Lelona Daweti

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    <title>Lelona Daweti</title>
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      <text bytes="5082" sha1="bfvd9r3z9bsepiayhno6cd6iu0oej75" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography|name=Lelona Daweti|full_name=Lelona Daweti|birth_date=8 September 1999|height=152 cm|position=[[Attacking Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnumber=21|youthyears1=2017-2021|youthclubs1=[[Cape Town Roses]]|clubs1=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|years1=2022-|medaltemplates={{MedalCompetition|[[CAF Women's Champions League]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 CAF Women's Champions League|2022 Morocco]]|}}

{{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Champions League]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2022 South Africa]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2023 South Africa]]|}}

{{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Championship]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Championship|2022 South Africa]]|}}|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national under-20 football team|South Africa U20]]|nationalteam2=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2017|nationalyears2=2022-}}

'''Lelona &quot;Kokota Lelo&quot; Daweti''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Letswe a le malatsi a boferabobedi ka 1999) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Aforika borwa yo o tshamekang kwa pele mo setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le mo go sa setshaba sa bomme sa Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Ntsoelengoe, Tshepo (2 November 2022). &quot;[https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/daweti-helps-sundowns-ladies-beat-bayesla/ Daweti helps Sundowns Ladies beat Bayesla]&quot;. ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya setlhopha ==
'''&lt;big&gt;Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies&lt;/big&gt;'''

O ile kwa setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] kwa South Africa ebile e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha se se neng sa tsaya maemo a bobedi ya COSAFA Women's Champions League ya 2022 le CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022.&lt;ref&gt;Abrahams, Celine (14 November 2022). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20250331142941/https://gsport.co.za/asfar-crowned-2022-caf-womens-champions-league-winners/ ASFAR Crowned 2022 CAF Women's Champions League Winners]&quot;. ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20240905195206/https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/authors/mahlatse-mphahlele/. &quot;[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/soccer/2021-11-20-sundowns-ladies-crowned-inaugural-caf-womens-champions-league-winners/ Sundowns Ladies crowned inaugural Caf Women's Champions League winners]&quot;. SowetanLIVE. Retrieved 10 November 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |last= (help)&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a tsenngwa mo ba ba lesome le motso ba ba gaisitseng kwa CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022.&lt;ref&gt;Sithole, Sinethemba (16 November 2022). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231111115200/https://thisisfootball.africa/three-sundowns-ladies-make-it-in-champions-league-best-xi/ Three Sundowns Ladies Make it in Champions League Best XI]&quot;. ''This is Football''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne a fenya bosimega ja gagwe ja ntlha ja SAFA Women's League le Sundowns.&lt;ref&gt;profseuno, profseuno (27 November 2022). &quot;[https://kick442.com/sundowns-presented-with-third-straight-league-title/ Sundowns presented with third straight league title]&quot;. ''KICK442 Sport News''. Retrieved 21 December 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2023 e ne e le tokololo ya setlhopha se se neng sa fenya COSAFA Women's Champions League ya 2023. Daweti o ne a pataganetsi bonosi jo bo kwa godimo mo kgaisanong eo ka dino di le tharo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-champions-league/news/mamelodi-sundowns-to-represent-cosafa-region-at-caf-women-s-champions-league/ Mamelodi Sundowns to represent COSAFA region at CAF Women's Champions League]&quot;. ''CAF''. 9 August 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a bona kgobalo e e neng ya mo ntshetsa kwa ntle mo masaleleng a setlha seo.

== Tiro ya boditshabatshaba ==
Ka 2017 o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlhopeng sa Basetsana sa go ipatlela phatlha kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa U/20.&lt;ref&gt;Oriaku, Peter (23 January 2018). &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231110141530/https://www.completesports.com/south-africas-daweti-%E2%80%8Econfident-basetsana-will-beat-falconets-aggregate-u-20-w-cup-ticket/ South Africa's Daweti Confident Basetsana Will Beat Falconets On Aggregate For U-20 W/Cup Ticket]&quot;. ''Complete Sports''. Retrieved 10 November 2023&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;REPORTER, SUNSPORT. &quot;[https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/basetsana-squad-for-u-20-wc-qualifiers-20170906 BASETSANA SQUAD FOR U-20 WC QUALIFIERS]&quot;. ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2022 Daweti a gaisana mo setlhopheng sa bomme se segolo sa Aforika Borwa kwa COSAFA Women's Championship ya 2022 kwa ba neng ba tsaya maemo a bobedi fa morago ga Zambia.

== Ditlotla ==

=== Setlhopha ===
'''Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies'''

* SAFA Women's League: 2022, 2023

'''South Africa'''

* COSAFA Women's Championship:maemo a bobedi: 2022

'''Tsa gagwe'''

* 2023 COSAFA Women's Champions League: Monosi yo o kwa godimo (dino tse tharo)

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Makgobokgobo a Okavango</title>
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      <comment>Se ke dipaakanyo tsa tsebe e fale le fale. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
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      <text bytes="40979" sha1="42oq7np6gmp8d808wkb86bo6xj2bcxj" xml:space="preserve">'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Naga ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela mogorogoro o o tlhatlogileng ka dimethara tse di makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go tsena sekete (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft),&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf &quot;Ramsar Information Sheet&quot;] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  mo karolong e e fa gare ya mokgatsha wa ''endorheic'' wa Sekaka sa Kalahari (Kgalagadi). 

Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e nand le metswedi e santseng e itsetletse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 &quot;Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting&quot;]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a aname le mafelo a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one a nwela kwa tlase ga lefatshe kwa motsweding wa metsi a a seng boteng thata a a ka fa tlase, pele ga dimela di a monya. Bontsi jwa metsi otlhe a a gorogang mo makgobokgobong a felela a tsewa ke phefo (a mowafala) a bo a tsewa ke phefo go tswa mo dimeleng. 

Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.&lt;ref&gt;Keen, Cecil (1997). &quot;[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S. (1993). &quot;The great inland deltas of Africa&quot;. ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa 2013 kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders&quot;]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la ''bo''-sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [[&quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;.]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Leina  ==

Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo leineng ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html &quot;Okavango River&quot;]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata ''Kavango'' fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo la Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.&lt;ref&gt;Eckl, Andreas (2007). [[&quot;Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911&quot;]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]]

== Popego (Motheo) ==

=== Merwalela ===
Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e e tlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km (750 mi) mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km&lt;sup&gt;²&lt;/sup&gt; (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo).

Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke phefo kgotsa mowa o o molelo, go tswa le mo dimeleng tota, seo se baka  kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnang makgetho a le mararo&lt;ref&gt;C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [[&quot;Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management&quot;]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; a a neng a sa tlhaloganyesege  go fitlhela ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e  lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang go sa neng ga pula mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one sa gale le gale, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokano ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika.

Makgobokgobo a ikadile a le sephaphathi, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (2 m/ 7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi), fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|&quot;Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting&quot;]]. ''Biodiversity &amp; Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). &quot;The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications&quot;. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go elela ga Metsi ===

=== Letsha (Lecha) ===
Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. 
[[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a  maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]]

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai ===
Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di sa kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.&lt;ref&gt;Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 &quot;Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress&quot;.] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare jaanong se melang gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.&lt;ref&gt;Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm &quot;Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]]

=== Chief's Island ===
Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.

== Tsa metsi ==
Melatswana e tshelang Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tlholega ka bontsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e e nneleng ka go kopana ga dinoka tsa Cubango le Cuito mo Angola pele ga e elela e ralala Namibia e tsena mo Botswana. Mo go tseneng mo makgobokgobong gaufi le Mohembo, noka e kgaogana go nna melatswana e e matswakabele, go nne fa noka e tlhatsetsang teng, matsha, ''di-swamp'' tsa se nnela-ruri tse di thusang go tshegega nngwe ya makgobokgobo a a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe a a mo gare ga mpa ya lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 1165–1172. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T.S. (2023). &quot;Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

Melapo e megolo (e e ntshang metsi go tswa mo makgobokgobong) e akaretsa Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, le dinokana tsa Jao. Melapo e e bowa e anamisa metsi a merwalela a tlang le dipaka tse di farologaneng, go ralala makgobokgobo, se se bo se dira gore go nne le mafaratlhatlha a mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a a nnang a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe, le a a nnang a na le metsi a mantsi ka dinako tse dingwe, a a thusang gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report (Report). OKACOM. 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Gieske, A. (1997). &quot;Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''193''': 214–239. [[Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.|doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo e ka nnang 96-98% ya metsi a a tsenang mo makgobokgobong, a latlhega ka go tsewa ke phefo ga metsi le a dimela (evapotranspiration), go tsena kafa tlase ga lefatshe (groundwater recharge), le go tsewa ke phefo (evaporation), fa fela karolo e nnye ya one e tswa/latlhega ka go ya le dinoka tsa Thamalakane le Boteti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Climate (''Tlelaemete'') ==
[[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]]
Botala jo tseneletseng jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e pula ntsi; mme, ke lefelo le le nnang le metsi (oasis) mo lefatsheng le le sekaka. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa a tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm &quot;The Okavango Delta | Botswana&quot;]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse dinang pula ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e nne 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo  a a mololo go ya kwa botsididinyaneng. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana &quot;Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time&quot;]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmuane wa serame wa bonala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta &quot;A Year in the Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e dikgwetlho thata mo baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme go se neng ga pula go kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;.] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]]
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, la mefutafuta e mentsi ya diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref&gt;Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm &quot;Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' (tse di tumileng) tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu, di teng.&lt;ref&gt;Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf &quot;Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons&quot;] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.&lt;ref&gt;Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. &amp; Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.&lt;/ref&gt; Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). &quot;Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]&lt;/ref&gt; phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,&lt;ref&gt;Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf &quot;Status report for the cheetah in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].&lt;ref&gt;Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). &quot;Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]]
Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),&lt;ref&gt;Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-881173-70-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). &quot;The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.&lt;ref&gt;IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html &quot;Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population&quot;]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens &quot;Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens&quot;]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhapi ===
Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tse di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf &quot;The Fishes of the Okavango Delta&quot;] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dimela ==
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo tshikeng di le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng tse: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo lefelong le tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo bothokong jwa melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le go pota ka-kwa ga dikhutlong tsa mafelo a bojang a a emang metsi a merwalela, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta e e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''di-swamp'' tse di sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a di-swamp/''mogobe'' tse di  kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo di-swamp/''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane wa ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|&quot;Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook&quot;.]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) gotsa dipota tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka e mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela gantsi, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi teng, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela ka bontsi di ka kgonang go mela.&lt;ref&gt;Nanson, G. C.; Gibling, M. R. (1978). ''Rivers and alluvial fans''. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 925–952. [[Doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7 173.|doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173.]] ISBN 978-3-540-31079-2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Batho ==
[[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]]
Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

* [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva),
* Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku),
* [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei),
* Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda)
* Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe).

Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Ba-Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ &quot;Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network&quot;.] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke [[Basarwa]] (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa ditsompelo tsa dikgwa le tsa dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo ditsompelong tsa dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango mo Angola le mo Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana mo karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le [[Noka ya Boteti]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ &quot;Wayeyi&quot;]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x &quot;The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana&quot;]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. 

Makgobokgobo a Okavango a ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]]) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).&lt;ref&gt;Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 &quot;Ditso Tsa Batawana&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba  eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-[[Bangwato]] se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo,  Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong  e gola thata.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (1997). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega.

== Bojanala ==
Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa one tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le makgolokgolo le dikete-kete ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile, toropo ya [[Maun]] ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa matlo a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi  le maeto ka mokoro.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf &quot;Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago mo tikologong ka fa o ntse o na tiriso ya madi e e kwa godimo ya baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.&lt;ref&gt;International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melapo (water streams) ==
[[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]]
Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogela bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo lefelong le e le molapo.&lt;ref&gt;kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ &quot;June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee&quot;]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a bolokilweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa go lema fa merwalela e kokobetse.&lt;ref&gt;Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.  &lt;/ref&gt;

== Matshosetsi  a a ka nnang teng ==
Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021 di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.&lt;ref&gt;Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html &quot;ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia&quot;]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore metsi mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region &quot;A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region&quot;]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ &quot;Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout&quot;]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk &quot;Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk&quot;.] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;ReconAfrica e boletse gore, &quot;Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ &quot;Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project&quot;]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ &quot;OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 &quot;FindArticles.com - CBSi&quot;.] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho, ba ba foo, le go ntshiwa ga metsi, ga ba ba mo kgaolong, kwa Angola le kwa Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ &quot;Threats - Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ &quot;Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice&quot;]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (documentary) ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne e ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go godisa leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). &quot;Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (policy) ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa mo loaping ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ya ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us &quot;About Conservation International Botswana&quot;]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona gape ==

* Kalahari Basin

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>42oq7np6gmp8d808wkb86bo6xj2bcxj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>51965</id>
      <parentid>51964</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:43:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stonesetswammung</username>
        <id>12839</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Se ke dipaakanyo tsa tsebe tsa diele dingwe. #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51965</origin>
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      <text bytes="41052" sha1="2pddwy83wmmr3aaphmdh7yywahho69u" xml:space="preserve">'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Naga ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela mogorogoro o o tlhatlogileng ka dimethara tse di makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go tsena sekete (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft),&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf &quot;Ramsar Information Sheet&quot;] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  mo karolong e e fa gare ya mokgatsha wa ''endorheic'' wa Sekaka sa Kalahari (Kgalagadi). 

Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e nand le metswedi e santseng e itsetletse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 &quot;Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting&quot;]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a aname le mafelo a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one a nwela kwa tlase ga lefatshe kwa motsweding wa metsi a a seng boteng thata a a ka fa tlase, pele ga dimela di a monya. Bontsi jwa metsi otlhe a a gorogang mo makgobokgobong a felela a tsewa ke phefo (a mowafala) a bo a tsewa ke phefo go tswa mo dimeleng. 

Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.&lt;ref&gt;Keen, Cecil (1997). &quot;[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S. (1993). &quot;The great inland deltas of Africa&quot;. ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa 2013 kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders&quot;]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la ''bo''-sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [[&quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;.]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Leina  ==

Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo leineng ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html &quot;Okavango River&quot;]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata ''Kavango'' fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo la Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.&lt;ref&gt;Eckl, Andreas (2007). [[&quot;Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911&quot;]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]]

== Popego (Motheo) ==

=== Merwalela ===
Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e e tlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km (750 mi) mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km&lt;sup&gt;²&lt;/sup&gt; (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo).

Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke phefo kgotsa mowa o o molelo, go tswa le mo dimeleng tota, seo se baka  kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnang makgetho a le mararo&lt;ref&gt;C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [[&quot;Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management&quot;]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; a a neng a sa tlhaloganyesege  go fitlhela ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e  lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang go sa neng ga pula mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one sa gale le gale, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokano ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika.

Makgobokgobo a ikadile a le sephaphathi, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (2 m/ 7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi), fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|&quot;Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting&quot;]]. ''Biodiversity &amp; Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). &quot;The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications&quot;. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go elela ga Metsi ===

=== Letsha (Lecha) ===
Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. 
[[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a  maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]]

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai ===
Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di sa kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.&lt;ref&gt;Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 &quot;Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress&quot;.] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare jaanong se melang gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.&lt;ref&gt;Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm &quot;Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]]

=== Chief's Island ===
Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.

== Tsa metsi ==
Melatswana e tshelang Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tlholega ka bontsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e e nneleng ka go kopana ga dinoka tsa Cubango le Cuito mo Angola pele ga e elela e ralala Namibia e tsena mo Botswana. Mo go tseneng mo makgobokgobong gaufi le Mohembo, noka e kgaogana go nna melatswana e e matswakabele, go nne fa noka e tlhatsetsang teng, matsha, ''di-swamp'' tsa se nnela-ruri tse di thusang go tshegega nngwe ya makgobokgobo a a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe a a mo gare ga mpa ya lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 1165–1172. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T.S. (2023). &quot;Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

Melapo e megolo (e e ntshang metsi go tswa mo makgobokgobong) e akaretsa Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, le dinokana tsa Jao. Melapo e e bowa e anamisa metsi a merwalela a tlang le dipaka tse di farologaneng, go ralala makgobokgobo, se se bo se dira gore go nne le mafaratlhatlha a mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a a nnang a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe, le a a nnang a na le metsi a mantsi ka dinako tse dingwe, a a thusang gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report (Report). OKACOM. 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Gieske, A. (1997). &quot;Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''193''': 214–239. [[Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.|doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo e ka nnang 96-98% ya metsi a a tsenang mo makgobokgobong, a latlhega ka go tsewa ke phefo ga metsi le a dimela (evapotranspiration), go tsena kafa tlase ga lefatshe (groundwater recharge), le go tsewa ke phefo (evaporation), fa fela karolo e nnye ya one e tswa/latlhega ka go ya le dinoka tsa Thamalakane le Boteti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Climate (''Tlelaemete'') ==
[[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]]
Botala jo tseneletseng jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e pula ntsi; mme, ke lefelo le le nnang le metsi (oasis) mo lefatsheng le le sekaka. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa a tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm &quot;The Okavango Delta | Botswana&quot;]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse dinang pula ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e nne 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo  a a mololo go ya kwa botsididinyaneng. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana &quot;Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time&quot;]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmuane wa serame wa bonala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta &quot;A Year in the Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e dikgwetlho thata mo baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme go se neng ga pula go kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;.] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]]
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, la mefutafuta e mentsi ya diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref&gt;Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm &quot;Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' (tse di tumileng) tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu, di teng.&lt;ref&gt;Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf &quot;Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons&quot;] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.&lt;ref&gt;Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. &amp; Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.&lt;/ref&gt; Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). &quot;Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]&lt;/ref&gt; phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,&lt;ref&gt;Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf &quot;Status report for the cheetah in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].&lt;ref&gt;Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). &quot;Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]]
Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),&lt;ref&gt;Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-881173-70-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). &quot;The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.&lt;ref&gt;IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html &quot;Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population&quot;]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens &quot;Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens&quot;]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhapi ===
Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tse di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf &quot;The Fishes of the Okavango Delta&quot;] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dimela ==
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo tshikeng di le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng tse: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo lefelong le tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo bothokong jwa melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le go pota ka-kwa ga dikhutlong tsa mafelo a bojang a a emang metsi a merwalela, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta e e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''di-swamp'' tse di sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a di-swamp/''mogobe'' tse di  kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo di-swamp/''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane wa ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|&quot;Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook&quot;.]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) gotsa dipota tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka e mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela gantsi, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi teng, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela ka bontsi di ka kgonang go mela.&lt;ref&gt;Nanson, G. C.; Gibling, M. R. (1978). ''Rivers and alluvial fans''. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 925–952. [[Doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7 173.|doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173.]] ISBN 978-3-540-31079-2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Batho ==
[[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]]
Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

* [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva),
* Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku),
* [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei),
* Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda)
* Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe).

Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Ba-Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ &quot;Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network&quot;.] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke [[Basarwa]] (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa ditsompelo tsa dikgwa le tsa dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo ditsompelong tsa dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango mo Angola le mo Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana mo karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le [[Noka ya Boteti]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ &quot;Wayeyi&quot;]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x &quot;The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana&quot;]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. 

Makgobokgobo a Okavango a ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]]) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).&lt;ref&gt;Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 &quot;Ditso Tsa Batawana&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba  eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-[[Bangwato]] se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo,  Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong  e gola thata.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (1997). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega.

== Bojanala ==
Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa one tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le makgolokgolo le dikete-kete ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile, toropo ya [[Maun]] ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa matlo a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi  le maeto ka mokoro.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf &quot;Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago mo tikologong ka fa o ntse o na tiriso ya madi e e kwa godimo ya baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.&lt;ref&gt;International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melapo (''water streams'') ==
[[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]]
Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogele bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo kgaolong e e le molapo.&lt;ref&gt;kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ &quot;June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee&quot;]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a tsegeditsweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa temo ya fa merwalela e kokobetse.&lt;ref&gt;Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.  &lt;/ref&gt;

== Matshosetsi  a a ka nnang teng ==
Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021, di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.&lt;ref&gt;Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html &quot;ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia&quot;]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore mabeelo a metsi a tlholego mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region &quot;A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region&quot;]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ &quot;Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout&quot;]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk &quot;Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk&quot;.] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;ReconAfrica e boletse gore, &quot;Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ &quot;Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project&quot;]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ &quot;OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlhiwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 &quot;FindArticles.com - CBSi&quot;.] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho ba kgaolo e mo lefelong le, le go giwa kapa go dirisiwa ga metsi ga ba ba mo kgaolong, mo Angola le mo Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ &quot;Threats - Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [http://www.okavangodelta.com/about/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ &quot;Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice&quot;]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba, o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (''documentary'') ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go rua leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). &quot;Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (''policy'') ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa kwa godimo (mo loaping) ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ga ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us &quot;About Conservation International Botswana&quot;]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona gape ==

* Kalahari Basin

== Metswedi ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="41110" sha1="798ds0mfc56q8qg2fr9blc7cbocbb3s" xml:space="preserve">'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Naga ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo [[Botswana]] kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e fitlhelela mogorogoro o o tlhatlogileng ka dimethara tse di makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go tsena sekete (930–1,000 m/ 3,050–3,280 ft),&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf &quot;Ramsar Information Sheet&quot;] (PDF). 1996. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;  mo karolong e e fa gare ya mokgatsha wa ''endorheic'' wa Sekaka sa Kalahari (Kgalagadi). 

Ke lefelo la [[UNESCO]] la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe jaaka e le engwe ya makgobokgobo a fitlhelwang mo teng ga mpa ya lefatshe e e sa elelaleng kwa lewatleng, e na le naga e e nand le metswedi e santseng e itsetletse.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt; Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 &quot;Twenty six new properties added to World Heritage List at Doha meeting&quot;]. ''Whc.unesco.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234247/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1162 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le moo, metsi a morwalela a aname le mafelo a a tletseng motlhaba le mo ditlhaketlhakeng, mme karolo e kgolo ya one a nwela kwa tlase ga lefatshe kwa motsweding wa metsi a a seng boteng thata a a ka fa tlase, pele ga dimela di a monya. Bontsi jwa metsi otlhe a a gorogang mo makgobokgobong a felela a tsewa ke phefo (a mowafala) a bo a tsewa ke phefo go tswa mo dimeleng. 

Ngwaga le ngwaga, metsi a a ka nnang selekanyo sa 11 km&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (2.6 cu mi) a anama mo lefelong leno la 6,000–15,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (2,300–5,800 sq mi). Metsi mangwe a morwalela a elela mo Letsheng la Ngami.&lt;ref&gt;Keen, Cecil (1997). &quot;[http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Okavango Delta&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116102605/http://www.greatestplaces.org/notes/okavango.htm Archived] from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 27 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo e e kile ya bo e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi]], letsha la bogologolo tala le le neng le kgadile thata kwa tshimologong ya ''[[:en:Holocene|Holocene]]''.&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S. (1993). &quot;The great inland deltas of Africa&quot;. ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''17''' (3): 275–291. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993JAfES..17..275M :1993JAfES..17..275M.] [[doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y|doi:10.1016/0899-5362(93)90073-Y.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Moremi Game Reserve]] e mo ntlheng ya botlhaba tsatsi jwa makgobokgobo a. Makgobokgobo a a ne a kaiwa e le nngwe ya ''Seven Natural Wonders of Africa'', a neng ya tshwaiwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e malatsi a lesome le motso ka ngwaga wa 2013 kwa Arusha, [[Tanzania]].&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Seven Natural Wonders of Africa – Seven Natural Wonders&quot;]]. ''sevennaturalwonders.org''. Archived from the original on 21 December 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;  Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi ale masome a mabedi le bobedi, ngwaga wa 2014, Makgobokgobo a Okavango e ne ya nna lefelo la ''bo''-sekete go kwadisiwa semmuso mo Lenaaneng la Ngwaoboswa ya Lefatshe ya UNESCO.&lt;ref&gt;Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. [[&quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;.]] ''Whc.unesco.org''. Archived from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

== Leina  ==

Leina ''Okavango'' le tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e le yone e tswang mo leineng ''Kavango'', e e kayang batho ba Kavango ba kwa bokone jwa Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;Water, John Misachi September 2 2021 in Bodies of (2 September 2021). [https://www.worldatlas.com/rivers/okavango-river.html &quot;Okavango River&quot;]. ''WorldAtlas''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mekwalo ya bogologolo ya Seesemane e ne e akaretsa ''Okovango'', fa bakanoki bangwe ba kwa Namibia ba rata ''Kavango'' fa ba bua ka noka le kgaolo ya Namibia. Mokwala-ditso Andreas Eckl o bolela fa dipego tsa German colonial di ne di dirisa ''Okavango'', mme gore tlhaka ya ntlha ya ''O-'' ga e a tlwaelesega mo ditemeng tsa lefelo leo la Kavango, mme ka moo e ile ya amanngwa le tlhotlheletso ya Ba-Herero.&lt;ref&gt;Eckl, Andreas (2007). [[&quot;Reports from 'beyond the line': The accumulation of knowledge of Kavango and its peoples by the German colonial administration 1891–1911&quot;]] (PDF). ''Journal of Namibian Studies''. '''1''': 7–37. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:DeltaOkawango.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa ''sathalaete'' (SeaWiFS) sa Makgobokgobo a Okavango, go tsentswe le melelwane ya mafatshe]]

== Popego (Motheo) ==

=== Merwalela ===
Okavango e dirwa ke merwalela e e tlang le dipaka tsa ngwaga. Noka ya Okavango e gelela pula ya selemo (Firikgong-Tlhakole) go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa [[Angola]] mme e elela sekgala sa 1200 km (750 mi) mo selekanong sa kgwedi e le nngwe. Morago ga moo, metsi a anama mo lefelong la makgobokgobo a bophara jwa 37 500 km&lt;sup&gt;²&lt;/sup&gt; (14,500 sq mi) mo dikgweding di le nne tse di latelang (Mopitlo-Seetebosigo).

Mogote o o ko godimo wa makgobokgobo o baka tatlhego e ntsi ya metsi a a tsewang ke phefo kgotsa mowa o o molelo, go tswa le mo dimeleng tota, seo se baka  kgolo le kwelotlase ya metsi e e nnang makgetho a le mararo&lt;ref&gt;C. N. Kurugundla; N. M. Moleele; K.Dikgola. [[&quot;Flow Partitioning Within the Okavango Delta –A Pre-requisite for Environmental Flow Assessment for Human Livelihoods and Sustainable Biodiversity Management&quot;]] (PDF). University of Botswana. pp. 8–9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; a a neng a sa tlhaloganyesege  go fitlhela ka tshimologo ya dingwaga tsa ''20th century''. Merwalela e nna magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Seetebosigo le Phatwe, ka nako e  lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le itemogelang go sa neng ga pula mo dikgweding tsa mariga, foo makgobokgobo a tlale a penologe go ka nna gararo ga selekanyo sa one sa gale le gale, mme se se ngoke diphologolo go tswa dikilometara tse di seng kae di dire nngwe ya kgobokano ya diphologolo tsa naga tse dintsi mo Aferika.

Makgobokgobo a ikadile a le sephaphathi, selekanyo sa pharologanyo ya go tsholetsega ga dimithata tse di ko tlase ga bobedi (2 m/ 7 ft) go anama le 15,000 km² (5,800 sq mi), fa metsi one a kgokologe ka selekanyo sa dimithata di ka nna masome a marataro (200 ft) go tswa Mohembo go tsena mo Maun.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wehberg, Jan (31 December 2013). [[doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|&quot;Okavango Basin - Physicogeographical setting&quot;]]. ''Biodiversity &amp; Ecology''. '''5''': 11. [[Doi:10.7809/b-e.00236|doi:10.7809/b-e.00236]].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Gumbricht, T. (1 September 2001). &quot;The topography of the Okavango Delta, Botswana, and its tectonic and sedimentological implications&quot;. ''South African Journal of Geology''. '''104''' (3): 243–264. [[Bibcode:2001SAJG..104..243G.]] [[Doi:10.2113/1040243.|doi:10.2113/1040243.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Go elela ga Metsi ===

=== Letsha (Lecha) ===
Fa metsi a fokotsega ka iketlo, metsi a nna a ntse a le teng mo melapong le mo dinokeng, mo mesimeng ya metsi le mo matsheng a le mmalwa a magolo, mme seno se baka koketsego ya diphologolo. 
[[Setshwantsho:Vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 32.jpg|thumb|Lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng la Makgadikgadi a Okavango, le na le melatswana le matsha a a sa tsamaiweng ke ope, mafelo a  maphatshapatsha le ditlhaketlhake]]

=== Ditlhaketlhake tsa letswai ===
Go kgobokana ga letswai go dikologa medi ya dimela go dira gore go nne le mafelo a masweu a a se nang sepe mo gare ga ditlhaketlhake di le diketekete, tse di setseng di na le letswai le lentsi thata mo dimela di sa kgoneng go tshela mo go tsone, kwantle fela ga ditlhare tsa mokolane tse tle di nne teng tse di kgonang go emelana le letswai. Ditlhare le bojang di gola mo motlhabeng o o dikologileng ditlhaketlhake tseno tse di iseng di nne letswai thata.&lt;ref&gt;Balasubramaniam, T.; Shen, G.; Esmaeili, N.; Zhang, H. (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 &quot;Plants' Response Mechanisms to Salinity Stress&quot;.] ''Plants (Basel, Switzerland)''. '''12'''(12): 2253. [[Bibcode:2023Plnts..12.2253B]]. [[Doi:10.3390/plants12122253.|doi:10.3390/plants12122253.]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10300796 PMC 10300796]. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37375879 PMID 37375879.]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Mo e ka nnang bosupa mo lesomeng (70%) ya ditlhaketlhake e simolotse e le diolo tsa motlhwa (gantsi ''Macrotermes'' spp.), mo setlhare jaanong se melang gone mo thotobolong ya mmu.&lt;ref&gt;Dunford, Chris. [http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm &quot;Nature explored:Moremi/Okavango Delta in August&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055602/http://www.nature-explored.com/moremi-okavango-august.htm Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Shinde Lagoon, Okavango Delta, Botswana.jpg|thumb|Shinde Lagoon, e bonwa go tswa kwa loaping]]

=== Chief's Island ===
Chief's Island (19°12′S 22°48′E), setlhaketlhake se segolo go di feta tsotlhe mo makgobokgobong, se ne sa bopiwa ke ''mola'' o o neng wa tlhatlosa lefelo le le boleele jwa 70 km (43 mi) le bophara jwa 15 km (9.3 mi). Mo nakong e e fetileng, e ne e le lefelo le le seelegetsweng fa thoko go nna la go tsoma ga ga kgosi fela, mme gone jaanong ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la diphologolo tsa naga. Jaanong ke lefelo la konokono la bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga, fa metsi a tlhatloga.

== Tsa metsi ==
Melatswana e tshelang Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tlholega ka bontsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Okavango, e e nneleng ka go kopana ga dinoka tsa Cubango le Cuito mo Angola pele ga e elela e ralala Namibia e tsena mo Botswana. Mo go tseneng mo makgobokgobong gaufi le Mohembo, noka e kgaogana go nna melatswana e e matswakabele, go nne fa noka e tlhatsetsang teng, matsha, ''di-swamp'' tsa se nnela-ruri tse di thusang go tshegega nngwe ya makgobokgobo a a matona mo lefatsheng lotlhe a a mo gare ga mpa ya lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 1165–1172. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T.S. (2023). &quot;Spatial and temporal controls on the solute behavior of rivers in arid watersheds: The Okavango River&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. [[Doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129370]].&lt;/ref&gt; 

Melapo e megolo (e e ntshang metsi go tswa mo makgobokgobong) e akaretsa Boro, Maunachira, Thaoge, Santantadibe, Nqoga, le dinokana tsa Jao. Melapo e e bowa e anamisa metsi a merwalela a tlang le dipaka tse di farologaneng, go ralala makgobokgobo, se se bo se dira gore go nne le mafaratlhatlha a mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a a nnang a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe, le a a nnang a na le metsi a mantsi ka dinako tse dingwe, a a thusang gore go nne le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;Okavango River Basin Environmental Flow Assessment: Hydrology Report (Report). OKACOM. 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Gieske, A. (1997). &quot;Modelling outflow from the Jao/Boro River system in the Okavango Delta&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''193''': 214–239. [[Doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.|doi:10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03147-2.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo e ka nnang 96-98% ya metsi a a tsenang mo makgobokgobong, a latlhega ka go tsewa ke phefo ga metsi le a dimela (evapotranspiration), go tsena kafa tlase ga lefatshe (groundwater recharge), le go tsewa ke phefo (evaporation), fa fela karolo e nnye ya one e tswa/latlhega ka go ya le dinoka tsa Thamalakane le Boteti.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wolski, P. (2003). &quot;Water flow dynamics in the Okavango River Basin and Delta&quot;. ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. [[Doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.|doi:10.1016/S1474-7065(03)00206-7.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Climate (''Tlelaemete'') ==
[[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta.jpg|thumb|Go bonala ga makgobokgobo go tswa kwa godimo (loapi) jaaka metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega, Phatwe 2012]]
Botala jo tseneletseng jwa Makgobokgobo ga bo bakwe ke ''tlelaemete'' e e pula ntsi; mme, ke lefelo le le nnang le metsi (oasis) mo lefatsheng le le sekaka. Selekanyetso sa pula e e nang ngwaga le ngwaga ke 450 mm (18 in) (mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa bongwe-mo-borarong jwa kgaolo ya Angola kwa a tsayang metsi teng) ebile bontsi jwa yone, pula, e na magareng ga Sedimonthole le Mopitlo e le mo sebopegong sa dipula tsa matlakadibe tsa motshegare.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.namibweb.com/okavangodelta.htm &quot;The Okavango Delta | Botswana&quot;]. ''www.namibweb.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Sedimonthole go tsena ka Tlhakole ke dikgwedi tse di mogote le tse dinang pula ka selekanyo-sa-mogote wa motshegare o o kgonang go tsoletsegela kwa go 40 °C (104 °F), masigo a a mololo (bothitho), le maemo a bongola mo phefong a a tsamayang magareng ga 50 le 80%. Go tloga ka Mopitlo go tsena Motsheganong, selekanyo-sa-mogote se a fokotsega, o o ko godimo e nne 30 °C (86 °F) motshegare le masigo  a a mololo go ya kwa botsididinyaneng. Dipula di kgaota ka bonako mme go bo go latela dikgwedi tse go senang pula le tse di tsididi tsa mariga tsa Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe. Mo nakong eno ya ngwaga, seemo sa mogote wa motshegare ga se kwa godimo thata, mme mogote o ye ko tlase thata fa letsatsi le sena go phirima. Masigo a tle a nne tsididi mo makgobokgobong, ka serame se se gaufi le 0 °C.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana &quot;Botswana climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time&quot;]. ''Climatestotravel.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055436/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/botswana Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 15 May 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Ka dinako tse dingwe tsa mariga, mmuane wa serame wa bonala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.naturalhistoryfilmunit.com/post/a-year-in-the-okavango-delta &quot;A Year in the Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Naturalhistoryfilmunit.com''.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lwetse go ya ko go Ngwanatsele, mogote le mokete-jwa-mowa-o-o-mo-lefaufaung (''atmospheric pressure'') di bowa di oketsega, fa paka ya mariga (e senang pula) e tsena mo pakeng ya dipula. Phalane ke kgwedi e e dikgwetlho thata mo baeng: gantsi seemo sa mogote sa motshegare se feta 40 °C (104 °F) mme go se neng ga pula go kgaupediwa fela ka dinako tse dingwe ke go thunya ga maru ga tshoganetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;UNEP-WCMC (22 May 2017). [https://www.yichuans.me/datasheet/output/site/okavango-delta/ &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;.] ''World Heritage Datasheet''. Retrieved 17 May 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Diphologolo/ditshidi tsa makgobokgobo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Cheetah at Sunset.jpg|thumb|Letlotse le senoga fa pele ga phirimo ya letsatsi mo makgobokgobong]]
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la se nnela ruri le la dipaka dingwe, la mefutafuta e mentsi ya diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref&gt;Bradley, John H. (October 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091119220225/http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm &quot;Gliding in a Mokoro Through the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Cape Town to Cairo Website''. CapeTowntoCairo.com. Archived from [http://www.capetowntocairo.com/travelogue/gliding-in-a-mokoro-through-the-okavango-delta.htm the original] on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Diphologolo tsotlhe ''tse tlhano tse dikgolo'' (tse di tumileng) tsa naga, [[tau]], [[Lengau|nkwe]]/[[lengau]] (lengau), nare ya Aferika, [[Tlou ya AFORIKA|tlou ya Aferika,]] tshukudu e ntsho le e tshweu, di teng.&lt;ref&gt;Galpine, N. J. (2006). [https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf &quot;Boma management of black and white rhinoceros at Mombo, Okavango Delta — some lessons&quot;] (PDF). ''Ecological Journal''. '''7''': 55−61. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165941/https://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/pdf_files/120/1203674763.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Phologolo e e tletseng thata e le kgolwane e amusa (seamusi) ke letswee (red lechwe), e go fopholediwang gore di ka tswa di le 88 000.&lt;ref&gt;Chase, M.; Schlossberg, S.; Landen, K.; Sutcliffe, R.; Seonyatseng, E.; Keitsile, A. &amp; Flyman, M. (2018). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/307968091 Dry Season Aerial Survey of Elephants and Wildlife in Northern Botswana] (Report). Botswana: Elephants Without Borders, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks and the Great Elephant Census.&lt;/ref&gt; Mefuta e mengwe ya ditshedi e akaretsa [[thutlwa]], kgokong, pitse ya naga, [[kubu]],&lt;ref&gt;McCarthy, T. S.; Ellery, W. N.; Bloem, A. (1998). &quot;Some observations on the geomorphological impact of hippopotamus (''Hippopotamus amphibius'' L.) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''African Journal of Ecology''. '''36''' (1): 44−56. [[Bibcode:1998AfJEc..36...44M. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2028.1998.89-89089.x.]]&lt;/ref&gt; phala, phofu, tholo, kwalata, tshepe e khibidu, ''puku'', tumoga (waterbuck), ''sitatunga'', ''tsessebe'', letlotse,&lt;ref&gt;Klein, R. (2007). [http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf &quot;Status report for the cheetah in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Cat News''. Special Issue 1: 13−21. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015402/http://www.catsg.org/fileadmin/filesharing/3.Conservation_Center/3.2._Status_Reports/Cheetah/Klein_2007_Cheetah_in_Botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; lekanyane (letlhalerwa), [[phiri]], phokojwe, [[Thwane(Caracal)|thwane]], tadi, thakadu, thukwi, motlhose, mmutla, matshwane, kolobe ya naga, tshwene, kgabo le [[kwena]].&lt;ref&gt;Wallace, K. M.; Leslie, A. J. (2008). &quot;Diet of the Nile crocodile (''Crocodylus niloticus'') in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Herpetology''. '''42''' (2): 361−368. [[Doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.|doi:10.1670/07-1071.1.]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:46987629 S2CID 46987629].&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Antílopes lechwes (Kobus leche), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 27.jpg|thumb|Setlhophanyana sa letswee, Makgobokgobo a Okavango ]]
Makgobokgobo a gape a na le mefuta e fetang 400 ya dinonyana, e akaretsa le kgaka, kgoadira (ntsu o mogolo), morubisi, legou, ''lefaloa'', mogatsakwena (mmatshwii), ''African skimmer'', ghube, leowang, ''molomo-swana'', legololwane (legoloane), lehututu, mogolodi (mogolori),&lt;ref&gt;Alonso, L. E.; Nordin, L.-A., eds. (2003). ''A rapid biological assessment of the aquatic ecosystems of the Okavango Delta, Botswana: High Water Survey''. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment. Vol. 27. Washington, DC: Conservation International. [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-881173-70-4|ISBN &lt;bdi&gt;1-881173-70-4&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; ''letleretlere (letlhakela)'', ramolongwana (mmamolongwana/tlhagwe) le mmantshe.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E.; Mbaiwa, O. I. (2006). &quot;The effects of veterinary fences on wildlife populations in Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''International Journal of Wilderness''. '''12''' (3): 17−41. [[Hdl:10311/28.|hdl:10311/28.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa e sale ka 2005, lefelo le le sireleditsweng le, ntse le tsewa jaaka Lefelo la Tshomarelo ya Ditau (Lion Conservation Unit ) gammogo le Hwange National Park.&lt;ref&gt;IUCN Cat Specialist Group (2006). ''Conservation Strategy for the Lion'' Panthera leo ''in Eastern and Southern Africa''. Pretoria, South Africa: IUCN.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka 2019, ditshukudu di ka nna 150 di ne di tshela kwa bokone jwa Makgobokgobo a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html &quot;Poaching, Natural Causes Decimate Botswana's Rhino Population&quot;]. ''Voa News''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230713113217/https://www.voanews.com/a/poaching-natural-causes-decimate-botswana-s-rhino-population/6972651.html Archived] from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2020 go fitlha ka 2021, ditshukudu di le 92 di ne tsa bolawa ke magodu a di phologolo mo kgaolong ya makgobokgobo ga sala fela di le 40, se sa dira gore puso e fuduse ditshukudu tseo go tswa mo Makgobokgobong a Okavango.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens &quot;Botswana Moves Rhinos Out of Okavango Delta as Poaching Worsens&quot;]. ''Bloomberg''. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221122041225/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-10-23/botswana-moves-rhinos-out-of-okavango-delta-as-poaching-worsens Archived] from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 13 July 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditlhapi ===
Makgobokgobo a Okavango a na le mefuta e le 71 ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa le ditlhapi tsa ngwesi, mefuta ya di-tilapia le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi tsa ''babore.'' Ditlhapi tse di farologana ka bogolo go tloga ka ''babore'' ya Afrika e e nang le meno a a bogale e e boleele jwa dimetara di le 1,4 (1,4 m/4.6 ft) go ya go e e boleele jwa disentimetara di le 3,2 (3,2 cm/1.3 in) jwa ''sickle barb''. Mefuta e e tshwanang e, e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Zambezi, e supa ditso tsa kamano magareng ga dinoka tse pedi tse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162829/http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf &quot;The Fishes of the Okavango Delta&quot;] (PDF). ''Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre''. 2007. Archived from [http://www.orc.ub.bw/downloads/FS3_fish.pdf the original] (PDF) on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Dimela ==
Makgobokgobo a Okavango ke legae la dimela di le 1068 tse di tswang mo tshikeng di le 134 le mo mefuteng e le 530.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AqSci..68..310R Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt; Go na le mefuta e le metlhano e e botlhokwa ya dimela mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng tse: ''Papyrus cyperus'' mo metsing a a boteng, ''Miscanthus'' mo mafelong a a nang le go elelela metsi a a seng boteng, le ''Phragmites australis'', ''Typha capensis'' le ''Pycreus'' fa gare ga tsone. Mefuta ya ditshedi tse di nnang mo lefelong le tse gantsi di fitlhelwang mo ''di-swamp/mogobe'' tse di sa kgaleng, gape di atologa go ya kwa mafelong a a nang le merwalela e tlang le dipaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Fa lotlhaka le melang teng la ''Papyrus cyperus,'' le gola sentle mo metsing a a elelang ka bonya a a boteng, mme eseng thata, mme e bonala thata mo bothokong jwa melapo. Mo ditlhaketlhakeng le go pota ka-kwa ga dikhutlong tsa mafelo a bojang a a emang metsi a merwalela, go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela. Mefuta e e fitlhelwa go ya ka gore e rata metsi a ntseng jang: sekai, ''Philenoptera violacea'' e tlhoka metsi a mannye, e fitlhelwa kwa mafelong a a tsholetsegileng thata mo mafelong a ''di-swamp'' tse di sa kgaleng, ebile e tlwaelesegile mo mafelong a ditlhaketlhake a di-swamp/''mogobe'' tse di  kgalang. Ditlhare tse di fitlhelwang fela mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo di-swamp/''mogobeng'' o o sa kgaleng, di kopantse tsa mokolane wa ''Hyphaene petersiana'' le tsa moaka.&lt;ref&gt;Ramberg, Lars (2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226358917 &quot;Species diversity of the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;]. ''Aquatic Sciences''. '''68''' (3): 316. [[Bibcode:2006AqSci..68..310R.]] [[Doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y|doi:10.1007/s00027-006-0857-y]] – via ResearchGate.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Toerien, D. K. (15 August 1976). [[doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179|&quot;Geologie van die Tsitsikamakusstrook&quot;.]] ''Koedoe''. '''19''' (1). [[Doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.|doi:10.4102/koedoe.v19i1.1179.]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2071-0771 ISSN 2071-0771.]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dimela tsa makgobokgobo di na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo go thibeleng kgogolego/kgopo ya mmu. Gantsi ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) gotsa dipota tsa noka di na le seretse se sentsi, mme seno se kopana le motlhaba o o mo nokeng go dira gore ''dintshi'' (lotshitshi) tsa noka di nne di ntse di oketsega. Metsi a noka e mo makgobokgobong a na le motlhaba fela gantsi, ka gonne metsi a a phepa a Okavango a na le seretse se sennye. Dimela di tshegetsa motlhaba, di dira jaaka sekgomaretsi fa seretse se seng sentsi teng, mme ka go dira jalo di atolosa/oketsa ditlhaketlhake tse mo go tsone dimela ka bontsi di ka kgonang go mela.&lt;ref&gt;Nanson, G. C.; Gibling, M. R. (1978). ''Rivers and alluvial fans''. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 925–952. [[Doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7 173.|doi:10.1007/3-540-31079-7_173.]] ISBN 978-3-540-31079-2&lt;/ref&gt;

== Batho ==
[[Setshwantsho:Travesía del delta del Okavango en makoro, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 22.jpg|thumb|Mokaedi wa Mo-Hambukushu o tsamaisa mokoro ka thobana mo metsing a makgobokgobo a tlhatsitse]]
Batho ba Makgobokgobo a Okavango ba na le ditlhopha di le tlhano tsa merafe, nngwe le nngwe e na le letso lwa yone le puo ya yone:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana-info.com/country/article/296/okavango-delta &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''www.botswana-info.com''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; 

* [[BaHambukushu|Ba-Hambukushu]] (ba gape ba itsegeng e le Mbukushu, Bukushu, Bukusu, Mabukuschu, Ghuva, Haghuva),
* Ba-Dceriku (Dxeriku, Diriku, Gciriku, Gceriku, Giriku, Niriku),
* [[Bayeyi|Ba-Wayeyi]] (Bayei, Bayeyi, Yei),
* Ba-Bugakhwe (Kxoe, Khwe, Kwengo, Barakwena, Glanda/Ggadgadanda)
* Ba-llanikhwe (Gxanekwe,  lltanekwe, ''River Bushmen'', ''Swamp Bushmen'', Gllani,  llani, Xanekwe).

Ba-Hambukushu, Dceriku, le Ba-Wayeyi ka tlwaelo ba na le itsholelo e e tswakantsweng ya temo ya lebelebele/mabele, go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma, go bapala dimela tsa naga, le go rua diruiwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://livinglakes.org/okavango-delta/ &quot;Okavango Delta - Living Lakes Network&quot;.] 20 December 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Bugakhwe le Ba-llanikwhe ke [[Basarwa]] (Bushmen), ba ba tlwaetseng go tshwara ditlhapi, go tsoma le go bapala dimela tsa naga; Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba dirisa ditsompelo tsa dikgwa le tsa dinoka, fa ba-llanikhwe bone ba ne ba tsepama thata mo ditsompelong tsa dinoka. Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le ba-Bugakhwe ba fitlhelwa go bapa le Noka ya Okavango mo Angola le mo Caprivi Strip kwa Namibia, mme manoto a Ba-Hambukushu le Ba-Bugakhwe a fitlhelwa le kwa Zambia. Mo teng ga Makgobokgobo a Okavango, mo dingwageng tse di ka nnang 150 le go feta tse di fetileng, Ba-Hambukushu, Ba-Dceriku le Ba-Bugakhwe ba ne ba nna mo karolong ya tsela ya noka le kwa Magwegqana mo karolong e e kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa makgobokgobo. Ba-llanikhwe ba nna mo lefelong la tsela ya noka le go bapa le Noka ya Boro go ralala makgobokgobo, gammogo le lefelo le le bapileng le [[Noka ya Boteti]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;[https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ &quot;Wayeyi&quot;]. ''Minority Rights Group''. 19 June 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215842/https://minorityrights.org/minorities/wayeyi/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba nna mo lefelong le le dikologileng Seronga ga mmogo le kwa borwa jwa makgobokgobo go dikologa Maun, ebile Ba-Wayeyi&lt;ref&gt;Campbell, Alexander Colin; N’teta, Doreen (March 1980). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x &quot;The National Museum and Art Gallery, Gaborone, Botswana&quot;]. ''Museum International''. '''32''' (1–2): 61–66. [[Doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x|doi:10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x]]. [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1350-0775 ISSN 1350-0775.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906044710/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1980.tb01909.x Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; ba le mmalwa ba nna mo legaeng la bone le go tsewang e le la borraabonemogolo kwa Caprivi Strip. Mo dingwageng tse 20 tse di fetileng batho ba le bantsi go tswa mo kgaolong ya Okavango ba ne ba fudugela kwa Maun, kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960 le mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo1970, batshabi ba Ba-Hambukushu ba feta 4000 go tswa kwa Angola ba ne ba fiwa bonno mo lefelong le le dikologileng Etsha kwa bophirima jwa tsela ya noka. 

Makgobokgobo a Okavango a ntse e le ka fa tlase ga taolo (ya semolao) ya Batawana (setshaba sa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]]) fa e sale kwa bokhutlong jwa ''ngwagakgolo'' wa bo 18 (1700s).&lt;ref&gt;Segolodi, Moanaphuti (1940). [https://www.academia.edu/12170767 &quot;Ditso Tsa Batawana&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306233801/https://www.academia.edu/12170767 Archived] from the original on 6 March 2023. Retrieved 1 May 2015.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba  eteletswe pele ke ba ntlo ya ga Mathiba I, yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Ba-[[Bangwato]] se se neng sa tswa mo go se segolo,  Batawana ba ne ba nna le taolo e e feletseng mo makgobokgobong ka dingwaga tsa bo1850 fa kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou ya mo kgaolong  e gola thata.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (1997). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[Doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.|doi:10.1080/02582479708671276.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Batawana ba le bantsi ba ntse ba nna fa thoko/kwa bofelong jwa makgobokgobo, ka ntlha ya go bo ntsi ya tsetse e le motlhabetsi/borai mo dikgomong tsa bone. Ka nako ya dingwaga tsa phudugo di ka nna 40, ntsi ya tsetse ya boela morago mme bontsi jwa Ba-Batawana ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a tletseng metsi go tloga ka 1896 go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1930. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, bofelelo/molelwane wa makgobokgobo bo ntse bo tlala ka batho le leruo tse dintseng di oketsega.

== Bojanala ==
Naga ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango le diphologolo tsa one tsa naga di ngoka bajanala ba le makgolokgolo le dikete-kete ka ngwaga le ngwaga, ebile, toropo ya [[Maun]] ke 'kgoro' ya go tsena mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/document/208817 Okavango Delta Management Plan 2021–2028](Report). Ministry of Environment, Natural Resources, Conservation and Tourism. July 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bojanala jwa segompieno jwa safari bo simolotse go nna teng kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1960, fa ''dikampa'' tsa ntlha tsa segompieno tsa safari di ne di agiwa mo makgobokgobong. Mo tsamaong ya nako, tsa bojanala tsa atologa tsa akaretsa matlo a baeti a safari a maemo a a kwa godimo, safari ya ''dikampa'' tse eseng tsa sennela ruri, ''kampa'' ya motho ka koloi, go lebelela dinonyane, go ya go bona diphologolo ka koloi, go fofa ka sefofane go bona mafelo a mantle, go tsamaya ka dinao o na le mokaedi, go itlosa bodutu ka go tshwara ditlhapi  le maeto ka mokoro.&lt;ref&gt;Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). [https://adpbotswana.pbworks.com/f/Enclave%2Btourism%2Band%2Bits%2Bsocio-economic%2Bimpacts.pdf &quot;Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''Tourism Management''. '''26''' (2): 157–172. [[Doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.|doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005.]] Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana ka kakaretso e rotloetsa mokgwa wa bojanala wa tlhotlhwa e e kwa godimo, dipalo tse di kwa tlase mo kgaolong ya Okavango, o o ikaeletseng go fokotsa ditlamorago mo tikologong ka fa o ntse o na tiriso ya madi e e kwa godimo ya baeti. Pego ya UNESCO ya 2014 e ne ya fitlhela fa go na le malao a le 2129 a bajanala mo lefelong le.&lt;ref&gt;International Union for Conservation of Nature (April 2014). [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/2014/whc14-38com-inf8B2-en.pdf IUCN Evaluations of Nominations of Natural and Mixed Properties to the World Heritage List] (PDF)(Report). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 2017 makgobokgobo a amogetse baeng ba le 52 638, ba le 43 363 e le bajanala ba batswakwa mme ba le 9 275 e ne e le beng-gae. Se ke karolo e nnye fela ya bajanala ba le sekete-kete (1 000 000) ba ba tswang kwa ntle ba ba etelang Botswana ngwaga le ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Tourism%20Statistics%20Annual%20Report%202023.pdf Tourism Statistics Annual Report 2023] (PDF)(Report). Statistics Botswana. Retrieved 12 May 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melapo (''water streams'') ==
[[Setshwantsho:BundPhoto.JPG|thumb|Dipota tse di laolang merwalela tse di dirisediwang temo ya dijalo tse di gananang le merwalela, mo molapong wa Okavango, mo Botswana]]
Morago ga paka ya merwalela, metsi a a kwa dikarolong tse di kwa tlase tsa makgobokgobo, gaufi le fa e simologang teng, a a fokotsega, a tlogele bongola mo mmung. Bongola jone jo bo salang bo dirisiwa go jala dijo tsa diruiwa le dijalo tse dingwe tse di kgonang go gola mo go jone. Lefelo le le itsege mo kgaolong e e le molapo.&lt;ref&gt;kmcgee (11 June 2023). [https://overlandwithkmcgee.com/june-12-the-okavango-delta/ &quot;June 12: The Okavango Delta - Overland Travel With KMcGee&quot;]. Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go tloga ka 1974 go ya go 1978, merwalela e ne e le ntsi thata go feta kafa go neng go tlwaelesegile ka teng mme go ne go sa kgonege go lema tsa nako ya merwalela e kokobetse, ka jalo go ne ga nna le tlhaelo e kgolo ya dijo le dijo tsa diruiwa. Ka ntlha ya seo, go ne ga simololwa ''Molapo Development Project''. E ne ya sireletsa mafelo a molapo ka dipota go laola merwalela le go thibela merwalela e e masisi. Dipota di na le dikgoro tse di bulegang gore metsi a a tsegeditsweng a kgone go tswa mme go bo go simololwa temo ya fa merwalela e kokobetse.&lt;ref&gt;Kortenhorst, L. F.; et al. (1986). ''[https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Development of flood-recession cropping in the molapo's of the Okavango Delta, Botswana]'' (PDF). Wageningen, The Netherlands: International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement. pp. 8–19. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170810013033/https://www.waterlog.info/pdf/molapos.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.  &lt;/ref&gt;

== Matshosetsi  a a ka nnang teng ==
Nngwe ya tse di ka nnang tsa baka matshosetsi ke go dupa leokwane (oil) ga kompone ya Canada ya ReconAfrica. Diphuputso tsa ditekeletso tsa kwa tshimologong ka Moranang 2021, di senotse go nna teng ga leokwane (oil) mo matlapeng a ''sedimentary''.&lt;ref&gt;Ltd, Reconnaissance Energy Africa. [https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/reconafrica-s-first-of-three-wells-confirms-a-working-petroleum-system-in-the-kavango-basin-namibia-865139500.html &quot;ReconAfrica's First of Three Wells Confirms a Working Petroleum System in the Kavango Basin, Namibia&quot;]. ''Newswire.ca''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt; Bakgathali-ka-tsa-tikologo ba tlhobaelela gore ''porojeke'' e e tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo tikologong le gore mabeelo a metsi a tlholego mangwe a magolo a ka nna mo diphatseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://e360.yale.edu/features/a-big-oil-project-in-africa-threatens-the-fragile-okavango-region &quot;A Big Oil Project in Africa Threatens Fragile Okavango Region&quot;]. ''Yale E360''. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 27 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ &quot;Growing concern over Okavango oil exploration as community alleges shutout&quot;]. ''Mongabay Environmental News''. 22 March 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220120055426/https://news.mongabay.com/2021/03/growing-concern-over-okavango-oil-exploration-as-community-alleges-shutout/ Archived] from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210427143948/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk &quot;Test drilling for oil in Namibia's Okavango region poses toxic risk&quot;.] ''Animals''. 12 March 2021. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/test-drilling-oil-namibia-poses-water-risk the original] on 27 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;ReconAfrica e boletse gore, &quot;Ditiragalo tse di rulagantsweng ga di kitla di senya tikologo.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ &quot;Frequently Asked Questions: ReconAfrica Initial Drilling Project&quot;]. ''reconafrica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210429185250/https://reconafrica.com/operations/frequently-asked-questions/ Archived] from the original on 29 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April2021.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Wilson-Spath, Andreas (15 December 2020). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ &quot;OP-ED: Paradise is closing down: The ghastly spectre of oil drilling and fracking in fragile Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Daily Maverick''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602220224/https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-15-paradise-is-closing-down-the-ghastly-spectre-of-oil-drilling-and-fracking-in-fragile-okavango-delta/ Archived] from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 2 June 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Puso ya Namibia e beile pele mananeo a go aga mafaratlhatlha a motlakase o fetlhiwang ka metsi, kwa Kgaolong ya Zambezi, se se tla laola go elela ga Okavango ka tsela nngwe. Fa batho ba ba buelelang mogopolo o ba re lenaneo le le ka nna le ditlamorago tse dinnye fela, ba ba buelelang go sirelediwa ga tikologo bone ba re lenaneo le le ka senyaka bontsi jwa diphologolo le dimela tse di mo makgobokgobong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa5327/is_200304/ai_n21327838 &quot;FindArticles.com - CBSi&quot;.] ''findarticles.com''. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Matshosetsi a mangwe a akaretsa go tsenelela ga batho ba kgaolo e mo lefelong le, le go giwa kapa go dirisiwa ga metsi ga ba ba mo kgaolong, mo Angola le mo Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ &quot;Threats - Okavango Delta&quot;]. ''Okavangodelta.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222105527/https://www.okavangodelta.com/general-information/threats/ the original] on 22 February 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2018.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ &quot;Chinese-Angolan project in Angola harvests over 1,200 tons of rice&quot;]. ''Macauhub English''. 11 March 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161104002158/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/03/11/chinese-angolan-project-in-angola-harvests-over-1200-tons-of-rice/ Archived] from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Motlhami wa dibaesekopo wa mo Aferika Borwa e bile e le motho yo o ratang go sireletsa dilo tsa tlholego e bong Rick Lomba, o ne a tlhagisa ka dingwaga tsa bo1980 ka matshosetsi a go tsenelela ga dikgomo mo lefelong le. Filimi (''documentary'') ya gagwe ya ''The End of Eden'' e ne ya bontsha kafa a neng a buelela ka teng go sirelediwa ga makgobokgobo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.baruchsafaris.com/de/copy-of-chobe-national-park &quot;OKAVANGO DELTA&quot;]. ''Baruch Safaris'' (in German). Retrieved 23 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgaolo e e amogelang dipula tsa metsi a Okavango e solofetswe, mo isagong, go itemogela go fokotsega ga pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ga mmogo le go oketsega ga mogote ka ntlha ya go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara.&lt;ref&gt;ASSAR (2019). ''[http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf What global warming of 1.5°C and higher means for Botswana]'' (PDF). Adaptation at Scale in Semi Arid Regions (ASSAR). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015657/http://www.assar.uct.ac.za/sites/default/files/image_tool/images/138/1point5degrees/ASSAR_Botswana_global_warming.pdf Archived] (PDF)from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlamorago tsa go gotela ga lefatshe ka bophara di ka nna tsa dira gore go nne le phokotsego ya bogolo jwa mafelo a a tshabelelwang ke go nna le merwalela kwa Makgobokgobong a Okavango, se se tla nna le ditlamorago tse di seng kana ka sepe mo go nneng teng ga metsi, ga mmogo le go rua leruo le ditiro tsa temothuo mo kgaolong e.&lt;ref&gt;Murray-Hudson, M.; Wolski, P.; Ringrose, S. (2006). &quot;Scenarios of the impact of local and upstream changes in climate and water use on hydro-ecology in the Okavango Delta, Botswana&quot;. ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''331''' (1): 73–84. [[Bibcode:2006JHyd..331...73M. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.04.041.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiro ya Conservation International Botswana, ya tsa tshomarelo, mo kgaolong ya Makgobokgobo a Okavango e tsentse tsa thuto le go nna le seabe mo go tsa ditsamaiso (''policy'') ga mmogo le dipatlisiso le go baya-leitlho jaaka dipatlisiso tsa go leba go tswa kwa godimo (mo loaping) ga diphologolo tsa naga le tiro ya go sekaseka ka potlako, ga ditshedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://botswana.conservation.org/about-us &quot;About Conservation International Botswana&quot;]. ''Conservation International Botswana''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/725891468153271873/pdf/313330Delivering0Global0Public0Goods.pdf Delivering Global Public Goods Locally: Lessons Learned and Successful Approaches] (PDF)(Report). World Bank, Development Grant Facility (DGF). February 2003. p. 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bona gape ==

* Kalahari Basin

== Metswedi ==
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      <text bytes="23978" sha1="9o3nui6ax5uox4y6jzgvytb7uh9bobw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Orange|river_name=Kai Garib (Groote Rivier), Gariep, Senqu, Oranje, Igqili (isiZulu le isiiZhosa)|image_name=OrangeRiverUpington.jpg|caption=Letsatsi le phirima kwa nokeng ya Orange gaufi le Upington kwa [[Kapa Bokone]]|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]] [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Namibia]]|mouth=Alexander Bay|location=lewatle la Atlantic|length_km=2,432 km (1,511 mi)|discharge_m3/s=365 m3/s (12,900 cu ft/s)|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Caledon]] [[Noka ya Vaal]] [[Noka ya Fish]] (kwa [[Namibia]]|elevation_m=3,350 m (10,990 ft)}}


'''Noka ya Orange ('''e ka teme ya ''Afrikaans'' kgotsa Dutch e leng: '''Oranjerivier''') ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Ke noka e telele go di fitisa tsotlhe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya Orange, e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi, e tswa kwa Lesotho e tsena mo Aforika Borwa le [[Namibia]] go ya kwa bokone. E feta ka [[dithaba tsa Drankensberg]] kwa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa bophirima e feta ka Aforika Borwa go ya lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e ke bontlha bongwe jwa melelwane ya mafatshefatshe gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho le gareng ga [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Namibia]], ga mmogo le le melelwane ya dikgaolo di le mmalwa mo Aforika Borwa. Ga e fete ka ditoropo dipe tse ditona kwa ntle ga ya [[Upington]]. Noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya Aforika Borwa ka go ntsha metsi a go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase. Noka e, e reeletswe ka lolwapa lwa Dutch lwa segosi lwa House of Orange, e fiwa leina le ke motsamai wa Dutch Robert Jacob Gordon. Maina a mangwe a akaretsa lefoko le le rayang noka fela, ka puo ya Khoekhoegowab le kwalwa e le !Garib, le ka Afrikaans le ranolwang e le Gariep,&lt;ref&gt;Travel, Wild Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ &quot;Wild Africa Travel: Orange River&quot;.] ''www.wildafricatravel.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ the original] on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; Noka ya Groote kgotsa noka ya Senqu (kwa Lesotho), go tswa mo lefokong bontsho.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161213081531/https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx &quot;Orange River Basin&quot;.] ''www.dwa.gov.za''. Archived from [https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx the original] on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt; E itsiwe ka puo ya [[Sezulu|Se Zulu]] e le isAngqu.&lt;ref&gt;Doke, C.M (1972). ''Zulu-English Dictionary'' (in English and Zulu). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. p. 11. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85494-027-8|&lt;bdi&gt;0-85494-027-8&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;
== Go tsamaya ga yone ==
[[Setshwantsho:Orange River basin map.svg|left|thumb|Motsamao wa noka ya Orange, noka ya Caledon le noka ya Vaal. Mmepe o o supa Molelwane wa kelelo ya metsi. Kgampu ya Kalahari ga e a akarediwa ka metswedi mengwe ere ga e ise kwa dinokeng tse dingwe. Metswedi e mengwe e supa kgampu e e akaretsa dikarolo dingwe tsa [[Botswana]] (ka jalo le tsa Kalahari).]]
Noka ya Orange e ya kwa godimo kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg mo molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa le Lesotho, dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro kwa bophirimwa jwa lewatle la Indian, e le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le dikete tharo. Lefelo le noka e e leng kwa godimo thata kwa Lesotho go bidiwa Senqu. Dintlha dingwe tsa noka ya Senqu di a gatsela ka mariga ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo. Se se baka komelelo kwa tlase ga noka, mo go amang thata go nna teng ga dipodi le dikgomo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260506034950/https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River &quot;Orange River | Physical Features &amp; Exploration | Britannica&quot;.]''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River the original] on 6 May 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Noka ya Orange e tlaa bo e elelela kwa bophirima e kgabaganya Aforika Borwa, e tlhama tsela ya borwa-bophirima jwa kgaolo ya [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Mo kgaolong e, noka e elelela pele kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]] morago e ye kwa letamong la vanderkloof. Go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Lesotho go ya kwa tlase ga letamo la Vanderkloof, noka e epegile thata. Kwa tlase gape, lefatshe le papetla, noka e dirisiwa thata mo go nosetseng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river &quot;Orange River | South African History Online&quot;]. ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa bophirima jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]], kwa borwa bophirima kwa [[Kimberley]], noka ya Orange e kopana le noka e e tshelang thata mo go yone ya Vaal, e e dirang bontlha jo bogolo jwa molelwane o o kwa bokone jwa kgaolo. Go tswa fa, noka e elelela kwa bophirima e feta sekgwa se se omeletseng sa borwa jwa kgaolo ya Kalahari le Namaqualand kwa [[Kapa Bokone]] go kopana le Namibia kwa boleleeleng jwa lefatshe jwa 20 degrees kwa botlhaba. Go tswa fa, e elelela kwa bophirima dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano, e tlhama molelwane wa mafatshefatshe gareng ga kgaolo e le kgaolo ya Namibia ya Karas. Noka e ka kgabaganngwa kwa Vioolsdrif kgotsa Noordoewer, kgotsa Alexander Bay kgotsa molelwane wa Orangemund fa o tlola ka tsela le kwa molelwaneng wa Sendlingsdrif fa o tlola ka sekepe.

Mo dikhilomithareng tse di makgolo a robabobedi tsa bofelo tsa motsamao wa yone, noka ya Orange e amogela metsi go tswa mo melatswaneng (e tshwana le noka ya Fish), le mekgatshanyana e le mmalwa e metona e ya kwa go yone. Mo kgaolong e, [[sekaka sa Namib]] se felela kwa bokone jwa lotshitshi lwa noka, ka jalo, ka tlwaelesego, selekanyo sa metsi a a okediwang ke dinoka tse se sennye thata. Fa, moalo wa noka o epegile thata gape. [[Diphororo tsa Augrabies]] di mo ntlheng e ya noka ya Orange, kwa noka e yang kwa teng di mithara di le masome matlhano le borataro sebaka sa dikhilomithara di le lesome le borobabobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://www.cedarberg-travel.com/destination/south-africa/northern-cape/augrabies-falls-national-park/ &quot;Augrabies Falls National Park, South Africa - Cedarberg Africa&quot;.] ''www.cedarberg-travel.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Noka ya Orange e tshela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gareng ga ditoropo tse dipotlana tsa Oranjemund kwa Namibia le Alexander Bay kwa Aforika Borwa, sebaka se se lekanang le fa gare ga [[Walvis Bay]] le [[Cape Town]]. Molomo wa noka ya Orange ke lefelo le le tletseng dimela tse di farologaneng gape le na le mefuta ya dinonyane e le masome a matlhano le bosupa fa dinonyane ka bongwe ka bongwe tse di gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete , magkolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1985) di le dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro go tsena dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro. Ke lefelo le le makgobokgobo le le leng botlhokwa go ya ka tumalano ya mafatshefatshe ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe( 1971) kwa Ramsar, Iran, ka e le lengwe la mafelo a se kae a a makgobokgobo mo lotshitshing lo lo omeletseng kwa Borwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].&lt;ref&gt;Anderson, Mark D; Kolberg, Holger; Anderson, P Corné; Dini, John; Abrahams, Abe (September 2003). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306520309485389 &quot;Waterbird populations at the Orange River mouth from 1980–2001: a re-assessment of its Ramsar status&quot;.] ''Ostrich''. '''74''' (3–4): 159–172. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Ostri..74..159A 2003Ostri..74..159A.] doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520309485389 10.2989/00306520309485389.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0030-6525 0030-6525.]&lt;/ref&gt; Dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le boraro go tswa mo molomong wa yone, e fitlhilwe ke metsi a a elelang ka bontsi le motlhaba ebile ga e tsamaege ka sebaka se seleele. Noka e, e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Dikgaolo tse e isang metsi kwa go tsone le pula ===
Ka paka ya komelelo, selekanyo sa metsi mo nokeng se ya kwa tlase thata ka ntlha ya go elela mo go ntsi le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi. Kwa motsweding wa noka ya Orange, pula e na ka bokete jwa di mili mithara di le dikete pedi ka ngwaga, mme pula e a fokotsega fa noka e elelela kwa bophirima; kwa molomong wa yone, pula e kwa tlase ga di milimithara di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga. Dintlha tse di bakang go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi di oketsegela kwa pele kwa bophirima. Ka paka ya metsi (selemo), noka ya Orange e nna morwalela o mosetlha. Motlhaba o montsi o o mo metsing o gomagometsa matshosetsi a lobaka lo loleele mo diporojekeng tse di mo nokeng e.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |title=The Northern Ephemeral Rivers of the Orange-Senqu River Basin&lt;sup&gt;&amp;#91;''p''&lt;/sup&gt; |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525164125/http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefelo le noka ya Orange e isang metsi kwa go lone (le akaretsa Vaal) le sephara sa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabongwe, makgolo a supa le boraro, ka jalo le lekana le 77% wa lefatshe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] (dikhilomithara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le bongwe). Le fa go ntse jalo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tharo, makgolo a marataro le borataro jwa mafelo ao a kwa ntle ga lefatshe kwa [[Lesotho]], [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river &quot;Orange River | South African History Online&quot;.] ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dinoka tse di tshelang mo Orange ===

* [[Noka ya Vaal]] - dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi
* [[Noka ya Caledon]] - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le bobedi
* [[Noka ya Khubelo]] - dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bone

=== Matamo ===

* [[Letamo la Armenia]]
* [[Letamo la Egmont]]
* [[Letamo la Gariep]]
* [[Letamo la Newberry]]
* [[Letamo la Vanderkloof]]
* [[Letamo la Welberdacht]]

== Ditso ==

=== Leina ===
Bangwe ba banni ba ntlha koo pele ga bokolone ba ne ba bitsa noka e Nū!arib, ba raya bontsho jwa yone, kgotsa dinako tse dingwe bare ke Kai !Arib (&quot;Noka e kgolo&quot;), lefoko le le tswang mo temeng ya Afrikaans ya Gariep,&lt;ref&gt;the surrounding area was once known as &quot;Transgariep&quot; (&quot;the land across the Gariep&quot;) but the name has long been obsolete. See Karel Schoeman, ''Early White Travellers in the Transgariep, 1819-1840'', Protea Boekhuis, 2012 (ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781869190163|&lt;bdi&gt;9781869190163&lt;/bdi&gt;)]]&lt;/ref&gt; e ranolwa gotwe &quot;Groote Rivier&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Leina la teme ya Dutch la noka e la pele e ne e le thanolo eo fela, Groote Rivier, go yara noka e kgolo. Noka e biditswe Noka ya Orange ke Colonel Robert Gordon, mookamedi wa sesole wa kompone ya United East India kwa Cape Town, mo loetong lwa go ya kwa teng ga Cape Town ka 1779.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Gordon o reeletse noka e ka William V wa Orange. Tumelo e e seng boammaruri mme e tlwaelesegile ke ya gore noka e,e reilwe leina ka ntlha ya mmala o o borokwa wa yone, o o sa tshwaneng le wa e e tshelang mo go yone ya Vaal, e e tsayang leina la yone mo go Hai!arib &quot;noka e e phatsimang&quot;. Fa e sale ka phelelo ya puso ya tlhaolele, leina Gariep le dirisitswe thata mo dipuisanong kwa Aforika Borwa, le ntswa leina Orange le itsege thata mo mafatsheng a mangwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kwa Lesotho kwa noka e yang kwa godimo teng, e itsege ka leina la noka ya Senqu, le tswa mo leineng la pele la Khoemana.
[[Setshwantsho:Orange River Panorama.jpg|thumb|Tshupo e e tserweng kwa noka e obegang teng ka godimo ga thaba, ka nako ya morwalela ka ntlha ya dipula tse di namagadi]]
Komiti ya maina a tsa tikolo ya kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]] e supile kgatlhego mo maikelelong a go fetola leina go tswa mo go la bokolone, mo bontlheng joo jwa noka jo bo dirang molelwane garenng ga kgaolo ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] le [[Foreistata|Free State]], dikakanyetso e nnile IGqili kgotsa Senqu.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;New name looms for NC River&quot;. ''Diamond Fields Advertiser''. 13 June 2013. p. 11.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/sa-statement-by-afriforum-civil-rights-organisation-objects-to-proposed-name-change-of-orange-river-06062013-2013-06-06 &quot;Statement by Afriforum on proposed name change of Orange River&quot;]. ''Polity''. 6 June 2013.&lt;/ref&gt; Kgatlhego e e tsentswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya Aliwal Weekblad e supa fa leina la gompieno le amana thata le ditso tsa go gatelelwa mo bokoloneng ka jalo ga le a tshwanela go ka bo le ntse le dirisiwa gompieno.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

=== Grootslang ===
Mo mainaneng a Aforika Borwa, Noka ya Orange e amanngwa le Grootslang, selo se se tshwanang le noga e tona, e gantsi e amangwang le diteemane tsa noka eo. Go tlhalosiwa fa Grootslang e tshelela mo logageng lo lo tletseng ditswammung lo lo kopaneng le noka ya Orange ka phaepe e diteemane di tsenang mo nokeng ka yone ka bonya ka bonya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;Green, Lawrence G. (1948). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.54893|Where Men Still Dream]]''. Standard Press Ltd., Cape Town. pp. 125–126.&lt;/ref&gt; Mafelo a mangwe a go bolelwang e le a go nnang setshedi se teng a akaretsa letangwana le le kwa tlase ga King George kwa diphororong tsa Aughrabies, kwa le gone go bolelwang e le motswedi wa diteemane,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; le lejwe le letona mo gare ga noka. Mo polelong e, go bolelwa fa Grootslang e e ja dikgomo mo lotshitshing lwa noka.&lt;ref&gt;Cornell, F. C. (1920). ''[[iarchive:glamourprospect00corngoog|The Glamour of Prospecting]]''. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., London. p. 142.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Itsholelo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Orange River at Aliwal North.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Hertzof kwa godimo ga noka ya Orange kwa molelwaneng o o kwa borwa bophirima jwa Free State: ela tlhoko masalela a borogo jwa Frere mo molemeng]]
Ka e le kwa bontsi jwa metsi a Aforika Borwa a yang teng, noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo go tsa temothuo, madirelo le meepo. Go thusa ka se, go dirilwe diporojeke tse pedi tse ditona, porojeke ya Noka ya Orange le porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho. Mo ditsong, noka e ne e na le seabe se setona mo diteemaneng tsa Aforika Borwa, diteemane tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe di bonwe mo motlhabeng wa Noka ya Orange. gompieno, meepo e e rekisang diteemane e direla mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange le gaufi le molomo wa yone, fa ditetla tsa lookwane le gase di neetswe dikompone di le dintsi.&lt;ref&gt;Sowman, Merle; Sunde, Jackie; Lambrecht, Michael (2023). [https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ &quot;Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the West Coast of South Africa&quot;.] ''One Ocean Hub''. Retrieved 10 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga diphologolo tse di borai le metsi a a kwa godimo ka selemo, noka e dirisiwa go itlosa bodutu ga go kgweetsa mekoro. Go kgweetsa mekoro kwa nokeng ya Orange go tumile thata mo dikompone dingwe di dirisang dikampa tsa tsone mo lotshitshing lwa noka go berekela teng. Maeto a a tumileng thata ke lwa malatsi a mane le lwa malatsi a marataro mo nokeng go bapa le mogogoro kgotsa kwa tlase ga diphororo tsa Augrabies kgotsa go bapisa lefelo la Richtersveld.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20260118105251/https://orangeriverrafting.com/adventures/4-day-orange-river-adventure/ &quot;4-Day Orange River Adventure&quot;.] ''Orange River Rafting''. Retrieved 10 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange ===
Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse ditona tsa mofuta oo kwa Aforika Borwa. E simolotswe ke puso ya ga Hendrik Verwoerd ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Porojeke e e diretswe go dirisa metsi a noka ya Orange gotswela batho mosola - mo kwa ntle ga noka ya Vaal, e leng 14.1% fela ya metsi a Aforika borwa - mo go ne go dira gore go kgone go fitlhelelwa seelo sa letlhoko la metsi kwa Aforika Borwa. Maikaelelo magolo a porojeke e ne e le go:&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River/People-and-economy#ref418184 &quot;Orange River - People, Economy, Borders | Britannica&quot;.] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/doctoral/To-provide-for-the-supply-and/9942601307691 &quot;Research Portal&quot;.] ''ujcontent.uj.ac.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

* go ritibatsa go ela ga noka
* go fetlha motlakase wa metsi
* go nna le motswedi wa metsi mo badirising ba kwa kgampung ya noka ya Orange, le
* go dira gore go nne le metsi kwa mafelong a a tlhaelelwang ke metsi kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jaaka mekgatsha ya Great Fish le Sundays.

Letamo la Gariep gaufi le Colesberg ke kago ya boremelelo e e bayang metsi kwa nokeng ya Orange. Go tswa fa, metsi a isiwa kwa mafelong a mabedi, kwa bophirima mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange go ya kwa letamong la Vanderkloof le kwa borwa go kgabaganya mosele wa Orange-Fish kwa Kapa botlhaba.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.places.co.za/info/tourist-attraction/orange-river-information.html &quot;Orange River - Tourist Information&quot;.] ''SA Places''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Motlakase wa metsi ====
[[Setshwantsho:GariepDam.jpg|left|thumb|[[Letamo la Gariep]] ke lone le letona thata mo nokeng ya Orange kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa porojeke ya Orange.]]
[[Eskom]] e na le metshine e e fetlhang motlakase kwa letamong la Gariep le la Vanderkloof. Motshine o o kwa letamong la Vanderkloof ke one wa ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go diriwa kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Ditoropo tsa Oviston le Oranjekrag di tlhametswe go dira gore nne le kago le tiriso ya dikago tse disha.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eskom.co.za/heritage/vanderkloof-power-station/ &quot;Vanderkloof Power Station - Heritage&quot;.] ''www.eskom.co.za''. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Scenery photo by Siloam Village Gariep.JPG|thumb|Botlhaba jwa letamo kwa Oviston]]

=== Go nosetsa ===
[[Setshwantsho:Irrigation Project along the Orange River.jpg|left|thumb|Diporojeke di le mmalwa mo lotshitshing lwa noka]]
[[Setshwantsho:Orange River Wine Farm.jpg|thumb|masimo a moretlwa kwa nokeng ya Orange]]
Go agiwa ga matamo a Gariep le Vanderkloof go dirile gore go kgone go nosediwa ga lefatshe la diheketara di le dikete tsa temothuo lwa letamong la Vandekloof. Diporojeke tse dikgologolo tsa go nosetsa jaaka tsa Buchuberg, Upington, [[Kakamas]] le [[Vioolsdrift]] le tsone di anywile sengwe ka ntlha ya gore go laola tsamaiso ya metsi jaanong go a kgonega. Mo letlhakoreng la Namibia la noka, masimo a Aussenkehr a ntsha meretlwa ka thuso ya metsi a  a tswang mo nokeng ya Orange.&lt;ref&gt;[https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/irrigation-project-along-the-orange-river-43035/ &quot;Irrigation Project along the Orange River - NASA Science&quot;]. 7 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, mafelo a a dirang mofine mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange a botlhokw thata. Go nosetsa kwa Kapa Botlhaba le gone go ile magoletsa, eseng ka gore metsi a oketsegile fela, mme gape e le ka gore a oketsegile boleng. Kwa ntle ga tokafalo e, balemi ba dinamune le losika lwa yone mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Sundays ba ka bo ba tsweletse ka go latlhegelwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=44771 &quot;Wine in the desert&quot;]. ''wine.co.za''. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gfrwua.com/scheme &quot;The Scheme&quot;]. ''GFRWUA''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho ===
Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho e ne e tlhamelwa go tlatsa metsi a noka ya Vaal. Metsi a a isiwa kwa Aforika Borwa ka mosele o o fetang kwa tlase ga molelwane wa Lesotho le Aforika Borwa kwa nokeng ya Caledon le kwa tlase ga noka ya Little Caledon kwa borwa jwa Clarens kwa Free State, e tshela metsi kwa nokeng ya Ash dikhilomithara di le masome mararo kwa bokone. Porojeke e ne ya kgonagala fa letlhoko la metsi kwa Guateng le ya kwa seelong se se neng se sa kgone go fitlhelelwa ke diporojeke tse dingwe jaaka ya Tugela le Vaal, e e neng e dirisa letamo la Sterkfonteingaufi le Harrismith kwa Free State.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.internetgeography.net/geotopics/lesotho-large-scale-water-transfer-scheme-case-study/ &quot;Lesotho Large-Scale Water Transfer Scheme Case Study&quot;.] ''Internet Geography''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Diteemane tse di kgwilweng ke metsi ===
Ka ngwaga wa 1867, teemane ya ntlha go bonwa kwa Aforika Borwa, [[teemane ya Eureka]],e bonwe gaufi le Hopetown mo nokeng ya Orange. Morago ga dingwaga tse pedi, teemane e kgolwane e e itsegeng e le [[naledi ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne ya  bonwa mo lefelong leo, se se baka gore batho ba le bantsi ba tabogele koo. Se se ne sa ema ka ntlha ya go tabogela meepo ya diteemane kwa [[Kimberley|Kimberly]] ka 1871, le ntswa diteemane di ne di ntse di bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange. Gompieno, meepo e e rekisang e le mmalwa e berekela kwa bofelelong jwa noka, le kwa lotshitshing lwa molomo wa yone. Meepo ya diteemane e bereka gape fa gare ga noka.

=== Go kgweetsa mekoro ===
[[Setshwantsho:OrangeRiverRafting.jpg|thumb|Go kgweetsa mekoro ko nokeng ya Orange go tlwaelesegile mo bajanaleng]]
Ka nako ya dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong, ka go a bo go le dipula tse di namagadi gape matamo a butswe, mokgweetsi wa mokoro o ka tsamaya sebakasa dikhilomithara di le masome mararo ka letsatsi. Boteng jwa noka bo tumile thatam ka gore go na le popego e ntle, Maeto a thekiso a teng, batho ba tswa kwa toropong ya molelwane wa Vioolsdrif.

== Diphologolo tsa naga ==
[[Setshwantsho:Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange river, Richtersveld.jpg|thumb|Tlhapi ya smallmouth yellowfish ke tlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng thata e bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange le Vaal fela.]]
Noka ya Orange ga e na le diphologolo tse ditona. E kwa ntle ga lefelo le dikwena tsa Nile di nakwa go lone, le ntswa dikubu di kile tsa bo di le dintsi koo, di ne tsa tsomiwa go fitlhelela di fela ka lekgolo la dingwga di le lesome le borobabongwe.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Guy_C._Shortridge|Shortridge, Guy Chester]] (1934). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=aI6LyAEACAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y The Mammals of South West Africa: A Biological Account of the Forms Occurring in that Region]''. W. Heinemann.&lt;/ref&gt; Noka ya Orange ga e na ditshedi le dimela tse di kalo. Dipatlisiso go tswa ka 1995 go tsena 2001 kwa boteng jwa noka ya Orange di bone mefuta ya ditlhapi e le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo malwapeng a ditlhapi a le borobabobedi a a farologaneng. Mefuta e e seng ya lefelo leo e e gatisitsweng ke patlisiso e ke ya Cyprinus Carpio le Oreochromis mossambicus, tse tsa bofelo di oketsegile thata ka dingwaga tsa 1980&lt;ref&gt;Næsje, T. F.; Hay, C. J.; Nickanor, N.; Koekemoer, J.; Strand, R.; Thorstad, E. B. (2007). ''Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Lower Orange River, Namibia, from 1995 to 2001''. Trondheim: NINR. pp. 5–6. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-82-426-1791-0|&lt;bdi&gt;978-82-426-1791-0&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; di simologa. Mofuta o mongwe o o tswang kgakala ke wa trout, o bonwa kwa nokeng e e kwa Lesotho.
[[Setshwantsho:Augrabies - Twin Falls - 001.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Twin kwa Diphororong tsa Augrabies]]
Mefuta e supa e bonwa fela mo mafaratlhatlheng a noka ya Vaal-Orange:&lt;ref&gt;Beekman, Hans E. (30 May 2006). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=MKWRJ7GOOM0C&amp;pg=PA13&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false ''Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change''.] UNEP/Earthprint. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2574-2|&lt;bdi&gt;978-92-807-2574-2&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

* Rock-catfish
* Maluti redfin
* Namaquab barb
* River Sardine
* Smallmouth yellowfish
* Largemouth yellowfish
* Orange River mudfish

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Cross (Nigeria)</title>
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      <text bytes="6015" sha1="jbzq4w06qq3mxxvue9o3dgqledcpmu3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Cross|image_name=Cross River (Cameroon).jpg|caption=Noka ya Cross gaufi le toropo ya Mamfe kwa [[Cameroon]]|image_map=Cross River OSM.png|river_name=Oyono|origin=[[Cameroon]]|mouth=Bight of Biafra|basin_countries=[[Cameroon]] [[Nigeria]]|elevation=2,728 m|length=489 km|river_system=Cross River|left_tribs=Mfi, Mbu, [[noka ya Bali]] Munaya, Awa, ibe, Ukpon, Ekpor, Udep, Calabar,Great Kwa|right_tribs=Bagwor, Mak, Mo, Mam, Munaya, Oyi, Obokum, Afi,Ikpa,Enyong, Aboine}}

'''Noka ya Cross''' (leina la mo gae e le Oyono)&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Élisée_Reclus|Reclus, Élisée]] (1892). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=D1pAa9idGX0C&amp;pg=PA341&amp;redir_esc=y Africa]''. Vol. 3 (reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. p. 341. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-4400-9130-7|&lt;bdi&gt;1-4400-9130-7&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; ke yone noka ya konokono kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Nigeria]], kgaolo ya Cross River e tsaya leina mo go yone. E simolola kwa [[Cameroon]], kwa leina la [[noka ya Manyu]] le tswang teng.&lt;ref&gt;L. Zapfack; J. S. O. Ayeni; S. Besong; M. Mdaihli (November 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708112712/http://cameroun-foret.com/system/files/18_18_01.pdf &quot;ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE TAKAMANDA FOREST RESERVE&quot;] (PDF). Archived from [https://cameroun-foret.com/system/files/18_18_01.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2026-06-22&lt;/ref&gt; Le ntswa le se le leele ka seelo sa mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefelo le e mo go lone le itemogela dipula tse dinamagadi ebile e nne bophara thata. Mo dikhilomithareng tsa yone tsa bofelo tse di masome a robabobedi go ya kwa lewatleng, e elela go kgabaganya sekgwa se se bongola se na le melatswana e le mmalwa, e tlhama makgadikagdi gaufi le bokopano jwa yone le noka ya Calabar,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100505220021/http://www.mowca.org/new%20design/member-states/nigeria.html &quot;Maritime Organisation of West and Central Africa, Nigeria]&quot;. Archived from [http://www.mowca.org/new%20design/member-states/nigeria.html the original] on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2026-06-22&lt;/ref&gt; dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi ka bophara le di le masome a matlhano ka boleele gareng ga ditoropo tsa Oron kwa lotshitshing lwa bophirima le Calabar, kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba, dikhilomithara di feta masome a mararo go tswa kwa lewatleng. Makgadikgadi a tshela kwa letamong le legolwane&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh,]] ed. (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Cross_River|&quot;Cross River&quot; .]] ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 510.&lt;/ref&gt; le e le kopanetseng le dinoka tse dingwe tse dipotlana. Kwa molomong wa yone kwa lewatleng la Atlantic, letamo le dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi le bone ka bophara. Botlhaba jwa letamo bo mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Cameroon]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britannica.com/place/Cross-River-state-Nigeria &quot;Cross River | Nigeria, Map, &amp; Facts | Britannica&quot;.] ''www.britannica.com''. 2023-09-12. Retrieved 2026-06-22&lt;/ref&gt;

Motswedi o motona wa noka ya Cross ke noka ya Aloma, e tswa kwa kgaolong ya Benue go kopana le noka ya Cross kwa kgaolong ya Cross River. Kgaolo ya Cross River e kopane le tsela e tona e e yang kwa kgaolong e e mabapi ya Akwa Ibom. Sekgele gareng ga Oron le Calabat ke dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le motso ka mokoro le dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi ka tsela. Palo ya batho ba Cross River kwa tlase ba dirisa dipalamo tsa metsi, toropo ya Calabar e tswa boglogolong e na le maemelo a dikepe, mo nokeng ya Calabar dikhilomithara di le lesome go tswa kwa bokopanelong jwa yone le noka ya Cross le dikhilomithara di le masome a matlhano le botlhano go tswa kwa lewatleng. Borogo jwa Itu kwa nokeng ya Cross bo mo tseleng ya Itu-Calabar, bo bolelwa fa e le nngwe ya dikatlego tsa tsamaiso ya Gowon fa bo fediwa ka 1975.&lt;ref&gt;admin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20251009193603/http://seaempowerment.org/?p=981 &quot;Major Rivers in Nigeria (Details and Pictures) – Sea Empowerment and Research&quot;.] Retrieved 2026-06-22&lt;/ref&gt;

Noka ya Cross e dira molelwane gareng ga dikgaolo tse di ratiwang ke pula tsa dikgwa tsa Cross Niger kwa bophirima jwa noka gareng ga dinoka tsa Cross le Niger, le Cross-Sanaga-Bioko kwa botlhaba gareng ga noka ya Cross le noka ya Sanaga kwa [[Cameroon]]. Pula ya ngwaga e farologana go tswa dimilimithara di le seke, makgolo a supa le masome a marataro kwa bokone jwa kgaolo go tsena dimilimithara di le dikete tharo, le lekgolo kwa borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Nkpa M., Ogarekpe; Ekpe A., Obio; Imokhai T., Tenebe; Praise God C., Emenike; Chidozie C., Nnaji (23 Jul 2020). [[doi:10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954|&quot;Flood vulnerability assessment of the upper Cross River basin using morphometric analysis&quot;.]] ''Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk''. '''11''' (1): 1378–1403. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020GNHR...11.1378O 2020GNHR...11.1378O.] doi:[[doi:10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954|10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Noka ya Cross e file lefelo la itloso bodutu le lolwapa la diteme leina.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240727035559/https://www.traveldigest.com.ng/index.php/travel-and-tourism-events/item/664-brief-history-of-cross-river-national-park &quot;Brief History of Cross River National Park&quot;.] ''www.traveldigest.com.ng''. Retrieved 2026-06-22&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgaolo ya Cross Riber ke e e botlhokwa thata mo ditsong ka e le a) mo legaeng le go belaesegang batho bantsho ba ba buang [[dipuo tsa Bantu]] ba fudugile teng go kgabaganya Aforika dingwaga di le dikete tharo go tsena di le dikete tlhano tse di fetileng, b) ke lefelo le mokwalo wa Nsibidi o tlhamilweng teng, c) ke lefelo la Calabar, lengwe la marekisetso a matona ka nako ya [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]].

== Kgotlhelesego ==
Ka dikgwedi tse go neng go sekasekiwa, iron, manganese, lead, arsenic le chromium di ne tsa bonwa mo metsing ka dielo tse di borai go ka nowa; ka jalo metsi a ne a kgotlhelesegile ka ditshipi tse a ka se ikanngwe go nosa batho ba [[Nigeria]].

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Mmakgodumo</title>
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'''Letamo la Mmakgodumo''', le gape le itsiweng jaaka '''Letamo la Bathoen''', ke letamo le le kwa [[:en:Kanye,_Botswana|Kanye]] mo [[:en:Southern_District_(Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Borwa]] ya Botswana. Le ne la agiwa ka 1940 ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa [[:en:Bathoen_II|Kgosi Bathoen II,]] Kgosi e Kgolo ya Bangwaketse, e le karolo ya maiteko a ntlha a go laola metsi le go tlhabolola nosetso mo lefelong leo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-01-23 |title=From fairy tale to tourism |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/features/from-fairy-tale-to-tourism/news |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=DailyNews |url=https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/9264 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241031164008/https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/9264 |archive-date=2024-10-31 |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=dailynews.gov.bw |language=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le sa ntse le le karolo ya botlhokwa ya ngwao le tikologo ya Kanye, mme le amanngwa le bojanala, boswa jwa lefelo le pabalesego ya diphologolo.

'''Hisetori'''

Letamo la Mmakgodumo le ne la agiwa ka 1940 ka fa tlase ga Kgosi Bathoen II e le karolo ya maiteko a go rarabolola bothata jwa tlhaelo ya metsi le go tshegetsa tsotlhe tsa temo kwa Kanye. Letamo le ne la nna motheo wa porojeke ya nosetso e e neng e tlamela merogo le dijalo tse dingwe bakeng sa tiriso ya baagi, go akaretsa le mananeo a go fepa baithuti kwa dikolong mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo-1940.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=he Settlement Nexus of the Southern District of Botswana |url=https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstreams/265c0684-42f7-4476-add0-37f15101de5d/download |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=University of Pretoria Repository}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letamo le tsewa e le nngwe ya diporojeke tsa ntlha tsa nosetso tse di neng tsa simololwa ke baagi mo kgaolong eo, mme le amanngwa thata le ponelopele e e bophara ya tlhabololo ya Kgosi Bathoen II ya Kanye.

'''Lefelo la Paabalesego ya Dinonyane'''

Ka 1992, lefelo le le dikologileng Letamo la Mmakgodumo le ne la itsisiwe semmuso jaaka '''Lefelo la Pabalesego ya Dinonyane la Letamo la Bathoen''', ka fa tlase ga Lefapha la Diphologolo le Diphaka tsa Bosetšhaba. Lefelo leno la pabalesego le ne la tlhomiwa go rotloetsa pabalesego ya tlholego le bojanala jo bo tswelelang, fa gape le sireletsa tikologo ya tlholego ya letamo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-20 |title=Botswanas National Monuments and Protected Areas |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/features/botswanas-national-monuments-and-protected-areas/news-77983 |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=Botswanas National  Monuments and Protected Areas}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lefelo la pabalesego le tlamela bonno jwa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dinonyane le diphologolo tse dingwe tse di amanang le letamo le dikgwa tse di le dikologileng. Le dirisediwa boitapoloso jo bo jaaka go lebelela dinonyane, go tshwara ditlhapi le bojanala jo bo ikaegileng ka tlholego.

'''Bojanala le botlhokwa jwa ngwao'''

Letamo la Mmakgodumo ke lengwe la mafelo a a itsegeng a bojanala mo kgaolong ya Kanye. Le amanngwa le dipolelo tsa setso, boswa jwa ngwao le dilo tsa tlholego tse di gogelang baeng, tse di jaaka mekgatšha e e boteng le mafelo a a nang le dikgwa a a gaufi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009-01-23 |title=From fairy tale to tourism |url=https://www.mmegi.bw/features/from-fairy-tale-to-tourism/news |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=Mmegi Online |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lefelo leno ke karolo ya maiteko a magolo a go rotloetsa bojanala jwa ngwao mo Kgaolong ya Borwa, mme le amanngwa le mananeo a boswa a a etelelwang pele ke baagi ba lefelo leo.

'''Pabalesego'''

Taolo ya tikologo ya lefelo la letamo e akaretsa maiteko a go tlhokomela selekanyo sa metsi le go laola dimela tse di le dikologileng. Dipatlisiso le dipego tsa mo lefelong leo di supile matshwenyego ka go anama thata ga ditlhare tsa eucalyptus, mme bothata joo bo rarabolotswe ka ditsela tsa taolo e e laolwang sentle, tse di ikaeletseng go sireletsa tekatekano ya tikologo ya letamo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Moekejo |first=Kehumile |date=2020-05-07 |title=Eucalyptus Overpopulation at Mmakgodumo threatens dam |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202005080694.html |access-date=2026-06-12 |website=AllAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Bona gape'''

-[[:en:Kanye|Kanye]]

- [[:en:Bathoen_II|Kgosi Bathoen II]]

- [[:en:List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Botswana|Lenaane la matamo le mafelo a polokelo ya metsi mo Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Botswana]]
[[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]]
[[Karolo:Articles with short description]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Letamo la Tichy-Haf</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14227</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51971</id>
      <parentid>51896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T00:53:54Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="3792" sha1="ccfexw7jjeqpnp4l1i9g1l6fqa68sup" xml:space="preserve">L'''etamo la Tichy-Haf''' ke letamo la kgogedi ya Arch mo Bousellam ya Oued kwa Mahfouda, kwa Komponeng ya Bouhamza, kwa Béjaïa, kwa Algeria.

== Se se diragetseng ==
Kago ya letamo e simolotse kwa Bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe  ke setlamo sa Yugoslavia sa Hydrotchnika, mme moragonyana ya wediwa ke setlamo sa Algeria sa Cosider Group. Letamo le ne la wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi , mme la bulwa ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le borataro,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe. Letamo le ntsha dikhubikimitara di le dimilione di le masome a mane le bosupa  ka ngwaga tsa metsi a a nowang a phaseje ya Akbou-Béjaïa, le dikhubikimitara di le dimilione di le masome a mane le boraro  ka ngwaga tsa go nosetsa. Gaufi le letamo go na le Lefelo la Phepafatso la Tichy-Haf, le le nang le bokgoni jwa dikhubikimetara di le 120 000 ka letsatsi, peipi e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a supa le ditanka tsa polokelo tse di nang le bokgoni jwa m3 di le dikete tse nne ke bobedi (1 500 000 cu ft).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.soudoud-dzair.com/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 &quot;Nieuwe Trends Voor Heren &amp; Dames&quot;.] ''Soudoud Dzair''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.liberte-algerie.com/actualite/l-ade-de-bejaia-suspend-la-distribution-d-eau-du-barrage-de-tichy-haf-367254 &quot;EN RAISON DE LA VALEUR &quot;TRÈS ÉLEVÉE&quot; DE LA TURBIDITÉ : L'ADE de Béjaïa suspend la distribution d'eau du barrage de Tichy Haf - L'Actualité : Liberté&quot;]. ''www.liberte-algerie.com'' (in French). Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Youcef, BELHANI (1980-01-31). [http://197.112.0.211/soudoud-dzair/index.php?action=esmap_vect&amp;table=chahidgis_barrage&amp;id=66 &quot;ESMA, Développement des applications full web, Webmapping&quot;.] ''197.112.0.211'' (in French). Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Boudjadi, Kamel (2024-07-18). [https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 &quot;De l'eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza&quot;.] ''L'Expression''. Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240718032521/https://www.lexpression.dz/societe/de-l-eau-a-partir-du-barrage-de-bouhamza-383681 &quot;L'Expression: Société - De l'eau à partir du barrage de Bouhamza&quot;.] ''L'Expression'' (in French). Archived from the original on 2024-07-18. Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;samir (2017-07-10). [https://leflaye.net/tifra-les-habitants-bloquent-la-mairie &quot;TIFRA. Les habitants bloquent la mairie -&quot;] (in French). Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.anbt.dz/en/tichy-haf-2/ &quot;Tichy haf&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Rédaction (2025-01-16). [https://lavoiedalgerie.dz/bejaia-le-barrage-de-tichy-haff-recoit-un-million-de-metres-cubes-en-48-heures/2025/16/13/ &quot;Bejaïa : Le barrage de Tichy Haff reçoit un million de mètres cubes en 48 heures&quot;.] ''La voie dAlgérie'' (in French). Retrieved 2026-03-13.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go agiwa ga letamo le letamo la metsi go ne go le mo lefatsheng la temo la maloba, le baagi ba lefelo leo ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le go agiwa ga lone ka dingwaga tsa dikete tse pedi le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro  letamo le ne le na le bokgoni jwa 6% fela, seno se ne sa dira gore go epiwe dikhuti mo mokgatšheng mme letamo la metsi le ne la oma ka bontlhabongwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Baagi ba lefelo leo gantsi ba dirisa letamo le letamo go thuma, go thuma, go tsamaya ka mokoro, mme go na le ditlhare tsa motlhware tse di fa thoko ga noka.[ Go na gape le go thaya ditlhapi mo sedibeng, go tshwara carp e e tlwaelegileng le bream e e tlwaelegileng. 12] Le fa go ntse jalo, go kotsi go thuma kgotsa go thuma gaufi thata le letamo.[ 13]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Birim</title>
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      <text bytes="15587" sha1="2msk4v5s6uycaxi3x3672rd4cawjyia" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Pra River.gif|thumb|Noka ya Pra le metswedi ya yonee megolo, e akaretsa noka ya Birim]]
'''Noka ya Birim''' ke nngwe ya metswedi megolo ya [[noka ya Pra]] kwa [[Ghana]] gape e le lefelo le le ntshang diteemane tse di botlhokwa thata kwa lefatsheng leo, e ralala bontlha jo botona jwa kgaolo e e kwa botlhaba. Noka e tlhatlhoga kwa botlhaba jwa Atewa Range, e elelela kwa bokone ka mosele o o fa gare ga lefelo le le Kwahu Plateau, go tswa foo e elelela kwa borwa-bophirima go fitlhelela e kopana le noka ya Pra. Leina la yone le dirisitswe gape mo motlhamong wa majwe kwa Birimian, o o nang le gouta e ntsi kwa kgaolong eo. Lefatshe la Ghana ke la bobedi ka botona le le ntshang gouta mo [[Aferika|Aforika]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081202133720/http://www.miningreview.com/archive/mra_2_2004/54_1.php &quot;AFRICA GEOLOGICALLY UNDER EXPOSED&quot;.] Mining Review Africa. 2004. Archived from [https://www.miningreview.com/archive/mra_2_2004/54_1.php the original] on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

== Popego ==
Kgampu ya noka ya Birim e kwa kgaolong ya Man Shield kwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]], e e apesitsweng ke majwe a pele a metasedimentary Birimian. Matlapa a, a bonala a simologile kwa makgwa molelong a a fa gare ga lewatle, a a dirileng logogo lo lo kopaneng le Man Shield, a dire motseletsele wa matlapa a a kwa bokone-botlhaba.&lt;ref&gt;André Pouclet; Siaka Doumbia; Max Vidal (March 2006). [https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/bsgf &quot;Geodynamic setting of the Birimian volcanism in central Ivory Coast (western Africa) and its place in the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Man Shield&quot;]. Societe Geologique de France. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Matlapa a Birimian a akaretsa ditlhamo tsa Akwatia, tse di reeletsweng ka toropo ya Akwatia kwa mokgatsheng wa Birim, a a ntshitseng diteemane tsa di carats di le sedikadike.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20040904125453/http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_63618.htm &quot;THE AKWATIA DIAMOND FIELD, GHANA, WEST AFRICA: SOURCE ROCKS&quot;]. [[:en:Geological_Society_of_America|Geological Society of America]]. September 2003. Archived from [https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_63618.htm the original] on 2007-06-29. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Bontsi jwa diteemane tse di bonwang kwa matlapeng a Harzburgitic di nnile magakwa ka ntlha ya mogote o o kwa godimo mo go sa tlwaelesegang le dikgatelelo mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;T. Stachel &amp; Jeffrey W. Harris (1997-05-28). &quot;Syngenetic inclusions in diamond from the Birim field (Ghana) – a deep peridotitic profile with a history of depletion and re-enrichment&quot;. ''Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology''. '''127''' (4). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg: 336–352. doi:[https://idp.springer.com/authorize?response_type=cookie&amp;client_id=springerlink&amp;redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs004100050284 10.1007/s004100050284.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tikologo ==
Noka e tlhatloga kwa Kibi kgotsa Akim kwa botlhaba jwa Ghana, le kwa Atewa Range, kwa e tlhjatlogang dikhilomithara di le makgolo a supa le masome a robabobedi. Mafelo a a gaufi a a kwa tlase a dimithara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi go tsena di le makgolo a mabedi kwa godimo ga seelo sa lewatle. Bontsi jwa Atewa range ke sekgwa se se sireleditsweng, ka bontlha jo botona jwa sekgwa bo na le ditlhare tse di sa tlwaelesegang, mefuta ya diphologolo le ditshedinyana le ntswa go na le go kgaola ditlhare mo go sa letlelesegeng. Go na le mafelo a manti a a sa sekasekiwang a marope. Kgaolo ya Kibi e itemogela pula ya dimilimithara di le sekte le makgolo a matlhano go tsena dikete tse pedi ka ngwaga.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.secinfo.com/d13eFe.u93.4.htm &quot;Goldenrae Evaluation For XTRA-GOLD RESOURCES CORP&quot;]. SEC Info. 2007-03-26. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

Kgampu ya Birim e kwa lefelong le le bokgola kwa Ghana. Go na le dipaka tse pedi tsa pula, ya ntlha ke go tswa ka Motsheganong go tsena Seetebosigo fa ya bobedi e simolola ka Lwetse go tsena Phalane. Ka dipaka tsa komelelo, selekanyo sa mogote se nna masome mabedi le borataro ka Phatwe le masome a mararo ka Mopitlo. Selekanyo sa bongola se masome a supa go tsena a robabobedi mo ngwageng otlhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140109013400/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=4&amp;sa=129&amp;PHPSESSID=c849a8e5ec &quot;Eastern Region&quot;]. Maks Publications &amp; Media Services. Archived from [https://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=4&amp;sa=129&amp;PHPSESSID=c849a8e5ec the original] on 2014-01-09. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Sekgwa sa Ghana se fokotsegile go nna diheketara di le sedikadike le dikete tse thataro ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi go tswa kwa go tse di didkadike di robabobedi le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ka sekete le makgolo a robabongwe, se tsweletse ka go wela tlase ka ntlha ya letlhoko la didirisiwa tsa kago ke palo ya batho e e golelang pele. Masimo a a okametsweng a a simololwa a ka thusa go busetsa kwelo tlase.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090108060322/http://www.theghanaianjournal.com/2008/10/30/forest-plantation-development-workshop-held-at-oda/ &quot;Forest Plantation Development Workshop held at Oda&quot;]. ''The Ghanaian Journal''. 2008-10-30. Archived from [https://theghanaianjournal.com/2008/10/30/forest-plantation-development-workshop-held-at-oda/ the original] on 2009-01-08. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

Metsi a noka a na le megare e e tswang mo mantleng, bontsi e le a batho mme ka dinako tse dingwe e le go tswa mo loruong, mo go dirang metsi gore a bo a sa babalesega go nowa a sa tlhwatswiwa.&lt;ref&gt;Ampofo J.A. (1997-06-01). &quot;A survey of microbial pollution of rural domestic water supply in Ghana&quot;. ''International Journal of Environmental Health Research''. '''7''' (2): 121–130. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09603129773913 10.1080/09603129773913.]&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa tlase ga Akwatia, noka e na le motlhaba o montsi ka ntlha ya meepo.&lt;ref&gt;Adu-Asare, R. Y. (2002-01-01). [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/features/artikel.php?ID=20612 &quot;Dangers of Diamond Mining in Ghana&quot;]. GhanaHomePage. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Galamsey ===
Noka ya Birim e isitswe seelo kwa tlase e le maduo a ditiro tsa meepo tse di seng ka fa molaong.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/police-arrest-22-in-connection-with-violence-at-asamanma.html &quot;Police arrest 22 in connection with violence at Asamnma&quot;.] ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Birim-River-Dying-Slowly-175832 &quot;Birim River Dying Slowly&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; Maloko a setshaba le makgotla a mangwe a kopile puso go tsaya kgato kgatlhanong le batho ba ba epang e se ka fa teseletsong le go sireletsa noka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190518150756/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/2018/February-15th/restore-rivers-to-original-path-before-rains-set-in-anti-galamsey-ngo.php &quot;Restore rivers to original path before rains set in - Anti-galamsey NGO&quot;.] ''www.myjoyonline.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Setlhopha sa batho ba le masome a marataro le bobedi se tlhamilwe go thusa go sireletsa noka.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Galamstop-Taskforce-to-protect-Birim-River-outdoored-742942 &quot;Galamstop Taskforce to protect Birim River outdoored&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditswammung ==
Kgampu ya Birim e humile ditswammung, e ntse e le motswedi wa gouta dingwaga tse dintsi, leina la pele la Ghana: [[Gold Coast]] le ne le remeletse mo go se. Ke motswedi o motona wa diteemane.

=== Gouta ===
[[Setshwantsho:Máscara de oro - tesoro del rey Kofi Kolkalli.jpg|thumb|Sebipa sefatlhego sa gouta go tswa mo letlotlong la kgosi wa Ashanti Kofi Kolkalli]]
Matlapa a noka ya Birim a na le gauta e e saleng e epiwa , e dirisiwa go dira mekgabisa le go rekisiwa mo kgwebong ya go kgabaganya Sahara dingwaga pele ga ma Yuropa ba lemoga Gold Coast.&lt;ref&gt;Patrick J. Munson (1980). &quot;Archaeology and the Prehistoric Origins of the Ghana Empire&quot;. [[:en:The_Journal_of_African_History|''Journal of African History''.]] '''21''' (4): 457–466. doi:[https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/abs/archaeology-and-the-prehistoric-origins-of-the-ghana-empire/703B6E93A35E4F4D46390E74EC6E8D5F 10.1017/S0021853700018685.]&lt;/ref&gt; Go simolola ka lekgolo la dingwga di le lesome le borobabongwe, dikomopone tsa Britain tsa meepo ya gouta di ne tse dirisa metlhale ya go epa gouta, go tlhabolola meepo kwa tlase ga lefatshe kwa lefelong la batho ba Ashanti. Morago ga boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le bosupa puso e ne ya tsaya mohama wa meepo ya gouta. Ka dipeeletso tse di sa lekanang, meepo e ne ya wela tlase le dipoelo tsa ya talse. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go e busetsa mo mohameng o o ikemetseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi beng ba mohama ba basha ba ne ba tsenya madi a peeletso, bogolo jang kwa meepong ya Ashanti, ba itemogela digouta tse disha tsa maemo a ntlha. Lefelo la Ashanti jaanong le na le gouta e e fetang diidkadike di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le botlhano.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.voltaresources.com/s/AshantiBelt.asp &quot;Ashanti Gold Belt&quot;.] Volta Resources Inc. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Diteemane ===
Lefatshe la Ghana le ntshitse majwe a tlhatlhwakgolo go tswa mo lokgarapaneng fa e sale ka dingwaga di le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi, a maemo a madirelo. Ka dingwaga tsa pele tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe puso e ne ya itsise leano la go dira gore mohama wa meepo ya diteemane o ikemele mme ba ne ba seka ba bona ope o o rekang. Puso e santse e le yone e okametseng Ghana Consolidated Diamonds, fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le botlhano, ke yone fela e ntshang diteemane tse di rekisiwang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;La Verle Berry. &quot;Ghana: Diamonds&quot;. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_the_Army|United States Department of the Army]]. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Ghana Consolidated Diamonds e dirisa lefelo le lebotlna ale mokgwa wa moepo kwa moepong wa Akwatia. Puso e batla mmeeletsi o o ka okamelang moepo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211033150/http://www.ghana-mining.org/ghweb/en/ma/mincom/mcminingnews.html &quot;GEOLOGY AND MINERAL DEPOSITS&quot;.] Minerals Commission of Ghana. Archived from [https://www.ghana-mining.org/ghweb/en/ma/mincom/mcminingnews.html the original] on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe, puso ya Ghana e ne ya tlhama kompon ya Precious Minerals Marketing Corporation (PMMC) go rekisa go epa gouta le teemane le go reka le go rekisa gape dipoelo. 70% ya diteemane di tswentswe mo lefatsheng ka bokukuntshwane pele ga PMMC e tlhamiwa. Mo dikgweding tse di lesome le borataro tsa go bereka, PMMC  e ne ya reka diteemane tsa dicarats di le dikete di le makgolo a mararo, masome a robabobedi le bobedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mabedi le boraro le gouta ya bokete jwa dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo mararo, masome a marataro le botlhano, ya rekisa diteemane tsa di carats di le dikete di le makgolo mabedi le masome a mararo tse di lopang didikadke di robabobedi. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya dingongorego ka thekiso ya ditswammung, puso e ne ya dira tshekatsheko ya ka fa kompone e dirang ka teng ka Mopitlo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi, ba seegela kwa thoko mookamedi wa yone.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ka dingwaga tsa 1950 le 1960, lefelo la Akwatia la mokgatsha wa Bikim le ntshitse di carats di feta diidkadike tse pedi ka ngwaga. Le fa go ntse jalo, seelo sa ditswammung le bokete bo ya tlase. Lefatshe la Ghana le ntshitse dikhilogereme di le lekgol le masome a marataro a diteemane ka 1995, sephatlo se tswa kwa Akwatia. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090109200247/http://www.jckonline.com/article/CA6254610.html &quot;World Diamond Production Increases In '95&quot;.] Reed Elsevier. 1996-01-10. Archived from [https://www.jckonline.com/article/CA6254610.html the original] on 2009-01-09. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

Bontsi jwa diteemane kwa kgampung ya Birim ke tsa baepi ba kwa Akwatia. Go na le bosupi jwa gore seelo se ya godimo.&lt;ref&gt;Omayra Bermúdez-Lugo (August 2007). [https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/international-minerals-statistics-and-information &quot;The Mineral Industry of Ghana&quot;] (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2029-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

== Temo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Palm oil production in Jukwa Village, Ghana-03.jpg|thumb|Go diriwa ga lookwane kwa Jukwa, Ghana]]
Mmu o o nonneng ebile o le bothitho, seemo sa bosa se se bongola sa kgampu ya Birim se siametse dijalo tsa dijo tsa konokono di tshwana le cassava, yam, cocoyam, mmidi, raese le merogo, ga mmogo le dijalo tsa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo jaaka dinamune le losika lwa tsone, pineapple, pawpaw le cola nut. Kgaolo e gape e ntsha dijalo tse di tswang mafatsheng a sele jaaka pepere e ntsho le e e sukiri, gemmere, manoko, raba le di mango tse di nnang botlhokwa mo thekong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Go lemiwa ga cocoa ke mengwe metswedi ya botlhokwa ya dipoelo, e e omeletseng e a rekisiwa. Go lemiwa ga lookwane lwa palm le gone go ya kwa godimo, e dirisiwa le go dira molora mo gae. Bamboo ke sejalo se sengwe sa botlhokwa. Sejalo se segolang thata se se dirisiwa go aga le go dira didirisiwa tsa ntlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20091017063457/http://www.uga.edu/akimoda/ &quot;Old Town, Akim Oda&quot;.] University of Georgia. Archived from the original on 2009-10-17. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bojanala ==
Puso e leka go tlhabolola mohama wa bojanala mo kgaolong e. Sekgwa sa Atewa se okametswe ke Okyeman Environment Foundation, e e iletsang temo e le tsela ya go rotloetsa bojanala.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20101213083152/http://biodiversityreporting.org/article.sub?docId=513&amp;c=Ghana&amp;cRef=Ghana&amp;year=2002&amp;date=June%202001 &quot;Eco - Fest Foundation at Atewa Range&quot;]. Biodiversity Reporting Award. June 2001. Archived from [https://flexi88danaid.com/article.sub?docId=513&amp;c=Ghana&amp;cRef=Ghana&amp;year=2002&amp;date=June%202001 the original] on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt; Kgaolo ya Birim kwa borwa e na le diphororo, mafelo a ditso le dikgwa di robabongwe. Lekgotla la ditlhabololo tsa bojanala kwa Ghana le bereka le District Assemby le baokamedi ba dikgaolo ba dirile leano la kgwebo go tlhabolola lefelo la bojanala la Big Tree kwa sekgweng sa Esen Pan gaufi le Akim Oda. Lefelo le le na le setlhare se setona thata kwa bophirirma jwa Aforika sa boleele jwa dimithara di le masome a marataro le borataro le bophara jwa dimithara di le lesome le bobedi. Ba bereka le sekolo se segolwane sa [[University of Georgia]], maano a a diriwa a go tlhabolola ditsela, mafeloa  go ja le go iketla, le mabentlele.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723134421/http://www.ghanadistricts.net/districts/?r=9&amp;_=69&amp;sa=519&amp;PHPSESSID=c1c8ed71d36a2af6756aea01213933ba &quot;Upper West » Birim Central Municipal - Tourism Attractions&quot;]. Maks Publications &amp; Media Services. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa toropong ya Akyem Oda, toropokgolo ya Birim borwa, mafelo a a kgatlhang a akaretsa maeto a mekoro e e gabolotsweng go bona meepo, meletlo ya setso e gantsi e akaretsang go itewa ga meropa le marekisetso a kwa ntle.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Dijo tsa mo gae di supiwa kwa mafelong a.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717002808/http://www.theghanaianjournal.com/2007/04/10/local-food-festival-ends-at-akyem/ &quot;Local food festival ends at Akyem&quot;.] ''The Ghanaian Journal''. 2007-04-10. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2026-06-29&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Diphororo tsa Boali</title>
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      <text bytes="3197" sha1="sbahpx6me6ib3ixw4rc502eqrylz00a" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Republique Centrafricaine - Boali - Chutes de Boali.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Boali]]
'''Boali''' e nnile toropokgolo ya porofense ya Ombella-M'Poko kwa [[Central African Republic]] ka kgwedi ya  Sedimonthole ele lesome,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi  morago ga gore toropokgolo ya maloba ya Bimbo e tsenngwe mo porofenseng ya Bangui. &lt;ref&gt;Oubangui Médias, Oubangui Médias. [https://oubanguimedias.com/2020/12/11/la-centrafrique-dispose-desormais-de-20-prefectures-et-de-84-sous-prefectures/ &quot;La Centrafrique dispose désormais de 20 préfectures et de 84 sous-préfectures&quot;.] ''oubanguimedias.com''. Oubangi Medias. Retrieved 27 May 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

Boali e mo tseleng ya National Highway 1 (RN1),&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120817083533/http://www.banguiweb.com/les_chutes_de_boali-sites_touristiques-0-2-106-0-rubrique.html &quot;Les Chutes de Boali&quot;.] ''BanguiWeb''. Retrieved 2013-03-24.&lt;/ref&gt; dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo  kwa bokonebophirima jwa motsemoshate, [[Bangui]].&lt;ref&gt;O'Toole, Thomas (1986). [https://books.google.com/books?id=vIowAQAAIAAJ ''The Central African Republic The Continent's Hidden Heart''.] Westview Press. p. 123.&lt;/ref&gt;Tsela e e katisitswe go fitlha kwa Bossembélé koo karolo e e katisitsweng e nnang RN3 go ya kwa Bouar le [[Cameroon]] fa RN1 e tswelela go ya kwa Bossangoa, mme kwa bofelong e ya kwa [[Chad]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Auzias, Dominique; Labourdette, Jean-Paul (2010). &quot;Chutes de Boali&quot;. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xApEDxFrUR8C&amp;pg=PA110 République Centrafricaine 2010-11]''. Petit Futé. p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2746926075|&lt;bdi&gt;2746926075&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

E re ka Boali e le mo Nokeng ya Mbali, e itsege ka diphororo tsa yone le go nna le madirelo a motlakase wa metsi gaufi le yone. Diphororo tsa Boali di bophara jwa  dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano (820 ft) le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a matlhano  (160 ft), mme ke lefelo le le ratwang thata ke bajanala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Diyuniti tse pedi tsa Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Boali, Boali I le Boali II, di kwa tlase ga diphororo. Di na le maatla a a kopantsweng a go tlhagisa motlakase wa dimekawate di le 18,65 mme di tsamaisiwa ke setlamo sa puso sa Enerca.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Kalck, Pierre (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=tbDFlvQeps0C&amp;pg=PA70 ''Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic Third Edition''.] Scarecrow Press. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0810849135|&lt;bdi&gt;0810849135&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Go wediwa ga Boali I ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano go ne ga rotloetsa ditlhabololo tse dingwe di le mmalwa tsa madirelo mo toropong, go akarediwa le madirelo a ntlha a masela a naga, a a simolotseng go dira ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bone . &lt;ref&gt;Singh, Daleep (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-3sv3OSgeLkC&amp;pg=PA201 Francophone Africa, 1905-2005 A Century of Economic and Social Change]''. Allied Publishers. p. 201. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/8184242581|&lt;bdi&gt;8184242581&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Motlakase wa metsi wa Boali o tlamela motse-mogolo le metse e mengwe e le lesome le boraro ka motlakase.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Noka ya Mzimvubu</title>
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      <text bytes="4502" sha1="87zhhbo2693rwjvumekkznbmu2eenn2" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:IY188 pg018 THE MOUTH OF THE UMZIMVUBU 'GATES' OF ST JOHN'S RIVER, NATAL.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Mzimvubu]]
'''Noka ya Mzimvubu''' kgotsa Noka ya Umzimvubu ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di botlhokwa thata mo [[Aforika Borwa]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa &quot;myfundi.co.za&quot;.] ''myfundi.co.za''&lt;/ref&gt;E mo motsaneng wa Kapa Botlhaba.

== Tsela ==
Noka e simologa kwa kgaolong e e kwa bokone jwa Kapa Botlhaba, kwa kgaolong ya Matatiele le Thaba ya Fletcher gaufi le molelwane wa Lesotho. Noka ya Mzimvubu e elela ka tsela e e itsoketsang le e e retologang ka kakaretso go ya ntlheng ya borwabotlhaba mme e tshologela mo Lewatleng la India ka mokgatšha o o kgatlhang o o itsegeng e le &quot;Dikgoro tsa St John&quot; go tsena mo molomong wa noka o o kwa Port St. Ba-John. E boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mane mme e na le kgaolo e e nang le metsi ya dikilometara di le 19,853.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081227032746/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverECMzimvubu/defaultmain.htm &quot;vn Rivers - Mzimvubu river&quot;.] Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 26 March 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

Le mororo e le nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tsa Afrika Borwa, Mzimvubu le mokgatšha wa yone ga di ise di tlhabololwe go le kalo. Ga jaana noka eno ke karolo ya Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma Water Management Area.&lt;ref&gt;Kapfudzaruwa, Farai; Sowman, Merle (13 October 2009). &quot;[https://scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&amp;script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?&quot;.] ''Water SA''. '''35''' (5): 683–692. doi:10.4314/wsa.v35i5.49195 – via SciELO.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a marataro le masome a mararo le botlhano (1635) sekepe sa Sepotokisi sa 'Nossa Senhora de Belem' se ne sa kgweetsa kwa molomong wa Noka ya Mzimvubu.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20130704043140/http://www.mpondokingdom.co.za/history.html Mpondo Kingdom - The History of The Kingdom] Archived 2013-07-04 at the Wayback Machine&lt;/ref&gt;

Noka ya Mzimvubu e kgaoganya [[Pondoland]] go nna Pondoland ya Botlhaba le Bophirima. &lt;ref&gt;[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]&lt;/ref&gt;Pele molomo wa noka o ne o diriswa jaaka boemakepe, fela tiro e e ne ya tlogelwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane (1940) fa molomo wa noka o ne o sa tsenelela thata mo dikepeng tse dikgolo ka ntlha ya go khurumela le ntlha ya gore tsela ya go tsena e a tle e thibelwe ke motlhaba. Ga jaana noka eno e tsamaya fela ka dikepe tse dinnye mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le lesome  go ya kwa godimo ga noka.&lt;ref&gt;van der Merwe, E. and Costello, K. ''Port St. Johns, &quot;Paradise in Pondoland&quot; (2nd edition)''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mzimvubu_River#cite_note-Paradise-7]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dithuso ==
Dinoka tse di kgolo tsa Noka ya Mzimvubu ke Noka ya Tsitsa, Noka ya Thina (Tina), Noka ya Kinira le Noka ya Mzintlava.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tikologo ==
Dingwe tsa ditlhapi tse di tshwarwang mo metsing a yone ke Oncorhynchus mykiss, mofuta o o tsentsweng, Barbus anoplus le Anguilla mossambica; tse dingwe, jaaka Micropterus salmoides le Cyprinus carpio, ke mefuta e e tlhaselang.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/froc.asp FROC - Reference frequency of occurrence of fish species in South Africa]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditshaka tse di bidiwang di-bull shark di nna mo metsing mme di itsege ka go tsadisa mo nokeng e bile di amanngwa le tlhaselo e ntsi mo mabopong a a gaufi.&lt;ref&gt;Costello, John (4 September 2023). [https://thesardine.co.za/sharks-and-sound-at-port-st-johns-second-beach/ &quot;Sharks and Sound at Port St Johns Second Beach&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

Maiteko a go laola metsi a a mo nokeng a akaretsa lenaneo la Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme, le le tlhomilweng ke Environmental and Rural Solutions and Conservation South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://wwfafrica.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/umzimvubu-wsp-factsheet.pdf?54825%2Fumzimvubu-catchment-partnership= Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership] (PDF) (Report). WWF South Africa.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://biodiversityinvestment.environment.gov.za/umzimvubu-catchment-partnership-programme &quot;Umzimvubu Catchment Partnership Programme&quot;.] ''Biodiversity Sector Investment Portal''. South African Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment.&lt;/ref&gt;11][12]

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Diphororo tsa Trou de Fer</title>
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      <text bytes="4839" sha1="pvcvwlrgys57dztd60qjyvbv17nhn48" xml:space="preserve">Trou de Fer (&quot;Lesoba la Tshipi&quot;) ke kgogometso e e mo Setlhaketlhakeng sa Reunion, go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Madagascar kwa Lewatleng la India. Noka e kgolo e e elelang mo mogorogorong ono, e e boteng jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo (dimetara di le 1 000), ke Noka ya Bras de Caverne, e leng molatswana wa Rivière du Mât. Canyon e na le dikarolo tse pedi tse di farologaneng: crater e tona, e e fepiwang ke diphororo di le thataro tse di tlhageletseng, le canyon e tshesane ya slot kwa e tswang teng, e e bopang bontsi jwa boleele jwa canyon. Mogorogoro o simolola kwa phororong ya molatswana wa Bras Mazerine mme morago ga dikilometara di ka nna 1.4 – 1.8 go tswa kwa letlhakoreng la molema o kopana le molatswana o mogolo wa Bras de Caverne.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/Af/IndianOcean/Reunion/TroudeFer.htm &quot;Trou de Fer canyon and waterfalls&quot;.] Wondermondo.&lt;/ref&gt; Noka ya Bras de Caverne e tsena mo kgogometsong e e nang le phororo e e ka nnang dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi (maoto a le 660). Lerothodi leno gantsi le omile kgotsa le na le metsi a mannye thata,&lt;ref&gt;Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/ReunionIslandPages/A7.htm &quot;The First Drop in the Trou de Fer&quot;.] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; mme fa gare ga leo le le le latelang, lerothodi la dimitara di le lekgolo le masome a rorabobedi (590 ft), metswedi e fepa noka, e e rothelang mo godimo ga seno morago ga moo e bo e wela mo godimo ga lefika la bofelo la dimitara di le makgolo a mararo (1,000 ft) le le kgaotsweng ka fa tlase go tsena mo go la Troume de pluter &lt;ref&gt;Swan, Bryan; Goss, Dean (13 April 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110611100543/http://www.world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=173 &quot;Trou de Fer, Cascades de&quot;.] ''World Waterfall Database''. world-waterfalls.com. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Setshwantsho:Trou-de-Fer.jpg|thumb|Trou de Fer e bonwa go tswa kwa godimo; motswedi wa metsi wa Bras de Caverne o kafa mojeng o o kwa kgakala.]]
ka tlhamalalo kafa molemeng wa phororo eno, molatswana o mongwe o wela mo godimo ga lefika, o o kgaotsweng ka fa tlase ga selekanyo se molomo wa one o nang le sebaka se se senang sepe se se fetang dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi (660 ft) fa gare ga one le bodilo jwa canyon, se se ka nnang bogodimo jo bo tshwanang mo meseleng e mebedi le ya phororo pele ga o wela mo lever . phororo. Phororo eno ga e kwa godimo jalo, mme e na le kelelo e nnye ya metsi. E fepiwa ke diphororo tse dingwe di le mmalwa tse di elelang mo mafikeng a a fa godimo ga yone. Go ya pele kafa molemeng, mo e ka nnang sekgala se se menaganeng gabedi go tswa mo diphororong tsa ntlha go ya kwa go tsa bobedi, molatswana o mongwe o mogolo o tsena mo kgogometsong.&lt;ref&gt;Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T2.htm &quot;The Route from the Second Cascade to the Bottom&quot;]. crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;Ka kakaretso, go na le bobotlana diphororo di le thataro tse di fepang canyon eno. Kwa botlaseng jwa kgogometso, go simolola kgogometso e e farologaneng ya slot, kgotsa &quot;The Narrows&quot;. Metsi a a tswang kwa phororong ya Bras de Caverne le phororo e e yang kwa molemeng wa yone a elela mo mogorogorong wa slot ka angle ya 90-degree, ka phororo e e itsiweng ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang jaaka &quot;Motšhini wa go Tlhatswa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T5.htm &quot;Approaching the Washing Machine&quot;.] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Leina leno le tswa mo mouwaneng o o o tlhagisang, o o kolobisang batho ba ba emeng gaufi le motheo wa diphororo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/TroudeFer.htm &quot;Canyoneering Reunion Island: The Trou de Fer&quot;.] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mogorogoro wa slot, kgotsa &quot;The Corridor&quot;, o atologela go ka nna dikilometara tse tharo (1.9 mi), mme go bolelwa fa gantsi o thibelwa ke dijeme tsa matlakala go bopa makadiba, go akaretsa le &quot;Letsha la Eel&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Metswedi e mentsi e elela mo lefikeng le le nang le maroba la lekgwamolelo la mabota, mme e dira diphororo tse dintsintsi.&lt;ref&gt;Hart, John (October 2002). [http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T11.htm &quot;Waterfall in the &quot;Corridor&quot;&quot;.] crystalcanyons.net. Retrieved 13 July 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Setlhopha sa ga Pascale Lapoule, Laurent Broisin le Pascal Colas e ne e le bone ba ntlha go palama/go tsamaya mo kgogometsong ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ele lesome le borobabongwe go ya ko masome a mabedi le bongwe ,ngwaga wa sekete.makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe .&lt;ref&gt;http://www.crystalcanyons.net/Pages/TripReports/ReportImages/TrouDeFer/T11.htm&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Diphororo tsa Mac-Mac</title>
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      <text bytes="1138" sha1="h33ge6vqbu21mbd6xe17mnnkcg3uwrd" xml:space="preserve">'''Diphororo tsa Mac-Mac''' ke diphororo tsa dimitara di le  masome a marataro le botlhano mo Nokeng ya Mac-Mac kwa Lefelong la Tlhago la Sekgwa sa Mac-Mac, [[Mpumalanga]], [[Aforika Borwa]].

== Ditso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Mac Mac Falls (46776220411).jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Mac Mac]]
Kwa tshimologong, phororo e ne e na le molatswana o le mongwe fela, mme badiri ba meepo ba ne ba dirisa dinamite mo phororong ka tsholofelo ya go senola lekekema le le humileng ka gauta, le jaanong le nang le metsi a a welang mo melatswaneng e mebedi. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sabie.co.za/gallery/mac-mac-falls.html &quot;Mac Mac Falls: Sabie Gallery&quot;.] ''www.sabie.co.za''. Retrieved 17 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

E ne ya kaiwa fa e le Lefelo la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Porofense ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome le borobabobedi,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro , mmogo le sekgwa sa selegae mo kgaolong e e kwa tlase ga phororo. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230317095845/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/node/33753 &quot;Mac Mac Waterfalls, Geelhoutboom, Pilgrim's Rest District | SAHRA&quot;]. ''SAHRA''. Retrieved 17 March 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;

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    <title>Noka ya Bankasoka</title>
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      <text bytes="1318" sha1="59w6rzmf2nlcuql9uf4y8r2m47axlnw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Bankasoka|image_name=Port Loko River - Feb 2011 - panoramio (1).jpg|basin_countries=[[Sierra Leone]]}}

'''Noka ya Bankasoka''' ke noka e e kwa [[Sierra Leone]].

Jaaka mogogoro o o makhubu e kopana le [[noka ya Rokel]] kwa borwa go tlhama noka ya [[Sierra Leone]].&lt;ref&gt;West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.&lt;/ref&gt;

Maemelo a dikepe a mabedi a mo nokeng e, Port Pepel le Port Loko.

Noka ya Bankasoka ke noka e e mo lotshitshing lwa [[noka ya Sierra Leone]], yone le noka ya Rokel di tlhama mogogoro wa noka ya Sierra Leone dikhilomithara di le masome a mane go tswa kwa lewatleng la Atlantic. Bontlha jwa yone kwa bokone bo itsege gape ka leina la ''letsha la Tumbu''.&lt;ref&gt;West Africa Topographical Maps, Series N504, 1:250,000, U.S. Army Map Service, 1955.&lt;/ref&gt; Noka e itsege gape e le mogobe wa Port Loko ka gore toropo ya leina le le tshwanang e mo nokeng eo.

Go na le mafelo a go fetlhiwang motlakase kwa go one a le mararo a mabotlana gaufi le Port Loko.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210508171533/https://www.africanpowerplatform.org/resources/power-projects/user-item/728-admin/257-bankasoka-hydro-dam.html ''Bankasoka Hydro Dam.'' Africa Power Platform].&lt;sup&gt;[''permanent dead link'']&lt;/sup&gt; Retrieved 30 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>59w6rzmf2nlcuql9uf4y8r2m47axlnw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Milo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51957</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:00:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Milo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2146" sha1="9pnop8lj3n8fzf2mrwbv0t1zrtgrdvs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Milo|image_name=Lit du fleuve Milo.jpg|image_map=Guinea physical map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka kwa Guinea|basin_countries=[[Guinea]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Niger]]}}

'''Noka ya Milo''' ke noka e e kwa [[Guinea]] kwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. E tlhatloga kwa dithabeng tsa Simandou gaufi le Beyla, e elelela kwa borwa jwa Siguiri dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi, le di le makgolo a mararo kwa bokone kwa ntlheng e e nnang mengwe ya metswedi ya botlhokwa ya [[noka ya Niger]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (16 March 2005). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=kIiHwg3Y5u4C&amp;pg=PA143&amp;redir_esc=y Historical Dictionary of Guinea]''. Scarecrow Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;143–144. ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780810865457|9780810865457]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nemec jr., Jaromir (6 December 2012). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=OnpyBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA137&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Hydrological Forecasting: Design and Operation of Hydrological Forecasting Systems]''. Springer Science &amp; Business Media. p.&amp;nbsp;137. ISBN&amp;nbsp;&lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789400946804|9789400946804]]&lt;/bdi&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bogosi jwa pele ga motlha wa bokolone jwa Bate bo simologile ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le bosupa bo le kwa mokgatsheng wa noka ya Milo.&lt;ref&gt;Osborn, Emily Lynn (10 October 2011). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=5vFHBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Our New Husbands Are Here: Households, Gender, and Politics in a West African State from the Slave Trade to Colonial Rule]''. Ohio University Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;1–. ISBN&amp;nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780821443972|&lt;bdi&gt;9780821443972&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Parker, John; Reid, Richard (10 October 2013). ''T[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=Ka9PAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT127&amp;redir_esc=y he Oxford Handbook of Modern African Histo]ry''. OUP Oxford. p.&amp;nbsp;127. ISBN&amp;nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780191667558|&lt;bdi&gt;9780191667558&lt;/bdi&gt;.]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako ya bokolone, noka e ne e le tsela e e botlhokwa ya dipalangwa, ka e ne e tsamaega ka mekorwana go tswa kwa Kankan go ya nokeng ya Niger.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>9pnop8lj3n8fzf2mrwbv0t1zrtgrdvs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Mellacoree</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51959</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:07:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Mellacoree #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1156" sha1="0mbylio8bjrabmpxs4ql4e5ak2tzw19" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Mellacoree|basin_countries=[[Guinea]]|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic}}

'''Noka ya Mellacorée''' ke noka e khutshwane kwa [[Guinea]]. Kwa tlase ga yone bontsi ke mogogoro.&lt;ref&gt;Diop, Salif (1990). ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040793 La côte ouest-africaine. Du Saloum (Sénégal) à la Mellacorée (Rép. de Guinée)]'' (in French). Paris: l'ORSTOM. p. 380.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Noka ya Mellacoree e ne e le nngwe ya dinoka tsa borwa, kgaolo e go neng ga thibelela batho ba [[France]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, le masome a marataro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi, ya tsenngwa mo tlhokomelong ya mookamedi wa [[Senegal]] pele ga e nna kolone ya Guinea. Kampa ya masome e tlhamilwe koo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le borataro kwa Benty, kwa molomong wa noka.&lt;ref&gt;Brosselard-Faidherbe, Henri (1892). ''[https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_2/etudes_theses/40109.pdf Casamance et Mellacorée. Pénétration au Soudan]'' (PDF) (in French). Paris: Librairie illustrée. p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>0mbylio8bjrabmpxs4ql4e5ak2tzw19</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Lawa (Aferika)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51960</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:15:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lawa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="615" sha1="bj7364q9nro0vztmptf7duuxc0pkgz9" xml:space="preserve">'''Noka ya Lawa''' ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika]]. Noka e, e e dikhilomithara di le lekgolo ka boleele, e simolola kwa botlhaba jwa [[Guinea]], borwa jwa Macenta. Noka e, e elelela kwa borwa-bophirima go ya kwa [[Liberia]], kwa e tsenang mo [[Noka ya Lofa|nokeng ya Lofa]] kwa kgaolong ya Lofa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200624034902/https://www.worldometers.info/img/maps/liberia_physical_map.gif &quot;Liberia Physical Map&quot;]. ''Worldometers''. Archived from [https://www.worldometers.info/img/maps/liberia_physical_map.gif the original] on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morwalela wa 2022 kwa Nigeria</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14286</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51961</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:16:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lucrucia98</username>
        <id>12161</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment># AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Morwalela wa 2022 kwa Nigeria</comment>
      <origin>51961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1930" sha1="sjwvn3bb6ldvxmslcqq70gadbda1kwh" xml:space="preserve">Morwalela wa tshoganyetso, o o tlhaolwang ke metsi a a tlhatlogang ka bonako le a a kotsi a a tsamayang ka lobelo lo lo kwa godimo, a ka diragala ka tshoganyetso. Go palelwa ga matamo kgotsa dikago tse dingwe tse di bolokang metsi le gone go ka baka morwalela. Mo dingwageng tsa bošeng jaana, phetogo ya tlelaemete le thuthafalo ya lefatshe di tlhageletse jaaka dilo tse di botlhokwa tse di bakang morwalela.&lt;ref&gt;Ajumobi, Victor Emeka; Womboh, SooveBenki; Ezem, Sebhaziba Benjamin (January 2023). [https://www.gjournals.org/2023/01/10/122422109-ajumobi-et-al/ &quot;Impacts of the 2022 Flooding on the Residents of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria&quot;.] ''Greener Journal of Environmental Management and Public Safety''. '''11''' (1): 1–6.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2022 ===
Karolo eno ke nopolo go tswa mo merwaleleng ya 2022 ya Nigeria.

Morwalela kwa Nigeria wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) o amile dikarolo di le dintsi tsa naga. Go tswa mo Tshedimosetsong ya Puso ya Bosetšhaba, merwalela e ne e fudusitse batho ba feta dimilione di le 1,4, ya bolaya batho ba feta makgolo a marataro le boraro , le go gobatsa batho ba feta dikete tse pedi le makgolo a manne . Matlo a ka nna 82,035 a ne a senyegile, mme diheketara di le 332,327 tsa lefatshe le tsone di ne di amegile.&lt;ref&gt;Oguntola, Tunde (2022-10-17). [https://leadership.ng/2022-flood-603-dead-1-3m-displaced-across-nigeria-federal-govt/ &quot;2022 Flood: 603 Dead, 1.3m Displaced Across Nigeria – Federal Govt&quot;]. ''Leadership''. Retrieved 2022-11-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le fa Nigeria ka tlwaelo e itemogela merwalela ya dipaka, morwalela ono e ne e le o o maswe go gaisa mo nageng fa e sale ka merwalela ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).&lt;ref&gt;Maclean, Ruth (17 October 2022). [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/17/world/africa/nigeria-floods.html &quot;Nigeria Floods Kill Hundreds and Displace Over a Million&quot;.] ''The New York Times''.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Mesurado</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14287</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51962</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:22:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mesurado #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="567" sha1="mile8ksh4nwxbc70bicyqos3kixo4ox" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Mesurado River (6831730706).jpg|thumb|Noka ya Mesurado kwa Mesurado]]
'''Noka ya Mesurado''' ke noka e e kwa [[Liberia]]. E elela go ralala toropokgolo Monrovia, e kgabaganngwa ke borogo jwa People's Bridge, e agilwe ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.micat.gov.lr/content.php?sub=National%20Museum&amp;?related=Culture Ministry of Information of the Government of the Republic of Liberia] Archived 2017-05-15 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] Retrieved on 30 June 2026&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Noka ya Lufu</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>51963</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:40:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JudithShe</username>
        <id>9421</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lufu #AWC2026 #wATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA</comment>
      <origin>51963</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1810" sha1="f0cm53nwjx6wvh9p2ss52l8qqh9uzos" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Lufu|image_name=Bridge over Lufu River, Cataract Region.jpg|caption=Borogo go kgabaganya noka ya Lufu|image_map=Democratic Republic of the Congo relief location map.jpg|basin_countries=[[Angola]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Congo]]|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Lungezi]]}}

'''Noka ya Lufu''' kgotsa '''noka ya Luvo''' (ka teme ya seFora: '''Riviere Luvo'''; ka sePotokisi: '''Rio Luvo''') ke noka e e kwa [[Angola]] le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Congo]] kwa molemeng.

== Lefelo ==
Bontlha jwa kgaolo e e kwa godimo ga noka ya Lufu, le motswedi wa yone ebong [[noka ya Lungezi]], bo dira molelwane gareng ga mafatshe a DRC le [[Angola]] kwa borwa. Go tswa kwa molelwaneng e elelela kwa bokone le bokone-bophirima jwa toropo ya Lufu, go tswa foo e elelela kwa bokone-bophirirma jwa [[noka ya Congo]], kwa e tsenang teng go tswa kwa botlhaba kwa [[Diphororo tsa Inga|diphororong tsa Inga]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/401961222#map=13/-5.54220/13.69480 &quot;Way: Lufu (401961222)&quot;,] ''OpenStreetMap'', retrieved 2026-06-30&lt;/ref&gt;

Molelwane o tlolwa ke batswakwa ba ba tlolang e se ka fa molaong go tswa kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] go ya [[Angola]].&lt;ref&gt;Avelino Chico, S. J. (2020), ''A[https://www.comillas.edu/ ngola and the Democratic Republic of Congo's border From a place of business to the point of entry for illegal immigration]'' (PDF), Comillas Pontifical University&lt;/ref&gt; Ka malatsi a marekisetso dikete tsa batho ba tlola molelwane kwa lefelong la go tsena kwa Lufu.&lt;ref&gt;Nzeusseu, Viviane (20 May 2016), ''[[Emergency Plan of Action: Democratic Republic of Congo: Yellow Fever]]'' (PDF), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, retrieved 2026-06-30&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  </page>
</mediawiki>