ba dirilwe ka ditumalano, mme ba oketsega e le badiri le batlhanka ba ba dirilweng makgoba. Go batlega moo mo go ntseng go oketsega ga badiri ba Baaforika kwa Caribbean go ne go bakilwe ke go fokotsega ga batho ba le bantsi ba Ba-Taíno le batho ba bangwe ba tlhago e e bakilweng ke malwetse a masha a a tshelanwang, maemo a a botlhoko le ntwa tse di neng tsa tlisiwa ke batswakwa ba Yuropa. Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bolesome le borataro la dingwaga, [[Kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic|kgwebo ya makgoba]] go tswa kwa Aforika Bophirima go ya kwa Caribbean e ne e dira dipoelo tse dintsi mo e leng gore Francis Drake le John Hawkins ba ne ba ipaakanyeditse go nna le seabe mo go thubeng dikepe mmogo le go tlola melao ya bokolone jwa Spain, gore ba kgone go rwala batho ba ka nna sekete le makgolo a matlhano ba ba neng ba le makgoba go tswa kwa Sierra Leone go ya kwa Hispaniola (mo bogompienong e leng Haiti le Rephaboliki ya Dominican).<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3ukDAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA48 Some Historical Account of Guinea: With an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade]'', p. 48, at [[:en:Google_Books|Google Books]]</ref> Mo lekgolong la bolesome le bosupa le la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, tlhabololo ya bokolone ya Yuropa kwa Caribbean e ne ya ikaega thata ka bokgoba jwa masimo go lema le go dira dijalo tse di nang le dipoelo tse di rekisiwang tsa sukiri. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng di le dintsi pelenyana fela ga bokhutlo jwa lekgolo la bolesome le boferabobedi la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean ba ba neng ba dirilwe makgoba ba ne ba feta beng ba bone ba Yuropa thata ka palo. Mo godimo ga moo, go ne ga nna le setlhopha sa batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala, segolobogolo kwa ditlhaketlhakeng tsa Fora, kwa batho bangwe ba merafe e e tlhakaneng ba neng ba newa ditshwanelo gone.<ref>Stephen D. Behrendt, David Richardson, and David Eltis, [[:en:W._E._B._Du_Bois_Institute|W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research]], [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas". Stephen Behrendt (1999). "Transatlantic Slave Trade". ''[[iarchive:africanaencyclop00appi|Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience]]''. New York: Basic Civitas Books. ISBN 978-0-465-00071-5.</ref> Kwa Saint-Domingue, batho ba ba gololesegileng ba mmala le makgoba ba ne ba tsuologela maemo a a makgwakgwa, le ntwa e e sa kgaotseng ya magareng ga dipuso. Ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke maikutlo a phetogo ya Fora a a neng a bolela gore batho botlhe ba gololesegile e bile ba a lekana, Toussaint L’Ouverture le Jean Jacques Dessalines ba ne ba etelela pele [[Phetogo ya Haiti]]. Fa e ne e ipusa ka 1804, Haiti e ne ya nna rephaboliki ya ntlha ya Afro-Caribbean mo lefatsheng la Bophirima le lefatshe la ntlha e e neng e gololesegile mo bokgobeng (le fa e ne e se mo tirong e e patelediwang)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240202145624/https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/exhibitions/haitian/pages/part7.html "Other Revolution"]. ''www.brown.edu''. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> mme e busiwa ke batho ba e seng basweu le batshwarwa ba pele.<ref>Knight, Franklin W. (2000). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2652438 "The Haitian Revolution"]. ''The American Historical Review''. '''105''' (1): 103–115. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/2652438|10.2307/2652438]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762 0002-8762]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2652438 2652438].</ref> === Makgolokgolo a dingwaga a bolesome le boferabongwe–masome mabedi === Ka 1804, Haiti, e e neng e na le batho ba le bantsi thata ba Baaforika le boeteledipele jwa yone, e ne ya nna setshaba sa bobedi kwa Amerika go bona boipuso go tswa mo pusong ya Yuropa. Mo lekgolong la bolesome le boferabongwe la dingwaga, makhubu a a tswelelang a botsuolodi, a a tshwanang le Ntwa ya Baptist, e e neng e eteletswe pele ke Sam Sharpe kwa Jamaica, a ne a dira gore go nne le maemo a go fedisa bokgoba mo kgaolong eo ka go oketsega mo mafatsheng a a farologaneng a bokolone. Great Britain e ne ya fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloneng tsa yone ka 1834. Cuba e ne e le setlhaketlhake sa bofelo go gololwa, fa Spain e ne e fedisa bokgoba mo dikoloning tsa yone. Mo lekgolong la bomasome mabedi la dingwaga, batho ba Afro-Caribbean, ba e neng e le bontsi mo merafeng e le mentsi ya Caribbean, ba ne ba simolola go tlhomamisa ditshwanelo tsa bone tsa setso, tsa itsholelo le tsa sepolotiki ka maatla a magolo mo seraleng sa lefatshe. [[Marcus Garvey]] o ne a le gareng ga bafaladi ba le bantsi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tla kwa United States go tswa kwa Jamaica, a atolosa mokgatlho wa gagwe wa UNIA kwa New York City le kwa U.S.<ref>Martin, Tony. ''Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggle of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association''. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.</ref> Batho ba Afro-Caribbean, jaaka Claude McKay le Eric D. Walrond, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo Tsosolosong ya Harlem jaaka bataki le bakwadi.<ref>Tillery (1992). ''Claude McKay: A Black Poet's Struggle for Identity''. p. 42.</ref><ref>Villalon, Oscar (16 January 2013). [https://www.npr.org/2013/01/16/169169040/tropic-death-presents-lifes-horrors-in-beautiful-prose "'Tropic Death' Presents Life's Horrors In Beautiful Prose"]. ''NPR.org''. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref><ref>Barceló, Margarita, "Walrond, Eric", in William L. Andrews, Frances Smith Foster & Trudier Harris (eds), ''Oxford Companion to African American Literature'', New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997, p. 754.</ref> [[Aimé Césaire]] o ne a tlhama mokgatlho wa négritude.<ref>Heller, Ben A. (12 February 2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=i-aBAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA128 "Césaire, Aimé"]. In Balderston, Daniel; Gonzalez, Mike (eds.). ''[https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781134399604 Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003]'' (0 ed.). Routledge. pp. 128–130. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9780203316115|10.4324/9780203316115]]. ISBN 978-0-203-31611-5</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1960, mafelo a West India a ne a newa boipuso jwa one jwa sepolotiki go tswa mo pusong ya bokolone ya Borithane. Ba ne ba le kwa pele mo go tlhameng mefuta e mesha ya setso jaaka mmino wa reggae, calypso le Rastafari mo teng ga Caribbean. Ka kwa ga kgaolo, batho ba ba tlhabologang ba ba tswang kwa mafatsheng a mangwe ba Afro-Caribbean kwa United States, go akaretsa le batho ba ba jaaka Stokely Carmichael le DJ Kool Herc, ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso mo go tlhabololeng mokgatlho wa Black Power wa dingwaga tsa bo 1960 le mokgatlho wa hip-hop wa dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Batho ba Afro-Caribbean le bone ba nnile le seabe mo ditlhabololong tsa setso kwa Yuropa, jaaka go supilwe ke borutegi ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso jaaka Frantz Fanon<ref>Nigel C. Gibson, ''Fanon: The Postcolonial Imagination'' (2003: Oxford, Polity Press)</ref> le Stuart Hall.<ref>Chen, Kuan-Hsing. "The Formation of a Diasporic Intellectual: An interview with [[:en:Stuart_Hall_(cultural_theorist)|Stuart Hall]]," collected in David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen (eds), ''Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies'', New York: Routledge, 1996.</ref> == Batho ba ba itsegeng == === Sepolotiki === * Rre Grantley Adams – Barbados, ledipolotiki le mmueledi; Tonakgolo ya ntlha e bile e le ene fela wa Mokgatlho wa West Indies (1958–1962) * Marcos Evangelista Adón – lepolotiki le molwelakgololesego wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican * Jean-Bertrand Aristide – lepolotiki, moruti le tlhogo ya lefatshe, kwa Haiti * Dean Barrow – tlhogo ya puso, kwa Belize * Mobishopo Maurice – Grenada, moeteledipele wa phetogo * Paul Bogle – Jamaica, molweladitshwanelo tsa dipolotiki * Ertha Pascal Trouillot – Haiti, tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa Montsho mo lefatsheng, mmueledi * Juan Almeida Bosque – Mofetodi wa Cuba le lepolotiki * Dutty Boukman – Molwelakgololesego wa kwa Haiti * Forbes Burnham – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso * Bussa – Barbados, molwelakgololesego * Stokely Carmichael – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Trinidad, molweladitshwanelo tsa baagi le moeteledipele kwa US * Mary Eugenia Charles – Tlhogo ya puso ya kwa Dominican * Perry Christie – Mo-Bahamas, ledipolotiki le mmueledi * Henri Christophe – Haiti, mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya lefatshe * David Clarke (molaodi) – Barbudan, Molaodi wa nako e e fetileng wa Milwaukee * John Compton – Saint Lucia, lepolotiki le mmueledi * Paris Dennard – Grenada, motshwaedi wa pele wa sepolotiki wa CNN * Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Haiti (e e ka nnang 1804), mofetodi, ramasole le tlhogo ya ntlha ya lefatshe la Haiti e e ikemetseng * Papa Doc Duvalier – mmusaesi wa Haiti, lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga * Marcus Garvey – lepolotiki le mokwadi wa Jamaica, mothei wa UNIA le yo o neng a le matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking tsa Amerika go tloga ka 1916 go ya go 1927 * Philip Goldson – Belize, lepolotiki * Kamala Devi Harris – wa lotso lwa Jamaica, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moaforika, Moamerika wa ntlha wa Moasia, le Mothusa tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa United States * Louis Farrakhan – letso la Jamaica le la St. Kitts, moeteledipele wa bodumedi, Tlhogo ya Setshaba sa Islam, U.S.A. * Ulises Heureaux – Tautona wa Rephaboliki ya Dominican le moeteledipele wa sesole * Sam Hinds – Guyana, tlhogo ya puso * Hubert Ingraham – Mo-Bahamas, lepolotiki le mmueledi * Toussaint L’Ouverture – Haiti, mofetodi, mramasole le mmusi * Joseph Robert Love – Yo o tsholetsweng kwa Bahamas, ngaka ya kalafi; lepolotiki le molweladipolotiki wa kwa Jamaica yo o neng a tlhotlheletsa Marcus Garvey * Gregorio Luperón – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi, ramasole le mtautona * Antonio Maceo Grajales – mofetodi wa Cuba le ramasole * Michael Manley – Jamaica, lepolotiki * Jon Miller – Montserrat, Tlhatlhobo ya Botlhokwa, Moagasi wa BlazeTV * Nanny of the Maroons – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego * Jeanne Odo – Haiti, mofedisi wa bokgoba * Candace Owens – Moagi wa Setlhaketlhake sa Virgin sa Borithane, Motlhami wa Radio ya PragerU le Blexit * Wendy Phipps (yo o tshotsweng ka 1967) ke lepolotiki le mmakgwebo wa kwa Kitt's.<ref>[https://mof.gov.kn/the-hon-wendy-phipps/ "The Hon. Wendy Phipps"]. Ministry of Finance [St Kitts and Nevis]. 5 February 2019. E nopotswe Phukwi a ferabobedi ka 2025.</ref> * Lynden Pindling – lepolotiki la Bahamas, le Tonakgolo ya ntlha ya Bahamas * José Joaquín Puello – mofetodi wa Repaboliki ya Dominican, tona ya puso le molweladitshwanelo * Samuel Jackman Prescod – Barbados, lepolotiki la ntlha le le tlhophilweng la mo Afro-Caribbean mo Ntlong ya Kokoano * Francisco del Rosario Sanchez – Rephaboliki ya Dominican, mofetodi le ledipolotiki * Sam Sharpe – Jamaica, molwelakgololesego * Solitude – Guadeloupe, molwelakgololesego * Eric Eustace Williams – lepolotiki la Trinidad and Tobago, mokwadi le tlhogo ya puso * Shirley Chisholm – wa letso lwa Guyana le Bajan, mosadi wa ntlha wa montsho yo o tlhophilweng mo Congress ya Amerika, ntlhopheng wa ntlha wa tautona wa lekoko le legolo la Amerika la montsho * Colin Powell – wa letso la Jamaica, Ramasole wa Amerika, Modulasetulo wa Ditlhogo tsa Badiri ba ba Kopanetsweng == Metswedi == oyqsdwu7bulpitxbk0xw38btl7a8h5p 0 11047 49797 42895 2026-05-07T17:58:14Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse metswedi 49797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]] == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.<ref name=":0">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). "Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale "G. G." (1908–1992)". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|<bdi>978-1-5381-1133-8</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.<ref>Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]</ref> Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%e2%94%acaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 1jq1kca08ns7vguyzxm1shb9pv9o0if 49798 49797 2026-05-07T18:05:47Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Ke tsentse dikarolo 49798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]] == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.<ref name=":0">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). "Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale "G. G." (1908–1992)". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|<bdi>978-1-5381-1133-8</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.<ref>Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]</ref> Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%e2%94%acaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1908]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa1992]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mopolotiki a Botswana]] 8iltzqu8gp45x3yiz63hgforx5ta97k 49799 49798 2026-05-07T18:11:35Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse infobox ya tsebe e 49799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox politician | name = Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso | birth_date = 1908 | death_date = 1992 | nationality = Motswana | party = [[Botswana Democratic Party]] | office = Leloko la Palamente ya Botswana | constituency = Tswapong Borwa | term_start = 1965 | term_end = 1989 | occupation = Mopolotiki }} '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]]. [[Category:1908 matsalo]] [[Category:1992 dintsho]] [[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]] [[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]] [[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]]'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]] == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.<ref name=":0">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). "Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale "G. G." (1908–1992)". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|<bdi>978-1-5381-1133-8</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.<ref>Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]</ref> Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%e2%94%acaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1908]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa1992]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mopolotiki a Botswana]] 8up8xf383d0me4pprrmve4k208xh2fz 49800 49799 2026-05-07T18:12:36Z Olgatladi2020 10646 49800 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]]. [[Category:1908 matsalo]] [[Category:1992 dintsho]] [[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]] [[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]] [[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]]'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]] == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.<ref name=":0">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). "Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale "G. G." (1908–1992)". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|<bdi>978-1-5381-1133-8</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.<ref>Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]</ref> Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%e2%94%acaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1908]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa1992]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mopolotiki a Botswana]] cwi1bhuydz8qeh057opmu1khg02kf85 49801 49800 2026-05-07T18:31:29Z Olgatladi2020 10646 ke tsentse infobox ya tsebe e 49801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso|occupation=Rapolotiki|death_date=1992|birth_date=1908|term_start16=1965|term_end16=1989|office16=Leloko la Palamente ya Botswana|country16=Botswana|constituency_0=Tswapong Borwa|nationality=Motswana|party=Botswana Democratic Party]}} '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]]. [[Category:1908 matsalo]] [[Category:1992 dintsho]] [[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]] [[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]] [[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]] '''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908–1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[Palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya Tswapong Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]]. [[Category:1908 matsalo]] [[Category:1992 dintsho]] [[Category:Boradipolotiki ba Botswana]] [[Category:Maloko a Palamente ya Botswana]] [[Category:Botswana Democratic Party]]'''Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso''' (1908 - 1992) e ne e le mopolotiki wa Motswana. O nnile leloko la [[palamente ya Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1989, a emetse kgaolo ya [[Tswapong]] Borwa gape e le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ka nako ya eo. E ne e le leloko la phati ya sepolotiki ya [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic Party.]] == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Gaefalale Gaolebale Sebeso o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1908. Pele ga ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Sebeso e ne e le mogokgo wa sekolo sa [[Shoshong]]. O ne a gana go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nako ya ntwa, a bereka e le mmereki o eseng wa tiro e tona. morago ga ntwa, o nea bereka mo lekgotleng la Sub-Africa, kwa [[Palapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1953 le kwa [[Mahalapye]] ka ngwaga wa 1964. Sebeso e e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a ntlha a [[Botswana Democratic Party|Botswana Democratic party]] mo dingwageng tsa 1960.<ref name=":0">Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). "Sebeso, Gaefalale Gaolebale "G. G." (1908–1992)". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VslaDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Botswana]'' (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-1133-8|<bdi>978-1-5381-1133-8</bdi>.]]</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la [[palamente ya ntlha ya Botswana]] go emela kgaolo ya Borwa jwa [[Tswapong]] ka ngwaga wa 1965, kwa a neng a le mothusa motsamaisa dipuisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250520134653/https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7&Itemid=167 First Parliament of Botswana"]. ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> O ne a eme nokeng peo molao e e sa amaneng le botautona. O ne a isa tshutiso go nonotsha [[palamente ya Botswana]] ka ngwaga wa 1988, a supa fa e nyenyafaditswe go nna mo maemong a lephata le lebotlana.<ref>Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373.]</ref> Tshutiso e ne ya seegelwa kwa thoko dingwaga di le lesome le bone pele ga setlhopha se diragatsa dikakantsho, tse di neng tsa ganiwa ke matona ka nako eo.<ref>[https://www.sundaystandard.info/from-khama-the-great-to-khama-the-robber%e2%94%acaexecutive-corruption-in-botswana/ From Khama The Great to Khama The Robber:┬áExecutive Corruption in Botswana | Sunday Standard"]. ''Sunday Standard''. 2018-03-18. Retrieved 25 September 2025</ref> Sebeso o ne a ithola marapo mo palamenteng ka ngwaga wa 1989, o tlhokafetse ka ngwaga wa 1992.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Ditsalo tsa 1908]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa1992]] [[Karolo:Maloko a khuduthamaga ya Botswana]] [[Karolo:Mopolotiki a Botswana]] bodks029d7oj16f48tqw4efzmbdervf 0 11063 49814 44947 2026-05-08T05:57:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49814 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsatsi la Boipuso jwa lefatshe la Botswana''', ke letsatsi la boikhutso le le ipelelwang mo [[Botswana]] ka Lwetse a le malatsi a a masome mararo ngwaga le ngwaga. Letsatsi le le ipelela kgololesego ya Botswana go tswa mo [[United Kingdom]] ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1966.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120804023106/http://www.commonlii.org/bw/legis/const/1966/1.html "Constitution of Botswana 1966".] ''www.commonlii.org''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> Letsatsi la boipuso gantsi le amanngwa le dipontsho tsa melelo e e tlolang ditlhase, megwanto, ditshupo, meletlo, le go kopana le ba lolwapa, le mafoko a sepolotiki, fa godimo ga ditiragalo tsa setšhaba le tsa sepolotiki go ipelelwa ditso, puso le ngwao ya Botswana. Letsatsi la boipuso ke letsatsi la Botswana.<ref>[https://publicholidays.africa/botswana/botswana-day/ "Botswana Day 2020, 2021 and 2022 in Botswana".] ''PublicHolidays.africa''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == Moeteledipele o a nenga nonofile thata ke Kgosi [[Khama III]], o a neng a na le kemo nokeng e e nonofileng go tswa mo pusong ya Britain, ebile a ratega thata mo bathong ba kereke ya Evangelical kwa Britain. O ne a bereka thata le sesole sa Britain, ebile a sireletsa lefatshe le le neng le le letona mme le sena batho ba bantsi mo ditsuoloding tsa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[[:en:Jackson_Mutero_Chirenje|J. Mutero Chirenje]], ''Chief Kgama and his times c. 1835-1923: the story of a Southern African ruler'' (1978).</ref> Morwa Khama o motona e ne e le [[Sekgoma II]], o a neng a nna kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] fa Khama a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923. Morwa Sekgoma II o motona e ne e le [[Seretse Khama|Seretse.]] Mo botshelong jwa gagwe jotlhe Khama o ne a nyala basadi ba le bantsi (fa o mongwe a sena go tlhokafala). Mongwe wa basadi ba gagwe ebong [[Semane]], o ne a mo tsholela ngwana wa mosimane [[Tshekedi Khama|Tshekedi]].<ref>Professor Henry Louis Gates, Jr.; Professor Emmanuel Akyeampong; Mr. Steven J. Niven (2 February 2012). ''Dictionary of African Biography''. OUP USA. pp. 355–. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-538207-5|<bdi>978-0-19-538207-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Puso ya ga Sekgoma II e nnile lobaka lwa ngwaga dfela, a tlogela morwaagwe Seretse, o ka nako eo e neng e santse e le losea, e le ene mojaboswa wa bogosi (Tshekedi o ne a se mo lenaneong la go nna kgosi ka a ne a se ngwana wa ga Sekgoma II. Ka jalo go diragatsa setso, Tshekedi o ne a tshwarelela bogosi jwa morafe go fitlhelela Seretse a lekana go tsaya bogosi. Go neelana bogosi go stwa kwa go Tshekedi go ya kwa go Seretse go ne go rulaganyeditswe go diragala morago ga Seretse a boa kwa dithutong tsa gagwe tsa molao kwa Britain. Go tshwarelela bogosi ga ga Tshekedi go gakologelwa ka go atolosa mephato ga gagwe, go aga dikolo, go aga di sigo tsa mabele, go buisana le bagogi ba kolone ba Britain ka tsamaiso ya bogosi jwa Bangwato; le ka maiteko a gagwe a go berekisana le kgaogano ya morafe morago ga Seretse a nyala mosadi o mosweu, [[Ruth Williams Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ithuta kwa Britain. Tshekedi o ne a le kgatlhanong le lonaylo lo ka mo setsong tsa Botswana kgosi o ka se nyale jaaka a batla. E ne e le motlhanka wa batho; bogosi bo ne bo ka mo tswa diatleng. Seretse o ne a sa boele morago go nyala Ruth (selo se a neng a se dira fa a tshabetse kwa Britain ka 1948), le dikakanyo tsa morafe ka lonyalo di ne tsa baka kgaogano, bagolo ba dumalana le Tshekedi, ba ba nnye ba dumalana le Seretse. kwa phelelong bagogi ba Britain ba ne ba koba banna ba botlhe ka bobedi (Tshekedi go tswa kwa ga Mma Ngwato, Seretse go tswa mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso). Go tsuologo go ne ga nna gontsi, batho ba bolawa.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/people/president-seretse-khama "President Seretse Khama | South African History Online".] ''www.sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 2025-09-26</ref> Seretse le Ruth ba ne ba letlelelwa go boela Botswana, mme ene le Tshekedi ba kgona go baakanya dilo gareng ga bone. Ka nako e, Seretse o nea sa ipone e le kgosi ya [[Bangwato]], o ne a ipona e le moeteledipele wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] ebile e le tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana le le neng le tloga le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966. O ne a nna tautona wa Botswana go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya kankere ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19800630&id=3VQ0AAAAIBAJ&pg=1165,3836941&hl=en "Botswana president reported near death"]. ''The Montreal Gazette''. Retrieved 2025-09-26– via Google News Archive.</ref> == Ngwao == Letsatsi la booipuso ke letsatsi la lefatshe la boikhutso le le supiwang ka ditshupo tsa borata lefatshe. Jaka meletlo e mengwe, letsatsi la boipuso le ketekelwa kwa ntle. Ditirelo tsotlhe tsa puso jaaka tsa poso, le dikgotlatshekelo di a tswala ka letsatsi le. Mapolotiki a le mantsi a iponagatsa kwa meletlong go galaletsa ngwao, ditso, le batho.<ref>Makgala, Christian John; Bolaane, Maitseo (2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250909092846/https://journals.ub.bw/index.php/bnr "Gobe Matenge's Social Engineering Through Milestone Independence Anniversary Celebrations in Botswana, 1975–2016"]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''48''': 218–228.</ref> Malwapa a ipelela boipuso ka go tsenelela meletlo; bangwe ba tsaya sebaka go ikhutsa kgotsa go tsaya mafelo a beke a maleele go iketla le ba lolwapa kgotsa ditsala. Mekgabisa (dibaluni, lediaparo) e a bo e le ya mmal wa botala jwa loapi, bosweu le bontsho, mebala ya [[folaga ya Botswana]]. Megwanto e dirwa mo mosong, pele ga ba lolwapa ba kopana, fa ditshupo tsa melelo ya ditlhase di diragala mo maitseboeng morago ga go nna lefifi kwa lobalelng lwa metshameko.<ref>Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2017-01-02). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 "Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty"]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636 10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0258-9001 0258-9001.]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] * [[Ditso tsa Botswana]] == Metswedi == 9wuh6awo7024f0v1pt784ao4eqri17p 0 12115 49811 46775 2026-05-08T02:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Nyambura Ndereba'''<ref>"Wincatherine Nyambura Ndereba - Olympics Athletes - 2008 Summer Olympics - Beijing, China - ESPN". ''ESPN''. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved 2018-05-[https://web.archive.org/web/20080929120335/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?id=23634 02]</ref>(o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe (21) ka ngwaga wa 1972) ke motabogi wa marathone yo o tlogetseng tiro wa kwa Kenya. Fa gare ga ngwaga wa 2003 le ngwaga wa 2008, o ne a fetsa mo maemong a bobedi mo metshamekong e le metlhano e e latelanang ya marathone ya lefatshe lotlhe. Ndereba o fentse kgaisano ya marathone gabedi kwa World Championships in Athletics mme a gapa dimetale tsa selefera kwa Summer Olympic Games ka ngwaga wa 2004 le ka ngwaga wa 2008, a nna mosadi wa ntlha wa kwa Kenya go gapa dimetale tse dintsi. Gape ke mofenyi wa Boston Marathon ka makgetlo a le mane le wa Chicago Marathon ka makgetlo a mabedi. E ne e le kwa morago ka ngwaga wa2001 fa a ne a roba rekoto ya lefatshe ya marathone ya basadi ka nako ya 2:18:47.<ref>Turnbull, Simon (16 April 2023). "Ndereba and Okayo – the marathon greats who blazed a trail for Kenyan women". ''World Athletics''. Retrieved 16 April 2023.[https://worldathletics.org/heritage/news/catherine-ndereba-maragaret-okayo-marathon-boston-new-york]</ref> O ne a rola tiro ka ngwaga wa 2012 morago ga go tlhalosiwa ke Chicago Tribune jaaka motabogi wa marathone yo mogolo wa basadi go gaisa botlhe. <ref name=":0">''Chicago Tribune'', 8 October 2008: ''Ranking the Top 10 women [https://web.archive.org/web/20250906203035/https://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/sports_globetrotting/2008/10/constantina-tom.html marathoners]''</ref> == Tiro == Ndereba o tswa kwa Gatunganga mo Kgaolong ya Nyeri,<ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Catherine Ndereba". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 2020-04-17. Retrieved 17 October [https://web.archive.org/web/20200417172922/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/nd/catherine-ndereba-1.html 2011]</ref> mme a tsena Sekolo sa Sekontari sa Ngorano kwa a neng a tswelela ka tiro ya gagwe ya go taboga. Ka ngwaga wa 1994, o ne a thapiwa mo lenaneong la metshameko ke Kenya Prisons Service. <ref>''The Standard'', 28 October 2007: Catherine Ndereba: Racing to conquer the [https://web.archive.org/web/20071029181934/http://www.eastandard.net/hm_news/news.php?articleid=1143976625 world]</ref>Ndereba o ne a abelwa ka ngwaga wa 2004 le ka ngwaga wa 2005 Kenyan Sportswoman of the Year awards.<ref>IAAF, 2 March 2006: ''Athletes dominate Kenyan Sports [https://worldathletics.org/news/Kind=131072/newsId=33649.html Awards]''</ref>O ne a abelwa Order of the Golden Warrior ke Tautona Mwai Kibaki ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref name=":1">''Daily Nation'', Lifestyle Magazine, 15 November 2008: Fitting tribute to Marathon Queen Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback [https://nation.africa/magazines/lifestyle/1214-491320-9c4qfnz/index.html Machine]</ref> Ndereba ke mofenyi wa Boston Marathon ka makgetlo a le mane magareng ga ngwaga wa 2000 le ka ngwaga wa 2005.<ref>"🏃 Catherine Ndereba". ''Finishers''. Retrieved 2025-08-15.[https://www.finishers.com/en/athletes/catherine-ndereba]</ref> Ndereba o feditse a le mo maemong a bosupa kwa London Marathon ya 2009, a lekana le rekoto ya ga Katrin Dorre ya di-marathon tse di ka fa tlase ga diura tse 21 le halofo. <ref>IAAF, 27 April 2009: Ndereba matches Dorre’s record total of 21 sub-2:30 [https://worldathletics.org/news/kind=100/newsid=50350.html marathons]</ref>O ne a nna wa boraro kwa Yokohama Women's Marathon moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, a fetsa tsela eo ka nako ya diura di le 2:29:13.<ref>Catherine Ndereba. Marathon Info. Retrieved on 17 October [http://marathoninfo.free.fr/athletes/ndereba.htm 2011]</ref> O ne a se ka a fetsa lebelo le lengwe la marathone go fitlha ka Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2011, fa a ne a kgabaganya mola ka 2:30:14 diura go nna wa boraro kwa Beijing Marathon.<ref>Jalava, Mirko (16 October 2011). Kiprop and Wei Xiaojie triumph in Beijing. IAAF. Retrieved on 17 October 2011.[https://worldathletics.org/news?__nextLocale=en]</ref> Ndereba o ne a swetsa ka gore a tlogele tiro ka tidimalo ka ngwaga wa 2012. O ne a na le bothata jwa malokololo a serope sa gagwe sa moja mme o ne a bolelelwa gore a ka tokafadiwa ka karo mme o ne a batla go fola ka tsela ya tlholego. Moragonyana o ne a tshwantsha koloi e e tlhokang go baakanngwa thata.<ref>Sports, Pulse (2024-07-08). "Marathon legend Catherine Ndereba finally explains why she retired unconventionally". ''Pulse Sports Kenya''. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/athletics/story/marathon-legend-catherine-ndereba-finally-explains-why-she-retired-unconventionally-2024070709432642478 25]</ref>O ne a rola tiro jaaka "mosadi yo mogolo go gaisa botlhe yo o kileng a taboga marathone". <ref name=":0" /> Ndereba, yo leina la gagwe la sefatlhego e leng "Catherine the Great",<ref>Marathon Great Catherine Ndereba Retires. ''Runner's World'' (2014-05-28). Retrieved 2020-05-25.[https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a62586967/ruth-chepngetich-world-record-2024-chicago-marathon/]</ref>o nna kwa Nairobi le monna wa gagwe Anthony Maina le morwadiabone Jane. <ref>Hersh, Philip (2002-10-10). World record-holder Catherine Ndereba trains with her husband and sister, but it's her 5-year-old daughter who best motivates mom. ''Chicago Tribune''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.[https://www.chicagotribune.com/2002/10/10/world-record-holder-catherine-ndereba-trains-with-her-husband-and-sister-but-its-her-5-year-old-daughter-who-best-motivates-mom/]</ref>Morwarraagwe e bong Samuel le kgaitsadie e bong Anastasia le bone ke batabogi ba marathone.<ref>Catherine Ndereba. ''Time''. Retrieved 2020-05-[https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/printout/0,29239,1819129_1819134_1825760,00.html 25]</ref> == Diphelelo == Ndereba a gaisana mo metshamekong ya marathone ya 2005 World Championships. '''1995''' * O ne a emela Kenya mo lefatsheng ka lekgetlho la ntlha mo kgaisanong ya basadi ya go taboga mo Seoul, Korea '''1996''' * O beilwe mo maemong a bobedi mo USA Track and Field's World Road Running Rankings; a bidiwa Road Runner of the Year ke makasine wa Runner's World le Road Racer of the Year ke Running Times '''1997''' * Ga a ka a gaisana * O ne a tshola ngwana wa mosetsana, Jane. '''1998''' * O ne a tlhophiwa go nna Motabogi wa Ngwaga wa Tsela ke Runner's World le Motabogi wa Ngwaga wa Tsela ke Running Times * O ne a gapa bronze ya motho ka nosi le ya setlhopha kwa IAAF World Half Marathon Championships kwa Palermo, Italy * O ne a taboga ka lobelo lwa dikilometara di le 5 (15:09), dikilometara di le 12 (38:37), dikilometara di le 15 (48:52) le dikilometara di le 10 (53:07).<ref>"Famous people from Kenya Catherine Ndereba". ''Kenya Travel Ideas''. Retrieved 2020-05-25.[https://web.archive.org/web/20241126173455/https://www.kenyatravelideas.com/famous-people-from-kenya-catherine-ndereba.html]</ref> * O ne a simolola go taboga marathone kwa Boston Marathon, a fetsa mo maemong a borataro ka nako ya diura di le 2:28:27 * Ke ne ka fetsa ke le wa bobedi kwa New York City Marathon '''2000''' * Mofenyi wa Boston Marathon * Mofenyi wa Chicago Marathon * O ne a bidiwa AIMS World Athlete of the Year ke Association of International Marathons and Distance Races<ref>AIMS/ASICS World Athlete of the Year Awards Archived 2011-10-20 at the Wayback [http://79.170.44.8/inactive.cgi?site=aimsworldrunning.org;key=50f6c5b4996dd777227328da7143b217 Machine]</ref> '''2001''' * Mofenyi wa City-Pier-City Loop (half marathon) <ref>"City-Pier-City Half Marathon - List of winners". ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230330121732/https://www.arrs.run/HP_CPCHM.htm arrs.run]''</ref> * Mofenyi wa Boston Marathon * Mofenyi wa Chicago Marathon ka nako e e kwa godimo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng '''2002''' * O ne a fetsa e le wa bobedi kwa Boston Marathon. Gape o ne a feleletsa e le wa bobedi kwa Chicago Marathon '''2003''' * Motshameki wa metshameko ya marathone wa metshameko ya metshameko ya lefatshe * Mofenyi wa halofo ya marathone ya kwa Sapporo * O ne a feleletsa e le wa bobedi kwa New York City Marathon le kwa London Marathon '''2004''' * Metshameko ya Diolimpiki tsa Selemo ya 2004, kwa Athena - mmampodi wa sekgele sa selefera mo lebelong la marathone * Mofenyi wa Boston Marathon '''2005''' * Mofenyi wa Boston Marathon (mosadi wa ntlha yo o fentseng gararo) * Motshameki wa metshameko ya metshameko ya kgwele ya dinao ya lefatshe '''2006''' * Mofenyi wa Osaka International Ladies Marathon * Mofenyi wa Bogotá Half Marathon <ref>IAAF website, 31 July 2008: Joseph and Ndereba win at the Bogota Half [https://worldathletics.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=35504.html Marathon]</ref> * O ne a fetsa a le wa boraro kwa New York City Marathon '''2007''' * Motshameki wa metshameko ya metshameko ya metshameko ya lefatshe * Ke ne ka fetsa ke le wa botlhano kwa New York City Marathon '''2008''' * 2008 Summer Olympics, Beijing - mmampodi wa selefera mo marathong * Ke ne ka fetsa ke le wa botlhano kwa New York City Marathon '''2009''' * O ne a fetsa a le wa borataro kwa London Marathon '''2011''' * O ne a fetsa a le wa boraro kwa Beijing International Marathon == Dipego tsa Baebele == Catherine Ndereba: The Marathon Queen, e e kwadilweng ke Ng ⁇ ang ⁇ a Mbugua. Sasa Sema Publications, 2008 <ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 6tcse51izlkxhbdyrji1xalud4348rs 0 12170 49820 45365 2026-05-08T10:48:04Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49820 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tegla Chepkite Loroupe''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le boferabongwe (9) ka ngwaga wa 1973) ke motshameki wa motshameko wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Kenya. Gape ke mmueledi wa lefatshe ka bophara wa kagiso, ditshwanelo tsa basadi le thuto. Loroupe o tshwere rekoto ya lefatshe ya dikilometara di le 25 le 30 mme o ne a kile a tshwara rekoto ya lefatshe ya marathone. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa mo Aforika go tshwara rekoto ya lefatshe ya marathone, e a e tshotseng go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le lesome le boferabongwe (19) ka ngwaga wa 1998 go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mararo (30) ka ngwaga wa 2001. Ke mmampodi wa halofo ya marathone wa lefatshe ka makgetlho a le mararo. Loroupe gape e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha go tswa mo Afrika go fenya New York City Marathon, e a e fentseng gabedi. O fentse dikgaisano tsa marathone kwa Lontone, Rotterdam, Hong Kong, Berlin le Roma. Ka ngwaga wa 2016, o ne a le motho yo o rulaganyang Setlhopha sa Batshabi sa Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa ngwaga wa 2016 kwa Rio.<ref name=":0">Tegla Loroupe gives Refugee Olympians A Lesson in Hope, Jere Longmam. 4 August 2016, NYTimes, Retrieved 11 September [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/sports/olympics/tegla-loroupe-gives-refugee-olympians-a-lesson-in-hope.html?_r=0 2016]</ref> == Hisitori == Tegla Loroupe o tsholetswe kwa motseng wa Kapsait mo kgaolong ya Lelan ya Kgaolo ya West Pokot. E kwa Great Rift Valley, dikilometara tse di ka nnang 600 kwa bokone jwa Nairobi. Rraagwe le mmaagwe ke ba morafe wa Pokot, morafe wa Nilotic o o nnang kwa dikarolong tsa bokone jwa Kenya, botlhaba jwa Uganda le borwa jwa Ethiopia.<ref name=":0" /> Loroupe o ne a bolelelwa ke rraagwe gore ga a na mosola mme tiro ya gagwe e ka nna ya nna go sala le bana.<ref name=":0" />O ne a gola a na le bana ba le masome a mabedi le bonne (24). E re ka Ba-Pokot e ne e le batho ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi, rraagwe o ne a na le basadi ba le banè. O ne a fetsa bongwana jwa gagwe a bereka mo masimong, a disa dikgomo le go tlhokomela bomonnawe le bokgaitsadie ba bannye. Fa a le dingwaga di le thataro, Loroupe o ne a simolola sekolo kwa Sekolong sa Kapsait sa poraemari; o ne a tshwanelwa ke go taboga dikilometara di le lesome go ya le go boa kwa sekolong moso mongwe le mongwe. Kwa sekolong, o ne a lemoga gore a ka kgona go nna moatlelete fa a ne a fenya dikgaisano tsa dimetara di le 800 kgotsa di le 1500 tse di neng di tshwaretswe baithuti ba ba neng ba mo feta thata. O ne a swetsa ka gore a dire tiro ya go taboga. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go na ope yo o neng a mo ema nokeng fa e se mmaagwe fela. Lekgotla la metshameko ya diatleletiki la kwa Kenya, Athletics Kenya, ga le a ka la mo ema nokeng kwa tshimologong, ka gonne le ne le akanya gore Loroupe o monnye thata e bile o mosesane thata. Le fa go ntse jalo, seno se ne sa fetoga fa a sena go fenya lobelo lo lo tumileng lwa go taboga a sa rwala ditlhako mo nageng ka 1988. O ne a simolola go katisa go tsenela dikgaisano tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo ngwageng o o latelang, mme a bona ditlhako tsa gagwe tsa ntlha tsa go taboga ka ngwaga wa 1989, tse a neng a di rwala fela fa go na le dikgaisano tse di bokete. O ne a tlhophiwa mo kgaisanong ya bomme ya ngwaga wa 1989 IAAF World Cross Country Championships a fetsa ka 28th. O ne a gaisana gape kwa IAAF World Cross Country Championships ya ngwaga wa 1990, a fetsa a le 16th mo kgaisanong ya bašwa. Ka ngwaga wa1994 le ka ngwaga wa 1998, Loroupe o ne a fenya Goodwill Games ka 10,000 metres, a sa rwala ditlhako. Mo sekgaleng se se tshwanang o ne a gapa dimetlele tsa boronse kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe tsa Athletics ka ngwaga wa 1995 le ngwaga wa 1999. Ka ngwaga wa 1994, Loroupe o ne a taboga marathone wa gagwe wa ntlha kwa New York. O ne a fenya kgaisano e e neng e le kgatlhanong le e e nonofileng go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Ka ntlha ya seo, o ne a nna modingwana wa basha ba le bantsi mo Afrika: kgabagare, mmampodi wa mosadi go tlaleletsa batabogi ba le bantsi ba ba atlegileng ba banna. O ne a fenya New York City Marathon gape ka ngwaga wa 1995 mme a fetsa e le wa boraro ka ngwaga wa 1998. Fa gare ga ngwaga wa 1997 le ngwaga wa 1999, o ne a gapa dikgele tsa lefatshe tse tharo ka go latelana mo lobelong lwa halofo ya marathone. O ne a fenya Rotterdam Marathon gararo magareng ga ngwaga wa 1997 le ngwaga wa 1999. O ne a fenya Marathone wa kwa Berlin ka ngwaga wa 1999 mme a nna wa bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2001. O ne a fetsa a le mo maemong a bobedi kwa Osaka International Ladies Marathon ka ngwaga wa 1999. Loroupe o fentse kgaisano ya Zevenheuvelenloop 15K kwa Netherlands gararo (1992, 1993 le 1998). Ke mofenyi wa Egmond Half Marathon ka makgetlo a le supa (1993, 1998, 2000). O fentse Lisbon Half Marathon ka makgetlo a le marataro: 1994, 1997, 1999 le 2000.<ref>Lisbon Half Marathon winners. Arrs.net (22 March 2016). Retrieved on 11 September [https://web.archive.org/web/20181209165410/https://www.arrs.run/HP_LisHM.htm 2016]</ref> O fentse kgaisano ya tsela ya Tilburg, makgetlho a le matlhano (1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999), gape e le palo e e kwa godimo. O fentse Paris Half Marathon ka ngwaga wa 1994 le ngwaga wa 1998,<ref>Paris Half Marathon – List of Winners. Arrs.net (7 March 2016). Retrieved on 11 September [https://www.arrs.run/HP_ParisHM.htm 2016]</ref>City-Pier-City Loop half marathon kwa Hague ka ngwaga wa 1998,<ref>City-Pier-City Half Marathon – List of winners. Arrs.net (4 August 2016). Retrieved on 11 September 2016.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230330121732/https://www.arrs.run/HP_CPCHM.htm]</ref>le Parelloop 10K mo lobelong kwa Netherlands ka ngwaga wa1999.<ref>Arrs.net: List of Parelloop [https://web.archive.org/web/20180917174535/https://www.arrs.run/HP_Pll10.htm winners]</ref> Ka nako ya Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa ngwaga wa 2000 kwa Sydney, o ne a solofetswe go fenya marathone le dimetara di le 10 000, o ne a tshwarwa ke botlhole jwa dijo bosigo jwa pele ga lobelo. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a kgona go fenya kgaisano ya marathone, mme a fetsa a le mo maemong a bo lesome le boraro (13), mme mo letsatsing le le latelang, o ne a taboga sekgala sa dimetara di le 10 000 mme a fetsa mo maemong a bo5. <ref>Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Tegla Loroupe". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April [https://web.archive.org/web/20200418025241/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/lo/tegla-loroupe-1.html 2020]</ref>O ne a taboga a sa rwala ditlhako mo dikgaisanong tsoopedi, mme moragonyana o ne a bolela gore o ne a dira jalo ka ntlha ya go ikutlwa a patelesega go direla batho botlhe ba ba neng ba mo tsaya e le motho yo o tlisang tsholofelo mo nageng ya gaabo. O ne a tswelela a na le mathata a a farologaneng a botsogo go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa ngwaga wa 2001. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, o ne a fenya London Marathon le Rome City Marathon. Gape o ne a fenya Lausanne Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2002, Cologne Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2003 le Leipzig Marathon ka ngwaga wa 2004. Loroupe o ne a gaisana mo lobelong lwa marathone lwa 2005 World Championships kwa Helsinki, Finland, mme o ne a fetsa a le mo maemong a bo masome a mae (40) fela. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ne a fenya Hong Kong Half-Marathon. Mo go one ngwaga oo o ne a fetsa e le wa botlhano kwa Rotterdam Marathon le wa bobedi kwa Venice Marathon. Ka ngwaga wa 2007, o ne a tsaya karolo gape mo New York City Marathon, a fetsa a le 8th. Diphenyo tse dikgolo tsa ga Loroupe di akaretsa rekoto ya lefatshe ya dikilometara di le masome a mabedi (20), masome a mabedi le botlhano (25) le masome a mararo (30) mmogo le rekoto ya nako e e fetileng ya sekgala sa marathone. O kile a tshwara rekoto ya One Hour running World ya 18,340 m e e beilweng kwa Borgholzhausen, Germany, mme rekoto e ne ya rojwa ke Dire Tune ya Ethiopia dingwaga di le lesome morago ga foo, ka ngwaga wa 2008 (rekoto e ntšhwa ya 18,517 m).<ref>IAAF, 12 June 2008: Robles 12.87 World Record in Ostrava! – IAAF World Athletics [https://worldathletics.org/news Tou]</ref> == Go nna le leina le lentle == Ka ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Moemedi wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng wa Metshameko ke Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa Kofi Annan, mmogo le Roger Federer, mmampodi wa tenese go tswa kwa Switzerland, Elias Figueroa, moanelwa wa kgwele ya dinao wa kwa Latin America go tswa kwa Chile, le Katrina Webb mmampodi wa gouta wa Paralympics go tswa kwa Australia. Ke Moemedi wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Metshameko wa IAAF, Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Metshameko, le wa UNICEF. Ka ngwaga wa 2003, Loroupe o ne a dira motseletsele wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa Peace Marathons o o neng o tshegediwa ke Tegla Loroupe Peace Foundation "Peace Through Sports". Baporesidente, Ditona-Kgolo, Baemedi le badiredi ba puso ba ne ba tsamaya le batlhabani le ditlhopha tsa batswakwa kwa nageng ya gaabo ya Kenya, kwa Uganda le kwa Sudan, go tlisa kagiso mo lefelong le le neng le tlhasetswe ke batlhabani ba merafe e e lwang. Ka ngwaga wa 2010 puso ya Kenya e ne ya mo akgolela diphitlhelelo tsa gagwe jaaka makgolokgolo a batlhabani ba ne ba latlhile dibetsa tsa bone. <ref>Obare, Osinde (14 November 2010). "Loroupe seduces 700 Pokot warriors to give up guns for peace". ''The Standard''. Archived from the original on 29 March 2012. Retrieved 21 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20120329115933/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/politics/InsidePage.php?id=2000022436&cid=159 2010]</ref> O tlhomile sekolo (Sekolo sa Kagiso sa Tegla Loroupe) le legae la dikhutsana la bana go tswa kwa kgaolong ya Kapenguria, toropo e e kwa godimo kwa dithabeng kwa bokonebophirima jwa Kenya. Marathone ya Kagiso ya ngwaga wa 2006 e ne ya tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabobedi (18) ka ngwaga wa 2006, kwa Kapenguria, Kenya. Batlhabani ba le dikete tse pedi go tswa mo ditsong di le thataro ba ne ba gaisana. Peace Marathon e e latelang e ne ya tshwarwa ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le lesome le botlhano (15) ka ngwaga wa 2008 kwa Kapenguria, Kenya. Baemedi ba bosetšhaba kwa Kenya ba ne ba nna le seabe, mmogo le Tonakgolo, le Ditona di le mmalwa tsa Kenya, Tanzania le Uganda. Marathone ya Kagiso e ntse e tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale ka nako eo, kwa ntle ga dingwaga tse pedi tse di fetileng tsa COVID. Gantsi bafenyi ba dikgaisano tseno ba simolola go thapisiwa ka tsela e e kgethegileng gore ba kgone go taboga sekgala se seleele, kgotsa ba tsenela setlhopha se se thapisang batho ba ba kileng ba nna batlhabani. Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ngwaga wa 2007, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Moemedi wa Oxfam wa Metshameko le Kagiso kwa Darfur. Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa 2006, o ne a tsamaya le George Clooney, Joey Cheek, le Don Cheadle go ya kwa Beijing, Cairo, le New York mo thomong ya sedipolomate go fedisa tirisodikgoka kwa Darfur. O ne a fenya "Community Hero" category kwa ngwaga wa 2007 Kenyan Sports Personality of the Year awards.<ref>SOYA Awards – 2007 winners. Soyaawards.com. Retrieved on 11 September [https://web.archive.org/web/20080913034301/http://soyaawards.com/winners.html 2016]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ngwaga wa 2009, Tegla o ne a emela setlhopha sa Shoe4Africa.<ref>Fidelman, Brian (2 April 2018). "THE ROVING RUNNER; In Central Park, With an Accent on Training". ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 2 May [https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9F02E7D9163FF935A15753C1A96F9C8B63.html 2021]</ref> a taboga New York Marathon mmogo le mosimolodi wa yone Toby Tanser le motshameki wa sesadi Sarah Jones<ref>"Sarah Runs NYC Marathon". ''Sarah Jones''. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 2 May 2021.[https://web.archive.org/web/20211225140153/https://www.sarahjonesonline.com/appearances/sarah-runs-nyc-marathon]</ref> a fetsa ka 3:54:02. Loroupe ke leloko la 'Champions for Peace' club, setlhopha sa batshameki ba masome a matlhano le bone (54) ba ba itsegeng ba ba ineetseng go direla kagiso mo lefatsheng ka metshameko, e e tlhamilweng ke Peace and Sport, mokgatlho wa boditšhabatšhaba o o nang le ntlokgolo kwa Monaco.<ref>Peace and Sport. Peace-sport.org (1 September 2015). Retrieved on 11 September 2016.[https://www.peace-sport.org/]</ref> Jaaka go begilwe ke Around the Rings, e e gatisang dikgang tsa Diolimpiki, IOC e ne ya tlotla basadi ba le barataro, ba le batlhano go tswa mo kontinenteng nngwe le nngwe le mongwe go emela lefatshe, ka ntlha ya dilo tse ba di fitlheletseng le tiro ya bone ya go rotloetsa metshameko ya basadi. Loroupe o ne a newa sekgele sa lefatshe. Ka ngwaga wa 2015 Loroupe o ne a nna Mokwaledi wa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Batho ba ba se Nang Magae.<ref>"Tegla Loroupe". ''Homeless World Cup''. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 2 May [https://www.homelessworldcup.org/news/ 2021]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, o ne a le Chef de Mission a rulaganya Refugee Team ya ngwaga wa 2016 Summer Olympics. <ref name=":0" />Mo metshamekong eo Loroupe o ne a tsenngwa mo setlhopheng sa ba-Olympians for life project ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go rotloetsa kagiso.<ref>"Olympians for Life Project proves popular at Olympians Reunion Centre by EY"[https://olympians.org/news/723/olympians-for-life-project-proves-popular-at-olympians-reunion-centre-by-ey/]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 2016 Loroupe o ne a abelwa United Nations Person of the Year. <ref>"Olympian Loroupe Sets Example with UN Honour"[https://olympians.org/news/759/olympian-loroupe-sets-example-with-un-honour/]</ref> == Metswedi == an2yayfhtadnvx8kssedfom5skp6uyf 0 12430 49818 46186 2026-05-08T10:44:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Chepkemei''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa 1975 kwa [[Komol,]] [[West Pokot District]]) ke motabogi wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Kenya, yo o gaisanang mo metshamekong ya dimetara di le 10 000 le marathone. Ka ngwaga wa 2001, o ne a fenya [[Rotterdam Marathon]] mme a nna wa ntlha kwa [[Great North Run]], a bo a gapa sekgele sa selefera kwa [[World Half Marathon Championships.]] O ne gape a gapa seetsele sa selefera kwa Metshamekong ya Commonwealth ya 2002 mo metshamekong ya 10,000 m. == Tiro == Chepkemei o ne a gaisana mo kgaisanong ya banana ya [[IAAF World Cross Country Championships]] ka ngwaga wa 1990 le 1992, a fetsa mo maemong a boraro le a bo lesome le borataro ka go latelana. mo maemong a bagolo, o ne a tsenela kgaisano e telele magareng ga ngwagwa wa 1998 le 2001, mme maduo a gagwe a a gaisang e ne e le a boronse ka ngwaga wa 2000. O ne a simolola go taboga marathone ka ngwaga wa 1998 kwa Berlin Marathon mme a fetsa a le wa bobedi. O ne a fenya kgaisano ya [[Parelloop]] 10K kwa [[Netherlands]] ka ngwaga wa 1998 le 2000,<ref>Arrs.net: [https://web.archive.org/web/20180917174535/https://www.arrs.run/HP_Pll10.htm List of Parelloop winners]</ref> mme gape o ne a fenya kgaisano ya [[Marseille-Cassis Classique Internationale]] ka nako e e kwa godimo thata ka 2000.<ref>[http://www.marseille-cassis.com/la-course/historique/ Historique Il était une fois …] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090416172009/http://www.marseille-cassis.com/la-course/historique/ Archived] 2009-04-16 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] (in French). Marseille-Cassis. Retrieved on 2009-10-22.</ref> 2] O ne a fenya kgaisano ya Tilburg Ten Miles (10 km mo basading) gararo ka go latelana (2001 ⁇ 2003) Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le botlhano mgwaga wa 2008, IAAF e ne ya thibela Chepkemei go tsenela dikgaisano ka ngwaga o le mongwe, e dira polelo e e latelang: "[[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Metshameko ya Maatla]] (IAAF) o itsisitswe ke Athletics Kenya (AK) gore moatleletiki wa mosadi, Susan Chepkemei o bonwe molato wa go tlola molao o o latelang wa tiriso ya diritibatsi go ya ka Melao ya IAAF: Go nna teng ga selo se se ileditsweng sa [[Salbutamol]] (S3. Beta-2 Agonists) mo sekaing sa gagwe sa go laola tiriso ya diokobatsi (IAAF Rule 32.2a). Tlolomolao e ya tiriso ya diokobatsi e amana le tlhatlhobo ya tiriso ya diokobatsi ya IAAF e e neng e dirwa kwa ntle ga kgaisano ka 10.09.07 kwa Nairobi, KEN. "<ref>IAAF, February 25, 2008: [http://www.iaaf.org/antidoping/news/newsid=43582.html Doping Rule Violation]</ref> Ngaka ya ga Chepkemei e ne ya mo neela Salbutamol e leng pilisi e e thibelang thibelang bolwetse jwa khupelo fa a sena go itshlofela le go tshwarwa ke nyumonia; ka ntlha ya seo, thibelo eo e ne ya fokodiwa go nna ngwaga o le mongwe. O simolotse go boa gape kwa tshimologong ya 2009.<ref>Daily Nation, February 7, 2009: [http://www.nation.co.ke/sports/athletics/-/1100/526248/-/t2ke9fz/-/index.html Corporal Kibet’s Prison break]</ref> Motsamaisi wa gagwe ke [[Jos Hermens.]] == Dophitlhelelo tsa gagwe mo go tsa Mabelo == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ngwaga !Kgaisano !Lefelo !Maemo !Dintlha/Nako |- |September 20, 1998 |Berlin Marathon |Berlin, Germany |2nd |2:28:19 |- |April 18, 1999 |Rotterdam Marathon |Rotterdam, Netherlands |2nd |2:26:38 |- |November 12, 2000 |IAAF World Half Marathon Championships |Veracruz, Mexico |2nd |1:09:40 |- |April 22, 2001 |Rotterdam Marathon |Rotterdam, Netherlands |1st |2:25:45 |- |October 7, 2001 |IAAF World Half Marathon Championships |Bristol, United Kingdom |2nd |1:07:36 |- |November 4, 2001 |New York City Marathon |New York City, United States |2nd |2:25:12 |- |April 14, 2002 |London Marathon |London, United Kingdom |5th |2:23:19 |- |May 5, 2002 |IAAF World Half Marathon Championships |Brussels, Belgium |2nd |1:09:13 |- |April 13, 2003 |London Marathon |London, United Kingdom |4th |2:23:12 |- |November 2, 2003 |New York City Marathon |New York City, United States |7th |2:29:05 |- |November 7, 2004 |New York City Marathon |New York City, United States |2nd |2:23:13 |- |April 17, 2005 |London Marathon |London, United Kingdom |3rd |2:24:00 |- |October 1, 2005 |IAAF World Half Marathon Championships |Edmonton, Canada |3rd |1:10:20 |- |November 6, 2005 |New York City Marathon |New York City, United States |2nd |2:24:55 |- |April 23, 2006 |London Marathon |London, United Kingdom |3rd |2:21:46 |- |November 5, 2006 |New York City Marathon |New York City, United States |10th |2: |} == Metswedi == 1n1d2g06mz1tfn8r8hpxvknf4dt9xbn 0 12648 49821 48697 2026-05-08T11:11:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox law enforcement agency|agencyname=South African Police Service<br/>''Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens''|abbreviation=SAPS|patch=|patchcaption=|logo=|logocaption=|badge=SAPS badge.svg|badgecaption=South African Police Service badge|flag=Flag of the South African Police Service.svg|flagcaption=South African Police Service flag|motto=|mottotranslated=|formedyear=1995|formedmonthday=|preceding1=[[South African Police]]|preceding2=[[Bantustan|Homeland]] police agencies|employees=171,692 (2021/22)|volunteers=|budget=|nongovernment=|country=South Africa|countryabbr=|national=Yes|sizearea=1,219,090 km²|sizepopulation=62,091,133 (2022 census)|legaljuris=|governingbody=|constitution1=Constitution of the Republic of South Africa 1996, Chapter 11, Section 205|constitution2=South African Police Service Act 68 of 1995|police=Yes|local=Yes|sworntype=Officer|sworn=117,950 (2022/23)|unsworntype=Civilian|unsworn=52,792 (2019/20)|electeetype=Minister of Police|minister1name=[[Firoz Cachalia]]|chief1name=General Sehlahle Fannie Masemola|chief1position=National Police Commissioner|parentagency=|child1agency=|unittype=Division|unitname={{collapsible list|title=6|Visible Policing|Cluster Coordination|Detective Service|Crime Intelligence|Criminal Record and Forensic Science Services|Protection and Security Services}}|officetype=Provincial|officename={{collapsible list|title=9|Eastern Cape|Free State|Gauteng|Kwazulu-Natal|Mpumalanga|Northern Cape|Limpopo|North West|Western Cape}}|provideragency=|uniformedas=|stationtype=|stations=1,138 (2014/15)|website={{URL|http://www.saps.gov.za}}|footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saps.gov.za/ |publisher=South African Police Service |title=SAPS Profile |access-date=7 August 2008 |archive-date=19 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084605/http://www.saps.gov.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}'''Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa''' ( '''SAPS''' ) ke sepodisi sa bosetšhaba sa [[Aforika Borwa|Rephaboliki ya Aforikaborwa]] . Diteišene tsa yone tsa sepodisi di le 1,154 <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> mo Aforikaborwa di kgaogantswe go ya ka [[Diprofense tsa Aforika Borwa|melelwane ya diporofense]], mme go tlhomiwa Mokhomišenara wa Porofense mo porofenseng nngwe le nngwe. Bakomišenara ba Diporofense ba le robongwe ba begela '''Mokomišenara wa Bosetšhaba''' ka tlhamalalo . Kantorokgolo e mo Kagong ya Wachthuis kwa Pretoria . Molaotheo wa Aforikaborwa o tlhagisa gore Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa e na le maikarabelo a go thibela, go lwantsha le go batlisisa bosenyi, go tlhokomela tolamo ya setšhaba, go sireletsa le go sireletsa baagi ba Rephaboliki le dithoto tsa bona, go tshegetsa le go diragatsa molao, go tlhama tikologo e e babalesegileng le e e sireletsegileng ya batho botlhe mo Aforikaborwa, go thibela sengwe le sengwe se se ka sireletsegang mo setšhabeng. ditlolomolao dipe tse di tshosetsang pabalesego kgotsa tshireletsego ya setšhaba sengwe le sengwe, go netefatsa gore dikebekwa di atlholwa le go tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go samagana le dilo tse di bakang bosenyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission |url=http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902040609/http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=25 December 2010}}</ref> Ka 2013, Amnesty International e ne ya tlhagisa matshwenyego ka ga bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi a Aforikaborwa, go akaretsa le pogiso le dipolao tse di sa atlholwang. == Hisetori == === Dingwaga tsa bokoloniale === Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforika Borwa e latedisa tshimologo ya yona kwa Dutch Watch, mokgatlho wa sesole o o neng wa tlhamiwa ke baagi kwa Porofenseng ya Kapa ka 1655 go sireletsa baagi le go tlhokomela molao le tolamo. Ka 1795, badiredi ba Borithane ba ne ba tsaya taolo mo Dutch Watch, mme ka 1825 ba tlhoma Cape Constabulary (e e neng ya nna Sepodisi [[Cape Town|sa Cape Town]] ka 1840). Ka 1854, go ne ga tlhongwa sepodisi kwa [[Durban]] se se neng se tla nna Sepodisi sa Durban Borough, mme ka 1935 sepodisi sa Toropo ya Durban (DCP). <ref name="csvr.org.za - Metropolitan Police Services">{{Cite web |last=Newham, Gareth |last2=Themba Masuku |last3=Lulama Gomomo |title=Metropolitan Police Services in South Africa, 2002 |url=http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/papers/papnwhm7.htm |access-date=8 August 2009 |publisher=csvr.org.za |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231126/http://www.csvr.org.za/wits/papers/papnwhm7.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Molao wa bo 3 wa 1855 o tlhomile Sepodisi sa Dibetsa le sa Dipitse sa Molelwane kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]], se se neng sa fetolwa go nna Bathunyi ba ba Palang Dipitse tsa Kapa ka 1878 . {{Hatnote|Lenaneo la bakomisinara ba maloba, lebelela [[#Lenaneo la Bakomisinara Bosetjhaba ba maloba fa tlase|l lenaneo fa tlase]]}}Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa ( SAP ) se ne sa tlhamiwa morago ga go tlhongwa ga Kopano ya Aforikaborwa ka 1910 . Dingwaga di le nne moragonyana, Mokgatlho wa Ditlhobolo tsa Dipitse o ne wa tlogela maikarabelo a one a setšhaba mo SAP ka bontsi jwa bathunyi ba yona ba ne ba tsamaya go ya go direla mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha . SAP le sesole di ne tsa nna di na le kamano e e gaufi le fa SAP e sena go tsaya boikarabelo jwa leruri jwa molao le tolamo ya mo gae ka 1926. Gantsi badiredibagolo ba mapodise ba ne ba kopa sesole gore se ba tshegetse fa go ka nna le maemo a tshoganyetso. Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi, setlhopha se le sengwe sa SAP se ne sa direla le Lephata la 2 la Masole a a Tsamayang ka Dinao la Sesole sa Aforikaborwa mo Aforika Bokone . Fa National Party (NP) e ne e fenya baganetsi ba yone ba ba neng ba gololesegile thata mo ditlhophong tsa naga ka bophara ka 1948, puso e ntšha e ne ya tlhoma molao o o neng wa nonotsha kamano fa gare ga mapodise le sesole. Morago ga moo mapodise a ne a tlhomela thata, segolobogolo fa a ne a lebane le boidiidi jo bo sa laolegeng kgotsa jo bo bobaba. Molao wa Sepodisi (No. 7) wa 1958 o ne wa atolosa thomo ya SAP go feta ditiro tse di tlwaelegileng tsa sepodisi, mme wa letla sepodisi go fedisa dikhuduego tsa baagi le go dira ditiro tsa go lwantsha botsuolodi. Molao wa Phetolo ya Sepodisi (No. 70) wa 1965 o ne o letla mapodisi go tshwara motho mongwe le mongwe, setshodi, koloi, sefofane, kgotsa lefelo le le mo sekgaleng sa maele e le nngwe go tswa kwa molelwaneng mongwe le mongwe wa bosetšhaba, le go tsaya sengwe le sengwe se se fitlhelwang kwantle ga lekwalo la go tshwara. Lefelo leno la go phuruphutsha le go gapa le ne la atolosiwa go fitlha kwa dimaeleng di le robedi go tswa kwa molelwaneng ope fela ka 1979 le kwa nageng yotlhe ka 1983. === Morago ga tlhaolele (1994–gompieno) === Tona e ntšha ya Pabalesego le Tshireletsego, Sydney Mufamadi, o ne a bona thuso ya go katisa mapodisi go tswa kwa [[Zimbabwe]], [[United Kingdom]], le Canada mme a bolela gore go itshokelana ga merafe le ditshwanelo tsa batho go tla nna botlhokwa mo katisong ya mapodisi mo isagweng. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1995, SAPS e ne e akareditse ditheo tse di lesome tsa sepodisi tsa dinagagae tsa pele, mme e ne e rulagantse sešwa mo maemong a bosetšhaba le a diporofense . Yuniti ya Boithutatlhaloganyo jwa Dipatlisiso (IPU), e gape e bidiwang Karolo ya Boithutatlhaloganyo jwa Dipatlisiso (IPS), e ne ya tlhongwa ke moithutatlhaloganyo wa forensiki Micki Pistorius <ref name="Labuschagne">{{Cite web |last=Labuschagne |first=Gérard |title=The Profiler Diaries: From the case files of a police psychologist Penguin Random House South Africa |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/extracts/profiler-diaries-case-files-police-psychologist |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=Penguin Random House South Africa |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313030551/https://www.penguinrandomhouse.co.za/extracts/profiler-diaries-case-files-police-psychologist |url-status=dead }}</ref> ka 1996. Elmarie Myburgh e ne e le leloko le le simolotseng. Ka nako eo e ne e le karolo ya Yuniti ya Bosenyi jo bo Masisi le jwa Dikgoka, moragonyana e ne ya fudusediwa kwa Tirelong ya Matseka, mme go tloga ka Seetebosigo 2008 ya fudusediwa kwa Tirelong ya Direkoto tsa Bosenyi le Saense ya Forensiki (CRFSS). Ka nako eo, e ne e na le maloko a mararo fela mo maemong a ofisikgolo ya bosetšhaba, e eteletswe pele ke Gerard Labuschagne. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> == Thulaganyo == [[Setshwantsho:Wine_Expo_2014_1.jpg|thumb|Patrol kwa Stellenbosch]] <gallery widths="200"> Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_K9_Ford_Focus_(16973321327).jpg| Ford Focus <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_VW_Golf_5_GTI_(24900093814).jpg|alt=Volkswagen Golf GTI| Volkswagen Kolofo GTI Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_car_-_highway_patrol.jpg|alt=BMW 3 Series Highway Patrol| BMW ya Motseletsele wa 3 wa Tsela e Kgolo Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_car_-_Pilgrims_(2).JPG|alt=Toyota Hilux| Toyota Hilax Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Ford_Ranger_2.2.jpg| Ford Ranger Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Nissan_Hardbody_(18931600176).jpg| Nissan Navara Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Services_Durban_Explosives_Section_MB_Vito_CDI.jpg|alt=Mercedes-Benz Vito Explosives Section| Karolo ya Dithunyi tsa Mercedes-Benz Vito Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Explosives_Unit_Toyota_Quantam_(19921210743).jpg|alt=Toyota Quantum Explosives Section| Karolo ya Dithunyi tsa Toyota Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Linhai_ATV_(24976430956).jpg|alt=Linhai ATV| ATV ya Linhai Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_car_-_Ulundi_(8).JPG| RG-12 </gallery>Ntlokgolo ya Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforika Borwa mo e e kwa Pretoria. Go simolola ka Mopitlwe 2023, go ne go nale Batlatsa Komishinara Bosetjhaba, nngwe le nngwe e arogantswe ka mokgwa o o latelang: * Bopodisi: ** Bopodisi jo bo Bonalang le Ditiro ** Ditirelo tsa Tshireletso le Tshireletso * Go Lemoga Bosenyi: ** Ditirelo tsa Matseka le tsa Forensiki ** Botlhodi jwa Bosenyi * Ditirelo tsa Tshegetso ** Botsamaisi jwa Badiri ** Tlhabololo ya Badiri ** Ditirelo tsa Semolao le tsa Pholisi ** Ditirelo tsa Botsamaisi jwa Thekenoloji === Popego ya maemo === Tsamaiso e nncha ya maemo a Sepodisi sa Aforika Borwa se amogetswe tirisong ka Moranang 2010. Phetogo e e bakile tlhakatlhakano ka maemo a a tshwanang le "mogenerala"le "mokolonele" ka ge a amangwa le sesole. Gape phetogo e e tshwana le tsamaiso e e neng e dirisiwa ke Sepodisi sa Aforika ka motsi wa tlaolele. Ka ngwaga wa 2009, Motlatsa Molaudi wa sepodisi Fikile Mbalula o boletse ka go fetola tsamaiso ya maemo ya sepodisi gore e tshwane le ya sesole. Se se tlhotse tlhakatlhakano go tswa go bao ba neng ba sa dumele gore sepodisi se dire jaaka sesole. Tsamaiso ya maemo e ne ya baakanngwa ka 2016. Go ne ga tlhagisiwa seabe sa mokomišenara wa sepodisi sa kgaolo, ka maemo a molefothenente-generale. Maemo a magolo le a molefothenente a ne a fedisiwa, mme balefothenente ba tsaya maemo a mokapotene mme bagolo ba tsaya maemo a molefothenente. ==== Badiri ba bagolo ba ga jaana ====   Go simolola ka 2024 Mokomisinara Bosetjhaba ke Moleftenente Pharephare Sehlahle Fannie Masemola yo a thapilweng ka 31 Mopitlwe 2022. Leon Mbangwa ke Molebedi Mogolo wa badiri. ==== Porofaele ya mokgatlho wa SAPS ==== {| class="wikitable" |+Porofaele ya mokgatlho wa SAPS ( Mopitlwe 2023 ) ! Maemo ! Palo ya batlhankedi/badiri |- | Badiri ba Tona | 30 |- | Mokhomišenara wa Bosetšhaba (Kakaretso) | 1 |- | Motlatsamokhomišenara wa Bosetšhaba (Lt. Gen.) | 4 |- | Div. Bakhomišenara/Tlhogo ya Bosetšhaba/Motlatsa Nat. Tlhogo, botsamaisi jo bongwe jo bo kwa godimo (Lt. Gen.) | 12 |- | Bakhomišenara ba Diporofense (Lt. Gen.) | 9 |- | Mojenerale | 156 |- | Brigadier | 623 |- | Mokolonele | 2,417 |- | Molefetenente Mokolonele | 975 |- | Mokapotene | 12 155 |- | Batlhankedi ba ba sa tlhomiwang | 123 896 |- | Badiri ba Molao wa Tirelosetšhaba | 34 226 |- | '''Palogotlhe ya badiri''' | '''179 502''' |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Maemo a sepodisi a Aforika Borwa: Batlhankedi ba ba Tlhomilweng ! Letswele ! colspan="4" | Botsamaisi jo bonnye |- ! Maemo | Mokolonele (Mokolonele) | Molefetenente-Mokolonele (Lt-Colonele) | Mokapotene |- ! Letshwao |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-5.svg|127x127px]] |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-4.svg|127x127px]] |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrica-Police-OF-2.svg|127x127px]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Maemo a sepodisi a Aforika Borwa : Batlhankedi ba ba sa tlhomiwang ! Letswele ! colspan="4" | Maemo a mangwe |- ! Maemo | Motlhankedi wa Waranti (WO) | Sajene (Sgt) | Lepodise (Lepodisi) |- ! Letshwao |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrice-Police-Warrant_Officer.svg|87x87px]] |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrice-Police-Sergeant.svg|87x87px]] |[[Setshwantsho:SouthAfrice-Police-Constable.svg|87x87px]] |} == Metswedithuso == === Dikoloi === <gallery widths="200"> Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_AS_350_B3_ZS-RWX.jpg|alt=Eurocopter AS350| Yurokhoptara AS350 Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_MBB_BK117A-3_(ZS-HSD),_Henley_on_Klip.jpg| MBB/Kawasaki BK 117 Setshwantsho:South_African_Police_Pilatus_PC-6B2-H4_ZS-NIT_(6881996449).jpg|alt=Pilatus PC-6/B2-H4| Pilato PC-6/B2-H4. </gallery> === Bofofane === As of October 2023[update], with the arrival of a new helicopter, the SAPS Air Wing operates a fleet of 34 aeroplanes and helicopters. The Air Wing has about 50 pilots and 300 other personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> ==== Sekepe ==== Setlhopha sa dikepe tsa SAPS Air Wing se na le: <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref>{{image frame|content={{ChartDirect <!-- |vAnnotatonsLine=2012.9, 2021 |vAnnotatonsLabel= Marikana massacre, Zuma riots --> | width = 450 | type = line | xType = date | x = 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | y1 = 42, 47, 39, 40, ,42, 46, 43, 40, 39, 39, 40, 41, 41, 36, 28, 34, 38, 34, 35, 31, , 34, 27<!-- National--> | y1Title = % of the population that trust the police }}|width=510|caption=Public trust in the South African Police Service between 1998 and 2021. The [[Marikana Massacre]] (2012) and [[2021 South African unrest|Zuma Riots]] (2021) are highlighted.<ref name="HSRC1">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Changing patterns of trust in the police in South Africa |url=http://www.hsrc.ac.za/en/media-briefs/dces/changing-patterns-of-trust-in-sa-police |access-date=24 March 2022 |publisher=[[Human Sciences Research Council|HSRC]] |date=23 March 2022 |archivedate=24 March 2022 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324051750/http://www.hsrc.ac.za/en/media-briefs/dces/changing-patterns-of-trust-in-sa-police }}</ref>|border=no}}{{Post-start|caption=National Commissioners|float=none}} {{Post-header|post-name=Commissioners of the South African Police}} {{Post-member|from-date={{start-date|1913}}|post-incumbent=Colonel Sir [[Theodorus Gustaff Truter]] {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CMG|KBE|KPM}}<ref name="1918Honours">[[1918 New Year Honours#Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG)]]</ref><ref name=LonGaz82>{{London Gazette |issue=30451 |date=28 December 1917 |page=82 |supp=y }} Note: Chancery of the Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Downing Street, 1st January, 1918.: To be Ordinary Members of the Third Class, or Companions, of the said Most Distinguished Order</ref>|to-date=1928}} {{Post-member|from-date=1928|post-incumbent=Major General [[Isaac Pierre de Villiers]] {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CB|MC|KStJ}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=South African Army Officers 1939-1945|url=https://www.unithistories.com/officers/South_African_Army_officers.html|access-date=2022-10-14 |website=World War II unit histories}}</ref><ref name="Nongquaiv7n8">{{Cite journal|title=The Fighting Police of South Africa|first1=Hennie|last1=Heymans|volume=7|issue=8|url=https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/00_vol_7_no_8_-_fighting_police|access-date=2022-10-15|date=May 2016|place=Pretoria|via=issuu.com|language=en|page=8|journal=Nongqai|archive-date=2022-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015054332/https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/00_vol_7_no_8_-_fighting_police|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|8}}|to-date=1940}} {{Post-member|from-date=1940|post-incumbent=Brigadier George Robson Carruthers Baston {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|KPM|ON}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.onderscheidingen.nl/decorandi/wo2/zafr.html|title=Dutch awards to South African nationals for World War II|access-date=2026-01-28|archive-date=2025-01-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124043349/https://www.onderscheidingen.nl/decorandi/wo2/zafr.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.samirror.com/brig-gcr-baston.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928221350/https://www.samirror.com/brig-gcr-baston.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 September 2020|title=Brigadier GRC Baston|website=South African Mirror|access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>|to-date=1945{{efn|Brig George CR Baston was acting Commissioner of the South African Police Force (1940 - 1945) whilst Maj Gen IP de Villiers served in the Union Defence Force}}}} {{Post-member|from-date=1 August 1945|post-incumbent=Major General Robert John Palmer {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|CVO|KPM}} {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|DSO2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.samirror.com/maj-gen-rj-palmer.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928210733/https://www.samirror.com/maj-gen-rj-palmer.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=28 September 2020|title=Maj General Robert "Bobbie" Palmer|website=South African Mirror|access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref><ref name=LonGaz997>{{London Gazette |issue=35473|date=27 February 1942|page=997|supp=y }} Note: Award of the first DSO</ref><ref name=LonGaz2919>{{London Gazette |issue=38288|date=11 May 1948|page=2919|supp=y }} Note: Award of the Bronze Star while a Brigadier</ref><ref name=LonGaz4267>{{London Gazette |issue=37235|date=21 August 1945|page=2919|supp=y }} Note: Award of the Second Bar to the Distinguished Service Order. (Third Award of the DSO)</ref><ref name=LonGaz2072>{{London Gazette |issue=37039|date=17 April 1945|page=2072|supp=y }} Note: Award of the First Bar to the Distinguished Service Order. (Second award of the DSO)</ref>{{efn|General Palmer was awarded the DSO and two bars, that is three awards of the DSO<ref name=LonGaz997 /><ref name=LonGaz2072 /><ref name=LonGaz4267 /> as well as the American Bronze Star.<ref name=LonGaz2919 />}}<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Houterman |first1=Hans |title=Palmer, Robert John Biography |url=https://www.unithistories.com/officers/bio/south%20african/Palmer_RJ_bio.pdf |access-date=14 October 2022 |website=World War II unit histories}}</ref>|to-date=1951}} {{Post-member|from-date=1951|post-incumbent=Major General Jan-Kamas Brink|to-date=1954}} {{Post-member|from-date=1954|post-incumbent=Major General Corrie I. Rademeyer|to-date=1960}} {{Post-member|from-date=1960|post-incumbent=Lieutenant General Hendrik Jacobus du Plooy {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|MVO}}|to-date=1962}} {{Post-member|from-date=1962|post-incumbent=Lieutenant General Johannes Martinus Keevy|to-date=1968}} {{Post-member|from-date=1968|post-incumbent=General Johannes Petrus Gous|to-date=1971}} {{Post-member|from-date=1971|post-incumbent=General G. J. Joubert {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SOO}}|to-date=1973}} {{Post-member|from-date=1973|post-incumbent=General Theodorus J. Crous|to-date=1975}} {{Post-member|from-date=1975|post-incumbent=General Gert L. Prinsloo|to-date=1978}} {{Post-member|from-date=1978|post-incumbent=General Michiel Christian Wilhelm Geldenhuys {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SED|SOO|SOE|SD}}|to-date=1983}} {{Post-member|from-date=1 June 1983|post-incumbent=General [[Petrus Johann Coetzee]] {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SSA|SED|SOO|SOE|SD}}|to-date=1987}} {{Post-member|from-date=1987|post-incumbent=General Hennie G. de Witt|to-date=1989}} {{Post-member|from-date=1990|post-incumbent=General [[Johan Velde van der Merwe]] {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SSAS|SOE}}|to-date=1996}} {{Post-header|post-name=Commissioners of the South African Police Service}} {{Post-member|from-date=29 January 1995|post-incumbent=General [[John George Fivaz]] {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SSAG|SOE}}<ref>{{Cite web |author=South African Government|title=1999 National Orders awards |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/1999-national-orders-awards |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Nongqai|volume=9|issue=6|first1=Hennie Brig (Rtd)|last1=Heymans|via=Issuu|url=https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol_9_no_6|access-date=2022-10-16|website=issuu.com|date=21 May 2018|language=en|page=17|archive-date=2022-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016023142/https://issuu.com/hennieheymans/docs/nongqai_vol_9_no_6|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{rp|17}}|to-date=31 December 1999}} {{Post-member|from-date=1 January 2000|post-incumbent=General [[Jackie Selebi|J. "Jackie" S. Selebi]]|to-date=2009}} {{Post-member|from-date=July 2009|post-incumbent=General [[Bheki Cele|Bheki H. Cele]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bheki Cele, Gen |author=South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/bheki-cele-gen |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref>{{efn|Subsequently [[Minister of Police (South Africa)|Minister of Police]]}}|to-date=Oct 2011}} {{Post-member|from-date=2011|post-incumbent=Lieutenant General [[Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi]]<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Major General: Nonkululeko |last1=Mbatha|date=25 October 2011|title=Maj. Gen. Lucky Mkhwanazi: The SAPS CV - POLITICS|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/maj-gen-lucky-mkhwanazi-the-saps-cv |access-date=2022-10-16 |website=Politicsweb |language=en}}</ref>|to-date=2012}} {{Post-member|from-date=2012|post-incumbent=General [[Riah Phiyega|Mangwashi Victoria Phiyega]] {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SOEG}}|to-date=2015}} {{Post-member|from-date=15 Oct 2015|post-incumbent=Lieutenant General [[Khomotso Phahlane]]{{efn|Acting}}|to-date=1 June 2017}} {{Post-member|from-date=1 June 2017|post-incumbent=Lieutenant General Lesetja Mothiba{{efn|Acting}}|to-date=22 Nov 2017}} {{Post-member|from-date=22 Nov 2017|post-incumbent=General [[Khehla John Sitole]] {{Post-nominals|country=ZAR|SOE}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Curriculum Vitae of General KJ Sitole |url=https://www.saps.gov.za/about/cv_of_general_kj_sitole.pdf |access-date=15 October 2022 |website=SAPS |archive-date=15 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215065852/https://www.saps.gov.za/about/cv_of_general_kj_sitole.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{efn|Term ended by mutual agreement between him and the [[Cyril Ramaphosa|president]]}}|to-date=31 March 2022}} {{Post-member|from-date=31 March 2022|post-incumbent=Lt General [[Sehlahle Fannie Masemola]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sehlahle Fannie Masemola, Lt Gen |author=South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/saps-nat-comm |access-date=2022-10-15 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref>|to-date=present}} <!-- {{Post-member|from-date=XXX|post-incumbent=XXX|to-date=XXX}} --> {{End}} === Ditlhobolo === Batlhankedi ba Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa ka kakaretso ba tshotse tlhobolo ya Vektor Z88 9mm le seporei sa pepere . Koloi nngwe le nngwe ya paterolo gantsi e tsenngwa tlhobolo ya R5 . Go tima dikgoreletsi go dirisiwa ditlhobolo tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa le sethunya sa motšhini wa BXP, sethunya sa Musler 12 gauge (se se kgonang go thuntsha dikolo tsa rabara tse di lwantshang dikhuduego tse di mo dikhatritšheng tsa sethunya sa 12 bore se se tlwaelegileng), mmogo le gase e e ntshang dikeledi le dithunya tsa pensele. Sethunya sa R1 se gogilwe mo mabolokelong otlhe a dibetsa a sepodisi a a kwa pele fa e sale ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, mme se sa ntse se dirisiwa ke dikarolo tsa Setlhophatiro se se Kgethegileng . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Go tshwayatshwaya diphoso le dikganetsano == === Tsamaiso === Fa e sa le mokomišenara wa ntlha wa Bosetšhaba wa Aforika Borwa wa temokerasi George Fivaz a tsamaya ka Ferikgong 2000, palo ya bakomišenara ba ba latelanang ba paletswe ke go wetsa paka e le nngwe mo maemong, bontsi jwa bone ba amega le go latofadiwa ka maitsholo a a sa siamang. <ref name="khaas">{{Cite news|last1=Khaas|first1=Tebogo|title=Black Monday: We are going backwards|url=https://www.news24.com/Columnists/GuestColumn/black-monday-we-are-going-backwards-20171105-2|access-date=6 November 2017|agency=News24|date=2017-11-05}}</ref> <ref name="edit">{{Cite news|last1=editorials|title=Top cop position is a poisoned chalice|url=https://citizen.co.za/opinion/opinion-editorials/1409687/commissioners-under-the-cosh/|access-date=6 November 2017|agency=The Citizen|date=2017-10-27}}</ref> Kabo ya badiri e nnile le dikganetsano, ka babeamelao ba selegae ba botsa gore ke eng fa mafelo a a tlhokang thata didirisiwa tsa sepodisi a tlhokomologiwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Lefapha le ne la kgalwa ke Puso ya Kapa Bophirima ka go tlamela ka palo e e kwa tlase ya badiri (ba ba fetotsweng go ya ka palo ya batho) ka tlhaelo ya batlhankedi ba le 2,392, le fa le na le seelo se se kwa godimo sa dipolao. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/21/south-africa-police-brutality-shooting No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 21 February 2013</ref> Se e ne e le setlhogo sa Khomišene ya Khayelitsha ka 2012 . === Setlhogo le kgatelelo === Mokgatlho wa Amnesty International o tlhagisitse matshwenyego mabapi le bosetlhogo jwa mapodisi, go akaretsa pogiso le dipolao tsa kwa ntle ga molao, mo Aforika Borwa. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/21/south-africa-police-brutality-shooting No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 21 February 2013</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/christopher-mcmichael/footsoliders-in-social-war-police-south-africa |title=Footsoliders in a social war: the police, crime and inequality in South Africa CHRISTOPHER MCMICHAEL, ''Open Democracy'', 25 October 2013 |access-date=28 January 2026 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163642/https://www.opendemocracy.net/opensecurity/christopher-mcmichael/footsoliders-in-social-war-police-south-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>[https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/south-africa/report-2012 Amnesty International South Africa Report], 2012</ref> Gape go nnile le matshwenyego ka mekgwa e e setlhogo ya go katisa mapodisi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Go ya ka Peter Jordi go tswa kwa Wits Law Clinic "[Mapodisi] Pogiso e tswa mo taolong. E diragala gongwe le gongwe." Brandon Edmonds o nganga gore "Mapodisi a bolaya bahumanegi mo nageng eno." Dithutopatlisiso tse di ikemetseng di netefaditse gore SAPS e dirisitswe go gatelela megwanto ya kagiso. Ka Moranang 2009, SAPS e ne ya leka go thibela Letsatsi la Kgololesego <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/21/south-africa-police-brutality-shooting No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 21 February 2013</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo go tshegetseng segopa sa ANC sa Lwetse 2009 se se neng se tlhasela boeteledipele jo bo tlhophilweng jwa bonno jwa mekhukhu kwa Kennedy Road, Durban . <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission |url=http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902040609/http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=25 December 2010}}</ref> Mapodisi le one a latofaditswe ka go dira tiro ya sepodisi go feta selekanyo kwa Blikkiesdorp kwa Delft, Cape Town, ka go gatelela kgololesego le go laela gore go nne le dithibelo tse di seng ka fa molaong. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/21/south-africa-police-brutality-shooting No end in sight for police brutality in South Africa], Justice Malala, ''The Guardian'', 21 February 2013</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Ka 2011, mapodisi a le 630 go tswa kwa [[Gauteng|Porofenseng ya Gauteng]] a ne a tshwarelwa tsietso le bonweenwee, petelelo le polao. Motseleganyi wa Moranang 2012 mo go ''The Times'' o ne a re: "Go lebega pogiso le go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho ka tlhamalalo go nna selo se se tlwaelegileng mo mapodising mangwe a rona mme baitseanape ba tlhagisa gore pharologanyo fa gare ga dikebekwa le batlhankedi ba rona ba tiragatso ya molao e "fifetse"." Ka Tlhakole 2013, mapodisi kwa [[Daveyton]], Gauteng a ne a tshwarwa mo bidiong a sotlaka Mido Macia, mokgweetsi wa thekisi wa Mozambique yo o latofadiwang ka go paka koloi e se ka fa molaong. Macia o ne a bofiwa ka dithapo mo beneng ya mapodise mme a gogwa mo mebileng, moragonyana a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya dikgobalo tsa gagwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Mapodisi a le robedi a ne a tshwarwa mme moragonyana a bonwa molato wa polao. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> Mapodisi a le mararo a tshwerwe ka ntlha ya go thuntshiwa ga ga Nathaniel Julies, mosimane wa dingwaga di le 16 yo o nang le bolwetse jwa down, kwa Eldorado Park . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ==== Polao ya Marikana ==== == Bonweenwee == Ka la bo 10 Lwetse 2007 go ne ga ntshiwa taelo ya go tshwara Mokhomišenara wa Sepodisi sa Bosetšhaba Jackie Selebi ( mopresidente wa Interpol go tloga ka 2004 go fitlha ka 2008 ) ke Bothati jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Botšhotšhisi (NPA). Ka la bo 23 Lwetse 2007, Moporesitente Mbeki o ne a sekega Tlhogo ya NPA Vusi Pikoli, go bolelwa fa e le ka ntlha ya "go thubega go go ka se busediweng morago" ga botsalano magareng ga Pikoli le Tona ya Bosiamisi Brigitte Mabandla. Le fa go ntse jalo, babegadikgang kwa ''Mail and Guardian'' ba bolela fa ba na le tshedimosetso e e tiileng e e tshegetsang dipelaelo tse di anameng tsa gore Moporesitente Mbeki o emisitse Pikoli mo tirong jaaka karolo ya maiteko a go sireletsa Mokhomišenara wa Sepodisi Selebi. Go ya ka ''Mail and Guardian'' ka la bo 5 Diphalane 2007 NPA e ne e batlisisa Selebi ka bonweenwee, tsietso, go utswa le go fenya diphelelo tsa tshiamiso. <ref name="mail" /> Selebi o ne a bonwa molato wa bonweenwee ka Phukwi 2010, mme a se molato wa ditatofatso tse dingwe tsa go sokamisa tsela ya tshiamiso. <ref name="guilty">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10485558|title=South Africa ex-police head Selebi guilty of corruption|date=2 July 2010|access-date=2 July 2010}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole 2011 [[Bheki Cele]] o ne a amega mo maitsholong a a seng ka fa molaong le [[wiktionary:maladministration|tsamaiso e e sa siamang]] ka tumalano ya go hira R500m ya ntlokgolo e ntšhwa ya sepodisi kwa Pretoria. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Ka Diphalane 2011, Moporesitente [[Jacob Zuma]] o ne a itsise gore Cele o emisitswe tiro go santse go letilwe dipatlisiso ka ga tumalano eno. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> Morago ga kgakololo go tswa go boto ya dipatlisiso, Zuma o ne a leleka Cele mme a itsise gore Riah Phiyega, mokomišenara wa ntlha wa mosadi, o tla mo emisetsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission |url=http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902040609/http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=25 December 2010}}</ref> Ka Tlhakole 2018, Molefetenente-Kakaretso wa SAPS Khomotso Phahlane, yo gape e neng e le Mokhomišenara wa namane o sa tshwere wa SAPS, le mosadi wa gagwe ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelo ka ditatofatso tsa tsietso le bonweenwee. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> Ka la bo 30 Phukwi 2020, Phahlane o ne a lelekwa mo sepodising morago ga dingwaga di le tharo a sekegilwe. <ref name="convictedandis" /> Ka lone letsatsi leo, o ne a bonwa molato wa boitshwaro jo bo sa ikanyegeng. Ka la bo 12 Phukwi 2019, go ne ga itsisiwe gore mapodisi a matlhano a Porofense ya Bokone Bophirima a tshwerwe mo gare ga beke mo dikgetseng di le tharo tse di farologaneng tsa bonweenwee. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Ka la bo 4 Seetebosigo 2020, mapodisi a magolo a le marataro [[Gauteng|a Gauteng]] fa gareng ga batho ba le 14 ba neng ba tshwarwa ka ditatofatso tsa bonweenwee. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> Batlhankedi ba bangwe ba babedi ba bagolo, ba jaanong ba rotseng tiro, le bone ba ne ba tshwarwa. <ref name="guateng">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/saps-arrests-police-officers-over-fraud-corruption/|title=SAPS arrests police officers over fraud, corruption|publisher=SABC News|date=4 June 2020|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref> Gareng ga batlhankedi ba SAPS ba ba kwa Guateng ba ba latofadiwang ka bonweenwee go ne go akaretsa mapodisi a le mararo le Molefetenente-Kakaretso wa SAPS yo o rotseng tiro. <ref name="guateng" /> Ka la bo 12 Diphalane 2020, Molefetenente-Kakaretso [[Bonang Mgwenya]], motlhankedi wa bobedi yo mogolo wa sepodisi mo nageng, o ne a tshwarwa ka ditatofatso tsa bonweenwee, tsietso, bogodu le go tlhatswa madi a a akaretsang madi a ka nna dimilione di le R200 mme morago ga moo a tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelong ya Bommagiseterata ya Ridge. <ref name="sapsarrested" /> Ka nako ya go tshwarwa ga ga Mgwenya, ene le Phahlane ba ne ba le gareng ga batlhankedi ka ene ba le 14 ba ba neng ba latofadiwa ka bonweenwee. <ref name="sapsarrested">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-10-12-sas-second-most-senior-cop-lieutenant-general-bonang-mgwenya-appears-on-corruption-charges-for-dodgy-tenders/|title=SA's second most senior cop, Lieutenant-General Bonang Mgwenya, appears on corruption charges for dodgy tenders|first=Marianne|last=Thamm|publisher=Daily Maverick|date=12 October 2020|access-date=24 December 2020}}</ref> Mgwenya o ne a emisiwa ka 15 Diphalane 2020 mme a lelekwa mo SAPS ka 13 Ngwanaitseele 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Ka la bo 23 Sedimonthole 2020, mapodisi a le mane [[Cape Town|a Cape Town]] a a golagantsweng le yuniti ya bosetšhaba ya taolo ya melelwane kwa Boemafofaneng jwa Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Cape Town a ne a tshwarelwa go gapa madi mo dikgwebong tsa China. Ka di 23 Sedimonthole 2020, Peter Ntsime, Motlatsa Mokwaledikakaretso wa Nakwana wa Mokgatlho wa Sepodisi sa Aforika Borwa (SAPU), o ne a bega gore Mokolonele Kamelash Dalip Singh, lepodise le legolo la SAPU go tswa kwa Yuniting ya Porofense ya KwaZulu-Natal ya go Lwantsha Bonweenwee, o ne a tshwarwa, mme morago ga moo a gololwa ka tatofatso ya pipamolomo, ka beili. Ntsime o nyaditse go tshwarwa ga gagwe, a bolela fa Singh a ne a le kwa pele mo go tshwareng mapodisi a a sokameng mme a ne a le mo setlhopheng se segolo sa dirukutlhi. Mmuelli wa lefapha la dipatlisiso tsa bosenyi ba bohlokwa (Hawks), Captain Simphiwe Mhlongo, o boletse hore mapolesa a Hawks a sephiring a tshwere Singh ka matsoho a mahibidu a amohela pipamolomo ya R5,000. Ka di 28 Sedimonthole 2020, batlhankedi ba le bararo ba tiragatso ya molao ba ba neng ba thapilwe ke Mmasepala wa Emalahleni ba ne ba tshwarwa kwa Mpumalanga ka ditatofatso tsa bonweenwee le pipamolomo tse di neng di akaretsa ditatofatso tsa go sa ntshe difaene tse di tlwaelegileng go bakgweetsi ba ba tlotseng melao ya pharakano, mme go na le moo ba ne ba ba gapa ka madi gore ba newe pipamolomo. Ka 2022, ditatofatso di le pedi tsa bosenyi di ne tsa tlhatlhelwa ke Bokaedi jo bo Ikemetseng jwa Dipatlisiso tsa Sepodisi kgatlhanong le Mokhomišenara wa Bosetšhaba wa Sepodisi [[Khehla Sitole]] ka ntlha ya go gana go dirisana le dipatlisiso tsa lone tsa polao ya ga Charl Kinnear . Kinnear e ne e le motlhankedi wa matlhale wa sepodisi yo o neng a batlisisa bosenyi jo bo rulagantsweng mo teng ga SAPS. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Ka la bo 6 Phukwi 2025, Mokhomišenara wa Sepodisi sa Porofense ya KwaZulu Natal, [[Nhlanhla Mkhwanazi]] o ne a nna motlhodi wa sepodisi kgatlhanong le badiredi ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba sepodisi le boradipolotiki, go akaretsa le Tona ya Sepodisi, Senzo Mchunu, le maloko a boatlhodi. O ba latofaditse ka go thusa ditlhopha tsa dikebekwa, go ikamanya le dipatlisiso le go kgoreletsa tshiamiso. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=SAPS: PROFILE – Vision and Mission |url=http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902040609/http://www.saps.gov.za/org_profiles/vision_mission.htm |archive-date=2 September 2011 |access-date=25 December 2010}}</ref> Ka la bo 13 Phukwi 2025, Moporesitente wa Aforika Borwa, Motlotlegi [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] o ne a baya Senzo Mchunu mo khunologo e e kgethegileng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Africa Yearbook 2019/20 |url=https://www.gcis.gov.za/content/resourcecentre/sa-info/south-africa-yearbook-201920 |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=GCIS}}</ref> Motlatsa-mokomišenara wa bosetšhaba o gwetlha go sekegwa "go go seng ka fa molaong" kgatlhanong le ene. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20190521032329/https://www.saps.gov.za/contacts/ Contact Us ]." South African Police Service.</ref> == Ditlotla tsa ntwa == === Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha === === Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi === == Ditshupiso == == Bona gape == == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nrhueakww5whxsg7o1xsswy0118k4qx 0 13069 49817 49245 2026-05-08T10:22:21Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49817 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tswa mo Wikipedia, encyclopedia e e gololesegileng '''Shannon Esra''' (yo o tshotsweng ka leina la '''Esrechowitz'''; o tshotswe ka la 1 Tlhakole 1984) ke motshameki wa difilimi wa Moaforika Borwa le moitseanape wa go adima lentswe. O itsege ka go tshameka karolo ya ramolao Sandra Stein mo metshamekong ya terama ya [[The Queen]] le [[The River]], le Samantha Hugo mo motshamekong wa [[Lioness]].<ref>[https://www.dstv.com/mzansimagic/en-za/news/sandra-stein-defending-mzansi-s-female-criminal-masterminds "Sandra Stein: Defending Mzansi's Female Criminal Masterminds"]. ''DSTV''. 29 April 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.snl24.com/drum/celebs/news/i-cried-for-four-days-shannon-esra-opens-up-about-season-two-of-lioness-20221206 "'I cried for four days' - Shannon Esra opens up about season two of Lioness"]. ''SNL24''. 6 December 2022.</ref> Esra ke mongwe wa basadi ba bantsho ba mmala o mosweu ba ntlha go tshameka karolo e kgolo mo indastering ya [[Bollywood]] mo filiming ya [[Salaam-e-Ishq]].<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/saturday-star/news/atypicalinterview-shannon-esra-would-love-to-take-anele-mdoda-on-in-a-ping-pong-match-ea43587d-d8da-4047-88bf-dc3c0b621fb0 "#aTypicalInterview: Shannon Esra would love to take Anele Mdoda on in a ping-pong match"]. ''IOL''. 27 September 2020.</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele == === Botshelo jwa pele le tshimologo ya tiro === Esra o bone maitemogelo a gagwe a ntlha a go tshameka a sa le dingwaga di le 4, fa a ne a anela kwa konsateng ya [[Purim]] kwa sekolong sa bana ba bannye. Moragonyana o ne a dira go etsisa [[Elvis Presley]] mo ditlholisanong tsa talente tsa mo lefelong. Esra o simolotse go tshameka ka botsebi a le dingwaga di le 16, fa a tlhagelela mo filiming ya [[I Dreamed of Africa]] (e e neng e na le [[Kim Basinger]]), a tshameka karolo e e bidiwang Siri.<ref name=":0">[https://www.iol.co.za/saturday-star/news/she-ro-effusive-dynamic-charming-and-wildly-passionate-shannon-esra-17487b65-4845-46d4-8f6f-627741c27849 "SHE-RO: Effusive, dynamic, charming, and wildly passionate, Shannon Esra"]. ''IOL''. 12 August 2022.</ref> Moragonyana o ne a ithuta [[Dramatic Arts]] kwa [[University of the Witwatersrand]], a amogela degree ya gagwe ya [[BA (Hons)]] ka 2003. O fenyeletse sekgele sa [[Naledi Theatre Awards]] sa Best Performance by a Newcomer/Breakthrough (Female), mo tirong ya teater ya [[Dorothy Ann Gould]] e e bidiwang [[Japes]], ka ntlha ya go tshameka ga gagwe karolo ya Neets. Gape o ne a tlhomiwa go fenya sekgele sa [[Fleur du Cap]] Theatre Awards ka ntlha ya karolo eno. Ditiro tse dingwe tsa mo sethaleng di akaretsa metshameko ya teater ya basadi ba le bararo ya metlae e e bidiwang [[Six Inches]] (2018), e e kwadilweng le go tsamaisiwa ke [[Kristy Suttner]], mmogo le [[cabaret]] Homebound ka 2004. == Tiro == '''Go tlhagelela mo thelebisheneng''' Esra o dirile hisetori mo indastering ya [[Bollywood]] ka go tshameka karolo ya Stephanie mo filiming ya [[Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love]], ka go nna mongwe wa batshameki ba basadi ba mmala o mosweu ba ntlha ba ba tshamekang karolo e kgolo.<ref>[https://www.osmtalent.com/artist/shannon-esra/ "Shannon Esra"]. ''OSM Talent''.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080118113900/http://www.tonight.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3493023&fSectionId=434&fSetId=251 "Tonight | Hollywood next for Shannon Esra?"]. ''tonight.co.za''. Archived from [http://www.tonight.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=3493023&fSectionId=434&fSetId=251 the original] on 18 January 2008.</ref> O fetotse mmala wa moriri wa gagwe go nna blonde mme a bua ka [[puo ya Amerika]], a tshameka karolo ya Moamerika yo o etelang India go thibela mosimane wa gagwe (yo o tshamekiwang ke [[Kushal Punjabi]]) go nyala. Fa a goroga kwa India, o kopana le Raju, mokgweetsi wa tekisi (yo o tshamekiwang ke [[Govinda]]) yo o mo thusang, mme kwa bofelong o wela mo loratong le ene. Ka 2005 o ne a tlhagelela jaaka moeng mmogo le [[Eric Stoltz]] mo miniseries ya [[The Triangle]] ya [[Sci Fi Channel]], a tshameka mosadi wa gagwe wa pele yo ba sa tlhole ba le mmogo le yo o tletseng bogale. Gape o ne a tshameka karolo ya lorato ya Katie mo filiming ya [[rugby]] ya [[Darrell Roodt]] e e bidiwang [[Number 10.]] Mo ngwageng oo wa 2005, Esra o ne a tshameka karolo e kgolo ya Caz O’Donough, lepodisi le le dirang ka sephiri, mo terameng ya Saetlhapi ya [[aforika Borwa]] ya kelello le bosenyi e e bidiwang Snitch. Caz ke mma yo monnye wa dingwaga di le 20 yo o godisang ngwana a le esi, yo o lemogang gore rraagwe ngwana wa gagwe, Lawrence Carter, ke leloko la lelapa la bosenyi le le tshwanang le mafia leo rraagwe, lepodisi le le thata le le bidiwang Chisel, a neng a leka go le fedisa. O ne a tlhagelela gape mo terameng ya lefapha la dikgang ya [[Tim Greene]] e e bidiwang Hard Copy, e e kileng ya fenya dikgele di le dintsi tsa South African Film & Television Awards, a tshameka moitseanape wa dipatlisiso yo o nang le maikaelelo a magolo, Kim Smollen. Kim ke mosetsana wa Mojuta mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa magareng a bo20 yo o simolotseng tiro ya gagwe e le mmueledi wa boitlosobodutu mo pampiring ya dikgang e e bidiwang The Bulletin. Mo sehleng sa boraro, Kim o newa tshono ya go dira dipatlisiso tse di botlhokwa mo pampiring e e sa siamang e e ntšhwafaditsweng e e bidiwang The Bullet.<ref>[http://www.tvsa.co.za/showinfo.asp?showid=881 "Shannon Esra | Tvsa"]. ''tvsa.co.za''.</ref> Magareng ga 2021 le 2023, o ne a tshameka mo disizening tse pedi e le Samantha Hugo mo terameng ya bosenyi ya Saaforika Borwa e e bidiwang [[Lioness]]. == Lenane la difilimi == === Difilimi === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Karolo !Dintlha |- |2000 |[[I Dreamed of Africa]] |Siri |Filimi ya Amerika |- |2006 |[[Number 10]] |Katie | |- |2007 |[[Salaam-e-Ishq]] |Stephanie |Filimi ya Seindia ka puo ya SeHindi<ref>[https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/17-years-salaam-e-ishq-exclusive-shannon-esra-talks-experience-hindi-film-working-govinda-polite-sweet-one-day-disappeared-middle/ "17 Years of Salaam-E-Ishq EXCLUSIVE: Shannon Esra talks about her experience of doing a Hindi film and working with Govinda: "He was polite and sweet; but one day, he disappeared in the middle of a scene to slaughter a goat for good luck"".] ''[[:en:Bollywood_Hungama|Bollywood Hungama]]''. 3 February 2024.</ref> |- |2011 |2ND Take |'Movie' Lindsey | |- |2015 |[[The Gamechangers]] |Jen Kolbe |Docudrama ya BBC |- |2021 |The Ground Under |Jessica 'Jess' Stuckman | |- |2023 |Do Your Worst |Sondra | |} === Thelebishene === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Seabe !Dintlha ka kakaretso |- |2003 |Yizo Yizo 3 |Ngwana yo o Gaphang | |- |2004 |[[Isidingo]] |Yvette Meyer | |- |2004 |[[Snitch]] |Caz O'Donough | |- |2005 |[[The Triangle]] |Sally |Miniseries ya TV, [[Sci Fi Channel]] |- |2006-2007 |[[Hard Copy]] |Kim Smollen |TV series, setlha 2, 3 |- |2007-2008 |[[Life Is Wild]] |Lauren |Moanelwa yo o iphetang, mo The CW series |- |2008 |[[Wild at Heart]] |Angie |Setlha sa 3 |- |2008 |The Lab |Samantha Mazur |Setlha sa 2 |- |2010 |[[Miss Behave]] |Rachel | |- |2015-2017 |[[Isidingo]] |Angelique Scott | |- |2017-2021 |[[The Queen]] |Sandra Stein |Setlha sa 2 - 6 |- |2018-2022 |[[The River]] | |Setlha sa 1 - 5 |- |2019 |[[The Throne]] | |Setlha sa 1 |- |2020-2021 |[[Gomora]] | |Setlha sa 1 - 2 |- |2021-2022 |[[Legacy]] | |Setlha sa 1 - 2 |- |2020 |Still Breathing |Candice Burton | |- |2021-Go fitlha gompieno |[[Lioness]] |Samatha Hugo |Seabe se segolo |} == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Esra o nna kwa [[Sandton]] le batsadi ba gagwe le monnawe yo monnye. Ke "morati yo o fitlhegileng" wa dikgaisano tsa phengipheng tsa kgaisano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061027195220/http://www.vuvuzelaonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=428&PHPSESSID=427bcbe93198f3b239f7ac36146a120b "Vuvuzelaonline"]. 7 February 2025. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20061027195220/http://www.vuvuzelaonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=428&PHPSESSID=427bcbe93198f3b239f7ac36146a120b the original] on 27 October 2006. Retrieved 16 January 2007.</ref> == Metswedi == 93otswc4htylp835dd0u5wn1uo9ltrw 0 13221 49816 49769 2026-05-08T10:11:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekolo sa Green Valley''' ke sekolo sa poraefete sa dipuo tse tharo (Sejeremane, Seesemane, Searabia)<ref>[https://www.eslbase.com/schools/egypt "List of English language schools in Egypt | Eslbase.com"]. Eslbase. Retrieved 19 February 2022.</ref>se se kwa Toropong ya Obour, kwa [[Cairo]], [[Egypt]]. Sekolo se tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa 1998 mo gare ga dikolo di le mmalwa tsa dipuo tse tharo kwa Egepeto. E neelana ka thuto go tswa mo kgatong ya keretšhe go ya kwa Ngwageng wa bo lesome le bobedi(12) kgotsa IGCSE.<ref name=":0">[https://archive.today/20130221211951/http://www.gvschool.net/BriefHistory.html Brief history of the school] Deprecated link archived 21 February 2013 at [[:en:Archive.today|archive.today]]</ref>Searabia, Sejeremane le Seesemane di rutwa ka go tshwana.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Dikolo kwa Egypt]] [[Karolo:Thuto mo Aforika]] i2fgxk64fa52f777xnqerlxc4fg6au2 0 13226 49812 49781 2026-05-08T03:06:20Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 49812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Ditshwanelo tsa setho]] kwa [[Namibia]]''' ga jaana di amogelwa le go sirelediwa ke [[Molaomotheo wa Namibia]] o o tlhamilweng ka 1990 ke kokoano ya manno a le masome a le supa le bobedi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Legal Assistance Centre |title=Overview of the Namibian Constitution |url=http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/Gov1_Overview_of_Namibian_Constitution.pdf}}</ref> Kokoano e ne e na le makoko a a farologaneng a sepolotiki. Morago ga go dira draft, molaomotheo o ne wa dumalanwa ke maloko otlhe a makoko a le supa a sepolotiki a a neng a amega.<ref name=":0" /> Letsatsi la Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa 1990 ke letsatsi la ntlha Namibia e dira ka fa tlase ga Molaomotheo mme gape e tshwaya kamogelo ya Namibia jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13891138|title=Namibia profile- Timeline}}</ref> Kgaolo ya boraro ya molaomotheo e e bidiwang Ditshwanelo le Dikgololesego tsa Motheo tsa Setho, e gape e bidiwang Molaotlhomo wa Ditshwanelo, e tlhalosa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa baagi botlhe ba Namibia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Constitution of The Republic of Namibia |url=http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |access-date=2020-11-11 |archive-date=2017-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716100710/http://www.gov.na/documents/10181/14134/Namibia_Constitution.pdf/37b70b76-c15c-45d4-9095-b25d8b8aa0fb |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ditshupiso == f4zddiwip45p855n9vkgom1i1r9zvti 0 13227 49803 2026-05-07T18:44:18Z Olgatladi2020 10646 Olgatladi2020 moved page [[Kgosi ya Bangwaketsi, Seepapitso wa IV]] to [[Seepapitso IV]]: Sethogo a se a kwalwa sentle: setlhogo ga se a kwala maina sentle 49803 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Seepapitso IV]] krtrb0huszhj2gwdsnb5pmakt56euxf