Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13307 51937 51860 2026-06-29T18:05:33Z Stonesetswammung 12839 Se ke katolose ya tsebe e. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51937 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go sekete sa dimethara (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft)<ref name=":1">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mo karolong e e fa gare ya lekadiba la endorheic la Sekaka sa Kalahari. Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e bongola e gantsi e itsetletseng.<ref name=":0"> Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 "Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting"]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a anamela mo mafelong a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one e elela kwa tlase mo metsing a a seng boteng a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe, pele ga dimela di a monya. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a fitlhang mo makgobokgobong, kgabagare a a mowafala a bo a fetoga mowa. Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km³ (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km² (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.<ref>Keen, Cecil (1997). "[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.</ref> Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.<ref>McCarthy, T. S. (1993). "The great inland deltas of Africa". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]</ref> [[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bongwe ( 2013 ) kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].<ref>[["Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders"]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bone (2014) , Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [["World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana".]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Leina == Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo go ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.<ref>Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html "Okavango River"]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata Kavango fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo tsa Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.<ref>Eckl, Andreas (2007). [["Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911"]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> == Popego (Motheo) == === Merwalela === Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e etlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km^² (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo). Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo<ref>C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [["Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management"]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mme e sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika. Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta"]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.</ref> fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|"Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting"]]. ''Biodiversity & Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].</ref><ref>Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). "The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications". ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]</ref> === Go elela ga Metsi === === Letsha (Lecha) === Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. Mafelo a go itseelwang ditshwantsho le mafelo a bojanala/boetelo a le mmalwa a bonwa mo tikologong ya matsha a. Mangwe a matsha a matoma a akaretsa: * Dombo Hippo Pool (19°11′58″S 23°38′25″E) * Gcodikwe Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°14′24″E) * Guma Lagoon (18°57′52″S 22°22′41″E) * Jerejere Lagoon/Hippo Pool (19°05′17″S 23°01′12″E) * Moanachira Lagoon/Sausage Island (19°03′23″S 23°03′44″E) * Moanachira Lagoon (19°03′45″S 23°05′24″E) * Shinde Lagoon (19°06′18″S 23°09′18″E) * Xakanaxa Lagoon (19°10′48″S 23°23′42″E) * Xhamu Lagoon (19°10′03″S 23°16′12″E) * Xhobega Lagoon (19°10′39″S 23°12′36″E) * Xugana Lagoon (19°04′12″S 23°06′00″E) * Zibadiania Lagoon (18°34′12″S 23°32′06″E) === Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai === Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.<ref>Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 "Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress".] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]</ref> Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.<ref>Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm "Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> === Chief's Island === Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.<ref>[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ "Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris"]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020</ref> == Climate (''Tlelaemete'') == Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.<ref>[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm "The Okavango Delta | Botswana"]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.<ref>[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana "Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time"]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.<ref>[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta "A Year in the Okavango Delta"]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.</ref> Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.<ref name=":2">UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ "OKAVANGO DELTA".] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</ref> == Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo == Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, sa mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm "Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.</ref> Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu di teng.<ref>Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf "Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons"] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.<ref>Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. & Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.</ref> Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],<ref>McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). "Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]</ref> phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,<ref>Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf "Status report for the cheetah in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].<ref>Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). "Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].</ref> Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),<ref>Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN <bdi>1-881173-70-4</bdi>.]]</ref> ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). "The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]</ref> Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.</ref> Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html "Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population"]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023</ref> Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens "Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens"]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</ref> === Ditlhapi === Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tseno di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf "The Fishes of the Okavango Delta"] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.</ref> == Dimela == Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo masikeng a le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref> Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo ''mogobeng'', tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.<ref name=":2" /> Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo matlhakoreng a melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le mo mafelong a fetang bojang jo bo tletseng metsi, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta eno e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''mogobe'' o o sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a ''mogobe'' o o kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane se se bidiwang ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|"Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook".]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]</ref> Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka eno mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela tseno di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela tse dingwe di ka kgonang go mela. Thulaganyo e ga e botlhokwa mo go bopeng ditlhaketlhake tse di tlhamaletseng. Di ditelele e bile di ditshesane mme gantsi di obege jaaka noka e e itsoketsang ka iketlo ka gonne tota ke lotshitshi lwa tlholego la melatswana ya bogologolo ya noka e e neng ya thibelwa ke go gola ga dimela le go kgobokana ga motlhaba, mme seno sa dira gore noka e fetole tsela ya yone le gore dipota tsa bogologolo tsa dinoka di fetoge ditlhaketlhake. Ka ntlha ya go bo makgobokgobo a le bophara le ka ntlha ya motlhaba o montsi o o elelang mo go yone go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Okavango, boalo jwa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo a tlhatloga ka iketlo. Mo go nang le melapo gone gompieno, go tla nna ditlhaketlhake ''kamoso'' mme go tswa foo melapo e mesha e ka nna ya gogola ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di leng teng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta – Part 2 -".] ''blog.africabespoke.com''. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> == Batho == Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:<ref>[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> * [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda) * Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe). Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temothuo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.<ref>[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ "Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network".] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke Basarwa (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgwa le metswedi ya dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo metsweding ya dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango kwa Angola le kwa Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana kwa karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le Noka ya Boteti.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Wayeyi<ref>[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ "Wayeyi"]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi<ref>Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x "The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa Batswana) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).<ref>Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 "Ditso Tsa Batawana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.</ref> Ba eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-Bangwato se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo, Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong e gola thata.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega. == Bojanala == Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa lone tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le dikete-kete le makgolokgolo ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile toropo ya Maun ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa maeto matlon a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi le maeto ka mokoro.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf "Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa tikologo ka fa o ntse o na le dituelo tse di kwa godimo tsa baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref>Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> == Melapo (water streams) == Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogela bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo lefelong le e le molapo.<ref>kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ "June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee"]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a bolokilweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa go lema fa merwalela e kokobetse.<ref>Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017. </ref> == Matshosetsi a a ka nnang teng == Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021 di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.<ref>Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html "ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia"]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore metsi mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.<ref>[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region "A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region"]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.</ref><ref>[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ "Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout"]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk "Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk".] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>ReconAfrica e boletse gore, "Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo."<ref>[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ "Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project"]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.</ref><ref>Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ "OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta"]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 "FindArticles.com - CBSi".] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho, ba ba foo, le go ntshiwa ga metsi, ga ba ba mo kgaolong, kwa Angola le kwa Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ "Threats - Okavango Delta"]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ "Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice"]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.</ref> Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (documentary) ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne e ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go godisa leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.<ref>Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). "Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]</ref> Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (policy) ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa mo loaping ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us "About Conservation International Botswana"]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.</ref><ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.</ref> == Bona gape == * Kalahari Basin == Metswedi == <references /> h2b68nrhwlglqdfvraq3q5e251ivyx8 51943 51937 2026-06-29T21:17:25Z Stonesetswammung 12839 Ke tsentse ditshwantso tsa tsebe e. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51943 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go sekete sa dimethara (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft)<ref name=":1">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mo karolong e e fa gare ya lekadiba la endorheic la Sekaka sa Kalahari. Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e bongola e gantsi e itsetletseng.<ref name=":0"> Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 "Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting"]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a anamela mo mafelong a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one e elela kwa tlase mo metsing a a seng boteng a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe, pele ga dimela di a monya. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a fitlhang mo makgobokgobong, kgabagare a a mowafala a bo a fetoga mowa. Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km³ (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km² (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.<ref>Keen, Cecil (1997). "[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.</ref> Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.<ref>McCarthy, T. S. (1993). "The great inland deltas of Africa". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]</ref> [[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bongwe ( 2013 ) kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].<ref>[["Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders"]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bone (2014) , Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [["World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana".]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Leina == Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo go ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.<ref>Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html "Okavango River"]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata Kavango fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo tsa Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.<ref>Eckl, Andreas (2007). [["Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911"]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]] == Popego (Motheo) == === Merwalela === Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e etlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km^² (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo). Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo<ref>C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [["Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management"]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mme e sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika. Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta"]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.</ref> fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|"Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting"]]. ''Biodiversity & Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].</ref><ref>Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). "The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications". ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]</ref> === Go elela ga Metsi === === Letsha (Lecha) === Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. [[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]] === Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai === Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.<ref>Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 "Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress".] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]</ref> Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.<ref>Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm "Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]] === Chief's Island === Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.<ref>[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ "Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris"]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020</ref> == Tsa metsi == == Climate (''Tlelaemete'') == [[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]] Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.<ref>[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm "The Okavango Delta | Botswana"]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.<ref>[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana "Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time"]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.<ref>[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta "A Year in the Okavango Delta"]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.</ref> Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.<ref name=":2">UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ "OKAVANGO DELTA".] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</ref> == Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo == [[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]] Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, sa mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm "Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.</ref> Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu di teng.<ref>Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf "Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons"] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.<ref>Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. & Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.</ref> Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],<ref>McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). "Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]</ref> phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,<ref>Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf "Status report for the cheetah in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].<ref>Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). "Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]] Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),<ref>Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN <bdi>1-881173-70-4</bdi>.]]</ref> ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). "The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]</ref> Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.</ref> Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html "Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population"]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023</ref> Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens "Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens"]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</ref> === Ditlhapi === Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tseno di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf "The Fishes of the Okavango Delta"] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.</ref> == Dimela == Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo masikeng a le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref> Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo ''mogobeng'', tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.<ref name=":2" /> Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo matlhakoreng a melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le mo mafelong a fetang bojang jo bo tletseng metsi, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta eno e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''mogobe'' o o sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a ''mogobe'' o o kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane se se bidiwang ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|"Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook".]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]</ref> Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka eno mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela tseno di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela tse dingwe di ka kgonang go mela. Thulaganyo e ga e botlhokwa mo go bopeng ditlhaketlhake tse di tlhamaletseng. Di ditelele e bile di ditshesane mme gantsi di obege jaaka noka e e itsoketsang ka iketlo ka gonne tota ke lotshitshi lwa tlholego la melatswana ya bogologolo ya noka e e neng ya thibelwa ke go gola ga dimela le go kgobokana ga motlhaba, mme seno sa dira gore noka e fetole tsela ya yone le gore dipota tsa bogologolo tsa dinoka di fetoge ditlhaketlhake. Ka ntlha ya go bo makgobokgobo a le bophara le ka ntlha ya motlhaba o montsi o o elelang mo go yone go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Okavango, boalo jwa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo a tlhatloga ka iketlo. Mo go nang le melapo gone gompieno, go tla nna ditlhaketlhake ''kamoso'' mme go tswa foo melapo e mesha e ka nna ya gogola ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di leng teng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta – Part 2 -".] ''blog.africabespoke.com''. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> == Batho == [[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]] Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:<ref>[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> * [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda) * Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe). Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temothuo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.<ref>[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ "Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network".] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke Basarwa (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgwa le metswedi ya dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo metsweding ya dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango kwa Angola le kwa Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana kwa karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le Noka ya Boteti.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Wayeyi<ref>[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ "Wayeyi"]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi<ref>Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x "The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa Batswana) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).<ref>Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 "Ditso Tsa Batawana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.</ref> Ba eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-Bangwato se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo, Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong e gola thata.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega. == Bojanala == Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa lone tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le dikete-kete le makgolokgolo ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile toropo ya Maun ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa maeto matlon a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi le maeto ka mokoro.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf "Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa tikologo ka fa o ntse o na le dituelo tse di kwa godimo tsa baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref>Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> == Melapo (water streams) == [[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]] Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogela bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo lefelong le e le molapo.<ref>kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ "June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee"]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a bolokilweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa go lema fa merwalela e kokobetse.<ref>Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017. </ref> == Matshosetsi a a ka nnang teng == Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021 di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.<ref>Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html "ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia"]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore metsi mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.<ref>[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region "A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region"]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.</ref><ref>[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ "Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout"]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk "Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk".] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>ReconAfrica e boletse gore, "Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo."<ref>[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ "Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project"]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.</ref><ref>Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ "OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta"]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 "FindArticles.com - CBSi".] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho, ba ba foo, le go ntshiwa ga metsi, ga ba ba mo kgaolong, kwa Angola le kwa Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ "Threats - Okavango Delta"]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ "Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice"]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.</ref> Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (documentary) ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne e ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go godisa leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.<ref>Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). "Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]</ref> Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (policy) ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa mo loaping ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us "About Conservation International Botswana"]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.</ref><ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.</ref> == Bona gape == * Kalahari Basin == Metswedi == <references /> 2yzkqkfl09s2usb9i2c1b6nbaf2srm5 51944 51943 2026-06-29T22:48:30Z Stonesetswammung 12839 Se ke katolose ya tsebe e. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go sekete sa dimethara (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft)<ref name=":1">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mo karolong e e fa gare ya lekadiba la endorheic la Sekaka sa Kalahari. Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e bongola e gantsi e itsetletseng.<ref name=":0"> Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 "Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting"]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a anamela mo mafelong a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one e elela kwa tlase mo metsing a a seng boteng a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe, pele ga dimela di a monya. Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a fitlhang mo makgobokgobong, kgabagare a a mowafala a bo a fetoga mowa. Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km³ (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km² (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.<ref>Keen, Cecil (1997). "[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.</ref> Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.<ref>McCarthy, T. S. (1993). "The great inland deltas of Africa". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]</ref> [[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bongwe ( 2013 ) kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].<ref>[["Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders"]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le bone (2014) , Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [["World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana".]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Leina == Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo go ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.<ref>Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html "Okavango River"]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata Kavango fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo tsa Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.<ref>Eckl, Andreas (2007). [["Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911"]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]] == Popego (Motheo) == === Merwalela === Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e etlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km^² (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo). Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo<ref>C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [["Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management"]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mme e sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika. Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta"]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.</ref> fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|"Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting"]]. ''Biodiversity & Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].</ref><ref>Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). "The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications". ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]</ref> === Go elela ga Metsi === === Letsha (Lecha) === Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. [[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]] === Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai === Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.<ref>Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 "Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress".] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]</ref> Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.<ref>Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm "Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]] === Chief's Island === Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.<ref>[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ "Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris"]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020</ref> == Tsa metsi == Melatswana e tshelang Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tlholega ka bontsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e e nneleng ka go kopana ga dinoka tsa Cubango le Cuito mo Angola pele ga e elela e ralala Namibia e tsena mo Botswana. Mo go tseneng mo makgobokgobong gaufi le Mohembo, noka e kgaogana go nna melatswana e e matswakabele, fa noka e tlhatsetsang teng, matsha, ''di-swamp'' tsa se nnela-ruri tse di thusang go tshegega nngwe ya makgobokgobo a a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe a a mo gare ga mpa ya lefatshe.<ref>Wolski, P. (2003). "Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 1165–1172. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]</ref><ref>McCarthy, T.S. (2023). "Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River". ''Journal of Hydrology''. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370]].</ref> Melapo e megolo (e e ntshang metsi go tswa mo makgobokgobong) e akaretsa Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, le dinokana tsa Jao. Melapo e e bowa e anamisa metsi a merwalela a tlang le dipaka tse di farologaneng, go ralala makgobokgobo, se se bo se dira gore go nne le mafaratlhatlha a mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a a nnang a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe, le a a nnang a na le metsi a mantsi ka dinako tse dingwe, a a thusang gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.<ref>Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report (Report). OKACOM. 2009.</ref><ref name=":3">Gieske, A. (1997). "Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''193''': 214–239. [[Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.|doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.]]</ref> Mo e ka nnang 96-98% ya metsi a a tsenang mo makgobokgobong, a latlhega ka go tsewa ke phefo ga metsi le dimela (evapotranspiration), go tsena kafa tlase ga lefatshe (groundwater recharge), le go tsewa ke phefo (evaporation), fa fela karolo e nnye ya one e tswa/latlhega ka go ya le dinoka tsa Thamalakane le Boteti.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Wolski, P. (2003). "Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]</ref> == Climate (''Tlelaemete'') == [[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]] Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.<ref>[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm "The Okavango Delta | Botswana"]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.<ref>[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana "Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time"]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.<ref>[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta "A Year in the Okavango Delta"]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.</ref> Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.<ref name=":2">UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ "OKAVANGO DELTA".] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</ref> == Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo == [[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]] Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, sa mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm "Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.</ref> Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu di teng.<ref>Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf "Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons"] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.<ref>Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. & Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.</ref> Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],<ref>McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). "Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]</ref> phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,<ref>Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf "Status report for the cheetah in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].<ref>Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). "Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]] Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),<ref>Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN <bdi>1-881173-70-4</bdi>.]]</ref> ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). "The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]</ref> Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.</ref> Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html "Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population"]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023</ref> Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens "Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens"]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</ref> === Ditlhapi === Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tseno di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf "The Fishes of the Okavango Delta"] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.</ref> == Dimela == Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo masikeng a le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref> Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo ''mogobeng'', tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.<ref name=":2" /> Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo matlhakoreng a melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le mo mafelong a fetang bojang jo bo tletseng metsi, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta eno e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''mogobe'' o o sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a ''mogobe'' o o kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane se se bidiwang ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|"Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook".]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]</ref> Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka eno mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela tseno di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela tse dingwe di ka kgonang go mela. Thulaganyo e ga e botlhokwa mo go bopeng ditlhaketlhake tse di tlhamaletseng. Di ditelele e bile di ditshesane mme gantsi di obege jaaka noka e e itsoketsang ka iketlo ka gonne tota ke lotshitshi lwa tlholego la melatswana ya bogologolo ya noka e e neng ya thibelwa ke go gola ga dimela le go kgobokana ga motlhaba, mme seno sa dira gore noka e fetole tsela ya yone le gore dipota tsa bogologolo tsa dinoka di fetoge ditlhaketlhake. Ka ntlha ya go bo makgobokgobo a le bophara le ka ntlha ya motlhaba o montsi o o elelang mo go yone go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Okavango, boalo jwa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo a tlhatloga ka iketlo. Mo go nang le melapo gone gompieno, go tla nna ditlhaketlhake ''kamoso'' mme go tswa foo melapo e mesha e ka nna ya gogola ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di leng teng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta – Part 2 -".] ''blog.africabespoke.com''. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> == Batho == [[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]] Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:<ref>[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> * [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda) * Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe). Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temothuo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.<ref>[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ "Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network".] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke Basarwa (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgwa le metswedi ya dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo metsweding ya dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango kwa Angola le kwa Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana kwa karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le Noka ya Boteti.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Wayeyi<ref>[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ "Wayeyi"]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi<ref>Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x "The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa Batswana) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).<ref>Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 "Ditso Tsa Batawana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.</ref> Ba eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-Bangwato se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo, Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong e gola thata.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega. == Bojanala == Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa lone tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le dikete-kete le makgolokgolo ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile toropo ya [[Maun]] ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa maeto matlon a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi le maeto ka mokoro.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf "Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa tikologo ka fa o ntse o na le dituelo tse di kwa godimo tsa baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref>Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> == Melapo (water streams) == [[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]] Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogela bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo lefelong le e le molapo.<ref>kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ "June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee"]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a bolokilweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa go lema fa merwalela e kokobetse.<ref>Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017. </ref> == Matshosetsi a a ka nnang teng == Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021 di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.<ref>Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html "ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia"]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore metsi mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.<ref>[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region "A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region"]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.</ref><ref>[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ "Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout"]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk "Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk".] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>ReconAfrica e boletse gore, "Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo."<ref>[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ "Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project"]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.</ref><ref>Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ "OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta"]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 "FindArticles.com - CBSi".] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho, ba ba foo, le go ntshiwa ga metsi, ga ba ba mo kgaolong, kwa Angola le kwa Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ "Threats - Okavango Delta"]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ "Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice"]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.</ref> Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (documentary) ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne e ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go godisa leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.<ref>Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). "Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]</ref> Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (policy) ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa mo loaping ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us "About Conservation International Botswana"]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.</ref><ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.</ref> == Bona gape == * Kalahari Basin == Metswedi == <references /> klkf740e38yuls2qrgfuy454jg9uczi 51945 51944 2026-06-30T00:30:16Z Stonesetswammung 12839 Se ke paakanyo ya tsebe e. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Naga ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela mogorogoro o o tlhatlogileng ka dimethara tse di makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go tsena sekete (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft),<ref name=":1">[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mo karolong e e fa gare ya mokgatsha wa ''endorheic'' wa Sekaka sa Kalahari (Kgalagadi). Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e nand le metswedi e santseng e itsetletse.<ref name=":0"> Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 "Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting"]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a aname le mafelo a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one a nwela kwa tlase ga lefatshe kwa motsweding wa metsi a a seng boteng thata a a ka fa tlase, pele ga dimela di a monya. Bontsi jwa metsi otlhe a a gorogang mo makgobokgobong a felela a tsewa ke phefo (a mowafala) a bo a tsewa ke phefo go tswa mo dimeleng. Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km³ (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km² (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.<ref>Keen, Cecil (1997). "[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.</ref> Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.<ref>McCarthy, T. S. (1993). "The great inland deltas of Africa". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]</ref> [[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa 2013 kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].<ref>[["Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders"]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la ''bo''-sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.<ref>Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [["World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana".]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Leina == Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo leineng ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.<ref>Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html "Okavango River"]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata ''Kavango'' fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo la Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.<ref>Eckl, Andreas (2007). [["Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911"]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]] == Popego (Motheo) == === Merwalela === Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e e tlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km (750 mi) mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km^² (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo). Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke mowa o o molelo, seo se baka kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnileng gararo<ref>C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [["Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management"]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> mme e sa tlhaloganyesege go fitlhela ka ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang komelelo mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokana ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika. Makgobokgobo a ikadile, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta"]. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009.</ref> fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.<ref name=":1" /><ref>Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|"Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting"]]. ''Biodiversity & Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].</ref><ref>Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). "The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications". ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]</ref> === Go elela ga Metsi === === Letsha (Lecha) === Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. [[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]] === Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai === Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di se kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.<ref>Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 "Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress".] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]</ref> Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare se neng sa mela gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.<ref>Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm "Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]] === Chief's Island === Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.<ref>[https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ "Okavango delta Botswana | Mokoro and boating safaris"]. ''Okavango Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055446/https://okavangosafari.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020</ref> == Tsa metsi == Melatswana e tshelang Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tlholega ka bontsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e e nneleng ka go kopana ga dinoka tsa Cubango le Cuito mo Angola pele ga e elela e ralala Namibia e tsena mo Botswana. Mo go tseneng mo makgobokgobong gaufi le Mohembo, noka e kgaogana go nna melatswana e e matswakabele, fa noka e tlhatsetsang teng, matsha, ''di-swamp'' tsa se nnela-ruri tse di thusang go tshegega nngwe ya makgobokgobo a a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe a a mo gare ga mpa ya lefatshe.<ref>Wolski, P. (2003). "Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 1165–1172. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]</ref><ref>McCarthy, T.S. (2023). "Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River". ''Journal of Hydrology''. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370]].</ref> Melapo e megolo (e e ntshang metsi go tswa mo makgobokgobong) e akaretsa Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, le dinokana tsa Jao. Melapo e e bowa e anamisa metsi a merwalela a tlang le dipaka tse di farologaneng, go ralala makgobokgobo, se se bo se dira gore go nne le mafaratlhatlha a mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a a nnang a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe, le a a nnang a na le metsi a mantsi ka dinako tse dingwe, a a thusang gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.<ref>Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report (Report). OKACOM. 2009.</ref><ref name=":3">Gieske, A. (1997). "Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''193''': 214–239. [[Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.|doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.]]</ref> Mo e ka nnang 96-98% ya metsi a a tsenang mo makgobokgobong, a latlhega ka go tsewa ke phefo ga metsi le dimela (evapotranspiration), go tsena kafa tlase ga lefatshe (groundwater recharge), le go tsewa ke phefo (evaporation), fa fela karolo e nnye ya one e tswa/latlhega ka go ya le dinoka tsa Thamalakane le Boteti.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Wolski, P. (2003). "Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]</ref> == Climate (''Tlelaemete'') == [[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]] Botala jo bogolo jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e bongola; mme, ke lefelo le le nang le metsi (oasis) mo nageng e e omeletseng. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa e tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.<ref>[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm "The Okavango Delta | Botswana"]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse di bongola ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e le 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo a a mololo go ya kwa botsididing. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.<ref>[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana "Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time"]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmowane wa serame o bonale.<ref>[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta "A Year in the Okavango Delta"]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.</ref> Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e gwetlhang thata baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme komelelo e kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.<ref name=":2">UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ "OKAVANGO DELTA".] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.</ref> == Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo == [[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]] Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, sa mefutafuta ya diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm "Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.</ref> Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu di teng.<ref>Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf "Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons"] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.<ref>Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. & Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.</ref> Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],<ref>McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). "Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]</ref> phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,<ref>Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf "Status report for the cheetah in Botswana"] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.</ref> lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].<ref>Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). "Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]] Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),<ref>Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN <bdi>1-881173-70-4</bdi>.]]</ref> ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). "The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]</ref> Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.<ref>IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.</ref> Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html "Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population"]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023</ref> Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens "Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens"]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.</ref> === Ditlhapi === Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tseno di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf "The Fishes of the Okavango Delta"] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.</ref> == Dimela == Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo masikeng a le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref> Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo ''mogobeng'', tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.<ref name=":2" /> Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo matlhakoreng a melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le mo mafelong a fetang bojang jo bo tletseng metsi, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta eno e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''mogobe'' o o sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a ''mogobe'' o o kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo ''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane se se bidiwang ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.<ref>Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 "Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana"]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.</ref><ref>Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|"Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook".]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]</ref> Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka eno mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela tseno di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela tse dingwe di ka kgonang go mela. Thulaganyo e ga e botlhokwa mo go bopeng ditlhaketlhake tse di tlhamaletseng. Di ditelele e bile di ditshesane mme gantsi di obege jaaka noka e e itsoketsang ka iketlo ka gonne tota ke lotshitshi lwa tlholego la melatswana ya bogologolo ya noka e e neng ya thibelwa ke go gola ga dimela le go kgobokana ga motlhaba, mme seno sa dira gore noka e fetole tsela ya yone le gore dipota tsa bogologolo tsa dinoka di fetoge ditlhaketlhake. Ka ntlha ya go bo makgobokgobo a le bophara le ka ntlha ya motlhaba o montsi o o elelang mo go yone go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Okavango, boalo jwa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo a tlhatloga ka iketlo. Mo go nang le melapo gone gompieno, go tla nna ditlhaketlhake ''kamoso'' mme go tswa foo melapo e mesha e ka nna ya gogola ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di leng teng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090719112055/http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ "Okavango Delta – Part 2 -".] ''blog.africabespoke.com''. Archived from [http://blog.africabespoke.com/okavango-delta-part-2/ the original] on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> == Batho == [[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]] Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:<ref>[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> * [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva), * Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku), * [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei), * Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda) * Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe). Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temothuo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.<ref>[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ "Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network".] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke Basarwa (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgwa le metswedi ya dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo metsweding ya dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango kwa Angola le kwa Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana kwa karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le Noka ya Boteti.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Ba-Wayeyi<ref>[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ "Wayeyi"]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi<ref>Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x "The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana"]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa Batswana) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).<ref>Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 "Ditso Tsa Batawana"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.</ref> Ba eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-Bangwato se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo, Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong e gola thata.<ref>Morton, Barry (1997). "The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880". ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega. == Bojanala == Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa lone tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le dikete-kete le makgolokgolo ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile toropo ya [[Maun]] ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa maeto matlon a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi le maeto ka mokoro.<ref>Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf "Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana"] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago tsa tikologo ka fa o ntse o na le dituelo tse di kwa godimo tsa baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.<ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref>Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.</ref> == Melapo (water streams) == [[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]] Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogela bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo lefelong le e le molapo.<ref>kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ "June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee"]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a bolokilweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa go lema fa merwalela e kokobetse.<ref>Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017. </ref> == Matshosetsi a a ka nnang teng == Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021 di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.<ref>Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html "ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia"]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref> Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore metsi mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.<ref>[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region "A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region"]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.</ref><ref>[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ "Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout"]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk "Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk".] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</ref>ReconAfrica e boletse gore, "Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo."<ref>[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ "Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project"]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.</ref><ref>Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ "OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta"]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.</ref> Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 "FindArticles.com - CBSi".] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref> Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho, ba ba foo, le go ntshiwa ga metsi, ga ba ba mo kgaolong, kwa Angola le kwa Namibia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ "Threats - Okavango Delta"]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</ref><ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ "Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice"]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.</ref> Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (documentary) ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne e ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.<ref>[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park "OKAVANGO DELTA"]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.</ref> Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go godisa leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.<ref>Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). "Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]</ref> Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (policy) ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa mo loaping ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us "About Conservation International Botswana"]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.</ref><ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.</ref> == Bona gape == * Kalahari Basin == Metswedi == <references /> avugue421u0g5khk2695zmn7ylxzl3f 0 14245 51915 2026-06-29T12:00:47Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Goroubi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Goroubi''' ke motswedi o o kwa mojeng wa [[noka ya Niger]] kwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. E tlhatloga kwa [[Burkina Faso]] e elela kwa botlhaba, e kopana le [[noka ya Niger]] kwa [[Niger]].<ref>Shahin, Mamdouh (January 2002). [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-306-48065-4 "Hydrology and Water Resources of Africa".] p. 304. doi:[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-306-48065-4 10.1007/0-306-48065-4.] ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0866-5|<bdi>978-1-4020-0866-5</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.compositerunoff.sr.unh.edu/html/Polygons/P1234180.html "GRDC - Le Goroubi à Diongore".] Retrieved 29 June 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:River Niger Tributaries from Burkina Faso OSM.png|center|thumb]] == Popego == [[Setshwantsho:JIRCAS Goroubi Torodi II crop.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Goroubi kwa Niger]] Noka ya Goroubi e simolola kwa Burkina Faso e elelela kwa bokone-botlhaba, pele ga e ya borwa-botlhaba, e kopana le dinoka tse pedi; noka ya Digabari le noka ya Tyenitiengal kwa Burkina Faso. Ke noka e e nnang teng ka paka ya pula fela.<ref>[https://www.internationalparks.org/benin/R%C3%B4neraie%20de%20Goroubi "Rôneraie de Goroubi".] ''International Parks''. Retrieved 29 June 2026.</ref> Noka ya Goroubi e kopana le noka ya Niger dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Niamey morago ga toropokgolo Say.<ref>Ali, Ado; Manirou, Oumarou; Mahaman, Souley (December 2022). [https://www.proquest.com/docview/2747575939?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true "Analysis of the structure and ecology of Diospyros mespiliformis in the drained area of Western Niger"]. ''International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies''. Rabat. p. 332–343.</ref> == Metswedi == 82me9nbkoniu78dvkxcbh509nlo44ta 0 14246 51916 2026-06-29T12:13:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Sare 51916 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Sare''' ke letsha le le kwa bophirima jwa Kenya le le fa gare ga Motlhaba wa Yala le Letsha la Victoria. E na le bokgoni jaaka lefelo la go tlatsa gape mefuta ya ditlhapi e e setseng e le mo kotsing ya go nyelela mo Letsheng la Victoria, fela ka ntlha ya go tlhoka taolo ikholoji ya letsha e ntse e senyega ka iketlo. == Lefelo == Letsha la Sare kwa tshimologong e ne e le kgogometso mo Letsheng la Victoria kwa molomong wa Noka ya Yala kwa e neng e tswa kwa Motlhabeng wa Yala. Kgogometso e kgaotswe go tswa mo letsheng ke mosele, o o dirileng Letsha la Sare la diheketara di le makgolo a matlhano (diheketara di le 1 200) ka morwalela wa morago.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFYala_Swamp_Complex_..._BirdLife|Yala Swamp Complex ... BirdLife.]]</ref>Metsi a noka a tsena mo Letsheng la Victoria go tswa kwa Letsheng la Sare ka mosele o o kgabaganngwang ke borogo jo bo rwalang tsela e kgolo ya lebopo ya C27 ​​go bapa le tsela ya Goye.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFRelation:_Yala_(8873639)|Relation: Yala (8873639)]]</ref><ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFGichukiMaithyaMasai2005|Gichuki, Maithya & Masai 2005, p.]] 341.</ref> Letsha la Sare le dikologilwe ke mafelo a a nang le papyrus, a a kopanang le a a bidiwang Mogobe wa Yala .<ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFLake_Sare_..._Siaya_County|Lake Sare ... Siaya County.]]</ref> Letsha le ga le tshegetse kgwebo ya go thaya ditlhapi ka ntlha ya go tlhoka taolo, le fa seno se ka fetoga.<ref name=":0">[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFMaithyaAbila2014|Maithya & Abila 2014]]</ref> Ka go golaganya ga yone ka tlhamalalo le Letsha la Victoria, e botlhokwa mo go sireletseng diphedi tsa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Letsha la Victoria. <ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFGichukiMaithyaMasai2005|Gichuki, Maithya & Masai 2005,]] p. 340.</ref>E na le bokgoni jwa go nna lefelo la go godisa mefuta ya ditlhapi tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela pele di fudugela kwa Letsheng la Victoria. <ref name=":0" /> == Tikologo == Pego ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe e ne ya bolela gore metsi a a elelang mo Letsheng la Sare a ile a sefiwa ke motlhaba mme a tshotse dikotla di le mmalwa le dilo tse dinnye tse di emisitsweng. Metsi a na le go tsamaisa ga 120–130μS/cm le pH ya 7.6, ka 7–9 mg ya okosejene ka litara motshegare. Kgaolo e e kwa tlase e ne e khurumeditswe ka matlakala a papyrus, ka mafelo a le mmalwa a mmu kgotsa letlapa. E ne e le legae la di-nematode tse di epang, di-ntshi tsa may, di-ntshi tsa di-dragon le di-oligochaeta tsa motlhaba, bogolosegolo mefuta ya Alma emini le Limnodrilus.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFNjugunaHoward1992|Njuguna & Howard 1992,]] p. 31.</ref> Letsha le ne le sa ntshe dipoelo tse dintsi go ya ka limnology, ka kitlano e e kwa tlase thata ya phytoplankton le zooplankton mo kholomong ya metsi a a sa duelelweng fa e bapisiwa le [[Letsha la Victoria|Letsha la Victoria.]]<ref>[[:en:Lake_Sare#CITEREFNjugunaHoward1992|Njuguna & Howard 1992,]] p. 32</ref> == Metswedi == 7118bwrhyhyyx8gka202v5mbgrlt1qx 0 14247 51917 2026-06-29T12:25:02Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Rio Grande de Buba #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51917 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:DSC 6003 Rio Buba, Quinara , Guiné-Bissau.jpg|thumb|Rio Buba]] '''Noka ya Rio Grande de Buba''', e gape e bidiwang '''Rio Buba''', '''Rio Grande''' le '''noka ya Grande''', ke noka<ref>George E. Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers: Ecology, Society, and Trade in Western Africa, 1000-1630'' (Westview Press, 1993; ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0813312620|0813312620]]</bdi>), p. 265: "The Grande River is not properly a river but a drowned estuary captured by the sea, into which flow insignificant streams; the sandbanks and strong tides and currents there are navigational hazards for seamen."</ref> ya bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] e e kwa [[Guinea-Bissau]], kwa e tshelang mo lewatleng la Atlantic. E dikhilomithara di le masome a matlhano le bone ka boleele le dikhilomithara di le nne ka bophara jwa molomo wa yone.<ref>Hendrik A. Van der Linde and Melissa H. Danskin (eds.), ''Enhancing Sustainability: Resources for Our Future : Proceedings of a Workshop Held at the World Conservation Congress Organised by the Sustainable Use Initiative, 17–20 October 1996, Montreal, Canada'' (IUCN, 1998: ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/2831704278|2831704278]]</bdi>), p. 63.</ref> Ke tikologo e e bonwang fela kwa bophrima jwa Aforika, e e senang sekai se sengwe sa lewatle le le tsenelelang, le boteng jwa dimithara di le masome a mararo, dimela tsa yone di mefuta ebile di nonne.<ref>Van der Linde and Danskin, ''Enhancing Sustainability'', p. 63.</ref> Noka ya Grande e ne e le botlhokwa mo kgwebong ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borataro<ref>Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers'', p. 269: "[Francisco de Andrade] stated [in January 1582] that, at times, there were twenty to thirty vessels trading in the Grande River for captives, ivory, and gold."</ref>, mme se se ne sa fetoga: bagwebi ba Biafada le Mandinka fa [[Noka ya Geba|nokeng ya Geba]] ba ne ba bona dipoelo mo go yeng tlase ga kgwebo ya noka ya Grande ka barekisi ba Bijago ba ne ba kgaupetsa kgwebo ya Biafada le lancado gape ba kgokgontsha batho ba Biafada ba ba neng ba nna fa nokeng.<ref>Brooks, ''Landlords and Strangers'', p. 272.</ref> == Metswedi == qmwc6tvbmsnrlwktaf2m7ne3rgjyx1v 0 14248 51918 2026-06-29T12:27:39Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lekadiba la Gaet'ale 51918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lekgadiba la Gaet'ale''' ke lekadiba le le nnye le le nang le letswai le le tseneletseng le le gaufi le khuti ya Dallol kwa Danakil Depression (Afar Region, Ethiopia). E kwa godimo ga motswedi wa metsi a a bolelo a a tswang mo matlapeng mme ga go na melatswana e e bonalang e e tsenang le e e tswang mo go yone. Metsi a lekadi ba la Gaet'ale a na le letswai la 43%, mme seno se dira gore e nne metsi a a letswai go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":0">Perez, Eduardo; Chebude, Yonas (April 2017). "Chemical Analysis of Gaet'ale, a Hypersaline Pond in Danakil Depression (Ethiopia): New Record for the Most Saline Body of Water on Earth". ''Aquatic Geochemistry''. '''23''' (2): 109–117. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z|10.1007/s10498-017-9312-z.]]</ref> == Lefelo le a tswang kwa go lone == Gaet'ale Pond ke letamo le legolo go feta a mangwe a mannye a a leng dikilometara di ka nna 4 (2.5 mi) borwabotlhaba jwa Dallol Springs. E na le sebopego sa ngwedi o o dikologang ka bophara jwa dimetara di ka nna masome a marataro. Go ya ka banni ba motse o o gaufi wa Ahmed'ela, thoromo ya lefatshe ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano e ne ya dira gore motswedi wa metsi a a molelo o nne teng gape mme go ne ga dirwa letamo leno. <ref>Master, Sharad (2016). [https://appliedvolc.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13617-015-0042-x "Gaet'ale - a reactivated thermal spring and potential tourist hazard in the Asale salt flats, Danakil Depression, Ethiopia".] ''Journal of Applied Volcanology''. '''5''': 1–9. doi:10.1186/s13617-015-0042-x. Retrieved 15 May 2020.</ref>Ka lebaka le, themperetšha ya yone ya 50 ⁇ 55 °C (122 ⁇ 131 °F) e mogote go feta tikologo.<ref>Fox-Skelly, Jasmin (4 August 2017). [https://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170803-in-earths-hottest-place-life-has-been-found-in-pure-acid "In Earth's hottest place, life has been found in pure acid".] ''BBC Future''. Retrieved 27 March 2018.</ref> == Popego ya metsi == Matswai a a mo metsing a Letamo la Gaet’ale a bopilwe thata ke khalesiamo tleloraete ka 2.72 mol/kg le magenesiamo tleloraete ka 1.43 mol/kg. Gape e na le selekanyo se sennye sa Na+, K+ le NO− 2 diaeone. Palogotlhe ya diteng tsa dilo tse di tiileng tse di tswakilweng ke 433 g/kg, kgotsa 43.3%. Gape e na le metlhala ya tshipi(III) e e bopang motswako le chloride, e e nayang metsi mmala o o tlwaelegileng wa bosetlha.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 9hb4uxk2cz3ym3yofm3gymrbj75r58p 0 14249 51919 2026-06-29T12:38:14Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ziz #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Ziz|image_name=Ziz river (js).jpg|image_map=Daoura OSM.png|map_caption=Noka ya Ziz mo mafaratlhatlheng a noka ya Daoura|basin_countries=[[Morocco]] [[Algeria]]|mouth=Sekaka sa Algeria|length_km=282}} '''Noka ya Ziz'''<ref>[https://www.hespress.com/%d9%85%d8%b7%d8%b9%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%8f%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%b3%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b2-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%ac%d8%ad-339850.html "مطعم يُحوّل حياة سكان "وادي زيز" إلى جحيم".] ''Hespress'' (in Arabic). Retrieved 2026-06-29</ref> ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Morocco]] le [[Algeria]]. E na le motswedi kwa dithabeng tsa High Atlas kwa Morocco, e elela dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabobedi le bobedi go ya kwa [[Sekaka sa Sahara|sekakeng sa Sahara]] kwa Algeria. Le ntswa go elela ga metsi mo moalong wa noka ya Ziz go sa diragale ka dinako tsotlhe, metsi a yone a tswa bogologolong a dirisediwa go tsamaisa batho mo kgaolong e e dithaba. Ditoropo tse di mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Ziz di akaretsa Errachidia, Erfoud le Sijilmassa. Go na le letamo (letamo la Hassan Ad Dakhil) mo nokeng ya Ziz gaufi le Errachidia,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080616073532/http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-657631/Ziz "Ziz River".] ''Encyclopædia Britannica on line''. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-657631/Ziz the original] on 2008-06-16. Retrieved 2026-06-29</ref> le le isang metsi a a nowang le a a nosetsang kwa mokgatsheng, go na le matangwana a le mmalwa kwa tlase a a thusang mo go tsa temothuo. == Ditshwanelo tsa metsi == Mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Ziz go na le molao o o tlwaelesegileng, kwa motse mongwe le mongwe le motho mongwe le mongwe wa motse a nang le tshwanelo ya tiriso le go ga metsi a noka ya Ziz. Metsi a faposiwa kwa mafelong a a bophara go dira mosele o o nosetsang ditlhare tsa palm le dijalo tse dingwe ga mmog le go isa metsi kwa maageng. == Metswedi == 31gqi6ngorlc9qpu39velrp3r0bs0sg 0 14250 51920 2026-06-29T12:50:50Z JudithShe 9421 ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Baht #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Oued beht KHEMISSET.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Baht]] [[Setshwantsho:Sebou Bassin OSM.png|thumb|Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Sebou]] le noka ya Baht (kwa tlase mo molemeng)]] '''Noka ya Bah'''t ke noka kwa [[Morocco]] e e leng motswedi wa [[noka ya Sebou]]. E itsege gape ka leina la '''Oued Beht''', noka e, e tlhatloga kwa dithabeng tsa Atlas kwa legareng.<ref>Mohammed Hammam, Jāmiʻat Muḥammad al-Khāmis. Kullīyat al-Ādāb wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah. 1995</ref> Noka ya Baht e na le [[letamo la El Kansera]] la nosetso dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi kwa borwa jwa Sidi Slimane.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20131205043102/http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&Id=80&ID_PAGE=192 El Kansera"].Ministère de l'Energie, des Mines, de l'Eau et de l'Environnement- Département de l'Eau. Archived from [http://www.water.gov.ma/index.cfm?gen=true&Id=80&ID_PAGE=192 the original] on 2013-12-05. Retrieved 2026-06-29</ref> == Ditso == Kwa godimo ga metsi kwa legare la dithaba tsa Atlas ke mofuta wa ditshwene tse di gomagomediwang ke go nyelela wa Barbary macaque, tse mo ditsong di neng di le dintsi thata kwa bokone jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Noka ya Ouergha]] == Metswedi == 2ci2qti11anleaxmcatz3ydzxxrp9m7 0 14251 51921 2026-06-29T12:53:12Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Boali 51921 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Boali]] '''Boali''' e nnile toropokgolo ya porofense ya Ombella-M'Poko kwa [[Central African Republic]] ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ele lesome,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi morago ga gore toropokgolo ya maloba ya Bimbo e tsenngwe mo porofenseng ya Bangui. <ref>Oubangui Médias, Oubangui Médias. [https://oubanguimedias.com/2020/12/11/la-centrafrique-dispose-desormais-de-20-prefectures-et-de-84-sous-prefectures/ "La Centrafrique dispose désormais de 20 préfectures et de 84 sous-préfectures".] ''oubanguimedias.com''. Oubangi Medias. Retrieved 27 May 2023.</ref> Boali e mo tseleng ya National Highway 1 (RN1),<ref>[http://www.banguiweb.com/les_chutes_de_boali-sites_touristiques-0-2-106-0-rubrique.html "Les Chutes de Boali".] ''BanguiWeb''. Retrieved 2013-03-24.</ref> dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo kwa bokonebophirima jwa motsemoshate, [[Bangui]].<ref>O'Toole, Thomas (1986). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vIowAQAAIAAJ ''The Central African Republic The Continent's Hidden Heart''.] Westview Press. p. 123.</ref>Tsela e e katisitswe go fitlha kwa Bossembélé koo karolo e e katisitsweng e nnang RN3 go ya kwa Bouar le [[Cameroon]] fa RN1 e tswelela go ya kwa Bossangoa, mme kwa bofelong e ya kwa [[Chad]].<ref name=":0">Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2010). "Chutes de Boali". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xApEDxFrUR8C&pg=PA110 République Centrafricaine 2010-11]''. Petit Futé. p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2746926075|<bdi>2746926075</bdi>.]]</ref> E re ka Boali e le mo Nokeng ya Mbali, e itsege ka diphororo tsa yone le go nna le madirelo a motlakase wa metsi gaufi le yone. Diphororo tsa Boali di bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano (820 ft) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a matlhano (160 ft), mme ke lefelo le le ratwang thata ke bajanala. <ref name=":0" /> Diyuniti tse pedi tsa Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Boali, Boali I le Boali II, di kwa tlase ga diphororo. Di na le maatla a a kopantsweng a go tlhagisa motlakase wa dimekawate di le 18,65 mme di tsamaisiwa ke setlamo sa puso sa Enerca.<ref name=":1">Kalck, Pierre (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tbDFlvQeps0C&pg=PA70 ''Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic Third Edition''.] Scarecrow Press. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0810849135|<bdi>0810849135</bdi>.]]</ref> Go wediwa ga Boali I ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano go ne ga rotloetsa ditlhabololo tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa madirelo mo toropong, go akarediwa le madirelo a ntlha a masela a naga, a a simolotseng go dira ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone . <ref>Singh, Daleep (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-3sv3OSgeLkC&pg=PA201 Francophone Africa, 1905-2005 A Century of Economic and Social Change]''. Allied Publishers. p. 201. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/8184242581|<bdi>8184242581</bdi>.]]</ref> Motlakase wa metsi wa Boali o tlamela motse-mogolo le metse e mengwe e le lesome le boraro ka motlakase.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 9blqb0u0cyl939fi2zxxxjv56ihawpv 0 14252 51922 2026-06-29T13:28:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Wli 51922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Wli Lower Fall-4.jpg|thumb|Wli]] '''Diphororo''' '''tsa Wli''' ke phororo e e kwa godimo go gaisa kwa [[Ghana]] le e e kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bophirima. <ref>[http://www.modernghana.com/news/329381/1/wli-waterfall-a-tourist-attraction-worth-visiting.html "Wli Waterfall: A Tourist Attraction Worth Visiting".] Modern Ghan. Retrieved 21 August 2013.</ref>E na le karolo e e kwa tlase le e e kwa godimo. == Lefelo == Phororo ya Wli e dikilometara di le masome a mabedi go tswa Hohoe mo Volta Region ya Ghana. <ref>[https://easytrackghana.com/tour-ghana_waterfalls.php "Waterfalls of Ghana"]. easytrackghana. Retrieved 21 August 2013.</ref> === Lefelo: === Diphororo tsa metsi tsa Wli di na le diphororo tse pedi tse dikgolo: phororo e e kwa godimo, e e welang kwa tlase ka dimetara di ka nna masome a robabobedi, le phororo e e kwa tlase, e e nang le Gedrop ya dimetara di ka nna masome a marataro le botlhano.<ref>[https://www.ghanatourism.gov.gh/attractions/wli-waterfalls "Wli Waterfalls".] ''Ghana Tourism Authority''. Retrieved 2026-06-19.</ref> Diphororo di bopilwe ke Noka ya Agumatsa, e e elelang mo godimo ga lekgwamolelo le le dirilweng ka matlapa a motlhaba le matlapa a shale a dithaba tsa Akwapim-Togo. Noka e e elela ka dipaka tse di farologaneng, mme e na le metsi a mantsi thata ka paka ya dipula go tloga ka Motsheganong go fitlha ka Diphalane, fa paka ya komelelo (Ngwanatsele go fitlha ka Mopitlwe) e na le metsi a a phepa le go nna motlhofo go tsena mo go one. <ref>[https://www.lonelyplanet.com/ghana/volta-region/wli-waterfalls "Wli Waterfalls"]. ''Lonely Planet''. Retrieved 2026-06-19.</ref> == Tikologo ya tlholego == === Diphologolo tsa naga === Go tsamaya mo sekgweng sa lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga la Agumatsa go go naya tshono ya go bona setlhopha se segolo sa bommamathwane ba maungo, dirurubele, dinonyane, ditshwene le di-baboon.<ref name=":0">[https://independent-travellers.com/ghana/wli_waterfalls/ "Photographs of Wli waterfalls in Ghana".] ''Independent Travellers''. independent-travellers.com. Retrieved 7 April 2016.</ref> === Bats === Setlhopha se segolo sa bommamathwane se ka bonwa se itshwareletse mo mafikeng mme se fofa mo loaping. <ref name=":0" /> == Ditso == Diphororo tsa metsi tsa Wli ke diphororo tsa metsi tse di kwa godimo go gaisa mo Afrika Bophirima tse di kwa Ghana.<ref>[http://www.bridgingdevelopment.org/expeditnpages/sites/wli.htm "Wli Waterfalls".] ''www.bridgingdevelopment.org''. Retrieved 2017-04-06.</ref> Diphororo tseno di itsege mo lefelong leno e le diphororo tsa metsi tsa Agoomatsa - mo go rayang, "Ntetle ke Tshele". E mo mmasepaleng wa Hohoe wa [[Kgaolo ya Volta]], e leng naga ya setso sa Ba-Ewe. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi go tswa kwa motsemoshate wa Accra. E ne ya bonwa ke setlhopha sa batsomi ba ba neng ba akanya gore modumo wa diphororo e ne e le wa moropa o o buang mme ba tabogela kwa modumong oo mme ba fitlhela e le phororo. == Metswedi == 27ymqvmh6x1gzmygdeti5v2v3fe84v5 0 14253 51923 2026-06-29T13:34:49Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ouergha #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sebou Bassin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Sebou le noka ya Ouergha]] '''Noka ya Ouergha''' kgotsa '''Oued Ouerrha''', ke motswedi wa metsi kwa [[Morocco]] o o tshelang kwa [[Noka ya Sebou|nokeng ya Sebou]]. == Ditso == Noka ya Ouergha e ne e le lefelo la ntwa ya botlhokwa ka ngwaga wa 1925, kwa batho ba [[France]] ba neng ba dira maiteko a go tlhasela Rif. Le fa go ntse jalo, le ntswa ba ne ba na le sesole se se marapo, masole a France a ne a seka a fenya bokopano jwa merafe ya Rifian Berber. == Ditso tsa tlholo == Kwa godimo ga noka kwa dithabeng tsa Atlas kwa gare ke ditshwene tse di gomagomediwang ke go nyelela tsa Barbary macaque, tse pele di neng di le dintsi thata kwa bokone jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090831095518/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757 ''Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Noka ya Baht]] == Metswedi == j2q5awca9t084m28itdtddglq0jr042 0 14254 51924 2026-06-29T13:38:16Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Derna 51924 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Derna waterfalls 1.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Derna]] '''Diphororo tsa Derna''' (Arabic) ke phororo ya metsi a a foreshe mo [[dithabeng tsa Jebel Akhdar]], kwa borwa jwa toropo ya Derna, kwa kgaolong ya bokone jwa Cyrenaica kwa botlhaba jwa Libya. Diphororo tseno di na le boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna masome a mabedi. Di dikilometara di ka nna supa go tswa mo bogareng jwa Derna, mo Kgaolong ya Derna.<ref>Alex Olorenshaw; Faisal Ali; Harvey Symons; Glenn Swann (2023-09-12)[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/12/destruction-in-derna-how-floods-ravaged-libyan-port-city . "Destruction in Derna: how floods ravaged Libyan port city".] ''www.theguardian.com''. Retrieved 2023-09-14.</ref> Di mo lotshitshing lo lo siameng lwa noka ya setlha kwa e kopanelang teng le Wadi Derna. <ref>[https://www.openstreetmap.org/search?query=Derna%20waterfalls#map=15/32.7177/22.6139&layers=Y "Derna waterfalls"]. ''www.openstreetmap.org''. Retrieved 2023-09-19.</ref> == Metswedi == jyaqolz5ok8pte18f2t2z0dk1hz8iz7 0 14255 51925 2026-06-29T13:42:49Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Massa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Massa|image_name=Massa River Sidi Rabat Morocco Oct25 A7CR 08049.jpg|basin_countries=[[Morocco]]|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic}} '''Noka ya Massa''' ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Morocco]] kwa kgaolong ya Sous. E simologa kwa dithabeng tsa Ant-Atlas e elelela kwa bokone-bophirima e felela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic kwa Sidi R'bat morago ga go elela go ralala Souss-Massa National Park. == Letamo la Yusuf Ibn Tashfin == [[Setshwantsho:Oued-Massa-barrage.JPG|left|thumb|Letamo la Yusuf Ibn Tashfin]] [[Setshwantsho:Delta Massa Sidi Rabat Morocco Oct25 A7CR 08025.jpg|left|thumb|Makgobokgobo a Massa kwa Sidi R'bat]] [[Setshwantsho:Pair Greater Flamingo Bent Souss Massa Oct25 A7CR 08302.jpg|left|thumb|Dinonyane tsa Flamingo di le kwa Massa]] Le agilwe ka 1972, letamo la Yusuf Ibn Tashfin ke letamo la boremelelo kwa nokeng ya Massa. == Metswedi == ad7i2a99m2avso2zz6s88bibmokyay9 0 14256 51926 2026-06-29T13:45:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Mandraka 51926 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphororo tsa Mandraka''' ke setlhopha se sennye sa diphororo tse di mo Nokeng ya Mandraka, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a marataro le botlhano go tswa kwa Antananarivo, motsemogolo wa [[Madagascar]]. Go wa ga tsone gotlhe ke dimitara di ka nna masome a mararo fela (98 ft).<ref>Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. United States of America: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. p. 229. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-89577-087-3|<bdi>0-89577-087-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Diphororo di dirisiwa jaaka motswedi wa maatla a motlakase wa metsi a [[Letamo la Mandraka]], mme seteišene sa motlakase koo se ntse se tlamelwa ke [[Letamo la Mantasoa]] fa e sale ka sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borataro.<ref>M. Aldegheri (1972). [https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_30-30/32882.pdf "Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar"] (PDF). Retrieved 2008-08-27.</ref> == Metswedi == b8me2mbvv3shhcuai5vlvth2lehwaqy 0 14257 51927 2026-06-29T13:49:06Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya oued Ksob #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Oued Ksob|image_name=Oued Ksob Bridge.jpg|caption=Borogo go kgabaganya Oued Ksob|basin_countries=[[Morocco]]}} '''Oued Ksob''' ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa [[Morocco]] e e tshelang kwa lewatleng la Atlantic mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa jwa toropokgolo [[Essaouira]]<ref>C.Michael Hogan, [https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=17926 "Mogador: promontory fort"], ''The Megalithic Portal'', November 2, 2007.</ref> le kwa bokone jwa motse wa [[Diabat]]. Molomo wa noka, ga mmogo le ditlhaketlhake tsa Iles Purpuraires, di itsege ka mefuta e e sa tlwaelesegang ya segodi.<ref>[https://www.macaulaylibrary.org/ Internet Bird Collection: sighting of Eleonora's Falcon] 2007</ref> Kwa borwa jwa molomo wa Ksob ke kago e e kwa godimo e e itsegeng ka leina la Bordj El Berod. == Metswedi == lubtsgu17uv2enr5yyzne71v7bmrl33 0 14258 51928 2026-06-29T13:54:11Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Noun #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51928 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:DAVIDSON(1839) p014 WADNOON.jpg|thumb|Wadnoon kgotsa Wadi Noun (1837) kwa nokeng ya Noun]] '''Noka ya Noun''' kgotsa '''Wad Noun''' ke noka e e kwa [[Morocco]] gape e le motswedi wa sennela ruri wa kwa borwa jwa lefatshe. E dikhilomithara di le masome a supa kwa bokone jwa [[noka ya Draa]], e elelela kwa borwa-bophirima e simolola kwa dithabeng tsa Anti-Atlas, e feta kwa borwa jwa Guelmim e kopana le lewatle la Atlantic kwa Foum Asaca kwa kgaolong ya Sbouya.<ref>Robert Rézette (1975). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=jyw6QbFX7HcC&redir_esc=y The Western Sahara and the Frontiers of Morocco]''. p. 54.</ref><ref>Eric Heinze, M. Fitzmaurice (1998). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=2uHRcZXMtgoC&redir_esc=y Landmark cases in public international law]''. p. 107.</ref> == Metswedi == km2mdjhi4cdgfv0l0gflwj3es19yvoy 0 14259 51929 2026-06-29T14:01:14Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Rio de Oro #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51929 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Desembocadura del Río de Oro en Melilla.jpg|thumb|Molomo wa Rio de Oro kwa Melilla]] '''Noka ya Rìo de Oro''' (noka ya gouta)<ref>[https://elfarodemelilla.es/rio-de-oro-el-rio-de-melilla/ "Río de Oro, el río de Melilla"] (in Spanish). 2022-11-13. Retrieved 2026-06-29.</ref> ke noka e e elelelang kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Morocco]] go fitlha kwa [[Lewatle la Mediterranean|lewatleng la Mediterranean]] kwa maemelong a dikepe tsa kagolo ya [[Spain]] kwa Melilla. == Metswedi == mbodjh9glmg6bdremyxpjqi23n60yre 0 14260 51930 2026-06-29T14:07:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Galetti #AWC2206 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Galetti|basin_countries=[[Ethiopia]]|location=gaufi le Dader|mouth=Noka ya Ramis|elevation_m=855|length_km=129|river_system=Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Jubba]]}} '''Noka ya Galetti''' ke noka e e kwa botlhaba jwa [[Ethiopia]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Ramis]], e yone e tshelang kwa [[Noka ya Shebelle|nokeng ya Shebelle]] e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a supa, lesome le bone.<ref>[https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-major-rivers-of-ethiopia.html "Major Rivers Of Ethiopia".] ''World Atlas''. September 22, 2016. Archived from the original on October 17, 2016. Retrieved 29 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 9mymjax8gtgbbkjx8s3t0qdq9sp7rjn 0 14261 51931 2026-06-29T16:34:23Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Mzimvubu 51931 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:IY188 pg018 THE MOUTH OF THE UMZIMVUBU 'GATES' OF ST JOHN'S RIVER, NATAL.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Mzimvubu]] '''Noka ya Mzimvubu''' kgotsa Noka ya Umzimvubu ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di botlhokwa thata mo [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa "myfundi.co.za".] ''myfundi.co.za''</ref>E mo motsaneng wa Kapa Botlhaba. == Tsela == Noka e simologa kwa kgaolong e e kwa bokone jwa Kapa Botlhaba, kwa kgaolong ya Matatiele le Thaba ya Fletcher gaufi le molelwane wa Lesotho. Noka ya Mzimvubu e elela ka tsela e e itsoketsang le e e retologang ka kakaretso go ya ntlheng ya borwabotlhaba mme e tshologela mo Lewatleng la India ka mokgatšha o o kgatlhang o o itsegeng e le "Dikgoro tsa St John" go tsena mo molomong wa noka o o kwa Port St. Ba-John. E boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mane mme e na le kgaolo e e nang le metsi ya dikilometara di le 19,853.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081227032746/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverECMzimvubu/defaultmain.htm "vn Rivers - Mzimvubu river".] Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2012</ref> Le mororo e le nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tsa Afrika Borwa, Mzimvubu le mokgatšha wa yone ga di ise di tlhabololwe go le kalo. Ga jaana noka eno ke karolo ya Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma Water Management Area.<ref>Kapfudzaruwa, Farai; Sowman, Merle (13 October 2009). "[https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?".] ''Water SA''. '''35''' (5): 683–692. doi:10.4314/wsa.v35i5.49195 – via SciELO.</ref> == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a mararo le botlhano (1635) sekepe sa Sepotokisi sa 'Nossa Senhora de Belem' se ne sa kgweetsa kwa molomong wa Noka ya Mzimvubu.<ref>[http://www.mpondokingdom.co.za/history.html Mpondo Kingdom - The History of The Kingdom] Archived 2013-07-04 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Noka ya Mzimvubu e kgaoganya [[Pondoland]] go nna Pondoland ya Botlhaba le Bophirima. <ref>[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]</ref>Pele molomo wa noka o ne o diriswa jaaka boemakepe, fela tiro e e ne ya tlogelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940) fa molomo wa noka o ne o sa tsenelela thata mo dikepeng tse dikgolo ka ntlha ya go khurumela le ntlha ya gore tsela ya go tsena e a tle e thibelwe ke motlhaba. Ga jaana noka eno e tsamaya fela ka dikepe tse dinnye mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le lesome go ya kwa godimo ga noka.<ref>van der Merwe, E. and Costello, K. ''Port St. Johns, "Paradise in Pondoland" (2nd edition)''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzimvubu_River#cite_note-Paradise-7]</ref> == Dithuso == Dinoka tse di kgolo tsa Noka ya Mzimvubu ke Noka ya Tsitsa, Noka ya Thina (Tina), Noka ya Kinira le Noka ya Mzintlava.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> == Tikologo == Dingwe tsa ditlhapi tse di tshwarwang mo metsing a yone ke Oncorhynchus mykiss, mofuta o o tsentsweng, Barbus anoplus le Anguilla mossambica; tse dingwe, jaaka Micropterus salmoides le Cyprinus carpio, ke mefuta e e tlhaselang.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/froc.asp FROC - Reference frequency of occurrence of fish species in South Africa]</ref> Ditshaka tse di bidiwang di-bull shark di nna mo metsing mme di itsege ka go tsadisa mo nokeng e bile di amanngwa le tlhaselo e ntsi mo mabopong a a gaufi.<ref>Costello, John (4 September 2023). [https://thesardine.co.za/sharks-and-sound-at-port-st-johns-second-beach/ "Sharks and Sound at Port St Johns Second Beach"]</ref> Maiteko a go laola metsi a a mo nokeng a akaretsa lenaneo la Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme, le le tlhomilweng ke Environmental and Rural Solutions and Conservation South Africa.<ref>[https://wwfafrica.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/umzimvubu-wsp-factsheet.pdf?54825%2Fumzimvubu-catchment-partnership= Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership] (PDF) (Report). WWF South Africa.</ref><ref>[https://biodiversityinvestment.environment.gov.za/umzimvubu-catchment-partnership-programme "Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme".] ''Biodiversity Sector Investment Portal''. South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment.</ref>11][12] == Metswedi == 6j2hq03endd263ouorc0umrzesvtp35 0 14262 51932 2026-06-29T16:52:30Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Matandu 51932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Matandu''' e kwa bokone jwa Lindi Region, lefatshe la [[Tanzania]]. E simologa kwa Mkutano ward mo Kgaolong ya Liwale mme e elela mo Lewatleng la India mo lotshitshing lwa Kilwa Kivinje ward mo Kgaolong ya Kilwa. Noka eno ke noka ya bobedi e kgolo le e telele mo kgaolong ya Lindi.<ref>"Matandu profile". Retrieved 2022-03-29.</ref><ref>"Matandu River". Retrieved 2022-03-29.[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X20301515]</ref> == Metswedi == 77bdw9mq1vcvrrajexs6j58sanp9rqv 0 14263 51933 2026-06-29T17:02:17Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Manampatrana 51933 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Fleuve du Manampatrana.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Manampatrana]] '''Manampatrana''' ke noka e e mo kgaolong ya Atsimo-Atsinanana kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Madagascar. E na le metswedi ya yone mo Andringitra Massif mme e elela mo Lewatleng la India kwa bokone jwa Farafangana.<ref>[https://www.ephemeroptera-galactica.com/pubs/pub_e/pubelouardj2001p1.pdf BIODIVERSITE ET BIOTYPOLOGIE DES EAUX CONTINENTALES DE MADAGASCAR]</ref> == Metswedi == h4x0nn9a3aub6vrjldvo8gkmcpii9y5 0 14264 51934 2026-06-29T17:12:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Sambirano 51934 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Sambirano''' ke noka e e kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Madagascar]] mo kgaolong ya Diana. E tswa kwa setlhoeng sa Maromokotra mme e elela go ralala Tsaratanana Reserve go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Delta ya yone e bogolo jwa 250 km2. Ecosystem ya noka, bogolo jang dikgwa le brushland, e na le mefuta e le mentsi ya ditshedi, jaaka Sambirano mouse lemur le Sambirano woolly lemur.<ref>Kennerley, Peter; Pearson, David (15 September 2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=-EbjzHc_T0UC&pg=PA528 ''Reed and Bush Warblers''. A&C Black]. p. 528. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7136-6022-7</bdi>. Retrieved 8 January 2013.</ref> Dikgwa tse di omileng tsa Madagascar tse di nang le matlhare a a welang di nna mo karolong e kgolo ya noka, le fa go na le di-mangroves tse di bonalang mo dikarolong tsa lotshitshi. <ref>World Wildlife Fund, C. Michael Hogan. 2010. ''Madagascar dry deciduous forests''. eds. Sahotra Sarkar & Mark McGinley. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC. rev. 2013</ref> Mokgatšha wa Sambirano ke lefelo le legolo le le ntshang cocoa kwa lefatsheng la [[Madagascar]]. 60% (kgotsa ditone di le Sa supa le dikete tse supa le makgolo a matlhano (7500) go ya go di le dikete tse lesome (10 000 ka ngwaga) di tswa mo lefelong leno. Go na le tsela e e sa dirwang ya go tswa kwa Ambanja go ya kwa Marovato, ka Benavony, Ambodimanga Ramena, Bemaneviky Ouest, Maevatanana e e sa kgoneng go dirisiwa. <ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/165771531380104866/pdf/PAR-Piste-Haut-Sambirano-Final.pdf PAR-Piste-Haut-Sambirano-Final.pdf]</ref>Ka jalo, bontsi jwa koko e e romelwang kwa dinageng di sele e tsamaisiwa ka mekoro mo nokeng ya Sambirano go ya kwa Ambanja le mo tseleng ya Bosetšhaba 6. == Metswedi == ip4fu6u4kxlujodixe8tjdloque7jmi 0 14265 51935 2026-06-29T17:21:53Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Sinoe 51935 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Sinoe''' ke noka ya Liberia e e leng mo kgaolong ya Sinoe. E wela mo Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa botlhaba jwa Greenville kwa 4°59′37′′N 9°02′12′′W.<ref>[http://www.mapplanet.com/?do=loc&country=LI&adm1=10&loc=4270038 "Sinoe River".] MapPlanet. Retrieved 2008-08-02.</ref>Noka e bopa molelwane wa bophirima wa Sapo National Park.<ref>Riley, Laura & William Riley (2005). [[iarchive:bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC|''Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves''.]] Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 92. ISBN <bdi>978-0-691-12219-9</bdi>. Retrieved 2008-08-02. <q>Sapo National Park.</q></ref><ref>[http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/lbr61869.pdf "An Act for the extension of the Sapo National Park"] (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2003-10-24. Retrieved 2007-12-11.</ref> == Metswedi == ax37j3j5f8of8gktgegzdxebdiwlrmg 0 14266 51936 2026-06-29T17:37:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Pangani 51936 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Pangani''' (Mto Pangani, ka Seswahili), (e gape e bidiwang Luffu le Jipe Ruvu, segolo thata mo metsweding ya bogologolo, mme gongwe e kile ya bidiwa Rhaptus) ke noka e kgolo kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa lefatshe la [[Tanzania]]. E na le metswedi e megolo e le mebedi:<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141011083932/http://www.ub.bildarchiv-dkg.uni-frankfurt.de/Bildprojekt/Lexikon/php/suche_db.php?suchname=Pangani "Entry "Pangani" in the German Koloniallexikon"]. Archived from the original on 2014-10-11. Retrieved 2011-12-10.</ref>Ruvu, e e tlhatlogang e le Lumi kwa Kilimanjaro, e feta ka letsha la Jipe, mme e tshologela kwa Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir, le Noka ya Kikuletwa, e e tswang kwa bophirima mme e fepiwa thata ke dinoka tsa Thaba ya Meru kwa Kgaolong ya Arusha, e e tsenang gape kwa Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir kwa Kgaolong ya Kilimanjaro. Fela fa e sena go tswa mo letamong la metsi, noka e nna noka e kgolo ya Pangani, e e tshologelang mo Lewatleng la India kwa Kgaolong ya Tanga kwa toropong ya Pangani ya boemakepe jwa Tangan.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rhYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA93 THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCER]'' (Now in the public domain. ed.). 1852. pp. 93–. Retrieved 8 October 2011.</ref> Mo karolong e kgolo ya boleele jwa yone noka e elela go bapa le melelwane ya kgaolo ya Kilimanjaro le kgaolo ya Manyara, pele e elela go tsena mo Kgaolong ya Tanga, e e nang le Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Pangani sa 68 MW le Letamo la Diphororo tsa Pangani. Go na le ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa tse di nang le batho mo nokeng eno. Noka eno e tletse dikwena; dinonyane tsa naga ga di bonwe thata mo dikarolong tsa yone tse di kwa tlase. == Letshwao == Motswedi wa konokono wa Pangani o tswa kwa Kilimandjaro, koo e leng Noka ya Lumi.<ref>Meyer, Hans (1891). [[iarchive:acrosseastafric00meyegoog|''Across East African glaciers: an account of the first ascent of Kilimanjaro''.]] G. Philip & son. pp. 321–. Retrieved 11 October 2011.</ref> Letsha la Jipe le ka tsewa e le karolo e e kwa morago ya noka ya Lumi. Kwa tlase ga Letsha la Jipe le kwa godimo ga diphororo, noka e bidiwa "Ruvu".<ref>New, Charles (1875). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_nQMAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA318 "Journey from the Pangani, via Wadigo, to Mombasa".] ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London''. '''19''' (5): 317–323. doi:10.2307/1799979. JSTOR 1799979.</ref> == Metswedi == mbfgbzmzlct6eks0iqb444nu44fqxl8 0 14267 51938 2026-06-29T18:27:12Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Cacheu 51938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Cacheu''' (Portuguese) ke noka ya kwa lefatshe la [[Guinea-Bissau]] e e itsegeng gape jaaka Noka ya Farim go ralala karolo ya yone e e kwa godimo. Boleele jwa yone jotlhe ke dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome matlhanp le bosupa . Noka ya Canjambari ke nngwe ya melatswana ya yone e megolo. == Tsela == Motswedi wa yone o gaufi le molelwane o o kwa bokone wa naga, kwa bokone jwa Contuboel le gaufi le lekhubu la Noka ya Geba. E elela go ya kwa bophirima, gaufi le toropo ya Farim le Bigenè, e bo e atologa go nna noka e mo lotshitshing lwa yone lwa borwa go ka fitlhelwang toropo ya Cacheu. Setlhaketlhake sa Elia ke setlhaketlhake se segolo thata se se leng mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa mojeng lwa noka gaufi le molomo wa yone. Bokone jwa setlhaketlhake bo kwa botlhaba jwa motswedi wa Noka ya Elia le Setlhaketlhake sa Ongueringao mo lotshitshing lo longwe.<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/17091238 Ilha de Elia - Mapcarta]</ref> Noka ya Cacheu e kgona go tsamaiwa ke dikepe tse dikgolo (tsa ditone di le dikete tse pedi (2000) mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di ka nna masome a robabongwe le bosupa , mme dikepe tse dinnye tsone di kgona go tsamaiwa mo sekgaleng se seleele go feta seo; e kile ya bo e le tsela e e botlhokwa ya kgwebo. == Ditso == Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bokoloniale ya [[Portugal,]] Ntwa ya Guinea-Bissau ya Kgololesego, noka e ne ya thusa mo ditirong di le mmalwa tsa sesole.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100622005846/http://www.ensp.unl.pt/lgraca/guine_guerracolonial8_barro.html "Grants on the History of the Colonial War: Cacheu".] Archived from the original on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2018-05-12.</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), karolo e kgolo ya noka e ne ya tlhophiwa jaaka karolo ya Cacheu River Natural Park.<ref>[http://www.bissau.net/Word_files/DUOTA.PROGRAMA%5B1%5D2007.2008.doc Faculty of Law of Bissau, References on Legal Diploma on the Creation of Cacheu River Mangrove Natural Park^{[''permanent dead link''<nowiki>]</nowiki>}]</ref>68% ya phaka e na le ditlhare tsa mango, tse di bopang karolo ya setlhare se segolo sa ditlhare mo Afrika Bophirima. == Metswedi == odjr4az4e75uz1zts9flafwo1qg5wvs 0 14268 51939 2026-06-29T18:36:32Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Casamance 51939 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:ZiguinchorCasamance.JPG|thumb|Noka ya Casamance]] '''Noka ya Casamance''' (French: Fleuve Casamance) e e kwa Senegal e elela go ya kwa bophirima mme bontsi jwa yone e tsena mo Lewatleng la Atlantic ka tsela e e ka nnang boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi . Le fa go ntse jalo, ke dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo fela tsa yone tse di kgonang go tsamaya ka sekepe. Noka ya Casamance ke noka e kgolo ya Kolda, Sédhiou, le Ziguinchor kwa karolong e e kwa borwa ya lefatshe la [[Senegal|Senegal.]] E fa gare ga Noka ya Gambia kwa bokone le dinoka tsa Cacheu le Geba kwa borwa. Go na le borogo kwa Ziguinchor, e leng nngwe ya ditoropo tse di botlhokwa thata mo nokeng eno, e e golaganyang le Bignona e e mo lobopong lo lo kwa bokone. Metse e mengwe e e botlhokwa e e mo dintshing tsa yone e akaretsa Goudomp, Sedhiou, Diattakounda, Tanaff le Kolda. Noka eno e reeletswe ka Kgosi Kasa Mansa, kgotsa kgosi ya bogosi jwa pele ga bokoloniale jwa Kasa.<ref>Lobban, Richard Andrew Jr.; Mendy, Peter Karibe (2013). ''Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau'' (4th ed.). Lanham: Scarecrow Press. p. 244. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5310-2|<bdi>978-0-8108-5310-2</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == d048zl2ws9ep76etz492bcy7wvqcnbt 0 14269 51940 2026-06-29T18:56:39Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Tensift 51940 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Maroc. Oued Tensif.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Tensif]] '''Tensift''' (Berber: Tansift, Arabic: تانسيفت) ke noka e e mo bogareng jwa lefatshe la [[Morocco]]. E tlholega kwa botlhaba jwa High Atlas, e amogela metsi go tswa mo dinokeng tse dintsi tse di elelang mo kgaolong eno. <ref>Tanouti, Oumaima; Molle, François (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283795410 "The Reappropriation of Water in Overexploited Basins: The Case of the Tensift Basin (Morocco)".] ''Études rurales''. '''192''' (2): 79–96. doi:10.4000/etudesrurales.9902.</ref>E feta gaufi le toropo ya Marrakesh mme e tsena mo Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa kagong ya bogologolo ya Souira Qedima (Aguz), e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa borwa jwa Safi. Metsi a yone a fetoga go ya ka pula e e nang; ke nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo di le lesome tsa lefatshe la Morocco, mme gantsi motho a ka kgona go tsamaya mo go yone le fa e le gaufi le kwa e elelang teng. == Metswedi == 1l2aosdengh7adoa0lfui6zs4hbkyxx 0 14270 51941 2026-06-29T19:36:00Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Wami 51941 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Wami River.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Wami]] '''Noka ya Wami''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya Pwani, Tanzania. Metswedi ya noka ya Wami le melatswana ya yone e tswa kwa Dithabeng tsa Botlhaba tsa Arc tsa Kgaolo ya Morogoro. Go tswa foo noka eno e elela go ya ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba go ralala Kgaolo ya Pwani go ya kwa Lewatleng la India go ela kwa bophirima jwa Setlhaketlhake sa [[Zanzibar]]. Noka ya Kinyasangwe ya dipaka e atologela kwa bophirima jwa dithaba tsa Eastern Arc go ya kwa Dodoma, e ntsha metsi mo karolong e e kwa borwa ya Maasai Steppe e e omileng go sekae, e e mo moriting wa pula wa Dithaba tsa Eastern Arc.<ref>Ngana, James, Florence Mahay, and Katharine Cross (2010). ''The Wami Basin: A Situation Analysis.'' IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Programme, 2010. xviii + 92 pp. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wami_River#cite_note-4]</ref> Ke fela morago ga go tswa mo lefelong la Noka ya Mkata kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone jwa Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Mikumi fa leina la yone le bidiwa Wami.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA247 ''A Directory of African Wetlands'',] p. 247, at Google Books</ref> Ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete mo kgaolong metsi a a elelang a ne a fokotsega.<ref>Kalugendo, Praxeda Paul. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120322201351/http://www.gwclim.org/presentations/session5/kalugendo.pdf "Impact of Climate Variability on Groundwater in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"] (PDF). Archived from the original on 2012-03-22</ref> Gaufi le molomo wa yone Noka ya Wami e bopa molelwane o o kwa borwa wa Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Saadani, e leng yone fela phaka ya bosetšhaba e e mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle kwa [[Tanzania]]. == Metswedi == 1imp9jdwkjqe2qii5szisnv0igda2rt 0 14271 51942 2026-06-29T19:51:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 # AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Sous 51942 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Taroudant maroc.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Sous]] '''Noka ya Sous'''(Searabia: واد سوس, ka puo ya Seroma: wād sūs; Seroma sa Se-Tachelhit: rif ⵚⵚ, ka Seroma: asif n sus) ke noka e e mo bogareng jwa borwa jwa lefatshe la [[Morocco]] e e mo kgaolong ya Sous. E simolola kwa Atlaseng e e kwa Godimo mme e elela kwa bophirima e feta Aoulouz, Taroudannt, Oulad Teima, Inezgane le Aït Melloul. E bopa beisine e e sireleditsweng mo tlelaemeteng ya sekaka ya Sahara ke dithaba tsa Anti-Atlas mme ke nngwe ya dikgaolo tse di nonneng thata tsa Morocco.<ref>Encyclopædia Britannica. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/555493/Sous-River "Sous River"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref> Letamo la Aoulouz ke lone letamo le letona mo nokeng eno. == Metswedi == o79fumpu333chvfqxkfbany1orhbfs9 0 14272 51946 2026-06-30T06:09:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Trou de Fer 51946 wikitext text/x-wiki Trou de Fer ("Lesoba la Tshipi") ke kgogometso e e mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Reunion, go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Madagascar kwa Lewatleng la India. Noka e kgolo e e elelang mo mogorogorong ono, e e boteng jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo (dimetara di le 1 000), ke Noka ya Bras de Caverne, e leng molatswana wa Rivière du Mât. Canyon e na le dikarolo tse pedi tse di farologaneng: crater e tona, e e fepiwang ke diphororo di le thataro tse di tlhageletseng, le canyon e tshesane ya slot kwa e tswang teng, e e bopang bontsi jwa boleele jwa canyon. Mogorogoro o simolola kwa phororong ya molatswana wa Bras Mazerine mme morago ga dikilometara di ka nna 1.4 – 1.8 go tswa kwa letlhakoreng la molema o kopana le molatswana o mogolo wa Bras de Caverne.<ref>[http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/IndianOcean/Reunion/TroudeFer.htm "Trou de Fer canyon and waterfalls".] Wondermondo.</ref> Noka ya Bras de Caverne e tsena mo kgogometsong e e nang le phororo e e ka nnang dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi (maoto a le 660). Lerothodi leno gantsi le omile kgotsa le na le metsi a mannye thata,<ref>Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/ReunionIslandPages/A7.htm "The First Drop in the Trou de Fer".] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref> mme fa gare ga leo le le le latelang, lerothodi la dimitara di le lekgolo le masome a rorabobedi (590 ft), metswedi e fepa noka, e e rothelang mo godimo ga seno morago ga moo e bo e wela mo godimo ga lefika la bofelo la dimitara di le makgolo a mararo (1,000 ft) le le kgaotsweng ka fa tlase go tsena mo go la Troume de pluter <ref>Swan, Bryan; Goss, Dean (13 April 2006). [http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=173 "Trou de Fer, Cascades de".] ''World Waterfall Database''. world-waterfalls.com. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref>. [[Setshwantsho:Trou-de-Fer.jpg|thumb|Trou de Fer e bonwa go tswa kwa godimo; motswedi wa metsi wa Bras de Caverne o kafa mojeng o o kwa kgakala.]] ka tlhamalalo kafa molemeng wa phororo eno, molatswana o mongwe o wela mo godimo ga lefika, o o kgaotsweng ka fa tlase ga selekanyo se molomo wa one o nang le sebaka se se senang sepe se se fetang dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi (660 ft) fa gare ga one le bodilo jwa canyon, se se ka nnang bogodimo jo bo tshwanang mo meseleng e mebedi le ya phororo pele ga o wela mo lever . phororo. Phororo eno ga e kwa godimo jalo, mme e na le kelelo e nnye ya metsi. E fepiwa ke diphororo tse dingwe di le mmalwa tse di elelang mo mafikeng a a fa godimo ga yone. Go ya pele kafa molemeng, mo e ka nnang sekgala se se menaganeng gabedi go tswa mo diphororong tsa ntlha go ya kwa go tsa bobedi, molatswana o mongwe o mogolo o tsena mo kgogometsong.<ref>Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T2.htm "The Route from the Second Cascade to the Bottom"]. crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref>Ka kakaretso, go na le bobotlana diphororo di le thataro tse di fepang canyon eno. Kwa botlaseng jwa kgogometso, go simolola kgogometso e e farologaneng ya slot, kgotsa "The Narrows". Metsi a a tswang kwa phororong ya Bras de Caverne le phororo e e yang kwa molemeng wa yone a elela mo mogorogorong wa slot ka angle ya 90-degree, ka phororo e e itsiweng ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang jaaka "Motšhini wa go Tlhatswa".<ref>Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T5.htm "Approaching the Washing Machine".] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref> Leina leno le tswa mo mouwaneng o o o tlhagisang, o o kolobisang batho ba ba emeng gaufi le motheo wa diphororo.<ref name=":0">Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/TroudeFer.htm "Canyoneering Reunion Island: The Trou de Fer".] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref> Mogorogoro wa slot, kgotsa "The Corridor", o atologela go ka nna dikilometara tse tharo (1.9 mi), mme go bolelwa fa gantsi o thibelwa ke dijeme tsa matlakala go bopa makadiba, go akaretsa le "Letsha la Eel".<ref name=":0" /> Metswedi e mentsi e elela mo lefikeng le le nang le maroba la lekgwamolelo la mabota, mme e dira diphororo tse dintsintsi.<ref>Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T11.htm "Waterfall in the "Corridor"".] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.</ref> Setlhopha sa ga Pascale Lapoule, Laurent Broisin le Pascal Colas e ne e le bone ba ntlha go palama/go tsamaya mo kgogometsong ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ele lesome le borobabongwe go ya ko masome a mabedi le bongwe ,ngwaga wa sekete.makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe .<ref>http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T11.htm</ref> == Metswedi == h8ptumf2ic5d9p2hzxt7g2f1boaczqv 0 14273 51947 2026-06-30T06:30:13Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Diphororo tsa Mac-Mac 51947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphororo tsa Mac-Mac''' ke diphororo tsa dimitara di le masome a marataro le botlhano mo Nokeng ya Mac-Mac kwa Lefelong la Tlhago la Sekgwa sa Mac-Mac, [[Mpumalanga]], [[Aforika Borwa]]. == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:Mac Mac Falls (46776220411).jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Mac Mac]] Kwa tshimologong, phororo e ne e na le molatswana o le mongwe fela, mme badiri ba meepo ba ne ba dirisa dinamite mo phororong ka tsholofelo ya go senola lekekema le le humileng ka gauta, le jaanong le nang le metsi a a welang mo melatswaneng e mebedi. <ref>[https://www.sabie.co.za/gallery/mac-mac-falls.html "Mac Mac Falls: Sabie Gallery".] ''www.sabie.co.za''. Retrieved 17 March 2023.</ref> E ne ya kaiwa fa e le Lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Porofense ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le borobabobedi,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro , mmogo le sekgwa sa selegae mo kgaolong e e kwa tlase ga phororo. <ref>[https://sahris.sahra.org.za/node/33753 "Mac Mac Waterfalls, Geelhoutboom, Pilgrim's Rest District | SAHRA"]. ''SAHRA''. Retrieved 17 March 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == 22brlvjrlliruct4ctou4p8xyt9u3vh 0 14274 51948 2026-06-30T06:51:41Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi la Masinga 51948 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi la Masinga''', gape e le '''[[Letamo la Masinga]],''' ke letamo la motheo mo Nokeng ya Tana, noka e telele go gaisa kwa Kenya mme e kgabaganya molelwane wa Dikgaolo tsa Embu le Machakos kwa Porofenseng ya Botlhaba mme e ka nna dikilometara di le lekgolo le borataro . (66 mi.), ka tsela, kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa Nairobi, motsemogolo wa Kenya le toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe.<ref>Globefeed.com (19 February 2018). [https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Nairobi%20Central%2C%20Nairobi%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Masinga%20Dam%2C%20Kenya&dt1=ChIJNe4z_9QQLxgRVVtoNpaFdCw&dt2=ChIJAXMp3S0DJhgRMhlCuEQM8Nc "Distance between Nairobi Central, Nairobi, Kenya and Masinga Dam, Kenya"]. Globefeed.com. Retrieved 19 February 2018.</ref> Kago ya letamo e simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabobedi ,<ref name=":0">[http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/completed/dams-hydroelectric-plants/masinga-dam.html "Masinga Dam".] Salini Impregilo. Retrieved 2015-02-15.</ref> mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe.<ref name=":1">[https://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/40364 "Masinga Hydroelectric Power Station Kenya"]. Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 2015-02-19.</ref> E ruilwe ke Bothati jwa Tlhabololo ya Dinoka tsa Tana le Athi (TARDA).<ref name=":2">Victor Juma (2013-02-26). [http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/KenGen-bid-to-raise-Masinga-dam-height-suspended-/-/539550/1705594/-/1dvqb6z/-/index.html "KenGen's bid to raise Masinga dam height suspended".] Business Daily. Retrieved 2015-02-15.</ref> Letamo le dirisediwa go tlhagisa motlakase mme ke karolo ya Sekema sa Seven Forks.<ref name=":1" /> == Letamo == Letamo la Masinga ke letamo la motheo le le boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a marataro le boleele jwa dimetara tse dikete tse pedi le makgolo a mabedi <ref name=":1" /> le le nang le bolumu ya 4,950,000 m3. Letamo le na le tsela ya go tshologela le lefelo la go tswa kwa tlase.<ref name=":0" /> == Bobolokelo jwa Metsi == Mo maemong a a tletseng a letamo (maemo a a kwa godimo a morwalela a 1,056.5 m)<ref name=":2" /> letamo la letamo le na le bogolo jwa boalogodimo jwa 120 km2 mme bokgoni jwa lone jotlhe ke 1,56 billion m3.<ref>[https://tarda.go.ke/masinga-dam-reservoir/#:~:text=The%20dam%20is%20the%20main,water%20capable%20of%20generating%2040MW. "Tana and Athi rivers Development Authority"]</ref>Bonnye boemo ba tshebetso ka tlwaelo ke dimetara di le sekete,le masome a mararo le bosupa. Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le borataro, KenGen e ne ya tswala sefetlhamotlakase ka gonne selekanyo sa go dira se ne se wetse tlase go nna 1,035.5 m. Ka nako ya go<ref name=":1" /> tswalwa ga polante e ne e ntse e ntsha 14 MW.<ref>Rob Jillo (2009-06-30). [http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2009/06/kengen-closes-masinga-dam/ "KenGen closes Masinga Dam".] Business&Tech. Retrieved 2015-02-15.</ref> Ka ntlha ya bogolo jwa yone jo bogolo, letamo leno le botlhokwa thata mo go laoleng kelelo ya metsi a dipolante tse dingwe tse nne tsa motlakase wa metsi tse di kwa tlase.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160309192139/http://www.kengen.co.ke/index.php?id=6&page=business&subpage=hydro "MASINGA POWER STATION".] [[:en:Kenya_Electricity_Generating_Company|Kenya Electricity Generating Company.]] Archived from the original on 2016-03-09. Retrieved 2015-02-19.</ref> == Polante ya motlakase == Sefetlhamotlakase sa metsi se se tsamayang mo nokeng se ne sa simolola go dira ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe . Se ruilwe le go tsamaisiwa ke Kompone e e Tlhagisang Motlakase ya Kenya (KenGen).<ref name=":2" /> Semela se na le bokgoni jwa leina la 40 MW. Palogare ya tlhagiso ya yone ya ngwaga le ngwaga e fa gare ga lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi (ka 2008) le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (ka 2007) GWh,<ref name=":1" /> go ikaegile ka kelelo ya metsi a Noka ya Tana. Sefetlhamotlakase se na le dijenereitara di le pedi tsa Kaplan tse di nang le maatla a 20 MW nngwe le nngwe. Dithebine di ne di tlamelwa ke Escher Wyss, dijenereitara ke ABB. Tlhogo e e kwa godimo ya haeteroliki ke dimetara di le masome a mane le borobabongwe , kelelo e e kwa godimo ka thebaene ke 45.9 (45)[2] m3/s. == Metswedi == bb1j69dpx219scl3yxp3tluh6627yxm 0 14275 51949 2026-06-30T06:56:58Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letamo la Sand River 51949 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Noka ya Sand''' ke letamo la maitirelo le le fitlhelwang kwa [[Kgaolong ya Lubombo]] kwa [[Eswatini]]. E akaretsa kgaolo ya diheketara di le makgolo a supa le masome a marataro le borobabobedi , ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane tsa metsi le dinonyane tse dingwe tsa metsi, mme le amogetswe jaaka lefelo le le metsi la botlhokwa jwa boditšhabatšhaba ka fa tlase ga [[Tumalano ya Ramsar]].<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2122 "Sand River Dam".] ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 21 January 2019.</ref> == Metswedi == q9pmln8bz26i9z2k9u3leyjc83i6dmi 0 14276 51950 2026-06-30T07:03:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsamo la Van Eck 51950 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Van Eck''' ke letamo la maitirelo mo teng ga Lefelo la Tlhago la Mhlosinga, gaufi le [[Big Bend]] mo [[Kgaolong ya Lubombo]] kwa [[Eswatini|Eswatini.]] E akaretsa kgaolo ya diheketara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le bosupa , ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane tsa metsi le dinonyane tse dingwe tsa metsi, mmogo le diphologolo tse di jaaka kwena ya Nile le [[kubu]]. E amogetswe jaaka lefelo le le metsi la botlhokwa jwa boditšhabatšhaba ka fa tlase ga [[Tumalano ya Ramsar]].<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2123 "Van Eck Dam".] ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 24 January 2019.</ref> == Metswedi == 3wua5tqr7ksejwehh5ssttf4jou7fhn 0 14277 51951 2026-06-30T07:21:52Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letamo la Ajiwa 51951 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Ajiwa''' ke letamo la tlamelo ya metsi le le kwa Ajiwa, kwa bokonebophirima jwa Nigeria. Ke nngwe ya dikago tsa botlhokwa tsa mafaratlhatlha a metsi tse di tlamelang ka metsi kwa toropongkgolo ya Katsina le baagi ba ba mo tikologong. == Lefelo == Letamo leno le kwa Nageng ya Katsina, kwa Nigeria, mme le agilwe mo thulaganyong ya Noka ya Karaduwa. E bopa karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a tlamelo ya metsi a puso a a tshegetsang ditlhokego tsa metsi tsa kwa ditoropong le kwa metseselegaeng. == Maikaelelo == Letamo la Ajiwa le agetswe thata: Tlamelo ya metsi ya mmasepala, Nosetso ya temothuo, Taolo le taolo ya morwalela, Go tshegetsa botshwaraditlhapi le matshelo a selegae, Seabe sa Tlamelo ya Metsi Letamo le ke motswedi o motona wa metsi a a nowang a toropokgolo ya Katsina. E fepa dithulaganyo tsa go phepafatsa le go anamisa metsi tse di tlamelang malapa, dikgwebo le mafaratlhatlha a setšhaba. == Dithuto tsa tikologo == Dipatlisiso tsa saense di dirilwe mo Letamong la Ajiwa go sekaseka boleng jwa metsi a lone le maemo a ikholoji. Dithutopatlisiso tseno di bontsha gore letamo leno le tlhotlhelediwa ke diphetogo tsa dipaka, go elela ga metsi a temothuo le ditiro tsa batho mo baaging ba ba di dikologileng. Thutopatlisiso e e sekasekang dipharametara tsa fisikhokhemikhale tsa Letamo la Ajiwa e tlhagisitse dipharologano mo ditshupong tsa boleng jwa metsi tse di botlhokwa mo go tlhokomeleng tikologo le mo taolong ya boitekanelo jwa setšhaba.<ref><code><nowiki>{{cite journal}}</nowiki></code>: Cite journal requires <code>|journal=</code> (help)</ref> Thutopatlisiso e nngwe ka ga popego ya plankton mo Letamong la Ajiwa e ne ya gatelela botlhokwa jwa yone mo ikholojing le go nna bosisi mo kgatelelong ya tikologo.<ref>Ibrahim, A.; Thliza, I. A. (30 June 2023). [https://publications.umyu.edu.ng/ujmr/index.php/ujmr/article/view/316 "Physico-Chemical Properties and Plankton Composition of Ajiwa Reservoir"]. ''UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)''. '''8''' (1): 84–89. doi:[[doi:10.47430/ujmr.2381.011|10.47430/ujmr.2381.011.]]</ref> == Tsosoloso le tlhabololo == Letamo leno e nnile karolo ya maiteko a puso a go tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha a tlamelo ya metsi kwa Katsina State. Diporojeke tsa tsosoloso di tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go tokafatseng bokgoni jwa go phepafatsa metsi le dithulaganyo tsa kabo tse di golagantsweng le letamo.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/govt-to-complete-50m-litre-ajiwa-dam-in-2022/ "Gov't to complete 50m-litre Ajiwa dam in 2022".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2026-05-21.</ref> Maiteko ano a ikaeletse go tokafatsa phitlhelelo e e ikanyegang ya metsi mo bathong ba ba golang ba toropokgolo ya Katsina.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/ "Katsina water supply projects"]. ''Daily Trust''</ref> == Botlhokwa == Letamo la Ajiwa le sa ntse le le letlotlo le le botlhokwa la mafaratlhatlha kwa Nageng ya Katsina. E tshegetsa tlamelo ya metsi a mo gae, temothuo, le ditiro tsa ikonomi ya selegae, mme seno se dira gore e nne karolo ya botlhokwa ya tlhabololo ya kgaolo. == Metswedi == 4o0j8gra0sac2vf5qv7ejo672a4nc47 0 14278 51952 2026-06-30T07:30:28Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bankasoka #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Bankasoka|image_name=Port Loko River - Feb 2011 - panoramio (1).jpg|basin_countries=[[Sierra Leone]]}} '''Noka ya Bankasoka''' ke noka e e kwa [[Sierra Leone]]. Jaaka mogogoro o o makhubu e kopana le [[noka ya Rokel]] kwa borwa go tlhama noka ya [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.</ref> Maemelo a dikepe a mabedi a mo nokeng e, Port Pepel le Port Loko. Noka ya Bankasoka ke noka e e mo lotshitshing lwa [[noka ya Sierra Leone]], yone le noka ya Rokel di tlhama mogogoro wa noka ya Sierra Leone dikhilomithara di le masome a mane go tswa kwa lewatleng la Atlantic. Bontlha jwa yone kwa bokone bo itsege gape ka leina la ''letsha la Tumbu''.<ref>West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.</ref> Noka e itsege gape e le mogobe wa Port Loko ka gore toropo ya leina le le tshwanang e mo nokeng eo. Go na le mafelo a go fetlhiwang motlakase kwa go one a le mararo a mabotlana gaufi le Port Loko.<ref>[https://www.africanpowerplatform.org/resources/power-projects/user-item/728-admin/257-bankasoka-hydro-dam.html ''Bankasoka Hydro Dam.'' Africa Power Platform].^{[''permanent dead link'']} Retrieved 30 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 4qbkafiy571p0xumu1x7enh3e81ao4l 0 14279 51953 2026-06-30T11:10:46Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Sierra Leone #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Sierra Leone|image_name=Freetown SPOT 1094.jpg|caption=Mogogoro wa noka ya Sierra Leone|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic|length_km=40}} '''Noka ya Sierra Leone''' ke mogogoro wa noka o o kwa [[Lewatle la Atlantic|lewatleng la Atlantic]] kwa bophirima ja [[Sierra Leone]]. E tlhamilwe ke [[noka ya Bankasoka]] le [[noka ya Rokel]], e bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le thataro go tsena di le lesome le borataro le di le masome a mane ka boleele. E na le maemelo a dikepe a matona a [[Queen Elizabeth II Quay]] le [[Pepel]]. Mogogoro o, o botlhokwa gape mo go romeleng dithoto kwa mafatsheng a sele. Ke maemelo a dikepe a tlholego a matona go feta a mangwe otlhe mo [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa, di akaretsa setlhaketlhake sa Tasso (se setona go fetisa), setlhaketlhake sa Tombo, le setlhaketlhake se se neng se le botlhokwa mo ditsong sa Bunce, di mo mogogorong o.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Sierra-Leone-River "Sierra Leone River"] britannica.com</ref> == Maemelo a difofane a Lungi == Noka e kgaoganya [[Freetown]], toropokgolo ya Sierra Leone e e kwa borwa jwa maemelo a dikepe, le maemelo a difofane a a dirisiwang thata kwa lefatsheng leo a Lungi, a a kwa bokone jwa maemelo a dikepe mo lefelong le le bidiwang Bullom Shore. Mofuta wa dipalamo o o dirisiwang thata go tswa kwa maemelong a difofane go ya Freetown ke ka mekoro e e lobelo kgotsa mekorwana. Ditirelo tsa sefofane sa tlhoo tomo le di hovercraft ga di sa tlhole di le teng. == Popego == Mogogoro wa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano wa noka ya Sierra Leone o mo setlhopheng sa makgobokgobo a a botlhokwa a mafatshefatshe ke bokopano jwa Ramsar kwa bophirima jwa [[Sierra Leone]].<ref>''[https://sea.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=198331&level=int World Database on Protected Areas: Site Information]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20080924014313/http://sea.unep-wcmc.org/wdpa/sitedetails.cfm?siteid=198331&level=int Archived] 2008-09-24 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (2004), retrieved on 30 June 2026</ref> Lefelo le ke makgobokgobo a ditlhare tsa mangrove mme gape le na le dikgwa tsa metsi.<ref>[https://www.wetlands.org/RSDB/default.htm Ramsar Sites Information Service] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080714104645/http://www.wetlands.org/RSDB/default.htm Archived] 2008-07-14 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Ramsar, retrieved on 30 June 2026</ref> Lefelo le gape le supilwe fa e le lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane ke lekgotla la Birllfe International ka le na le palo e e bonalang ya dinonyane tsa Eurasian oystercatchers, curlew sandpipers le dintsu.<ref>[https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6834-sierra-leone-river-estuary "Sierra Leone River Estuary".] ''BirdLife Data Zone''. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2026-06-30</ref> == Metswedi == k21n9zy937xu7rg1nxuj9svftoltoel 0 14280 51954 2026-06-30T11:24:14Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Tinkisso #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:USGS geologic map Guinea.png|thumb|mmepe wa popego ya Guinea o supa motsamao wa noka ya Tinkisso]] '''Noka ya Tinkisso''' ke noka e e kwa [[Guinea]] kwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Noka e tshelwa ke dithaba tsa Fouta Djallon gaufi le Dalaba kwa bokone jwa Mamou, e elela kwa bokone-botlhaba pele ga e ya botlhaba go kgabaganya kgampu ya Guinea, go fitlhelela e tsena mo [[NOKA YA nIGER|nokeng ya Niger]] kwa Siguiri.<ref>[https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/507 "Upper Niger".] ''www.feow.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-30.</ref> Noka e dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane ka boleele.<ref>[https://mapy.com/en/turisticka?source=osm&id=1033975824&x=-10.3528044&y=10.9345415&z=7 "Tinkisso River (River) • Mapy.com".] ''Mapy.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-30.</ref> Noka le kgampu e e dikologileng e ne e le lefelo le le tlhomilweng la bolthokwa ke bokopano jwa Ramsar le puso ya Guinea ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi. Noka le metswedi ya yone ke legae la mefuta ya di manatee. == Metswedi == cfy74lvouyec9w8xu460t4qp5kkc0df 0 14281 51955 2026-06-30T11:45:33Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Pongo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51955 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Guinea Coast OSM.jpg|thumb]] '''Noka ya Pongo''' kgotsa '''Rio Pongo''' ke noka e e elelelang kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le Boffa, kwa [[Guinea]]. Motswedi wa yone o kwa Fouta Djallon.<ref>[https://www.blackpast.org/perspectives/africans-african-americans-great-britain-and-united-states-curious-history-rio-pongo-ea "Africans, African Americans, Great Britain and the United States: The Curious History of the Rio Pongo in the Early 19th Century"]. ''Black Past.Org''. Retrieved 30 June 2026</ref> Lefelo le le dikologileng le kile la bo le itsege ka leina la Pongoland kgotsa Bongo Country.<ref>See [https://search.lma.gov.uk/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LMA_OPAC/web_detail?SESSIONSEARCH&exp=refd%20Z/PROJECT/BAL/M/P88/ALL1/011/0201 Samuel Crighton's Baptismal entry] in the All Saints, [[:en:Poplar,_London|Poplar]], [[:en:Parish_register|parish register]] of the [[:en:London_Borough_of_Tower_Hamlets|London Borough of Tower Hamlets]] referring to the baptism of Samuel Crighton, son of [[:en:William_Fernandez|William Fernandez]], a local [[:en:Luso-Africans|Luso-African]] King.</ref> == Tikologo == Mogogoro o, o tlhophilwe e le lefelo la Ramsar fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi.<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/574 "Rio Pongo"]. ''[[:en:Ramsar_Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 30 June 2026</ref> Lefelo le, la diheketara di le dikete di le masome a mararo le na le dikgwa tsa setlhare sa mangrove. Di manatee tsa Aforika di teng mo go one. Lefelo le gape le tlhophilwe go nna le le botlhokwa lwa dinonyane ke lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la matshelo a dinonyane (BirdLife International) ka le na le palo e e bonalang ya dinonyane tsa metsi.<ref>[https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/6368-rio-pongo "Rio Pongo".] ''BirdLife Data Zone''. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2026-06-30</ref> == Ditso == Rio Pongo e nnile lefelo le le botlhokwa mo go tlhameng madirelo ka nako ya kgwebo ya makgoba go ralala Atlantic.<ref>Mouser, Bruce L. (1973). "Trade, Coasters and conflict in the Rio Pongo from 1790 to 1808". ''The Journal of African History''. '''14''' (1): 45–64. doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/trade-coasters-and-conflict-in-the-rio-pongo-from-1790-to-1808/1DFC3CA7367107DFFFDB14D2D2452180 10.1017/s0021853700012160]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/180776 180776.]</ref> Sir George Collier o ne a kwala difane tsa malwapa di le masome a supa le borataro tse di neng di tsere karolo mo kgwebong ya makgoba ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>Mouser, Bruce L. (2016). "[https://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/KnoerrUpper Towards a Definition of Transnational as a Family Construct: An Historical and Micro Perspective"]. In Knörr, Jacqueline; Kohl, Christoph (eds.). ''The Upper Guinea Coast in Global Perspective''. New York: Berghahn Books. pp. 21–39. Retrieved 30 June 2026</ref> E ne e le lesole la Kolone ya Britain ya bophirima jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, lesome le borobabobedi go tsena sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mabedi le motso ka jalo a rulaganya go disa noka ya Pongo le mafelo a a mabapi e le tsela ya go nna kgatlhanong le bokgoba. == Mo dikwalong == Bontlha jwa ditiragalo tsa buka ya ditso ya Anthony Adverse - le setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego se se e diretsweng - di kwa nokeng ya Pongo mo dingwageng tsa bofelo tsa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi le dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe. Moanelwamogolo wa buka o o filweng leina le le tshanwang le la gagwe - lekawana le le itekanetseng ebile le le tlhaga - o goroga kwa Cuba mme mo nakong e khutshwane o tsaya taolo ya kgwebo ya makgoba mo lotshitshing lwa noka. O kgobokanya dikhumo tse di bonalang, mme tlhwatlhwa e le go senyetse setshaba. Kwa bofelong, a ferosiwa sebete ke bokgoba, o tlogela lefatshe leo go ya go dira ditiro di sele. == Metswedi == 31yk5ur4y5cuff1hv5m0r496i8p2c0n 0 14282 51956 2026-06-30T11:48:39Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Niandan #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51956 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Niandan.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Niandan gaufi le Kissidougou]] '''Noka ya Niandan''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Niger]].<ref>[https://mapcarta.com/17189802 "Niandan river".] mapcarta.com. Retrieved 2026-06-30</ref> == Metswedi == ozbuc48oj7fzey0jfhuz1rnmef2opg7